Long list of geospatial analysis tools. Geospatial analysis, or just spatial analysis, is an approach to applying statistical analysis and other analytic techniques to data which has a geographical or spatial aspect.
* [PostGIS Vector Tile Utils](https://github.com/mapbox/postgis-vt-util) - A set of PostgreSQL functions that are useful when creating vector tile sources.
* [Microsoft SQL Server](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/spatial/spatial-data-sql-server) - Microsoft SQL/SQL Azure spatial features. All the spatial functionality is also available as a .NET library (can be downloaded using nuget)
* [DB2 Spatial Extender](http://www-03.ibm.com/software/products/en/db2spaext) - Spatial Extender allows you to store, manage, and analyze spatial data in DB2.
* [Rasdaman](http://www.rasdaman.org/) - Array database that allows storing and querying massive multi-dimensional arrays, such as sensor, image, simulation, and statistics data appearing in domains like earth, space, and life science.
* [SciDB](http://www.paradigm4.com/) - Array database designed for multidimensional data management and analytics common to scientific, geospatial, financial, and industrial applications.
* [3D CityDB](http://www.3dcitydb.org/) - A free 3D geo database to store, represent, and manage virtual 3D city models on top of a standard spatial relational database. The database model contains semantically rich, hierarchically structured, multi-scale urban objects facilitating complex GIS modeling and analysis tasks, far beyond visualization.
* [OrientDB](https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb) - OrientDB is an Open Source Multi-Model NoSQL DBMS with the support of Native Graphs, Documents Full-Text, Reactivity, Geo-Spatial and Object Oriented concepts.
* [MobilityDB](https://github.com/ULB-CoDE-WIT/MobilityDB) - An extension to the Postgres database which adds support for temporal and spatio-temporal objects
* [TileDB](https://github.com/TileDB-Inc/TileDB) - TileDB is a powerful engine for storing and accessing dense and sparse multi-dimensional arrays, which can help you model any complex data efficiently.
* [Global Mapper](http://www.bluemarblegeo.com/products/global-mapper.php) - Geospatial and remote sensing data analysis.
* [Spring](http://www.dpi.inpe.br/spring/english/index.html) - GIS and remote sensing image processing system with an object-oriented data model.
* [TerrSet](https://clarklabs.org/terrset/) - TerrSet (formerly IDRISI) is an integrated geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing software
* [OSSIM](http://trac.osgeo.org/ossim/) - Suite of geospatial libraries and applications used to process imagery, maps, terrain, and vector data.
* [e-Foto](http://www.efoto.eng.uerj.br/en) - Free and open source digital photogrammetric workstation.
* [Guidos Toolbox](http://forest.jrc.ec.europa.eu/download/software/guidos/) - Some GDAL functionalities and includes MSPA (Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis) for connectivity maps.
* [IDL](http://www.harrisgeospatial.com/ProductsandSolutions/GeospatialProducts/IDL.aspx) - IDL is a programming language used for data analysis and image processing programming.
* [ArcMap Raster Edit Suite](https://github.com/haoliangyu/ares) - An ArcMap Addin that enables manual editing of single pixels on raster layer.
* [The Sentinel Toolbox](https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/toolboxes) - The Sentinel Toolboxes consists of a collection of processing tools, data product readers and writers and a display and analysis application to process Sentinel data.
* [rasterix](https://github.com/mogasw/rasterix) - Rasterix is a cross-platform utility built around the GDAL library and the Qt framework designed to process geospatial raster data.
* [LuciadFusion](http://www.luciad.com/solutions/luciadfusion) - An all-in-one server solution for your data publication workflow and geospatial data management
* [Terraview](http://www.dpi.inpe.br/terraview_eng/index.php) - GIS application built using the TerraLib GIS library.
* [gvSIG](http://www.gvsig.com/en) - Free and open source GIS.
* [GRASS GIS](https://grass.osgeo.org/) - GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) is a free and open source GIS.
* [ILWIS](http://52north.org/communities/ilwis/ilwis-open) - Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS) is a remote sensing and GIS software.
* [MapWindow GIS](http://www.mapwindow.org/) - Free and open source desktop geographic information system.
* [FME Desktop](https://www.safe.com/fme/fme-desktop/) - FME is an integrated collection of Spatial ETL tools for data transformation and data translation.
* [Mapbox GL JS](https://www.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-js/api/) - Mapbox GL JS is a JavaScript library that uses WebGL to render interactive maps from vector tiles and Mapbox styles.
* [MapLibre GL](https://github.com/maplibre/maplibre-gl-js) - Is a community led fork derived from Mapbox GL JS prior to their switch to a non-OSS license.
* [LuciadRIA](http://www.luciad.com/solutions/luciadria) - A JavaScript library for 3D globes and maps, with support for military symbology and desktop-like performance
* [geojson-vt](https://github.com/mapbox/geojson-vt) - A highly efficient JavaScript library for slicing GeoJSON data into vector tiles on the fly.
* [ArcGIS JS App Generator](https://github.com/odoe/generator-arcgis-js-app) - This is a yeoman generator for ArcGIS API for JavaScript applications.
* [CMV - The Configurable Map Viewer](https://github.com/cmv/cmv-app) - CMV is a community-supported open source mapping framework. CMV works with the Esri JavaScript API, ArcGIS Server, ArcGIS Online and more.
* [Leaflet.MapboxVectorTile](https://github.com/SpatialServer/Leaflet.MapboxVectorTile) - A Leaflet Plugin that renders Mapbox Vector Tiles on HTML5 Canvas.
* [Flare Cluster Layer](https://github.com/nickcam/FlareClusterLayer) - ArcGIS javascript custom graphics layer. Creates clusters and creates flares for clusters.
* [Google Maps API Polyline String Decoder](https://github.com/mgd722/decode-google-maps-polyline) - Function that will convert encoded polyline strings (as returned by the Google Maps API) into a list of lat/lon pairs.
* [Mapzen Tangram](https://github.com/tangrams/tangram) - JavaScript library for rendering 2D & 3D maps live in a web browser with WebGL, supports MVT, GeoJSON, TopoJSON.
* [GeoNode](http://geonode.org/) - A web-based application and platform for developing geospatial information systems (GIS) and for deploying spatial data infrastructures (SDI).
* [azure-maps-geolocation-control](https://github.com/Azure-Samples/azure-maps-geolocation-control) - An Azure Maps Web SDK module that provides a control that uses the browser's geolocation API to locate the user on the map.
* [azure-maps-gridded-data-source](https://github.com/Azure-Samples/azure-maps-gridded-data-source) - A module for the Azure Maps Web SDK that provides a data source that clusters data points into cells of a grid area.
* [azure-maps-fullscreen-control](https://github.com/Azure-Samples/azure-maps-fullscreen-control) - An Azure Maps Web SDK module that provides a control to display the map in fullscreen mode.
* [azure-maps-selection-control](https://github.com/Azure-Samples/azure-maps-selection-control) - An Azure Maps Web SDK module that provides controls for selecting data in a data source using drawing tools or by requesting a route range polygon.
* [azure-maps-swipe-map](https://github.com/Azure-Samples/azure-maps-swipe-map) - A module for the Azure Maps Web SDK that allows swiping between two overlapping maps, ideal for comparing two overlapping data sets.
* [azure-maps-sync-maps](https://github.com/Azure-Samples/azure-maps-sync-maps) - An Azure Maps Web SDK module that synchronizes the cameras of two or more maps.
* [azure-maps-services-ui](https://github.com/Azure-Samples/azure-maps-services-ui) - A set of web UI controls that wrap the Azure Maps REST services.
* [MapProxy](http://mapproxy.org/) - An open source tile server proxy for geospatial data (WMS-C, TMS, WMTS, KML SuperOverlays). It caches, accelerates and transforms data from existing map services and serves any desktop or web GIS client.
* [MapGuide](https://mapguide.osgeo.org/) - Runs on Linux or Windows, supports Apache and IIS web servers, and has APIs (PHP, .NET, Java, and JavaScript) for application development.
* [PGRestAPI](https://github.com/spatialdev/PGRestAPI) - Node.js REST API for PostGres Spatial Entities. AKA: SpatialServer.
* [utilery](https://github.com/tilery/utilery) - Micro vector tile manufacturing from PostGIS.
* [Deegree](http://www.deegree.org/) - Open source software for spatial data infrastructures and the geospatial web. Deegree offers components for geospatial data management, including data access, visualization, discovery and security. Open standards are at the heart of Deegree. It supports WMS, WFS for Catalogue Service, WCS, WPS, WMTS.
* [52North WPS](http://52north.org/communities/geoprocessing/wps/index.html) - The 52°North Web Processing Service (WPS) enables the deployment of geo-processes on the web in a standardized way. It features a pluggable architecture for processes and data encodings. The implementation is based on the current OpenGIS specification: 05-007r7. Its focus was the creation of an extensible framework to provide algorithms for generalization on the web.
* [Zoo Project WPS](http://www.zoo-project.org/) - A WPS (Web Processing Service) implementation written in C, Python and JavaScript. It is an open source platform which implements the WPS 1.0.0 and WPS 2.0.0 standards edited by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). It provides a developer-friendly framework for creating and chaining WPS compliant Web Services.
* [GAMMA](http://www.gamma-rs.ch/no_cache/software.html) - Allows processing of SAR, interferometric SAR (InSAR) and differential interferometric SAR (DInSAR).
* [Sentinel Toolboxes](https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/toolboxes) - Free open source toolboxes for the scientific exploitation of the Sentinel missions.
* [NANSAT](https://github.com/nansencenter/nansat) - Nansat is a scientist friendly Python toolbox for processing 2D satellite earth observation data.
* [PyRate](https://github.com/GeoscienceAustralia/PyRate) - A Python tool for estimating velocity and time-series from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data.
* [SARPROZ](https://www.sarproz.com/) - Implements a wide range of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Interferometric SAR (InSAR) and Multi-Temporal InSAR processing techniques.
* [GIAnT](http://earthdef.caltech.edu/projects/giant/wiki) - Python libraries and scripts that implement various published time-series InSAR algorithms in a common framework.
* [LiCSBAS](https://github.com/yumorishita/LiCSBAS) - LiCSBAS is an open-source package in Python and bash to carry out InSAR time series analysis using LiCSAR products.
* [LAStools](http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/) - A collection of highly-efficient, scriptable tools with multi-core batching that process LAS, compressed LAZ, Terrasolid BIN, .shp, and ASCII.
* [FullAnalyze](https://code.google.com/archive/p/fullanalyze/) - Handling, visualizing and processing lidar data (3D point clouds and waveforms).
* [DielmoOpenLidar](http://www.dielmo.com/eng/ficha-tecnologia-software.php?prod=21) - Open source software based in gvSIG for the management of LiDAR data.
* [Global Mapper Lidar Module](https://www.bluemarblegeo.com/products/global-mapper-lidar.php) - Lidar module for Global Mapper.
* [rGEDI](https://github.com/carlos-alberto-silva/rGEDI) - An R Package for NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Data Visualization and Processing.
* [pyGEDI](https://github.com/EduinHSERNA/pyGEDI) - pyGEDI provides a high performance, lower cognitive load, and cleaner and more transparent code for data extraction, analysis, processing, and visualization of GEDI's products.
* [Skyline](http://www.skylineglobe.com/SkylineGlobe/corporate/Default.aspx?) - A glimpse into Skyline's cutting-edge 3D geospatial visualization products, and their potential to transform the way your organization makes decisions, shares information and manages its assets
* [CityEngine](http://www.esri.com/software/cityengine/) - Transform 2D GIS Data into Smart 3D City Models
* [ArcGIS Earth](http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis-earth) - Display data, sketch placemarks, measure distances and areas, and add annotations at any part of the world
* [World Wind](http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/) - Providing features for displaying with geographic data
* [Google Earth](http://earth.google.com/) - Bringing a earth view for global mapping
* [3dfier](https://github.com/tudelft3d/3dfier) - The open-source tool for creation of 3D models.
* [ARCSI](https://www.arcsi.remotesensing.info/) - The Atmospheric and Radiometric Correction of Satellite Imagery (ARCSI) software provides a command line tool for the generation of Analysis Ready Data (ARD) optical data including atmospheric correction, cloud masking, topographic correction etc.
* [Py6S](https://py6s.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) - Py6S is a interface to the Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) atmospheric Radiative Transfer Model through the Python programming language.
* [6S_emulator](https://github.com/samsammurphy/6S_emulator) - The 6S emulator is an open-source atmospheric correction tool. It is based on the 6S radiative transfer model but it runs 100x faster with minimal additional error (i.e. <0.5%).
* [sen2cor](http://step.esa.int/main/third-party-plugins-2/sen2cor/) - is a processor for Sentinel-2 Level 2A product generation and formatting; it performs the atmospheric-, terrain and cirrus correction of Top-Of- Atmosphere Level 1C input data.
* [Mesa](https://github.com/projectmesa/mesa) - Mesa is an Apache2 licensed agent-based modeling (or ABM) framework in Python.
* [NetLogo](https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/) - NetLogo is a multi-agent programmable modeling environment.
* [Repast](https://repast.github.io/) - The Repast Suite is a family of advanced, free, and open source agent-based modeling and simulation platforms.
* [MASON](https://cs.gmu.edu/~eclab/projects/mason/) - MASON is a fast discrete-event multiagent simulation library core in Java, designed to be the foundation for large custom-purpose Java simulations, and also to provide more than enough functionality for many lightweight simulation needs. MASON contains both a model library and an optional suite of visualization tools in 2D and 3D.
* [DMASON](https://github.com/isislab-unisa/dmason) - DMASON is a parallel version of the MASON library for writing and running simulations of Agent based simulation models.
* [SpaDES](https://spades.predictiveecology.org/) - Metapackage for implementing a variety of event-based models, with a focus on spatially explicit models. These include raster-based, event-based, and agent-based models.
* [Fragstats](https://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html) - Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps.
* [landscapemetrics](https://github.com/r-spatialecology/landscapemetrics) - landscapemetrics is an R package for calculating landscape metrics for categorical landscape patterns in a tidy workflow.
* [LS_METRICS](https://github.com/LEEClab/LS_METRICS) - A tool for calculating landscape connectivity and other ecologically scaled landscape metrics
* [Makurhini](https://github.com/connectscape/Makurhini) - R package for calculating fragmentation and landscape connectivity indices used in conservation planning.
* [prioritizr](https://github.com/prioritizr/prioritizr) - R package that uses integer linear programming (ILP) techniques to provide a flexible interface for building and solving conservation planning problems.
* [MARXAN](https://marxansolutions.org/) - Marxan is freely available conservation planning software. It provides decision support to a range of conservation planning problems, including the design of new reserve systems, reporting on the performance of existing reserve systems, and developing multiple-use zoning plans for natural resource management.
* [InVEST](https://naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu/software/invest) - InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) is a suite of models used to map and value the goods and services from nature that sustain and fulfill human life.
* [GLOBIOM](https://iiasa.ac.at/web/home/research/GLOBIOM/GLOBIOM.html) - Global Biosphere Management Model (GLOBIOM) is used to analyze the competition for land use between agriculture, forestry, and bioenergy, which are the main land-based production sectors.
* [Zonation](http://conservationcorridor.org/corridor-toolbox/programs-and-tools/zonation/) - Zonation produces a hierarchical prioritization of the landscape based on the occurrence levels of biodiversity features in sites (cells) by iteratively removing the least valuable remaining cell while accounting for connectivity and generalized complementarity.
* [CSV2GEO](https://csv2geo.com) - Batch geocoder using excel/csv file, text or API as an input and get latitude, longitude and an interactive map as output.
* [Fulcrum](http://www.fulcrumapp.com/) - A mobile data collection platform that allows you to build, deploy, & collect field data with your own customizable data collection apps.
* [ee-rgb-timeseries](https://github.com/jdbcode/ee-rgb-timeseries) - Earth Engine JS module to color time series chart points as stretched 3-band RGB.
* [earthEngineGrabR](https://github.com/JesJehle/earthEngineGrabR) - The earthEngineGrabR is an interface between R and the Google Earth Engine, which simplifies the acquisition of remote sensing data.
* [SIMRDWN](https://github.com/avanetten/simrdwn) - The Satellite Imagery Multiscale Rapid Detection with Windowed Networks (SIMRDWN) codebase combines some of the leading object detection algorithms into a unified framework designed to detect objects both large and small in overhead imagery.
* [Temporal Convolutional Neural Network](https://github.com/charlotte-pel/temporalCNN) - Temporal Convolutional Neural Network for the Classification of Satellite Image Time Series.
* [PixelLib](https://github.com/ayoolaolafenwa/PixelLib) - Pixellib is a library for performing segmentation of images. It suports both Semantic Segmentation as Instance Segmentation.
* [mmsegmentation](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation) - MMSegmentation is an open source semantic segmentation toolbox based on PyTorch. It is a part of the OpenMMLab project.
* [AIDE](https://github.com/microsoft/aerial_wildlife_detection) - Annotation Interface for Data-driven Ecology: Tools for detecting wildlife in aerial images using active learning
* [EODAG](https://eodag.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) - Command line tool and a plugin-oriented Python framework for searching, aggregating results and downloading remote sensed images while offering a unified API for data access regardless of the data provider.
* [RSGISLib](http://www.rsgislib.org/) - The Remote Sensing and GIS software library (RSGISLib) is a collection of tools for processing remote sensing and GIS datasets. The tools are accessed using Python bindings or an XML interface.
* [Rasterio](https://github.com/mapbox/rasterio) - Rasterio employs GDAL under the hood for file I/O and raster formatting.
* [Fiona](https://fiona.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) - For making it easy to read/write geospatial data formats.
* [Rasterstats](https://github.com/perrygeo/python-rasterstats/) - Python module for summarizing geospatial raster datasets based on vector geometries.
* [GeoDjango](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/contrib/gis/) - Django geographic web framework.
* [Landsat-util](https://github.com/developmentseed/landsat-util) - Landsat-util is a command line utility that makes it easy to search, download, and process Landsat imagery.
* [ArcGIS Python API](https://developers.arcgis.com/python/) - ArcGIS API for Python is a Python library for working with maps and geospatial data, powered by web GIS.
* [xarray](http://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable/) - xarray (formerly xray) is an open source project and Python package that aims to bring the labeled data power of pandas to the physical sciences, by providing N-dimensional variants of the core pandas data structures.
* [xarray-spatial](https://github.com/makepath/xarray-spatial) - xarray-spatial implements common raster analysis functions using Numba and provides an easy-to-install, easy-to-extend codebase for raster analysis.
* [MovingPandas](https://github.com/anitagraser/movingpandas) - MovingPandas implements a Trajectory class and corresponding methods based on GeoPandas.
* [NodeBox-opengl](http://www.cityinabottle.org/nodebox/) - For playing around with animations.
* [Statsmodels](http://statsmodels.sourceforge.net/) - Python module that allows users to explore data, estimate statistical models, and perform statistical tests.
* [geopy](https://github.com/geopy/geopy) - geopy is a Python 2 and 3 client for several popular geocoding web services.
* [FreeType](https://code.google.com/archive/p/freetype-py/) - For converting font glyphs to polygons.
* [Descartes](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/descartes) - Plot geometries in matplotlib.
* [PyShp](https://code.google.com/archive/p/pyshp/) - For reading and writing shapefiles.
* [PyProj](https://github.com/jswhit/pyproj) - For conversions between projections.
* [Pyncf](https://github.com/karimbahgat/pyncf) - Pure Python NetCDF file reading and writing.
* [chupaESRI](https://github.com/johnjreiser/chupaESRI) - ChupaESRI is a Python module/command line tool to extract features from ArcGIS Server map services.
* [geojsonio.py](https://github.com/jwass/geojsonio.py) - Open GeoJSON data on geojson.io from Python. geojsonio.py also contains a command line utility that is a Python port of geojsonio-cli.
* [Ogcserver](https://github.com/mapnik/OGCServer) - Python WMS implementation using Mapnik.
* [Scikit-image](http://scikit-image.org/) - Scikit-image is a collection of algorithms for image processing.
* [pyWPS](http://pywps.org/) - An implementation of the Web Processing Service standard from the Open Geospatial Consortium. PyWPS is written in Python. It enables integration, publishing and execution of Python processes via the WPS standard.
* [pyCSW](http://pycsw.org/) - Fully implements the OpenGIS Catalogue Service Implementation Specification (Catalogue Service for the Web). Initial development started in 2010 (more formally announced in 2011). The project is certified OGC Compliant, and is an OGC Reference Implementation.
* [rio-hist](https://github.com/mapbox/rio-hist) - Histogram matching plugin for rasterio.
* [rio-color](https://github.com/mapbox/rio-color) - Color correction plugin for rasterio.
* [geojson-area](https://github.com/scisco/area) - Calculate the area inside of any GeoJSON geometry. This is a port of Mapbox's geojson-area for Python.
* [Peartree](https://github.com/kuanb/peartree) - Peartree: A library for converting transit data into a directed graph for network analysis.
* [Mahotas](https://github.com/luispedro/mahotas) - Mahotas is a library of fast computer vision algorithms (all implemented in C++ for speed) operating over numpy arrays.
* [Mahotas-imread](https://github.com/luispedro/imread) - Read images to numpy arrays.
* [Verde](https://github.com/fatiando/verde) - Verde is a Python library for processing spatial data (bathymetry, geophysics surveys, etc) and interpolating it on regular grids (i.e., gridding).
* [gpdvega](https://github.com/iliatimofeev/gpdvega) - gpdvega is a bridge between GeoPandas and Altair that allows to seamlessly chart geospatial data.
* [Centroids](https://github.com/lyzidiamond/centroids) - This application reads a valid geojson FeatureCollection and returns a valid geojson FeatureColleciton of centroids.
* [ts-raster](https://github.com/adbeda/ts-raster) - ts-raster is a python package for analyzing time-series characteristics from raster data. It allows feature extraction, dimension reduction and applications of machine learning techniques for geospatial data.
* [YATSM](https://github.com/ceholden/yatsm) - Yet Another Timeseries Model (YATSM) is a Python package for utilizing a collection of timeseries algorithms and methods designed to monitor the land surface using remotely sensed imagery.
* [RIOS](https://bitbucket.org/chchrsc/rios/overview) - Raster I/O Simplification. A set of python modules which makes it easy to write raster processing code in Python.
* [satpy](https://satpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) - Satpy is a python library for reading, manipulating, and writing data from remote-sensing earth-observing meteorological satellite instruments.
* [RasterFrames](https://github.com/locationtech/rasterframes) - RasterFrames brings together Earth-observation (EO) data access, cloud computing, and DataFrame-based data science.
* [cog_validator](https://github.com/rouault/cog_validator) - This is a standalone (Python / Flask) service that allows users to submit GeoTIFF files (preferably by URL) and check their compliance with the Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) specification.
* [Planet Movement](https://github.com/rhammell/planet-movement) - Python module enables the searching and processing of Planet imagery to highlight object movement between valid image pairs.
* [orbit-predictor](https://github.com/satellogic/orbit-predictor) - Orbit Predictor is a Python library to propagate orbits of Earth-orbiting objects (satellites, ISS, Santa Claus, etc) using TLE (Two-Line Elements set).
* [telluric](https://github.com/satellogic/telluric) - telluric is a Python library to manage vector and raster geospatial data in an interactive and easy way.
* [S2P - Satellite Stereo Pipeline](https://github.com/cmla/s2p) - S2P is a Python library and command line tool that implements a stereo pipeline which produces elevation models from images taken by high resolution satellites.
* [CoastSat](https://github.com/kvos/CoastSat) - CoastSat is an open-source software toolkit written in Python that enables users to obtain time-series of shoreline position at any coastline worldwide from 30+ years (and growing) of publicly available satellite imagery.
* [Turfpy](https://github.com/omanges/turfpy) - This is Python library for performing geo spatial data analysis. This is an python alternative for turf.js.
* [PODPAC](https://podpac.org/) - PODPAC is a python library that builds on the scientific python ecosystem to enable simple, reproducible geospatial analyses that run locally or in the cloud.
* [pyDEM](https://github.com/creare-com/pydem) - Python library for Global Hydrology Analysis. Used to calculate upstream contributing area, aspect, slope, and topographic wetness index.
* [autoRIFT](https://github.com/leiyangleon/autoRIFT) - Python module of a fast and intelligent algorithm for finding the pixel displacement between two images.
* [GeoWebCache](http://www.geowebcache.org/) - a Java web application used to cache map tiles coming from a variety of sources such as OGC Web Map Service (WMS). It implements various service interfaces (such as WMS-C, WMTS, TMS, Google Maps KML, Virtual Earth) in order to accelerate and optimize map image delivery. It can also recombine tiles to work with regular WMS clients.
* [GeOxygene](https://sourceforge.net/projects/oxygene-project/) - Provide an open framework which implements OGC/ISO specifications for the development and deployment of GIS applications.
* [Gisgraphy](http://www.gisgraphy.com/) - Open source framework that offers the ability to do geolocalisation and geocoding via Java APIs or REST webservices.
* [Spatial4j](https://github.com/locationtech/spatial4j) - Spatial4j is a general purpose geospatial ASL licensed open-source Java library.
* [Geoapi](http://www.geoapi.org/) - GeoAPI provides a set of Java language programming interfaces for geospatial applications.
* [Openmap](https://github.com/openmap-java/openmap) - Open Source JavaBeans-based programmer's toolkit.
* [Apache SIS](http://sis.apache.org/) - Apache Spatial Information System (SIS) is a free software, Java language library for developing geospatial applications.
* [World Wind Java SDK](http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/) - Nasa cross-platform Java SDK.
* [MapFish Print](http://mapfish.github.io/) - The purpose of Mapfish Print is to create reports that contain maps (and map related components) within them. The project is a Java based servlet/library/application based on the mature Jasper Reports Library.
* [asgbook](https://github.com/lakshmanok/asgbook) - Implementation of GIS/RS features in Java. Its also the code accompanying the book "Automating the Analysis of Spatial Grids" by Valliappa Lakshmanan.
* [whitebox-geospatial-analysis-tools](https://github.com/jblindsay/whitebox-geospatial-analysis-tools) - An open-source GIS and remote sensing package.
* [LuciadLightspeed](http://www.luciad.com/solutions/luciadlightspeed) - A Java library that provides the foundations for advanced geospatial analytics applications
* [GraphHopper Routing Engine](https://github.com/graphhopper/graphhopper) - GraphHopper is a fast and memory efficient Java routing engine, released under Apache License 2.0. By default it uses OpenStreetMap and GTFS data, but it can import other data sources.
* [geospatial-messenger](https://github.com/sdeleuze/geospatial-messenger) - Geospatial messenger application written with Spring Boot + Kotlin + PostgreSQL.
* [Windows UWP map control](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/xaml/dn642089.aspx) - The Bing Maps control built into the Windows UWP platform.
* [Bing Maps REST Toolkit](https://github.com/Microsoft/BingMapsRESTToolkit) - This is a portable class library which makes it easy to access the Bing Maps REST services from .NET.
* [Bing Maps Spatial Data Services Toolkit](https://github.com/Microsoft/BingMapsSDSToolkit) - This toolkit makes it easy to use the Bing Maps Spatial Data Services (SDS) in .NET.
* [Bing-Maps-Fleet-Tracker](https://github.com/Microsoft/Bing-Maps-Fleet-Tracker) - The Bing Maps Fleet Tracker is a tracking solution for small to medium sized teams. Easily track vehicles and mobile devices.
* [BotBuild-Location](https://github.com/Microsoft/BotBuilder-Location) - An open-source location picker control for Microsoft Bot Framework powered by Bing Maps REST services.
* [SharpMap](http://sharpmap.codeplex.com/) - SharpMap is an easy-to-use mapping library for use in web and desktop applications.
* [DotSpatial](https://dotspatial.codeplex.com/) - DotSpatial is a geographic information system library written for .NET 4.
* [NTS Net Topology Suite](https://github.com/NetTopologySuite/NetTopologySuite) - A .NET GIS solution that is fast and reliable for the .NET platform.
* [Mapbox Maps SDK for Unity](https://www.mapbox.com/unity-sdk/) - The Maps SDK for Unity is a collection of tools for building Unity applications from real map data.
* [Earth-Lens](https://github.com/Microsoft/Earth-Lens) - Earth Lens, a Microsoft Garage project is an iOS iPad application that helps people and organizations quickly identify and classify objects in aerial imagery through the power of machine learning.
* [DEM Net Elevation API](https://github.com/dem-net/DEM.Net) - 3D terrain generation library, provides access to global DEM datasets (OpenTopography, Nasa ASTER) and tiled imagery services. GlTF and STL export formats supported. [Live demo](https://elevationapi.com)
* [GEOS](https://trac.osgeo.org/geos/) - GEOS (Geometry Engine - Open Source) is a C++ port of the Java Topology Suite (JTS).
* [GDAL](http://www.gdal.org/) - Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) is a computer library that serve as a translator library for raster and vector geospatial data formats.
* [Boost Geometry](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_61_0/libs/geometry/doc/html/index.html) - Part of collection of the Boost C++ Libraries, defines concepts, primitives and algorithms for solving geometry problems.
* [Capaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capaware) - 3D terrain representation with multilayer representation.
* [libspatialindex](https://github.com/libspatialindex/libspatialindex) - C++ implementation of R*-tree, an MVR-tree and a TPR-tree with C API.
* [Spatial](https://sourceforge.net/projects/spatial/) - Spatial is a generic header-only C++ library providing multi-dimensional in-memory containers, iterators and functionals.
* [geojson-vt-cpp](https://github.com/mapbox/geojson-vt-cpp) - Port to C++ of JS GeoJSON-VT for slicing GeoJSON into vector tiles on the fly.
* [Supercluster](https://github.com/mapbox/supercluster.hpp) - A C++14 port of supercluster, a fast 2D point clustering library for use in interactive maps.
* [Mapbox GL Native](https://github.com/mapbox/mapbox-gl-native) - Render Mapbox styles in mobile, desktop, and node applications using C++ and OpenGL.
* [Mapzen Tangram-ES](https://github.com/tangrams/tangram-es) - C++ library for rendering 2D and 3D maps using OpenGL ES 2 with custom styling and interactions
* [Mapnik Vector Tile](https://github.com/mapbox/mapnik-vector-tile) - Mapnik C++ implemention of Mapbox Vector Tile specification.
* [Vector Tiles Producer](https://github.com/vross/vector-tiles-producer) - Command line tool in C++ to creates vector tiles for a given area at chosen zoom levels using a Mapnik XML.
* [libGeoTiff](https://trac.osgeo.org/geotiff/) - Manipulate TIFF based interchange format for georeferenced raster imagery.
* [Orfeo ToolBox](https://www.orfeo-toolbox.org/) - Orfeo TooLBox (OTB) is an open-source C++ library for remote sensing images processing, distributed under the CeCILL-v2 licence.
* [ITK](https://itk.org/) - ITK is an open-source, cross-platform system that provides developers with an extensive suite of software tools for image analysis.
* [RSGISLib](https://bitbucket.org/petebunting/rsgislib/src/bf7933996822?at=default) - The Remote Sensing and GIS software library (RSGISLib) is a collection of tools for processing remote sensing and GIS datasets. The tools are accessed using Python bindings or an XML interface.
* [OSRM (Open Source Routing Machine)](http://project-osrm.org/) - High performance routing engine written in C++, designed to run on OpenStreetMap data. Services available: Nearest, Route, Table, Match, Trip, Tile.
* [OpenOrienteering Mapper](https://github.com/OpenOrienteering/mapper) - OpenOrienteering Mapper is a software for creating maps for the orienteering sport.
* [TauDEM](https://github.com/dtarb/TauDEM) - Terrain Analysis Using Digital Elevation Models (TauDEM) software for hydrologic terrain analysis and channel network extraction.
* [osgearth](https://github.com/gwaldron/osgearth) - A free open source C++ geospatial toolkit.
* [dreich_algorithm](https://github.com/csdms-contrib/dreich_algorithm) - Algorithm for extracting channel networks from high resolution topographic data.
* [LASzip](https://github.com/LASzip/LASzip) - Quickly turns bulky LAS files into compact LAZ files without information loss.
* [laz-perf](https://github.com/hobu/laz-perf) - Alternative LAZ implementation for C++ and JavaScript.
* [entwine](https://github.com/connormanning/entwine) - Entwine is a data organization library for massive point clouds, designed to conquer datasets of hundreds of billions of points as well as desktop-scale point clouds.
* [OpenDroneMap](https://github.com/OpenDroneMap/OpenDroneMap) - OpenDroneMap is a tool to postprocess drone, balloon, kite, and street view data to geographic data including orthophotos, point clouds, & textured mesh.
* [TIN Terrain](https://github.com/heremaps/tin-terrain) - A command-line tool for converting heightmaps in GeoTIFF format into tiled optimized meshes.
* [Halide](https://github.com/halide/Halide) - Halide is a programming language designed to make it easier to write high-performance image processing code on modern machines.
* [gdalcubes](https://github.com/appelmar/gdalcubes) - gdalcubes is a library to represent collections of Earth Observation (EO) images as on demand data cubes (or multidimensional arrays).
* [prepair](https://github.com/tudelft3d/prepair) - Automatic repair of single polygons (according to the OGC Simple Features / ISO19107 rules) using a constrained triangulation.
* [pprepair](https://github.com/tudelft3d/pprepair) - Validation and Automatic Repair of Planar Partitions.
* [VROOM](https://github.com/VROOM-Project/vroom) - VROOM is an open-source optimization engine written in C++17 that aim at providing good solutions to various real-life vehicle routing problems (VRP) within a small computing time.
* [Shapefile C Library](http://shapelib.maptools.org/) - Provides the ability to write simple C programs for reading, writing and updating (to a limited extent) .shp and .dbf files.
* [Datamaps](https://github.com/ericfischer/datamaps) - This is a tool for indexing large lists of geographic points or lines and dynamically generating map tiles from the index for display.
* [libpostal](https://github.com/openvenues/libpostal) - A C library for parsing/normalizing street addresses around the world. Powered by statistical NLP and open geo data.
* [S2](https://github.com/golang/geo) - S2 is a library for spherical geometry that aims to have the same robustness, flexibility, and performance as the best planar geometry libraries.
* [BuntDB](https://github.com/tidwall/buntdb) - BuntDB is an embeddable, in-memory key/value database for Go with custom indexing and geospatial support.
* [Go GDAL](https://github.com/lukeroth/gdal) - Go (golang) wrapper for GDAL, the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library.
* [Go-shp](https://github.com/jonas-p/go-shp) - Go library for reading and writing ESRI Shapefiles. Pure Golang implementation based on the ESRI Shapefile technical description.
* [Go-proj-4](https://github.com/pebbe/go-proj-4) - Go bindings for the Cartographic Projections Library PROJ.4.
* [Draw2D](https://github.com/llgcode/draw2d) - 2D rendering for different output (raster, pdf).
* [Tegola](https://github.com/go-spatial/tegola) - Tegola is a vector tile server delivering Mapbox Vector Tiles with support for PostGIS and GeoPackage data providers.
* [pg_tileserv](https://github.com/CrunchyData/pg_tileserv) - A very thin PostGIS-only tile server in Go. Takes in HTTP tile requests, executes SQL, returns MVT tiles.
* [pg_featureserv](https://github.com/CrunchyData/pg_featureserv) - Lightweight RESTful Geospatial Feature Server for PostGIS in Go.
* [rust-geos](https://github.com/georust/geos) - Rust bindings for GEOS C API.
* [rust-netcdf](https://github.com/georust/netcdf) - Medium-level netCDF bindings for Rust, allowing easy reading and writing of array-like structures to a file.
* [Martin](https://github.com/urbica/martin) - Martin is a PostGIS vector tiles server suitable for large databases. Martin is written in Rust using Actix web framework.
* [A/B Street](https://github.com/dabreegster/abstreet) - A traffic simulation game exploring how small changes to roads affect cyclists, transit users, pedestrians, and drivers.
* [Geokit](http://geokit.rubyforge.org/) - A Ruby gem & Rails plugin for easier map-based applications.
* [Rgeo](https://github.com/rgeo/rgeo) - RGeo is a geospatial data library for Ruby. It provides an implementation of the Open Geospatial Consortium's Simple Features Specification
* [Rgeo Shapefile](https://github.com/rgeo/rgeo-shapefile) - Optional module for RGeo for reading geospatial data from ESRI shapefiles.
* [Rgeo GeoJSON](https://github.com/rgeo/rgeo-geojson) - RGeo component for reading and writing GeoJSON.
* [TerraME](http://www.terrame.org/doku.php) - TerraME is a programming environment for spatial dynamical modelling. It supports cellular automata, agent-based models, and network models running in 2D cell spaces.
* [Tarantool/GIS](https://github.com/tarantool/gis) - A full-featured geospatial extension for Tarantool.
* [geo.lua](https://github.com/RedisLabs/geo.lua) - A helper library for Redis geospatial indices.
* [TerraHS](https://wiki.haskell.org/TerraHS) - TerraHS is a software component that enables the development of geographical applications in a functional language, using the data handling capabilities and spatial operations of TerraLib.
* [HGeometry](https://github.com/noinia/hgeometry) - HGeometry is a library for computing with geometric objects in Haskell. It defines basic geometric types and primitives, and it implements some geometric data structures and algorithms.
* [MapboxDirections.swift](https://github.com/mapbox/MapboxDirections.swift) - Traffic-aware directions in Swift or Objective-C on iOS, macOS, tvOS, and watchOS.
* [Mapbox Navigation SDK for iOS](https://github.com/mapbox/mapbox-navigation-ios) - Turn-by-turn navigation logic and UI in Swift or Objective-C on iOS.
* [Apple MapKit](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/mapkit) - Display map or satellite imagery directly from your app's interface, call out points of interest, and determine placemark information for map coordinates.
* [fulgurite](https://github.com/SatelliteApplicationsCatapult/fulgurite) - Fulgurite is a way to use Apache Spark to process GeoTIFF images in a distributed way.
* [DSpatial](http://dspatial.sourceforge.net/) - DSpatial is an Open Source software development project to provide developers using Delphi with a library of tools for the use, manipulation, and visualization of spatial data.
* [LandTrendr](https://github.com/KennedyResearch/LandTrendr-2012) - LandTrendr (Landsat-based Detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery) attempt to capture, label, and map changes in Earth's surface for use in science, natural resource management, and education.
* [RasterIO.jl](https://github.com/wkearn/RasterIO.jl) - Simple Raster Formats for Julia.
* [OpenStreetMaps.jl](https://github.com/tedsteiner/OpenStreetMap.jl) - This package provides basic functionality for parsing, viewing, and working with OpenStreetMap map data.
* [GDALfuns.jl](https://github.com/meggart/GDALfuns.jl) - Auto-generated low-level wrapper for the GDAL library.
* [JuliaGIS](https://github.com/wkearn/GIS.jl) - A package for the visualization and manipulation of geographic data.
* [LibGEOS.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeometry/LibGEOS.jl) - LibGEOS is a LGPL-licensed package for manipulation and analysis of planar geometric objects, based on the libraries GEOS (the engine of PostGIS) and JTS (from which GEOS is ported).
* [LibLAS.jl](https://github.com/visr/LibLAS.jl) - Julia wrapper for LibLAS, a library for reading and writing the LAS LiDAR format.
* [GeoJSON.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeo/GeoJSON.jl) - This library is developed independently of, but is heavily influenced in design by the python-geojson package.
* [Turf.jl](https://github.com/yeesian/Turf.jl) - This library is a port of Turf.js to the Julia programming language for geospatial analysis.
* [Images.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/Images.jl) - An image processing library for Julia.
* [Proj4.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeo/Proj4.jl) - A simple wrapper around the Proj.4 cartographic projections library.
* [Geodesy.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeo/Geodesy.jl) - Work with points defined in various coordinate systems.
* [Shapefile.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeo/Shapefile.jl) - Parsing .shp files in Julia.
* [NetCDF.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeo/NetCDF.jl) - NetCDF support for the julia programming language.
* [GeoInterface.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeo/GeoInterface.jl) - A Julia Protocol for Geospatial Data.
* [GeoStatsImages.jl](https://github.com/juliohm/GeoStatsImages.jl) - Training images for geostastical simulation in Julia.
* [DataFrames.jl](https://github.com/JuliaStats/DataFrames.jl) - Tools for working with tabular data in Julia.
* [VoronoiDelaunay.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeometry/VoronoiDelaunay.jl) - Fast, robust construction of 2D Delaunay and Voronoi tessellations on generic point types.
* [EcologicalNetwork.jl](https://github.com/PoisotLab/EcologicalNetwork.jl) - This julia package provides a common interface to analyze all types of data on ecological networks.
* [ClimateTools.jl](https://github.com/Balinus/ClimateTools.jl) - Collection of commonly-used tools in Climate Science.
* [Interpolations.jl](https://github.com/juliohm/Interpolations.jl) - This package implements a variety of interpolation schemes for the Julia language.
* [NMEA.jl](https://github.com/zznop/NMEA.jl) - NMEA.jl is a package for parsing NMEA GPS protocol sentences.
* [ImageSegmentation.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/ImageSegmentation.jl) - Julia package for multiple Image Segmentation Algorithms.
* [ImageMorphology.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/ImageMorphology.jl) - This package provides morphology-related functionality to the Images.jl project.
* [ImageFiltering.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/ImageFiltering.jl) - ImageFiltering implements blurring, sharpening, gradient computation, and other linear filtering operations, as well nonlinear filters like min/max.
* [ImageTransformations.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/ImageTransformations.jl/tree/master/src) - This package provides support for image resizing, image rotation, and other spatial transformations of arrays.
* [ImageMetadata.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/ImageMetadata.jl) - ImageMetadata is a simple package providing utilities for working with images that have metadata attached.
* [Tinker.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/Tinker.jl) - Interactive graphical tool for complex image analysis.
* [ImageFeatures.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/ImageFeatures.jl) - Image feature detection for the Julia language.
* [LibSpatialIndex.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeo/LibSpatialIndex.jl) - A library for spatially indexing kD bounding box data (based on libspatialindex).
* [Heatmap.js](https://www.patrick-wied.at/static/heatmapjs/) - A heatmap implementation for Javascript.
* [Thermo.js](https://github.com/dazuma/thermo.js) - Another heatmap implementation for Javascript.
* [Heatcanvas.js](https://github.com/sunng87/heatcanvas) - Yet another heatmap implementation for Javascript.
* [GeoExt](https://geoext.github.io/geoext3/) - Open Source and enables building desktop-like GIS applications through the web. It is a JavaScript framework that combines the GIS functionality of OpenLayers with the user interface of the ExtJS library provided by Sencha.
* [iTowns](http://www.itowns-project.org/) - A Three.js-based framework written in Javascript/WebGL for visualizing 3D geospatial data. It can connect to WMS/WMTS/TMS servers including elevation data and load many different data formats (3dTiles, gpx, KML and much much more).
* [proj4js](https://github.com/proj4js/proj4js) - JavaScript library to transform coordinates from one coordinate system to another, including datum transformations.
* [NASA WebWorldWind](https://github.com/NASAWorldWind/WebWorldWind) - The NASA WorldWind Javascript SDK (WebWW) includes the library and examples for creating geo-browser web applications and for embedding a 3D globe in HTML5 web pages.
* [LuciadRIA](http://www.luciad.com/solutions/luciadria) - A JavaScript library for 3D globes and maps, with support for military symbology and desktop-like performance
* [kepler.gl](https://uber.github.io/kepler.gl/#/) - kepler.gl is a data-agnostic, high-performance web-based application for visual exploration of large-scale geolocation data sets.
* [Geokit](https://github.com/developmentseed/geokit) - Geokit is a command-line interface (CLI) tool written in javascript, that contains all the basic functionalities for measurements, conversions and operations of geojson files.
* [TileStrata](https://github.com/naturalatlas/tilestrata) - A pluggable Node.js map tile server.
* [tilestrata-mapnik](https://github.com/naturalatlas/tilestrata-mapnik) - TileStrata provider for rendering tiles with mapnik.
* [TileMantle](https://github.com/naturalatlas/tilemantle) - A tool to warm up your tile server cache. Give it a URL template, geometry, and list of zoom levels and it will request tiles incrementally to warm it up.
* [landspeed.js](https://github.com/springmeyer/landspeed.js) - WMS server using node-mapnik.
* [tilelive-postgis](https://github.com/stepankuzmin/tilelive-postgis) - Implements the tilelive API for generating mapnik vector tiles from PostGIS.
* [GeoPackage.js](https://github.com/ngageoint/geopackage-js) - GeoPackage JS is an implementation of the OGC GeoPackage spec. This library works in both the browser and Node 4+.
* [Ginkgoch](https://ginkgoch.com) - Ginkgoch is a GIS visualization, analyze library on Node.js. It allows to build cross-platform GIS services, desktop and mobile apps.
* [leaflet-providers](https://github.com/leaflet-extras/leaflet-providers) - An extension to Leaflet that contains configurations for various free tile providers.
* [procedural-gl-js](https://github.com/felixpalmer/procedural-gl-js) - Procedural GL JS is a library for creating 3D map experiences on the web, written in JavaScript and WebGL. It is built on top THREE.js.
* [tmap](https://github.com/mtennekes/tmap) - R-library for drawing thematic maps. The API is based on A Layered Grammar of Graphics and resembles the syntax of ggplot2.
* [tmaptools](https://github.com/mtennekes/tmaptools) - This package offers a set of handy tool functions for reading and processing spatial data.
* [mapview](https://r-spatial.github.io/mapview/index.html) - mapview provides functions to very quickly and conveniently create interactive visualisations of spatial data.
* [ggmap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggmap/index.html) - Spatial Visualization with ggplot2.
* [rgeos](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgeos/index.html) - Interface to Geometry Engine - Open Source (GEOS) using the C API for topology operations on geometries.
* [rgrass7](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgrass7/index.html) - Interface Between GRASS 7 GIS and R.
* [Rnetcdf](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RNetCDF/index.html) - Interface to NetCDF Datasets.
* [ncdf4](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ncdf4/index.html) - Provides a high-level R interface to data files written using Unidata's netCDF library (version 4 or earlier).
* [smacpod](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/smacpod/index.html) - Various statistical methods for analyzing case-control point data.
* [DSpat](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DSpat/index.html) - Fits inhomogeneous Poisson process spatial models to line transect sampling data and provides estimate of abundance within a region.
* [spatialsegregation](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatialsegregation/index.html) - Summaries for measuring segregation/mingling in multitype spatial point patterns with graph based neighbourhood description.
* [dbmss](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/dbmss/index.html) - Simple computation of spatial statistic functions of distance to characterize the spatial structures of mapped objects.
* [latticeDensity](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/latticeDensity/index.html) - Contains functions that compute the lattice-based density estimator of Barry and McIntyre.
* [GriegSmith](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GriegSmith/index.html) - Uses the Grieg-Smith method on 2 dimensional spatial data.
* [micromap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/micromap/index.html) - Package provides linked micromaps using ggplot2.
* [Grid2Polygons](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Grid2Polygons/index.html) - Converts a spatial object from class SpatialGridDataFrame to SpatialPolygonsDataFrame.
* [recmap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/recmap/index.html) - Package provides rectangular cartograms with rectangle sizes reflecting for example population
* [geosphere](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geosphere/index.html) - Permits computations of distance and area to be carried out on spatial data in geographical coordinates.
* [spsurvey](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spsurvey/index.html) - Provides a range of sampling functions.
* [trip](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/trip/index.html) - Extends sp classes to permit the accessing and manipulating of spatial data for animal tracking.
* [GeoXp](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GeoXp/index.html) - Permits interactive graphical exploratory spatial data analysis.
* [vec2dtransf](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vec2dtransf/index.html) - Package for applying affine and similarity transformations on vector spatial data (sp objects).
* [spcosa](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spcosa/index.html) - Spatial coverage sampling and random sampling from compact geographical strata created by k-means.
* [dggridR](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/dggridR/index.html) - Provides an interface to DGGRID for working with discrete global grids, using hexagons, triangles, and diamonds to overcome the issue that every bin have the same area.
* [hdeco](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/hdeco/index.html) - Provides hierarchical decomposition of entropy for categorical map comparisons.
* [geojsonio](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geojsonio/index.html) - Convert data to 'GeoJSON' or 'TopoJSON' from various R classes, including vectors, lists, data frames, shape files, and spatial classes.
* [geoaxe](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geoaxe/index.html) - Split 'geospatial' objects into pieces. Includes support for some spatial object inputs, 'Well-Known Text', and 'GeoJSON'.
* [magclass](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/magclass/index.html) - Data class for increased interoperability working with spatial- temporal data together with corresponding functions and methods (conversions, basic calculations and basic data manipulation).
* [marmap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/marmap/index.html) - Package is designed for downloading, plotting and manipulating bathymetric and topographic data in R.
* [cshapes](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/cshapes/index.html) - Package for CShapes, a GIS dataset of country boundaries (1946-today). Includes functions for data extraction and the computation of distance matrices and -lists.
* [taRifx](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/taRifx/index.html) - A collection of various utility and convenience functions.
* [lawn](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lawn/index.html) - Client for 'Turfjs' for 'geospatial' analysis. The package revolves around using 'GeoJSON' data.
* [osmar](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/osmar/index.html) - Provides infrastructure to access OpenStreetMap data from different sources.
* [gmt](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gmt/index.html) - Interface between the GMT map-making software and R.
* [RColorBrewer](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RColorBrewer/index.html) - Provides color schemes for maps and other graphics.
* [classInt](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/classInt/index.html) - Selected commonly used methods for choosing univariate class intervals for mapping or other graphics purposes.
* [plotGoogleMaps](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/plotGoogleMaps/index.html) - Interactive plot device for handling the geographic data for web browsers.
* [ggsn](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggsn/index.html) - Adds north symbols and scale bars in kilometers to maps in geographic or metric coordinates.
* [spatgraphs](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatgraphs/index.html) - Graphs (or networks) and graph component calculations for spatial locations
* [geoRglm](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geoRglm/index.html) - Functions for inference in generalised linear spatial models.
* [FRK](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/FRK/index.html) - Is a tool for spatial/spatio-temporal modelling and prediction with large datasets.
* [geospt](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geospt/index.html) - Contains some geostatistical and radial basis functions, including prediction and cross validation.
* [RandomFields](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RandomFields/index.html) - Methods for the inference on and the simulation of Gaussian fields are provided, as well as methods for the simulation of extreme value random fields.
* [CompRandFld](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/CompRandFld/index.html) - A set of procedures for the analysis of Random Fields using likelihood and non-standard likelihood methods is provided.
* [constrainedKriging](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/constrainedKriging/index.html) - Provides functions for efficient computations of nonlinear spatial predictions with local change of support.
* [spTimer](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spTimer/index.html) - Fits, spatially predicts and temporally forecasts large amounts of space-time data.
* [SpatialTools](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SpatialTools/index.html) - Tools for spatial data analysis. Emphasis on kriging. Provides functions for prediction and simulation.
* [sperrorest](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sperrorest/index.html) - Implements spatial error estimation and permutation-based variable importance measures for predictive models using spatial cross-validation and spatial block bootstrap.
* [sgeostat](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sgeostat/index.html) - An Object-oriented Framework for Geostatistical Modeling in S+ containing functions for variogram estimation, variogram fitting and kriging as well as some plot functions.
* [spatialCovariance](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatialCovariance/index.html) - Supports the computation of spatial covariance matrices for data on rectangles.
* [tgp](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tgp/index.html) - Bayesian nonstationary, semiparametric nonlinear regression and design by treed Gaussian processes (GPs) with jumps to the limiting linear model (LLM).
* [regress](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/regress/index.html) - Functions to fit Gaussian linear model by maximising the residual log likelihood where the covariance structure can be written as a linear combination of known matrices.
* [FieldSim](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/FieldSim/index.html) - Tools for random fields and bridges simulations.
* [georob](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/georob/index.html) - Provides functions for fitting linear models with spatially correlated errors by robust and Gaussian Restricted Maximum Likelihood and for computing robust and customary point and block kriging predictions, along with utility functions for cross-validation and for unbiased back-transformation of kriging predictions of log-transformed data.
* [ExceedanceTools](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ExceedanceTools/index.html) - Tools for constructing confidence regions for exceedance regions and contour lines.
* [deldir](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/deldir/index.html) - Calculates the Delaunay triangulation and the Dirichlet or Voronoi tessellation (with respect to the entire plane) of a planar point set.
* [tripack](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tripack/index.html) - A constrained two-dimensional Delaunay triangulation package providing both triangulation and generation of voronoi mosaics of irregular spaced data.
* [ipdw](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ipdw/index.html) - Functions are provided to interpolate geo-referenced point data via Inverse Path Distance Weighting.
* [SSN](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SSN/index.html) - Spatial statistical modeling and prediction for data on stream networks, including models based on in-stream distance.
* [spmoran](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spmoran/index.html) - Functions for estimating fixed and random effects eigenvector spatial filtering models.
* [SpatialEpi](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SpatialEpi/index.html) - Methods and data for cluster detection and disease mapping.
* [OasisR](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/OasisR/index.html) - A set of indexes and tests for the analysis of social segregation.
* [smerc](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/smerc/index.html) - Provides statistical methods for the analysis of data areal data, with a focus on cluster detection.
* [gwrr](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gwrr/index.html) - Fits geographically weighted regression (GWR) models and has tools to diagnose and remediate collinearity in the GWR models.
* [lctools](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lctools/index.html) - Package provides researchers and educators with easy-to-learn user friendly tools for calculating key spatial statistics and to apply simple as well as advanced methods of spatial analysis in real data.
* [AMOEBA](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/AMOEBA/index.html) - A function to calculate spatial clusters using the Getis-Ord local statistic. It searches irregular clusters (ecotopes) on a map.
* [sparr](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sparr/index.html) - Provides functions to estimate kernel-smoothed spatial and spatio-temporal densities and relative risk functions, and perform subsequent inference.
* [glmmBUGS](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/glmmBUGS/index.html) - Automates running Generalized Linear Mixed Models, including spatial models, with WinBUGS, OpenBUGS and JAGS.
* [spaMM](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spaMM/index.html) - Inference in mixed-effect models, including generalized linear mixed models with spatial correlations and models with non-Gaussian random effects.
* [PReMiuM](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/PReMiuM/index.html) - Dirichlet Process Bayesian Clustering, Profile Regression.
* [spacom](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spacom/index.html) - Provides tools to construct and exploit spatially weighted context data.
* [geospacom](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geospacom/index.html) - Generates distance matrices from shape files and represents spatially weighted multilevel analysis results.
* [spBayesSurv](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spBayesSurv/index.html) - Bayesian Modeling and Analysis of Spatially Correlated Survival Data.
* [spselect](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spselect/index.html) - Fits spatial scale (SS) forward stepwise regression, SS incremental forward stagewise regression, SS least angle regression (LARS), and SS lasso models.
* [nlme](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/nlme/index.html) - Fit and compare Gaussian linear and nonlinear mixed-effects models.
* [spatcounts](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatcounts/index.html) - Fit spatial CAR count regression models using MCMC.
* [McSpatial](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/McSpatial/index.html) - Provides functions for locally weighted regression, semiparametric and conditionally parametric regression, fourier and cubic spline functions, GMM and linearized spatial logit and probit, k-density functions and counterfactuals, nonparametric quantile regression and conditional density functions, Machado-Mata decomposition for quantile regressions, spatial AR model, repeat sales models, and conditionally parametric logit and probit.
* [splm](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/splm/index.html) - ML and GM estimation and diagnostic testing of econometric models for spatial panel data.
* [S2sls](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/S2sls/index.html) - Fit a spatial instrumental-variable regression by two-stage least squares.
* [spanel](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spanel/index.html) - Fit the spatial panel data models: the fixed effects, random effects and between models.
* [HSAR](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/HSAR/index.html) - A library of the Hierarchical Spatial Autoregressive Model (HSAR), based on a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm.
* [spatialprobit](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatialprobit/index.html) - Bayesian Estimation of Spatial Probit and Tobit Models.
* [ProbitSpatial](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ProbitSpatial/index.html) - Binomial Spatial Probit models for big data.
* [starma](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/starma/index.html) - Statistical functions to identify, estimate and diagnose a Space-Time AutoRegressive Moving Average (STARMA) model.
* [ade4](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ade4/index.html) - Tools for multivariate data analysis. Several methods are provided for the analysis (i.e., ordination) of one-table (e.g., principal component analysis, correspondence analysis), two-table (e.g., coinertia analysis, redundancy analysis), three-table (e.g., RLQ analysis) and K-table (e.g., STATIS, multiple coinertia analysis).
* [adehabitat](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adehabitat/index.html) - A collection of tools for the analysis of habitat selection by animals.
* [adehabitatHR](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adehabitatHR/index.html) - A collection of tools for the estimation of animals home range.
* [adehabitatHS](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adehabitatHS/index.html) - A collection of tools for the analysis of habitat selection.
* [adehabitatLT](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adehabitatLT/index.html) - A collection of tools for the analysis of animal movements.
* [adehabitatMA](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adehabitatMA/index.html) - A collection of tools to deal with raster maps.
* [pastecs](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/pastecs/index.html) - Regulation, decomposition and analysis of space-time series.
* [vegan](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/index.html) - Ordination methods, diversity analysis and other functions for community and vegetation ecologists.
* [tripEstimation](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tripEstimation/index.html) - Data handling and estimation functions for animal movement estimation from archival or satellite tags.
* [spind](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spind/index.html) - Functions for spatial methods based on generalized estimating equations (GEE) and wavelet-revised methods (WRM), functions for scaling by wavelet multiresolution regression (WMRR), conducting multi-model inference, and stepwise model selection.
* [rangeMapper](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rangeMapper/index.html) - Tools for easy generation of (life-history) traits maps based on species range (extent-of-occurrence) maps.
* [siplab](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/siplab/index.html) - A platform for experimenting with spatially explicit individual-based vegetation models.
* [ModelMap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ModelMap/index.html) - Creates sophisticated models of training data and validates the models with an independent test set, cross validation, or in the case of Random Forest Models, with Out Of Bag (OOB) predictions on the training data.
* [SpatialPosition](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SpatialPosition/index.html) - Computes spatial position models: Stewart potentials, Reilly catchment areas, Huff catchment areas.
* [Watersheds](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Watersheds/index.html) - Methods for watersheds aggregation and spatial drainage network analysis.
* [Rcitrus](http://www.leg.ufpr.br/Rcitrus/) - Spatial analysis of plant disease incidence.
* [ngspatial](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ngspatial/index.html) - Provides tools for analyzing spatial data, especially non- Gaussian areal data.
* [bfastSpatial](https://github.com/loicdtx/bfastSpatial) - Package to pre-process gridded time-series data in order for them to be analyzed with change detection algorithms such as bfast. Uses classes from the raster package and includes utilities to run the algorithms and post-process the results.
* [teamlucc](https://github.com/azvoleff/teamlucc) - Is designed to facilitate analysis of land use and cover change (LUCC) around the monitoring sites of the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network.
* [RStoolbox](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RStoolbox/index.html) - Toolbox for remote sensing image processing and analysis such as calculating spectral indices, principal component transformation, unsupervised and supervised classification or fractional cover analyses.
* [getSpatialData](https://github.com/16EAGLE/getSpatialData) - An R package making it easy to query, preview, download and preprocess multiple kinds of spatial data via R.
* [landscapemetrics](https://github.com/r-spatialecology/landscapemetrics) - landscapemetrics is an R package for calculating landscape metrics for categorical landscape patterns in a tidy workflow.
* [rayshader](https://github.com/tylermorganwall/rayshader) - rayshader is an open source R package for producing 2D and 3D hillshaded maps of elevation matrices using a combination of raytracing, spherical texture mapping, and ambient occlusion.
* [Prioritizr](https://github.com/prioritizr/prioritizr) - The prioritizr R package uses integer linear programming (ILP) techniques to provide a flexible interface for building and solving conservation planning problems.
* [ModelR](https://github.com/Model-R/modelr_pkg) - A workflow for ecological niche models based on dismo.
* [gdalcubes_R](https://github.com/appelmar/gdalcubes_R) - R package for gdalcubes to process collections of Earth observation image collection as on demand data cubes.
* [kuenm](https://github.com/marlonecobos/kuenm) - kuenm is an R package designed to make the process of model calibration and final model creation easier and more reproducible, and at the same time more robust.
* [phenopix](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/phenopix/index.html) - A collection of functions to process digital images, depict greenness index trajectories and extract relevant phenological stages.
* [rsMove](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rsMove/index.html) - Tools that support the combined use of animal movement and remote sensing data.
* [earthEngineGrabR](https://github.com/JesJehle/earthEngineGrabR) - The earthEngineGrabR is an interface between R and the Google Earth Engine, which simplifies the acquisition of remote sensing data.
* [terra](https://github.com/rspatial/terra) - terra is an R package that replaces raster. It has a very similar, but simpler, interface, and it is much faster.
* [maxnet](https://github.com/mrmaxent/maxnet) - R package for modelling species geographic distributions. It implements much of the functionality of the Maxent Java application.
* [Makurhini](https://github.com/connectscape/Makurhini) - R package for calculating fragmentation and landscape connectivity indices used in conservation planning.
* [Mapbox Android SDK](https://www.mapbox.com/android-sdk/) - An open source toolset for building mapping applications for Android devices.
* [Mapbox iOS SDK](https://www.mapbox.com/ios-sdk/) - An open source toolset for building mapping applications for iPhone and iPad devices.
* [Google Maps API for Android](https://developers.google.com/maps/android/) - Google maps for Android.
* [Google Maps API for iOS](https://developers.google.com/maps/ios/) - Google maps for iOS.
* [Nutiteq Maps SDK](http://www.nutiteq.com/nutiteq-sdk/overview/) - C++ maps library for iOS, Android, Windows Phone and Xamarin with bindings for Java, ObjectiveC and C#.
* [WhirlyGlobe/Maply](http://mousebird.github.io/WhirlyGlobe/) - Objective C code that is able to read and render vector tiles(and style with mapnik xml) on iOS devices.
* [Apple MapKit](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/mapkit) - Display map or satellite imagery directly from your app's interface, call out points of interest, and determine placemark information for map coordinates.
* [Google Earth Engine](https://earthengine.google.com/) - Is a cloud computing platform for processing satellite imagery and other Earth observation data.
* [geobeam](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/dataflow-geobeam) - geobeam adds GIS capabilities to your Apache Beam pipelines and enables you to ingest and analyze massive amounts of geospatial data in parallel using Dataflow.
* [Processing](https://processing.org/) - Processing is a flexible software sketchbook and a language for learning how to code within the context of the visual arts.
* [P5.js](https://p5js.org/) - Javascript library that starts with the original goal of Processing.
* [Processing.py](http://py.processing.org/) - Python mode for Processing.
* [D3.js](https://d3js.org/) - D3.js is a JavaScript library for manipulating documents based on data.
* [openFrameworks](http://openframeworks.cc/) - openFrameworks is an open source C++ toolkit for creative coding.
* [Kosmtik](https://github.com/kosmtik/kosmtik) - Very lite but extendable mapping framework to create Mapnik ready maps with OpenStreetMap data (and more).
* [mplleaflet](https://github.com/jwass/mplleaflet) - Easily convert matplotlib plots from Python into interactive Leaflet web maps.
* [circlize](https://github.com/jokergoo/circlize) - Circular visualization in R. Circular layout is an efficient way for the visualization of huge amounts of information.
* [geoplot](https://github.com/ResidentMario/geoplot) - High-level Python geospatial plotting library. It's an extension to cartopy and matplotlib which makes mapping easy.
* [GeoJs](https://github.com/OpenGeoscience/geojs) - High-performance visualization and interactive data exploration of scientific and geospatial location aware datasets.
* [GeoViews](https://github.com/holoviz/geoviews) - GeoViews is a Python library that makes it easy to explore and visualize any data that includes geographic locations.
* [CometTS](https://github.com/CosmiQ/CometTS) - Comet Time Series Toolset for working with a time-series of remote sensing imagery and user defined polygons.
* [Kongsberg Geospatial's TerraLens SDK](https://www.kongsberggeospatial.com/products/terralens) - SDK designed for easy project integration and quick implementation in virtually any development environment. TerraLens provides real-time 2D and 3D mapping with powerful data visualization tools.
* [procedural-gl-js](https://github.com/felixpalmer/procedural-gl-js) - Procedural GL JS is a library for creating 3D map experiences on the web, written in JavaScript and WebGL. It is built on top THREE.js.
* [Projection Wizard](http://projectionwizard.org/) - Helps you select an appropriate projection for your map, depending on the area that you are mapping.
* [52North SOS](http://52north.org/communities/sensorweb/sos/) - A reference implementation of the [OGC Sensor Observation Service specification (version 2.0)]
* [Generic Mapping Tools](https://github.com/GenericMappingTools/gmt) - GMT is an open source collection of about 90 command-line tools for manipulating geographic and Cartesian data sets.
* [CODA](http://stcorp.github.io/coda/doc/html/index.html) - The Common Data Access toolbox (CODA) provides a set of tools for ingesting, processing, and analyzing remote sensing data.
* [sat-search](https://github.com/sat-utils/sat-search) - Sat-search is a Python 3 library and a command line tool for discovering and downloading publicly available satellite imagery using STAC compliant API.
* [exactextract](https://github.com/isciences/exactextract) - Provides a fast and accurate algorithm for summarizing values in the portion of a raster dataset that is covered by a polygon, often referred to as zonal statistics.
* [Kongsberg Geospatial's TerraLens SDK](https://www.kongsberggeospatial.com/products/terralens) - SDK designed for easy project integration and quick implementation in virtually any development environment. TerraLens provides real-time 2D and 3D mapping with powerful data visualization tools.
* [DsgTools](https://github.com/dsgoficial/DsgTools) - DSGTools is a QGIS plugin that allow users to create and manipulate Geospatial Data according to Brazilian Law (ET-EDGV 2.1.3 and ET-EDGV 3.0)
* [AIforEarthDataSets](https://github.com/microsoft/AIforEarthDataSets) - Notebooks and documentation for AI-for-Earth-managed datasets on Azure Open Datasets.
* [TZ Timezone Shapefiles](http://efele.net/maps/tz/world/) - Polygon boundaries of world timezones.
* [USGS Earth Explorer](http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/) - Provides online search,metadata export, and data download for earth science data from the archives of the USGS.
* [GeoNames](http://www.geonames.org/) - The GeoNames geographical database covers all countries and contains over eight million place names (cities, postal codes, countries) that are available for download free of charge.
* [Mapzen](https://mapzen.com/metro-extracts) - It provides data in OSM/PBF and Esri shapefile formats for popular cities.
* [Geofabrik](http://download.geofabrik.de/) - This is another source of prepared OpenStreetMap data. This distribution is generally built nightly and comes in OSM XML, pbf, and shapefile (for very popular areas) formats.
* [CBERS on AWS](https://github.com/fredliporace/cbers-on-aws) - Information, tools and data related to the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) PDS on AWS.
* [Cityscapes Dataset](https://www.cityscapes-dataset.com/) - large-scale dataset that contains a diverse set of stereo video sequences recorded in street scenes from 50 different cities, with high quality pixel-level annotations of 5000 frames in addition to a larger set of 20000 weakly annotated frames.
* [Scale Open Datasets](https://scale.com/open-datasets?utm_campaign=Spatial%20Awareness&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter) - Open Datasets for Autonomous Driving.
* [Cartographical Map Projections](http://www.progonos.com/furuti/MapProj/Normal/TOC/cartTOC.html) - A good introduction to projected coordinate systems
* [Spatialreference.org](http://spatialreference.org/) - Source for coordinate system information.
* [GEOINFO](http://www.geoinfo.info/geoinfo2017/) - The GEOINFO series (Brazilian Symposium on Geoinformatics) is an annual conference for exploring ongoing research, development and innovative applications on geographic information science and related areas.
