* [PostGIS Vector Tile Utils](https://github.com/mapbox/postgis-vt-util) - A set of PostgreSQL functions that are useful when creating vector tile sources.
* [GeoCouch](https://github.com/couchbase/geocouch) - GeoCouch is a spatial extension for Couchbase and Apache CouchDB.
* [Cloudant](https://cloudant.com/) - IBM noSQL database that supports spatial data (GeoJSON).
* [MondoDB](https://www.mongodb.com/) - Also supports GeoJSON and spatial indexes.
* [DB2 Spatial Extender](http://www-03.ibm.com/software/products/en/db2spaext) - Spatial Extender allows you to store, manage, and analyze spatial data in DB2.
* [Rasdaman](http://www.rasdaman.org/) - Array database that allows storing and querying massive multi-dimensional arrays, such as sensor, image, simulation, and statistics data appearing in domains like earth, space, and life science.
* [SciDB](http://www.paradigm4.com/) - Array database designed for multidimensional data management and analytics common to scientific, geospatial, financial, and industrial applications.
* [Global Mapper](http://www.bluemarblegeo.com/products/global-mapper.php) - Geospatial and remote sensing data analysis.
* [Spring](http://www.dpi.inpe.br/spring/english/index.html) - GIS and remote sensing image processing system with an object-oriented data model.
* [TerrSet](https://clarklabs.org/terrset/) - TerrSet (formerly IDRISI) is an integrated geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing software
* [OSSIM](http://trac.osgeo.org/ossim/) - Suite of geospatial libraries and applications used to process imagery, maps, terrain, and vector data.
* [e-Foto](http://www.efoto.eng.uerj.br/en) - Free and open source digital photogrammetric workstation.
* [Guidos Toolbox](http://forest.jrc.ec.europa.eu/download/software/guidos/) - Some GDAL functionalities and includes MSPA (Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis) for connectivity maps.
* [IDL](http://www.harrisgeospatial.com/ProductsandSolutions/GeospatialProducts/IDL.aspx) - IDL is a programming language used for data analysis and image processing programming.
* [ArcMap Raster Edit Suite](https://github.com/haoliangyu/ares) - An ArcMap Addin that enables manual editing of single pixels on raster layer.
* [The Sentinel Toolbox](https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/toolboxes) - The Sentinel Toolboxes consists of a collection of processing tools, data product readers and writers and a display and analysis application to process Sentinel data.
* [ArcGIS](https://www.arcgis.com/features/) - GIS for working with maps and geographic information.
* [QGIS](http://www.qgis.org/en/site/) - Cross-platform free and open-source desktop geographic information system.
* [Terraview](http://www.dpi.inpe.br/terraview_eng/index.php) - GIS application built using the TerraLib GIS library.
* [gvSIG](http://www.gvsig.com/en) - Free and open source GIS.
* [GRASS GIS](https://grass.osgeo.org/) - GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) is a free and open source GIS.
* [ILWIS](http://52north.org/communities/ilwis/ilwis-open) - Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS) is a remote sensing and GIS software.
* [MapWindow GIS](http://www.mapwindow.org/) - Free and open source desktop geographic information system.
* [OpenLayers](http://openlayers.org/) - Open source AJAX library.
* [Leaflet](http://leafletjs.com/) - Open-Source JavaScript Library for Mobile-Friendly Interactive Maps.
* [Geomanjas](http://www.geomajas.org/) - Open source development software for web-based and cloud based GIS applications.
* [Cesium](https://cesiumjs.org/) - An open-source JavaScript library for world-class 3D globes and maps.
* [geojson-vt](https://github.com/mapbox/geojson-vt) - A highly efficient JavaScript library for slicing GeoJSON data into vector tiles on the fly.
* [ArcGIS JS App Generator](https://github.com/odoe/generator-arcgis-js-app) - This is a yeoman generator for ArcGIS API for JavaScript applications.
* [CMV - The Configurable Map Viewer](https://github.com/cmv/cmv-app) - CMV is a community-supported open source mapping framework. CMV works with the Esri JavaScript API, ArcGIS Server, ArcGIS Online and more.
* [Leaflet.MapboxVectorTile](https://github.com/SpatialServer/Leaflet.MapboxVectorTile) - A Leaflet Plugin that renders Mapbox Vector Tiles on HTML5 Canvas.
* [Flare Cluster Layer](https://github.com/nickcam/FlareClusterLayer) - ArcGIS javascript custom graphics layer. Creates clusters and creates flares for clusters.
* [Google Maps API Polyline String Decoder](https://github.com/mgd722/decode-google-maps-polyline) - Function that will convert encoded polyline strings (as returned by the Google Maps API) into a list of lat/lon pairs.
* [Mapzen Tangram](https://github.com/tangrams/tangram) - JavaScript library for rendering 2D & 3D maps live in a web browser with WebGL, supports MVT, GeoJSON, TopoJSON.
* [Geoserver](http://geoserver.org/) - WMS written in Java and relies on GeoTools. Allows users to share and edit geospatial data.
* [Mapserver](http://mapserver.org/) - WMS written in C.
* [MapGuide](https://mapguide.osgeo.org/) - Runs on Linux or Windows, supports Apache and IIS web servers, and has APIs (PHP, .NET, Java, and JavaScript) for application development.
* [PGRestAPI](https://github.com/spatialdev/PGRestAPI) - Node.js REST API for PostGres Spatial Entities. AKA: SpatialServer.
* [utilery](https://github.com/tilery/utilery) - Micro vector tile manufacturing from PostGIS.
* [GAMMA](http://www.gamma-rs.ch/no_cache/software.html) - Allows processing of SAR, interferometric SAR (InSAR) and differential interferometric SAR (DInSAR).
* [Sentinel Toolboxes](https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/toolboxes) - Free open source toolboxes for the scientific exploitation of the Sentinel missions.
* [NANSAT](https://github.com/nansencenter/nansat) - Nansat is a scientist friendly Python toolbox for processing 2D satellite earth observation data.
* [FME Desktop](https://www.safe.com/fme/fme-desktop/) - FME is an integrated collection of Spatial ETL tools for data transformation and data translation.
* [LAStools](http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/) - A collection of highly-efficient, scriptable tools with multi-core batching that process LAS, compressed LAZ, Terrasolid BIN, .shp, and ASCII.
* [FullAnalyze](https://code.google.com/archive/p/fullanalyze/) - Handling, visualizing and processing lidar data (3D point clouds and waveforms).
* [DielmoOpenLidar](http://www.dielmo.com/eng/ficha-tecnologia-software.php?prod=21) - Open source software based in gvSIG for the management of LiDAR data.
* [Global Mapper Lidar Module](https://www.bluemarblegeo.com/products/global-mapper-lidar.php) - Lidar module for Global Mapper.
* [Fusion](http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html) - Python for Lidar data.
* [libLAS](http://www.liblas.org/) - libLAS is a C/C++ library for reading and writing the very common LAS LiDAR format.
* [PyLAS](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/PyLAS) - A python library for reading and writing LAS files.
* [Laspy](http://laspy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) - Laspy is a python library for reading, modifying, and creating .LAS LIDAR files.
* [PDAL](http://www.pdal.io/) - PDAL is a C++ BSD library for translating and manipulating point cloud data.
* [GeoDjango](http://geodjango.org/) - Django geographic web framework.
* [Landsat-util](https://github.com/developmentseed/landsat-util) - Landsat-util is a command line utility that makes it easy to search, download, and process Landsat imagery.
* [Rasterio](https://github.com/mapbox/rasterio) - Rasterio employs GDAL under the hood for file I/O and raster formatting.
* [Rasterstats](https://github.com/perrygeo/python-rasterstats/) - Python module for summarizing geospatial raster datasets based on vector geometries.
* [Pandas](http://pandas.pydata.org/) - Open source library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools for the Python.
* [Shapely](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Shapely) - Manipulation and analysis of geometric objects in the Cartesian plane.
* [Cartopy](http://scitools.org.uk/cartopy/) - A library providing cartographic tools for python for plotting spatial data.
* [Rtree](http://toblerity.org/rtree/) - For efficiently querying spatial data.
* [NodeBox-opengl](http://www.cityinabottle.org/nodebox/) - For playing around with animations.
* [Statsmodels](http://statsmodels.sourceforge.net/) - Python module that allows users to explore data, estimate statistical models, and perform statistical tests.
* [NumPy](http://www.numpy.org/) - NumPy is the fundamental package for scientific computing with Python.
* [geopy](https://github.com/geopy/geopy) - geopy is a Python 2 and 3 client for several popular geocoding web services.
* [IPython](http://ipython.org/) - For a wondering interactive environment in which to play.
* [FreeType](https://code.google.com/archive/p/freetype-py/) - For converting font glyphs to polygons.
* [PyQGIS](http://docs.qgis.org/testing/en/docs/pyqgis_developer_cookbook/) - Python for QGIS.
* [Fiona](http://toblerity.org/fiona/) - For making it easy to read/write geospatial data formats.
* [networkx](http://networkx.github.io/) - To work with networks.
* [PySAL](http://pysal.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) - For all your spatial econometrics needs.
* [Descartes](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/descartes) - Plot geometries in matplotlib.
* [PyShp](https://code.google.com/archive/p/pyshp/) - For reading and writing shapefiles.
* [PyProj](https://github.com/jswhit/pyproj) - For conversions between projections.
* [Pyncf](https://github.com/karimbahgat/pyncf) - Pure Python NetCDF file reading and writing.
* [chupaESRI](https://github.com/johnjreiser/chupaESRI) - ChupaESRI is a Python module/command line tool to extract features from ArcGIS Server map services.
* [GeoPandas](https://github.com/geopandas/geopandas) - Python tools for geographic data.
* [geojsonio.py](https://github.com/jwass/geojsonio.py) - Open GeoJSON data on geojson.io from Python. geojsonio.py also contains a command line utility that is a Python port of geojsonio-cli.
* [Ogcserver](https://github.com/mapnik/OGCServer) - Python WMS implementation using Mapnik.
* [RSGISLib](http://www.rsgislib.org/) - The Remote Sensing and GIS software library (RSGISLib) is a collection of tools for processing remote sensing and GIS datasets. The tools are accessed using Python bindings or an XML interface.
* [Scikit-image](http://scikit-image.org/) - Scikit-image is a collection of algorithms for image processing.
* [Geonetwork](http://geonetwork-opensource.org/) - GeoNetwork is a catalog application to manage spatially referenced resources.
* [JTS Topology Suite](http://www.vividsolutions.com/jts/jtshome.htm) - JTS Topology Suite is an API of 2D spatial predicates and functions.
* [GeOxygene](https://sourceforge.net/projects/oxygene-project/) - Provide an open framework which implements OGC/ISO specifications for the development and deployment of GIS applications.
* [Gisgraphy](http://www.gisgraphy.com/) - Open source framework that offers the ability to do geolocalisation and geocoding via Java APIs or REST webservices.
* [Spatial4j](https://github.com/locationtech/spatial4j) - Spatial4j is a general purpose geospatial ASL licensed open-source Java library.
* [Geoapi](http://www.geoapi.org/) - GeoAPI provides a set of Java language programming interfaces for geospatial applications.
* [Openmap](https://github.com/openmap-java/openmap) - Open Source JavaBeans-based programmer's toolkit.
* [Apache SIS](http://sis.apache.org/) - Apache Spatial Information System (SIS) is a free software, Java language library for developing geospatial applications.
* [World Wind Java SDK](http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/) - Nasa cross-platform Java SDK.
* [SharpMap](http://sharpmap.codeplex.com/) - SharpMap is an easy-to-use mapping library for use in web and desktop applications.
* [DotSpatial](https://dotspatial.codeplex.com/) - DotSpatial is a geographic information system library written for .NET 4.
* [NTS Net Topology Suite](https://github.com/NetTopologySuite/NetTopologySuite) - A .NET GIS solution that is fast and reliable for the .NET platform.
* [Geo](https://github.com/sibartlett/Geo) - A geospatial library for .NET
* [SharpKml](https://sharpkml.codeplex.com/) - Is able to read/write both KML files and KMZ files.
* [GDAL](http://www.gdal.org/) - Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) is a computer library that serve as a translator library for raster and vector geospatial data formats.
* [Boost Geometry](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_61_0/libs/geometry/doc/html/index.html) - Part of collection of the Boost C++ Libraries, defines concepts, primitives and algorithms for solving geometry problems.
* [Capaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capaware) - 3D terrain representation with multilayer representation.
* [libspatialindex](https://github.com/libspatialindex/libspatialindex) - C++ implementation of R*-tree, an MVR-tree and a TPR-tree with C API.
* [Spatial](https://sourceforge.net/projects/spatial/) - Spatial is a generic header-only C++ library providing multi-dimensional in-memory containers, iterators and functionals.
* [geojson-vt-cpp](https://github.com/mapbox/geojson-vt-cpp) - Port to C++ of JS GeoJSON-VT for slicing GeoJSON into vector tiles on the fly.
* [Supercluster](https://github.com/mapbox/supercluster.hpp) - A C++14 port of supercluster, a fast 2D point clustering library for use in interactive maps.
* [Mapbox GL Native](https://github.com/mapbox/mapbox-gl-native) - Render Mapbox styles in mobile, desktop, and node applications using C++ and OpenGL.
* [Mapzen Tangram-ES](https://github.com/tangrams/tangram-es) - C++ library for rendering 2D and 3D maps using OpenGL ES 2 with custom styling and interactions
* [Mapnik Vector Tile](https://github.com/mapbox/mapnik-vector-tile) - Mapnik C++ implemention of Mapbox Vector Tile specification.
* [Vector Tiles Producer](https://github.com/vross/vector-tiles-producer) - Command line tool in C++ to creates vector tiles for a given area at chosen zoom levels using a Mapnik XML.
* [libGeoTiff](https://trac.osgeo.org/geotiff/) - Manipulate TIFF based interchange format for georeferenced raster imagery.
* [Orfeo ToolBox](https://www.orfeo-toolbox.org/) - Orfeo TooLBox (OTB) is an open-source C++ library for remote sensing images processing, distributed under the CeCILL-v2 licence.
* [ITK](https://itk.org/) - ITK is an open-source, cross-platform system that provides developers with an extensive suite of software tools for image analysis.
* [RSGISLib](https://bitbucket.org/petebunting/rsgislib/src/bf7933996822?at=default) - The Remote Sensing and GIS software library (RSGISLib) is a collection of tools for processing remote sensing and GIS datasets. The tools are accessed using Python bindings or an XML interface.
* [Shapefile C Library](http://shapelib.maptools.org/) - Provides the ability to write simple C programs for reading, writing and updating (to a limited extent) .shp and .dbf files.
* [Datamaps](https://github.com/ericfischer/datamaps) - This is a tool for indexing large lists of geographic points or lines and dynamically generating map tiles from the index for display.
* [Geokit](http://geokit.rubyforge.org/) - A Ruby gem & Rails plugin for easier map-based applications.
* [Rgeo](https://github.com/rgeo/rgeo) - RGeo is a geospatial data library for Ruby. It provides an implementation of the Open Geospatial Consortium's Simple Features Specification
* [Rgeo Shapefile](https://github.com/rgeo/rgeo-shapefile) - Optional module for RGeo for reading geospatial data from ESRI shapefiles.
* [Rgeo GeoJSON](https://github.com/rgeo/rgeo-geojson) - RGeo component for reading and writing GeoJSON.
* [RasterIO.jl](https://github.com/wkearn/RasterIO.jl) - Simple Raster Formats for Julia.
* [OpenStreetMaps.jl](https://github.com/tedsteiner/OpenStreetMap.jl) - This package provides basic functionality for parsing, viewing, and working with OpenStreetMap map data.
* [GDALfuns.jl](https://github.com/meggart/GDALfuns.jl) - Auto-generated low-level wrapper for the GDAL library.
* [JuliaGIS](https://github.com/wkearn/GIS.jl) - A package for the visualization and manipulation of geographic data.
* [LibGEOS.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeometry/LibGEOS.jl) - LibGEOS is a LGPL-licensed package for manipulation and analysis of planar geometric objects, based on the libraries GEOS (the engine of PostGIS) and JTS (from which GEOS is ported).
* [LibLAS.jl](https://github.com/visr/LibLAS.jl) - Julia wrapper for LibLAS, a library for reading and writing the LAS LiDAR format.
* [GeoJSON.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeo/GeoJSON.jl) - This library is developed independently of, but is heavily influenced in design by the python-geojson package.
* [Turf.jl](https://github.com/yeesian/Turf.jl) - This library is a port of Turf.js to the Julia programming language for geospatial analysis.
* [Images.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/Images.jl) - An image processing library for Julia.
* [Proj4.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeo/Proj4.jl) - A simple wrapper around the Proj.4 cartographic projections library.
* [Geodesy.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeo/Geodesy.jl) - Work with points defined in various coordinate systems.
* [Shapefile.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeo/Shapefile.jl) - Parsing .shp files in Julia.
* [NetCDF.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeo/NetCDF.jl) - NetCDF support for the julia programming language.
* [GeoInterface.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeo/GeoInterface.jl) - A Julia Protocol for Geospatial Data.
* [GeoStatsImages.jl](https://github.com/juliohm/GeoStatsImages.jl) - Training images for geostastical simulation in Julia.
* [DataFrames.jl](https://github.com/JuliaStats/DataFrames.jl) - Tools for working with tabular data in Julia.
* [VoronoiDelaunay.jl](https://github.com/JuliaGeometry/VoronoiDelaunay.jl) - Fast, robust construction of 2D Delaunay and Voronoi tessellations on generic point types.
* [EcologicalNetwork.jl](https://github.com/PoisotLab/EcologicalNetwork.jl) - This julia package provides a common interface to analyze all types of data on ecological networks.
* [ClimateTools.jl](https://github.com/Balinus/ClimateTools.jl) - Collection of commonly-used tools in Climate Science.
* [Interpolations.jl](https://github.com/juliohm/Interpolations.jl) - This package implements a variety of interpolation schemes for the Julia language.
* [NMEA.jl](https://github.com/zznop/NMEA.jl) - NMEA.jl is a package for parsing NMEA GPS protocol sentences.
* [ImageSegmentation.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/ImageSegmentation.jl) - Julia package for multiple Image Segmentation Algorithms.
* [ImageMorphology.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/ImageMorphology.jl) - This package provides morphology-related functionality to the Images.jl project.
* [ImageFiltering.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/ImageFiltering.jl) - ImageFiltering implements blurring, sharpening, gradient computation, and other linear filtering operations, as well nonlinear filters like min/max.
* [ImageTransformations.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/ImageTransformations.jl/tree/master/src) - This package provides support for image resizing, image rotation, and other spatial transformations of arrays.
* [ImageMetadata.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/ImageMetadata.jl) - ImageMetadata is a simple package providing utilities for working with images that have metadata attached.
* [Tinker.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/Tinker.jl) - Interactive graphical tool for complex image analysis.
* [ImageFeatures.jl](https://github.com/JuliaImages/ImageFeatures.jl) - Image feature detection for the Julia language.
* [sp](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sp/index.html) - Classes and Methods for Spatial Data.
* [rgdal](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgdal/index.html) - Bindings for the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library.
* [raster](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/raster/raster.pdf) - Reading, writing, manipulating, analyzing and modeling of gridded spatial data.
* [ggplot2](http://ggplot2.org/) - ggplot2 is a plotting system for R.
* [ggmap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggmap/index.html) - Spatial Visualization with ggplot2.
* [rgeos](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgeos/index.html) - Interface to Geometry Engine - Open Source (GEOS) using the C API for topology operations on geometries.
* [rgrass7](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgrass7/index.html) - Interface Between GRASS 7 GIS and R.
* [Rnetcdf](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RNetCDF/index.html) - Interface to NetCDF Datasets.
* [ncdf4](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ncdf4/index.html) - Provides a high-level R interface to data files written using Unidata's netCDF library (version 4 or earlier).
* [smacpod](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/smacpod/index.html) - Various statistical methods for analyzing case-control point data.
* [DSpat](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DSpat/index.html) - Fits inhomogeneous Poisson process spatial models to line transect sampling data and provides estimate of abundance within a region.
* [spatialsegregation](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatialsegregation/index.html) - Summaries for measuring segregation/mingling in multitype spatial point patterns with graph based neighbourhood description.
* [dbmss](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/dbmss/index.html) - Simple computation of spatial statistic functions of distance to characterize the spatial structures of mapped objects.
* [latticeDensity](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/latticeDensity/index.html) - Contains functions that compute the lattice-based density estimator of Barry and McIntyre.
* [GriegSmith](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GriegSmith/index.html) - Uses the Grieg-Smith method on 2 dimensional spatial data.
* [micromap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/micromap/index.html) - Package provides linked micromaps using ggplot2.
* [Grid2Polygons](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Grid2Polygons/index.html) - Converts a spatial object from class SpatialGridDataFrame to SpatialPolygonsDataFrame.
* [recmap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/recmap/index.html) - Package provides rectangular cartograms with rectangle sizes reflecting for example population
* [geosphere](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geosphere/index.html) - Permits computations of distance and area to be carried out on spatial data in geographical coordinates.
* [spsurvey](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spsurvey/index.html) - Provides a range of sampling functions.
* [trip](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/trip/index.html) - Extends sp classes to permit the accessing and manipulating of spatial data for animal tracking.
* [GeoXp](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GeoXp/index.html) - Permits interactive graphical exploratory spatial data analysis.
* [vec2dtransf](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vec2dtransf/index.html) - Package for applying affine and similarity transformations on vector spatial data (sp objects).
* [spcosa](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spcosa/index.html) - Spatial coverage sampling and random sampling from compact geographical strata created by k-means.
* [dggridR](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/dggridR/index.html) - Provides an interface to DGGRID for working with discrete global grids, using hexagons, triangles, and diamonds to overcome the issue that every bin have the same area.
* [hdeco](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/hdeco/index.html) - Provides hierarchical decomposition of entropy for categorical map comparisons.
* [geojsonio](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geojsonio/index.html) - Convert data to 'GeoJSON' or 'TopoJSON' from various R classes, including vectors, lists, data frames, shape files, and spatial classes.
* [geoaxe](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geoaxe/index.html) - Split 'geospatial' objects into pieces. Includes support for some spatial object inputs, 'Well-Known Text', and 'GeoJSON'.
* [magclass](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/magclass/index.html) - Data class for increased interoperability working with spatial- temporal data together with corresponding functions and methods (conversions, basic calculations and basic data manipulation).
* [marmap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/marmap/index.html) - Package is designed for downloading, plotting and manipulating bathymetric and topographic data in R.
* [cshapes](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/cshapes/index.html) - Package for CShapes, a GIS dataset of country boundaries (1946-today). Includes functions for data extraction and the computation of distance matrices and -lists.
* [taRifx](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/taRifx/index.html) - A collection of various utility and convenience functions.
* [lawn](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lawn/index.html) - Client for 'Turfjs' for 'geospatial' analysis. The package revolves around using 'GeoJSON' data.
* [osmar](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/osmar/index.html) - Provides infrastructure to access OpenStreetMap data from different sources.
* [gmt](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gmt/index.html) - Interface between the GMT map-making software and R.
* [RColorBrewer](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RColorBrewer/index.html) - Provides color schemes for maps and other graphics.
* [classInt](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/classInt/index.html) - Selected commonly used methods for choosing univariate class intervals for mapping or other graphics purposes.
* [plotGoogleMaps](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/plotGoogleMaps/index.html) - Interactive plot device for handling the geographic data for web browsers.
* [ggsn](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggsn/index.html) - Adds north symbols and scale bars in kilometers to maps in geographic or metric coordinates.
* [spatgraphs](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatgraphs/index.html) - Graphs (or networks) and graph component calculations for spatial locations
* [geoRglm](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geoRglm/index.html) - Functions for inference in generalised linear spatial models.
* [FRK](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/FRK/index.html) - Is a tool for spatial/spatio-temporal modelling and prediction with large datasets.
* [geospt](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geospt/index.html) - Contains some geostatistical and radial basis functions, including prediction and cross validation.
* [RandomFields](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RandomFields/index.html) - Methods for the inference on and the simulation of Gaussian fields are provided, as well as methods for the simulation of extreme value random fields.
* [CompRandFld](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/CompRandFld/index.html) - A set of procedures for the analysis of Random Fields using likelihood and non-standard likelihood methods is provided.
* [constrainedKriging](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/constrainedKriging/index.html) - Provides functions for efficient computations of nonlinear spatial predictions with local change of support.
* [spTimer](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spTimer/index.html) - Fits, spatially predicts and temporally forecasts large amounts of space-time data.
* [SpatialTools](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SpatialTools/index.html) - Tools for spatial data analysis. Emphasis on kriging. Provides functions for prediction and simulation.
* [sperrorest](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sperrorest/index.html) - Implements spatial error estimation and permutation-based variable importance measures for predictive models using spatial cross-validation and spatial block bootstrap.
* [sgeostat](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sgeostat/index.html) - An Object-oriented Framework for Geostatistical Modeling in S+ containing functions for variogram estimation, variogram fitting and kriging as well as some plot functions.
* [spatialCovariance](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatialCovariance/index.html) - Supports the computation of spatial covariance matrices for data on rectangles.
* [tgp](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tgp/index.html) - Bayesian nonstationary, semiparametric nonlinear regression and design by treed Gaussian processes (GPs) with jumps to the limiting linear model (LLM).
* [regress](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/regress/index.html) - Functions to fit Gaussian linear model by maximising the residual log likelihood where the covariance structure can be written as a linear combination of known matrices.
* [FieldSim](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/FieldSim/index.html) - Tools for random fields and bridges simulations.
* [georob](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/georob/index.html) - Provides functions for fitting linear models with spatially correlated errors by robust and Gaussian Restricted Maximum Likelihood and for computing robust and customary point and block kriging predictions, along with utility functions for cross-validation and for unbiased back-transformation of kriging predictions of log-transformed data.
* [ExceedanceTools](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ExceedanceTools/index.html) - Tools for constructing confidence regions for exceedance regions and contour lines.
* [deldir](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/deldir/index.html) - Calculates the Delaunay triangulation and the Dirichlet or Voronoi tessellation (with respect to the entire plane) of a planar point set.
* [tripack](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tripack/index.html) - A constrained two-dimensional Delaunay triangulation package providing both triangulation and generation of voronoi mosaics of irregular spaced data.
* [ipdw](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ipdw/index.html) - Functions are provided to interpolate geo-referenced point data via Inverse Path Distance Weighting.
* [SSN](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SSN/index.html) - Spatial statistical modeling and prediction for data on stream networks, including models based on in-stream distance.
* [spmoran](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spmoran/index.html) - Functions for estimating fixed and random effects eigenvector spatial filtering models.
* [SpatialEpi](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SpatialEpi/index.html) - Methods and data for cluster detection and disease mapping.
* [OasisR](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/OasisR/index.html) - A set of indexes and tests for the analysis of social segregation.
* [smerc](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/smerc/index.html) - Provides statistical methods for the analysis of data areal data, with a focus on cluster detection.
* [gwrr](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gwrr/index.html) - Fits geographically weighted regression (GWR) models and has tools to diagnose and remediate collinearity in the GWR models.
* [lctools](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lctools/index.html) - Package provides researchers and educators with easy-to-learn user friendly tools for calculating key spatial statistics and to apply simple as well as advanced methods of spatial analysis in real data.
* [AMOEBA](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/AMOEBA/index.html) - A function to calculate spatial clusters using the Getis-Ord local statistic. It searches irregular clusters (ecotopes) on a map.
* [sparr](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sparr/index.html) - Provides functions to estimate kernel-smoothed spatial and spatio-temporal densities and relative risk functions, and perform subsequent inference.
* [glmmBUGS](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/glmmBUGS/index.html) - Automates running Generalized Linear Mixed Models, including spatial models, with WinBUGS, OpenBUGS and JAGS.
* [spaMM](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spaMM/index.html) - Inference in mixed-effect models, including generalized linear mixed models with spatial correlations and models with non-Gaussian random effects.
* [PReMiuM](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/PReMiuM/index.html) - Dirichlet Process Bayesian Clustering, Profile Regression.
* [spacom](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spacom/index.html) - Provides tools to construct and exploit spatially weighted context data.
* [geospacom](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geospacom/index.html) - Generates distance matrices from shape files and represents spatially weighted multilevel analysis results.
* [spBayesSurv](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spBayesSurv/index.html) - Bayesian Modeling and Analysis of Spatially Correlated Survival Data.
* [spselect](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spselect/index.html) - Fits spatial scale (SS) forward stepwise regression, SS incremental forward stagewise regression, SS least angle regression (LARS), and SS lasso models.
* [nlme](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/nlme/index.html) - Fit and compare Gaussian linear and nonlinear mixed-effects models.
* [spatcounts](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatcounts/index.html) - Fit spatial CAR count regression models using MCMC.
* [McSpatial](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/McSpatial/index.html) - Provides functions for locally weighted regression, semiparametric and conditionally parametric regression, fourier and cubic spline functions, GMM and linearized spatial logit and probit, k-density functions and counterfactuals, nonparametric quantile regression and conditional density functions, Machado-Mata decomposition for quantile regressions, spatial AR model, repeat sales models, and conditionally parametric logit and probit.
* [splm](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/splm/index.html) - ML and GM estimation and diagnostic testing of econometric models for spatial panel data.
* [S2sls](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/S2sls/index.html) - Fit a spatial instrumental-variable regression by two-stage least squares.
* [spanel](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spanel/index.html) - Fit the spatial panel data models: the fixed effects, random effects and between models.
* [HSAR](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/HSAR/index.html) - A library of the Hierarchical Spatial Autoregressive Model (HSAR), based on a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm.
* [spatialprobit](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatialprobit/index.html) - Bayesian Estimation of Spatial Probit and Tobit Models.
* [ProbitSpatial](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ProbitSpatial/index.html) - Binomial Spatial Probit models for big data.
* [starma](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/starma/index.html) - Statistical functions to identify, estimate and diagnose a Space-Time AutoRegressive Moving Average (STARMA) model.
* [ade4](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ade4/index.html) - Tools for multivariate data analysis. Several methods are provided for the analysis (i.e., ordination) of one-table (e.g., principal component analysis, correspondence analysis), two-table (e.g., coinertia analysis, redundancy analysis), three-table (e.g., RLQ analysis) and K-table (e.g., STATIS, multiple coinertia analysis).
* [adehabitat](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adehabitat/index.html) - A collection of tools for the analysis of habitat selection by animals.
* [adehabitatHR](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adehabitatHR/index.html) - A collection of tools for the estimation of animals home range.
* [adehabitatHS](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adehabitatHS/index.html) - A collection of tools for the analysis of habitat selection.
* [adehabitatLT](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adehabitatLT/index.html) - A collection of tools for the analysis of animal movements.
* [adehabitatMA](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adehabitatMA/index.html) - A collection of tools to deal with raster maps.
* [pastecs](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/pastecs/index.html) - Regulation, decomposition and analysis of space-time series.
* [vegan](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/index.html) - Ordination methods, diversity analysis and other functions for community and vegetation ecologists.
* [tripEstimation](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tripEstimation/index.html) - Data handling and estimation functions for animal movement estimation from archival or satellite tags.
* [spind](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spind/index.html) - Functions for spatial methods based on generalized estimating equations (GEE) and wavelet-revised methods (WRM), functions for scaling by wavelet multiresolution regression (WMRR), conducting multi-model inference, and stepwise model selection.
* [rangeMapper](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rangeMapper/index.html) - Tools for easy generation of (life-history) traits maps based on species range (extent-of-occurrence) maps.
* [siplab](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/siplab/index.html) - A platform for experimenting with spatially explicit individual-based vegetation models.
* [ModelMap](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ModelMap/index.html) - Creates sophisticated models of training data and validates the models with an independent test set, cross validation, or in the case of Random Forest Models, with Out Of Bag (OOB) predictions on the training data.
* [SpatialPosition](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SpatialPosition/index.html) - Computes spatial position models: Stewart potentials, Reilly catchment areas, Huff catchment areas.
* [Watersheds](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Watersheds/index.html) - Methods for watersheds aggregation and spatial drainage network analysis.
* [Rcitrus](http://www.leg.ufpr.br/Rcitrus/) - Spatial analysis of plant disease incidence.
* [ngspatial](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ngspatial/index.html) - Provides tools for analyzing spatial data, especially non- Gaussian areal data.
* [bfastSpatial](https://github.com/loicdtx/bfastSpatial) - Package to pre-process gridded time-series data in order for them to be analyzed with change detection algorithms such as bfast. Uses classes from the raster package and includes utilities to run the algorithms and post-process the results.
* [teamlucc](https://github.com/azvoleff/teamlucc) - Is designed to facilitate analysis of land use and cover change (LUCC) around the monitoring sites of the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network.
* [RStoolbox](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RStoolbox/index.html) - Toolbox for remote sensing image processing and analysis such as calculating spectral indices, principal component transformation, unsupervised and supervised classification or fractional cover analyses.
* [Mapbox Android SDK](https://www.mapbox.com/android-sdk/) - An open source toolset for building mapping applications for Android devices.
* [Mapbox iOS SDK](https://www.mapbox.com/ios-sdk/) - An open source toolset for building mapping applications for iPhone and iPad devices.
* [Google Maps API for Android](https://developers.google.com/maps/android/) - Google maps for Android.
* [Google Maps API for iOS](https://developers.google.com/maps/ios/) - Google maps for iOS.
* [Nutiteq Maps SDK](http://www.nutiteq.com/nutiteq-sdk/overview/) - C++ maps library for iOS, Android, Windows Phone and Xamarin with bindings for Java, ObjectiveC and C#.
* [WhirlyGlobe/Maply](http://mousebird.github.io/WhirlyGlobe/) - Objective C code that is able to read and render vector tiles(and style with mapnik xml) on iOS devices.
* [Processing](https://processing.org/) - Processing is a flexible software sketchbook and a language for learning how to code within the context of the visual arts.
* [P5.js](https://p5js.org/) - Javascript library that starts with the original goal of Processing.
* [Processing.py](http://py.processing.org/) - Python mode for Processing.
* [D3.js](https://d3js.org/) - D3.js is a JavaScript library for manipulating documents based on data.
* [openFrameworks](http://openframeworks.cc/) - openFrameworks is an open source C++ toolkit for creative coding.
* [Blender GIS](https://github.com/domlysz/BlenderGIS) - Blender addons to make the bridge between Blender and geographic data.
* [tippiecannoe](https://github.com/mapbox/tippecanoe) - Build vector tilesets from large collections of GeoJSON features.
* [Kosmtik](https://github.com/kosmtik/kosmtik) - Very lite but extendable mapping framework to create Mapnik ready maps with OpenStreetMap data (and more).
* [mplleaflet](https://github.com/jwass/mplleaflet) - Easily convert matplotlib plots from Python into interactive Leaflet web maps.
* [GeoGig](https://github.com/locationtech/geogig) - GeoGig is a Distributed Version Control System (DVCS) specially designed to handle geospatial data efficiently.
* [TZ Timezone Shapefiles](http://efele.net/maps/tz/world/) - Polygon boundaries of world timezones.
* [USGS Earth Explorer](http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/) - Provides online search,metadata export, and data download for earth science data from the archives of the USGS.
* [GeoNames](www.geonames.org) - The GeoNames geographical database covers all countries and contains over eight million place names (cities, postal codes, countries) that are available for download free of charge.
* [Mapzen](https://mapzen.com/metro-extracts) - It provides data in OSM/PBF and Esri shapefile formats for popular cities.
* [Geofabrik](http://download.geofabrik.de/) - This is another source of prepared OpenStreetMap data. This distribution is generally built nightly and comes in OSM XML, pbf, and shapefile (for very popular areas) formats.
* [Natural Earth](www.naturalearthdata.com) - This site offers public domain map data sets that contain both raster and vector data.
* [Cartographical Map Projections](http://www.progonos.com/furuti/MapProj/Normal/TOC/cartTOC.html) - A good introduction to projected coordinate systems
* [Spatialreference.org](http://spatialreference.org/) - Source for coordinate system information.
