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* [ggmap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggmap/index.html) - Spatial Visualization with ggplot2.
* [rgeos](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgeos/index.html) - Interface to Geometry Engine - Open Source (GEOS) using the C API for topology operations on geometries.
* [rgrass7](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgrass7/index.html) - Interface Between GRASS 7 GIS and R.
* [Rnetcdf](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RNetCDF/index.html) - Interface to NetCDF Datasets.
* [RQGIS](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RQGIS/index.html) - Establishes an interface between R and QGIS.
* [RSAGA](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RSAGA/index.html) - SAGA Geoprocessing and Terrain Analysis in R.
* [RODBC](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RODBC/index.html) - ODBC Database Access.
* [Rnetcdf](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RNetCDF/index.html) - Interface to NetCDF Datasets.
* [ncdf4](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ncdf4/index.html) - Provides a high-level R interface to data files written using Unidata's netCDF library (version 4 or earlier).
* [RPyGeo](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RPyGeo/index.html) - ArcGIS Geoprocessing in R via Python.
* [shapefiles](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/shapefiles/index.html) - Read and Write ESRI Shapefiles.
* [Rgooglemaps](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RgoogleMaps/index.html) - Overlays on Google map tiles in R.
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* [Akima](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/akima/index.html) - Interpolation of Irregularly and Regularly Spaced Data.
* [maps](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/maps/index.html) - Draw Geographical Maps.
* [PBSmapping](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/PBSmapping/index.html) - Mapping Fisheries Data and Spatial Analysis Tools.
* [PBSmodelling](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/PBSmodelling/index.html) - Provides modelling support.
* [Landsat](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/landsat/index.html) - Radiometric and topographic correction of satellite imagery.
* [spatstat](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatstat/index.html) - Spatial Point Pattern Analysis, Model-Fitting, Simulation, Tests.
* [splancs](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/splancs/index.html) - Spatial and Space-Time Point Pattern Analysis.
* [smacpod](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/smacpod/index.html) - Various statistical methods for analyzing case-control point data.
* [DSpat](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DSpat/index.html) - Fits inhomogeneous Poisson process spatial models to line transect sampling data and provides estimate of abundance within a region.
* [spatialsegregation](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatialsegregation/index.html) - Summaries for measuring segregation/mingling in multitype spatial point patterns with graph based neighbourhood description.
* [dbmss](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/dbmss/index.html) - Simple computation of spatial statistic functions of distance to characterize the spatial structures of mapped objects.
* [latticeDensity](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/latticeDensity/index.html) - Contains functions that compute the lattice-based density estimator of Barry and McIntyre.
* [GriegSmith](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GriegSmith/index.html) - Uses the Grieg-Smith method on 2 dimensional spatial data.
* [plotKML](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/plotKML/index.html) - Visualization of Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Objects in Google Earth.
* [OpenStreetMap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/OpenStreetMap/index.html) - Access to Open Street Map Raster Images.
* [GEOmap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GEOmap/index.html) - Topographic and Geologic Mapping.
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* [mapproj](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/mapproj/index.html) - Map Projections.
* [gstat](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gstat/index.html) - Spatio-Temporal Geostatistical Modelling, Prediction and Simulation.
* [intamap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/intamap/index.html) - Procedures for automated interpolation.
* [micromap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/micromap/index.html) - Package provides linked micromaps using ggplot2.
* [Grid2Polygons](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Grid2Polygons/index.html) - Converts a spatial object from class SpatialGridDataFrame to SpatialPolygonsDataFrame.
* [recmap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/recmap/index.html) - Package provides rectangular cartograms with rectangle sizes reflecting for example population
* [geosphere](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geosphere/index.html) - Permits computations of distance and area to be carried out on spatial data in geographical coordinates.
* [spsurvey](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spsurvey/index.html) - Provides a range of sampling functions.
* [trip](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/trip/index.html) - Extends sp classes to permit the accessing and manipulating of spatial data for animal tracking.
* [GeoXp](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GeoXp/index.html) - Permits interactive graphical exploratory spatial data analysis.
* [vec2dtransf](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vec2dtransf/index.html) - Package for applying affine and similarity transformations on vector spatial data (sp objects).
* [spcosa](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spcosa/index.html) - Spatial coverage sampling and random sampling from compact geographical strata created by k-means.
* [dggridR](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/dggridR/index.html) - Provides an interface to DGGRID for working with discrete global grids, using hexagons, triangles, and diamonds to overcome the issue that every bin have the same area.
* [hdeco](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/hdeco/index.html) - Provides hierarchical decomposition of entropy for categorical map comparisons.
* [geojsonio](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geojsonio/index.html) - Convert data to 'GeoJSON' or 'TopoJSON' from various R classes, including vectors, lists, data frames, shape files, and spatial classes.
* [geoaxe](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geoaxe/index.html) - Split 'geospatial' objects into pieces. Includes support for some spatial object inputs, 'Well-Known Text', and 'GeoJSON'.
* [magclass](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/magclass/index.html) - Data class for increased interoperability working with spatial- temporal data together with corresponding functions and methods (conversions, basic calculations and basic data manipulation).
* [marmap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/marmap/index.html) - Package is designed for downloading, plotting and manipulating bathymetric and topographic data in R.
* [cshapes](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/cshapes/index.html) - Package for CShapes, a GIS dataset of country boundaries (1946-today). Includes functions for data extraction and the computation of distance matrices and -lists.
* [taRifx](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/taRifx/index.html) - A collection of various utility and convenience functions.
* [lawn](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lawn/index.html) - Client for 'Turfjs' for 'geospatial' analysis. The package revolves around using 'GeoJSON' data.
* [osmar](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/osmar/index.html) - Provides infrastructure to access OpenStreetMap data from different sources.
* [gmt](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gmt/index.html) - Interface between the GMT map-making software and R.
* [RColorBrewer](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RColorBrewer/index.html) - Provides color schemes for maps and other graphics.
* [classInt](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/classInt/index.html) - Selected commonly used methods for choosing univariate class intervals for mapping or other graphics purposes.
* [plotGoogleMaps](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/plotGoogleMaps/index.html) - Interactive plot device for handling the geographic data for web browsers.
* [ggsn](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggsn/index.html) - Adds north symbols and scale bars in kilometers to maps in geographic or metric coordinates.
* [spatgraphs](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatgraphs/index.html) - Graphs (or networks) and graph component calculations for spatial locations
* [geoRglm](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geoRglm/index.html) - Functions for inference in generalised linear spatial models.
* [FRK](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/FRK/index.html) - Is a tool for spatial/spatio-temporal modelling and prediction with large datasets.
* [geospt](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geospt/index.html) - Contains some geostatistical and radial basis functions, including prediction and cross validation.
* [RandomFields](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RandomFields/index.html) - Methods for the inference on and the simulation of Gaussian fields are provided, as well as methods for the simulation of extreme value random fields.
* [CompRandFld](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/CompRandFld/index.html) - A set of procedures for the analysis of Random Fields using likelihood and non-standard likelihood methods is provided.
* [constrainedKriging](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/constrainedKriging/index.html) - Provides functions for efficient computations of nonlinear spatial predictions with local change of support.
* [spTimer](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spTimer/index.html) - Fits, spatially predicts and temporally forecasts large amounts of space-time data.
* [SpatialTools](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SpatialTools/index.html) - Tools for spatial data analysis. Emphasis on kriging. Provides functions for prediction and simulation.
* [sperrorest](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sperrorest/index.html) - Implements spatial error estimation and permutation-based variable importance measures for predictive models using spatial cross-validation and spatial block bootstrap.
* [sgeostat](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sgeostat/index.html) - An Object-oriented Framework for Geostatistical Modeling in S+ containing functions for variogram estimation, variogram fitting and kriging as well as some plot functions.
* [spatialCovariance](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatialCovariance/index.html) - Supports the computation of spatial covariance matrices for data on rectangles.
## JavaScript
* [Heatmap.js](https://www.patrick-wied.at/static/heatmapjs/) - A heatmap implementation for Javascript.
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* [tippiecannoe](https://github.com/mapbox/tippecanoe) - Build vector tilesets from large collections of GeoJSON features.
* [Kosmtik](https://github.com/kosmtik/kosmtik) - Very lite but extendable mapping framework to create Mapnik ready maps with OpenStreetMap data (and more).
* [mplleaflet](https://github.com/jwass/mplleaflet) - Easily convert matplotlib plots from Python into interactive Leaflet web maps.
* [three.js](https://threejs.org/) - A javascript 3D library which makes WebGL simpler
## Tools
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* [Geofabrik](http://download.geofabrik.de/) - This is another source of prepared OpenStreetMap data. This distribution is generally built nightly and comes in OSM XML, pbf, and shapefile (for very popular areas) formats.
* [Natural Earth](www.naturalearthdata.com) - This site offers public domain map data sets that contain both raster and vector data.
* [ASTER Data](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/dataset_discovery/aster) - Download ASTER data.
* [INPE Database](http://www.dgi.inpe.br/CDSR/) - Download free satellite data including MODIS, Landsat (1-7), ResourceSat (1-2) and CBERS (2, 2B and 4) data.
## Resources
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* [Essential Python Geospatial Libraries](http://carsonfarmer.com/2013/07/essential-python-geo-libraries/)
* [GeoJSON](https://github.com/tmcw/awesome-geojson)
* [Vector Tiles](https://github.com/mapbox/awesome-vector-tiles)
* [Spatial R](https://cran.r-project.org/web/views/Spatial.html)
* [Awesome Spatial](https://github.com/RoboDonut/awesome-spatial/blob/master/README.md)
* [Awesome GIS](https://github.com/spatialhast/awesome-gis)
* [Awesome SQLite](https://github.com/planetopendata/awesome-sqlite)
* [Awesome Python](https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python/blob/master/README.md)
* [GeoRails](http://daniel-azuma.com/articles/georails/)