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<xml><p>
I scanned this excerpt in from the book, "The Delicate Balance" ,
written by John Zajac. 1989-1990 . ISBN Number 0-910311-57-9 .</p>
<p>** Begin Excerpt **</p>
<p> Automation
----------</p>
<p>To understand how 666 relates to this discussion, one needs to explore
technology. One pertinent contributor to this technology is the
International Business Machines Corporation. IBM developed a laser method
of information transfer that has now become universally accepted. Lasers are
used for many different applications in society today, such as measuring
distances, detecting structural flaws, determining straightness, and so
forth. You can see the IBM system at your local supermarket quickly reading
prices and controlling inventory as it prints out a list of all purchased
items. Since checkers no longer have to punch keys on a register, check-out
time and errors are reduced. This system also provides the shopper with an
itemized receipt. That receipt information is stored in a central computer,
which keeps inventory and indicates what products the store should order, as
well as which products should no longer be carried.</p>
<p>But the use of automation is going considerably further. In fact, in Fresno,
California, one of eight regional test cities, a new computer system called
Behavior Scan gives shoppers a bar code card that is read at each purchase.
The computer then keeps a detailed list of all purchases made by a family,
including brands and quantity of each product. This same computer is also
attached to the user's home television set to monitor what is being watched.
It then selects commercials to be shown to that customer to affect his
specific buying habits. While most customers claim that they are not
affected by these commercials, the advertising companies have spent a lot of
money on research proving otherwise. Is this the start of a more modern
version of George Orwell's "1984," the complete control depicted in Vance
Packard's 'The Hidden Persuaders' ? Certainly, computers are powerful and
indispensable tools. Thanks to computers, paychecks are deposited
automatically into checking and savings accounts at predefined rates while
many bills and loans are automatically paid on time every month. The system
works so well that many institutions give a discount on loans and insurance
payments if automatic payment is used (they are more confident that they
will be paid and on time). This can convenientiy save time, postage, and
worry. The world is positioned to facilitate the ever growing requirements
for increased automation and convenience.</p>
<p>The convenience of computers is everywhere. Even a simple inexpensive $3
watch contains a computer. No longer does it merely tell time; it also can
add and subtract, keep time in three different zones, give the day and the
date, and beep at predetermined intervals. Computerized voices in fancy cars
warn you if you have not fastened your seat belt, that your oil is low, or
that you are almost out of fuel. The proliferation of computers has created
a strong dependence on them, for real need and pure convenience. The average
American's name is accessed 35 times a day by computer, and this is only the
beginning as we become plugged into the ever-growing system.</p>
<p>Our credit card system is also very convenient. Carrying cash is unnecessary
and sometimes useless, for example, when renting a car or cashing a check.
With a credit card, transactions are easier, and banks are now able (and
more then willing), to deduct payment of your credit card bill automatically
from your main account.</p>
<p>In fact, paper money soon may become a thing af the past for three reasons:</p>
<p>1. The government is concerned about the advances being made in color
xerographic technology. Advanced copy machines will soon be able to produce
counterfeit bills that are indistinguishable from government issues. The
FBI reported that up to 20 percent of people having access to advanced color
copiers will produce some counterfeit bills.</p>
<p>2. The successful introduction of the Smart Card in France and U.S. test
cities such as Washington, D.C., and Norfolk, Virginia, may render cash
obsolete. This Smart Card, manufactured by Motorola and Toshiba carries a
complete history of the user, including a physical description and health
record. The card allows direct payment to the seller by instantaneously
deducting the purchase amount and any service charges directly from the
cardholder's account. Thus, not only is the seller paid immediately but,
also, the card companies save millions of dollars by eliminating bad
payments and personal bankruptcy debts. Reducing credit card fraud should
also save card companies large sums of money. For example, MasterCard could
save $25 million annually by eliminating fraudulent cards. By the end of
1990, 20 million fraud-resistant cards will be in use in France. Seventeen
other countries have agreed to a standard card for all bank machines. Visa,
Eurocheque, Eurocard and MasterCard have already agreed to a method to make
their cards, systems, and money access interchangeable. Thus, by eliminating
checks and voluntary payments, the credit card industry would save 3.2
billion dollars per year.</p>
<p>3. The Federal Government is paying close attention to methods for taxing
the $300 billion underground economy in the United States. Unreported income
costs the U.S. Treasury $90 billion per year. If cash were eliminated,
computers could keep track of all income.</p>
<p>Evidence that cards may soon replace cash (and checks) was provided by Arco
service stations and Lucky supermarkets, which announced in September 1986
that their pumps and check-out stands now accept automatic teller bank
cards. With this system, payment is deducted electronically from the user's
bank account before the user received his purchase. Within one month, 6,400
service stations and supermarkets in 23 states were fitted with the system.</p>
<p>The gentlemen who came up with the laser reader in supermarkets for IBM
also invented the means of placing the same kind of bar code beneath living
tissue in one-billionth of a second. This marking is totally invisible to
the naked eye, and it can be read only by a certain type of laser. The
writing and reading is totally harmless and painless. The inventor
demonstrated this system in 1979 by marking salmon as they swam downstream.
The fish were totally unaware of the process as the laser burned a code into
their flesh. The computer then keeps track of the codes. Years later, these
fish will be detected by the same system as they swim back upstream and are
forced through fish ladders and chutes. *</p>
<p>Just as impressive is what Walter Wriston, the chairman of CitiCorp did in
1983. He passed a rule within the bank that was later withdrawn as a result
of public outcry. His rule stated that unless you were a depositor of $5,000
or more, you were not entitled to a teller. This meant that the vast
majority of depositors would have to stand in line outside the bank and
"talk" to machines. This was an economic move, of course, because banks have
had some problems of late. But its message was that people would no longer
talk to people. If banks could establish such a policy, then they could make
the minimum deposit higher and higher. Finally everything for everyone would
be done by machines. The concern is that we are reaching a highly automated
state, which if followed to the next logical step might have profound
impacts on how we rate life.</p>
<p>Even more startling was an "off the cuff"' statement made by an other
chairman of an eastern megabank: He announced that a method is in place that
can imprint in human hands a silicon chip the size of the head of a pin.
That chip will include not only the person's identification number, Social
Security number, name and birthplace, but also his criminal background,
educational level financial worth in the community, and his political
affiliations.</p>
<p>* Such a system is currently manufactured by Taymar, Inc., Westminster, CO
The U.S. Agriculture Department uses the product for cattle. Will it be
used for people in the future?</p>
<p>With such a system, the minute someone walked through the door of the bank,
he would be sensed and the bank would know who he was, where he came from,
what he did, and how much he was worth. All this would occur before a person
could reach the counter.</p>
<p>Now this was one step further than even progressive thinkers envisioned.
There had been discussions about placing codes on the hand to be used as
identification marks, like fingerprints, similar to package bar codes in
supermarkets. With such a system you would not need cash or a validated
check or even a Smart Card. You could put your hand through a laser and be
read by the computer. The store would automatically deduct the amount of the
purchase from your account. The method would be efficient in terms of cost,
speed, thoroughness, and elimination of bad checks. * But the price of all
this automation is individual independence from nameless bureaucrats looking
over your shoulder and approving (allowing) every transaction.</p>
<p>The amount of control would be unprecedented: however, the government would
immediately know how to put this control to use. People would no longer be
able to cheat the government because every time anyone had any money, the
government would know about it. The government could collect taxes each time
you spent your money, and, thus, there would be no more filing on April
15th. It also means that advanced printing and photocopying machines could
not be used for counterfeiting. Even a law breaker who traded with stolen
goods would have his purchase and sale traced by computer as he tried to
move or "spend" funds. The government would monitor every transaction,
knowing precisely everyone's location, actions, and worth. Instant
evaluations, approval or disapproval, and tax deductions on every individual
would be made.</p>
<p>* Such systems are not in the distant future. Six thousand people in Sweden
have accepted a mark on their right hands in a test of a totally cashless
society. Tests also have been conducted in Japan and the Dominican Republic
in Latin America.</p>
<p>Small wonder that the government likes this idea.
Governments have always liked control. They would like to control
everything, even the areas they say they do not want to control, such as
business, transportation, education, religion, entertainment, and other
governments. If this sounds the least bit exaggerated just look at our
government's actions regarding the restrictions of business concerning tax
credit, labor laws, advertising, antitrust, and corporate subsidies. Even in
deregulation, transportation requires licensing, registration, inspection,
subsidies, price controls, flight approval, and government flight
controllers. Although there may be talk of eliminating the Federal
Department of Education there is no attempt to reduce control of school
curriculum, subsidies, and even school lunches. Most universities are
dependent on federal aid and research grants.</p>
<p>The government controls religion by granting tax exemption to "desired
religions" and by making it illegal to pray in school. The government
exercises control of entertainment by licensing and or censoring television,
radio, movies, and books. The Federal Government also seeks to control other
governments by rewarding or threatening them with trade concessions,
military or econonic aid, sanctions, or war. The highest people in
government, it would seem, want the government to have total control of
everything.</p>
<p>In Orwell's 1984, the government "took over," and everyone was controlled by
"Big Brother." In reality, government may take over, not through control of
transportation and censorship, but through the economy, the lending
institutions, and every financial transaction. Is it too far-fetched to
imagine that you may have to take a mark on your hand to be able to buy and
sell and exist in a modern society? The technology exists. The chairman of
the megabank was asked what it would take to motivate people to put little
pieces of silicon under their skin. He answered, "a major catastrophe." He
knew people would not do it voluntarily.</p>
<p>Of course if there was a financial or national emergency (catastrophe), the
government would exercise unprecedented control, and compliance of citizens
would be anything but voluntary.</p>
<p> Central Computing
-----------------</p>
<p>As mentioned earlier, the impact of computers on society has been enormous.
However, their likely future role may be overwhelming. As powerful as
computers are, their effectiveness is greatly multiplied when they can
communicate with other computers. For example, missile launch command
computers talk to U.S. Weather Bureau computers to update the possible
flight paths of thousands of Minuteman missiles every hour. Thus, to enhance
a system's capabilities, computers need to talk to computers. To sort out
the enormous amount of cross-references, a central computer is needed.</p>
<p>The central computer for America is in Texas, and the international computer
that ties all the national central computers together is situated in
Brussels, Belgium. The Brussels computer is housed in a 13 story building,
the first three floors of which are occupied totally by this system's
hardware. Because of its size. the Brussels computer is referred to
affectionately as "the Beast."</p>
<p>This immense computer has enough capacity to store every detail about the
lives of every human being on Earth, the information contained in the
Library of Congress, and every book ever printed. Having operated for years,
it stores a growing volume of information as additional countries tie into
it ever more heavily. This allows international banking, interstate banking,
and quick credit references. Money can be moved from New York to California
or London in minutes. If a deposit is made in a bank other than where the
check was drawn, banks usually impose a 5 to 10-day holding period.
Actually, this practice is just a means for banks to increase their "float"
and thus to increase their profits, since the money is transferred within
one day. What happens to the money for the other days? The bank uses it to
float shorter loans by which the bank earns interest. Banks typically wait
longer to issue credit because they want to use the money for as many days
as possible.</p>
<p>Daily manipulation of funds by banks is common. Many banks are forced to
move their funds around the globe with the sun to have their reserves where
they are needed-in the banks that are open. Even the CIA likes the
capability of the central computer because it can check on personnel
mobility, foreign trading, and all financial transactions.</p>
<p>Many advanced computers are available with many designations, but one is
especially interesting. NCR produced a six-core memory computer with 60
bytes per word in conjunction with six bits to the character. It is named
and advertised as the 6-60-6 which defines the size and shape of the
computer. The only way this can be pronounced is six sixty-six (666). In
computer language, 666 has a unique significance.</p>
<p>A computer is an information retrieval system, and all of its information is
stored as numbers. A computer's memory cell has only two states-on and off,
or mathematically 1 and 0. Thus, every number must be represented in 1's and
0's. We use a decimal system based on 10; thus, it has 10 symbols: 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Computers use a binary system using two symbols (0
and 1). To manage large numbers, computers use a binary coded decimal system
(BCD) which consists of groups of four digits, to make up all numbers. By
comparing the groups of number listed below one can find each system's
equivalent symbol. Thus, 0011, 0111, 0101 in the binary coded decimal system
is equal to our decimal system number 1,375.</p>
<p> Decimal System Binary System</p>
<p> 0 - 0000
1 - 0001
2 - 0010
3 - 0011
4 - 0100
5 - 0101
6 - 0110
7 - 0111
8 - 1000
9 - 1001</p>
<p>(For various reasons, some computers use Base 8 (0-7) and therefore do not
use the last two symbols shown.)</p>
<p>As shown in the BCD system, the number 6 is represented by 0110. This is
unique because 0110 written backwards or upside-down is still 0110. The
only other number in the BCD system with the same property is its complement
1001, or 9. (However, not every computer counts past 7.) This consistency is
the same in every country in the world, unaffected by language because every
computer speaks the same language of "1's" and "0's." Thus, 0110,0110,0110
is 666 universally.</p>
<p>In the Book of Revelation; John said that 666 is the mark of the beast. This
number also represents the universal consistency of the computers that will
be required to control the world's finances and thus the world's people.
When John wrote 1,900 years ago, he did not know anything about the binary
number system, computers, or why computers would require binary coded
decimals. Yet, he stated emphatically that the mark of the beast is 666.</p>
<p>Is this to say that the endtime beast is merely a building located in
Belgium? No! The Brussels computer is no more the beast than a general is
an army. The significance is that computerization for financial dominance is
the financial beast. The beast is a false god and the worship of that false
god. Worship means "worth respect." A false god does not have to assume the
figure of a man: It is the physical representation of that which controls,
that which is worshipped. So, if people worship the "$" symbol too much for
what it can acquire, influence, or accomplish, then that can qualify it as
the false god. The Brussels computer is only the figurehead of a vast,
soon-to-be indispensable financial network that will control all financial
transactions and thus all business and people.</p>
<p>He who controls the system controls all. What is feared by some is that
whoever is in control wiil demand that all take the code (mark) on their
hand to be able to buy and sell. Money, credit cards, and checkbooks would
be totally eliminated. Everything would be done through the government,
through the computer, giving the government total control. The greatest fear
is that when receiving the mark, you also may be forced to pledge allegiance
to your flag and (as in the days of kings) to your ruler, but in this case
the world leader would be the Antichrist. Of course, to have allegiance with
the Antichrist is to make a pact with the Devil. If you think that this
unified system is very far away, then you have missed some intriguing news
items.</p>
<p>As you probably are aware, the government has been talking about a national
identification number for some time. It is supposed to make record keeping
easier and to provide a means of crosschecking. It will help find deserting
husbands who owe child support as well as locate tax evaders. Most people
anticipate that the Social Security number will play a part in this national
identification code.</p>
<p>The government's system for identification uses 18 digits, the last nine of
which are the Social Security number. Virtually every citizen in the country
over the age of 1 will be forced to have a Social Security number. At
present, a Social Security number is necessary to have a job or a
savings/checking account. Starting 1990, every child over one year old must
have a Sociai Security number to qualify as a dependent on tax returns.
Preceding this 9-digit Social Security number are 3 digits corresponding to
one's telephone area code. Obviously, the whole world is tied by phone; even
barren deserts with no inhabitants have area codes. In front of these
numbers is a country code; for America it is 110. From this single
universally consistent number, the government will instantly know a person's
country, region, and identity. Does that seem logical so far? But that
accounts for only 15 digits, and the system is based on 18. The missing
3-digit code specifes that you are in the system: 666.</p>
<p>All computerized companies are going to 18-digit identification codes.
According to the report '666 Is Here,' Sears Roebuck is going on this system
and is committed to changing over all its credit cards. J.C. Penney's is
reported to be switching over, as well as New York Telephone. The U.S.
Government used to prefix all the serial numbers of everything it owned with
the code 451. But that also is changing; the dog tags on every soldier in
America are to be converted to 666.</p>
<p>Is that enough to concern you? The point is that 666 is a significant and
important part of what the future is going to hold. The Bible prophesied it.
Nostradamus explained it, and we are presently at the very edge of seeing it
become enacted. Rumors abound about people receiving checks with these
marks, governments admit they need better financial control, and the
chairman of one of the largest banks says, "It's ready; we just need a major
catastrophe."</p>
<p>** End Excerpt **
</xml>

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@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ written by John Zajac. 1989-1990 . ISBN Number 0-910311-57-9 .</p>
<p>** Begin Excerpt **</p>
<p> Automation
----------</p>
<p> Automation
----------</p>
<p>To understand how 666 relates to this discussion, one needs to explore
technology. One pertinent contributor to this technology is the
@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ knew people would not do it voluntarily.</p>
government would exercise unprecedented control, and compliance of citizens
would be anything but voluntary.</p>
<p> Central Computing
-----------------</p>
<p> Central Computing
-----------------</p>
<p>As mentioned earlier, the impact of computers on society has been enormous.
However, their likely future role may be overwhelming. As powerful as
@ -261,18 +261,18 @@ comparing the groups of number listed below one can find each system's
equivalent symbol. Thus, 0011, 0111, 0101 in the binary coded decimal system
is equal to our decimal system number 1,375.</p>
<p> Decimal System Binary System</p>
<p> Decimal System Binary System</p>
<p> 0 - 0000
1 - 0001
2 - 0010
3 - 0011
4 - 0100
5 - 0101
6 - 0110
7 - 0111
8 - 1000
9 - 1001</p>
<p> 0- 0000
1- 0001
2- 0010
3- 0011
4- 0100
5- 0101
6- 0110
7- 0111
8- 1000
9- 1001</p>
<p>(For various reasons, some computers use Base 8 (0-7) and therefore do not
use the last two symbols shown.)</p>
@ -355,4 +355,4 @@ chairman of one of the largest banks says, "It's ready; we just need a major
catastrophe."</p>
<p>** End Excerpt **
</p></xml>
</p></xml>

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<xml><p>Title: The Proven existance of 9 dimensional planes</p>
<p>Intro: In order to understand these files, one must assume the following is
completely true. If not assumed, one will be completely lost in the text of
the following files. You may laugh if you wish, but if you want to understand
the theory you must make compensations on your part. Ok, on with the file...</p>
<p>Volume I: Defining the 9 planes</p>
<p>Written by: Starmaster and Locust</p>
<p>1st dimensional plane: This plane consists of only the single dimension
of length. It is not advised to try to envision this dimension for it may
cause insanity, seriously.</p>
<p>2nd dimensional plane: This plane consists of both length and width. It
is not adviable to envision this either. The first and second planes are
not the same as the fourth dimension and are uncomprehendable except by
entities "living" in that plane of thought and sight.</p>
<p>3rd dimensional plane: This is the plane of depth. This one is easily
imagined by 4th dimensional entities, because they are so close to it, and
had just passed out of it.</p>
<p>4th dimensional plane: This is the plane that the entities that we call
beings "live" on. It consists of the forward movement of time. It is the one
we are on right now.</p>
<p>The cross-over: This is a place where the 4th dimensional entities make their
way into the 5th and above. It is often refered to as death, yet it is only a
cross-over point. At this point, all knowledge of the 4th and below
dimensions is lost.</p>
<p>5th dimensional plane: This plane consists of the backwards movement of
time. Although considered impossible by 4th dimensional entities, those
entities are only thinking in the 4th dimensional phase. Remember everything
else from here on out is done in metaphysical thinking.</p>
<p>6th dimensional plane: This is the plane of clairvoyance. Remember, all of
this you must assume, or no comprehension of the later explanations
will be understood. Not much is known about this plane, except you "inhabit"
the sense of clairvoyance.</p>
<p>7th dimensional plane: This is the plane of telekinesis. This is even less
understood than the plane of clairvoyance, yet it does exist. This
often thought of as "supernatural", when in fact it a real thing.</p>
<p>8th dimensional plane: This is the plane of perception. It is the highest any
entity can evolve to. It consists of all the planes from five and up.</p>
<p>9th dimensional plane: God. Refered to by many, but understood by few. All
cultures and beings, be it from our world or others, have this vision. God
created all life, so all life lives by him.</p>
<p>These are the explanations of all the dimensional planes. Dimensional planes
are achieved by the evolution of the mind/soul/entity, which are all the
same thing. Evolution is a continual learning process. As we evolve we
understand more, yet raise more questions. This theory is to help those
understand the answers to many questions concerning God and the
"supernatural". One thing is assumed. We are not the only lifeforms in this
universe. All lifeforms were created by God, and will evolve through the
process God laid forth unto us. The universe is infinitely large, which
shows God's power is also infinitely large.</p>
<p>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p>Volume II: Explanation of the Planes and their signifigance to the supernatural</p>
<p>Intro: This is the second part to the previous file on the proven existance of
9 dimensional planes. As stated in the last phile, one must assume all things
true in order to understand and comprehend the intensity of this phile. This
one will deal with the questions brought about by the theory itself.</p>
<p>One thing must be understood in this file. All the entities, in all the
dimensional planes, co-exist with one another in this one universe. There is
but one universe, in which all entities live in. There are no "outside"
universes. Everything co-exists in this one universe.</p>
<p>Explanation of "Insane Persons":</p>
<p>An insane person is thought of as a person without the ability to think clearly
and comprehend things on a 4th dimensional basis. They are not "insane". That
is a term 4th dimensional entities give to those entities which are not on the
the same thought plane that the other entities are on. Every plane is just a
level of thought process. In the past file I stated that evolution is a
continuing process of learning. The "insane" persons of a 4th dimensional
community are not on the same thought plane we consider ourselves on.</p>
<p>Explanation of "supernatural" powers</p>
<p>This deals with the idea of persons who are able to channel their psychic
powers to do physical things. This also deals with fortune tellers and People
who can see the future, i.e. Nostradameus. These occurances are also explained
by the thought level that these entities are on. They are actually 6th or 7th
dimensional beings stuck in a 4th deminsional body. Because 99.8% of the
population of the 4th dimension only thinks in 4 dimensions, they are often
considered "supernatural", "witches", "prophets", ect. You then will ask, if I
came up with this, how come I can't bend spoons with a thought. The answer is
simple. I am now just discovering this phenomenon. I have an upbringing of this
not really happening, but being a science-fiction thing. The people who do know
how to do these things have been concentrating all their lives to use this
"super" power givin to them by God. If everone thought on the 8th dimension,
there would be no use for a God. It is all a process of learning and
comprehending.</p>
<p>Explanation of "Ghosts, Spirits, and Poltergeists"</p>
<p>This is about the simplest thing to explain. As I stated above, all entities
co-exist in the same universe, for there is only one, which is infinite.
Sometimes, 4th dimensional beings see things they aren't "supposed" to see.
People are brought up with the idea ghosts are science-fiction, when in fact
they are a real thing. Sometimes these entities are accidently crossed back for
a few seconds, years, or minutes.</p>
<p>Explanation of Heaven or the Kingdom of God</p>
<p>This is fairly easily comprehended, if one thinks beyond the 4th dimension. It
is but the enternity at the other side of the cross-over. What do you think the
"light at the end of the tunnel" is? It is the "other side" or 5th dimension.
People lose their physical bodies and are "able to fly" around. This also
explains the angels 4th dimensional beings continually say are immortal.</p>
<p>Explanation of Immortality</p>
<p>Immortality is an easily comprehendable concept, if one thinks of a positive
charge and a negative charge. When thrown together, they cancel each other out.
This is the same priciple when you combine forward and reverse time together.
After you make the cross-over, your mind adapts to backwards time, yet when
backwards time collides with forward time it cancels it out. Therefore the
state of immortality is reached.</p>
<p>The one constant</p>
<p>There is but one constant in all the dimensions. Plank's constant is only
valuable in 4th dimensional science and so is the speed of light. There is only
one constant in all of the 9 dimensions. It is the emotions. No one can explain
emotions except this phile. Emotions are the only constant of the co-existant
universe. Think about it. Why do you think the "ghosts" are happy, sad, angry,
ect., ect., when you see them. It is because of the power and intensity of the
emotional constant. When emotions of the 5th and above dimensional entities
gains great intensity, it then is transfered to all other dimensions.</p>
<p>That about does it for this file. That pretty much explains everything that I
can think of dealing with the unexplainable. If you can think of any more,
leave mail on Centre of Eternity for Starmaster (#75). I will ponder for the
answer, until I can get a suitable one using this theory. None will be turned
away. Who knows, maybe I'll get enough quetions to write another phile. Slatez
dudes.</p>
<p>Greets to all metaphysical thinkers. This should answer some of your questions.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Call Centre of Eternity-(615)552-5747/ 40 megs on-line/ 12/2400 baud.
HQ of The Esoteric Society and Toxic Shock
Call Ripco-(312)528-5020/ 12-9600 baud/ 60+ megs on-line
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</xml>

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Call Centre of Eternity-(615)552-5747/ 40 megs on-line/ 12/2400 baud.
HQ of The Esoteric Society and Toxic Shock
HQ of The Esoteric Society and Toxic Shock
Call Ripco-(312)528-5020/ 12-9600 baud/ 60+ megs on-line
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<xml><p>The A-Z of Conspiracy
As everyone knows, we are never allowed to know who is really
controlling our lives/the country/the world. But is this knowledge a
dangerous thing? To clear up this question beyond reasonable doubt
Life provides a comprehensive guide to the theoretical corridors and
sinister back offices in which true power (and general paranoia) may
(or may not) lie
02/12/95
THE GUARDIAN
Conspiracy theories are the will-o'-the-wisps of the modern
world. They provide an alternative history to the authorised
version of events, a coherent demonology in a godless, devil-less
age.
Conspiracy theories fill a human need. They make some sense of
the cruel narrative that is the 20th century. They turn the random
violence of a lone madman into an act of orchestrated malice. In
this way the loss of a figure like Kennedy becomes somehow more
comprehensible. To be angry is more bearable than to be uncertain.
This soothing function can be at odds with truth, however.
Alternative conspiracist history is as flawed as the `authorised'
version. Worse, a conspiracist view can suppress awkward pieces of
information by toying with the notion that events have been covered
up by the authorities to suit their own ends: encounters with alien
space ships, the real makers of the Lockerbie bomb and the truth
about Rudolf Hess have all been hidden from the public but the
higher officers of the state are in the know.
Some of the conspiracy theories which date from earlier this
century have more ignoble, murkier origins. Anti-semites were
behind the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, the Jewish Conspiracy
and countless others. Their modern equivalents are put about by
neo-Nazi cliques. Again, these conspiracy theories have a human
function. Failure in life is more bearable if `the truth' is that
the Jews/the blacks/the Illuminati have conspired against you, it
allows you to ignore the fact that you are a spotty social
inadequate with bad breath and too-tight lederhosen.
The conspiracy theorist is the bane of the working journalist.
The need for some sliver of evidence to support assertions is
secondary to the spell of the theory: that, for the conspiracy
theorist, is its charm. This difficulty is compounded by the fact
that not all conspiracy theories are untrue. Those in power across
the world do prefer to keep embarrassing truths secret; they do
cover up; they do, from time to time, kill people who get in the
way.
True or not, a rattling good conspiracy theory requires the
following qualities:</p>
<p> 1 it must be difficult, better still, impossible, to understand
at first glance.
2 it must contain a spaghetti-heap of leads, all of which cannot
be followed up. There must always be one more lead left to chase.
3 The story should speak to a `wider' truth about our society,
through a series of disconnected or unconnected or unfalsifiable
propositions.
4 There should be no easy way of verifying it.</p>
<p> The theories below demonstrate all of these qualities to a
greater or lesser degree. To savour our A-Z properly, we suggest
readers mull over it with deadpan credulousness in the small hours
of the morning listening to the theme music from The X-Files and
drinking black coffee.
A IS FOR ALIEN ENCOUNTERS that are being covered up by the
authorities. Perhaps the best-documented close encounter of the
third kind took place on 27 December 1980, when airmen at two RAF
stations in East Anglia witnessed something extraordinary. First
radar operators at RAF Watton in Norfolk picked up an oddity on
their screens. Then RAF Phantom pilots reported seeing intense
bright lights in the sky. Former radar operator Mal Scurrah said:
`As the Phantoms got close the hovering object shot upwards at
phenomenal speed " monitored at more than 1,000 mph.' Later, airmen
stationed at RAF Woodbridge in Suffolk investigated a mystery fire
in Rendlesham Forest. Sergeant Jim Penniston witnessed the
encounter with airman John Burroughs. Penniston said: `The air was
filled with electricity and we saw an object about the size of a
tank. It was triangular, moulded of black glass and had symbols on
it. Suddenly it shot off faster than any aircraft I have ever
observed.' The next day the object returned. Base commander Lt Col
Charles Halt saw the flying saucer himself: `I couldn't believe
what I was seeing. It looked like the rising sun with a black
pulsating centre. It appeared to be dripping molten metal.' Hall
acted coolly, taping and photographing the object engineered by `an
intelligence which didn't originate on Earth'. His tape and film
were confiscated by visiting US defence officials. Former British
Chief of Defence Staff Lord Hill-Norton has claimed: `Someone is
sitting on information that should be in the public domain.'
Believability: 9/10 (Possible explanation: what the airmen saw may
not have been a UFO, but a prototype of the Stealth bomber, which
has a black triangular shape, a strange radar print and was, in
1980, ultra-secret. Project Aurora, a new ultra-ultra-secret
Pentagon Black Budget reconnaissance aircraft, is probably
responsible for all subsequent UFO sightings.)</p>
<p> B IS FOR THE BILDERBERG GROUP, which organises semi-secret
annual three-day meetings of the European-Atlantic great and good
from the worlds of business, diplomacy and politics. The first
meetings were organised in 1954 by eminence grise Joseph Retinger,
the then secretary general of the newly fledged, CIA-funded
European Movement. Karl Otto Pohl, then president of Deutsche
Bundesbank, David Rockefeller, Lord Carrington and Governor Bill
Clinton of Arkansaswere among recent delegates. Denis Healey was at
that first meeting and, having retired, discusses Bilderberg in his
autobiography, The Time Of My Life. Bilderberg is one of the
transnational groups suspected by the European-American far Right
of being part of the secret elite power structure. Even the
Financial Times column `Lombard' has noted: `If the Bilderberg
group is not a conspiracy of some sort, it is conducted in such a
way as to give a remarkably good imitation of one.' Believability:
8/10
C IS FOR CEAUSESCU, who was tried and executed on Christmas Day
to hush up the complicity of Romania's new leaders in his crimes.
The videotape of the Christmas Day show trial of Nicolae and Elena
Ceausescu is an absorbing spectacle. Time and again, Ceausescu and
his wife turn on their interrogators and accuse them of knowing the
answers to the questions they have posed. Prosecutor: `What do you
know about the Securitate?' Elena: `They are sitting across from us
here.' The old witch was right, of course, because sitting in the
courtroom were secret police chiefs like Colonel Magureanu, who had
been party to the attack on civilians in Timisoara which had
triggered the revolution. He was later promoted by the leader of
the conspirators, Ion Iliescu " a former Ceausescu crony " to head
the renamed secret police, the `Romanian Information Service'.
Iliescu became and remains president, the tainted hero of a tainted
revolution.
Believability: 10/10</p>
<p> D IS FOR `DEEP THROAT', the mole in the Nixon administration
guiding the Washington Post journalists, Woodward and Bernstein, to
the Watergate story. `Throat' remains unidentified. In his book
Hidden Agenda (1984) Jim Hougan nominated both Nixon's chief of
staff, Alexander Haig, and National Security Agency boss, Admiral
Bobby Ray Inman, as candidates; Colodny and Gettlin also fingered
Haig in their book Silent Coup (1991). Barbara Newman, for Channel
4's Dispatches, came up with the head of the FBI field office in
Washington, the late Bob Kunkle. He was allegedly leaking for the
FBI, which was disgruntled by the Nixon cover-up.
Believability: 10/10 (Cynics suspect `Deep Throat' was merely a
dramatic device or a ploy to keep newspaper lawyers quiet.)</p>
<p> E IS FOR ELECTRICITY PYLONS, which fry our brains. A number of
protesters have complained that electro-magnetic waves in overhead
electricity pylons have led to depression, headaches, mental and
physical ill-health. No government ministry has placed much
credence on these complaints. The epidemiology of environmental
effect is notoriously hard to prove, but all good conspiracists
believe there is no smoke without a secret ray.
Believability: 7/10</p>
<p> F IS FOR FREEMASONS, who club together to better themselves in
the world. The majority of active freemasons have sworn not to
divulge the secrets of the craft, on pain of having their tongues
`cut out by the root and buried in the sand below low-water mark'.
Other masons who have tried to break ranks have come to sticky
ends, like `God's Banker' Roberto Calvi, found hanging from
Blackfriars Bridge in 1982. So it is hard to determine just how
much influence is wielded by the grown men who like to dress in
black suits, wear aprons, bare their breasts and roll up their
trouser legs. Not very much, say some sceptics, who suspect that
the masons have more control over, say, haberdashery in
Herefordshire than the British state. But freemasons still hold
some sway in the corridors of power. The Rt Hon the Lord Templeman
and Rt Hon Lord Justice Balcombe, both freemasons, are two of the
most senior judges in the land; junior Foreign Office minister Tony
Baldry, former Tory MP David Trippier and back bench MPs Sir Peter
Emery and Sir Gerard Vaughan are all on the square.
Many police officers, too, remain true to their masonic oaths of
secrecy. In 1993 at a Police Federation conference a motion urging
police officers to reveal membership of the masonic brotherhood was
debated. An officer from Merseyside said it did not matter if
officers `wore a goatskin or rolled up their trouser leg'. Another
said that freemasonry was `not all mumbo-jumbo'.
A third police officer, mocking the calls for more openness
about freemasonry in the ranks, put a paper bag over his head.
Finally a member of the Metropolitan branch came to the rostrum to
announce the vote. `I'm not telling,' he said to laughter. `It's a
secret.' The opponents of freemasonry lost the vote.
Believability: 8/10</p>
<p> G IS FOR THE GEMSTONE FILE, the conspiracy theory which first
surfaced in 1975. Originally a precis by American journalist
Stephania Caruana of allegations made in letters by American
chemist Bruce Roberts, now deceased, Gemstone attributes much of
post-war America's ills to the power of Aristotle Onassis, who had
the Kennedys and Dr King assassinated, seized the Howard Hughes
empire, did a deal with the Mafia, etc. The subject of a couple of
book-length studies to date, Gemstone has appeared in five or six
different versions, each one containing new material. Most striking
is the `Kiwi Gemstone' in which specifically New Zealand incidents
have been embedded in the original American narrative. Authorless,
floating round the world in samizdat form, Gemstone is a perfect,
small-scale disinformation vehicle for anyone who cares to use it.
Believability: 0/10</p>
<p> H IS FOR HESS, locked up in Spandau prison because he knew all
about the secret 1941 negotiations between Britain and Nazi
Germany. Rudolf Hess's flight in May 1941 remains one of the most
bizarre episodes of the Second World War. Lord James
Douglas-Hamilton, son of the Duke of Hamilton, the Scottish
landowner to whom Hess presented his plans, said: `Hess's proposals
consisted of a limited peace deal under which Germany would have
allowed Britain a free hand in her empire in return for Britain
allowing Germany a free hand in Europe and Russia. His so-called
peace plans would have meant the enslavement of Europe.' Hess was
arrested, tried to commit suicide, went mad, was sentenced to life
imprisonment and, at the age of 93, hanged himself in Spandau
prison. Or not, as the case may be.
One theory has it that the Churchill government, in a hideously
clever propaganda campaign against the Nazis, ran a double, `Hess
Two'. Evidence supporting the double theory emerged when a Dutch TV
journalist, Karel Hille, disclosed that he had got the Most Secret
file on Hess via an unnamed British historian who had been given it
by the late MI6 spymaster Sir Maurice Oldfield. Oldfield had,
allegedly, stolen the file from the MI6 archive. That the man,
`Hess Two', who killed himself in prison was not the real Hess is
backed by Hugh Thomas, a Welsh surgeon, who, in the early 1970s,
was consultant to the British Military Hospital in West Berlin.
Thomas examined `Hess Two' and found him to lack the scars the real
Hess should have had after a wound he received in 1917. MI6 had
`Hess Two' hanged because they didn't want the truth to come out.
Then the killers burnt the evidence, including an electrical flex,
with which he was murdered.
Believability: 5/10 (Hess was mad. His 1917 wound was
pea-sized.)</p>
<p> I IS FOR THE ILLUMINATI, the secret society controlling all the
other secret societies. An 18th-century masonic splinter group
begun by Adam Weishaupt, the Illimunati were said to be the hidden
force behind the French Revolution. After the First World War they
were re-launched into the English-speaking world by one Nesta
Webster who credited them with organising the Russian October
Revolution too. In 1921 the Spectator described Weishaupt as a
`Prussian with criminal instincts and lunatic perversions . . .
{who} shunted continental freemasonry on to Antinomian and
revolutionary lines.' In the demonology of the Anglo-American far
Right, the Illuminati largely replaced the Jews as the spider at
the centre of the web. These theories were brilliantly parodied in
the Illuminatus! trilogy (1976) by Robert Anton Wilson and Robert
Shea.
Believability: 0/10</p>
<p> J IS FOR JAMES JESUS ANGLETON, the orchid-growing,
poetry-writing, paranoid head of CIA counter intelligence
throughout much of the Cold War. Angleton believed the CIA and all
other spy networks to be so much gorgonzola, riddled with KGB
moles. In his search for these moles Angleton paralysed large
chunks of the CIA for years at a stretch and blighted the careers
of many senior officers.
It was Angleton who insisted in the 1960s that MI5 investigate
Harold Wilson, a task taken up enthusiastically by Peter Wright and
his circle in MI5. Angleton's overarching idiocy was to believe the
KGB defector Golitsyn, who claimed that the friction between the
Soviet Union and Mao's China in the late 1960s was a fake to
deceive the West. Despite the collapse of the Soviet Union,
Golitsyn remains convinced that it is all a black propaganda ploy.
However, the confession of top CIA man Aldrich Ames that he was a
KGB mole have proved some of Angleton's fears correct.
Believability: 6/10</p>
<p> K IS FOR KENNEDY, killed by almost anyone you care to mention.
According to Captain James T Kirk of the Starship Enterprise, the
`first rule of assassination is kill the assassins'. The killing of
Lee Harvey Oswald by Jack Ruby set a hare running that has never
stopped. Instead of Oswald's courtroom confession or denial of
guilt providing some explanation of the killing of the president,
the assassination of the assassin let conjecture reign.
So many had a hand in his murder it is too tedious to name them
all. Oliver Stone argued in his film JFK that Lyndon Baines Johnson
was the man behind the conspiracy. The KGB, the Mafia, the Cubans,
the FBI and the masons are all contenders. Perhaps the best JFK
conspiracy theory is that he is, after all, still alive, but kept a
permanent prisoner by the National Security Council.
Believability: 1/10</p>
<p> L IS FOR LOCKERBIE. On 21 December 1988, 270 people were
murdered when Pan Am 103 exploded over Scotland.
Six years later no one has been convicted of the crime, although
investigators on both sides of the Atlantic have consistently
pointed the finger at two Libyan intelligence officers who they
believe planted the bomb on a plane from Malta before it was
transferred at Frankfurt on to the fatal flight. UN sanctions are
enforced against Tripoli until Colonel Gadaffi agrees to hand over
the two for trial.
Others are not convinced by the official line. Tales of
suitcases of heroin recovered at the crash site by mysterious
American intelligence officers point to a joint CIA/Drug
Enforcement Administration operation that was fatally compromised
by Syrian and Iranian-backed Palestinian terrorists. American
spooks were running `controlled' deliveries of Lebanese heroin
through Frankfurt airport in return for information about the
whereabouts of the hostages in Beirut. The terrorists were aware of
this and switched the dope-filled Samsonite case with one
containing the bomb. Among those killed were Matthew Gannon, the
CIA's deputy head of station in Beirut, and Major Charles McKee, a
Defence Intelligence Agency officer allegedly in charge of a
hostage rescue team. Some students of the tragedy have gone so far
as to suggest that McKee was flying home to blow the whistle,
disgusted that deals were being struck with dope dealers in order
to gain intelligence on the kidnap victims.
Believability: 8/10</p>
<p> M IS FOR DAVID MELLOR, got at by Mossad after his
pro-Palestinian outburst in 1988 on the West Bank. The Israelis
were out to topple Mellor after he became the most prominent critic
in the British Government of their conduct in the Occupied
Territories.
First, they managed to secure his removal as junior Foreign
Office minister, threatening to stop passing on intelligence
information about the hostages in Beirut unless Mellor was moved.
Second, they arranged for the clandestine phone-tapping
operation which led to the highly embarrassing `toe-sucking'
allegations.
The result: Mellor was forced to quit the Cabinet.
Believability: 5/10
N IS FOR NOSTRADAMUS, the 16th- century psychic seer who
predicted Napoleon, Hitler and the killing of John Kennedy. The
seer's muddily-written quatrains have spawned more than 200 books,
a propaganda war between the Nazis and the Allies during the Second
World War, a movie, an American TV spin-off show, Monopoly-style
board games, a virtual reality game and even a watch, which ticks
down the seconds from 1 January 1995 to the millennium.
Whitstable housewife Valerie Hewitt, author of Nostradamus: His
Key To The Centuries (Heinemann, 1994), predicts that Prince
Charles will be crowned this year. `It will be something sudden
that will affect the Queen, an illness " whether it is political or
genuine it doesn't matter. And Diana will be offered the chance to
become Queen. But Charles's reign will be short and William could
be king before he's 18.' In 1993 she predicted that George Bush
would stay as president.
Rival Nostradamus buff John Hogue is more apocalyptic. He plumps
for nuclear disaster or terrorism in 1996, World War III before the
millennium and Aids " `a very great plague . . . with a great scab'
" and the ozone hole killing off two-thirds of the world population.
He quotes the prophet's vision of the future: `So many {die}
that no one will know the true owners of fields and houses. The
weeds in the city streets will rise higher than the knees, and
there shall be a total desolation of the clergy.' Believability:
0/10 (The verses of Nostradamus clearly refer to events and places
in the 16th century. For example, nowhere does he mention `Hitler',
only `Hister', the contemporary name for the Lower Danube.)</p>
<p> P IS FOR PROMIS SOFTWARE, stolen from a Washington law firm. In
1982 a Washington DC computer firm, Inslaw, developed a programme
called Promis (Prosecutors' Management Information System) which it
supplied to the US Justice Department for $10 million. A year
later, Justice stopped all payments and Inslaw went bankrupt. A
ruling in 1987 at a bankruptcy court concluded that the Justice
Department `took, converted and stole Promis software through
trickery, fraud and deceit', which is a little embarrassing for the
department charged with upholding the rule of law.
So far, so what? It is only when people started to probe into
why Justice had acted in such a way that it gets interesting,
prompting one investigator to claim that the case `was a lot
dirtier for the department than Watergate had been, both in its
breadth and depth'.
It turns out that (allegedly) the men behind the theft of the
software were all Reagan appointees who helped engineer the 1980
`October Surprise', whereby the Republicans struck a deal with the
Iranians not to release American Embassy hostages from Tehran until
after Reagan was safely in the White House. The software was then
sold on to foreign intelligence agencies across the globe, (a) to
generate revenue for covert operations not authorised by Congress;
and (b) to make it easier for US operatives to hack into the
software.
The story was chased by US freelance Danny Casolaro. A year
after making himself known to the Inslaw people he was found dead
in a motel room in West Virginia. The official verdict was suicide,
but Elliott Richardson, the Attorney General under Nixon, hired by
Inslaw to investigate the case, concluded: `It's hard to come up
with any reason for Casolaro's death other than he was deliberately
murdered because he was so close to uncovering sinister elements in
what he called `the Octopus'.' Believability: 7/10</p>
<p> Q IS FOR CARROLL QUIGLEY, the granddaddy of all modern American
conspiracists. Quigley's 1,340-page volume Tragedy And Hope "
History Of The World In Our Time (1966) included a dozen pages on
the existence of a hitherto unknown secret society, run by Alfred,
Lord Milner, Lloyd George's Chef de Cabinet, funded by Cecil
Rhodes's estate. The group, said Quigley, who claimed to have
access to its papers, organised the Round Table groups in the
Commonwealth, the Royal Institute For International Affairs in
London and its counterpart in the US betwen the wars.
For far-Right groups such as the John Birch Society these pages
were proof, from an `insider', of the great conspiracy they had
always suspected. Not the communists, not the Jews, not even the
Illuminati, but the Perpetual Hidden Government " the PHG!
Quigley's revelations are behind much of the recent talk of One
Worlders and New World Orders and are part of Republican
presidential hopeful Pat Robertson's world view. Among Quigley's
students at Georgetown University was Bill Clinton, and the
conspiracists got quite excited when President Clinton referred to
the impact Quigley made on him in his inauguration speech.
Believability: 4/10</p>
<p> R IS FOR JAMES RUSBRIDGER, killed and framed as a sex pervert by
MI5. Rusbridger was a tremendous irritant to the security services.
His letters to newspapers poured scorn on the Official Secrets Act;
his books, such as The Intelligence Game, cast doubt on the
official version of events. But where Rusbridger, aged 65 at the
time of his death, really annoyed the spooks was when he unearthed
Britain's code-cracking secrets, in particular the story that the
British had cracked Japanese naval codes in advance of the attack
on Pearl Harbour.
He was bright, hale and hearty for his age when he was
discovered in February 1994 at his home, dressed in a green
protective suit for use in nuclear, biological or chemical warfare,
green overalls, a black plastic mackintosh and thick rubber gloves.
His face was covered by a gas mask and he was also wearing a
sou'wester. His body was suspended from two ropes, attached to
shackles fastened to a piece of wood across the open loft hatch,
and was surrounded by pictures of men and mainly black women in
bondage. Consultant pathologist Dr Yasai Sivathondan said he died
from asphyxia due to hanging `in keeping with a form of sexual
strangulation'.
His death occasioned a piece by Sunday Times reporter James
Adams, whose own books boast of contacts with British intelligence.
Adams quoted senior intelligence officials as saying Rusbridger
never had any connection with any branch of British intelligence:
"His death was as much a fantasy as his life,' said one source . .
. Rusbridger's interest in intelligence seems to have coincided
with his conviction for theft in 1977.' Such an extensive
posthumous demolition job by intelligence officials would perhaps
only be merited by someone who had been a serious thorn in their
side.
Believability: 7/10</p>
<p> S IS FOR THE SUICIDES OF THE SCIENTISTS WHO WORKED FOR MARCONI.
In 1988 a host of brilliant researchers working for the defence
giant killed themselves in a variety of ways: one drove his
petrol-laden car into a disused Little Chef, another jumped off the
Clifton suspension bridge, a third electrocuted himself.
The deaths appeared to be a case of life imitating art " in this
case, an episode of the 1960s Avengers series which features a
number of brilliant scientists killing themselves. The first
problem is that there was no linkage between the deaths. Second,
suicide is 10 times more common than murder in Britain. Third, men
kill themselves more violently than women. Fourth, scientists are
more ingenious than the rest of the population, so one would expect
them to kill themselves violently and bizarrely. Fifth, the defence
business employs huge numbers of scientists, and Marconi is a big
employer.
When the numbers are crunched, there is no statistical
aberration in the number of suicides by Marconi scientists. It is
too good a story for a newspaper to kill, however.
Believability: 0/10</p>
<p> U IS FOR THE UNIFIED CONSPIRACY THEORY, or the Grand Unified
Conspiracy Theory, which knits all the other conspiracy theories
into a coherent tapestry.
Believability: 1/10</p>
<p> V IS FOR VATICAN, which knocks off the popes it doesn't like.
The markedly short reign of John Paul I has given rise to this
particular crock of conjecture.
Old men can die quite quickly, even if they are popes. However,
rumours persist in the Vatican than John Paul I was going to clean
out the Augean stables of the pontiff's finances and expose the
scandalous links between the Mafia, the freemasons and senior
cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church.
Believability: 2/10</p>
<p> W IS FOR COLIN WALLACE, who was forced to resign from the
Ministry of Defence in 1975 when he leaked information about a
covert MI5 operation, `Clockwork Orange'. Wallace, an Ulsterman,
claimed he had been involved in the operation, which had been
designed to destabilise paramilitary organisations in the Province
through disinformation. Wallace alleged that the scope of the
operation had been extended to include mainland politicians viewed
as `politically soft or leftist', a list which included Harold
Wilson, Edward Heath and Jeremy Thorpe. Wallace claims it was in
his remit to discredit these `targets' using unfounded smear
stories about sexual impropriety.
He also alleged, in a memo to army chiefs, that a Belfast boys'
home named Kincora was being used as a homosexual trap for
intelligence gathering against prominent Unionist politicians. In
1990 an inquiry conducted by James Calcutt QC found Wallace's
dismissal to be unsafe and ordered the Ministry to award him
pounds 30,000 in compensation. The inquiry was not, however,
empowered to make any judgment on Wallace's allegations.
Believability: 7/10</p>
<p> X IS FOR MR X, the third man who allegedly went to bed with two
senior Conservative politicians, now in the Cabinet, all at the
same time. This is a conspiracy theory never to be told.
Believability: 10/10</p>
<p> Y IS FOR YAKUZA, the Japanese mafia who run the world. The
Yakuza are the world's richest and most powerful gangsters. They
control many of the big-name Japanese corporations that now have
huge leverage in the major western economies. Nothing can be done
to loosen the grip of the Yakuza on the world economy.
Believability: 8/10
Z IS FOR THE ZAGREB OPERATION, when the NKVD inducted Robert
Maxwell as a Soviet double agent. Maxwell was never clear about how
he escaped from Nazi-occupied Germany. In fact, he was given secret
passage through Nazi-allied Croatia by Communist partisans, then
loyal to the Soviet Union, in return for a lifetime as a spy.
While passing through Zagreb Maxwell was recruited by an officer
of the NKVD " the forerunner to the KGB " and was told to travel to
Britain and ingratiate himself with the British Establishment.
Maxwell did brilliantly, becoming first a war hero then a respected
publisher. The NKVD and KGB helped Maxwell out from time to time,
smoothing his path in arranging deals with Eastern Bloc scientific
publishers and the like. Maxwell prospered.
It was only in 1991 that the Israeli secret service, Mossad,
came across the truth when they bought up a senior KGB archivist
who sold them the Operation Zagreb file. Maxwell " who Mossad
thought had been working for them " was terminated by a crack unit
of Israeli frogmen.
Believability: 6/10
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@ -8,16 +8,16 @@ sinister back offices in which true power (and general paranoia) may
02/12/95
THE GUARDIAN
Conspiracy theories are the will-o'-the-wisps of the modern
Conspiracy theories are the will-o'-the-wisps of the modern
world. They provide an alternative history to the authorised
version of events, a coherent demonology in a godless, devil-less
age.
Conspiracy theories fill a human need. They make some sense of
Conspiracy theories fill a human need. They make some sense of
the cruel narrative that is the 20th century. They turn the random
violence of a lone madman into an act of orchestrated malice. In
this way the loss of a figure like Kennedy becomes somehow more
comprehensible. To be angry is more bearable than to be uncertain.
This soothing function can be at odds with truth, however.
This soothing function can be at odds with truth, however.
Alternative conspiracist history is as flawed as the `authorised'
version. Worse, a conspiracist view can suppress awkward pieces of
information by toying with the notion that events have been covered
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ up by the authorities to suit their own ends: encounters with alien
space ships, the real makers of the Lockerbie bomb and the truth
about Rudolf Hess have all been hidden from the public but the
higher officers of the state are in the know.
Some of the conspiracy theories which date from earlier this
Some of the conspiracy theories which date from earlier this
century have more ignoble, murkier origins. Anti-semites were
behind the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, the Jewish Conspiracy
and countless others. Their modern equivalents are put about by
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ function. Failure in life is more bearable if `the truth' is that
the Jews/the blacks/the Illuminati have conspired against you, it
allows you to ignore the fact that you are a spotty social
inadequate with bad breath and too-tight lederhosen.
The conspiracy theorist is the bane of the working journalist.
The conspiracy theorist is the bane of the working journalist.
The need for some sliver of evidence to support assertions is
secondary to the spell of the theory: that, for the conspiracy
theorist, is its charm. This difficulty is compounded by the fact
@ -42,24 +42,24 @@ that not all conspiracy theories are untrue. Those in power across
the world do prefer to keep embarrassing truths secret; they do
cover up; they do, from time to time, kill people who get in the
way.
True or not, a rattling good conspiracy theory requires the
True or not, a rattling good conspiracy theory requires the
following qualities:</p>
<p> 1 it must be difficult, better still, impossible, to understand
<p> 1 it must be difficult, better still, impossible, to understand
at first glance.
2 it must contain a spaghetti-heap of leads, all of which cannot
2 it must contain a spaghetti-heap of leads, all of which cannot
be followed up. There must always be one more lead left to chase.
3 The story should speak to a `wider' truth about our society,
3 The story should speak to a `wider' truth about our society,
through a series of disconnected or unconnected or unfalsifiable
propositions.
4 There should be no easy way of verifying it.</p>
4 There should be no easy way of verifying it.</p>
<p> The theories below demonstrate all of these qualities to a
<p> The theories below demonstrate all of these qualities to a
greater or lesser degree. To savour our A-Z properly, we suggest
readers mull over it with deadpan credulousness in the small hours
of the morning listening to the theme music from The X-Files and
drinking black coffee.
A IS FOR ALIEN ENCOUNTERS that are being covered up by the
A IS FOR ALIEN ENCOUNTERS that are being covered up by the
authorities. Perhaps the best-documented close encounter of the
third kind took place on 27 December 1980, when airmen at two RAF
stations in East Anglia witnessed something extraordinary. First
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ has a black triangular shape, a strange radar print and was, in
Pentagon Black Budget reconnaissance aircraft, is probably
responsible for all subsequent UFO sightings.)</p>
<p> B IS FOR THE BILDERBERG GROUP, which organises semi-secret
<p> B IS FOR THE BILDERBERG GROUP, which organises semi-secret
annual three-day meetings of the European-Atlantic great and good
from the worlds of business, diplomacy and politics. The first
meetings were organised in 1954 by eminence grise Joseph Retinger,
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ group is not a conspiracy of some sort, it is conducted in such a
way as to give a remarkably good imitation of one.' Believability:
8/10
C IS FOR CEAUSESCU, who was tried and executed on Christmas Day
C IS FOR CEAUSESCU, who was tried and executed on Christmas Day
to hush up the complicity of Romania's new leaders in his crimes.
The videotape of the Christmas Day show trial of Nicolae and Elena
Ceausescu is an absorbing spectacle. Time and again, Ceausescu and
@ -122,9 +122,9 @@ the conspirators, Ion Iliescu " a former Ceausescu crony " to head
the renamed secret police, the `Romanian Information Service'.
Iliescu became and remains president, the tainted hero of a tainted
revolution.
Believability: 10/10</p>
Believability: 10/10</p>
<p> D IS FOR `DEEP THROAT', the mole in the Nixon administration
<p> D IS FOR `DEEP THROAT', the mole in the Nixon administration
guiding the Washington Post journalists, Woodward and Bernstein, to
the Watergate story. `Throat' remains unidentified. In his book
Hidden Agenda (1984) Jim Hougan nominated both Nixon's chief of
@ -134,19 +134,19 @@ Haig in their book Silent Coup (1991). Barbara Newman, for Channel
4's Dispatches, came up with the head of the FBI field office in
Washington, the late Bob Kunkle. He was allegedly leaking for the
FBI, which was disgruntled by the Nixon cover-up.
Believability: 10/10 (Cynics suspect `Deep Throat' was merely a
Believability: 10/10 (Cynics suspect `Deep Throat' was merely a
dramatic device or a ploy to keep newspaper lawyers quiet.)</p>
<p> E IS FOR ELECTRICITY PYLONS, which fry our brains. A number of
<p> E IS FOR ELECTRICITY PYLONS, which fry our brains. A number of
protesters have complained that electro-magnetic waves in overhead
electricity pylons have led to depression, headaches, mental and
physical ill-health. No government ministry has placed much
credence on these complaints. The epidemiology of environmental
effect is notoriously hard to prove, but all good conspiracists
believe there is no smoke without a secret ray.
Believability: 7/10</p>
Believability: 7/10</p>
<p> F IS FOR FREEMASONS, who club together to better themselves in
<p> F IS FOR FREEMASONS, who club together to better themselves in
the world. The majority of active freemasons have sworn not to
divulge the secrets of the craft, on pain of having their tongues
`cut out by the root and buried in the sand below low-water mark'.
@ -163,20 +163,20 @@ and Rt Hon Lord Justice Balcombe, both freemasons, are two of the
most senior judges in the land; junior Foreign Office minister Tony
Baldry, former Tory MP David Trippier and back bench MPs Sir Peter
Emery and Sir Gerard Vaughan are all on the square.
Many police officers, too, remain true to their masonic oaths of
Many police officers, too, remain true to their masonic oaths of
secrecy. In 1993 at a Police Federation conference a motion urging
police officers to reveal membership of the masonic brotherhood was
debated. An officer from Merseyside said it did not matter if
officers `wore a goatskin or rolled up their trouser leg'. Another
said that freemasonry was `not all mumbo-jumbo'.
A third police officer, mocking the calls for more openness
A third police officer, mocking the calls for more openness
about freemasonry in the ranks, put a paper bag over his head.
Finally a member of the Metropolitan branch came to the rostrum to
announce the vote. `I'm not telling,' he said to laughter. `It's a
secret.' The opponents of freemasonry lost the vote.
Believability: 8/10</p>
Believability: 8/10</p>
<p> G IS FOR THE GEMSTONE FILE, the conspiracy theory which first
<p> G IS FOR THE GEMSTONE FILE, the conspiracy theory which first
surfaced in 1975. Originally a precis by American journalist
Stephania Caruana of allegations made in letters by American
chemist Bruce Roberts, now deceased, Gemstone attributes much of
@ -189,9 +189,9 @@ is the `Kiwi Gemstone' in which specifically New Zealand incidents
have been embedded in the original American narrative. Authorless,
floating round the world in samizdat form, Gemstone is a perfect,
small-scale disinformation vehicle for anyone who cares to use it.
Believability: 0/10</p>
Believability: 0/10</p>
<p> H IS FOR HESS, locked up in Spandau prison because he knew all
<p> H IS FOR HESS, locked up in Spandau prison because he knew all
about the secret 1941 negotiations between Britain and Nazi
Germany. Rudolf Hess's flight in May 1941 remains one of the most
bizarre episodes of the Second World War. Lord James
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ peace plans would have meant the enslavement of Europe.' Hess was
arrested, tried to commit suicide, went mad, was sentenced to life
imprisonment and, at the age of 93, hanged himself in Spandau
prison. Or not, as the case may be.
One theory has it that the Churchill government, in a hideously
One theory has it that the Churchill government, in a hideously
clever propaganda campaign against the Nazis, ran a double, `Hess
Two'. Evidence supporting the double theory emerged when a Dutch TV
journalist, Karel Hille, disclosed that he had got the Most Secret
@ -219,10 +219,10 @@ Hess should have had after a wound he received in 1917. MI6 had
`Hess Two' hanged because they didn't want the truth to come out.
Then the killers burnt the evidence, including an electrical flex,
with which he was murdered.
Believability: 5/10 (Hess was mad. His 1917 wound was
Believability: 5/10 (Hess was mad. His 1917 wound was
pea-sized.)</p>
<p> I IS FOR THE ILLUMINATI, the secret society controlling all the
<p> I IS FOR THE ILLUMINATI, the secret society controlling all the
other secret societies. An 18th-century masonic splinter group
begun by Adam Weishaupt, the Illimunati were said to be the hidden
force behind the French Revolution. After the First World War they
@ -236,16 +236,16 @@ Right, the Illuminati largely replaced the Jews as the spider at
the centre of the web. These theories were brilliantly parodied in
the Illuminatus! trilogy (1976) by Robert Anton Wilson and Robert
Shea.
Believability: 0/10</p>
Believability: 0/10</p>
<p> J IS FOR JAMES JESUS ANGLETON, the orchid-growing,
<p> J IS FOR JAMES JESUS ANGLETON, the orchid-growing,
poetry-writing, paranoid head of CIA counter intelligence
throughout much of the Cold War. Angleton believed the CIA and all
other spy networks to be so much gorgonzola, riddled with KGB
moles. In his search for these moles Angleton paralysed large
chunks of the CIA for years at a stretch and blighted the careers
of many senior officers.
It was Angleton who insisted in the 1960s that MI5 investigate
It was Angleton who insisted in the 1960s that MI5 investigate
Harold Wilson, a task taken up enthusiastically by Peter Wright and
his circle in MI5. Angleton's overarching idiocy was to believe the
KGB defector Golitsyn, who claimed that the friction between the
@ -254,33 +254,33 @@ deceive the West. Despite the collapse of the Soviet Union,
Golitsyn remains convinced that it is all a black propaganda ploy.
However, the confession of top CIA man Aldrich Ames that he was a
KGB mole have proved some of Angleton's fears correct.
Believability: 6/10</p>
Believability: 6/10</p>
<p> K IS FOR KENNEDY, killed by almost anyone you care to mention.
<p> K IS FOR KENNEDY, killed by almost anyone you care to mention.
According to Captain James T Kirk of the Starship Enterprise, the
`first rule of assassination is kill the assassins'. The killing of
Lee Harvey Oswald by Jack Ruby set a hare running that has never
stopped. Instead of Oswald's courtroom confession or denial of
guilt providing some explanation of the killing of the president,
the assassination of the assassin let conjecture reign.
So many had a hand in his murder it is too tedious to name them
So many had a hand in his murder it is too tedious to name them
all. Oliver Stone argued in his film JFK that Lyndon Baines Johnson
was the man behind the conspiracy. The KGB, the Mafia, the Cubans,
the FBI and the masons are all contenders. Perhaps the best JFK
conspiracy theory is that he is, after all, still alive, but kept a
permanent prisoner by the National Security Council.
Believability: 1/10</p>
Believability: 1/10</p>
<p> L IS FOR LOCKERBIE. On 21 December 1988, 270 people were
<p> L IS FOR LOCKERBIE. On 21 December 1988, 270 people were
murdered when Pan Am 103 exploded over Scotland.
Six years later no one has been convicted of the crime, although
Six years later no one has been convicted of the crime, although
investigators on both sides of the Atlantic have consistently
pointed the finger at two Libyan intelligence officers who they
believe planted the bomb on a plane from Malta before it was
transferred at Frankfurt on to the fatal flight. UN sanctions are
enforced against Tripoli until Colonel Gadaffi agrees to hand over
the two for trial.
Others are not convinced by the official line. Tales of
Others are not convinced by the official line. Tales of
suitcases of heroin recovered at the crash site by mysterious
American intelligence officers point to a joint CIA/Drug
Enforcement Administration operation that was fatally compromised
@ -296,30 +296,30 @@ hostage rescue team. Some students of the tragedy have gone so far
as to suggest that McKee was flying home to blow the whistle,
disgusted that deals were being struck with dope dealers in order
to gain intelligence on the kidnap victims.
Believability: 8/10</p>
Believability: 8/10</p>
<p> M IS FOR DAVID MELLOR, got at by Mossad after his
<p> M IS FOR DAVID MELLOR, got at by Mossad after his
pro-Palestinian outburst in 1988 on the West Bank. The Israelis
were out to topple Mellor after he became the most prominent critic
in the British Government of their conduct in the Occupied
Territories.
First, they managed to secure his removal as junior Foreign
First, they managed to secure his removal as junior Foreign
Office minister, threatening to stop passing on intelligence
information about the hostages in Beirut unless Mellor was moved.
Second, they arranged for the clandestine phone-tapping
Second, they arranged for the clandestine phone-tapping
operation which led to the highly embarrassing `toe-sucking'
allegations.
The result: Mellor was forced to quit the Cabinet.
Believability: 5/10
The result: Mellor was forced to quit the Cabinet.
Believability: 5/10
N IS FOR NOSTRADAMUS, the 16th- century psychic seer who
N IS FOR NOSTRADAMUS, the 16th- century psychic seer who
predicted Napoleon, Hitler and the killing of John Kennedy. The
seer's muddily-written quatrains have spawned more than 200 books,
a propaganda war between the Nazis and the Allies during the Second
World War, a movie, an American TV spin-off show, Monopoly-style
board games, a virtual reality game and even a watch, which ticks
down the seconds from 1 January 1995 to the millennium.
Whitstable housewife Valerie Hewitt, author of Nostradamus: His
Whitstable housewife Valerie Hewitt, author of Nostradamus: His
Key To The Centuries (Heinemann, 1994), predicts that Prince
Charles will be crowned this year. `It will be something sudden
that will affect the Queen, an illness " whether it is political or
@ -327,11 +327,11 @@ genuine it doesn't matter. And Diana will be offered the chance to
become Queen. But Charles's reign will be short and William could
be king before he's 18.' In 1993 she predicted that George Bush
would stay as president.
Rival Nostradamus buff John Hogue is more apocalyptic. He plumps
Rival Nostradamus buff John Hogue is more apocalyptic. He plumps
for nuclear disaster or terrorism in 1996, World War III before the
millennium and Aids " `a very great plague . . . with a great scab'
" and the ozone hole killing off two-thirds of the world population.
He quotes the prophet's vision of the future: `So many {die}
He quotes the prophet's vision of the future: `So many {die}
that no one will know the true owners of fields and houses. The
weeds in the city streets will rise higher than the knees, and
there shall be a total desolation of the clergy.' Believability:
@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ there shall be a total desolation of the clergy.' Believability:
in the 16th century. For example, nowhere does he mention `Hitler',
only `Hister', the contemporary name for the Lower Danube.)</p>
<p> P IS FOR PROMIS SOFTWARE, stolen from a Washington law firm. In
<p> P IS FOR PROMIS SOFTWARE, stolen from a Washington law firm. In
1982 a Washington DC computer firm, Inslaw, developed a programme
called Promis (Prosecutors' Management Information System) which it
supplied to the US Justice Department for $10 million. A year
@ -348,12 +348,12 @@ ruling in 1987 at a bankruptcy court concluded that the Justice
Department `took, converted and stole Promis software through
trickery, fraud and deceit', which is a little embarrassing for the
department charged with upholding the rule of law.
So far, so what? It is only when people started to probe into
So far, so what? It is only when people started to probe into
why Justice had acted in such a way that it gets interesting,
prompting one investigator to claim that the case `was a lot
dirtier for the department than Watergate had been, both in its
breadth and depth'.
It turns out that (allegedly) the men behind the theft of the
It turns out that (allegedly) the men behind the theft of the
software were all Reagan appointees who helped engineer the 1980
`October Surprise', whereby the Republicans struck a deal with the
Iranians not to release American Embassy hostages from Tehran until
@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ sold on to foreign intelligence agencies across the globe, (a) to
generate revenue for covert operations not authorised by Congress;
and (b) to make it easier for US operatives to hack into the
software.
The story was chased by US freelance Danny Casolaro. A year
The story was chased by US freelance Danny Casolaro. A year
after making himself known to the Inslaw people he was found dead
in a motel room in West Virginia. The official verdict was suicide,
but Elliott Richardson, the Attorney General under Nixon, hired by
@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ with any reason for Casolaro's death other than he was deliberately
murdered because he was so close to uncovering sinister elements in
what he called `the Octopus'.' Believability: 7/10</p>
<p> Q IS FOR CARROLL QUIGLEY, the granddaddy of all modern American
<p> Q IS FOR CARROLL QUIGLEY, the granddaddy of all modern American
conspiracists. Quigley's 1,340-page volume Tragedy And Hope "
History Of The World In Our Time (1966) included a dozen pages on
the existence of a hitherto unknown secret society, run by Alfred,
@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ Rhodes's estate. The group, said Quigley, who claimed to have
access to its papers, organised the Round Table groups in the
Commonwealth, the Royal Institute For International Affairs in
London and its counterpart in the US betwen the wars.
For far-Right groups such as the John Birch Society these pages
For far-Right groups such as the John Birch Society these pages
were proof, from an `insider', of the great conspiracy they had
always suspected. Not the communists, not the Jews, not even the
Illuminati, but the Perpetual Hidden Government " the PHG!
@ -390,9 +390,9 @@ presidential hopeful Pat Robertson's world view. Among Quigley's
students at Georgetown University was Bill Clinton, and the
conspiracists got quite excited when President Clinton referred to
the impact Quigley made on him in his inauguration speech.
Believability: 4/10</p>
Believability: 4/10</p>
<p> R IS FOR JAMES RUSBRIDGER, killed and framed as a sex pervert by
<p> R IS FOR JAMES RUSBRIDGER, killed and framed as a sex pervert by
MI5. Rusbridger was a tremendous irritant to the security services.
His letters to newspapers poured scorn on the Official Secrets Act;
his books, such as The Intelligence Game, cast doubt on the
@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ time of his death, really annoyed the spooks was when he unearthed
Britain's code-cracking secrets, in particular the story that the
British had cracked Japanese naval codes in advance of the attack
on Pearl Harbour.
He was bright, hale and hearty for his age when he was
He was bright, hale and hearty for his age when he was
discovered in February 1994 at his home, dressed in a green
protective suit for use in nuclear, biological or chemical warfare,
green overalls, a black plastic mackintosh and thick rubber gloves.
@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ and was surrounded by pictures of men and mainly black women in
bondage. Consultant pathologist Dr Yasai Sivathondan said he died
from asphyxia due to hanging `in keeping with a form of sexual
strangulation'.
His death occasioned a piece by Sunday Times reporter James
His death occasioned a piece by Sunday Times reporter James
Adams, whose own books boast of contacts with British intelligence.
Adams quoted senior intelligence officials as saying Rusbridger
never had any connection with any branch of British intelligence:
@ -422,14 +422,14 @@ with his conviction for theft in 1977.' Such an extensive
posthumous demolition job by intelligence officials would perhaps
only be merited by someone who had been a serious thorn in their
side.
Believability: 7/10</p>
Believability: 7/10</p>
<p> S IS FOR THE SUICIDES OF THE SCIENTISTS WHO WORKED FOR MARCONI.
<p> S IS FOR THE SUICIDES OF THE SCIENTISTS WHO WORKED FOR MARCONI.
In 1988 a host of brilliant researchers working for the defence
giant killed themselves in a variety of ways: one drove his
petrol-laden car into a disused Little Chef, another jumped off the
Clifton suspension bridge, a third electrocuted himself.
The deaths appeared to be a case of life imitating art " in this
The deaths appeared to be a case of life imitating art " in this
case, an episode of the 1960s Avengers series which features a
number of brilliant scientists killing themselves. The first
problem is that there was no linkage between the deaths. Second,
@ -439,27 +439,27 @@ more ingenious than the rest of the population, so one would expect
them to kill themselves violently and bizarrely. Fifth, the defence
business employs huge numbers of scientists, and Marconi is a big
employer.
When the numbers are crunched, there is no statistical
When the numbers are crunched, there is no statistical
aberration in the number of suicides by Marconi scientists. It is
too good a story for a newspaper to kill, however.
Believability: 0/10</p>
Believability: 0/10</p>
<p> U IS FOR THE UNIFIED CONSPIRACY THEORY, or the Grand Unified
<p> U IS FOR THE UNIFIED CONSPIRACY THEORY, or the Grand Unified
Conspiracy Theory, which knits all the other conspiracy theories
into a coherent tapestry.
Believability: 1/10</p>
Believability: 1/10</p>
<p> V IS FOR VATICAN, which knocks off the popes it doesn't like.
<p> V IS FOR VATICAN, which knocks off the popes it doesn't like.
The markedly short reign of John Paul I has given rise to this
particular crock of conjecture.
Old men can die quite quickly, even if they are popes. However,
Old men can die quite quickly, even if they are popes. However,
rumours persist in the Vatican than John Paul I was going to clean
out the Augean stables of the pontiff's finances and expose the
scandalous links between the Mafia, the freemasons and senior
cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church.
Believability: 2/10</p>
Believability: 2/10</p>
<p> W IS FOR COLIN WALLACE, who was forced to resign from the
<p> W IS FOR COLIN WALLACE, who was forced to resign from the
Ministry of Defence in 1975 when he leaked information about a
covert MI5 operation, `Clockwork Orange'. Wallace, an Ulsterman,
claimed he had been involved in the operation, which had been
@ -470,43 +470,43 @@ as `politically soft or leftist', a list which included Harold
Wilson, Edward Heath and Jeremy Thorpe. Wallace claims it was in
his remit to discredit these `targets' using unfounded smear
stories about sexual impropriety.
He also alleged, in a memo to army chiefs, that a Belfast boys'
He also alleged, in a memo to army chiefs, that a Belfast boys'
home named Kincora was being used as a homosexual trap for
intelligence gathering against prominent Unionist politicians. In
1990 an inquiry conducted by James Calcutt QC found Wallace's
dismissal to be unsafe and ordered the Ministry to award him
pounds 30,000 in compensation. The inquiry was not, however,
empowered to make any judgment on Wallace's allegations.
Believability: 7/10</p>
Believability: 7/10</p>
<p> X IS FOR MR X, the third man who allegedly went to bed with two
<p> X IS FOR MR X, the third man who allegedly went to bed with two
senior Conservative politicians, now in the Cabinet, all at the
same time. This is a conspiracy theory never to be told.
Believability: 10/10</p>
Believability: 10/10</p>
<p> Y IS FOR YAKUZA, the Japanese mafia who run the world. The
<p> Y IS FOR YAKUZA, the Japanese mafia who run the world. The
Yakuza are the world's richest and most powerful gangsters. They
control many of the big-name Japanese corporations that now have
huge leverage in the major western economies. Nothing can be done
to loosen the grip of the Yakuza on the world economy.
Believability: 8/10
Believability: 8/10
Z IS FOR THE ZAGREB OPERATION, when the NKVD inducted Robert
Z IS FOR THE ZAGREB OPERATION, when the NKVD inducted Robert
Maxwell as a Soviet double agent. Maxwell was never clear about how
he escaped from Nazi-occupied Germany. In fact, he was given secret
passage through Nazi-allied Croatia by Communist partisans, then
loyal to the Soviet Union, in return for a lifetime as a spy.
While passing through Zagreb Maxwell was recruited by an officer
While passing through Zagreb Maxwell was recruited by an officer
of the NKVD " the forerunner to the KGB " and was told to travel to
Britain and ingratiate himself with the British Establishment.
Maxwell did brilliantly, becoming first a war hero then a respected
publisher. The NKVD and KGB helped Maxwell out from time to time,
smoothing his path in arranging deals with Eastern Bloc scientific
publishers and the like. Maxwell prospered.
It was only in 1991 that the Israeli secret service, Mossad,
It was only in 1991 that the Israeli secret service, Mossad,
came across the truth when they bought up a senior KGB archivist
who sold them the Operation Zagreb file. Maxwell " who Mossad
thought had been working for them " was terminated by a crack unit
of Israeli frogmen.
Believability: 6/10
Believability: 6/10
</p></xml>

345
regexConsp/africa.txt
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@ -1,345 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>
WHO Murdered Africa
The Greatest Murder Mystery of all Time
There is no question mark after the title of this article because
the title is not a question. It's a declarative statement. WHO, the
World Health Organization, murdered Africa with the AIDS virus. Thats
a provocative statement, isn't it?
The answers to this little mystery, Murder on the WHO Express will
be quite clear to you by the end of this report. You will also
understand why the other suspects, the homosexuals, the green monkey
and the Haitians, were only pawns in this virocidal attack on the
non-Communist world.
If you believe the government propaganda that AIDS is hard to catch
then you are going to die even sooner than the rest of us. The common
cold is a virus. Have you ever had a cold? How did you catch it?
You don't really know, do you? If the cold virus was fatal, How many
people would be left in the world?
Yellow fever is a virus. You catch it from mosquito bites. Malaria
is a parasite also carried by mosquitoes. It is many times larger than
the AIDS virus ( like comparing a pinhead to a moose head ) yet the
mosquito easily carries this large organism to man.
The tuberculosis germ, also larger than that AIDS virus, can be
transmitted by formites ( inanimate objects such as towels ). The
AIDS virus can live for as long as 10 days on a dry plate. You can't
understand this murder mystery unless you learn a little virology.
Many viruses grow in animals and many grow in humans, but most of
the viruses that affect animals don't affect humans. There are exceptions,
of course, such as yellow fever and small pox.
There are some viruses in animals that can cause very lethal cancer
in those animals, but do not affect man or other animals. The Bovine
Leukemia Virus ( BLV ), for example, is lethal to cows but not humans.
There is also another virus that occurs in sheep called Sheep Visna Virus
which is also non-reactive in man. These Deadly viruses are " Retro -
Viruses ", meaning that they can change the genetic composition of the
cells that they enter.
The World Health Organization, in published articles, called for
scientists to work these deadly agents and attempt to make a hybrid
virus that would be deadly to humans. " An attempt should be made to
see if viruses can in fact exert selective effects on immune function.
The possibility should be looked into that the immune response to the
virus itself maybe impaired if the infecting virus damages, more or
less selectively, the cell responding to the virus."
Thats AIDS. What the WHO is saying in plain english is " Let's cook
up a virus that selectively destroys the T-Cell system of man, an
acquired immune deficiency. Why would anyone want to do this? If you
destroy the T-Cell system of man then you destroy man. Is it even
remotely possible that the WHO would want to develop a virus that would
wipe out the human race?
If there new creation worked, the WHO stated, then many terrible
and fatal infectious viruses could be made even more terrible and more
malignant. Does this strike you as being a peculiar goal for a health
organization?
Sometimes Americans believe in conspiracies and sometimes the don't.
Was there a conspiracy to kill President Kennedy? Twenty five years later
the debate still continues, and people keep changing there minds. One day
it's yes and the next it's no - depending upon what was served for lunch,
or how the stock market did the day before.
But it doesn't take a bad lunch to see an amazing concatenation of
events involving Russian and Chinesse communist nationals, The WHO, The
National Cancer Institute, and the AIDS epidemic.
But what about the green monkey? Some of the best virologist in the
world and many of those directly involved in AIDS research, such as
Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier, have said that the green monkey may be
the culprit. You know the story: A green monkey bit a native on the ass
and, bam - AIDS all over central Africa.
There is a fatal flaw here. It is very strange. Because Gallo,
Montagnier and these other virologist know that the AIDS virus doesn't
occur naturally in monkeys. In fact it doesn't occur naturally in any
animal.
AIDS started practically simultaneously in the United States, Haiti,
Brazil, and Central Africa. ( Was the green monkey a jet pilot? )
Examination for the gene structure of the green monkey cells prove that
it is not genetically possible to transfer the AIDS virus from monkeys
to man by natural means.
Because of the artificial nature of the AIDS virus it will not easily
transfer from man to man unless it has become very concentrated in the
body fluids through repeated injections from person to person, such as
drug addicts, and through high multiple partner sexual activity such as
takes place in Africa and among homosexuals. After repeated transfer it
can become a " natural " infection for man, which it has.
Dr. Theodore Strecker's research of the literature indicates that
the National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) in collaboration with the WHO,
made the AIDS virus in there laboratories at Fort Detrick ( now NCI ).
They combined the deadly retro-viruses Bovine-Leukemia Virus and Sheep
Visna Virus, and injected them into human tissue cultures. The result
was the AIDS virus, the first human retro-virus known to man and now
believed to be 100% fatal to those infected.
The momentous plague that we now face was anticipated by the National
Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1974 when they recommended that "Scientists
throughout the world join with the members of this committee in voluntarily
deferring experiments linking animal viruses". What the NAS is saying in
carefully guarded english is: "For God's sake. Stop this madness!" The
green monkey is off the hook. How about the Communists?
Communist are in the process of conducting germ warfare from Fort
Detrick, Maryland against the free world, expecially the United States,
even using foreign communist agents within the US Army's germ warfare
unit euphamistically called the Army Infectious Disease Unit.
You don't believe it? Carlton Gajdusek, an NIH bigshot at Detrick
admits it. " IN THE FACILITY I HAVE A BUILDING WHERE MORE GOOD AND
LOYAL COMMUNIST SCIENTISTS FROM THE USSR AND MAINLAND CHINA WORK, WITH
FULL PASSKEYS TO ALL THE LABORATORIES, THAN THERE ARE AMERICAN. EVEN THE
ARMY'S INFECTIOUS DISEASE UNIT IS LOADED WITH FOREIGN WORKERS NOT ALWAYS
FRIENDLY NATIONALS."
Can you imagine that? A UN-WHO communist trogan horse in our
biological warfare center with the full blessing of the US government?
The creation of the AIDS virus by the WHO was not just a diabolical
scientific exercise that got out of hand. It was a cold-blooded
successful attempt to create a killer virus which was then used in a
successful experiment in Africa. So successful in fact that most of
Central Africa may be wiped out, 75,000,000 dead within 3-5 years.
It was not an accident, it was deliberate. In the Federation
Proceedings of the United States in 1972, WHO said : " In relation
to the immune response a number of useful experimental approaches can
be visualized ". They suggested a neat way to do this would be to put
their new killer virus ( AIDS ) into a vaccination program, sit back and
observe the results. " This would be particularly informative in
sibships," they said. That is, give AIDS to brothers and sisters and
see if they die, who dies first, and of what, just like rats in a
laboratory.
They used the smallpox vaccine for their vehicle and the geographical
sites chosen in 1972 were Ugunda and other African sites, Haiti, Brazil
and Japan. The present and recent past of AIDS epidemiology coincides
with these geographical areas.
Dr. Strecker points out that even if the African green monkey could
transmit AIDS to humans, the present known amount of infection in Africa
makes it statistically impossible for a single episode, such as a monkey
biting someone, to have brought this epidemic to this point. The doubling
time of the number of people infected, about every 14 months, when
correlated with the first known cases, and the present known number of
cases, prove beyond a doubt that a large number of people had to be
infected at the same time. Starting in 1972 with the first case from our
mythical monkey, and doubling the number of infected from that single
source every 14 months you get only a few thousand cases. From 1972 to
1987 is 15 years or 180 months. If it takes 14 months to double the number
of cases then there would have been 13 doublings. 1 then 2 then 4 then 8..
etc...In 15 years, from a single source of infection there would be about
8000 cases in Africa, not 75 million. We are approaching World War II
mortality statistics here - without a shot being fired.
Dr. Theodore A. Strecker is the courageous doctor who has unraveled
this conundrum, the greatest murder mystery of all time. He should get
the Nobel Prize but he'll be lucky not to get "suicided." ( "Prominent
California doctor ties his hands behind his back, hangs himself, and
jumps from 20th floor. There was no evidence of foul play." )
Strecker was employed as a consultant to work on a health proposal
for Security Pacific Bank. He was to estimate the cost of their health
care for the future. Should they form an HMO was the major issue. After
investigating the current medical market he advised against the HMO because
he found that the AIDS epidemic in all probability bankrupt the nation's
medical system.
He became fascinated with all the scientific anomalies concerning AIDS
that kept cropping up. Why did the " experts " keep talking about
green monkeys and homosexuals being the culprits when it was obvious that
the AIDS virus was a man-made virus? Why did they say it was a homosexual
and drug-user disease when in Africa it was obviously a heterosexual
disease? If the green monkey did it then why did AIDS explode practically
simultaneously in Africa, Haiti, Brazil, Japan, and the United States?
Why, when it was proposed to the National Institute of Health that the
AIDS virus was a combination of two bovine or sheep viruses cultured in
human cells in a laboratory, did they say it was " bad science " when
thats exactly what occurred?
As early as 1970 the WHO was growing these deadly animal viruses in
human tissue cultures. Cedric Mims, in 1981, said in a published article
that there was a bovive virus contaminating the culture media of th WHO.
Was this an accident or a "non-accident"? If it was an accident then why
did the WHO continue to use the vaccine?
This viral and genetic death bomb, AIDS, was finally produced in 1974.
It was given to monkeys and they died of pneumocystis carni which is
typical of AIDS.
Dr. R. J. Biggar said in Lancet ( a Brittish journal ) that the AIDS
agent could not have developed de novo. That means in plain english that
it didn't come out of thin air. AIDS was engineered in a laboratory by
virologists. It couldn't engineer itself. As Dr. Stricker so colorfully
puts it: " If a person has no arms or legs and shows up at a party in a
tuxedo, how did he get dressed? Somebody dressed him. "
There are 9000 to the 4th power possible AIDS viruses. ( There are
9000 base pairs on the geneome. ) So the fun has just begun. Some will
cause brain rot similar to the sheep virus, some leukemia-like diseases
from the cow viruses, and some that won't do anything. So the virus will
be constantly changing and trying out new esoteric disease on hapless
man. We're only the beginning
Because of the trillions of possible genetic combinations there will
never be a vaccine. Even if they could develop a vaccine they would
un-doubtfully give us something equally as bad as they did with the Polio
vaccine ( cancer of the brain ), the Swine Flu vaccine ( a Polio-like
disease ), the Smallpox vaccine (AIDS), and the Hepatitis vaccine (AIDS).
There are precedents. This is not the first time the virologists have
brought us disaster. SV-40 virus from monkey cell cultures contaminated
Polio cultures. Most people in there 40's are now carrying the virus
through contaminated Polio innoculations given in the early 60's. It is
known to cause brain cancer which explains the increase in this disease
that we have seen in the past 10 years.
This is the origin of the green monkey theory. The Polio vaccine was
grown on green monkey kidney cells. 64 million Americans were vaccinated
with SV-40 contaminated vaccine in the 60's. An increase in cancer of the
brain, possibly Multiple Sclerosis, and God only knows what else is the
tragic result. The delay between vaccination and the onset of cancer
with this virus is as long as 20-30 years. 1965 + 20 = 1985. Get the
picture?
The final piece of the puzzle is how AIDS devastated the homosexual
population in the United States. It wasn't from Smalpox vaccination as
in Africa because we don't do that any more. There is no Smallpox in the
United States and so vaccination was discontinued. Although some AIDS has
been brought to the United States from Haiti by homosexuals, It would not
be enough to explain the explosion of AIDS that occurred simultaneously
with the African and Haitian epidemics.
The AIDS virus didn't exist in the United States before 1978. You can
check back in any hospital and no stored blood samples can be found
anywhere that exhibit the AIDS virus before that date. What happened in
1978 and beyond to cause AIDS to burst upon the scene and devastate the
homosexual section of our population? It was the introduction of the
Hepatitis B vaccine which exhibits the exact same epidemiology of AIDS.
A Doctor W. Schmunger, born in Poland and educated in Russia, came
to this country in 1969. Schmunger's immigration to the U.S. was
probably the most fatefull immigration in our history. He, by un-explained
process, became the head of one of the New York City blood bank. ( How
does a Russian trained doctor become the head of one of the largest blood
banks in the world? Doesn't that strike you as peculiar? )
He set up the rules for the Hepatitis vaccine studies. Only males
between the ages of 20 and 40 , who were not monogamous, were allowed to
participate in this study. Can you think of any reason for insisting that
all expermentees be promiscuous? Maybe you don't believe in the Communist
conspiracy theory but give me some other logical explanation. Schmunger
is now dead and his diabolical secret went with him.
The Centers for Disease Control reported in 1981 that 4% of those
receiving the Hepatitis vaccine were AIDS infected. In 1984 they admitted
to 60%. Now they refuse to give out the figures at all because they don't
want to admit that 100% of the Hepatitis vaccine receivers are AIDS
infected. Where is the data on the Hepatitis vaccine studied? FDA? CDC?
No, the U.S. Department of Justice has buried it where you will never see
it.
What has the government told us about AIDS?
* It's a homosexual disease-----------------------WRONG
* It's related to anal intercourse only-----------WRONG
* Only a small % of those testing positive
for AIDS would get the disease------------------WRONG
* It came from the African green monkey-----------WRONG
* It came from cytomegalovirus--------------------WRONG
* It was due to popping amyl nitrate with sex-----WRONG
* It was started 400 years ago by the Portugese---WRONG
* You cant get it from insects--------------------WRONG
* The virus can't live outside the body-----------WRONG
The head of the Human Leukemia Research Group at Harvard is a
veterinarian. Dr. O. W. Judd, International Agency for Research on Cancer,
the agency that requested the production of the virus in the first place,
is also a veterinarian. The Leukemia research he is conducting is being
done under the auspices of a school of veterinary medicine. Now, there is
nothing wrong with being a vet but, as we have pointed out, the AIDS virus
is a human virus. You can't test these viruses in animals and you can't
test leukemias in them either. It doesn't work. So why would your
government give Judd, a veterinarian, 8.5 million dollars to study
leukemia in a veterinary college? As long as we are being used as
experimental animals maybe it is appropriate.
The London Times should be congratulated for uncovering the smallpox-
AIDS connection. But there expose was very misleading. The article states
that the African AIDS epidemic was caused by the smallpox vaccine
"triggering" the AIDS in those vaccinated. Dr. Robert Gallo, who has been
mixed up in some very strange scientific snafus, supports this theory.
Whether the infection of 75 million Africians was deliberate or
accidental can be debated, but there is no room for debate whether the
smallpox shots "awakened the unsuspecting virus infection." There is
absolutely no scientific evidence that this laboratory-engineered virus
was present in Africa before the WHO descended upon these hapless people
in 1967 with their deadly AIDS-laced vaccine. The AIDS virus didn't come
from Africa, it came from Fort Detrick, Maryland, U.S.A.
The situation is extremely desperate and the medical profession is
too frightened and cowed (as usual) to take any action. Dr. Strecker
attempted to mobilize the doctors through some of the most respected
medical journals in the world. The prestigious Annals of Internal Medicine
said that his material "appears to be entirely concerned with maters of
virology" and so try some other publication.
In his letter to The Annals, Strecker said, "If correct human
experimental procedures had been followed we would not find half of the
world stumbling off on the wrong path to the cure for AIDS with the other
half of the world covering up the origination of the dammed disease. It
appears to me that your Annals of Internal Medicine is participating in
the greatest fraud ever perpetrated."
I guess they didn't like that so Stricker submitted his sensational
and mind-boggling letter with all of the proper documentation to the
British journal, Lancet. Their reply : " Thank you for that interesting
letter on AIDS. I am sorry to have to report that we will not be able to
publish it. We have no criticism" but their letter section was " over
crowded with submissions ".
They're too crowded to announce the end of western civilization and
possibly all mandkind? Doesn't seem reasonable. What can we do? The first
thing that should be done is to close down all laboratories in this
country that are dealing with these deadly retro-viruses. Then we must
sort out the insane, irresponsible and traitorous scientists involved
in these experiments and try them for murder. Then maybe, just ,maybe, we
can re-populate and re-civilize the world.
William Campbell Douglass, M.D.
P.O. Box 38 Lakemont, GA 30552
</xml>

126
regexConsp/africa.xml
View File

@ -1,39 +1,39 @@
<xml><p>
WHO Murdered Africa
The Greatest Murder Mystery of all Time
WHO Murdered Africa
The Greatest Murder Mystery of all Time
There is no question mark after the title of this article because
There is no question mark after the title of this article because
the title is not a question. It's a declarative statement. WHO, the
World Health Organization, murdered Africa with the AIDS virus. Thats
a provocative statement, isn't it?
The answers to this little mystery, Murder on the WHO Express will
The answers to this little mystery, Murder on the WHO Express will
be quite clear to you by the end of this report. You will also
understand why the other suspects, the homosexuals, the green monkey
and the Haitians, were only pawns in this virocidal attack on the
non-Communist world.
If you believe the government propaganda that AIDS is hard to catch
If you believe the government propaganda that AIDS is hard to catch
then you are going to die even sooner than the rest of us. The common
cold is a virus. Have you ever had a cold? How did you catch it?
You don't really know, do you? If the cold virus was fatal, How many
people would be left in the world?
Yellow fever is a virus. You catch it from mosquito bites. Malaria
Yellow fever is a virus. You catch it from mosquito bites. Malaria
is a parasite also carried by mosquitoes. It is many times larger than
the AIDS virus ( like comparing a pinhead to a moose head ) yet the
mosquito easily carries this large organism to man.
The tuberculosis germ, also larger than that AIDS virus, can be
The tuberculosis germ, also larger than that AIDS virus, can be
transmitted by formites ( inanimate objects such as towels ). The
AIDS virus can live for as long as 10 days on a dry plate. You can't
understand this murder mystery unless you learn a little virology.
Many viruses grow in animals and many grow in humans, but most of
Many viruses grow in animals and many grow in humans, but most of
the viruses that affect animals don't affect humans. There are exceptions,
of course, such as yellow fever and small pox.
There are some viruses in animals that can cause very lethal cancer
There are some viruses in animals that can cause very lethal cancer
in those animals, but do not affect man or other animals. The Bovine
Leukemia Virus ( BLV ), for example, is lethal to cows but not humans.
There is also another virus that occurs in sheep called Sheep Visna Virus
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ which is also non-reactive in man. These Deadly viruses are " Retro -
Viruses ", meaning that they can change the genetic composition of the
cells that they enter.
The World Health Organization, in published articles, called for
The World Health Organization, in published articles, called for
scientists to work these deadly agents and attempt to make a hybrid
virus that would be deadly to humans. " An attempt should be made to
see if viruses can in fact exert selective effects on immune function.
@ -49,53 +49,53 @@ The possibility should be looked into that the immune response to the
virus itself maybe impaired if the infecting virus damages, more or
less selectively, the cell responding to the virus."
Thats AIDS. What the WHO is saying in plain english is " Let's cook
Thats AIDS. What the WHO is saying in plain english is " Let's cook
up a virus that selectively destroys the T-Cell system of man, an
acquired immune deficiency. Why would anyone want to do this? If you
destroy the T-Cell system of man then you destroy man. Is it even
remotely possible that the WHO would want to develop a virus that would
wipe out the human race?
If there new creation worked, the WHO stated, then many terrible
If there new creation worked, the WHO stated, then many terrible
and fatal infectious viruses could be made even more terrible and more
malignant. Does this strike you as being a peculiar goal for a health
organization?
Sometimes Americans believe in conspiracies and sometimes the don't.
Sometimes Americans believe in conspiracies and sometimes the don't.
Was there a conspiracy to kill President Kennedy? Twenty five years later
the debate still continues, and people keep changing there minds. One day
it's yes and the next it's no - depending upon what was served for lunch,
or how the stock market did the day before.
But it doesn't take a bad lunch to see an amazing concatenation of
But it doesn't take a bad lunch to see an amazing concatenation of
events involving Russian and Chinesse communist nationals, The WHO, The
National Cancer Institute, and the AIDS epidemic.
But what about the green monkey? Some of the best virologist in the
But what about the green monkey? Some of the best virologist in the
world and many of those directly involved in AIDS research, such as
Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier, have said that the green monkey may be
the culprit. You know the story: A green monkey bit a native on the ass
and, bam - AIDS all over central Africa.
There is a fatal flaw here. It is very strange. Because Gallo,
There is a fatal flaw here. It is very strange. Because Gallo,
Montagnier and these other virologist know that the AIDS virus doesn't
occur naturally in monkeys. In fact it doesn't occur naturally in any
animal.
AIDS started practically simultaneously in the United States, Haiti,
AIDS started practically simultaneously in the United States, Haiti,
Brazil, and Central Africa. ( Was the green monkey a jet pilot? )
Examination for the gene structure of the green monkey cells prove that
it is not genetically possible to transfer the AIDS virus from monkeys
to man by natural means.
Because of the artificial nature of the AIDS virus it will not easily
Because of the artificial nature of the AIDS virus it will not easily
transfer from man to man unless it has become very concentrated in the
body fluids through repeated injections from person to person, such as
drug addicts, and through high multiple partner sexual activity such as
takes place in Africa and among homosexuals. After repeated transfer it
can become a " natural " infection for man, which it has.
Dr. Theodore Strecker's research of the literature indicates that
Dr. Theodore Strecker's research of the literature indicates that
the National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) in collaboration with the WHO,
made the AIDS virus in there laboratories at Fort Detrick ( now NCI ).
They combined the deadly retro-viruses Bovine-Leukemia Virus and Sheep
@ -103,35 +103,35 @@ Visna Virus, and injected them into human tissue cultures. The result
was the AIDS virus, the first human retro-virus known to man and now
believed to be 100% fatal to those infected.
The momentous plague that we now face was anticipated by the National
The momentous plague that we now face was anticipated by the National
Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1974 when they recommended that "Scientists
throughout the world join with the members of this committee in voluntarily
deferring experiments linking animal viruses". What the NAS is saying in
carefully guarded english is: "For God's sake. Stop this madness!" The
green monkey is off the hook. How about the Communists?
Communist are in the process of conducting germ warfare from Fort
Communist are in the process of conducting germ warfare from Fort
Detrick, Maryland against the free world, expecially the United States,
even using foreign communist agents within the US Army's germ warfare
unit euphamistically called the Army Infectious Disease Unit.
You don't believe it? Carlton Gajdusek, an NIH bigshot at Detrick
You don't believe it? Carlton Gajdusek, an NIH bigshot at Detrick
admits it. " IN THE FACILITY I HAVE A BUILDING WHERE MORE GOOD AND
LOYAL COMMUNIST SCIENTISTS FROM THE USSR AND MAINLAND CHINA WORK, WITH
FULL PASSKEYS TO ALL THE LABORATORIES, THAN THERE ARE AMERICAN. EVEN THE
ARMY'S INFECTIOUS DISEASE UNIT IS LOADED WITH FOREIGN WORKERS NOT ALWAYS
FRIENDLY NATIONALS."
Can you imagine that? A UN-WHO communist trogan horse in our
Can you imagine that? A UN-WHO communist trogan horse in our
biological warfare center with the full blessing of the US government?
The creation of the AIDS virus by the WHO was not just a diabolical
The creation of the AIDS virus by the WHO was not just a diabolical
scientific exercise that got out of hand. It was a cold-blooded
successful attempt to create a killer virus which was then used in a
successful experiment in Africa. So successful in fact that most of
Central Africa may be wiped out, 75,000,000 dead within 3-5 years.
It was not an accident, it was deliberate. In the Federation
It was not an accident, it was deliberate. In the Federation
Proceedings of the United States in 1972, WHO said : " In relation
to the immune response a number of useful experimental approaches can
be visualized ". They suggested a neat way to do this would be to put
@ -141,12 +141,12 @@ sibships," they said. That is, give AIDS to brothers and sisters and
see if they die, who dies first, and of what, just like rats in a
laboratory.
They used the smallpox vaccine for their vehicle and the geographical
They used the smallpox vaccine for their vehicle and the geographical
sites chosen in 1972 were Ugunda and other African sites, Haiti, Brazil
and Japan. The present and recent past of AIDS epidemiology coincides
with these geographical areas.
Dr. Strecker points out that even if the African green monkey could
Dr. Strecker points out that even if the African green monkey could
transmit AIDS to humans, the present known amount of infection in Africa
makes it statistically impossible for a single episode, such as a monkey
biting someone, to have brought this epidemic to this point. The doubling
@ -162,20 +162,20 @@ etc...In 15 years, from a single source of infection there would be about
8000 cases in Africa, not 75 million. We are approaching World War II
mortality statistics here - without a shot being fired.
Dr. Theodore A. Strecker is the courageous doctor who has unraveled
Dr. Theodore A. Strecker is the courageous doctor who has unraveled
this conundrum, the greatest murder mystery of all time. He should get
the Nobel Prize but he'll be lucky not to get "suicided." ( "Prominent
California doctor ties his hands behind his back, hangs himself, and
jumps from 20th floor. There was no evidence of foul play." )
Strecker was employed as a consultant to work on a health proposal
Strecker was employed as a consultant to work on a health proposal
for Security Pacific Bank. He was to estimate the cost of their health
care for the future. Should they form an HMO was the major issue. After
investigating the current medical market he advised against the HMO because
he found that the AIDS epidemic in all probability bankrupt the nation's
medical system.
He became fascinated with all the scientific anomalies concerning AIDS
He became fascinated with all the scientific anomalies concerning AIDS
that kept cropping up. Why did the " experts " keep talking about
green monkeys and homosexuals being the culprits when it was obvious that
the AIDS virus was a man-made virus? Why did they say it was a homosexual
@ -183,49 +183,49 @@ and drug-user disease when in Africa it was obviously a heterosexual
disease? If the green monkey did it then why did AIDS explode practically
simultaneously in Africa, Haiti, Brazil, Japan, and the United States?
Why, when it was proposed to the National Institute of Health that the
Why, when it was proposed to the National Institute of Health that the
AIDS virus was a combination of two bovine or sheep viruses cultured in
human cells in a laboratory, did they say it was " bad science " when
thats exactly what occurred?
As early as 1970 the WHO was growing these deadly animal viruses in
As early as 1970 the WHO was growing these deadly animal viruses in
human tissue cultures. Cedric Mims, in 1981, said in a published article
that there was a bovive virus contaminating the culture media of th WHO.
Was this an accident or a "non-accident"? If it was an accident then why
did the WHO continue to use the vaccine?
This viral and genetic death bomb, AIDS, was finally produced in 1974.
This viral and genetic death bomb, AIDS, was finally produced in 1974.
It was given to monkeys and they died of pneumocystis carni which is
typical of AIDS.
Dr. R. J. Biggar said in Lancet ( a Brittish journal ) that the AIDS
Dr. R. J. Biggar said in Lancet ( a Brittish journal ) that the AIDS
agent could not have developed de novo. That means in plain english that
it didn't come out of thin air. AIDS was engineered in a laboratory by
virologists. It couldn't engineer itself. As Dr. Stricker so colorfully
puts it: " If a person has no arms or legs and shows up at a party in a
tuxedo, how did he get dressed? Somebody dressed him. "
There are 9000 to the 4th power possible AIDS viruses. ( There are
There are 9000 to the 4th power possible AIDS viruses. ( There are
9000 base pairs on the geneome. ) So the fun has just begun. Some will
cause brain rot similar to the sheep virus, some leukemia-like diseases
from the cow viruses, and some that won't do anything. So the virus will
be constantly changing and trying out new esoteric disease on hapless
man. We're only the beginning
Because of the trillions of possible genetic combinations there will
Because of the trillions of possible genetic combinations there will
never be a vaccine. Even if they could develop a vaccine they would
un-doubtfully give us something equally as bad as they did with the Polio
vaccine ( cancer of the brain ), the Swine Flu vaccine ( a Polio-like
disease ), the Smallpox vaccine (AIDS), and the Hepatitis vaccine (AIDS).
There are precedents. This is not the first time the virologists have
There are precedents. This is not the first time the virologists have
brought us disaster. SV-40 virus from monkey cell cultures contaminated
Polio cultures. Most people in there 40's are now carrying the virus
through contaminated Polio innoculations given in the early 60's. It is
known to cause brain cancer which explains the increase in this disease
that we have seen in the past 10 years.
This is the origin of the green monkey theory. The Polio vaccine was
This is the origin of the green monkey theory. The Polio vaccine was
grown on green monkey kidney cells. 64 million Americans were vaccinated
with SV-40 contaminated vaccine in the 60's. An increase in cancer of the
brain, possibly Multiple Sclerosis, and God only knows what else is the
@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ tragic result. The delay between vaccination and the onset of cancer
with this virus is as long as 20-30 years. 1965 + 20 = 1985. Get the
picture?
The final piece of the puzzle is how AIDS devastated the homosexual
The final piece of the puzzle is how AIDS devastated the homosexual
population in the United States. It wasn't from Smalpox vaccination as
in Africa because we don't do that any more. There is no Smallpox in the
United States and so vaccination was discontinued. Although some AIDS has
@ -241,28 +241,28 @@ been brought to the United States from Haiti by homosexuals, It would not
be enough to explain the explosion of AIDS that occurred simultaneously
with the African and Haitian epidemics.
The AIDS virus didn't exist in the United States before 1978. You can
The AIDS virus didn't exist in the United States before 1978. You can
check back in any hospital and no stored blood samples can be found
anywhere that exhibit the AIDS virus before that date. What happened in
1978 and beyond to cause AIDS to burst upon the scene and devastate the
homosexual section of our population? It was the introduction of the
Hepatitis B vaccine which exhibits the exact same epidemiology of AIDS.
A Doctor W. Schmunger, born in Poland and educated in Russia, came
A Doctor W. Schmunger, born in Poland and educated in Russia, came
to this country in 1969. Schmunger's immigration to the U.S. was
probably the most fatefull immigration in our history. He, by un-explained
process, became the head of one of the New York City blood bank. ( How
does a Russian trained doctor become the head of one of the largest blood
banks in the world? Doesn't that strike you as peculiar? )
He set up the rules for the Hepatitis vaccine studies. Only males
He set up the rules for the Hepatitis vaccine studies. Only males
between the ages of 20 and 40 , who were not monogamous, were allowed to
participate in this study. Can you think of any reason for insisting that
all expermentees be promiscuous? Maybe you don't believe in the Communist
conspiracy theory but give me some other logical explanation. Schmunger
is now dead and his diabolical secret went with him.
The Centers for Disease Control reported in 1981 that 4% of those
The Centers for Disease Control reported in 1981 that 4% of those
receiving the Hepatitis vaccine were AIDS infected. In 1984 they admitted
to 60%. Now they refuse to give out the figures at all because they don't
want to admit that 100% of the Hepatitis vaccine receivers are AIDS
@ -270,20 +270,20 @@ infected. Where is the data on the Hepatitis vaccine studied? FDA? CDC?
No, the U.S. Department of Justice has buried it where you will never see
it.
What has the government told us about AIDS?
What has the government told us about AIDS?
* It's a homosexual disease-----------------------WRONG
* It's related to anal intercourse only-----------WRONG
* Only a small % of those testing positive
for AIDS would get the disease------------------WRONG
* It came from the African green monkey-----------WRONG
* It came from cytomegalovirus--------------------WRONG
* It was due to popping amyl nitrate with sex-----WRONG
* It was started 400 years ago by the Portugese---WRONG
* You cant get it from insects--------------------WRONG
* The virus can't live outside the body-----------WRONG
* It's a homosexual disease-----------------------WRONG
* It's related to anal intercourse only-----------WRONG
* Only a small % of those testing positive
for AIDS would get the disease------------------WRONG
* It came from the African green monkey-----------WRONG
* It came from cytomegalovirus--------------------WRONG
* It was due to popping amyl nitrate with sex-----WRONG
* It was started 400 years ago by the Portugese---WRONG
* You cant get it from insects--------------------WRONG
* The virus can't live outside the body-----------WRONG
The head of the Human Leukemia Research Group at Harvard is a
The head of the Human Leukemia Research Group at Harvard is a
veterinarian. Dr. O. W. Judd, International Agency for Research on Cancer,
the agency that requested the production of the virus in the first place,
is also a veterinarian. The Leukemia research he is conducting is being
@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ government give Judd, a veterinarian, 8.5 million dollars to study
leukemia in a veterinary college? As long as we are being used as
experimental animals maybe it is appropriate.
The London Times should be congratulated for uncovering the smallpox-
The London Times should be congratulated for uncovering the smallpox-
AIDS connection. But there expose was very misleading. The article states
that the African AIDS epidemic was caused by the smallpox vaccine
"triggering" the AIDS in those vaccinated. Dr. Robert Gallo, who has been
@ -308,28 +308,28 @@ was present in Africa before the WHO descended upon these hapless people
in 1967 with their deadly AIDS-laced vaccine. The AIDS virus didn't come
from Africa, it came from Fort Detrick, Maryland, U.S.A.
The situation is extremely desperate and the medical profession is
The situation is extremely desperate and the medical profession is
too frightened and cowed (as usual) to take any action. Dr. Strecker
attempted to mobilize the doctors through some of the most respected
medical journals in the world. The prestigious Annals of Internal Medicine
said that his material "appears to be entirely concerned with maters of
virology" and so try some other publication.
In his letter to The Annals, Strecker said, "If correct human
In his letter to The Annals, Strecker said, "If correct human
experimental procedures had been followed we would not find half of the
world stumbling off on the wrong path to the cure for AIDS with the other
half of the world covering up the origination of the dammed disease. It
appears to me that your Annals of Internal Medicine is participating in
the greatest fraud ever perpetrated."
I guess they didn't like that so Stricker submitted his sensational
I guess they didn't like that so Stricker submitted his sensational
and mind-boggling letter with all of the proper documentation to the
British journal, Lancet. Their reply : " Thank you for that interesting
letter on AIDS. I am sorry to have to report that we will not be able to
publish it. We have no criticism" but their letter section was " over
crowded with submissions ".
They're too crowded to announce the end of western civilization and
They're too crowded to announce the end of western civilization and
possibly all mandkind? Doesn't seem reasonable. What can we do? The first
thing that should be done is to close down all laboratories in this
country that are dealing with these deadly retro-viruses. Then we must
@ -337,9 +337,9 @@ sort out the insane, irresponsible and traitorous scientists involved
in these experiments and try them for murder. Then maybe, just ,maybe, we
can re-populate and re-civilize the world.
William Campbell Douglass, M.D.
P.O. Box 38 Lakemont, GA 30552
William Campbell Douglass, M.D.
P.O. Box 38 Lakemont, GA 30552
</p></xml>
</p></xml>

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regexConsp/aids-2.txt
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@ -1,930 +0,0 @@
<xml><p></p>
<p>The following articles are extracted from New Dawn magazine,
Volume No. 1 &amp; 2. (C) Copyright April 1992. Subscription rates are
as follows: $30 for 12 issues, $5 sample; Foreign US$40 &amp; US$7.
New Dawn, GPO Box 3126FF, Melbourne, 3001, Australia.</p>
<p>Shocking Revelations on AIDS Research by Our North American
Correspondent</p>
<p>Dr. Abdul Alim Muhammad, national spokesman for Minister Louis
Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam, dropped a bombshell on the
nation's capital at a mass rally held at All Souls Unitarian
Church on September 8. Although the event had been planned for
some time to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the Washington,
D.C. ministry of Dr. Muhammad, he turned the event into a report
on his recent fact-finding mission to the African nation of Kenya.</p>
<p>Dr. Muhammad startled the standing-room-only audience when he
announced that a research team working out of the Kenyan Medical
Research Institute, led by the Harvard-trained immunologist Dr.
David Koech, had made dramatic advances in the treatment of AIDS.
Dr. Muhammad also charged that the U.S. government was leading a
major effort by the international medical establishment to
suppress this groundbreaking research.</p>
<p>Among those who packed the church to hear Dr. Muhammad speak on
the theme "Can We Survive Genocide," were clergy from several
denominations along the East Coast, civil rights leaders,
community activists, leaders of the Nation of Islam, elected
officials and political leaders from Maryland, Virginia, and the
District of Columbia, and hundreds of ordinary citizens. The
introduction of Washington's former Mayor Marion Barry - the man
on whom the Bush administration spent millions to remove him from
office - brought the house to its feet in an extended ovation.</p>
<p>A Policy of Genocide</p>
<p>In his remarks, Dr. Muhammad quoted extensively from a 1985
article authored by Lyndon LaRouche, "The Looming Extinction of
the 'White Race'". In that piece, LaRouche documents that the
imperial policies intrinsic to oligarchism have set into motion
the self-destruction of the population levels and economies of
those "white" nations that have complicitly tolerated oligarchical
policies - most specifically the United States and Great Britain.
LaRouche states that since what the oligarchs call the "Great
White Race" is dying out at an accelerating rate, and threatening
the supremacy of the Anglo-American financial establishment, we
witness a fanatically Malthusian commitment to a policy of
genocide directed against people of colour; a genocide consciously
implemented through the conditionalities policies of the
International Monetary Fund (IMF).</p>
<p>"That," Dr. Muhammad charged, "is one of the reasons they've got
him locked up; because he's got the guts to tell the truth."</p>
<p>Dr. Muhammad went on to present extensive evidence that the policy
of deliberate genocide is fully operational. He described the
CIA's support for the cause of population control during George
Bush's tenure as Director of Central Intelligence, and reported
the contents of National Security Memorandum 200, written during
the Ford administration, which advised that the preservation of
U.S. political and commercial interests "will require that the
President and Secretary of State treat the subject of population
growth control in the third world as a matter of paramount
importance...." To the amazement of the audience, Muhammad
identified the authors of the internal memo as Henry Kissinger and
Gen. Brent Scowcroft, now Bush's national security adviser. (See
The New Dawn Vol.1 No.1, May, 1991)</p>
<p>Dr. Muhammad used the case of Brazil, which has the second largest
black population in the world, to prove that the memorandum was
being implemented. "Today in Brazil, 40% of the women of
childbearing age have been surgically sterilized with funds
provided by the USAID," he said, "and 90% of those sterilized
women are black."</p>
<p>He insisted that this genocide was the real agenda of Bush's New
World Order; that it not only motivated the invasion of Panama and
the kidnapping of Gen. Manuel Noriega, but also the continuing
murder of the nation of Iraq. He told the audience that these were
just the opening battles in the war of the advanced sector nations
of the North against the developing nations of the South. Dr.
Muhammad denounced George Bush as a wicked man who cherished his
membership in the satanic secret society Skull and Bones. He
reminded the audience that the "skull and bones" was also the
emblem on the flag flown by the slave traders who raided Africa,
as well as of the latter day pirates.</p>
<p>AIDS and 'population control'</p>
<p>Given the Anglo-American establishment's commitment to mass
murder, the effort to suppress the promising research of Dr. Koech
and his colleagues should come as no surprise to anyone, the
Nation of Islam leader said. In fact, he contended, there is
substantial evidence to indicate that AIDS was developed as a
race-specific population control measure. Dr. Muhammad ridiculed
the theory that AIDS originated when the virus made a species jump
from the African green monkey to the African population. "We lived
with the green monkey for thousands of years and never had any
problems. The green monkey isn't our enemy. The IMF is."</p>
<p>Dr. Muhammad, who is a trained surgeon, said he traveled to Kenya
to see for himself what the alpha interferon derivative, which
goes under the trade name Kemron, was really all about. Dr.
Muhammad reported that he interviewed the research team in their
laboratory, was permitted to review their data, and to examine
AIDS patients currently undergoing treatment with Kemron and with
a new, more advanced form of Kemron, the drug Immunex, which
contains a greater number of alpha interferon components than the
original drug. Dr. Muhammad stressed that although the new drug
was only a treatment and not a cure for the deadly HIV virus, he
was tremendously hopeful and encouraged by the dramatic
improvement in the condition of those undergoing treatment.</p>
<p>Dr. Muhammad introduced Dr. Barbara Justice, a well-known New York
City-based cancer surgeon who has sent 54 AIDS patients to Kenya
for treatment over the past year. Dr. Justice reported that 97% of
her patients showed marked improvement within weeks of beginning
treatment, and that most were able to regain some degree of
normalcy in their ability to function.</p>
<p>It has been almost impossible for anyone outside of Kenya
administering Kemron on an experimental basis in the to assess the
work of the Kenyan team, which has been treatment of AIDS since
1989, since it has been systematically blacked out of the
scientific literature. Dr. Koech was to present his data, first at
the International AIDS Conference in the United States in 1987,
and then again at the 1991 AIDS Conference in Italy. On both
occasions, his invitation was inexplicably withdrawn.</p>
<p>Last year, Dr. Koech decided to take his data directly to the U.S.
medical community, and an extensive U.S. lecture tour was planned.
That tour was abruptly cancelled when the State Department refused
to issue Dr. Koech the necessary permission to enter the United
States.</p>
<p>This is certainly not the first time that important AIDS research
has been suppressed. Quite the contrary, it is part of a
continuing criminal pattern of lies and cover-up. The importance
of a rapid evaluation of Dr. Koech's work with Kemron and Immunex
is obvious. Currently, the only treatment available to AIDS
victims is the drug AZT; however, AZT therapy is prohibitively
expensive and carries with it extremely destructive side effects,
especially with prolonged use. Additionally, a recent study
conducted by the U.S. Army showed that, for unexplained reasons,
AZT therapy is not only largely ineffective in the treatment of
blacks, but that, in fact, AZT seems to aggravate symptoms in an
alarming number of black patients.</p>
<p>Kenya's President Daniel Arap Moi clearly finds the Koech team's
findings to be convincing. He recently announced that his
government was building a factory to allow the mass production of
alpha interferon.**</p>
<p>======================================================================</p>
<p>AIDS - Man-Made Holocaust</p>
<p>The fact that AIDS is a man-made virus created in U.S.
laboratories has been covered up</p>
<p>By JASON JEFFREY</p>
<p>"America should withdraw from the Mediterranean, Europe and all
foreign bases and it should save that money to create jobs for 12
million unemployed Americans, and contribute towards the
elimination of the diseases it manufactured like AIDS which was
produced by the CIA at its laboratories and tested on American
prisoners who took the virus with them to the outside world when
released from prison and then it spread throughout the world."
- Muammar Al-Qadhafi speaking at the International Conference for
Peace in the Mediterranean, 4-6 May, 1990.</p>
<p> On July 4, 1984, the Indian daily Patriot published a
horrifying report that the disease AIDS was believed to
have originated from a virus created in the laboratories
at the U.S. germ warfare research institute at Fort
Detrick, Maryland. The editor explained that the
information had come from a well-known American scientist
and anthropologist who expressed the fear that India might
face a danger from the disease in the near future. The
American had to remain anonymous. He was obviously in
danger for having disclosed so deadly a secret. At that
time, when the full horror of the incurable disease was
not known Patriot reported that the World Health
Organisation believed AIDS posed the gravest threat to the
entire population of the world. More on the World Health
Organisation later. The British Sunday Express, 26
October, 1986, with banner headlines, and an "exclusive"
label, announced "AIDS made in lab. shock." The front-page
story said that the virus was created during laboratory
experiments which "went disastrously wrong." It added that
a massive cover-up had kept the secret from the world. The
Sunday Express quoted a British expert, Dr. John Seale,
who first reported his conclusion that the virus was
man-made last August, 1986, in the Royal Society of
Medicine Journal. He said that his report was met with a
"deadly silence" from the medical profession, and that
made him very suspicious. The editor of the Journal
agreed, according to Dr. Seale, that "it sounded like a
conspiracy of silence." The second expert quoted by the
Sunday Express, was Prof. Jacob Segal, retired Director of
the Institute of Biology in Berlin. It said, "our
investigators have revealed that two U.S. Embassy
officials made a two-hour visit to Prof. Segal at his home
two weeks ago questioning him about what he knows, what he
thinks, where he got his information, and what he intends
doing with his report." The Professor told the reporters,
"one said he was a historian, and the other said he was a
political consul. But I am positive they were from the
CIA, and that they were deeply concerned that the cover-up
over the origin of AIDS was going to be exposed." I told
them I had known that in the mid-70s experiments were
being carried out at Fort Detrick, where the U.S. Army
Medical Research Command has its headquarters, on
volunteer long-term prisoners who were promised their
freedom after the tests. Almost certainly the scientists
were unaware of the extent of their terrible creation -
the AIDS virus.
WHO Involvement?
The third expert quoted in the Sunday Express was Dr.
Robert Strecker, an internist and gastroentarologist from
Glendale, California, who stated "it must have been
genetically engineered." Strecker believes, after years of
exhaustive research, that the AIDS virus is indeed
man-made. Strecker has alleged that AIDS was engineered at
the request of the World Health Organisation and other
scientific groups who, according to Strecker, injected the
disease during preventative vaccines. WHO, he says, along
with the International Agency for Research on Cancer and
The National Institute on Health, requested the production
of a virus that would attack the immune system's T-cells.
AIDS, he says, is a hybrid of two animal viruses - bovine
leukemia (found in cattle) and a sheep brain virus called
visna. This new virus was given as vaccinations in Haiti,
Brazil, Africa and the Caribbean by WHO in a 13-year
campaign against smallpox in Third World nations, reports
indicate. Strecker, in his 97-minute videotape, "The
Strecker Memorandum," cites specific documentation
supporting theories that AIDS is a result of that direct
request. For example, from Volume 47 of Bulletin of the
World Health Organisation (1972), page 259: "The effects
of virus infection of different cell types (e.g.,
Macrophages, T and B lymphocytes) should be studied in
greater detail with morphological changes perhaps serving
as an indication of functional alteration..." "The
possibility should also be looked into that the immune
response to the virus may itself be impaired if the
infecting virus damages more or less selectively the cells
responding to the viral antigens..." In fact, a May 11,
1987 frontpage article in the London Times, headlined
"Smallpox Vaccine Triggered AIDS Virus," said WHO was
investigating new evidence suggesting that "immunization
from the smallpox vaccine Vaccinia awakened the
unsuspected, dormant human immuno defense virus infection
(HIV)." Vaccinia was the actual vaccine given as smallpox
deterrents during the WHO project. Were the AIDS
infections intentional, accidental or coincidence?
According to Strecker in his "Memorandum," a key part of
the actual study "was to be the time relationship between
infection and antigen administration," which suggests WHO
officials - and other agencies who were directly dependent
on the United States government for research grants - had
to have known. The denials were not long in coming. But
the British Sunday Telegraph exposed itself. It said the
story (the Sunday Express article) was invented by the
Russians "to smear the Americans," and recalled that it
had appeared in the Soviet journal, Literary Gazette. It
said this paper based its report on the Patriot - and that
the Patriot report did not exist! Professor Segal
describes as "ludicrous and scientifically incredible" the
theory that the virus came from African green monkeys. One
thing is certain: the controversy surrounding the AIDS
virus will not die.</p>
<p>A Weapon Against Black People?
Zear Miles, a Black industrial engineer, who has studied
the AIDS virus and its origins for about six years has
stated that he has proof from various documentation and
letters from other AIDS researchers to prove that the
virus was made in an American military lab as a means to
suppress Blacks. In his document entitled "Rape Africa",
Miles researched the origin of the AIDS virus from 1952,
when the federal government had enough blood types and
characteristics of every nationality in the world up to
the King Alfred plan which called for the extinction of
Blacks in national security emergencies. Miles learned
that through National Security Council Memorandum 46,
dated 1978, which called for a possible way to gauge and
control the impact of the growing Black movement, the
government was researching possible ways to suppress Black
hostility toward the authorities. Later called the King
Alfred plan, the scheme called for the extinction of
Blacks by the year 2000 with an AIDS-like virus. Miles
said he also gauged the increasing number of AIDS cases in
which the number of Black contractors have gone up
significantly compared with Whites, citing that the AIDS
virus attacked a Black person's immune system and
destroyed it in six weeks as opposed to a White person's
time of six months.</p>
<p>The Evidence
What is the evidence available to the layman. First, the
initial cases were reported in New York and there is no
dispute that Fort Detrick was working on immunological
defence against infection. The British Guardian reported
on October 27, 1986, that in 1969 evidence was given to a
Washington Appropriation Committee that "within the next
five or ten years it would probably be possible to make a
new infective micro-organism which would differ from any
known disease causing organism. Most important, that it
might be refractory to the immunological and therapeutic
properties on which we depend to maintain our relative
freedom from infectious disease." "Refractory" means,
according to the Oxford Dictionary, "not yielding to
treatment." AIDS answers precisely to that description.
On September 24, 1986, the Daily Telegraph reported from
Washington, "Enough of a debilitating virus to infect the
whole world, disappeared from an American germwarfare
laboratory five years ago, and has never been traced, an
environment group claimed yesterday in a Washington Court
action aimed at halting biological weapons research." In
1968, the J.D. Bernal Peace Library organised a conference
on the dangers of biological warfare research. Ritchie
Calder said then that among the weapons being stockpiled
were some designed to bring about genetic changes. He said
the "doomsday bug was under wraps" and that there was a
conspiracy of silence about germ weapons because the
implications were so frightening." He told the British
Daily Mirror after his address that "somewhere in the
world a germ is being cultured to which we would have no
natural resistance and to which there would be no sure
defence." A precise description of AIDS. The British
Observer, on June 30, 1968, quoted from an article in the
Journal of General Microbiology by W.D. Lawton of Fort
Detrick, and R.C. Morris and T.W. Burrows of the British
microbiological research station at Porton. One paragraph
said, "By engineering the genetics of individual strains,
microbiologists aim to produce a single strain containing
the most deadly combination of properties." Again, a
description of AIDS. The article says that at that time
Porton, according to the government, was concerned only
with defence applications of research, but Fort Detrick
was only committed to developing microbiological weapons
for offence. The Japanese carried out germ warfare
research in occupied China during the war. Some of these
criminals were captured by the Soviets and duly tried and
sentenced. Others were given immunity by the Americans and
taken to work at Fort Detrick. In 1969, after the AIDS
virus was loose, negotiations began on a Convention
banning biological weapons, and it came into force in
1972. In its first review conference in 1980, it was
reported that 80 countries had ratified. But there is no
provision in the Convention to ban research or for
verification. Nichola Sims, who has written a book on
biological disarmament, wrote recently, "the failure of
the Convention to impose any restrictions even on
'offensive' biological warfare research, has been
frequently criticised." And she refers to popular fears
that a "super germ breakthrough in the means of waging
biological or toxin warfare is just around the corner and
may induce the possessor of such a germ to break out of
the Convention." She quotes Dr. Robert K. Mikulak of the
U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency for the statement
that "there is no justification for classified military
research on the question in any country." But so far there
is no inspection or verification. A much more recent
accusation against the United States for the manufacturing
of the AIDS virus comes from the Libyan UN Ambassador, Mr.
Ali Ahmed Elhouderi. On January 9, 1992, at a press
conference, he stated that the AIDS virus was produced in
a laboratory probably as a weapon. He said, "We think it
is man-made and it was done in laboratories. And it was
not, as suggested, coming from monkeys in Africa." He also
suggested that the virus had been manufactured at the time
of the Vietnam War. These statements fit perfectly into
place as research would have been carried out at that time
at Fort Detrick for offensive purposes against the North
Vietnamese.</p>
<p>AIDS Was Man-Made
On all the circumstantial evidence, the layman will almost
certainly reject the idea that the escape of the man-made
AIDS virus was the result of a disastrous error during
innocent civilian research. We can assuredly conclude that
it was the result of germ warfare research, and the finger
of guilt points to the United States. The scientists
could not have visualised that they would let loose a
so-far incurable disease that may and possibly will wipe
out millions, particularly in the Third World, where the
majority of the world's population lives. Never was the
need greater for the nations to drop their differences and
to concentrate all their skill and resources in a
world-wide battle against this terrible threat, and to end
the horror of germ warfare research.**</p>
<p>======================================================================</p>
<p>The Mystery of Skull Valley</p>
<p>By NIKOLAI FILIPPOV</p>
<p>Because of an error made by an airman testing a new germ weapon, a
deadly virus attacks the population of a small town in highland
Utah, USA. An incurable disease begins to kill people like a
plague epidemic. In an attempt to cover up the traces of their
crime, the military authorities artificially cause a landslide
that buries the town and doom chance survivors to lifelong
isolation.</p>
<p> This is the plot of Vector, a novel by Henry Sutton, an
American author. This book is based on dramatic events
during which the victims were fortunately not people but
animals. March 14-20, 1968 was a black week for American
farmers grazing sheep in the remote pasturelands of
semi-desert Skull Valley, Utah. About 6,500 sheep died
there in those seven days under mysterious circumstances.
Even more of a mystery was that people, cattle and other
animals in the area were unscathed. Everybody - farmers,
residents of Utah, journalists - felt certain that the
accident was linked to the US Army chemical and
bacteriological testing ground in Dugway with an area of
several thousand square kilometres in the vicinity of
Skull Valley. Indeed, at that very time the thousands of
Dugway employees were carrying out large scale experiments
in preparation for further escalation of the chemical war
and the start of a germ war in Vietnam. For a whole year
the Defence Department emphatically denied that animals in
Skull Valley were being affected by the chemical or
biological agents disseminated in the atmosphere during
the test. In an attempt at a cover-up, experts at the
proving ground advanced hypotheses which must have seemed
untenable even to laymen about the sheep having been
killed by poisonous plants or a natural epizootic.
However, an inquiry by Utah authorities in collaboration
with veterinarians and health experts compelled the
Pentagon to admit its responsibility for the death of the
sheep. Even so, no one at Dugway was punished. The blame
for a terrible crime posing a real threat to people's
health due to a gross violation of safety standards in
conducting tests was placed on an unfortunate accident.
According to the official version formulated under the
direction of the U.S. military authorities, a test of
TMU-28/B spray tanks with nerve agent VX, was carried out
at Dugway on March 13, 1968. The gas was dispersed from an
F-4E jet bomber by means of two spray tanks with a total
capacity of 1,200 litres. The bomber flew at an altitude
of 40 to 45 m. During the test something went wrong with
one of the tanks (or so the version ran), and besides, the
direction of the wind varied, with the result that part of
the nerve gas was carried beyond the proving ground. A
cloud of aerosol VX allegedly contaminated pasturelands on
an area of 400-500 sq. km. Skull Valley was not the only
area where sheep died, for a cloud of aerosol VX reached
Res Valley, killing sheep 70 km away from where the poison
gas had been released. Anyone who has read publications
dealing with the accident in Skull Valley and Res Valley
is bound to detect a contradiction between the military
authorities' version and the facts. The Pentagon has yet
to explain why a whole year passed before it made up its
mind about what chemical or biological agent caused the
death of the sheep outside Dugway. If the Dugway test had
to do only with VX, then that gas was the only cause of
the sheep's death and this could have been stated at once.
There is reason to presume that over a short period
experiments were carried out at Dugway involving a whole
range of poison gases and biological agents. But it is
logical to suppose that even in such a contingency experts
should know well the properties and casualty effects of
the test materials. And this implies that researchers must
have had no difficulty in ascertaining the nature of the
agent which killed so many sheep. The official story of
the experiment of March 13, 1968, says that the wind
carried beyond Dugway, in the form of vapours and highly
dispersed aerosol, a mere nine kg, or 0.8 per cent, of the
total amount of VX gas to be dispersed. Field chemical
control cannot ensure such a degree of accuracy. But the
authors of the version needed to cite some figure in order
to make people believe that the sheep had been killed by a
nerve gas. At the same time, the Pentagon wanted to
conceal from the public the real danger posed by chemical
weapon tests in the atmosphere to residents of Utah and so
it withheld information about the actual amount of gas
released over Skull Valley. The Pentagon officials
suggested that the contamination level in the Skull Valley
pastureland where deaths occurred among sheep averaged a
mere 0.02 gram per hectare. Let us note by way of
comparison that to kill humans, it would be necessary
according to U.S. data available to disseminate from one
to three kilograms of VX per hectare of target, or 100
thousand times more than the contamination level in Skull
Valley given in the official version. Reports said that in
a flock totalling 2,800 sheep, 2,500 or 90 per cent, were
killed. No such effect is possible where the VX
contamination level is 0.02 gram per hectare. A
publication put out by the Dugway proving ground said that
during the test on March 13, 1968, the greatest distance
at which VX drops spilled on the ground had been 5.4 km
and not 70 km, as the official version would have it. The
Pentagon's information on one and the same fact varies
from document to document and from period to period.
Surely this shows that the version is false. A
contaminated cloud spreading wide in the atmosphere only
retains vapours and minute particles of aerosol which do
not settle on the ground and can be inhaled. It follows
that had such a cloud really floated over Skull Valley, it
would have caused inhalational casualties in other animals
as well, including cattle and horses, but no such thing
happened, according to documentary evidence. In the early
days after the accident, before the hypothesis about VX
was advanced, doubts were expressed even by Brig. Gen.
William Stone. He rightly asked why the gas had only
killed sheep without affecting people. There were also
other moot points. Why were the diseased sheep shot dead?
Why was no attempt made to save them by evacuating them to
an uncontaminated area or by treating them with atropine
or other antidotes? Marr Fawcett, a veterinarian of Utah,
refused to believe that the sheep had been poisoned with
VX, for in that case many of them could, in his opinion,
have been saved by means of antidotes. Dr. Kent Van
Kampen, a veterinary pathologist in Utah, said in April
1968, shortly after the accident, that as early as March
17, 1968, the supposition that the sheep had been hit by a
chemical poison affecting the nervous system could have
been refuted without difficulty since all symptoms of such
poisoning were lacking. The death of an animal poisoned
with a nerve gas such as VX is accompanied by spasms and
paresis of muscles in the limbs. Yet judging by what sheep
herders said in the early days of the inquiry into the
accident, dying sheep had shown no signs of spasms. True,
later on someone saw to it that a videotape recording
allegedly illustrating the Skull Valley accident was
projected widely. The tape showed the death of a single
sheep shaking with spasms as a group of civilians looked
on. One year after the accident, Kent Van Kampen and Marr
Fawcett contributed in collaboration with other experts of
Utah an article to the Journal of the American Veterinary
Medical Association setting out the causes and
circumstances of the sheep's death in Skull Valley, their
version tallying with the Pentagon's. There was a footnote
saying that in writing their article, the authors had
enjoyed expert assistance (it is easy enough to guess what
kind of assistance) in particular from Dr. Mortimer
Rothenberg, the science director at Dugway, and Dr.
Bernard MacNamara of Edgewood Arsenal, the chief U.S. Army
centre for the development of chemical and germ weapons.
We might as well note at this point that shortly after the
sheep's death in Skull Valley Dr. Rothenberg, trying to
exonerate Dugway from blame for the accident, declared
that the symptoms displayed by the sheep had nothing
whatever in common with those of nerve gas poisoning. And
so, it took the Pentagon a year to invent an explanation
for the sheep's death and make the civilian experts
mentioned above present its version as their own, thereby
striking a bargain with their conscience. The videotape
which showed a sheep's death from VX was intended to serve
the same purpose. But the forgery was too crude for
knowledgeable people to mistake it for the truth. They
realised at once that the "documentary" showed a sheep
injected with a nerve gas by means of a syringe, that is,
in the same way as this is done in demonstrating the
effect of nerve gases on animals. They deduced this from
the absence of any other living or dead sheep on the
screen as well as from the presence of people wearing no
gas masks or protective clothes, whereas safety
regulations forbid anyone to enter without taking these
precautions in an area contaminated by VX to a degree
killing livestock. There is no such ban where a poison gas
is injected into the body of an animal outside a
contaminated area. A further fact worthy of note is that
the worker's teams which buried the dead sheep had no gas
masks on, judging by other videotapes and various
photographs. This is permissible only when the nature of
an agent which has caused the death of animals is known
for certain. Furthermore, it is necessary to note that the
agent used was completely harmless to humans. This detail,
like the others cited above, indicates that the sheep in
Skull Valley were killed by something other than nerve
gas. The death of livestock so far away from the testing
ground, as in the case of Skull Valley, could only be
caused by a biological agent. Experts could establish
without difficulty that nine litres of biological agent is
enough to generate a pathogenic aerosol cloud five km
long, two km deep and 100 m high. One litre of aerosol
cloud could contain several hundred units of pathogen.
Such a cloud can sail many dozens of kilometres without
losing its casualty effects. Consideration of the death
rate of biological agents during the drift of aerosol
particles in the atmosphere makes no difference as far as
the main conclusion is concerned. Poison gas tests
according to regulations in force at Dugway are generally
conducted in the morning to ensure that enough daylight
remains for collecting data on the results of tests and
cleaning the test site. The dissemination of VX on March
13, 1968, is alleged to have been carried out one hour
before sunset. Evening experiments are particularly
typical in the case of biological agents, for researchers
are careful to preclude the disastrous impact of sunrays
on pathogens. The year 1968, when the Skull Valley
accident occurred, has gone down in history as the peak of
U.S. chemical warfare in Vietnam, Laos and Kampuchea. In
thelate 1960s, the Pentagon worked at a frantic pace to
develop new chemical and germ weapons. A report by the
House Committee on Science and Astronautics said that in
the years preceding the accident, the Pentagon had been
engaged in a vast programme for germ weapon testing. The
tests were conducted at several military testing grounds,
on ocean islands, in the Panama Canal zone, Alaska, New
York City and San Diego as well as on airfields, in
subways and on highways. The Dugway test made on March 13,
1968, or somewhat earlier could be one of those tests. It
is reasonable to suppose that during that test use was
made of biological agents based on a virus selectively
killing sheep without doing any harm to humans. It could
be visna, a virus which has been intensively studied since
the late 1950s in several research centres, including Fort
Dettrick, Maryland, then the main U.S. centre for the
development of germ weapons. No visna-caused diseases have
been recorded among humans. This virus hardly affects
cattle, horses or other animals. Its properties in this
respect coincide entirely with those of the agent
responsible for the Skull Valley accident in 1968. Visna
affects the central nervous system of sheep, robbing their
body of immunity. The symptoms are progressive weakness,
shortness of breath, a wobbly gait, sagging withers and a
drooping head. The end affect is paresis and paralysis of
the skeletal muscles and then death. Similar symptoms were
registered in sheep affected with the Skull Valley
disease. The disease caused by visna is incurable. This
explains why the epidemiological service of Utah did the
right thing by deciding to slaughter the diseased sheep.
No antidotes could have helped the animals in the least
and were not used, either. If during the March 1968 tests
at Dugway visna was used as a simultant modelling the
properties of germ weapons, it is clear why the men who
buried the dead sheep used no gas masks or protective
clothes, since visna is harmless to man. And this invites
another conclusion: at that time, the nature of the agent
which affected the sheep was known to at least a small
group of people in charge of removing the effects of the
accident. The establishment of investigation committees
was merely designed to conceal the real objectives and
tasks of the Dugway experiments from the public. The
mystery of those criminal experiments has begun to come to
light in recent years. Competent scientists consider that
visna was used in the United States for genetic
engineering work which resulted in creating HIV, a
chimeric virus causing an incurable infectious disease of
man known as AIDS. Research into HIV at the molecular
level has shown that 60 per cent of its genome is
identical with that of visna and the rest is a built-in
nucleotide sequence isolated from the genome of another
retrovirus, HLTV-I. HIV, or the pathogen of AIDS, was
designed in U.S. genetic engineering laboratories on
instruction from the Pentagon. The purpose of this virus
is to augment the U.S. germ (biological) warfare potential
by acquiring a capability for depriving an enemy
population of vitally important immunity at the threshold
of a major or local armed conflict. The conclusion about
the complicity of the U.S. military authorities in the
appearance of AIDS, the new dangerous disease which
affects humans, is shared by John Seale of Britain, Jacob
Segal of Germany, Robert Strecker of the United States and
other noted scientists and experts who have carefully
analysed available scientific data. [See New Dawn Vol.2,
No.1] For the time being, they have discounted the events
and facts connected with the Skull Valley accident.
Nevertheless, they have come to the unanimous conclusion
that in designing HIV visna was made use of. Dr. Seale has
said that a scientist who wanted to evolve a virus capable
of destroying man's immunity system and provoking a
disease similar to AIDS would have to resort to visna.
The "patent" for inventing HIV should be issued to the
United States because it was there that the virus was
developed and also because Americans were the first
victims of AIDS. The disease, which broke out in New York,
was carried to other big cities in the United States and
then to other countries and continents. Its virus was
transmitted by infected Americans serving at overseas
military bases. Besides, AIDS was contracted in the United
States by Australian and European tourists vacationing
there. HIV spread to Middle East and other Arab countries
which imported blood from donors stricken with AIDS. In
October 1986, John Seale quoted during an interview with
the Guardian an extract from a report prepared by the
Pentagon in 1969. It said that in the next five to ten
years an infective micro-organism might be evolved that
would differ substantially from all pathogens known so
far. Its most important property, the report said, would
consist in attacking the immune system and internal organs
on which the ability of the human body to resist
infectious diseases depends. Consequently, the AIDS
pathogen was deliberately created and development was
planned and funded. The test at Dugway which killed so
many sheep in Skull Valley turned out to be part of the
Pentagon's programme for designing a new biological agent,
the AIDS pathogen.**</p>
<p>======================================================================</p>
<p>AIDS: As Biological &amp; Psychological Warfare</p>
<p>By WAVES FOREST</p>
<p>It is hard to imagine that a cure for AIDS would be withheld for
economic reasons alone. Could there be some other motive?</p>
<p> Despite repeated denials from Defense Department
officials, allegations persist that AIDS is a genetically
altered virus, which has been deliberately released to
wipe out homosexuals and/or non-whites in the U.S. and
reduce populations in Third World countries. At first
glance it seems like the epitome of paranoia to accuse the
military of conspiring to exterminate citizens of their
own country, and even some of their own troops. However,
the vast majority of military personnel could be
completely unaware of such a plot in their midst, while a
relative handful of traitors in key positions could
conduct it under cover of classified operations. And the
circumstantial evidence is actually quite compelling, that
the AIDS virus was artificially engineered, and planted in
several different locations at about the same time through
vaccination programs, and possibly blood bank
contamination. At a House Appropriations hearing in 1969,
the Defense Department's Biological Warfare (BW) division
requested funds to develop through gene-splicing a new
disease that would both resist and break down a victim's
immune system. "Within the next 5 to 10 years it would
probably be possible to make a new infective
micro-organism which would differ in certain important
respects from any known disease-causing organisms. Most
important of these is that it might be refractory to the
immunological and therapeutic processes upon which we
depend to maintain our relative freedom from infectious
disease." (See A Higher Form of Killing: The Secret Story
of Chemical and Biological Warfare by R. Harris and J.
Paxman, p.266, Hill and Wang, pubs.) The funds were
approved. AIDS appeared within the requested time frame,
and has the exact characteristics specified. In 1972, the
World Health Organisation published a similar proposal:
"An attempt should be made to ascertain whether viruses
can in fact exert selective effects on immune function,
e.g. by... affecting T cell function as opposed to B cell
function. The possibility should also be looked into that
the immune response to the virus itself may be impaired if
the infecting virus damages more or less selectively the
cells responding to the viral antigens." (Bulletin of the
W.H.O., vol. 47, p.257-274.) This is a clinical
description of the function of the AIDS virus. The
incidence of AIDS infections in Africa coincides exactly
with the locations of the massive W.H.O. smallpox
vaccination program in the mid-1970's (London Times, May
11, 1987). Some 14,000 Haitians then on UN secondment to
Central Africa were also vaccinated in this campaign.
Personnel actually conducting the vaccinations may have
been completely unaware that the vaccine was anything
other than what they were told. A striking feature of
AIDS is that it is ethno-selective. The rate of infection
is twice as high among Blacks, Latinos and Native
Americans as among whites, with death coming two to three
times as swiftly. And over 80% of the children with AIDS
and 90% of infants born with it are among these
minorities. "Ethnic weapons" that would strike certain
racial groups more heavily than others have been a
longstanding U.S. Army BW objective. (Harris and Paxman,
p.265) Under the current U.S. administration biological
warfare research spending has increased 500 percent,
primarily in the area of genetic engineering of new
disease organisms. The "discovery" of the AIDS virus
(HTLV3) was announced by Dr. Robert Gallo at the National
Cancer Institute, which is on the grounds of Fort Detrick,
Maryland, a primary U.S. Army biological warfare research
facility. Actually, the AIDS virus looks and acts much
more like a cross between a bovine leukemia virus and a
sheep visna (brain-rot) virus, cultured in a human cell
culture, than any virus of the HTLV3 group. The closest
thing in this case to a "smoking test tube" so far is the
AIDS virus itself. If it was possible for such a
monstrosity to occur naturally it would have done so ages
ago and decimated mankind at that time. Some other life
form would presently be in control of this planet
(assuming that is not already the case). The Hepatitis B
vaccine study in 1978 appears to have been the initial
means of planting the infection in New York City. The test
protocol specified non-monogamous males only, and
homosexuals received a different vaccine from
heterosexuals. At least 25-50% of the first reported New
York AIDS cases in 1981 had received the Hepatitis B test
vaccine in 1978. By 1984, 64% of the vaccine recipients
had AIDS, and the figures on the current infection rate
for the participants of that study are held by the U.S.
State Department of Justice, and "unavailable." The AIDS
epidemic emerged full-blown in the three U.S. cities with
"organised gay communities" before being reported
elsewhere, including Haiti or Africa, so it is
epidemiologically impossible for either of those countries
to be the origin point for the U.S. infections. Another
indication AIDS had multiple origin points is that the
14-month doubling time of the disease cannot nearly
account for the current number of cases if we assume only
a small number of initial infections starting in the late
1970s. Before dismissing the possibility that a U.S. Army
BW facility would participate in genocide, bear in mind
that hundreds of top Nazis were imported into key
positions in the U.S. military-intelligence establishment
following WWII. U.S. military priorities were then
reorientated from defeating Nazis to "defeating" communism
at any cost, and strengthening military control of
economic and foreign policy decisions. (See Project
Paperclip by Clarence Lasby, Atheneum 214, NY, and Gehlen:
Spy of the Century by E.H. Cookridge, Random House.)
There's no proof those Nazis ever gave up their longterm
goals of conquest and genocide, just because they changed
countries. Fascism was and is an international phenomenon.
It's not as if this was a total reversal of previous U.S.
military policy, however. Hitler claimed to have gotten
his inspiration for the "final solution" from the
extermination of Native Americans in the U.S. For that
matter the first example of germ warfare in the U.S. was
in 1763 when some of the European colonists gave friendly
Indians a number of blankets that had been infected with
smallpox, causing many deaths. One indication of the
actual U.S. military priorities regarding BW was the
importation of the entire Japanese germ warfare unit
(#731) following WW II. These people killed over 3,000
POWs, including many Americans, in a variety of grisly
experiments, yet they were granted complete amnesty and
given American military positions in exchange for sharing
their research findings with their U.S. Army counterparts.
Consider also the callous attitude displayed by top
military officials toward veterans suffering from the
after-effects of exposure to Agent Orange and radiation
from nuclear weapons tests. In fact, since the end of WW
II over 200 experimental BW tests have been conducted on
civilians and military personnel in the U.S. One example
was the test spraying from Sept. 20-26, 1950 of bacillus
globigi and syraceus maracezens over 117 square miles of
the San Francisco area, causing pneumonia-like infections
in many of the residents. The family of one elderly man
who died in the test sued the government, but lost. To
this day, syraceus is a leading cause of death among the
elderly in the San Francisco area. Another case was the
joint Army-CIA BW test in 1955, still classified, in which
an undisclosed bacteria was released in the Tampa Bay
region of Florida, causing a dramatic increase in whooping
cough infections, including twelve deaths. A third example
was the July 7-10, 1966 release of bacteria throughout the
New York subway system, conducted by the U.S. Army's
Special Operations Division. Due to the vast number of
people exposed it would be virtually impossible to
identify, let alone prove, the specific health problems
resulting directly from this test. Despite the loyalty of
the vast majority of U.S. military personnel toward their
country, there are clearly some military officials who
have very different intentions, and they occupy high
enough positions to impose their priorities on military
programs and get away with it, so far. The first detailed
charges regarding AIDS as a BW weapon were published in
the Patriot newspaper in New Delhi, India, on July 4,
1984. It is hard to say where the investigations of this
story in the Indian press might have led, if they had not
been sidetracked by two major domestic disasters shortly
thereafter: the assassination of Indira Gandhi on Oct. 31
and the Bhopal Union Carbide plant "accident" that killed
several thousand and injured over 200,000 on Dec. 3.
Apparently, homosexuals were an initial target in the U.S.
because their sexual practices would help in the rapid
spread of the disease, and because it was correctly
assumed that very few non-homosexual citizens would pay
much attention during the early years of the epidemic.
Also, the stigma of a "homosexual disease" would interfere
with rational analysis and discussion of AIDS. Bear in
mind that homosexuals were among the first to be
exterminated in Nazi Germany, before Jews and other
minorities, so fewer citizens would object. The details
of precisely how the AIDS virus was synthesized, mass
cultured, and spread by incorporating it into vaccination
programs are available but fairly intricate. Evil is hard
to confront, especially on the preposterous scale we have
here. If you acknowledge the presence of those who think
their only hope for survival is to kill off two thirds of
all the other kinds, and their ability to manage it, you
then pretty much have to do something about it.</p>
<p>Abridged from Now What #1.**</p>
<p>======================================================================</p>
<p>Immunex</p>
<p>The North American-based Nation of Islam (NOI) led by Minister
Louis Farrakhan launched an offensive in its battle against the
deadly "man-made" AIDS virus during its recent Saviours' Day
weekend. The following report is courtesy of The Final Call.
From the rostrum of Christ Universal Temple here, the
Honorable Louis Farrakhan announced that the NOI has
acquired exclusive distribution rights to the AIDS
fighting drug Immunex, an oral alpha-interferon treatment
developed in Kenya. "I just got a call from our chief of
staff 3 minutes before I came on the rostrum," Minister
Farrakhan said, regarding the confirmation of the Immunex
agreement that came from Leonard Muhammad in Kenya. "The
Nation of Islam is announcing to you that we have the
exclusive distribution rights of Immunex throughout the
United States of America. "As of this day," he continued,
"Min. Alim will still teach, but he is now the Minister of
Health and Human Services for the Nation of Islam." Dr.
Alim told the cheering audience that the war against AIDS
is being won but total victory will not come "until we
deal with those responsible for making the AIDS virus."
Since the early 1970s under the Nixon administration, he
said, the official policy of this government has been to
commit genocide against non-white people around the earth.
That policy continues under the administration of
President George Bush, he said. Dr. Muhammad and former
Final Call Editor-in-Chief Abdul Wali Muhammad were sent
to Kenya by Minister Farrakhan last year on a fact-finding
tour regarding the drug Kemron. While there, the NOI
representatives learned about Immunex. Both drugs have
shown remarkable effects in relieving AIDS symptoms, but
the drugs have received very little media coverage in the
U.S. "We would like FDA approval," said Min. Farrakhan,
"however we can't wait. We will take any risk, bear any
burden to free our people of a man-made disease designed
to kill us all." The Minister added that the drug will be
offered to all who need it "regardless of race, creed or
colour."**
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<xml><p>
Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
Sponsored by Vangard Sciences
PO BOX 1031
Mesquite, TX 75150</p>
<p> August 16, 1990
AIDSPLOT.ASC</p>
<p> AIDS as a Weapon of War</p>
<p> by Dr. William Campbell Douglas, M.D.</p>
<p> Introduction &amp; Comments by Jim Shults</p>
<p> INTRODUCTION AND COMMENTS</p>
<p> I must admit I am just a little gun shy of doing this
particular article. The reason is pretty obvious. Who in hell is
going to plead guilty to inventing the AIDS virus. Do I think it
was invented? Absolutely and without a doubt.</p>
<p> Firstly, where in hell has it been during the last 5000 years?
Why haven't we had exposure to it sooner, like in the last 50 years?</p>
<p> All of a sudden certain countries and entire continents are
coming down with the AIDS virus and no organization, body, group, or
whatever you care to call it has even a clue to the real source, and
it sure as hell isn't some monkey in Africa, that's for sure.</p>
<p> Over the last twenty years the genetic scientists have been
having a filed day inventing all kinds of new "life." Some have
even been granted patents for their creatures, which are usually
various types of bacteria, etc.</p>
<p> One patent was granted for the invention, or more accurately
put, creation, of a type of bacteria that eats oil, handy for oil
spills I guess. Now do you think for even a second that a virus
like the AIDS virus couldn't be created with all the genetic
engineering that is going on around the world?</p>
<p> There are certain types of bacteria that are living in test
tubes in labs around the world that if released would cause the end
of mankind in less than a year.</p>
<p> The real question is why we allow these bozos to play in labs,
making all kinds of new and artificial life in the first place. It
is going to backfire, in fact the author already feels it has,
through the deliberate release of the HIV (human immunodeficiency
virus); that's what AIDS is really called.</p>
<p> Something extraordinary happened last June (88'), in fact it
was so extraordinary that nothing like it has ever happened before.</p>
<p> The Surgeon General of the United States had mailed to every
mail box and address in the United States a brochure attempting to
explain AIDS, its danger, myths and means of transmission. The</p>
<p> Page 1</p>
<p> absolutely amazing thing about this was that it was done at
all.
Think of this for a minute: the U.S. Government mailed this
information to every address in America. That in itself should tell
all of us something that the media has somehow missed -- that this
is a population-destroying virus.</p>
<p> That really means that we all are in shit city, race fans, and
the Government know it. It is significant that they did the
mailing, and that should be very significant to anyone who knows
how our government works and what kind of very real panic those
who really know are experiencing.</p>
<p> When something like this brochure is made available as it was,
you can be very sure that the boys at the top, including the
scientific folks, are up against something they may not beat before
it has a very real chance of destroying at least half of mankind!</p>
<p> In fact, the fastest time even guessed at, for some kind of
beginning cure for some types of AIDS is at least five years and
that's thought to be impossible by medical people.</p>
<p> The author comes up with a very plausible scenario for how
rapidly AIDS has been distributed. (We are not blaming the
World Health Organization. In the author's scenario he simply
indicates that the WHO was used by others.)</p>
<p> Let's face it, we are in very real trouble. There are several
types of new AIDS viruses and more to be discovered, and who is to
say how the new ones, not yet mutated, will spread -- a sneeze
perhaps?</p>
<p> Our government and others around the world are not telling us
the truth about this stuff in order to protect our poor little dumb
minds. I suspect that if we know the truth, an enormous citizen
effort could be martialed worldwide which would probably shut down
the arms race for the time being.</p>
<p> Again, at the bottom line, we are in big trouble and "they"
know it....Many scientists predict we will lose half the world's
population (including U.S.) by the year 2000.</p>
<p> -- Jim Shults</p>
<p> Page 2</p>
<p> ABOUT THE AUTHOR</p>
<p> William Campbell Douglass, M.D.</p>
<p> Age: 62</p>
<p> Education: BS, University of Rochester, New York;
MD, University of Miami School of
Medicine; Graduate, U.S. Navy School of
Aviation and Space Medicine</p>
<p> Career: U.S. Navy, 7 years -- Flight Surgeon.
In practice for over 25 years. Former
state president, Florida, American
College of Emergency Physicians.
Former Editor of the Journal of the
Sarasota County Medical Society.
Consulting Editor, Health Freedom News.
On Board of Governors of the National
Health Federation. Regular speaker at
the National Health Federation meetings
around the United States. Appears
regularly on radio and television
programs on health.
Doctor of the
Year: National Health Federation, 1985.</p>
<p> Dr. Douglass has studied in England with Dr. Katharina Dalton,
discoverer of the premenstrual syndrome. He was one of the
first doctors in the United States to diagnose and treat PMS.
He opened his PMS Clinic in 1981.</p>
<p> Page 3</p>
<p> AIDS as a Weapon of War</p>
<p> William Campbell Douglass, M.D.</p>
<p> The great powers renounced chemical and biological warfare 20
years ago -- but kept right on experimenting. The germ warfare
experiments on Seventh Day Adventist soldiers,</p>
<p> 1) the Tuskeegee syphilis experiments on prisoners,
2) the San Francisco Bay attack by the U.S. Army using
serratia marcescens bacteria,
3) the New York City subway germ attack
4 and many other experiments on humans, largely unknown to
the victims, continue in the free world.</p>
<p> In Novosybirsk, at the Ivanofsky Institute and other Soviet
centers of biological warfare, you can be sure that similar
diabolical experiments on humans continue at a frantic pace.</p>
<p> The Soviet press, always masters of the half truth, accused
the U.S. Army of having engineered the AIDS virus in the biological
warfare laboratories at Fort Detrick, Maryland.</p>
<p> This was a clever psy-war ploy which, for a while anyway,
neutralized those of us who were saying essentially the same thing,
that the AIDS virus was probably created through recombinant genetic
engineering (the rearranging of genes between two or more species of
plants or animal) and/or serial passage: the growing of a virus in
a series of generations of tissue culture cells or live animals,
thus adapting the virus to a new species, using human tissue culture
cells in the top security labs at Fort Detrick.</p>
<p> People started accusing us of spreading the communist line, not
a comfortable position for a dedicated anti-communist like myself.</p>
<p> What the Soviet propagandists didn't say was that their agents
had been working in our top security biological warfare laboratories
for over 20 years.</p>
<p> In a burst of brotherly love they were invited in by President
Nixon. The astounded communist scientists from Russia, the Eastern
Bloc and Communist china, who had been trying to penetrate this
vital security area for 40 years, quickly accepted.</p>
<p> They have been snickering in their beakers ever since, while
they prepare for our demise.</p>
<p> "It's no secret that they are there," Dr. Carlton Gajdusek,
Nobel Prize winner, a top official at the Fort Detrick Army
laboratory in Maryland, said in Onmi Magazine (March 1986): "In
the facility I have a building where more good and loyal communist
scientists from the USSR and mainland China work, with full passkeys
to all the laboratories, than there are American. Even the Army's
infectious disease unit is loaded with foreign workers who are not
always friendly nationals."</p>
<p> This answer to an interview question refers to the high number
of Soviet bloc scientists in this U.S. facility who act as</p>
<p> Page 4</p>
<p> inspectors to ensure that we are not producing bacteriological
weapons in violation of treaties with the Soviets.</p>
<p> You can't put it more plainly than that. Even the Trojans
weren't that stupid: at least they didn't KNOW the Trojan horse
was full of soldiers.</p>
<p> When it became obvious to the Communist press that we were
getting the truth out about who was running things at Fort Detrick,
they completely reversed themselves and said it was all a mistake.
Everything was just fine at Fort Detrick.</p>
<p> To understand the enormity of our betrayal you must know about
the origin of the AIDS virus. The virologists of the world, the
sorcerers who brought us this ghastly plague, have a united front in
denying that the virus was laboratory-made from known, lethal animal
viruses.</p>
<p> The scientific party line is that a monkey in Africa with AIDS
bit a native on the butt. The native then went to town and gave it
to a prostitute who gave it to the local banker who gave it to his
wife and three girlfriends and what!</p>
<p> 50 to 75 million people became infected with AIDS in Africa and
throughout the world. This is an entirely preposterous story, and
it is preposterous because:</p>
<p> 1. The green velvet monkey of Africa doesn't get human AIDS. You
can't reproduce the disease in monkeys even by injecting AIDS
virus directly into them.</p>
<p> 2. After injecting the virus into monkeys, you can't transmit it
to other monkeys, much less to humans.</p>
<p> 3. Genetically, AIDS (HIV-1) is not even close to the monkey form
of immunodeficiency virus.
[Ed. Note: For references on the three items above,
see: Seale, Dr. John J.,
Royal Society of Medicine, Sept. 1987,
Seale, Dr. John J.,
The Origin of AIDS -- International
Conference on AIDS, Cairo, March 1988.]</p>
<p> 4. AIDS started not in the villages but in the cities of Africa,
where there are no wild monkeys.</p>
<p> 5. The doubling time of AIDS infection being about 12 months, one
monkey biting one native and then spreading the disease would
have taken 20 years to reach a million cases. Seventy-five
million Africans became infected practically simultaneously.
At the same time, the disease became rampant in the U.S.,
Haiti and Brazil.</p>
<p> It is obvious that one monkey couldn't have done that (or one
homosexual, either). There had to be some sort of simultaneous
seeding process.</p>
<p> The only worldwide simultaneous seeding going on at the same
time was the smallpox vaccine program of the World Health
Organization (the WHO).
Page 5</p>
<p> The early epidemiology of the AIDS pandemic fits the smallpox
vaccination project of the WHO -- AND NOTHING ELSE -- with the
exception of the U.S., which we will examine subsequently.)</p>
<p> The AIDS virus was created in a laboratory by combining lethal
animal "retroviruses" in human cancer (HeLA) cell cultures. These
viruses have never before caused infection in man.</p>
<p> The "species barrier" has always been nature's way of keeping a
deadly virus from wiping out the entire animal kingdom, including
man. The myxoma virus of rabbits, for example, wiped out the rabbit
population of Europe, but man and other animals were not affected.</p>
<p> The sheep visna virus completely decimated the flocks of
Iceland, but no other animal was affected.</p>
<p> The virologists deny that the AIDS virus, HIV-1, is of animal
origin. I am sure that you see the paradox here. Aren't monkeys
animals?</p>
<p> They are also united in saying that it's not possible for the
virus to have been engineered in a laboratory. If it didn't come
from other animals and it didn't come from a laboratory, and they
now admit privately that the monkey couldn't have done it, then it
must have come out of thin air. That's a theological position and
hence beyond argument. It's certainly not scientific.</p>
<p> These scientists who have created this monstrous problem in
their sorcerer's retrovirology laboratories are constantly caught in
their own lies.</p>
<p> The line goes: "The AIDS virus could not have been engineered
in a laboratory because the technology wasn't available until
recently."</p>
<p> Icelandic scientists combined the sheep visna virus with human
tissue cells over 20 years ago. The technology has been refined in
recent years, but the basic process has been actively used in labs
all over the world for long before the AIDS virus made its dramatic
appearance.</p>
<p> But the scientists hold fast in their denial of culpability.
Professor William Jarrett said, when asked about the possibility of
AIDS arising from animal retroviruses, "That is like someone saying
babies come out of cabbages."5</p>
<p> Dr. Robert Gallo said that people who claim AIDS was
manufactured artificially are "either insane or communists."6</p>
<p> Dr. Luis Montagnier, the discoverer of the AIDS virus, said,
"In 1970 there was not enough knowledge in genetic engineering to
make such a virus starting from already existing viruses."7 (See
Icelandic experiments mentioned above.)</p>
<p> This tower of lies must eventually fall of its own weight.
Then what? Where do we look for a solution? Certainly not from
the people who caused the disaster.</p>
<p> But where? -- the Pentagon? The Pentagon is supporting</p>
<p> Page 6</p>
<p> research on biological warfare in over 100 federal and private
laboratories, including those at many prominent universities.8 Yet,
Neil Levitt, who worked for 17 years at the Army Infectious Disease
Institute, says, "It's a joke...there's no defense against these
kinds of organisms. And if you can't defend against something, then
why are we pouring more and more money in it? There's something
else going on that we don't know about."9</p>
<p> Some joke.</p>
<p> A short virology lesson will help you understand that AIDS is
indeed an animal virus and that it was laboratory-made as a weapon
of biological warfare against the free world.</p>
<p> A basic rule of virology is that if two viruses have the same
shape, design and size, then they are almost certainly the same
virus (a very simple and easy to understand rule).10</p>
<p> For example, this virus:</p>
<p> -----------
|==| ||| |
-----------</p>
<p> ... a virus of bacteria (bugs have diseases, too), doesn't look
anything like this virus:</p>
<p> ___________
/ \
/ ~~~~~~~ \
\ /
\___________/</p>
<p> ... a virus of ticks that's transmitted to pigs, or this virus:</p>
<p> __________
____/ ~~~~ \
/ ______/
\________/</p>
<p> ... which is found in horses.</p>
<p> The AIDS virus, which "couldn't have come from animal
viruses" is almost certainly a recombinant virus from fusing a
cattle virus, bovine leukemia virus:</p>
<p> =
*
=* *=</p>
<p> =* ++++ *=</p>
<p> =* *=
*
=</p>
<p> Page 7</p>
<p> ...with sheep visna virus:</p>
<p> *
* *</p>
<p> * ==== *</p>
<p> * *
*</p>
<p> You combine the two in human tissue culture cells and you get bovine
visna virus:</p>
<p> =
*
=* *=</p>
<p> =* ==== *=</p>
<p> =* *=
*
=</p>
<p> ... A VIRUS THAT HERETOFORE DID NOT EXIST -- a product of man,
engineered in a laboratory.</p>
<p> Now, if you isolate the AIDS virus from an infected human, it
looks like this:</p>
<p> =
*
=* *=</p>
<p> =* ==== *=</p>
<p> =* *=
*
=</p>
<p> It doesn't look like this (the tick virus):</p>
<p> __________
____/ ~~~~ \
/ ______/
\________/</p>
<p> ... or this (the cattle virus):</p>
<p> =
*
=* *=</p>
<p> =* ++++ *=</p>
<p> =* *=
*
=</p>
<p> Page 8</p>
<p> It looks like THIS:</p>
<p> =
*
=* *=</p>
<p> =* ==== *=</p>
<p> =* *=
*
=</p>
<p> ... the recombinant virus from cattle and sheep AND ITS CALLED
AIDS. You don't have to be a genius to understand this. Any
properly instructed 10-year-old can understand it ....</p>
<p> But, some alert reader will say, we don't give smallpox
vaccinations in the U.S., so how do you explain the simultaneous
outbreak of AIDS in Africa, Brazil and Haiti, where they did indeed
give the vaccine, and in the U.S., where they didn't give the
vaccine?</p>
<p> Simple. The homosexual community was used as a large group of
experimental animals through the hepatitis-B program. It didn't
take many infected homosexuals among the I.V. drug users to quickly
spread the disease among a large percentage of the addicts due to
the near certainly of infection through direct intravenous insertion
of the virus.</p>
<p> To understand the seeding of AIDS among homosexuals (and
eventually to the rest of us through bisexuals unless drastic action
is taken), you must know about a character with the strange name of
Wolf Szmuness. His life story will seem bizarre to you unless, like
me, you have a conspiratorial turn of mind.</p>
<p> Dr. Szmuness was a Polish Jew who supposedly ended up in a
Siberian labor camp during World War II. But after the war he
somehow became a privileged person, was sent to medical school in
Tomsk, Russia, and married a Russian woman. Hardly typical
treatment of an enemy of the Soviet state [under Stalin.</p>
<p> Szmuness' biographer said that Wolf was always reluctant to
discuss "those dark years in Siberia." Maybe he wasn't in Siberia.
If he [actually] was, he certainly wasn't shoveling salt.</p>
<p> In 1959 the Soviet government "allowed" him to practice in
Poland in a public health capacity. Standard policy in all
Communist countries is never to allow all members of a family to
travel out of the country to the West at the same time.</p>
<p> This eliminates 98 percent of all defection attempts. I have
physician friends in Hungary, for example. He can go to a meeting
anywhere in the world if she stays home. She can go if he stays
home. They can both go if the children are left at home. But in
1969, the entire Szmuness family was allowed by communist Poland to
go to a medical meeting in Italy. At that time they "defected" and
moved to New York City.</p>
<p> WITH NO AMERICAN CREDENTIALS WHATSOEVER, he immediately got a</p>
<p> Page 9</p>
<p> job as a "lab technician" at the New York City Blood Center. Within
a very few years this Polish immigrant was GIVEN HIS OWN LAB, a
separate department of epidemiology was created for him at the blood
bank and he, like the chrysalis turning into a butterfly, changed
into a FULL PROFESSOR OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AT THE COLUMBIA MEDICAL
SCHOOL!</p>
<p> In six years this "lab tech" became a full professor AND THEN
WENT BACK TO MOSCOW for a scientific presentation and was received
as a dignitary, not a defector.</p>
<p> We tell you this amazing story because in retrospect it is
obvious that Wolf Szmuness was a carefully groomed ... agent,
planted here after years of preparation, to instigate biological
warfare against the American people.</p>
<p> Szmuness, with the full cooperation and financial support of
the U.S. Center for Disease Control and the National Institutes of
Health,11 masterminded the hepatitis-B vaccine experimental program
used on homosexual men.</p>
<p> He insisted that only young, promiscuous homosexuals be allowed
to participate in the experiment. The experiment started in New
York at the blood bank in November 1978.</p>
<p> THE EXPERIMENTAL VACCINE WAS PRODUCED in a government
supervised laboratory.12 The study was completed in October 1979.
Within 10 years, most of these young men would be dead or dying from
AIDS.</p>
<p> In 1980 the program was expanded to major cities all across the
U.S. In the fall of 1980 the first AIDS case was reported in San
Francisco. Eight years later most of the homosexuals in San
Francisco are infected, dead or dying.</p>
<p> Szmuness did not live to see the fruition of this larger
experiment. He died of cancer in 1982.</p>
<p> In 1986 Dr. Cladd Stevens, one of Szmuness's collaborators,
penned an astonishing report that did not make your local newspaper.</p>
<p> She reported that the majority of the homosexuals in the
experimental program were infected with the AIDS virus.13 The AIDS-
laced vaccine, through the bridge of bisexual men, now infects as
many as three million Americans. Mission accomplished.</p>
<p> AIDS was not the first germ warfare attack against Americans.</p>
<p> In the early '60s, millions of unsuspecting Americans took
either Salk injected polio vaccine or the live Sabin polio vaccine,
which was taken by mouth.</p>
<p> BOTH WERE LACED WITH S.V.-40, A CANCER-CAUSING MONKEY VIRUS.14</p>
<p> With an incubation period of 20 years, we are only now seeing
the grim results of this bio-attack against Americans, largely in
the form of brain tumors and leukemia.</p>
<p> Page 10</p>
<p> Salk didn't like the Sabin vaccine and Sabin didn't like the
Salk vaccine. I think they are both right. It is interesting to
note that polio was rapidly disappearing WITHOUT a vaccine (J. Trop.
Pediat, env. Child. Health 21, 11) ....</p>
<p> Our Soviet enemies not only instigated the AIDS epidemic
through clandestine agents within our government, but they now
control, through the World Health Organization, the AIDS policies of
the free world.</p>
<p> You are probably not aware that the international AIDS
prevention program of the World Health Organization (WHO) is run by
the Soviets.</p>
<p> You don't believe it? Call WHO and ask them who is in charge
in Europe. If you want to save your nickel I'll tell you. He's a
Russian named Bysencho and he operates out of Copenhagen....</p>
<p> The Soviets control the response to AIDS of the entire free
world at many levels, including the top. Dr. Sergei Litvinov,
the coordinator of all task forces on AIDS at the WHO, is a high
official in the Soviet Ministry of Health. Allegedly Litvinov
gave out the order to our scientists and medical organizations in
the western world not to discuss the real cause of the epidemic.</p>
<p> At a secret meeting (information supplied the author from a
confidential source) between the editors of Lancet, the highly
respected British medical publication, and a group of the leading
retrovirologists of the world, it was decided not to publish any
academic discussion about the possible artificial creation of the
AIDS virus in a laboratory.</p>
<p> They particularly agreed not to make any mention of world-
renowned biologist Isaac Farlane Bernet's published remarks that
molecular biology may get out of hand like atomic physics and be
used for evil purposes and "practical applications of molecular
biology to cancer research might be sinister."</p>
<p> Other medical journals such as Science and JAMA have
lockstepped with Lancet and put all references to the man-made
origins of AIDS down the memory hole.</p>
<p> Did Comrade Litvinov have a little talk with the
retrovirologists? They, of course, wouldn't need any encouragement
from the Soviet [WHO] bosses to attempt a little coverup of their
own heinous crime, but Lancet, the British Medical Journal, and the
New England Journal of Medicine are another matter.</p>
<p> It took some powerful and sinister forces indeed to get these
respected publications to cover up the crime of the millennium.</p>
<p> The notable exception to this appalling censorship of mass
murder is Professor Harding Rains, Editor of the Journal of the
Royal Society of Medicine. Rains refers to "a conspiracy of
silence" covering the allegation that AIDS was man-made. I hope
Dr. Rains is watching his backside.</p>
<p> Dr. Zhores Medvedev, unlike Bysencho and Litvinov, supposedly
is a Russian exile. Medvedev operates out of London at the National</p>
<p> Page 11</p>
<p> Institute for Medical Research. He's a senior research scientist
who continues to communicate freely with his supposed enemies in the
Soviet biowarfare laboratories, but we lack the space to catalog all
the details [here].</p>
<p> Medvedev is spreading the disinformation that AIDS is rampant
in Russia due to the escape of the virus from a laboratory, a sort
of biological Chernobyl.</p>
<p> This tends to divert suspicion away from Litvinov, Szmuness and
the other reds that President Nixon allowed to penetrate our
biological warfare laboratories at Fort Detrick, Maryland.</p>
<p> Having the Soviets "control" the spread of AIDS in the West has
let to some interesting paradoxes. Our masters in the U.S. tell us
that there shall be absolutely no restrictions on travel between
various parts of the non-Communist world by persons who test
positive for AIDS.</p>
<p> Surgeon General C.E. Koop supports this Soviet policy of
biological suicide. (Are those the instructions he received when he
made his trip to Moscow, where the WHO has set up its main AIDS
research center?)</p>
<p> But, our Soviet masters in the WHO tell us, this open policy of
international travel does not apply to the communist bloc of
nations. If you or I were to visit Moscow and tested positive for
the AIDS virus, POW! -- out on the next plane!</p>
<p> If they stay clean through their immigration policies and we
die because of the immigration policies imposed on us through the
U.N.-controlled World "Health" Organization, who needs atomic bombs
for world conquest?</p>
<p> Cuba, Dr. John Seale informs me, has a strict asylum system for
the AIDS-infected. When their troops come back from "liberating"
Africans, they are tested as they get off the boat.</p>
<p> If tested positive the soldier goes directly to hell --
euphemistically called a sanitarium. He can visit his family
occasionally, but only in the presence of a commissar called a
"health official (no hanky-panky).</p>
<p> Unless the West gets its act together and closes down the U.N.
genocide division called the WHO, freedom and decency will disappear
from planet Earth for a thousand years. But the problem goes much
deeper.</p>
<p> How do you close down the U.S. government laboratories such as
the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the National Institute of
Health (NIH) and the Fort Detrick bio-warfare lab when the
perpetrators of the crime are in control at all levels?</p>
<p> I don't know the answer. *****</p>
<p> _________________________</p>
<p> Page 12</p>
<p> 1 Project Whitecoat, to be published in Health Freedom News,
P.O. Box 688, Monrovia CA 91016/Subscription $20.00 per year.</p>
<p> 2 Bad Blood, J.H. Jones, MacMillan, NY, 1982.</p>
<p> 3 Common Cause Magazine, Jan./Feb. 1988.</p>
<p> 4 First aids Report, March/April 1988.</p>
<p> 5 Private communication, John Seale, M.D., 1988</p>
<p> 6 Ibid.</p>
<p> 7 First International Conference on the Global Impact of aids,
London, March 8-10, 1988.</p>
<p> 8 New Scientist, London, 5/19/88.</p>
<p> 9 Science News, 133:100, 2/13/88.</p>
<p> 10 Joklik, Virology, 2nd edition, pp. 36 ff.</p>
<p> 11 AIDS and the Doctors of Death, Cantwell, Aries Rising Press,
Los Angeles,p.76.</p>
<p> 12 Ibid.</p>
<p> 13 Ibid.
14 Salk/Sabin s.v.-40 Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci., vol. 77, #8,
p. 4861, and Atlantic Monthly, 2/76.</p>
<p> --------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> If you have comments or other information relating to such topics as
this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the Vangard
Sciences address as listed on the first page. Thank you for your
consideration, interest and support.</p>
<p> Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson
Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
--------------------------------------------------------------------
If we can be of service, you may contact
Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 484-3189
--------------------------------------------------------------------
</xml>

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<xml><p>Title : AIDS: The Facts</p>
<p>Source : American Red Cross</p>
<p> AIDS:
Spread Facts
Not Fear</p>
<p>What Is AIDS?</p>
<p>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a serious condition that affects
the body's ability to fight infection. A disgnosis of AIDS is made when a
person develops a life-threatening illness not usually found in a person with a
normal ability to fight infection. The two diseases most often found in AIDS
patients are a lung infection called Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and a rare
form of cancer called Kaposi's sarcoma. It is these diseases, not the AIDS
virus itself, that can lead to death. To date, more than 50 percent of the
persons with AIDS have died.</p>
<p>What Causes AIDS?</p>
<p>Researchers have discovered the cause of AIDS - a virus that is called either
HTLV-III or LAV. This virus changes the structure of the cell it attacks.
Infection with the virus can lead to AIDS or to a less severe condition known
as AIDS-related complex (ARC). Some of those persons infected with the virus
will develop symptoms of AIDS or ARC. Other people who carry the virus may
remain in apparent good health. These carriers can transmit the virus during
sexual contact, or an infected mother can transmit the virus to her infant
before, during, or after birth (probably through breast milk).</p>
<p>Who Gets AIDS?</p>
<p>Since 1981, the Centers for Disease Control has been collecting information
on AIDS. Approximately 95 percent of the persons with AIDS belong to one of the
following groups:</p>
<p>* Sexually active homosexual or bisexual men (73 percent)</p>
<p>* Present or past abusers of intravenous drugs (17 percent)</p>
<p>* Patients who have had transfusions with blood or blood products (2 percent)</p>
<p>* Persons with hemophilia or other coagulation disorders (1 percent)</p>
<p>* Heterosexuals who have had sexual contact with someone with AIDS, or at risk
for AIDS (1 percent)</p>
<p>* Infants born to infected mothers (1 percent)</p>
<p>Approximately 5 percent of persons with AIDS do not fall into any of these
groups, but researchers believe that they came in contact with the virus in
similar ways. Some died before complete histories could be taken, while others
refused to provide any personal information.</p>
<p>What Are the Symptoms?</p>
<p>Most individuals infected with the AIDS virus have no symptoms and feel well.
Some develop symptoms that may include -</p>
<p>* Fever, including "night sweats."</p>
<p>* Weight loss for no apparent reason.</p>
<p>* Swollen lymph glands in the neck, underarm, or groin area.</p>
<p>* Fatigue or tiredness.</p>
<p>* Diarrhea.</p>
<p>* White spots or unusual blemishes in the mouth.</p>
<p>These symptoms are also symptoms of many other illnesses. They may be symptoms
of AIDS if they are unexplained by other illness. Anyone with these symptoms
for more than two weeks should see a doctor.</p>
<p>How is the AIDS Virus Spread?</p>
<p>The AIDS virus is spread by sexual contact, needle sharing, or rarely through
transfused blood or its components. Multiple sexual partners, either homosexual
or heterosexual, and sharing needles by drug users increase the risk of
infection with the virus.</p>
<p>Is the AIDS Virus Spread Through Casual Contact?</p>
<p>No. Casual contact with AIDS patients or people who carry the virus does NOT
place others at risk for getting AIDS. The AIDS virus is NOT spread by-</p>
<p>* Casual contact, such as hugging or hand shaking with an AIDS patient or a
person carrying the virus.</p>
<p>* Use of bathroom facilities, such as toilets, sinks, or bathtubs. Use of
swimming pools.</p>
<p>* Sneezing, coughing, or spitting.</p>
<p>* Dishes, utensils, or food handled by a person with AIDS.</p>
<p>The AIDS virus is not spread through normal daily contact at work, in school,
or at home. No cases have been found where the virus has been transmitted by
casual contact with AIDS patients in the home, workplace, or health care
setting. This statement is based in part, on studies of more than 300
households where people with AIDS were present. Not a single case of AIDS or
transmission of the virus was found except from sexual contacts or from
infected mothers to their infants. Many of those tested were children who had
shared bottles, beds, toothbrushes, and eating utensils with infected brothers
and sisters.</p>
<p>Is There a Test for AIDS?</p>
<p>There is an AIDS virus antibody test that detects antibodies to the AIDS virus
that causes the disease. The body produces antibodies that try to get rid of
bacteria, viruses, or anything else that is not supposed to be in the blood
stream. The test tells if someone has been infected with the AIDS virus. Most
people with AIDS have a positive test and some people with a positive test
will develop AIDS. The test does not tell who will develop AIDS.</p>
<p>What Does a Positive Test Mean?</p>
<p>It means that a person has been infected with the AIDS virus. It is estimated
that more than one million Americans have been infected by the AIDS virus. Some
of these people will develop AIDS. Others who have the virus may stay well,
without any symptoms, but can transmit the virus to others.</p>
<p>Why Do We Have a Test?</p>
<p>The test was first used in blood donation centers to prevent the AIDS virus
from getting into the blood supply. We have always used tests to make the
blood supply as safe as possible. For example, all blood is tested for the
hepatitis B virus. This is to make sure that the person does not get hepatitis
B.</p>
<p>Is the Blood Supply Safe?</p>
<p>YES. The blood supply is well protected from the AIDS virus. People who may be
at risk of having AIDS are told that they should not donate blood. For example,
men who have had sex with another male since 1977 are told not to donate blood.
Also, the test is used to screen all donated blood and plasma for signs of the
virus that causes AIDS.</p>
<p>Can I Get AIDS by Donating Blood?</p>
<p>NO. All of the needles, syringes, tubing, and containers used by blood donation
centers are sterile and are used only once and thrown away, so there is no
chance of infection.</p>
<p>Is the Test Available to the Public?</p>
<p>YES. The test is available at a variety of test sites in most states. It is
also available through private doctors and clinics. Information about where to
get the test is available from state or local health departments, sexually
transmitted disease clinics, doctor's offices, and community blood services.
Anyone planning to take the test should get advice before the test and
understand what the results may indicate. It is important to have counseling
after the test.</p>
<p>How Can I Protect Myself From AIDS?</p>
<p>* Do not have sexual contact with AIDS patients, with members of the risk
groups, or with people who test positive for the AIDS virus. If you do, use
a condom and avoid sexual practices such as anal intercourse that may injure
tissue.</p>
<p>* Do not use IV drugs. If you do, do not share needles. Do not have sex with
people who use IV drugs.</p>
<p>* Women who are sex partners of risk group members or who use IV drugs should
consider the risk to their babies before pregnancy. These women should have
an HTLV-III antibody test before they become pregnant. If the become pregnant
they should have a test during pregnancy.</p>
<p>* Do not have sex with multiple partners, including prostitutes (who may also
be IV drug abusers). The more partners you have, the greater your chances of
contracting AIDS.</p>
<p>What Should I Do if I Have a Positive Test?</p>
<p>* Have a regular medical checkup and get counseling.</p>
<p>* Do not donate blood, sperm, or organs.</p>
<p>* Do not share drugs with others, and avoid exchanging bodily fluids during
sexual activity (a condom should be used). Avoid oral-genital contact and
intimate kissing.</p>
<p>* Do not share toothbrushes. razors, or anything that could be contaminated
with blood.</p>
<p>* Consider postponing pregnancy.</p>
<p>Further information about AIDS can be obtained from your Red Cross chapter,
local or state health department, other community agencies, or the Public
Health Service Hotline. The hotline number is 1-800-342-AIDS. Atlanta Area
callers should dial 329-1290.</p>
<p>______________________________________________________________________________</p>
<p>Developed in cooperation with the Washington Business Group on Health, based
upon Public Health Service/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
pamphlet "Facts About AIDS"</p>
<p>Funding provided by the American Council of Life Insurance and the Health
Insurance Association of America.
______________________________________________________________________________</p>
<p>AIDS-1 Rev. May 1986</p>
<p></xml>

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<p>Source : American Red Cross</p>
<p> AIDS:
Spread Facts
Not Fear</p>
<p> AIDS:
Spread Facts
Not Fear</p>
<p>What Is AIDS?</p>

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<xml><p>
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: AIDS: A U.S.- Made Monster? ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: PREFACE ::
In an extensive article in the Summer-Autumn 1990 issue of "Top Secret", Prof
J. Segal and Dr. L. Segal outline their theory that AIDS is a man-made disease,
originating at Pentagon bacteriological warfare labs at Fort Detrick, Maryland.
Top Secret is the international edition of the German magazine Geheim and is
considered by many to be a sister publication to the American Covert Action
Information Bulletin (CAIB). In fact, Top Secret carries the Naming Names
column, which CAIB is prevented from doing by the American government, and
which names CIA agents in different locations in the world. The article, named
"AIDS: US-Made Monster" and subtitled "AIDS - its Nature and its Origins," is
lengthy, has a lot of professional terminology and is dotted with footnotes.
The following is my humble attempt to encapsulate its highlights. It is
recommended that all interested read the original, which is available at some
bookstores, or can be ordered for $3.50 from:
Top Secret/Geheim Magazine P.O.Box 270324 5000 Koln 1 Germany
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
:: AIDS FACTS ::
"The fatal weakening of the immune system which has given AIDS its name
(Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome)," write the Segals, "has been traced back
to a destruction or a functional failure of the T4-lymphocytes, also called
'helper cells`, which play a regulatory role in the production of antibodies in
the immune system." In the course of the illness, the number of functional T4-
cells is reduced greatly so that new anti-bodies cannot be produced and the
defenseless patient remains exposed to a range of infections that under other
circumstances would have been harmless. Most AIDS patients die from
opportunistic infections rather than from the AIDS virus itself.
The initial infection is characterized by diarrhea, erysipelas and intermittent
fever. An apparent recovery follows after 2-3 weeks, and in many cases the
patient remains without symptoms and functions normally for years. Occasionally
a swelling of the lymph glands, which does not affect the patient's well-being,
can be observed.
After several years, the pre-AIDS stage, known as ARC (Aids- Related Complex)
sets in. This stage includes disorders in the digestive tract, kidneys and
lungs. In most cases it develops into full-blown AIDS in about a year, at which
point opportunistic illnesses occur. Parallel to this syndrome, disorders in
various organ systems occur, the most severe in the brain, the symptoms of
which range from motoric disorders to severe dementia and death.
This set of symptoms, say the Segals, is identical in every detail with the
Visna sickness which occurs in sheep, mainly in Iceland. (Visna means tiredness
in Icelandic). However, the visna virus is not pathogenic for human beings.
The Segals note that despite the fact that AIDS is transmitted only through
sexual intercourse, blood transfusions and non- sterile hypodermic needles, the
infection has spread dramatically. During the first few years after its
discovery, the number of AIDS patients doubled every six months, and is still
doubling every 12 months now though numerous measures have been taken against
it. Based on these figures, it is estimated that in the US, which had 120,000
cases of AIDS at the end of 1988, 900,000 people will have AIDS or will have
died of it by the end of 1991. It is also estimated that the number of people
infected is at least ten times the number of those suffering from an acute case
of AIDS. That in the year 1995 there will be between 10-14 million cases of
AIDS and an additional 100 million people infected, 80 percent of them in the
US, while a possible vaccination will not be available before 1995 by the most
optimistic estimates. Even when such vaccination becomes available, it will not
help those already infected. These and following figures have been reached at
by several different mainstream sources, such as the US Surgeon General and the
Chief of the medical services of the US Army.
Say the Segals: "AIDS does not merely bring certain dangers with it; it is
clearly a programmed catastrophe for the human race, whose magnitude is
comparable only with that of a nuclear war." They later explain what they mean
by "programmed," showing that the virus was produced by humans, namely Dr.
Robert Gallo of the Bethesda Cancer Research Center in Maryland. When
proceeding to prove their claims, the Segals are careful to note that: "We have
given preference to the investigative results of highly renowned laboratories,
whose objective contents cannot be doubted. We must emphasize, in this
connection, that we do not know of any findings that have been published in
professional journals that contradict our hypotheses."
:: DISCOVERING AIDS ::
The first KNOWN cases of AIDS occurred in New York in 1979. The first
DESCRIBED cases were in California in 1979. The virus was isolated in Paris in
May 1983, taken from a French homosexual who had returned home ill from a trip
to the East Coast of the US. One year later, Robert Gallo and his co-workers at
the Bethesda Cancer Research Center published their discovery of the same
virus, which is cytotoxic, i.e poisonous to cells.
Shortly after publishing his discovery, Gallo stated to newspapers that the
virus had developed by a natural process from the Human Adult Leukemia virus,
HTLV-1, which he had previously discovered. However, this claim was not
published in professional publications, and soon after, Alizon and Montagnier,
two researchers of the Pasteur Institute in Paris published charts of HTLV-1
and HIV, showing that the viruses had basically different structures. They also
declared categorically that they knew of no natural process by which one of
these two forms could have evolved into the other.
According to the professional "science" magazine, the fall 1984 annual meeting
of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), was almost
entirely devoted to the question of: to what extent new pathogenic agents could
be produced via human manipulation of genes. According to the Segals, AIDS was
practically the sole topic of discussion.
:: THE AIDS VIRUS ::
The Segals discuss the findings of Gonda et al, who compared the HIV, visna
and other closely-related viruses and found that the visna virus is the most
similar to HIV. The two were, in fact, 60% identical in 1986. According to
findings of the Hahn group, the mutation rate of the HIV virus was about a
million times higher than that of similar viruses, and that on the average a
10% alteration took place every two years. That would mean that in 1984, the
difference between HIV and visna would have been only 30%, in 1982- 20%, 10% in
1980 and zero in 1978. "This means," say the Segals, "that at this time visna
viruses changed into HIV, receiving at the same time the ability to become
parasites in human T4-cells and the high genetic instability that is not known
in other retroviruses. This is also consistent with the fact that the first
cases of AIDS appeared about one year later, in the spring of 1979."
"In his comparison of the genomes of visna and HIV," add the Segals, "Coffin
hit upon a remarkable feature. The env (envelope) area of the HIV genome, which
encodes the envelope proteins which help the virus to attach itself to the host
cell, is about 300 nucleotides longer than the same area in visna. This
behavior suggests that an additional piece has been inserted into the genomes
of the visna virus, a piece that alters the envelope proteins and enables them
to bind themselves to the T4-receptors. BUT THIS SECTION BEHAVES LIKE A
BIOLOGICALLY ALIEN BODY, which does not match the rest of the system
biochemically. (emphasis mine)
The above mentioned work by Gonda et al shows that the HIV virus has a section
of about 300 nucleotides, which does not exist in the visna virus. That length
corresponds with what Coffin described. That section is particularly unstable,
which indicates that it is an alien object. According to the Segals, it
"originates in an HTLV-1 genome, (discovered by Gallo-ED) for the likelihood of
an accidental occurrence in HIV of a genome sequence 60% identical with a
section of the HTLV-1 that is 300 nucleotides in length is zero." Since the
visna virus is incapable of attaching itself to human T4 receptors, it must
have been the transfer of the HTLV-1 genome section which gave visna the
capability to do so. In other words, the addition of HTLV-1 to visna made the
HIV virus. In addition, the high mutation rate of the HIV genome has been
explained by another scientific team, Chandra et al, by the fact that it is "a
combination of two genome parts which are alien to each other BY ARTIFICIAL
MEANS rather than by a natural process of evolution, because this process would
have immediately eliminated, through natural selection, systems that are so
replete with disorders."
"These are the facts of the case," say the Segals. "HIV is essentially a visna
virus which carries an additional protein monomer of HTLV-1 that has an epitope
capable of bonding with T4 receptors. Neither Alizon and Montagnier nor any
other biologist know of any natural mechanism that would make it possible for
the epitope to be transferred from HTLV-1 to the visna virus. For this reason
we can come to only one conclusion: that this gene combination arose by
artificial means, through gene manipulation."
:: THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIV ::
"The construction of a recombinant virus by means of gene manipulation is
extraordinarily expensive, and it requires a large number of highly qualified
personnel, complicated equipment and expensive high security laboratories.
Moreover, the product would have no commercial value. Who, then," ask the
Segals, "would have provided the resources for a type of research that was
aimed solely at the production of a new disease that would be deadly to human
beings?"
The English sociologist Allistair Hay (as well as Paxman et al in "A Higher
Form of Killing"-ED), published a document whose authenticity has been
confirmed by the US Congress, showing that a representative of the Pentagon
requested in 1969 additional funding for biological warfare research. The
intention was to create, within the next ten years, a new virus that would
not be susceptible to the immune system, so that the afflicted patient would
not be able to develop any defense against it. Ten years later, in the spring
of 1979, the first cases of AIDS appeared in New York.
"Thus began a phase of frantic experimentation," say the Segals.
One group was working on trying to cause animal pathogens to adapt themselves
to life in human beings. This was done under the cover of searching for a cure
for cancer. The race was won by Gallo, who described his findings in 1975. A
year later, Gallo described gene manipulations he was conducting. In 1980 he
published his discovery of HTLV.
In the fall of 1977, a P4 (highest security category of laboratory, in which
human pathogens are subjected to genetic manipulations) laboratory was
officially opened in building 550 of Fort Detrick, MD, the Pentagon's main
biological warfare research center. "In an article in 'Der Spiegel`, Prof.
Mollings point out that this type of gene manipulation was still extremely
difficult in 1977. One would have had to have a genius as great as Robert Gallo
for this purpose, note the Segals."
Lo and behold. In a supposed compliance with the international accord banning
the research, production and storage of biological weapons, part of Fort
Detrick was "demilitarized" and the virus section renamed the "Frederick
Cancer Research Facility". It was put under the direction of the Cancer
Research Institute in neighboring Bethesda, whose director was no other than
Robert Gallo. This happened in 1975, the year Gallo discovered HTLV.
Explaining how the virus escaped, the Segals note that in the US, biological
agents are traditionally tested on prisoners who are incarcerated for long
periods, and who are promised freedom if they survive the test. However, the
initial HIV infection symptoms are mild and followed by a seemingly healthy
patient.
"Those who conducted the research must have concluded that the new virus
was...not so virulent that it could be considered for military use, and the
test patients, who had seemingly recovered, were given their freedom. Most of
the patients were professional criminals and New York City, which is
relatively close, offered them a suitable milieu. Moreover, the patients were
exclusively men, many of them having a history of homosexuality and drug abuse,
as is often the case in American prisons. 1111
It is understandable why AIDS broke out precisely in 1979, precisely among men
and among drug users, and precisely in New York City," assert the Segals. They
go on to explain that whereas in cases of infection by means of sexual contact,
incubation periods are two years and more, while in cases of massive infection
via blood transfusions, as must have been the case with prisoners, incubation
periods are shorter than a year. "Thus, if the new virus was ready at the
beginning of 1978 and if the experiments began without too much delay, then
the first cases of full- blown AIDS in 1979 were exactly the result that
could have been expected."
In the next three lengthy chapters, the Segals examine other theories,
"legends" as they call them, of the origins of AIDS. Dissecting each claim,
they show that they have no scientific standing, providing also the findings
of other scientists. They also bring up the arguments of scientists and
popular writers who have been at the task of discounting them as "conspiracy
theorists" and show these writers' shortcomings. Interested readers will have
to read the original article to follow those debates. I will only quote two
more paragraphs:
"We often heard the argument that experiments with human volunteers are part of
a barbaric past, and that they would be impossible in the US today... We wish
to present one single document whose authenticity is beyond doubt. An
investigative commission of the US House of Representatives presented in
October 1986 a final report concerning the Manhattan Project. According to this
document, between 1945 and 1975 at least 695 American citizens were exposed
to dangerous doses of radioactivity. Some of them were prisoners who had
volunteered, but they also included residents of old-age homes, inmates of
insane asylums, handicapped people in nursing homes, and even normal patients
in public hospitals; most of them were subjected to these experiments without
their permission. Thus the 'barbaric past` is not really a thing of the past."
"It is remarkable that most of these experiments were carried out in university
institutes and federal hospitals, all of which are named in the report.
Nonetheless, these facts remained secret until 1984, and even then a
Congressional committee that was equipped with all the necessary
authorization needed two years in order to bring these facts to life. We are
often asked how the work on the AIDS virus could have been kept secret. Now,
experiments performed on a few dozen prisoners in a laboratory that is
subject to military security can be far more easily kept secret than could
be the Manhattan Project."
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Black Crawling Systems @ V0iD Information Archives
( 6 1 7 ) 4 8 2 - 6 3 5 6
</xml>

52
regexConsp/aidsconsp.xml
View File

@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
<xml><p>
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: AIDS: A U.S.- Made Monster? ::
:: AIDS: A U.S.- Made Monster? ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: PREFACE ::
@ -169,10 +169,10 @@ aimed solely at the production of a new disease that would be deadly to human
beings?"
The English sociologist Allistair Hay (as well as Paxman et al in "A Higher
Form of Killing"-ED), published a document whose authenticity has been
Form of Killing"-ED), published a document whose authenticity has been
confirmed by the US Congress, showing that a representative of the Pentagon
requested in 1969 additional funding for biological warfare research. The
intention was to create, within the next ten years, a new virus that would
requested in 1969 additional funding for biological warfare research. The
intention was to create, within the next ten years, a new virus that would
not be susceptible to the immune system, so that the afflicted patient would
not be able to develop any defense against it. Ten years later, in the spring
of 1979, the first cases of AIDS appeared in New York.
@ -186,23 +186,23 @@ year later, Gallo described gene manipulations he was conducting. In 1980 he
published his discovery of HTLV.
In the fall of 1977, a P4 (highest security category of laboratory, in which
human pathogens are subjected to genetic manipulations) laboratory was
officially opened in building 550 of Fort Detrick, MD, the Pentagon's main
biological warfare research center. "In an article in 'Der Spiegel`, Prof.
human pathogens are subjected to genetic manipulations) laboratory was
officially opened in building 550 of Fort Detrick, MD, the Pentagon's main
biological warfare research center. "In an article in 'Der Spiegel`, Prof.
Mollings point out that this type of gene manipulation was still extremely
difficult in 1977. One would have had to have a genius as great as Robert Gallo
for this purpose, note the Segals."
Lo and behold. In a supposed compliance with the international accord banning
Lo and behold. In a supposed compliance with the international accord banning
the research, production and storage of biological weapons, part of Fort
Detrick was "demilitarized" and the virus section renamed the "Frederick
Cancer Research Facility". It was put under the direction of the Cancer
Research Institute in neighboring Bethesda, whose director was no other than
Robert Gallo. This happened in 1975, the year Gallo discovered HTLV.
Research Institute in neighboring Bethesda, whose director was no other than
Robert Gallo. This happened in 1975, the year Gallo discovered HTLV.
Explaining how the virus escaped, the Segals note that in the US, biological
agents are traditionally tested on prisoners who are incarcerated for long
periods, and who are promised freedom if they survive the test. However, the
initial HIV infection symptoms are mild and followed by a seemingly healthy
periods, and who are promised freedom if they survive the test. However, the
initial HIV infection symptoms are mild and followed by a seemingly healthy
patient.
"Those who conducted the research must have concluded that the new virus
@ -223,24 +223,24 @@ beginning of 1978 and if the experiments began without too much delay, then
the first cases of full- blown AIDS in 1979 were exactly the result that
could have been expected."
In the next three lengthy chapters, the Segals examine other theories,
"legends" as they call them, of the origins of AIDS. Dissecting each claim,
they show that they have no scientific standing, providing also the findings
of other scientists. They also bring up the arguments of scientists and
In the next three lengthy chapters, the Segals examine other theories,
"legends" as they call them, of the origins of AIDS. Dissecting each claim,
they show that they have no scientific standing, providing also the findings
of other scientists. They also bring up the arguments of scientists and
popular writers who have been at the task of discounting them as "conspiracy
theorists" and show these writers' shortcomings. Interested readers will have
to read the original article to follow those debates. I will only quote two
more paragraphs:
"We often heard the argument that experiments with human volunteers are part of
a barbaric past, and that they would be impossible in the US today... We wish
to present one single document whose authenticity is beyond doubt. An
investigative commission of the US House of Representatives presented in
a barbaric past, and that they would be impossible in the US today... We wish
to present one single document whose authenticity is beyond doubt. An
investigative commission of the US House of Representatives presented in
October 1986 a final report concerning the Manhattan Project. According to this
document, between 1945 and 1975 at least 695 American citizens were exposed
document, between 1945 and 1975 at least 695 American citizens were exposed
to dangerous doses of radioactivity. Some of them were prisoners who had
volunteered, but they also included residents of old-age homes, inmates of
insane asylums, handicapped people in nursing homes, and even normal patients
volunteered, but they also included residents of old-age homes, inmates of
insane asylums, handicapped people in nursing homes, and even normal patients
in public hospitals; most of them were subjected to these experiments without
their permission. Thus the 'barbaric past` is not really a thing of the past."
@ -256,8 +256,8 @@ be the Manhattan Project."
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Black Crawling Systems @ V0iD Information Archives
Black Crawling Systems @ V0iD Information Archives
( 6 1 7 ) 4 8 2 - 6 3 5 6
( 6 1 7 ) 4 8 2 - 6 3 5 6
</p></xml>

331
regexConsp/air-rail.txt
View File

@ -1,331 +0,0 @@
<xml><p> Info pulled from the Usenet. Air (atmosphere) Railway Systems.</p>
<p> Today and Yesterday
-------------------------</p>
<p>The ultimate responsibility for this thread :-) belongs to George
Medhurst (1759-1827), of England. During a period of a few years
about 1810, he invented three distinct forms of air-propelled
transport. None of them was implemented during his lifetime;
but all of them saw use eventually, reaching their greatest extent
in the reverse order of their original invention.</p>
<p>Medhurst's first method involved moving air through a tube a few
inches in diameter, pushing a capsule along it; this simple idea
was the pneumatic dispatch tube. Next he realized that if the same
system was built much larger, it could carry passengers (or freight
items larger than letters); it was natural to run the vehicle on
tracks, and so this became known since the vehicle would be large
enough to require tracks, this became known as a pneumatic railway.</p>
<p>But would anyone actually want to ride along mile after mile inside
an opaque pipe? Not likely. So he then thought of having only a
piston moving within the pipe, somehow dragging along a vehicle
outside it. He proposed several versions of this idea; in most of
them the vehicle ran on rails, so this became known as an atmospheric
railway (though a distinction between that term and the pneumatic
railway was not always observed). The key feature of all versions
of the system was a longitudinal valve: some sort of flexible flap
running the length of the pipe, which would be held closed by air
pressure except when the piston was actually passing. Medhurst
did try to raise capital to implement this system, but failed.</p>
<p>Now, while the first operable steam locomotive was built about 1804,
steam-powered trains did not see regular use for passengers for some
25 years after that. It was in the 1830's and 1840's that the steam
railway was shown to be practical in both engineering and financial
senses.</p>
<p>But the same technical developments that made possible the practical
steam railway also made the atmospheric railway, if not certainly
practical, at least worth a try. And it offered the prospect of
considerable advantages. Since the trains wouldn't have to carry
their prime mover, they would be lighter; therefore the track could
be built cheaper, and the trains' performance would be better.
The trains wouldn't trail smoke wherever they went (and into the
passenger cars in particular), and they would also be quiet.
And if one section of the route was hilly and required more motive
power, all that were needed would be more or larger pumping stations
along that section; no need to add extra locomotives. In short,
very much the same advantages that electricity gave a few decades
later. (Plus one more: a derailed train would tend to be kept near
the track by the pipe and piston.)</p>
<p>The success of the 1830's railways gave rise to the Railway Mania
of the 1840's, when interest in railway shares reached absurd levels.
In that climate the proposers of atmospheric lines could find the
backing they needed, and four atmospheric lines opened in a period
of about 3 years. In order of opening, these were:</p>
<p> * The Dublin &amp; Kingstown, from Kingstown to Dalkey in Ireland,
1.5 miles long; operated 1844-54.
* The London &amp; Croydon, from Croydon to Forest Hill in London,
England, 5 miles, then extended to New Cross for a total
of 7.5 miles; operated 1846-47.
* The Paris a St-Germain, from Bois de Vezinet to St-Germain
in Paris, France, 1.4 miles long; operated 1847-60.
* The South Devon, from Exeter to Teignmouth in Devonshire,
England, 15 miles, then extended to Newton (now Newton Abbot),
20 miles altogether; operated 1847-48.</p>
<p>I note in passing that while I (as a fan of his) might like Isambard
Kingdom Brunel to have invented the atmospheric system used on the
South Devon, it is wrong to say that he did so. He did choose it
and actively promoted it (well, "actively" is redundant with Brunel).
It was actually developed by Samuel Clegg and Joseph and Jacob Samuda.</p>
<p>Both of the longer, if shorter-lived, English lines used atmospheric
propulsion in both directions of travel, whereas the French and Irish
lines were built on hills and their trains simply returned downhill
by gravity. Since all were single-track lines, the one-way system
simplified the valves needed to let the pistons in and out of the
pipes at their ends (possibly while traveling at speed).</p>
<p>All four lines were converted to ordinary steam railways in the end,
and for the next 130 years the atmospheric system appeared dead.
For one thing, steam locomotive technology had too much of a head
start in development over the atmospheric system; steam railways
might have delays due to engine failure but they never had to shut
down for 6 weeks while a new design of longitudinal valve was
installed along the entire length of the route!</p>
<p>(The valve involved metal and leather parts and a greasy or waxy
sealant "composition". Although stories were told about rats
eating the composition, and this probably did happen sometimes,
it wasn't really a serious thing; the biggest problems in fact
were freezing and deterioration of the leather, and corrosion
of the metal parts.)</p>
<p>Also, the atmospheric system was inflexible, in that if the power
requirements for a section of route were greater than estimated,
very little could be done short of splitting the section and adding
a whole new pumping station. (All the lines used vacuum rather
than positive pressure in the pipes, which limited the pressure
differential to about 0.9 atmosphere in practice; but the valve
designs were marginal anyway and likely wouldn't have stood up
to greater pressures if they could have been used.)</p>
<p>What today might be seen as the most serious disadvantage of all,
the requirement for long interruptions of the motive power at
junctions, was not so noticeable in those days. If the train
didn't have enough speed to coast across the gap, well, the
third-class passengers could always get out and push, or maybe
there would be a horse conveniently at hand. At some stations
a small auxiliary pipe was used to advance the train from the
platform to the start of the main pipe.</p>
<p>There were many other proposals in those days for atmospheric
lines, but in view of these early failures, none of them were
ever built as atmospheric railways. The next atmospheric railway
to open actually appeared in 1990!</p>
<p>While the atmospheric railways were vanishing, the first
pneumatic dispatch tubes were beginning to appear; I'll get
into that later. But from that start, the pneumatic railway
idea began to return also. At first these were designed for
freight. Engineers J. Latimer Clark and T. W. Rammell formed
the Pneumatic Despatch Company, which built a demonstration tube
above ground in Battersea in 1861. This line successfully carried
loads up to 3 tons... and even a few passengers, lying down in
the vehicles in the 30-inch tunnel! The pressure used was up
to 0.025 atmosphere, and speeds up to 40 mph were reached.</p>
<p>The Post Office became interested in the system and had several
tunnels built for it. They were used from 1863 to 1874, though
interrupted for a time by the financial crisis of 1866.</p>
<p>(At this point they decided that the system didn't gain enough time
to be worth the cost, not to mention the risk of a vehicle becoming
stuck in the tube. In the 1920's, when electricity was available,
they returned a driverless trains system, using tunnels of similar
size to the old pneumatic tubes. This is the Post Office "tube"
Railway, which continues in use to this day. Such systems also
exist in Switzerland, which had it first, and in West Germany.)</p>
<p>Meanwhile, while these lines were moving the mail from the streets
of London to tunnels underneath, the first underground railways
were doing the same with passenger traffic. The first section of
the Metropolitan Railway (from Farringdon, now Farringdon Street,
to Paddington station) opened in 1863. It was promptly followed
by extensions, as well as competition in the form of the Metro-
politan District Railway, a subsidiary that got away. (Their
routes in central London today form the London Underground's
Metropolitan, District, Circle, and Hammersmith &amp; City Lines.)</p>
<p>Now there was no thought of operating the Metropolitan with
anything but steam locomotives, despite the line being mostly
in tunnel. Sir John Fowler, who later co-designed the Forth Bridge,
did have the idea of a steam locomotive where the heat from the fire
would be retained in a cylinder of bricks, and therefore the fire
could be put out when traveling in the tunnels. One example of
this design, later called Fowler's Ghost, was tried in 1862.
It was thermodynamically absurd: as C. Hamilton Ellis put it,
"the trouble was that her boiler not only refrained from producing
smoke, it produced very little steam either".</p>
<p>In the end both the Met and the District were worked with condensing
steam locomotives: these emitted smoke as usual, but their exhaust
steam, while running in tunnels, was directed back into the water
tanks and condensed. The tanks were drained at the end of the run
and refilled with cold water.</p>
<p>So people were not only willing to travel in what amounted to an
opaque tube after all, but in one filled with smoke at that!
Why not one *without* smoke? And so the pneumatic railway was
now tried; but it never got past the demonstration stage.</p>
<p>The longest line to carry passengers was opened at the Crystal
Palace in London in 1864. It used a tunnel about 9 by 10 feet,
1800 feet long. The driving fan was 22 feet across, generating
about 0.01 atmosphere of pressure -- the larger the tube, the
lower the pressure you need. The vehicle was a full-size broad
gauge railway car ringed with bristles; it carried 35 passengers.
The trip took 50 seconds, thus averaging about 25 mph. Another,
smaller demonstration line was built at a fair in the US in 1867
by Alfred Ely Beach.</p>
<p>Beach then formed the Beach Pneumatic Transit Company, which
obtained permission to build a freight-carrying pneumatic line
under Broadway in New York. But what he actually opened in 1870
was a passenger-carrying pneumatic subway, the only one to
actually operate under a city street. It was only 312 feet long,
from Warren Street to Murray Street. The tunnel was 9 feet in
diameter, and was worked by a single car with a capacity of
18 passengers.</p>
<p>Beach tried but failed to get permission to extend the line.
It closed after a few months, and New York did not get a subway
again until 1904, when the first Interborough Rapid Transit route
was opened (from City Hall station along the present Lexington
Avenue, 42nd Street shuttle, and 7th Avenue lines to, um, initially
somewhere around 120th Street). This route was electric and so
have been all its successors.</p>
<p>Beach's tunnel had been almost forgotten when the crews
constructing the new subway broke into it in 1912.</p>
<p>In London, a pneumatic underground line was started *with* permission,
but construction was never completed. This was the Waterloo and
Whitehall Railway, which planned to connect Waterloo station to Great
Scotland Yard, 1/2 mile away, with a 12'9" diameter tunnel passing
under the Thames. Considering that the Thames Tunnel project of
Sir Marc Brunel and Isambard Kingdom Brunel -- now now part of
the Underground's East London Line -- had faced massive technical
and financial difficulties before its long-delayed completion only
about 20 years previously, this was no mean undertaking.</p>
<p>The Waterloo &amp; Whitehall was halted by the financial crisis of 1866;
and it was never revived. The tunnel had been started from the
Great Scotland Yard end, and had just reached the river; work on
the underwater section was beginning. There were other proposals
for passenger-carrying pneumatic lines, but none saw construction
in that form. (At least one, under the Mersey at Liverpool, England,
was eventually opened as an ordinary railway.)</p>
<p>The next type of underground line to open in London was the Tower
Subway, which also passed under the Thames. It was a short route,
just under the river, worked by a small cable car. It opened in
1870 and was short-lived. (The tunnel served as a footway for a
while after that, then was taken over for pipes. The Thames Tunnel,
conversely, had been used first as a footway, then converted to
railway use.)</p>
<p>After this time, electric railways began to become practical.
The next underground line to open was the City &amp; South London,
now part of the Underground's Northern Line. Its first section
(from Stockwell to a now disused terminus at King William Street,
replaced by the present Bank station) opened in 1890. It used
the new deep-level tube tunnels, with more limited ventilation
than on the Metropolitan Railway, so steam was out of the question
in any case. The original plan was for cable haulage, but instead
the new electric locomotives were tried and the line has always
been operated electrically. The line was first built with 10'2"
diameter tunnels, forcing use of rather small cars. (The cars
also had only tiny windows, on the grounds that there was nothing
to see -- so they got the nickname of "padded cells".)</p>
<p>All of the later lines in London, opened from 1900 onwards, were
built on the same general pattern as the C&amp;SL, with deep-level
tubes and electric traction -- first by locomotives and then by
multiple-unit trains. The other tube lines vary from 11'6" to
12-foot diameter tunnels, and the C&amp;SL was enlarged in the 1920's
to match. This is still rather small compared to most other
subways in the world, and is the reason for the distinctive
shape of the tube trains.</p>
<p>With the success of the electric lines, the Metropolitan and
District faced the loss of traffic, and they too were converted
to elecricity -- at least for the underground sections in central
London in 1905. The first line of the present New York subway
system opened in 1904 and this, too, has always used electricity.
(This was the original Interborough Rapid Transit route, from City
Hall station along the present Lexington Avenue, 42nd Street shuttle,
and 7th Avenue lines to, um, somewhere around 120th Street). Beach's
tunnel had been almost forgotten when the crews constructing the
new subway broke into it in 1912.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, the humble original concept of the pneumatic dispatch tube
continued to develop. The first of them, 1.5 inches in diameter,
had been built in 1853 by J. Latimer Clark; it connected the
Electrical and [sic] International Telegraph Company's office in
Telegraph Street, London, with their branch 675 feet away at the
Stock Exchange.</p>
<p>The key invention was J. W. Willmott's double sluice valve of 1870,
which allowed rapid dispatching of successive capsules. It was also
possible, as had been done on the pneumatic railways, to use both
positive pressure (on the order of 1 atmosphere) and vacuum, to
drive the capsules both ways from a single pumping station. The
tubes became quite common; many miles were built in various European
and North American cities. By 1886 London had over 34 miles of them
for the Post Office's telegraph service alone. In the Paris system
a person could pay a fee for a message to be sent specifically by
the tube.</p>
<p>They were also used within large buildings, and some survive in
use to this day.</p>
<p>Finally, in 1990, the Brazilian company Sur Coester stunned the
world by opening at a fair in Djakarta, Indonesia, a demonstration
line of their Aeromovel system. This is nothing more nor less
than an elevated atmospheric railway. The structure is concrete,
with steel rails and a rectangular concrete air pipe larger than
those on the 19th century lines. The longitudinal valve is made
of heavy cloth-reinforced rubber. Computerized remote control
is used.</p>
<p>Oh yes.</p>
<p>Pneumatic dispatch tubes were depicted in the 1985 movie "Brazil";
Beach's tunnel was depicted, in rather distorted form, in the 1989
movie "Ghostbusters II"; the modern form of the New York subway
has been depicted in many movies, notably the 1974 one "The Taking
of Pelham One Two Three"; but I don't believe the atmospheric or
pneumatic systems have ever been depicted at work in any movie.
Clearly this needs to be rectified! :-)</p>
<p>References.</p>
<p>Almost all the information in this posting about the pneumatic
and atmospheric systems comes from one book... "Atmospheric
Railways: A Victorian Venture in Silent Speed" by Charles Hadfield,
1967, reprinted 1985 by Alan Sutton Publishing, Gloucester; ISBN
0-86299-204-4.</p>
<p>For other topics, I principally consulted "The Pictorial
Encyclopedia of Railways", 1976 edition, by (C.) Hamilton Ellis,
Hamlyn Publishing; ISBN 0-600-37585-4; some details came from other
books or my memory.</p>
<p>The information about the Djakarta line comes from two postings in
rec.railroad, one last November by Andrew Waugh quoting the November 24
issue of "New Scientist" magazine, and the recent one by Russell Day
citing "Towards 2000".</p>
<p>--
Mark Brader "Great things are not done by those
SoftQuad Inc., Toronto who sit down and count the cost
utzoo!sq!msb, msb@sq.com of every thought and act." -- Daniel Gooch</p>
<p>This article is in the public domain.
</xml>

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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<xml><p> Info pulled from the Usenet. Air (atmosphere) Railway Systems.</p>
<p> Today and Yesterday
-------------------------</p>
<p>Today and Yesterday
-------------------------</p>
<p>The ultimate responsibility for this thread :-) belongs to George
Medhurst (1759-1827), of England. During a period of a few years
@ -57,16 +57,16 @@ In that climate the proposers of atmospheric lines could find the
backing they needed, and four atmospheric lines opened in a period
of about 3 years. In order of opening, these were:</p>
<p> * The Dublin &amp; Kingstown, from Kingstown to Dalkey in Ireland,
1.5 miles long; operated 1844-54.
* The London &amp; Croydon, from Croydon to Forest Hill in London,
England, 5 miles, then extended to New Cross for a total
of 7.5 miles; operated 1846-47.
* The Paris a St-Germain, from Bois de Vezinet to St-Germain
in Paris, France, 1.4 miles long; operated 1847-60.
* The South Devon, from Exeter to Teignmouth in Devonshire,
England, 15 miles, then extended to Newton (now Newton Abbot),
20 miles altogether; operated 1847-48.</p>
<p> * The Dublin &amp; Kingstown, from Kingstown to Dalkey in Ireland,
1.5 miles long; operated 1844-54.
* The London &amp; Croydon, from Croydon to Forest Hill in London,
England, 5 miles, then extended to New Cross for a total
of 7.5 miles; operated 1846-47.
* The Paris a St-Germain, from Bois de Vezinet to St-Germain
in Paris, France, 1.4 miles long; operated 1847-60.
* The South Devon, from Exeter to Teignmouth in Devonshire,
England, 15 miles, then extended to Newton (now Newton Abbot),
20 miles altogether; operated 1847-48.</p>
<p>I note in passing that while I (as a fan of his) might like Isambard
Kingdom Brunel to have invented the atmospheric system used on the
@ -323,9 +323,9 @@ issue of "New Scientist" magazine, and the recent one by Russell Day
citing "Towards 2000".</p>
<p>--
Mark Brader "Great things are not done by those
SoftQuad Inc., Toronto who sit down and count the cost
utzoo!sq!msb, msb@sq.com of every thought and act." -- Daniel Gooch</p>
Mark Brader"Great things are not done by those
SoftQuad Inc., Toronto who sit down and count the cost
utzoo!sq!msb, msb@sq.com of every thought and act." -- Daniel Gooch</p>
<p>This article is in the public domain.
</p></xml>

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<xml><p> -Here's the lowdown on "ALTERNATIVE 3" from a TV-movie compendium.
"ALTERNATIVE 3" (GB 1977; 52m, colour)
Amusing spoof do commentary about the disappearance of various high-IQ
citizens, allegedly to form nucleus of a standby civilization on Mars against
the coming End of the World. Sly parodies of fashionable breathless TV
journalism sweetened the joke, ex- newscaster Tim Brinton held it all
together with po-faced gravity and needless to say some supernature fanatics
refuse to this day to accept that it was anything but gospel truth, although
it was orignally scheduled for April 1st (1977). Written by David Ambrose;
directed by Chris Miles; for Anglia. Apparently the TV-movie was spawned by a
book (or assuming the date is accurate, vice versa) of the same name. Written
by Leslie Watkins, it was published by Sphere Books Ltd. in 1978.</p>
<p>======================================================================</p>
<p>ALTERNATIVE 003
by
Leslie Watkins</p>
<p>with
David Ambrose &amp; Christopher Miles</p>
<p>Section 1</p>
<p>NO NEWSPAPER has yet secured the truth behind the operation known
as ALTERNATIVE 3. Investigations by journalists have been blocked by
governments on both sides of the Iron Curtain. American and Russia are
ruthlessly obsessed with guarding their shared secret and this obsession, as
we can now prove, has made them partners in murder.</p>
<p>However, despite this intensive security, fragments of information have
been made public. Often they are released inadvertently by experts who do
not appreciate their sinister significance and these fragments, in isolation,
mean little. But when jigsawed together they form a definite pattern, a
pattern which appears to emphasize the enormity of this conspiracy of
silence.</p>
<p>On May 3, 1977, the Daily Mirror published this story:</p>
<p>President Jimmy Carter has joined the ranks of UFO spotters. He sent
in two written reports stating he had seen a flying saucer when he was the
Governor of Georgia.</p>
<p>The President has shrugged off the incident since then, perhaps fearing
that electors might be wary of a flying saucer freak.</p>
<p>But he was reported as saying after the "sighting"; "I don't laugh at
people any more when they say they've seen UFOs because I've seen one
myself."</p>
<p>Carter described his UFO like this: "Luminous, not solid, at first bluish,
then reddish. It seemed to move towards us from a distance, stopped, then
moved partially away."</p>
<p>Carter filed two reports on the sighting in 1973, one to the
International UFO Bureau and the other to the National Investigations
Committee on Aerial Phenomena.</p>
<p>Heydon Hewes, who directs the International UFO Bureau from his
home in Oklahoma City, is making speeches praising the President's
"open-mindedness."</p>
<p>But during his presidential campaign last year Carter was cautious. He
admitted he had seen a light in the sky but declined to call it a UFO.</p>
<p>He joked: "I think it was a light beckoning me to run in the California
primary election."</p>
<p>Why this change in Carter's attitude? Because, by then, he had been
briefed on Alternative 3?</p>
<p>A 1966 Gallup Poll showed that five million Americans including several
highly experienced airline pilots claimed to have seen Flying Saucers.
Fighter pilot Thomas Mantell has already died while chasing one over
Kentucky his F.51 aircraft having disintegrated in the violent wash of his
quarry's engines.</p>
<p>The U.S. Air Force, reluctantly bowing to mounting pressure, asked Dr.
Edward Uhler Condon, a professor of astrophysics, to head an investigation
team at Colorado University.</p>
<p>Condon's budget was $500,000. Shortly before his report appeared in
1968, this story appeared in the London Evening Standard:</p>
<p>The Condon study is making headlines, but for all the wrong reasons. It
is losing some of its outstanding members, under circumstances which are
mysterious to say the least. Sinister rumors are circulating. At least four key
people have vanished from the Condon team without offering a satisfactory
reason for their departure.</p>
<p>The complete story behind the strange events in Colorado is hard to
decipher. But a clue, at last may be found in the recent statements of Dr.
James McDonald, the senior physicist at the Institute of Atmospheric
Physics at the University of Arizona and widely respected in his field. In a
wary, but ominous, telephone conversation this week, Dr. McDonald told me
that he is "most distressed." Condon's 1,485-page report denied the
existence of Flying Saucers and a panel of the American National Academy of
Sciences endorsed the conclusion that "further extensive study probably
cannot be justified."</p>
<p>But, curiously, Condon's joint principal investigator, Dr. David Saunders,
had not contributed a word to that report. And on January 11, 1969, the
Daily Telegraph quoted Dr. Saunders as saying of the report:</p>
<p>"It is inconceivable that it can be anything but a cold stew. No matter
how long it is, what it includes, how it is said, or what it recommends, it will
lack the essential element of credibility."</p>
<p>Already there were wide-spread suspicions that the Condon
investigation had been part of an official coverup, that the government knew
the truth but was determined to keep it from the public. We now know that
those suspicions were accurate. And that the secrecy was all because of
Alternative 3.</p>
<p>Only a few months after Dr. Saunders made his "cold stew" statement a
journalist with the Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch embarrassed the National
Aeronautics and Space Agency by photographing a strange craft looking
exactly like a Flying Saucer at the White Sands missile range in New Mexico.</p>
<p>At first no one at NASA would talk about this mysterious circular craft,
15 feet in diameter, which had been left in the "missile graveyard" a section
of the range where most experimental vehicles were eventually dumped.</p>
<p>But the Martin Marietta company of Denver, where it was built,
acknowledged designing several models, some with ten and twelve engines.
And a NASA official, faced with this information, said, "Actually the engineers
used to call it 'The Flying Saucer."</p>
<p>That confirmed a statement made by Dr. Garry Henderson, a leading
space research scientist: "All our astronauts have seen these objects but have
been ordered not to discuss their findings with anyone."</p>
<p>Otto Binder was a member of the NASA space team. He has stated that
NASA "killed" significant segments of conversation between Mission Control
and Apollo 11, the spacecraft which took Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong to
the Moon and that those segments were deleted from the official record:</p>
<p>"Certain sources with their own VHF receiving facilities that by passed
NASA broadcast outlets claim there was a portion of Earth-Moon dialogue
that was quickly cut off by the NASA monitoring staff."</p>
<p>Binder added:</p>
<p>"It was presumably when the two moon walkers, Aldrin and Armstrong,
were making the round some distance from the LEM that Armstrong
clutched Aldrin's arm excitedly and exclaimed 'What was it? What the hell
was it? That's all I want to know.' "</p>
<p>Then, according to Binder, there was this exchange:</p>
<p>MISSION CONTROL: What's there? malfunction(garble).Mission
Control calling Apollo 11.</p>
<p>APOLLO 11: These babies were huge, sir. enormous, Oh, God you
wouldn't believe it!
I'm telling you there are other space-craft out there
lined up on the far side of the crater edge.
They're on the Moon watching us.</p>
<p>NASA, understandably, has never confirmed Binder's story but Buzz
Aldrin was soon complaining bitterly about the Agency having used him as a
"traveling salesman."</p>
<p>And two years after his Moon mission, following reported bouts of heavy
drinking, he was admitted to hospital with "emotional depression."</p>
<p>"Traveling salesman", that's an odd choice of words, isn't it? What, in
Aldrin's view, were the NASA authorities trying to sell? And to whom?
Could it be that they were using him, and others like him, to sell their
official version of the truth to ordinary people right across the world?</p>
<p>Was Aldrin's Moon walk one of those great spectaculars, presented with
maximum publicity, to justify the billions being poured into space research?</p>
<p>Was it part of the American-Russian cover for Alternative 3?</p>
<p>All men who have travelled to the Moon have given indications of
knowing about Alternative 3 and of the reasons which precipitated it.</p>
<p>In May, 1972, James Irwin, officially the sixth man to walk on the
Moon, resigned to become a Baptist missionary. And he said then, "The
flight made me a deeper religious person and more keenly aware of the
fragile nature of our planet."</p>
<p>Edgar Mitchell, who landed on the Moon with the Apollo 14 mission in
February, 1971, also resigned in May, 1972 to devote himself to
parapsychology. Later, at the headquarters of his Institute for noetic
Sciences near San Francisco, he described looking at this world from the
Moon: "I went into a very deep pathos, a kind of anguish. That incredibly
beautiful planet that was Earth, a place no bigger than my thumb was my
home.. a blue and white jewel against a velvet black sky...was being killed
off."</p>
<p>And on March 23, 1974, he was quoted in the Daily Express as saying
that society had only three ways in which to go and that the third was "the
most viable but most difficult alternative."</p>
<p>Another of the Apollo Moon walkers, Bob Grodin, was equally specific
when interviewed by a Sceptre Television reporter on June 20, 1977;</p>
<p>"You think they need all that crap down in Florida just to put two guys
up there on a bicycle? The hell they do! You know why they need us?
So they've got a P.R. story for all that hardware they've been firing into
space.
We're nothing, man! Nothing!"</p>
<p>On July 11, 1977, the Los Angeles Times came near to the heart of
the matter, nearer than any other newspaper, when it published a
remarkable interview with Dr. Gerard O'Neill.</p>
<p>Dr. O'Neill is a Princeton professor who served, during a 1976
sabbatical, as Professor of Aerospace at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and who gets nearly $500,000 each year in research grants from
NASA. Here is a section from that article:</p>
<p>The United Nations, he says, has conservatively estimated that the
world's population, now more than 4 billion people, will grow to about 6.5
billion by the year 2000. Today, he adds, about 30% of the world's
population is in developed nations. But, because most of the projected
population growth will occur in underdeveloped countries, that will drop to
22% by the end of the century. The world of 2000 will be poorer and
hungrier than the world today, he says.</p>
<p>Dr. O'Neill also explained the problems caused by the earth's 4,000 mile
atmospheric layer, but presumably because the article was comparatively
short one, he was not quoted on the additional threat posed by the notorious
"greenhouse" syndrome.</p>
<p>His solution? He called it Island 3. And he added: "There's no debate
about the technology involved in doing it. That's been confirmed by NASA's
top people."</p>
<p>But Dr. O'Neill, a family man with three children who like to fly
sailplanes in his spare time, did not realize that he was slightly off target.
He was right, of course, about the technology.</p>
<p>But he knew nothing of the political ramifications and he would have
been astounded to learn that NASA was feeding his research to the Russians.</p>
<p>Even eminent political specialists, as respected in their sphere as Dr.
O'Neill is in his own, have been puzzled by an undercurrent they have
detected in East-West relationships.</p>
<p>Professor G. Gordon Broadbent, director of the independently financed
Institute of Political Studies in London and author of a major study of
U.S.-Soviet diplomacy since the 1950s, emphasized that fact on June 20,
1977, when he was interviewed on Sceptre Television:</p>
<p>"On the broader issue of Soviet-U.S. relations, I must admit there is an
element of mystery which troubles many people in my field."</p>
<p>He added: "What we're suggesting is that, at the very highest levels of
East-West diplomacy, there has been operating a factor of which we know
nothing. Now it could just be and I stress the word 'could' that this
unknown factor is some kind of massive but covert operation in space. But
as for the reasons behind it we are not in the business of speculation."</p>
<p>Washington's acute discomfort over O'Neill's revelations through the Los
Angeles Times can be assessed by the urgency with which a "suppression"
Bill was rushed to the Statute Book.</p>
<p>On July 27, 1977, only sixteen days after publication of the O'Neill
interview columnist Jeremy Campbell reported in the London Evening
Standard that the Bill would become law that September. He wrote:</p>
<p>It prohibits the publishing of an official report without permission,
arguing that this obstructs the Government's control of its own information.
That was precisely the charge brought against Daniel Ellsberg for giving the
Pentagon papers to the New York Times.</p>
<p>Most ominous of all, the Bill would make it a crime for any present or
former civil servant to tell the Press of Government wrong doing or pass on
any news based on information "submitted to the Government in private."</p>
<p>Campbell pointed out that this final clause "has given serious pain to
guardians of American Press freedom because it creates a brand new crime."
Particularly as there was provision in the Bill for offending journalists to be
sent to prison for up to six years.</p>
<p>We subsequently discovered that a man called Harman Leonard Harman
read that item in the newspaper and that later, in a certain television
executives' dining room, he expressed regret that a similar Law had not been
passed years earlier by the British government.</p>
<p>He was eating treacle tart with custard at the time and he reflected
wistfully that he could then have insisted on such a Law being obeyed. That,
when it came to Alternative 3, would have saved him from a great deal of
trouble.</p>
<p>He had chosen treacle tart, not because he particularly liked it, but
because it was 2p(ence) cheaper than the chocolate sponge. That was
typical of Harman.</p>
<p>He was one of the people, as you may have learned already through the
Press, who tried to interfere with the publication of this book. We will later
be presenting some of the letters received by us from him and his lawyers
together with the replies from our legal advisers.</p>
<p>We decided to print these letters in order to give you a thorough insight
into our investigation for it is important to stress that we, like Professor
Broadbent, are not in the "business of speculation." We are interested only in
the facts.</p>
<p>And it is intriguing to note the pattern of facts relating to astronauts
who have been on Moon missions and who have therefore been exposed to
some of the surprises presented by Alternative 3.</p>
<p>A number, undermined by the strain of being party to such a
horrendous secret, suffered nervous or mental collapses. A high percentage
sought sanctuary in excessive drinking or in extramarital affairs which
destroyed what had been secure and successful marriages.</p>
<p>Yet these were men originally picked from many thousands precisely
because of their stability. Their training and experience, intelligence and
physical fitness all these, of course, were prime considerations in their
selection. But the supremely important quality was their balanced
temperament.</p>
<p>It would need something stupendous, something almost unimaginable
to most people, to flip such men into dramatic personality changes. That
something, we have now established, was Alternative 3 and, perhaps more
particularly, the night marish obscenities involved in the development and
perfection of Alternative 3.</p>
<p>We are not suggesting that the President of the United States has had
personal knowledge of the terror and clinical cruelties which have been an
integral part of the Operation, for that would make him directly responsible
for murders and barbarous mutilations.</p>
<p>We are convinced, in fact, that this is not the case. The President and
the Russian leader, together with their immediate subordinates, have been
concerned only with broad sweep of policy.</p>
<p>They have acted in unison to ensure what they consider to be the best
possible future for mankind. And the day to day details have been delegated
to high level professionals.</p>
<p>These professionals, we have now established, have been classifying
people selected for the Alternative 3 operation into two categories: those
who are picked as individuals and those who merely form part of a "batch
consignment."</p>
<p>There have been several "batch consignments" and it is the treatment
meted out to most of these men and women which provides the greatest
cause for outrage.</p>
<p>No matter how desperate the circumstances may be$and we reluctantly
recognize that they are extremely desperate$no humane society could
tolerate what has been done to the innocent and the gullible.</p>
<p>That view, fortunately, was taken by one man who was recruited into
the Alternative 3 team three years ago. He was, at first, highly enthusiastic
and completely dedicated to the Operation. However, he became revolted by
some of the atrocities involved. He did not consider that, even in the
prevailing circumstances, they could be justified.</p>
<p>Three days after the transmission of that sensational television
documentary, his conscience finally goaded him into action. He knew the
appalling risk he was taking, for he was aware of what had happened to
others who had betrayed the secrets of Alternative 3, but he made telephone
contact with television reporter Colin Benson and offered to provide Benson
with evidence of the most astounding nature.</p>
<p>He was calling, he said, from abroad but he was prepared to travel to
London. They met two days later. And he then explained to Benson that
copies of most orders and memoranda, together with transcripts prepared
from tapes of Policy Committee meetings, were filed in triplicate in
Washington, Moscow and Geneva where Alternative 3 had its operational
headquarters.</p>
<p>The system had been instituted to ensure there was no
misunderstanding between the principal partners. He occasionally had
access to some of that material although it was often weeks or even months
old before he saw it and he was willing to supply what he could to Benson.
He wanted no money. He merely wanted to alert the public, to help stop the
mass atrocities.</p>
<p>Benson's immediate reaction, after he had assessed the value of this
offer, was that Sceptre should mount a follow up programme, one which
would expose the horrors of Alternative 3 in far greater depth.</p>
<p>He argued bitterly with his superiors at Sceptre but they were adamant.
The company was already in serious trouble with the government and there
was some doubt about whether its licence would be renewed. They refused
to consider the possibility of doing another programme. They had officially
disclaimed the Alternative 3 documentary as a hoax and that was where the
matter had to rest.</p>
<p>Anyway, they pointed out, this character who'd come forward was
probably a nut$ If you saw the documentary, you will probably realize that
Benson is a stubborn man. His friends say he is pig obstinate. They also say
he is a first class investigative journalist.</p>
<p>He was angry about this attempt to suppress the truth and that is why
he agreed to co-operate in the preparation of this book. That co-operation
has been invaluable.</p>
<p>Through Benson we met the telephone caller who we now refer to as
Trojan. And that meeting resulted in our acquiring documents, which we
will be presenting, including transcripts of tapes made at the most secret
rendezvous in the world, thirty five fathoms beneath the ice cap of the
Arctic.</p>
<p>For obvious reasons, we cannot reveal the identity of Trojan. Nor can
we give any hint about his function or status in the Operation.</p>
<p>We are completely satisfied, however, that his credentials are authentic
and that, in breaking his oath of silence, he is prompted by the most
honourable of motives.</p>
<p>He stands in relation to the Alternative 3 conspiracy in much the same
position as the anonymous informant "Deep Throat" occupied in the
Watergate affair. Most of the "batch consignments" have been taken from the
area known as the Bermuda Triangle but numerous other locations have also
been used.</p>
<p>On October 6, 1975, the Daily Telegraph gave prominence to this
story: </p>
<p>The disappearance in bizarre circumstances in the past two weeks of
20 people from small coastal communities in Oregon was being intensively
investigated at the weekend amid reports of an imaginative fraud scheme
involving a "flying saucer" and hints of mass murder.</p>
<p>Sheriff's officers at Newport, Oregon, said that the 20 individuals had
vanished without trace after being told to give away all their possessions,
including their children, so that they could be transported in a flying saucer
"by UFO to a better life."</p>
<p>"Deputies under Mr. Ron Sutton, chief criminal investigator in
surrounding Lincoln County, have traced the story back to a meeting on
September 14 in a resort hotel, the Bayshore Inn at Waldport, Oregon$
Local police have received conflicting reports as to what occurred (at the
meeting).</p>
<p>But while it is clear that the speaker did not pretend to be from outer
space, he told the audience how their souls could be "saved through a UFO.</p>
<p>"The hall had been reserved for a fee of $50 by a man and a woman who
gave false names. Mr. Sutton said witnesses had described them as "fortyish,
well groomed, straight types."</p>
<p>The Telegraph said that "selected people would be prepared at a special
camp in Colorado for life on another planet" and quoted Investigator Sutton
as adding:</p>
<p>"They were told they would have to give away everything, even their
children. I'm checking a report of one family who supposedly gave away
150-acre farm and three children."</p>
<p>"We don't know if it's fraud or whether these people might be killed.
There are all sorts of rumours, including some about human sacrifice and
that this is sponsored by the (Charles) Manson family."</p>
<p>"Most of the missing 20 were described as being "hippie types"
although there were some older people among them."</p>
<p>People of this calibre, we have now discovered, have been what is
known as "scientifically adjusted" to fit them for a new role as a slave
species.</p>
<p>There have been equally strange reports of animals, particularly farm
animals, disappearing in large numbers. And occasionally it appears that
aspects of the Alternative 3 operation have been bungled, that attempts to
lift "batch consignments" of humans or of animals have failed.</p>
<p>On July 15, 1977, the Daily Mail under a "Flying Saucer" headline
carried this story:</p>
<p>Men in face masks, using metal detectors and a geiger counter,
yesterday scoured a remote Dartmoor valley in a bid to solve a macabre
mystery. Their search centred on marshy grassland where 15 wild ponies
were found dead, their bodies mangled and torn.</p>
<p>All appeared to have died at about the same time, and many of the bones
have been inexplicably shattered. To add to the riddle, their bodies
decomposed to virtual skeletons within only 48 hours.</p>
<p>Animal experts confess they are baffled by the deaths at Cherry Brook
Valley near Postbridge.</p>
<p>Yesterday's search was carried out by members of the Devon
Unidentified Flying Objects centre at Torquay who are trying to prove a link
with outer space.</p>
<p>They believe that flying saucers may have flown low over the area and
created a vortex which hurled the ponies to their death. Mr. John Wyse,
head of the four-man team, said:</p>
<p>"If a spacecraft has been in the vicinity, there may still be detectable
evidence. We wanted to see if there was any sign that the ponies had been
shot but we have found nothing. This incident bears an uncanny
resemblance to similar events reported in America."</p>
<p>The Mail report concluded with a statement from an official
representing The Dartmoor Livestock Protection Society and the Animal
Defence Society:</p>
<p>"Whatever happened was violent. We are keeping an open mind. I am
fascinated by the UFO theory. There is no reason to reject that possibility
since there is no other rational explanation."</p>
<p>These, then, were typical of the threads, which inspired the original
television investigation. It needed one person, however, to show how they
could be embroidered into a clear picture.</p>
<p>Without the specialist guidance of that person the Sceptre television
documentary could never have been produced, and Trojan would never have
contacted Colin Benson.</p>
<p>And it would have been years, possibly seven years or even longer,
before ordinary people started to suspect the devastating truth about this
planet on which we live. That person, of course, is the old man$</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Section 2</p>
<p>THEY Realize now that they should have killed the old man.</p>
<p>That would have been the logical course to protect the secrecy of
Alternative 3. It is curious, really, that they did not agree to his death on
that Thursday in February for, as we have stated, they do use murder.</p>
<p>Of course, it is not called murder, not when it is done jointly by the
governments of America and Russia. It is an Act of Expediency.</p>
<p>Many Acts of Expediency are believed to have been ordered by the
sixteen men, official representatives of the pentagon and the Kremlin, who
comprise the Policy Committee.</p>
<p>Grotesque and apparently inexplicable slayings in various parts of the
world in Germany and Japan, Britain and Australia are alleged to have been
sanctioned by them.</p>
<p>We have not been able to substantiate these suspicions and allegations
so we merely record that an unknown number of people, including
distinguished radio astronomer Sir William Ballantine, have been executed
because of this astonishing agreement between the super-powers.</p>
<p>Prominent politicians, including two in Britain, were among those who
tried to prevent the publication of this book. They insisted that it is not
necessary for you, and others like you, to be told the unpalatable facts.</p>
<p>They argue that the events of the future are now inevitable, that there is
nothing to be gained by prematurely unleashing fear.</p>
<p>We concede that they are sincere in their views but we maintain that
you ought to know. You have a right to know.</p>
<p>Attemps were also made to neuter the television programme which first
focused public attention on Alternative 3. Those attemps were partially
successful. And, of course, after the programme was transmitted, when
there was that spontaneous explosion of anxiety, Septre Television was
forced to issue a formal denial.</p>
<p>It had all been a hoax. That's what they were told to say. That's what
they did say.</p>
<p>Most people were then only too glad to be reassured. They wanted to
be convinced that the programme had been devised as a joke, that it was
merely an elaborate piece of escapist entertainment. It was more
comfortable that way.</p>
<p>In fact, the television researchers did uncover far more disturbing
material than they were allowed to transmit. The censored information is
now in our possession. And, as we have indicated, there was a great deal
that Benson and the rest of the television team did not discover, not until
after their programme had been screened. </p>
<p>------------------------------------------------------------------------ </p>
<p>Copies of Alternative 3 are rare. There is a source in ENGLAND which
we do not currently know, however, you may purchase an imported copy for
about $11.00 from Metaphysical Book Store, 9511 E. Colfax, Aurora, CO
80010 (303) 341-7562. Please mention that you got the address from VANGARD
SCIENCES or the KeelyNet Bulletin Board System. Thanks.</p>
<p>Placed in the public domain from the</p>
<p>VANGARD SCIENCES archives on October 28 1989.
Our mailing address is PO BOX 1031, Mesquite, TX 75150.
Voice phone (Jerry 214-324-8741...Ron 214-484-3189
KeelyNet (214) 324-3501</p>
<p>======================================================================</p>
<p>The Truth about Alternative 3
from its author, Leslie Watkins</p>
<p>(This article is taken from the $Windwords$ newsletter)
address not available</p>
<p>In our June issue, we told you about the controversial book Alternative
3, by British author Leslie Watkins. In out attempt to find out if the
shocking theories in the book were true, we called Avon Books, the
American publisher; they said the book was out of print in the states. We
called Penguin Books in London and found that it was listed on their
NON-FICTION list. A senior editor there told us that it was officially
classified as FICTION BASED ON FACT. The author's agent told us it was
most definitely fiction. We wrote to the author himself to try to get the
real story, and here is the letter he sent us.</p>
<p>Dear Ms. Dittrich:</p>
<p>Thank you for your letter, which reached me today. Naturally, I am
delighted by your interest in Alternative 3 and by the fact that you plan to
sell it in the Windwords bookstore. I will certainly cooperate in any way I
can.</p>
<p>The correct description of Alternative 3 was given to you by the
representative from Penguin Books. The book is based on fact, but uses that
fact as a launchpad for a HIGH DIVE INTO FICTION. In answer to your
specific questions:</p>
<p>1) There is no astronaut named Grodin.
2) There is no Sceptre Television and the reported Benson is also
fictional.
3) There is no Dr. Gerstein.
4) Yes, a "documentary" was televised in June 1977 on Anglia
Television, which went out to the entire national network in Britain.
It was called Alternative 3 and was written by David Ambrose and
produced by Christopher Miles (whose names were on the book for
contractual reasons). This original TV version, which I EXPANDED
IMMENSELY for the book, was ACTUALLY A HOAX which had been
scheduled for transmission on April Fools' Day. Because of certain
problems in finding the right network slot, the transmission was
delayed.</p>
<p>The TV program did cause a tremendous uproar because viewers
refused to believe it was fiction. I initially took the view that the
basic premise was so way-out, particularly the way I aimed to
present it in the book, that no one would regard it as non-fiction.
Immediately after publication, I realized I was totally wrong. In fact,
the amazing mountains of letters from virtually all parts of the world
including vast numbers from highly intelligent people in positions of
responsibility-convinced me that I had ACCIDENTALLY trespassed
into a range of top-secret truths. </p>
<p>Documentary evidence provided by many of these
correspondents decided me to write a serious and COMPLETELY
NON-FICTION sequel. Unfortunately, a chest containing the bulk of
the letters was among the items which were mysteriously LOST IN
TRANSIT some four years when I moved from London, England, to
Sydney, Australia, before I moved on to settle in New Zealand. For
some time after Alternative 3 was originally published, I have
reason to suppose that my home telephone was being tapped and my
contacts who were experienced in such matters were convinced
that certain intelligence agencies considered that I probably knew
too much.</p>
<p>So, summing up, the book is FICTION BASED ON FACT. But I now feel
that I inadvertently got VERY CLOSE TO A SECRET TRUTH. I hope this is of
some help to you and I look forward to hearing from you again.</p>
<p>With best wishes,
Leslie Watkins</p>
<p>Unfortunately, Alternative 3 is no longer available. We (Windwords)
bought all the remaining copies from the British publisher and those quickly
sold out. If the book is reprinted, you can be sure we'll let you know and
we'll carry it in the Windwords bookstore.</p>
<p></xml>

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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<xml><p> -Here's the lowdown on "ALTERNATIVE 3" from a TV-movie compendium.
<xml><p> -Here's the lowdown on "ALTERNATIVE 3" from a TV-movie compendium.
"ALTERNATIVE 3" (GB 1977; 52m, colour)
Amusing spoof do commentary about the disappearance of various high-IQ
citizens, allegedly to form nucleus of a standby civilization on Mars against
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ fragile nature of our planet."</p>
February, 1971, also resigned in May, 1972 to devote himself to
parapsychology. Later, at the headquarters of his Institute for noetic
Sciences near San Francisco, he described looking at this world from the
Moon: "I went into a very deep pathos, a kind of anguish. That incredibly
Moon: "I went into a very deep pathos, a kind of anguish. That incredibly
beautiful planet that was Earth, a place no bigger than my thumb was my
home.. a blue and white jewel against a velvet black sky...was being killed
off."</p>
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ So they've got a P.R. story for all that hardware they've been firing into
space.
We're nothing, man! Nothing!"</p>
<p>On July 11, 1977, the Los Angeles Times came near to the heart of
<p>On July 11, 1977, the Los Angeles Times came near to the heart of
the matter, nearer than any other newspaper, when it published a
remarkable interview with Dr. Gerard O'Neill.</p>
@ -256,12 +256,12 @@ unknown factor is some kind of massive but covert operation in space. But
as for the reasons behind it we are not in the business of speculation."</p>
<p>Washington's acute discomfort over O'Neill's revelations through the Los
Angeles Times can be assessed by the urgency with which a "suppression"
Angeles Times can be assessed by the urgency with which a "suppression"
Bill was rushed to the Statute Book.</p>
<p>On July 27, 1977, only sixteen days after publication of the O'Neill
interview columnist Jeremy Campbell reported in the London Evening
Standard that the Bill would become law that September. He wrote:</p>
Standard that the Bill would become law that September. He wrote:</p>
<p>It prohibits the publishing of an official report without permission,
arguing that this obstructs the Government's control of its own information.
@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ contacted Colin Benson.</p>
before ordinary people started to suspect the devastating truth about this
planet on which we live. That person, of course, is the old man$</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Section 2</p>
@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ real story, and here is the letter he sent us.</p>
<p>Dear Ms. Dittrich:</p>
<p>Thank you for your letter, which reached me today. Naturally, I am
delighted by your interest in Alternative 3 and by the fact that you plan to
delighted by your interest in Alternative 3 and by the fact that you plan to
sell it in the Windwords bookstore. I will certainly cooperate in any way I
can.</p>
@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ NON-FICTION sequel. Unfortunately, a chest containing the bulk of
the letters was among the items which were mysteriously LOST IN
TRANSIT some four years when I moved from London, England, to
Sydney, Australia, before I moved on to settle in New Zealand. For
some time after Alternative 3 was originally published, I have
some time after Alternative 3 was originally published, I have
reason to suppose that my home telephone was being tapped and my
contacts who were experienced in such matters were convinced
that certain intelligence agencies considered that I probably knew
@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ some help to you and I look forward to hearing from you again.</p>
<p>With best wishes,
Leslie Watkins</p>
<p>Unfortunately, Alternative 3 is no longer available. We (Windwords)
<p>Unfortunately, Alternative 3 is no longer available. We (Windwords)
bought all the remaining copies from the British publisher and those quickly
sold out. If the book is reprinted, you can be sure we'll let you know and
we'll carry it in the Windwords bookstore.</p>

360
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@ -1,360 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>
Anti-American Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p>From: San Francisco Chronicle, Wed. Dec. 12, 1990 (Briefing Section)
----</p>
<p>The British Zionists were led by Chaim Weizmann, a brilliant chemist who
contributed to the war effort by discovering a new process for manufacturing
acetone, a substance vital for TNT that was until then only produced in
Germany. Weizmann saw a historic opening for Zionism and began to lobby
influential British politicians.</p>
<p>Early in their talks with British politicians, it became clear to them that
only a British Palestine would be a reliable buffer for the Suez Canal.
Weizmann therefore assured Britain that in exchange for its support,
Zionists would work for the establishment of a British protectorate there.
This suited Britain better than the agreement it had already made with
France for an international administration for Palestine.</p>
<p>So on November 2, 1917, Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour made his famous
and deeply ambiguous declaration that Britain would "view with favor the
establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people..."
How did the pledge to the Zionists square with what had already been
promised to the Arabs in return for their support in the war against the
Turks? The Arabs realized that they had been outmaneuvered.</p>
<p>Note - As you can see, the main reason our troops are in the Persian Gulf
is because of the Zionist hunger for a national home in Palestine.
Palestine was an independent land before 1917. But after the
totally unfair Balfour Declaration, written by British Zionists,
Zionists (Jews) were given permission by Great Britain to take
over Palestine and keep lands which do not belong to them. And
the US has not done anything about it. Why? Because of the
better known media, which are all Zionists. (ie. Ted Koppell,
Larry King, etc etc etc) Many large corporations are also run
by Jews, including many of the large corporations which make
stuff for our military. </p>
<p>Note - The American Anti-Jewish League in no way supports the naked
aggression committed by Saddam Hussein against Kuwait. He
must leave Kuwait, even though Kuwait, contrary to popular
opinion, once WAS a PROVINCE of Iraq. There is no doubt about
this: just go to your public library and get a good book on
Iraq, Kuwait, or British Foreign Policy in the Middle East.
Once again, it was the British (and French) who set up the
current boundaries which exist today. However, what Saddam
has done must be overruled, exactly as what the Jews have
done to Palestine must be stopped. Do you know how much of
our TAXES go to Israel every year? Do you know how much
trouble we've gone through to protect Israel? Do you know
that there are more Jews in the USA than in any other country
in the world? Do you know most Jews (especially the conser-
vative and highly orthodox ones) are strong anti-Americans?
Why then, are we supporting them? Because many of our
highest government positions are run by Jews. They are
practically running the US. And what about the British?
It is not Japan that owns more of the US than other countries.
It is Great Britain. They own more US land, corporations,
stocks, interests, etc. in the US than the Japanese and 5
other countries put together. If you don't believe any of
this, just print it out, and go to your local public library
or ask an unbiased History professor. This is all true.
Please spread the word around, and upload this and other
files to as many BBS's as you can. We must begin to stop
this low-profile takeover of our country, or else it will
be too late to control it. Thank you for your time.</p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p>Have you ever wondered why so many people hate or dislike Jews? From their
very first existence, they have been hated by people around them and people
who knew them. Why? All through these ages, anti-semitism is still strong.
Why? It is true that some of this hatred is not founded for truly, such as
in the case of the Germans. Hitler was looking for a people to accuse of
Germany's downfall, so he picked the Jews. Although this is not the main
reason for Germany's weakness at that time, there is still something to it.
Jews were contributing, but very minutely, and in low-profile, to Germany's
problems. Anyway, back to the main point. Now it is the Arabs who are after
the Jews, even though if you go back to Germany today, the majority of
Germans (although they will not admit it right away) are still anti-semitic.
Wouldn't you still be? Just look at ALL these movies made and shown on
TV and at cinemas in which the world is pitted against the Germans, and
the Germans always lose. These movies are still shown every day on TV and
cable. Just turn on TBS, TNT, etc. Anyway, now it is the Arabs. And
now we have and soon will have more movies which bring down the Arabs.
(ie. the new Sally Field movie, which is grossly exaggerated) Don't
forget who runs most of the TV networks and movie studios. So why do
so many people hate Jews (also known as Zionists, semitic people (not very
correctly though), Israelites, Israelis) The answer to this question
is very simple. Jews believe that they are God's chosen people (they
honestly believe this, even though they will not admit it anymore di-
rectly) and that because they are so, then they are superior to all
other people. All others must work for Jews, because no one else is
as gifted as they are. It is true that most Jews have above-average
intelligence, and that they are very handy and dexterous, and work hard
(but only for themselves) We are not denying this. What we detest is
their attitude that they are superior to us, and therefore we must
be their slaves. And they can do almost anything they want, because
they are the "chosen" ones. Because of this belief of theirs, Jews
along with their other attributes have been slowly and quietly taking
over the most important world systems. They cheat a lot; this is one
of their most distinguished characteristics. What we mean by cheat
is not just cheating, but taking advantage of the right opportunities
to gain their objectives. They are extremely well-known for their
"money habits". They take advantage of less qualified peoples, using
them knowingly. They help mostly only themselves, and have very close
ties with each other. (they even have their owns BBs's, just look in-
side Computer Currents) Because of this connections, they can get
things done easily. If a Jew needs job, no problem. There are other
Jews in all the top job areas, who will right away hire him/her first
over others. They have extremely high-level propaganda machinery;
many TV and radio commentators are Jews, many reporters, book writers,
and magazines are Jewish. AND very importantly, the many publications
companies are run by Jews. If you have any doubts, just do some
research. It might take you a while, but you will find out that, yes,
it is true. And these people are ALL over the world: Israel, USA,
England, Canada, spread over in S. American, all over Europe, USSR,
etc etc. They are practically in the highest-level positions all over
the world. And they use their clear advantage to continually gain
more and more power. The Middle East is the last bastion of true
anti-Zionism. God only knows what would happen if they were to take
over the Middle East and its oil too. They already have the biggest
banks, corporations, communications systems, etc in the world. All
they need now is oil. And all throughout the ages, they have been
doing the same thing, and when successful, suppressing all opposing
views. Now they have finally succeeded in turning the whole world
against Iraq, the 2nd biggest anti-Zionist country in the world. This
of course, has been done in an indirect manner, and has taken them a
lot of time. But it has worked. Once Saddam is ousted, thanks to
our soldiers and money, they will then begin to slowly get control of
the region. There is still Iran, Syria, and other countries, but they
can be taken care of too. It will not be easy for them, because the
Arabs are tremendous anti-semites, and they are willing to do anything
to stop the Jews. But, with the US, Britain, and other countries
helping them, the Jewish will have all the support they need to accom-
plish their goals. And all because these countries are practically
run by Jews. So please, become more informed on this subject. Read
more books, newspapers, etc. about these people, making DEAD sure
that they are not written by Jewish authors, or published by Jewish
publication companies, or third-party Jewish-influenced writers.
We must stop these people from controlling the world. We don't want
to kill them or hurt them, we want to let them know that they are
not superior to us, they are not God's chosen people, and that they
cannot do whatever they want. Please, help us out. Spread these
files around, call your senators and representatives, read more
about this stuff, etc. JEWS MUST BE STOPPED... NOW!</p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
--------------------------- </p>
<p>How would you like it if another peoples, with greater military capability
and more money came to the United States and started to control it. If
they began to put strict restrictions on everything you did, and started
to take away your rights. If they set curfews, so that you couldn't
come outside at times, and refused to let you go wherever you wanted.
If they refused to allow you to celebrate certain holidays. If they put
down all opposition brutally, killing anyone who disobeyed their rules.
And to top if off, they were supported by the biggest military in the
world. You could do nothing about it. Nothing. All tries have been
put down by force. Anything you have done has ended in your people
being killed or injured. How would you feel? Be honest now. Well,
this is exactly what is happening in Palestine now. It's even worse
than this. There is no way to describe it. The only way to do so is
to sit down for a few minutes and imagine people coming into your
town and suddenly taking control of it. You have to do everything
they tell you to. If you go out and protest, they will injure you. If
you get violent, they will kill you, saying that you have been wanted
for other offenses as well, and that you had done such and such.
And there is absolutely nothing that you can do. Many people outside
are talking about this, but no one is really doing anything about it.
It feels terrible, doesn't it? You are beginning to get really angry
now, that no one is listening to your cries. You try more violent
methods - nothing. So you decide the only way to make it known to
others is to use terrorist methods. You hijack a plane. Now the
whole world is against you. More Jewish propaganda. You are called
a barbarian, uncivilized. Just throw a nuke on you, many say. So
what do you do? This is exactly what is happening to the Palestinian
people. Please, do something about it. Or at least, next time you
hear Jews, Jewish propaganda, or some other Jewish views, question
them, embarass them. Don't believe everything they say. Become
more informed. STOP THEM BEFORE IT'S TOO LATE!</p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p> Disclaimer - Any use of this info for illegal purposes is forbidden
and against the law. All of the info in this file is
only for your personal knowledge. If you use any of
this info in the process, the consequences are yours
and yours alone.</p>
<p> </p>
<p> Useful Addresses and Phone Numbers
----------------------------------</p>
<p>1. Consulate General of Israel
220 Bush
San Francisco, CA.</p>
<p> (415) 398-8885</p>
<p> Open M-F 10am to 1pm</p>
<p>2. Adath Israel
Rabbi Jacob Traub
1851 Noriega</p>
<p> (415) 564-5665</p>
<p>3. Ahavat Shalom
150 Eureka</p>
<p> (415) 621-1020</p>
<p>4. Congregation Anshey Sfard
1500 Clement
(415) 752-4979</p>
<p>5. Congregation Beth Israel-Judea
Rabbi Herbert Morris
625 Brotherhood Way</p>
<p> (415) 586-8833</p>
<p>6. Congregation Beth Sholom
Rabbi Alexander Graubart
14th Ave &amp; Clement</p>
<p> (415) 221-8736</p>
<p>7. Congregation B'Nai B'Rit Ha Mashiach
(415) 992-2079</p>
<p>8. Congregation B'Nai Emunah (Conservative Jews - Give 'em HELL!)
Rabbi Theodore R. Alexander
3595 Taraval</p>
<p> (415) 664-7373</p>
<p>9. Congregation B'Nai Israel (also conservative)
Rabbi Malcolm Cohen
1575 Annie</p>
<p> (415) 756-5430</p>
<p>10. Congregation Chevra Thilim
751 25th Ave
(415) 386-9570 </p>
<p>11. Congregation Emanu-El
199 Arguello Bl.
(415) 751-2535</p>
<p>12. Congregation Keneseth Israel
1255 Post Suite 427
(415) 771-3420</p>
<p>13. Congregation Magain David Sephardim
351 4th Ave
(415) 752-9095</p>
<p>14. Congregation Ner Tamid
1250 Quintara</p>
<p> (415) 661-3383</p>
<p>15. Congregation Sherith Israel
2266 California</p>
<p> (415) 346-1720</p>
<p>16. Hillel Foundation
33 Banbury Dr.</p>
<p> (415) 333-4922</p>
<p>17. Jewish Educational Center of SF
538 29th Ave</p>
<p> (415) 221-7045</p>
<p>18. United Synagogue of America
425 Divisadero
(415) 864-1051</p>
<p>Note - Some 42% of the problems of the US are a direct result of Jews. This
is not some hypothetical figure, it is thouroughly researched fact.
One of the main reasons our troops are in the gulf is Israel. Why?
They run practically all the biggest TV networks, newspapers, radio
stations, higher posts, etc. in the USA. </p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p> UPDATE</p>
<p>So, now that Saddam Hussein has fired Scud missiles into Israel, and the
Jews have shown restraint, they immediately expect something from us. Today
they asked for 13 billion more dollars (billion, not million). In addition
to this, they have asked for another $10 billion from other countries.
Why the hell do we have to send our tax dollars to them? Why? They have
everything they already need. They have a huge air force, many nuclear
weapons, an army, navy, and money. Why should we send them anything? If
we are going to send money to someone, there are many other needier nations
on this planet who have none of the above. Instead, we send this money to
a country which from its very beginning has caused trouble. Possibly, no
other country has ever caused so many problems for humankind in history.
These Jewish pigs are now taking advantage of the circumstances to get many
of their ideas across, and thanks to Saddam, they are being very success-
ful. All the TV networks (most of which are run by Jews (many of the news
directors are Jewish, plus anchormen as well, such as Ted Coppel, Larry
King, etc etc)) are interviewing Jewish state figures, and asking them
favorable questions. CNN itself constantly interviews many Jewish heads
of state. But very few Arab leaders/figures are interviews, and if done
so, not very rational figures are chosen so that people get the wrong
impression. (ie. those two Jordanian engineers on Nightline who do not
reflect the majority opinion of Arabs) All the Jewish pigs interviewed
have been saying: "Now the world knows what we have had to put up with
all these years", when in fact, it is exactly the opposite! It is what
the Arab people have had to put up with, especially the Palestinians,
who unfortunately supported Saddam's aggression. This is truly sad,
because it has given the Palestinians a very bad image, especially in
the USA. Many of you are probably saying, "Oh, those poor Israelis,
look what they have to put up with. If San Francisco was bombed, I
would do the same too." And this is somewhat true; Saddam is a brutal
dictator, and the only thing he has done is help the Zionist pigs.
So here we go again; we've given them Patriot missile systems (each
Patriot missile costs $1 million - this is your TAX money!) Now we're
about to give those pigs, who don't really need this money, another
$13 billion. Of course the Arab countries will see us with an evil
eye. Not only have we ignored them, but now we are putting the icing
on the Jewish cake. This is enfuriating them. The Jews are (they say
this, and it is true, but they also take advantage of inferior peoples.
Just trace Jewish history) smart people, they are literate, have schools,
money, etc. Why can't they just get their own money? They practically
run a third of our country. Now, for restraining against immediate
attack (they will attack later though), they ask us for $13 billion.
This is an outrage! An absolute outrage! Our economy is going down,
we are cutting from health care, and from education, there are many
programs here that need money, and what do we do? We give those Jewish
pigs, who need the money less than we do, millions of dollars every
year. So that they can in return take advantage of our resources.
I plead with you that you do something about this. We have to stop
this. Many of the people who run the USA our Jews. Get them out
of their posts. Please, we must do something about this NOW, before
it's too late to even start something. Write letters. Ask people.
Inform yourselves. Read books (that are not biased - many of the
biggest publications companies are run by Jews) Spread this file
around as many bulletin boards as possible. Thank you for your
time.
</xml>

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<xml><p>
Anti-American Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
Anti-American Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p>From: San Francisco Chronicle, Wed. Dec. 12, 1990 (Briefing Section)
----</p>
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ influential British politicians.</p>
<p>Early in their talks with British politicians, it became clear to them that
only a British Palestine would be a reliable buffer for the Suez Canal.
Weizmann therefore assured Britain that in exchange for its support,
Weizmann therefore assured Britain that in exchange for its support,
Zionists would work for the establishment of a British protectorate there.
This suited Britain better than the agreement it had already made with
France for an international administration for Palestine.</p>
@ -26,48 +26,48 @@ promised to the Arabs in return for their support in the war against the
Turks? The Arabs realized that they had been outmaneuvered.</p>
<p>Note - As you can see, the main reason our troops are in the Persian Gulf
is because of the Zionist hunger for a national home in Palestine.
Palestine was an independent land before 1917. But after the
totally unfair Balfour Declaration, written by British Zionists,
Zionists (Jews) were given permission by Great Britain to take
over Palestine and keep lands which do not belong to them. And
the US has not done anything about it. Why? Because of the
better known media, which are all Zionists. (ie. Ted Koppell,
Larry King, etc etc etc) Many large corporations are also run
by Jews, including many of the large corporations which make
stuff for our military. </p>
is because of the Zionist hunger for a national home in Palestine.
Palestine was an independent land before 1917. But after the
totally unfair Balfour Declaration, written by British Zionists,
Zionists (Jews) were given permission by Great Britain to take
over Palestine and keep lands which do not belong to them. And
the US has not done anything about it. Why? Because of the
better known media, which are all Zionists. (ie. Ted Koppell,
Larry King, etc etc etc) Many large corporations are also run
by Jews, including many of the large corporations which make
stuff for our military. </p>
<p>Note - The American Anti-Jewish League in no way supports the naked
aggression committed by Saddam Hussein against Kuwait. He
must leave Kuwait, even though Kuwait, contrary to popular
opinion, once WAS a PROVINCE of Iraq. There is no doubt about
this: just go to your public library and get a good book on
Iraq, Kuwait, or British Foreign Policy in the Middle East.
Once again, it was the British (and French) who set up the
current boundaries which exist today. However, what Saddam
has done must be overruled, exactly as what the Jews have
done to Palestine must be stopped. Do you know how much of
our TAXES go to Israel every year? Do you know how much
trouble we've gone through to protect Israel? Do you know
that there are more Jews in the USA than in any other country
in the world? Do you know most Jews (especially the conser-
vative and highly orthodox ones) are strong anti-Americans?
Why then, are we supporting them? Because many of our
highest government positions are run by Jews. They are
practically running the US. And what about the British?
It is not Japan that owns more of the US than other countries.
It is Great Britain. They own more US land, corporations,
stocks, interests, etc. in the US than the Japanese and 5
other countries put together. If you don't believe any of
this, just print it out, and go to your local public library
or ask an unbiased History professor. This is all true.
Please spread the word around, and upload this and other
files to as many BBS's as you can. We must begin to stop
this low-profile takeover of our country, or else it will
be too late to control it. Thank you for your time.</p>
aggression committed by Saddam Hussein against Kuwait. He
must leave Kuwait, even though Kuwait, contrary to popular
opinion, once WAS a PROVINCE of Iraq. There is no doubt about
this: just go to your public library and get a good book on
Iraq, Kuwait, or British Foreign Policy in the Middle East.
Once again, it was the British (and French) who set up the
current boundaries which exist today. However, what Saddam
has done must be overruled, exactly as what the Jews have
done to Palestine must be stopped. Do you know how much of
our TAXES go to Israel every year? Do you know how much
trouble we've gone through to protect Israel? Do you know
that there are more Jews in the USA than in any other country
in the world? Do you know most Jews (especially the conser-
vative and highly orthodox ones) are strong anti-Americans?
Why then, are we supporting them? Because many of our
highest government positions are run by Jews. They are
practically running the US. And what about the British?
It is not Japan that owns more of the US than other countries.
It is Great Britain. They own more US land, corporations,
stocks, interests, etc. in the US than the Japanese and 5
other countries put together. If you don't believe any of
this, just print it out, and go to your local public library
or ask an unbiased History professor. This is all true.
Please spread the word around, and upload this and other
files to as many BBS's as you can. We must begin to stop
this low-profile takeover of our country, or else it will
be too late to control it. Thank you for your time.</p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p>Have you ever wondered why so many people hate or dislike Jews? From their
very first existence, they have been hated by people around them and people
@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ cannot do whatever they want. Please, help us out. Spread these
files around, call your senators and representatives, read more
about this stuff, etc. JEWS MUST BE STOPPED... NOW!</p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
--------------------------- </p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
--------------------------- </p>
<p>How would you like it if another peoples, with greater military capability
and more money came to the United States and started to control it. If
@ -182,125 +182,125 @@ hear Jews, Jewish propaganda, or some other Jewish views, question
them, embarass them. Don't believe everything they say. Become
more informed. STOP THEM BEFORE IT'S TOO LATE!</p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p> Disclaimer - Any use of this info for illegal purposes is forbidden
and against the law. All of the info in this file is
only for your personal knowledge. If you use any of
this info in the process, the consequences are yours
and yours alone.</p>
<p> Disclaimer - Any use of this info for illegal purposes is forbidden
and against the law. All of the info in this file is
only for your personal knowledge. If you use any of
this info in the process, the consequences are yours
and yours alone.</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> Useful Addresses and Phone Numbers
----------------------------------</p>
<p> Useful Addresses and Phone Numbers
----------------------------------</p>
<p>1. Consulate General of Israel
220 Bush
San Francisco, CA.</p>
220 Bush
San Francisco, CA.</p>
<p> (415) 398-8885</p>
<p> (415) 398-8885</p>
<p> Open M-F 10am to 1pm</p>
<p> Open M-F 10am to 1pm</p>
<p>2. Adath Israel
Rabbi Jacob Traub
1851 Noriega</p>
Rabbi Jacob Traub
1851 Noriega</p>
<p> (415) 564-5665</p>
<p> (415) 564-5665</p>
<p>3. Ahavat Shalom
150 Eureka</p>
150 Eureka</p>
<p> (415) 621-1020</p>
<p> (415) 621-1020</p>
<p>4. Congregation Anshey Sfard
1500 Clement
(415) 752-4979</p>
1500 Clement
(415) 752-4979</p>
<p>5. Congregation Beth Israel-Judea
Rabbi Herbert Morris
625 Brotherhood Way</p>
Rabbi Herbert Morris
625 Brotherhood Way</p>
<p> (415) 586-8833</p>
<p> (415) 586-8833</p>
<p>6. Congregation Beth Sholom
Rabbi Alexander Graubart
14th Ave &amp; Clement</p>
Rabbi Alexander Graubart
14th Ave &amp; Clement</p>
<p> (415) 221-8736</p>
<p> (415) 221-8736</p>
<p>7. Congregation B'Nai B'Rit Ha Mashiach
(415) 992-2079</p>
(415) 992-2079</p>
<p>8. Congregation B'Nai Emunah (Conservative Jews - Give 'em HELL!)
Rabbi Theodore R. Alexander
3595 Taraval</p>
Rabbi Theodore R. Alexander
3595 Taraval</p>
<p> (415) 664-7373</p>
<p> (415) 664-7373</p>
<p>9. Congregation B'Nai Israel (also conservative)
Rabbi Malcolm Cohen
1575 Annie</p>
Rabbi Malcolm Cohen
1575 Annie</p>
<p> (415) 756-5430</p>
<p> (415) 756-5430</p>
<p>10. Congregation Chevra Thilim
751 25th Ave
(415) 386-9570 </p>
751 25th Ave
(415) 386-9570 </p>
<p>11. Congregation Emanu-El
199 Arguello Bl.
199 Arguello Bl.
(415) 751-2535</p>
(415) 751-2535</p>
<p>12. Congregation Keneseth Israel
1255 Post Suite 427
(415) 771-3420</p>
1255 Post Suite 427
(415) 771-3420</p>
<p>13. Congregation Magain David Sephardim
351 4th Ave
351 4th Ave
(415) 752-9095</p>
(415) 752-9095</p>
<p>14. Congregation Ner Tamid
1250 Quintara</p>
1250 Quintara</p>
<p> (415) 661-3383</p>
<p> (415) 661-3383</p>
<p>15. Congregation Sherith Israel
2266 California</p>
2266 California</p>
<p> (415) 346-1720</p>
<p> (415) 346-1720</p>
<p>16. Hillel Foundation
33 Banbury Dr.</p>
33 Banbury Dr.</p>
<p> (415) 333-4922</p>
<p> (415) 333-4922</p>
<p>17. Jewish Educational Center of SF
538 29th Ave</p>
538 29th Ave</p>
<p> (415) 221-7045</p>
<p> (415) 221-7045</p>
<p>18. United Synagogue of America
425 Divisadero
(415) 864-1051</p>
425 Divisadero
(415) 864-1051</p>
<p>Note - Some 42% of the problems of the US are a direct result of Jews. This
is not some hypothetical figure, it is thouroughly researched fact.
One of the main reasons our troops are in the gulf is Israel. Why?
They run practically all the biggest TV networks, newspapers, radio
stations, higher posts, etc. in the USA. </p>
is not some hypothetical figure, it is thouroughly researched fact.
One of the main reasons our troops are in the gulf is Israel. Why?
They run practically all the biggest TV networks, newspapers, radio
stations, higher posts, etc. in the USA. </p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p> UPDATE</p>
<p> UPDATE</p>
<p>So, now that Saddam Hussein has fired Scud missiles into Israel, and the
Jews have shown restraint, they immediately expect something from us. Today
@ -357,4 +357,4 @@ biggest publications companies are run by Jews) Spread this file
around as many bulletin boards as possible. Thank you for your
time.
</p></xml>
</p></xml>

769
regexConsp/aosc_fbi.txt
View File

@ -1,769 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>FROM THE ALL OHIO SCANNER CLUB:</p>
<p>SYSTEM PROFILE - The FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION</p>
<p>History</p>
<p>The FBI traces its roots back to the year 1908 when then U.S. Attorney General
Charles Bonaparte directed that Department of Justice investigations be handled
by a small group of special investigators. The group was formed as the Bureau
of Investigation and, in 1935, the present day name was designated by Congress.</p>
<p>Duties</p>
<p>The primary functions of the FBI and its agents are the investigations of
violations of certain Federal statutes and the collection of evidence in cases
in which the United States is or may be an interested party. The FBI performs
other duties specifically imposed by law or Presidential directive and conducts
a number of service activities for other law enforcement agencies. The FBI can
investigate a matter only when it has authority to do so under a law passed by
Congress or on instructions of the President or the Attorney General.</p>
<p>The FBI is not a Federal police force, it is a fact-finding organization
investigating violations of Federal laws and its authority is strictly limited
to matters within its jurisdiction. FBI agents may make arrests without a
warrant for any Federal offense committed in their presence, or when they have
reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or
is attempting to commit a felony violation of United States laws. Agents may
also make arrests by warrant.</p>
<p>Agents do not make arrests for "investigation" or "on suspicion". Before
arrests are made, if at all possible, the facts of each case are presented tom
the U.S. Attorney who decides whether or not a Federal violation has occurred
and, if so, the U.S. Attorney may authorize agents to file a complaint which
serves as the basis of the arrest warrant.</p>
<p>The FBI has no authority to investigate local crimes which are not within its
jurisdiction. The FBI will, however, render all possible assistance to the
local police through the FBI Laboratory and Identification Division. The FBI
LID maintains fingerprint files on approximately 70 million (yes, million)
people. The FBI also maintains the National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
which keeps records of missing persons, serialized stolen property, wanted
persons for whom an arrest warrant is outstanding, and criminal histories on
individuals arrested and fingerprinted for serious or significant offenses.</p>
<p>The NCIC is a computerized information system established by the FBI as a
service to all criminal justice agencies- local, state and Federal. The
information can be instantly retrieved over a vast communications network
through the use of telecommunications equipment in criminal justice centers in
various locations in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico. Many times when
monitoring the local or county police/sheriff departments a reference to a NCIC
check is heard.</p>
<p>The FBI is involved in criminal investigations and foreign counterintelligence
efforts. Most notably criminal investigations are those of bank robberies and
kidnapping cases. The FBI can also investigate criminal activity associated
with interstate transportation of stolen property, and the FBI can investigate
graft and corruption cases of local government under certain circumstances.
Department of Justice offices mat be found on some military installations as
the FBI has jurisdiction when a crime involves Government property, or funds,
or when only civilians are involved.</p>
<p>The FBI's responsibility with respect to foreign counterintelligence, within
the United States, is to detect, lawfully counteract, and/or prevent espionage
and other clandestine intelligence activities, sabotage, international
terrorist activities, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign
powers, organizations, or persons. The FBI also investigates murders,
kidnappings, and assaults against foreign diplomatic officials while in the
United States, as well as damage to property of foreign governments in the
United States.</p>
<p>Organization</p>
<p>The FBI is an agency within the U.S. Department of Justice, which is lead by
the U.S. Attorney General. The head of the FBI is the Director who is appointed
by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. Assistant directors
are the next level of command within the FBI. The FBI has ten assistant
directors who are accountable to the Director for all matters within their
sphere of operations.</p>
<p>The FBI has 59 field offices located in major cities throughout the United
States and in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Each, with the exception of the New York
Office which is headed by an Assistant Director, is under the direct
supervision of a Special Agent In Charge (SAIC). The SAIC is supervised and
receives directions from the FBI headquarters in Washington, D.C.</p>
<p>Each FBI Field Office has Resident Agencies which are local offices in some of
the larger cities within the field offices jurisdiction. Refer to the FBI field
office map for the sectioning of the field offices across the United States.
The following list of the field offices and associated data was generated by
data contributed from several readers who wish to remain anonymous and from
this editor.</p>
<p>Location F.O. Telephone No. Call Letters RA's</p>
<p>Albany, NY 12201 1 518 465 7551 KEC 250 - 262 8</p>
<p>Albuquerque, NM 87102 2 505 247 1555 6</p>
<p>Alexandria, VA 3 KFQ 240 - 244 3</p>
<p>Anchorage, AK 99513 4 907 276 4441 2</p>
<p>Atlanta, GA 30303 5 404 521 3900 KIE 300 - 311 8</p>
<p>Baltimore, MD 21207 6 301 265 8080 KGB 747 - 756 9</p>
<p>Birmingham, AL 35203 7 205 252 7705 5</p>
<p>Boston, MA 02203 8 617 742 5533 KCB 800 - 814 12</p>
<p>Buffalo, NY 14202 9 716 856 7800 KEX 590 - 595 3</p>
<p>Butte, MT 59702 10 406 782 2304 13</p>
<p>Charlotte, NC 28217 11 704 529 1030 KEV 220 - 228 8</p>
<p>Chicago, IL 60604 12 312 431 1333 KSC 210 - 217 4</p>
<p>Cincinnati, OH 45202 13 513 421 4310 KQC 390 - 399 8</p>
<p>Cleveland, OH 44199 14 216 522 1400 KEX 740 - 750 9</p>
<p>Columbia, SC 29201 15 803 254 3011 KEX 820 - 830 8</p>
<p>Dallas, TX 75202 16 214 720 2200 8</p>
<p>Denver, CO 80202 17 303 629 7171 7</p>
<p>Detroit, MI 48226 18 313 965 2323 KEX 760 - 772 12</p>
<p>El Paso, TX 79901 19 915 533 7451 1</p>
<p>Honolulu, HI 96850 20 808 521 1411 0</p>
<p>Houston, TX 77008 21 713 868 2266 3</p>
<p>Indianapolis, IN 46204 22 317 639 3301 KEX 780 - 790 9</p>
<p>Jackson, MS 39269 23 601 948 5000 9</p>
<p>Jacksonville, FL 32211 24 904 721 1211 7</p>
<p>Kansas City, MO 64106 25 816 221 6100 KEX 570 - 582 9</p>
<p>Knoxville, TN 37902 26 615 544 0751 KEV 240 - 246 6</p>
<p>Las Vegas, NV 89104 27 702 385 1281 2</p>
<p>Little Rock, AR 72211 28 501 221 9100 KFQ 200 - 208 7</p>
<p>Los Angeles, CA 90024 29 213 477 6565 KMC 250 - 275 25</p>
<p>Louisville, KY 40202 30 502 583 3941 KIA 320 - 332 12</p>
<p>Memphis, TN 38103 31 901 525 7373 6</p>
<p>Miami, FL 33169 32 305 944 9101 KEV 300 - 305 4</p>
<p>Milwaukee, WI 53202 33 414 276 4684 KSC 220 - 228 6</p>
<p>Minneapolis, MN 55401 34 612 339 7861 14</p>
<p>Mobile, AL 36602 35 205 438 3674 5</p>
<p>Newark, NJ 07102 36 201 622 5613 KEX 620 - 628 6</p>
<p>New Haven, CT 06510 37 203 777 6311 KEX 600 - 606 4</p>
<p>New Orleans, LA 70113 38 504 522 4671 6</p>
<p>New York, NY 10278 39 212 553 2700 KEC 270 - 283 ?</p>
<p>Norfolk, VA 23510 40 804 623 3111 KEX 340 - 341 1</p>
<p>Oklahoma City, OK 73118 41 405 842 7471 11</p>
<p>Omaha, NE 68102 42 402 348 1210 9</p>
<p>Philadelphia, PA 19106 43 215 629 0800 KEX 640 - 651 7</p>
<p>Phoenix, AZ 85012 44 602 279 5511 6</p>
<p>Pittsburgh, PA 15222 45 412 471 2000 KEX 660 - 679 12</p>
<p>Portland, OR 97201 46 503 224 4181 KEX 720 - 728 6</p>
<p>Richmond, VA 23220 47 804 644 2631 KEX 360 - 369 6</p>
<p>Sacramento, CA 95825 48 916 481 9110 KFP 900 - 910 6</p>
<p>St Louis, MO 63103 49 314 241 5357 5</p>
<p>Salt Lake City, UT 84138 50 801 355 7521 3</p>
<p>San Antonio, TX 78205 51 512 225 6741 KEX 840 - 847 5</p>
<p>San Diego, CA 92188 52 619 231 1122 KEX 680 - ? 4?</p>
<p>San Francisco, CA 94102 53 415 553 7400 KFP 970 - 990 19</p>
<p>San Juan, PR 00918 54 809 754 6000 0</p>
<p>Savannah, GA 31405 55 912 354 9911 KEV 380 - 389 4</p>
<p>Seattle, WA 98174 56 206 622 0460 KOD 220 - 232 9</p>
<p>Springfield, IL 62704 57 217 522 9675 KEX 800 - 812 10</p>
<p>Tampa, FL 33602 58 813 228 7661 KEV 320 - 327 5</p>
<p>Washington, D.C. 20535 59 202 324 3000 KGB 770 0</p>
<p>The list of Field Offices and RA's is not 100% accurate, updates please. The
number of RA's may differ from the call letter assignment block for a given
F.O. because many RA's were closed and consolidated during the Carter and early
Regan administrations. The call letters were assigned prior to their
administrations.</p>
<p>The F.O. call letters will be the first is an assigned block for a given F.O.
Example Cincinnati F.O. call is KQC 390 (or simply 390 as often will be heard)
or Cleveland F.O. call is KEX 740 (740).</p>
<p>The following is a list of Resident Agencies for the primary coverage states of
the AOSC. The list is as of 1 October 1987. I will send a copy of the FBI Field
Office and Resident Agency map for a SASE to those who desire a copy. A list of
RA's may be obtained from the map for your local area. The map will be a copy
of a copy, however it will be fairly legible. Note the two Ohio Field Office
lists are presented later in this column with the detailed Ohio data.</p>
<p>Chicago "CG" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Lisle (Chicago West)
Mount Prospect (Chicago North)
Oakland Park (Chicago South)
Rockford</p>
<p>Frequency Plan:</p>
<p> A-1 167.3375 B-1 167.600
A-2 167.4875 B-2 167.675
A-3 167.425 B-3 167.7375
A-4 167.5625 B-4 167.5625
A-5 163.9875/167.3375 B-5 162.8625/167.600
A-6 Unconfirmed B-6 Unconfirmed
A-7 163.8625/167.5375 B-7 163.8625/167.5375
A-8 163.8375/167.2875 B-8 163.8375/167.2875</p>
<p>Chicago F.O. utilizes 8 banks, A through H. Channel banks C through H are not
confirmed to exact frequencies and usage. There are one way links in the upper
162, lower 164 and upper 165 MHz ranges. The one way links are often a control
station to a repeater site utilizing a directional antenna. The one way links
may also be a point-to-point relay of communications from an outer fringe RA to
the F.O.</p>
<p>Chicago appears to configured similarly as several other F.O.'s in that up to
five other VHF frequencies can be active with 163.9875 simultaneously with the
same radio traffic. Chicago F.O. also still uses some remote VHF receive/UHF
re-transmit link sites, but most are believed to be converted to microwave
links.</p>
<p>Also 167.7625 which Randy Strayer and this editor received via skip between KSC
210 and KSC 216. Channel identified as Bravo 1.</p>
<p>Detroit "DE" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Flint KEX 762
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing
Marquette KEX 767
Mount Clemens
Oakland County
Saginaw
Traverse City KEX 772</p>
<p>Frequencies per MFFD (1986) and others: 163.925/267.2625 R.A. repeater;
163.8875/167.750 F.O. repeater; 163.8625/167.5375R; 167.3125; 167.3625;
167.400; 167.450; 167.500; 167.650; 414.500 is a state-wide UHF link to Detroit
F.O. and 419.250 is believed to a FBI UHF link, continuous tone.</p>
<p>Indianapolis "IP" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Bloomington
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary
Lafayette
Muncie
New Albany KEX 786
South Bend
Terre Haute</p>
<p>Frequencies from the MFFD: 163.9625/167.2125 R.A. repeater and 167.600.</p>
<p>Louisville "LS" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Ashland
Bowling Green
Covington
Elizabethtown
Frankfort
Hopkinsville
Lexington KIA 321
London
Paducah
Pikeville</p>
<p>Frequencies from the MFFD: 163.9375/167.675 R.A. repeater and 167.600.</p>
<p>Philadelphia Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Allentown KEX 645
Harrisburg KEX 641
Landsdale KEX 648
Newtown Square KEX 650
Scranton KEX 643
State College KEX 652
Williamsport KEX 651</p>
<p>Frequencies: 163.9875/167.325R CH 1; 167.7125 CH 2; 167.500 CH 3; 167.5625 CH
4; 167.525 CH 5; 163.9625 ECC-1; 163.8375/167.3875R; 163.9375R; 167.2625;
167.300; 167.325; 167.3375; and 419.325 data/tone.</p>
<p>Pittsburgh "PG" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Beckley (WV)
Charleston (WV)
Clarksburg (WV)
Erie
Greensburg
Huntington (WV)
Johnstown
Martinsburg (WV)
New Castle
Parkersburg (WV)
Washington
Wheeling (WV)</p>
<p>Frequencies per MFFD (1986, no updates since then): 163.925/167.475R R.A.
repeater; 163.950/167.2125 F.O. repeater; 167.6375 and UHF links on 414.025,
414.125, 414.425 and 419.425.</p>
<p>Springfield (IL) Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Alton
Belleville
Bloomington
Carbondale
Champaign
Danville
Decatur
Effingham
Peoria
Rock Island</p>
<p>Frequencies per the MFFD: 163.9125/167.725 R.A. repeater; 167.3625 and 167.625.</p>
<p>Now some miscellaneous data from the files on frequencies and call letters. The
following list of call signs are for NY and NJ state and are from a list dated
in 1981, so be fore told.</p>
<p>Albany F.O.: KEC 250; KEC 254 Watertown; KEC 256 Syracuse; KEC 257 Utica; KEC
258 Burlington (VT); KEC 259 Plattsburgh; and KEC 261 Glens Falls.</p>
<p>Buffalo F.O.: KEX 590; KEX 591 Rochester; KEX 592 Geneva; KEX 593 Jamestown;
and KEX 595 Niagara Falls.</p>
<p>Newark F.O.: KEX 620; Camden KEX 624</p>
<p>NYC F.O.: KEC 270/271; KEC 272 Suffolk; KEC 273 Garden City (NJ); KEC 277 JFK
Airport; KEC 278 Poughkeepsie, NY; KEC 280 Staten Island; KEC 281 Richmond
Hills; and KEC 283 New Rochelle. From a 1988 list I have a KEC 900 for NYC as
well as KEC 270.</p>
<p>Now some frequencies from the input basket contributed by AOSC or NESN (North
East Scanner News - more data at the end of this column) members during 1989 or
1990.</p>
<p>Boston F.O.: Romeo Units (R.A.'s) - 162.7625, 162.7875, 167.2625, 167.3625,
167.5625, 167.600, 167.6625 and 167.7625. Delta Units - 167.2625, 167.3625,
167.4625, 167.600, 167.6625 and 167.7625. Rhode Island - 167.2375, 167.2625,
167.4625, 167.7125 and 167.7625. New Hampshire - 163.9875/167.3625R, also
167.2375 and 167.6125.</p>
<p>Still with Boston from NESN: 163.8375, 163.8875, 163.900 and 163.925/164.125,
163.975/167.275 repeaters. Also 164.150, 167.250, 167.325, 167.425, 167.450,
167.500, 167.6375, and 167.750.</p>
<p>CT/NY FBI - 163.750 NY; 163.8625 CH 6 CT; 163.8875 CT; 164.125 Long Island;
164.150 NY; 167.2375 CT; 167.2625 NY; 167.2875 NY?; 167.3375 Long Island;
167.3875 NY; 167.425 CT primary; 167.4375 CT; 167.4625 NY; 167.5375 CT (note
input to 163.8625 CH 6); 167.5625; 167.600 NY; 167.6875 NY; 167.775 Long
Island; 167.7875 CT; 413.625 NY; 414.075 CT; 414.350 NY "Bronco Base" and
419.350 CT tone. Also note from the previous American Scannergram
169.975/168.850 as a new NYC repeater.</p>
<p>Also several with "?" as follows: 165.925 NY; 167.175 NY; 169.575 NY, possible
FBI/DEA; and 419.250 NY. One other interesting frequency - 170.825 as a U.S.
Marshal/INS/FBI NY "tie-in" frequency.</p>
<p>Charlotte F.O.: 163.9125/? A-1 Greensboro (R.A. repeater)
163.9625/?R, 167.750 and 167.7125.</p>
<p>Knoxville F.O.: A-1 163.9875R Knoxville F.O., also A-5 (probably different
input frequency and/or tone).
A-4 163.8375/167.2375 Chattanooga R.A.
B-5 163.8375/167.400 R.A. repeater, also C-1
C-5 163.8375R R.A. repeater
Johnson City base call is KEV-243
Knoxville Unit Numbers: 99 - Aircraft; mobile units 1 - 69.</p>
<p>Los Angeles F.O.: An excellent complete and detailed listing is available from
Mobile Radio Resources (2661 Carol Drive, San Jose, CA 95125). The FBI in LA
utilizes repeater channels in the 162, 163, 164, and 165 MHZ frequency range.
Inputs can be found in the 167 MHz frequencies. The 165 repeater frequencies
are 167.5875 and 165.7125.</p>
<p>Memphis F.O.: R.A. repeater - 163.9375; F.O. repeater 163.8625</p>
<p>Norfolk F.O.: 163.8375/167.600 F1; 167.2375 F2; 167.4875 F3; and 167.5625 F4.</p>
<p>Richmond F.O.: 163.8875/167.625 Operations Repeater; 167.5625 (note -
nationwide FBI simplex common); 163.8625/167.5375 (note - this is the only
repeater frequency pair that is common nationwide, usually used for SWAT or
special operations - ed.); 414.250 and 419.525 as UHF links.</p>
<p>San Diego F.O. sampling via Mobile Radio Resources Government Radio Systems
directory: Repeaters in the 162, 163, 164 and 165 MHz ranges with the input in
the 167 MHz range. The 165 repeater is on 167.5625 MHz.</p>
<p>San Francisco F.O. sampling via MRS GRS directory: Repeaters in the 163 and 167
MHz frequency ranges with inputs in the 167 and 162 MHz ranges respectively.</p>
<p>Tampa-St. Petersburg from Blaine Brooks: A-2: 167.725; A-3 167.325; A-5
167.3875; A-6 167.275; repeater on 163.9875 and 419.250 UHF satellite receiver
link.</p>
<p>CINCINNATI FIELD OFFICE OPERATIONS</p>
<p>The Cincinnati Field Office originally had nine Resident Agencies which were
located in Athens, Chillicothe, Columbus, Dayton, Hamilton, Portsmouth,
Springfield, Steubenville and Zanesville. The Springfield office is closed and
I am not sure about the Zanesville R.A.</p>
<p>The CI F.O. and R.A.'s radio communication systems are DES (Digital Encryption
Standard) capable and are utilized on a regular basis. CI appears to have a 32
channel DES system in place as testing was monitored during 1988 and 1989. Most
of their frequencies remained the same from the previous DES days. Note that
the CI radios are VHF/UHF mobiles. Refer to the B channel series in the
frequency list.</p>
<p>The signal numbers do not appear to be squad base (logically grouping by
general agent function such as bank robbery squad or drug enforcement, or by
R.A.'s), but rather a numeric numbering scheme starting with 1 and into the low
100's.</p>
<p>The CI F.O./R.A. operations still need some work from our southern Ohio members
as allot of holes and gaps remain. The following profile on CI was mainly made
possible by the efforts of Bill Gillie, Tony Cono, Rick Poorman, another member
who desires to named Mr. Anonymous, and this editor.</p>
<p>NOTE: ALL OHIO data is confirmed unless noted otherwise.</p>
<p>CI Call Letter Assignments</p>
<p> KQC 390 Cincinnati
KQC 391 Dayton
KQC 392 Columbus
KQC 393 Chillicothe
KQC 394 Springfield (closed)
KQC 395 Athens
KQC 396 Hamilton
KQC 397 Portsmouth
KQC 398 Stubenville
KQC 399 Zanesville</p>
<p>CI Frequency Assignments</p>
<p> 167.650 A-1 Operations simplex R.A.'s
167.2375 A-2 " " F.O.
167.4375 A-3 " " division wide
167.5625 A-4 Nationwide common simplex
163.9875/167.650 A-5 Operations Repeater R.A.'s
163.8625/167.5375 A-6 SWAT Repeater
163.8375/167.2375 A-7 Operations Repeater F.O.</p>
<p>The B channels are local option assigned meaning that each office will have a
different set of frequencies. The CI F.O. has Cincinnati PD CH 5, 460.275R,
(B-1); Hamilton County Sheriff, 460.500R, (B-2); and several DEA frequencies.</p>
<p> ??? D-6 and D-8 channel designators heard, but not confirmed.</p>
<p> 163.9875/167.650 ECC-1 (Extended Car-to-Car) repeater R.A.'s
163.8375/167.2375 ECC-2 repeater F.O.
163.8625/167.5375 ECC-3 SWAT/Special Operations nationwide repeater
164.100/? ? Repeater heard with CI units</p>
<p> 167.325, 167.600, 167.625, 167.6625, 167.6875 and 167.725: Simplex
operations.</p>
<p> 412.575 - Xenia, Greene County UHF Repeater link
419.300 - New Vienna, Highland County UHF Repeater link
419.500 - Macon, Brown County UHF Repeater link</p>
<p> 168.000 - possibly a VHF one-way link.</p>
<p>CI Signal Numbering</p>
<p> 390 Signals: 1, 2, 3, 20, 22, 24, 53, 71, 72, 77, 90, 106, 133, 141 and
148.
391 Signals: 11 (SAIC), 18, 26, 29, 33, 43, 45, 49, 51, 52, 61, 64, 72,
75, 78, 91, 112, 137, 158 and 159.
392 Signals: 5 (SAIC), 6, 23, 34, 38, 40, 41, 42, 50, 54, 56, 65, 69, 73,
75, 82, 88, 93, 98, 100, 103, 104, 105, 108, 112, 113, 114,
116, 117, 122, 125, 147, 157, 166 and 225?
393 Signals: 71
397 Signals: 27 (SAIC)
398 Signals: 95 and 96.</p>
<p> Sometimes units may only use their last two digits, such as 14 or 17
instead of 114 or 117. Unit 90 usually in a helicopter or may be a helicopter.
Unit The MFFD has units in the 200's as surveillance vans/vehicles and units
in the 400's as surveillance air vehicles. Also we have report that unit 500 is
a surveillance aircraft.</p>
<p>CLEVELAND FIELD OFFICE OPERATIONS</p>
<p>The Cleveland Field Office originally had 10 Resident Agencies located in
Akron, Canton, Elyria, Lima, Mansfield, Mentor, Painesville, Sandusky, Toledo
and Youngstown. The Mentor R.A. currently is the only R.A. out of service in
the CV division.</p>
<p>The CV F.O. And R.A.'s radio communication system is DES capable and utilized
quite often in the DES mode. The CV F.O. has been in DES since the mid-eighties
on a limited basis and a full system since early 1989. The CV system appears to
be a 64 channel system which was implemented during the latter part of 1989.</p>
<p>The CV division utilizes a squad numbering scheme for assignment of signal
numbers. There are still a few holes in the numbering, but for the most part it
is complete.</p>
<p>CV Call Letter Assignment</p>
<p> KEX 740 Cleveland
KEX 741 Akron
KEX 742 Toledo
KEX 743 Youngstown
KEX 744 Painesville
KEX 745 Elyria
KEX 746 Mentor (closed)
KEX 747 Lima
KEX 748 Mansfield
KEX 749 Canton
KEX 750 Sandusky</p>
<p>CV Frequency Assignments</p>
<p> 167.675 A-1 Operations Simplex F.O.
167.4125/167.7375 A-2 S.O.G. Repeater (Special Operations Group)
167.7875 A-3 S.O.G. Simplex; Operations Simplex
167.5625 A-4 Nationwide Common
164.100/167.2875 A-5 S.O.G. repeater
163.9125/167.675 A-6 Operations Repeater
163.8625/167.5375 A-7 (?) SWAT Repeater
154.935 A-8 Ohio LEERN</p>
<p> 167.425 B-1 R.A. Simplex
167.5625 B-4 Simplex
163.875/167.425 B-5 R.A. Operations Repeater
155.370 B-6 Ohio Intercity</p>
<p> 167.3375/162.7375 C-2 Canton Operations Repeater
167.3375/? C-3 " " "
167.3875/? C-4 Mansfield " "
167.7875/167.7375 C-7 CV Repeater</p>
<p> 167.425 D-1 R.A. Simplex
163.875/167.425 D-4 R.A. Repeater
??? D-7 Akron simplex, not confirmed</p>
<p> 167.7625 G-1 Akron Operations Simplex
167.7625/162.7625 G-2 Akron R.A. Operations Repeater
167.3625 G-3 Painesville Simplex (?)</p>
<p> The F bank is believed to be local option. No E or H bank references.</p>
<p>Confirmed frequency list:</p>
<p> 162.7375 Canton B/M input to 167.3375 repeater
162.7625 Akron " " to 167.7625 "
163.8625/167.5375 CV SWAT Repeater
163.875/167.425 R.A. Repeater
163.9125/167.675 CV F.O. Repeater
164.100/167.2875 S.O.G. Repeater
167.100 Simplex
167.2125 CV simplex
167.2375 Akron simplex
167.2625 " "
167.2875 CV simplex; input to 164.100
167.3375/162.7375 Canton R.A. Repeater
167.3375/? Lima, Sandusky, Toledo R.A. Repeater
167.3625/162.7625 Akron, Painesville R.A. Repeater
167.3625 Akron, Painesville Simplex
167.3875/? Mansfield Operations Repeater
167.4125/167.7375 CV S.O.G. Repeater
167.425 R.A. Simplex; input to 163.875
167.4625 Mansfield Simplex
167.5125 CV Simplex
167.5375 Input to 163.8625
167.5625 Common simplex
167.675 CV Simplex; input to 163.9125
167.7375 CV Simplex AND CV Repeater
167.7625/162.7625 Akron R.A. repeater
167.7875 CV Simplex and CV Repeater</p>
<p>That is 22 unique confirmed frequencies and there are probably more out there
in CV. Also try 168.000 as it may be a VHF fixed one-way link.</p>
<p>Several frequencies come active with the same traffic at times, namely
167.4125, 167.7375 and 167.7875, and at times 164.100 also!</p>
<p>CV Signal Numbering</p>
<p> 1-99 Administration
100 - 199 Exact function(s) not confirmed
200 - 299 Gambling Squad
300 - 399 Bank Robbery Squad; Kidnapping Squad; Extortion Cases
400 - 499 Drug Enforcement Squad
500 - 599 Organized Crime Task Force; S.O.G. personnel
600 - 699 Exact function(s) not confirmed
assists w/kidnapping cases, surveillances
700 - 739 Assistant U.S. Attorney's; others?
740 - 750 Base Station Calls
800 - 899 SWAT; Foreign Counterintelligence; O.C.T.F.
900 - 999 Akron, Painesville R.A.'s
Akron - 900, 901, 902, 904, 906, 921 - 929
Painesville - 903, 920, 930
1000 - 1099 Canton and Mansfield R.A.'s
Canton - 1000 to 1010; 1030 to 1040
Mansfield - 1005, 1032 and 1033
1100 - 1199 Sandusky and Toledo R.A.'s
Sandusky - 1121 - 1129
Toledo - 1100 - 1119, 1130
1200 - 1299 Youngstown R.A. - 1200 to 1209 and 1220 to 1232.
1300 - 1399 Radio Technicians and Vehicle Maintenance
Radio Techs - 1302, 1303, 1304, 1307 and 1319
Vehicle Maintenance - 1300, 1301, 1305, 1306 and 1318.</p>
<p>FBI COMMON FREQUENCY RANGES</p>
<p>I suggest searching the following frequency ranges for FBI radio activity. Note
that in many areas across the U.S. the FBI have picked up many traditional
non-FBI frequencies. Originally the Department of Justice had only 82 VHf
frequencies assigned for ALL of its members, let alone just the FBI. The FBI
originally had less than 40 of the 82 frequencies for their exclusive use.</p>
<p>During the change over to DES nationwide, the FBI has received additional
frequencies from other branches and departments who did not utilize or need
them. In the NE region the FBI received 110 VHF frequencies - almost 300%
increase in the number of frequencies available. The early days saw the FBI in
the 163 MHz range for repeaters and the 167 MHz range for simplex operations.</p>
<p>Limit your search to 500 KHz at a time, certainly no more than a 1 MHz. The
following are common ranges reported nationwide:</p>
<p> 162.6125 - 162.7875 Repeater Inputs; Outputs; 12.5KHz steps
163.825 - 163.9875 Repeater Outputs; 12.5KHz steps
164.000 - 164.500 Repeater Outputs; 25KHz steps
165.5125 - 165.900 Repeater Outputs; 12.5KHz steps
167.100 - 167.7875 Repeater Inputs; Outputs; Simplex; 12.5KHz steps
168.825 - 169.000 Repeater Inputs; 25KHz steps
169.825 - 169.975 Repeater Outputs; 25KHz steps</p>
<p>FBI COMMON TEN CODES</p>
<p> 10-0 Negative 10-29 O.L. Check
10-4 Affirmative 10-42 Residence
10-7 Out-of-Service 10-58 Mileage
10-8 In-Service 10-66 Alarm (?)
10-9 Repeat 10-76 Enroute
10-16 Message Check 10-77 Bank Alarm
10-20 Location 10-85 Meet w/agent ...
10-21 Telephone Call 10-90 Bank Robbery
10-22 Report to Office 10-91 BR In Progress
10-23 Stand-By 10-99 Assist Agent
10-26 N.C.I.C. Check
10-28 Registration check</p>
<p>FBI COMMON CODE WORDS</p>
<p>ASAIC - Assistant Special Agent In Charge
AUSA - Assistant U.S. Attorney
Big K - K-Mart
Bird Dog - Surveillance Aircraft
C.I. - Confidential Informant
Diaper Change - Changing of battery (bug or trailing transmitter)
ECC - Extended Car-to-Car
FCI - Foreign Counter Intelligence
Half Signal - An Agent's spouse
H.T. - Handi-Talkies
In-the-Pocket - Subject in surveillance net
Intel - Intelligence
KEL - Manufacturer of Surveillance equipment
Main Man - Primary subject under surveillance/investigation
Mickey D's - McDonald's
Nest - Off-site office from F.O./R.A. for S.O.G. and Undercover Agents
No Joy - Negative Communications
O, The - The Office
OCTF - Organized Crime Task Force
Other Side - DES mode
Out-of-Pocket - Subject not currently under surveillance
Outside Agency - News Media
Package - Suspect or item under surveillance
Plank - Bridge
Private - DES Mode
Private Side - DES Mode
Port - Motel
Quarter Signal - An Agent's child
RA - Resident Agency
Rabbit - Subject under surveillance
Rabbit Tracks - subject on the move
R.D.O.- Regular Day Off
Red Balled - Stopped at traffic light w/subject
Red Boarded - " " " " ; subject not stopped
Road Runner - Surveillance Aircraft
SAIC - Special Agent In Charge
Signal - A field agent
S.O.G. - Special Operations Group
S.W. - Search Warrant
SWAT - Special Weapons and Tactics
Ten Check - Message Check
Unit - A vehicle
USA - U.S. Attorney
Wagon - Surveillance Van
Wire - Body Transmitter</p>
<p>FEDERAL NEWS - FBI</p>
<p>The FCC has established a nationwide radio frequency for stolen vehicle
tracking systems operating on the frequency of 173.025. The frequency was
reported as a FBI assignment (wouldn't we like to see the exact frequency
assignment chart?) Nationwide. Perhaps this frequency was used for wireless
microphones or bugs, and if so perhaps others operate on nearby similar
frequencies. Give it a listen and let us know.</p>
<p>The FBI Academy, located 40 miles south of Washington, is the host to the most
crime ridden town in the United States - Hogan's Alley. Hogan's Alley is a
"Hollywood" town with a motel, bank, post office, drug store, laundry and even
a theater. It is used as a training ground for FBI agent trainees. Various
scenarios are enacted under the careful eyes of supervisors. The trainees
performance are evaluated with each exercise.</p>
<p>One thing about Hogan's Alley - it has a 100% success rate in solving of cases,
pretty impressive. Something that is not pretty impressive about the FBI is the
starting pay agents earn. According to a 8 January 1990 U.S. News and World
Report quirk the starting pay of a FBI agent is $26,261. Consider that an agent
does not choice his assignment location, the agent could be placed in a very
high cost of living area. Placement in certain cities such as NYC offer
slightly more pay, however it is not enough for the work that they perform for
all of us. Yet even worse is the pay for DEA agents $19,493 to $23,846.</p>
<p>The Congress is aware of these low salaries (after all they, the Congressmen
and Senators literally took care of themselves) and will hopefully rectify the
problem this year.
</xml>

560
regexConsp/aosc_fbi.xml
View File

@ -90,125 +90,125 @@ The following list of the field offices and associated data was generated by
data contributed from several readers who wish to remain anonymous and from
this editor.</p>
<p>Location F.O. Telephone No. Call Letters RA's</p>
<p>Location F.O. Telephone No. Call Letters RA's</p>
<p>Albany, NY 12201 1 518 465 7551 KEC 250 - 262 8</p>
<p>Albany, NY 12201 1 518 465 7551 KEC 250 - 262 8</p>
<p>Albuquerque, NM 87102 2 505 247 1555 6</p>
<p>Albuquerque, NM 87102 2 505 247 1555 6</p>
<p>Alexandria, VA 3 KFQ 240 - 244 3</p>
<p>Alexandria, VA 3 KFQ 240 - 244 3</p>
<p>Anchorage, AK 99513 4 907 276 4441 2</p>
<p>Anchorage, AK 99513 4 907 276 4441 2</p>
<p>Atlanta, GA 30303 5 404 521 3900 KIE 300 - 311 8</p>
<p>Atlanta, GA 30303 5 404 521 3900 KIE 300 - 311 8</p>
<p>Baltimore, MD 21207 6 301 265 8080 KGB 747 - 756 9</p>
<p>Baltimore, MD 21207 6 301 265 8080 KGB 747 - 756 9</p>
<p>Birmingham, AL 35203 7 205 252 7705 5</p>
<p>Birmingham, AL 35203 7 205 252 7705 5</p>
<p>Boston, MA 02203 8 617 742 5533 KCB 800 - 814 12</p>
<p>Boston, MA 02203 8 617 742 5533 KCB 800 - 814 12</p>
<p>Buffalo, NY 14202 9 716 856 7800 KEX 590 - 595 3</p>
<p>Buffalo, NY 14202 9 716 856 7800 KEX 590 - 595 3</p>
<p>Butte, MT 59702 10 406 782 2304 13</p>
<p>Butte, MT 59702 10 406 782 2304 13</p>
<p>Charlotte, NC 28217 11 704 529 1030 KEV 220 - 228 8</p>
<p>Charlotte, NC 28217 11 704 529 1030 KEV 220 - 228 8</p>
<p>Chicago, IL 60604 12 312 431 1333 KSC 210 - 217 4</p>
<p>Chicago, IL 60604 12 312 431 1333 KSC 210 - 217 4</p>
<p>Cincinnati, OH 45202 13 513 421 4310 KQC 390 - 399 8</p>
<p>Cincinnati, OH 45202 13 513 421 4310 KQC 390 - 399 8</p>
<p>Cleveland, OH 44199 14 216 522 1400 KEX 740 - 750 9</p>
<p>Cleveland, OH 44199 14 216 522 1400 KEX 740 - 750 9</p>
<p>Columbia, SC 29201 15 803 254 3011 KEX 820 - 830 8</p>
<p>Columbia, SC 29201 15 803 254 3011 KEX 820 - 830 8</p>
<p>Dallas, TX 75202 16 214 720 2200 8</p>
<p>Dallas, TX 75202 16 214 720 2200 8</p>
<p>Denver, CO 80202 17 303 629 7171 7</p>
<p>Denver, CO 80202 17 303 629 7171 7</p>
<p>Detroit, MI 48226 18 313 965 2323 KEX 760 - 772 12</p>
<p>Detroit, MI 48226 18 313 965 2323 KEX 760 - 772 12</p>
<p>El Paso, TX 79901 19 915 533 7451 1</p>
<p>El Paso, TX 79901 19 915 533 7451 1</p>
<p>Honolulu, HI 96850 20 808 521 1411 0</p>
<p>Honolulu, HI 96850 20 808 521 1411 0</p>
<p>Houston, TX 77008 21 713 868 2266 3</p>
<p>Houston, TX 77008 21 713 868 2266 3</p>
<p>Indianapolis, IN 46204 22 317 639 3301 KEX 780 - 790 9</p>
<p>Indianapolis, IN 46204 22 317 639 3301 KEX 780 - 790 9</p>
<p>Jackson, MS 39269 23 601 948 5000 9</p>
<p>Jackson, MS 39269 23 601 948 5000 9</p>
<p>Jacksonville, FL 32211 24 904 721 1211 7</p>
<p>Jacksonville, FL 32211 24 904 721 1211 7</p>
<p>Kansas City, MO 64106 25 816 221 6100 KEX 570 - 582 9</p>
<p>Kansas City, MO 64106 25 816 221 6100 KEX 570 - 582 9</p>
<p>Knoxville, TN 37902 26 615 544 0751 KEV 240 - 246 6</p>
<p>Knoxville, TN 37902 26 615 544 0751 KEV 240 - 246 6</p>
<p>Las Vegas, NV 89104 27 702 385 1281 2</p>
<p>Las Vegas, NV 89104 27 702 385 1281 2</p>
<p>Little Rock, AR 72211 28 501 221 9100 KFQ 200 - 208 7</p>
<p>Little Rock, AR 72211 28 501 221 9100 KFQ 200 - 208 7</p>
<p>Los Angeles, CA 90024 29 213 477 6565 KMC 250 - 275 25</p>
<p>Los Angeles, CA 90024 29 213 477 6565 KMC 250 - 275 25</p>
<p>Louisville, KY 40202 30 502 583 3941 KIA 320 - 332 12</p>
<p>Louisville, KY 40202 30 502 583 3941 KIA 320 - 332 12</p>
<p>Memphis, TN 38103 31 901 525 7373 6</p>
<p>Memphis, TN 38103 31 901 525 7373 6</p>
<p>Miami, FL 33169 32 305 944 9101 KEV 300 - 305 4</p>
<p>Miami, FL 33169 32 305 944 9101 KEV 300 - 305 4</p>
<p>Milwaukee, WI 53202 33 414 276 4684 KSC 220 - 228 6</p>
<p>Milwaukee, WI 53202 33 414 276 4684 KSC 220 - 228 6</p>
<p>Minneapolis, MN 55401 34 612 339 7861 14</p>
<p>Minneapolis, MN 55401 34 612 339 7861 14</p>
<p>Mobile, AL 36602 35 205 438 3674 5</p>
<p>Mobile, AL 36602 35 205 438 3674 5</p>
<p>Newark, NJ 07102 36 201 622 5613 KEX 620 - 628 6</p>
<p>Newark, NJ 07102 36 201 622 5613 KEX 620 - 628 6</p>
<p>New Haven, CT 06510 37 203 777 6311 KEX 600 - 606 4</p>
<p>New Haven, CT 06510 37 203 777 6311 KEX 600 - 606 4</p>
<p>New Orleans, LA 70113 38 504 522 4671 6</p>
<p>New Orleans, LA 70113 38 504 522 4671 6</p>
<p>New York, NY 10278 39 212 553 2700 KEC 270 - 283 ?</p>
<p>New York, NY 10278 39 212 553 2700 KEC 270 - 283 ?</p>
<p>Norfolk, VA 23510 40 804 623 3111 KEX 340 - 341 1</p>
<p>Norfolk, VA 23510 40 804 623 3111 KEX 340 - 341 1</p>
<p>Oklahoma City, OK 73118 41 405 842 7471 11</p>
<p>Oklahoma City, OK 73118 41 405 842 7471 11</p>
<p>Omaha, NE 68102 42 402 348 1210 9</p>
<p>Omaha, NE 68102 42 402 348 1210 9</p>
<p>Philadelphia, PA 19106 43 215 629 0800 KEX 640 - 651 7</p>
<p>Philadelphia, PA 19106 43 215 629 0800 KEX 640 - 651 7</p>
<p>Phoenix, AZ 85012 44 602 279 5511 6</p>
<p>Phoenix, AZ 85012 44 602 279 5511 6</p>
<p>Pittsburgh, PA 15222 45 412 471 2000 KEX 660 - 679 12</p>
<p>Pittsburgh, PA 15222 45 412 471 2000 KEX 660 - 679 12</p>
<p>Portland, OR 97201 46 503 224 4181 KEX 720 - 728 6</p>
<p>Portland, OR 97201 46 503 224 4181 KEX 720 - 728 6</p>
<p>Richmond, VA 23220 47 804 644 2631 KEX 360 - 369 6</p>
<p>Richmond, VA 23220 47 804 644 2631 KEX 360 - 369 6</p>
<p>Sacramento, CA 95825 48 916 481 9110 KFP 900 - 910 6</p>
<p>Sacramento, CA 95825 48 916 481 9110 KFP 900 - 910 6</p>
<p>St Louis, MO 63103 49 314 241 5357 5</p>
<p>St Louis, MO 63103 49 314 241 5357 5</p>
<p>Salt Lake City, UT 84138 50 801 355 7521 3</p>
<p>Salt Lake City, UT 84138 50 801 355 7521 3</p>
<p>San Antonio, TX 78205 51 512 225 6741 KEX 840 - 847 5</p>
<p>San Antonio, TX 78205 51 512 225 6741 KEX 840 - 847 5</p>
<p>San Diego, CA 92188 52 619 231 1122 KEX 680 - ? 4?</p>
<p>San Diego, CA 92188 52 619 231 1122 KEX 680 - ? 4?</p>
<p>San Francisco, CA 94102 53 415 553 7400 KFP 970 - 990 19</p>
<p>San Francisco, CA 94102 53 415 553 7400 KFP 970 - 990 19</p>
<p>San Juan, PR 00918 54 809 754 6000 0</p>
<p>San Juan, PR 00918 54 809 754 6000 0</p>
<p>Savannah, GA 31405 55 912 354 9911 KEV 380 - 389 4</p>
<p>Savannah, GA 31405 55 912 354 9911 KEV 380 - 389 4</p>
<p>Seattle, WA 98174 56 206 622 0460 KOD 220 - 232 9</p>
<p>Seattle, WA 98174 56 206 622 0460 KOD 220 - 232 9</p>
<p>Springfield, IL 62704 57 217 522 9675 KEX 800 - 812 10</p>
<p>Springfield, IL 62704 57 217 522 9675 KEX 800 - 812 10</p>
<p>Tampa, FL 33602 58 813 228 7661 KEV 320 - 327 5</p>
<p>Tampa, FL 33602 58 813 228 7661 KEV 320 - 327 5</p>
<p>Washington, D.C. 20535 59 202 324 3000 KGB 770 0</p>
<p>Washington, D.C. 20535 59 202 324 3000 KGB 770 0</p>
<p>The list of Field Offices and RA's is not 100% accurate, updates please. The
number of RA's may differ from the call letter assignment block for a given
@ -229,21 +229,21 @@ lists are presented later in this column with the detailed Ohio data.</p>
<p>Chicago "CG" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Lisle (Chicago West)
Mount Prospect (Chicago North)
Oakland Park (Chicago South)
Rockford</p>
<p> Lisle (Chicago West)
Mount Prospect (Chicago North)
Oakland Park (Chicago South)
Rockford</p>
<p>Frequency Plan:</p>
<p> A-1 167.3375 B-1 167.600
A-2 167.4875 B-2 167.675
A-3 167.425 B-3 167.7375
A-4 167.5625 B-4 167.5625
A-5 163.9875/167.3375 B-5 162.8625/167.600
A-6 Unconfirmed B-6 Unconfirmed
A-7 163.8625/167.5375 B-7 163.8625/167.5375
A-8 163.8375/167.2875 B-8 163.8375/167.2875</p>
<p> A-1 167.3375 B-1 167.600
A-2 167.4875 B-2 167.675
A-3 167.425 B-3 167.7375
A-4 167.5625 B-4 167.5625
A-5 163.9875/167.3375 B-5 162.8625/167.600
A-6 Unconfirmed B-6 Unconfirmed
A-7 163.8625/167.5375 B-7 163.8625/167.5375
A-8 163.8375/167.2875 B-8 163.8375/167.2875</p>
<p>Chicago F.O. utilizes 8 banks, A through H. Channel banks C through H are not
confirmed to exact frequencies and usage. There are one way links in the upper
@ -263,18 +263,18 @@ links.</p>
<p>Detroit "DE" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Flint KEX 762
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing
Marquette KEX 767
Mount Clemens
Oakland County
Saginaw
Traverse City KEX 772</p>
<p> Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Flint KEX 762
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing
Marquette KEX 767
Mount Clemens
Oakland County
Saginaw
Traverse City KEX 772</p>
<p>Frequencies per MFFD (1986) and others: 163.925/267.2625 R.A. repeater;
163.8875/167.750 F.O. repeater; 163.8625/167.5375R; 167.3125; 167.3625;
@ -283,42 +283,42 @@ F.O. and 419.250 is believed to a FBI UHF link, continuous tone.</p>
<p>Indianapolis "IP" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Bloomington
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary
Lafayette
Muncie
New Albany KEX 786
South Bend
Terre Haute</p>
<p> Bloomington
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary
Lafayette
Muncie
New Albany KEX 786
South Bend
Terre Haute</p>
<p>Frequencies from the MFFD: 163.9625/167.2125 R.A. repeater and 167.600.</p>
<p>Louisville "LS" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Ashland
Bowling Green
Covington
Elizabethtown
Frankfort
Hopkinsville
Lexington KIA 321
London
Paducah
Pikeville</p>
<p> Ashland
Bowling Green
Covington
Elizabethtown
Frankfort
Hopkinsville
Lexington KIA 321
London
Paducah
Pikeville</p>
<p>Frequencies from the MFFD: 163.9375/167.675 R.A. repeater and 167.600.</p>
<p>Philadelphia Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Allentown KEX 645
Harrisburg KEX 641
Landsdale KEX 648
Newtown Square KEX 650
Scranton KEX 643
State College KEX 652
Williamsport KEX 651</p>
<p> Allentown KEX 645
Harrisburg KEX 641
Landsdale KEX 648
Newtown Square KEX 650
Scranton KEX 643
State College KEX 652
Williamsport KEX 651</p>
<p>Frequencies: 163.9875/167.325R CH 1; 167.7125 CH 2; 167.500 CH 3; 167.5625 CH
4; 167.525 CH 5; 163.9625 ECC-1; 163.8375/167.3875R; 163.9375R; 167.2625;
@ -326,18 +326,18 @@ F.O. and 419.250 is believed to a FBI UHF link, continuous tone.</p>
<p>Pittsburgh "PG" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Beckley (WV)
Charleston (WV)
Clarksburg (WV)
Erie
Greensburg
Huntington (WV)
Johnstown
Martinsburg (WV)
New Castle
Parkersburg (WV)
Washington
Wheeling (WV)</p>
<p> Beckley (WV)
Charleston (WV)
Clarksburg (WV)
Erie
Greensburg
Huntington (WV)
Johnstown
Martinsburg (WV)
New Castle
Parkersburg (WV)
Washington
Wheeling (WV)</p>
<p>Frequencies per MFFD (1986, no updates since then): 163.925/167.475R R.A.
repeater; 163.950/167.2125 F.O. repeater; 167.6375 and UHF links on 414.025,
@ -345,16 +345,16 @@ repeater; 163.950/167.2125 F.O. repeater; 167.6375 and UHF links on 414.025,
<p>Springfield (IL) Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Alton
Belleville
Bloomington
Carbondale
Champaign
Danville
Decatur
Effingham
Peoria
Rock Island</p>
<p> Alton
Belleville
Bloomington
Carbondale
Champaign
Danville
Decatur
Effingham
Peoria
Rock Island</p>
<p>Frequencies per the MFFD: 163.9125/167.725 R.A. repeater; 167.3625 and 167.625.</p>
@ -401,14 +401,14 @@ Island; 167.7875 CT; 413.625 NY; 414.075 CT; 414.350 NY "Bronco Base" and
FBI/DEA; and 419.250 NY. One other interesting frequency - 170.825 as a U.S.
Marshal/INS/FBI NY "tie-in" frequency.</p>
<p>Charlotte F.O.: 163.9125/? A-1 Greensboro (R.A. repeater)
163.9625/?R, 167.750 and 167.7125.</p>
<p>Charlotte F.O.: 163.9125/? A-1 Greensboro (R.A. repeater)
163.9625/?R, 167.750 and 167.7125.</p>
<p>Knoxville F.O.: A-1 163.9875R Knoxville F.O., also A-5 (probably different
input frequency and/or tone).
A-4 163.8375/167.2375 Chattanooga R.A.
B-5 163.8375/167.400 R.A. repeater, also C-1
C-5 163.8375R R.A. repeater
A-4 163.8375/167.2375 Chattanooga R.A.
B-5 163.8375/167.400 R.A. repeater, also C-1
C-5 163.8375R R.A. repeater
Johnson City base call is KEV-243
Knoxville Unit Numbers: 99 - Aircraft; mobile units 1 - 69.</p>
@ -466,61 +466,61 @@ who desires to named Mr. Anonymous, and this editor.</p>
<p>CI Call Letter Assignments</p>
<p> KQC 390 Cincinnati
KQC 391 Dayton
KQC 392 Columbus
KQC 393 Chillicothe
KQC 394 Springfield (closed)
KQC 395 Athens
KQC 396 Hamilton
KQC 397 Portsmouth
KQC 398 Stubenville
KQC 399 Zanesville</p>
<p> KQC 390 Cincinnati
KQC 391 Dayton
KQC 392 Columbus
KQC 393 Chillicothe
KQC 394 Springfield (closed)
KQC 395 Athens
KQC 396 Hamilton
KQC 397 Portsmouth
KQC 398 Stubenville
KQC 399 Zanesville</p>
<p>CI Frequency Assignments</p>
<p> 167.650 A-1 Operations simplex R.A.'s
167.2375 A-2 " " F.O.
167.4375 A-3 " " division wide
167.5625 A-4 Nationwide common simplex
163.9875/167.650 A-5 Operations Repeater R.A.'s
163.8625/167.5375 A-6 SWAT Repeater
163.8375/167.2375 A-7 Operations Repeater F.O.</p>
<p> 167.650 A-1 Operations simplex R.A.'s
167.2375 A-2 " " F.O.
167.4375 A-3 " " division wide
167.5625 A-4 Nationwide common simplex
163.9875/167.650 A-5 Operations Repeater R.A.'s
163.8625/167.5375 A-6 SWAT Repeater
163.8375/167.2375 A-7 Operations Repeater F.O.</p>
<p>The B channels are local option assigned meaning that each office will have a
different set of frequencies. The CI F.O. has Cincinnati PD CH 5, 460.275R,
(B-1); Hamilton County Sheriff, 460.500R, (B-2); and several DEA frequencies.</p>
<p> ??? D-6 and D-8 channel designators heard, but not confirmed.</p>
<p> ??? D-6 and D-8 channel designators heard, but not confirmed.</p>
<p> 163.9875/167.650 ECC-1 (Extended Car-to-Car) repeater R.A.'s
163.8375/167.2375 ECC-2 repeater F.O.
163.8625/167.5375 ECC-3 SWAT/Special Operations nationwide repeater
164.100/? ? Repeater heard with CI units</p>
<p> 163.9875/167.650 ECC-1 (Extended Car-to-Car) repeater R.A.'s
163.8375/167.2375 ECC-2 repeater F.O.
163.8625/167.5375 ECC-3 SWAT/Special Operations nationwide repeater
164.100/? ? Repeater heard with CI units</p>
<p> 167.325, 167.600, 167.625, 167.6625, 167.6875 and 167.725: Simplex
<p> 167.325, 167.600, 167.625, 167.6625, 167.6875 and 167.725: Simplex
operations.</p>
<p> 412.575 - Xenia, Greene County UHF Repeater link
419.300 - New Vienna, Highland County UHF Repeater link
419.500 - Macon, Brown County UHF Repeater link</p>
<p> 412.575 - Xenia, Greene County UHF Repeater link
419.300 - New Vienna, Highland County UHF Repeater link
419.500 - Macon, Brown County UHF Repeater link</p>
<p> 168.000 - possibly a VHF one-way link.</p>
<p> 168.000 - possibly a VHF one-way link.</p>
<p>CI Signal Numbering</p>
<p> 390 Signals: 1, 2, 3, 20, 22, 24, 53, 71, 72, 77, 90, 106, 133, 141 and
148.
391 Signals: 11 (SAIC), 18, 26, 29, 33, 43, 45, 49, 51, 52, 61, 64, 72,
75, 78, 91, 112, 137, 158 and 159.
392 Signals: 5 (SAIC), 6, 23, 34, 38, 40, 41, 42, 50, 54, 56, 65, 69, 73,
75, 82, 88, 93, 98, 100, 103, 104, 105, 108, 112, 113, 114,
116, 117, 122, 125, 147, 157, 166 and 225?
393 Signals: 71
397 Signals: 27 (SAIC)
398 Signals: 95 and 96.</p>
<p> 390 Signals: 1, 2, 3, 20, 22, 24, 53, 71, 72, 77, 90, 106, 133, 141 and
148.
391 Signals: 11 (SAIC), 18, 26, 29, 33, 43, 45, 49, 51, 52, 61, 64, 72,
75, 78, 91, 112, 137, 158 and 159.
392 Signals: 5 (SAIC), 6, 23, 34, 38, 40, 41, 42, 50, 54, 56, 65, 69, 73,
75, 82, 88, 93, 98, 100, 103, 104, 105, 108, 112, 113, 114,
116, 117, 122, 125, 147, 157, 166 and 225?
393 Signals: 71
397 Signals: 27 (SAIC)
398 Signals: 95 and 96.</p>
<p> Sometimes units may only use their last two digits, such as 14 or 17
<p> Sometimes units may only use their last two digits, such as 14 or 17
instead of 114 or 117. Unit 90 usually in a helicopter or may be a helicopter.
Unit The MFFD has units in the 200's as surveillance vans/vehicles and units
in the 400's as surveillance air vehicles. Also we have report that unit 500 is
@ -544,77 +544,77 @@ is complete.</p>
<p>CV Call Letter Assignment</p>
<p> KEX 740 Cleveland
KEX 741 Akron
KEX 742 Toledo
KEX 743 Youngstown
KEX 744 Painesville
KEX 745 Elyria
KEX 746 Mentor (closed)
KEX 747 Lima
KEX 748 Mansfield
KEX 749 Canton
KEX 750 Sandusky</p>
<p> KEX 740 Cleveland
KEX 741 Akron
KEX 742 Toledo
KEX 743 Youngstown
KEX 744 Painesville
KEX 745 Elyria
KEX 746 Mentor (closed)
KEX 747 Lima
KEX 748 Mansfield
KEX 749 Canton
KEX 750 Sandusky</p>
<p>CV Frequency Assignments</p>
<p> 167.675 A-1 Operations Simplex F.O.
167.4125/167.7375 A-2 S.O.G. Repeater (Special Operations Group)
167.7875 A-3 S.O.G. Simplex; Operations Simplex
167.5625 A-4 Nationwide Common
164.100/167.2875 A-5 S.O.G. repeater
163.9125/167.675 A-6 Operations Repeater
163.8625/167.5375 A-7 (?) SWAT Repeater
154.935 A-8 Ohio LEERN</p>
<p> 167.675 A-1 Operations Simplex F.O.
167.4125/167.7375 A-2 S.O.G. Repeater (Special Operations Group)
167.7875 A-3 S.O.G. Simplex; Operations Simplex
167.5625 A-4 Nationwide Common
164.100/167.2875 A-5 S.O.G. repeater
163.9125/167.675 A-6 Operations Repeater
163.8625/167.5375 A-7 (?) SWAT Repeater
154.935 A-8 Ohio LEERN</p>
<p> 167.425 B-1 R.A. Simplex
167.5625 B-4 Simplex
163.875/167.425 B-5 R.A. Operations Repeater
155.370 B-6 Ohio Intercity</p>
<p> 167.425 B-1 R.A. Simplex
167.5625 B-4 Simplex
163.875/167.425 B-5 R.A. Operations Repeater
155.370 B-6 Ohio Intercity</p>
<p> 167.3375/162.7375 C-2 Canton Operations Repeater
167.3375/? C-3 " " "
167.3875/? C-4 Mansfield " "
167.7875/167.7375 C-7 CV Repeater</p>
<p> 167.3375/162.7375 C-2 Canton Operations Repeater
167.3375/? C-3 " " "
167.3875/? C-4 Mansfield " "
167.7875/167.7375 C-7 CV Repeater</p>
<p> 167.425 D-1 R.A. Simplex
163.875/167.425 D-4 R.A. Repeater
??? D-7 Akron simplex, not confirmed</p>
<p> 167.425 D-1 R.A. Simplex
163.875/167.425 D-4 R.A. Repeater
??? D-7 Akron simplex, not confirmed</p>
<p> 167.7625 G-1 Akron Operations Simplex
167.7625/162.7625 G-2 Akron R.A. Operations Repeater
167.3625 G-3 Painesville Simplex (?)</p>
<p> 167.7625 G-1 Akron Operations Simplex
167.7625/162.7625 G-2 Akron R.A. Operations Repeater
167.3625 G-3 Painesville Simplex (?)</p>
<p> The F bank is believed to be local option. No E or H bank references.</p>
<p> The F bank is believed to be local option. No E or H bank references.</p>
<p>Confirmed frequency list:</p>
<p> 162.7375 Canton B/M input to 167.3375 repeater
162.7625 Akron " " to 167.7625 "
163.8625/167.5375 CV SWAT Repeater
163.875/167.425 R.A. Repeater
163.9125/167.675 CV F.O. Repeater
164.100/167.2875 S.O.G. Repeater
167.100 Simplex
167.2125 CV simplex
167.2375 Akron simplex
167.2625 " "
167.2875 CV simplex; input to 164.100
167.3375/162.7375 Canton R.A. Repeater
167.3375/? Lima, Sandusky, Toledo R.A. Repeater
167.3625/162.7625 Akron, Painesville R.A. Repeater
167.3625 Akron, Painesville Simplex
167.3875/? Mansfield Operations Repeater
167.4125/167.7375 CV S.O.G. Repeater
167.425 R.A. Simplex; input to 163.875
167.4625 Mansfield Simplex
167.5125 CV Simplex
167.5375 Input to 163.8625
167.5625 Common simplex
167.675 CV Simplex; input to 163.9125
167.7375 CV Simplex AND CV Repeater
167.7625/162.7625 Akron R.A. repeater
167.7875 CV Simplex and CV Repeater</p>
<p> 162.7375 Canton B/M input to 167.3375 repeater
162.7625 Akron " " to 167.7625 "
163.8625/167.5375 CV SWAT Repeater
163.875/167.425 R.A. Repeater
163.9125/167.675 CV F.O. Repeater
164.100/167.2875 S.O.G. Repeater
167.100 Simplex
167.2125 CV simplex
167.2375 Akron simplex
167.2625 " "
167.2875 CV simplex; input to 164.100
167.3375/162.7375 Canton R.A. Repeater
167.3375/? Lima, Sandusky, Toledo R.A. Repeater
167.3625/162.7625 Akron, Painesville R.A. Repeater
167.3625 Akron, Painesville Simplex
167.3875/? Mansfield Operations Repeater
167.4125/167.7375 CV S.O.G. Repeater
167.425 R.A. Simplex; input to 163.875
167.4625 Mansfield Simplex
167.5125 CV Simplex
167.5375 Input to 163.8625
167.5625 Common simplex
167.675 CV Simplex; input to 163.9125
167.7375 CV Simplex AND CV Repeater
167.7625/162.7625 Akron R.A. repeater
167.7875 CV Simplex and CV Repeater</p>
<p>That is 22 unique confirmed frequencies and there are probably more out there
in CV. Also try 168.000 as it may be a VHF fixed one-way link.</p>
@ -624,30 +624,30 @@ in CV. Also try 168.000 as it may be a VHF fixed one-way link.</p>
<p>CV Signal Numbering</p>
<p> 1-99 Administration
100 - 199 Exact function(s) not confirmed
200 - 299 Gambling Squad
300 - 399 Bank Robbery Squad; Kidnapping Squad; Extortion Cases
400 - 499 Drug Enforcement Squad
500 - 599 Organized Crime Task Force; S.O.G. personnel
600 - 699 Exact function(s) not confirmed
assists w/kidnapping cases, surveillances
700 - 739 Assistant U.S. Attorney's; others?
740 - 750 Base Station Calls
800 - 899 SWAT; Foreign Counterintelligence; O.C.T.F.
900 - 999 Akron, Painesville R.A.'s
Akron - 900, 901, 902, 904, 906, 921 - 929
Painesville - 903, 920, 930
1000 - 1099 Canton and Mansfield R.A.'s
Canton - 1000 to 1010; 1030 to 1040
Mansfield - 1005, 1032 and 1033
1100 - 1199 Sandusky and Toledo R.A.'s
Sandusky - 1121 - 1129
Toledo - 1100 - 1119, 1130
1200 - 1299 Youngstown R.A. - 1200 to 1209 and 1220 to 1232.
1300 - 1399 Radio Technicians and Vehicle Maintenance
Radio Techs - 1302, 1303, 1304, 1307 and 1319
Vehicle Maintenance - 1300, 1301, 1305, 1306 and 1318.</p>
<p> 1-99 Administration
100 - 199 Exact function(s) not confirmed
200 - 299 Gambling Squad
300 - 399 Bank Robbery Squad; Kidnapping Squad; Extortion Cases
400 - 499 Drug Enforcement Squad
500 - 599 Organized Crime Task Force; S.O.G. personnel
600 - 699 Exact function(s) not confirmed
assists w/kidnapping cases, surveillances
700 - 739 Assistant U.S. Attorney's; others?
740 - 750 Base Station Calls
800 - 899 SWAT; Foreign Counterintelligence; O.C.T.F.
900 - 999 Akron, Painesville R.A.'s
Akron - 900, 901, 902, 904, 906, 921 - 929
Painesville - 903, 920, 930
1000 - 1099 Canton and Mansfield R.A.'s
Canton - 1000 to 1010; 1030 to 1040
Mansfield - 1005, 1032 and 1033
1100 - 1199 Sandusky and Toledo R.A.'s
Sandusky - 1121 - 1129
Toledo - 1100 - 1119, 1130
1200 - 1299 Youngstown R.A. - 1200 to 1209 and 1220 to 1232.
1300 - 1399 Radio Technicians and Vehicle Maintenance
Radio Techs - 1302, 1303, 1304, 1307 and 1319
Vehicle Maintenance - 1300, 1301, 1305, 1306 and 1318.</p>
<p>FBI COMMON FREQUENCY RANGES</p>
@ -666,28 +666,28 @@ the 163 MHz range for repeaters and the 167 MHz range for simplex operations.</p
<p>Limit your search to 500 KHz at a time, certainly no more than a 1 MHz. The
following are common ranges reported nationwide:</p>
<p> 162.6125 - 162.7875 Repeater Inputs; Outputs; 12.5KHz steps
163.825 - 163.9875 Repeater Outputs; 12.5KHz steps
164.000 - 164.500 Repeater Outputs; 25KHz steps
165.5125 - 165.900 Repeater Outputs; 12.5KHz steps
167.100 - 167.7875 Repeater Inputs; Outputs; Simplex; 12.5KHz steps
168.825 - 169.000 Repeater Inputs; 25KHz steps
169.825 - 169.975 Repeater Outputs; 25KHz steps</p>
<p> 162.6125 - 162.7875 Repeater Inputs; Outputs; 12.5KHz steps
163.825 - 163.9875 Repeater Outputs; 12.5KHz steps
164.000 - 164.500 Repeater Outputs; 25KHz steps
165.5125 - 165.900 Repeater Outputs; 12.5KHz steps
167.100 - 167.7875 Repeater Inputs; Outputs; Simplex; 12.5KHz steps
168.825 - 169.000 Repeater Inputs; 25KHz steps
169.825 - 169.975 Repeater Outputs; 25KHz steps</p>
<p>FBI COMMON TEN CODES</p>
<p> 10-0 Negative 10-29 O.L. Check
10-4 Affirmative 10-42 Residence
10-7 Out-of-Service 10-58 Mileage
10-8 In-Service 10-66 Alarm (?)
10-9 Repeat 10-76 Enroute
10-16 Message Check 10-77 Bank Alarm
10-20 Location 10-85 Meet w/agent ...
10-21 Telephone Call 10-90 Bank Robbery
10-22 Report to Office 10-91 BR In Progress
10-23 Stand-By 10-99 Assist Agent
10-26 N.C.I.C. Check
10-28 Registration check</p>
<p> 10-0 Negative 10-29 O.L. Check
10-4 Affirmative 10-42 Residence
10-7 Out-of-Service 10-58 Mileage
10-8 In-Service 10-66 Alarm (?)
10-9 Repeat 10-76 Enroute
10-16 Message Check 10-77 Bank Alarm
10-20 Location 10-85 Meet w/agent ...
10-21 Telephone Call 10-90 Bank Robbery
10-22 Report to Office 10-91 BR In Progress
10-23 Stand-By 10-99 Assist Agent
10-26 N.C.I.C. Check
10-28 Registration check</p>
<p>FBI COMMON CODE WORDS</p>
@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ Rabbit - Subject under surveillance
Rabbit Tracks - subject on the move
R.D.O.- Regular Day Off
Red Balled - Stopped at traffic light w/subject
Red Boarded - " " " " ; subject not stopped
Red Boarded - " " " " ; subject not stopped
Road Runner - Surveillance Aircraft
SAIC - Special Agent In Charge
Signal - A field agent
@ -766,4 +766,4 @@ all of us. Yet even worse is the pay for DEA agents $19,493 to $23,846.</p>
and Senators literally took care of themselves) and will hopefully rectify the
problem this year.
</p></xml>
</p></xml>

213
regexConsp/art-04.txt
View File

@ -1,213 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 56
Subject: Keyword(s) : KENNEDY and ASSASSINATION
Title : Do Assassinations Alter the Course of History?
Author : Simon Freeman and Ronald Payne
Source : European
Publication Date : May 24-26, 1991
Page Number(s) : 9
EUROPEAN
(London, England)
May 24-26, 1991, p. 9
"Reprinted courtesy of THE EUROPEAN."
DO ASSASSINATIONS ALTER THE COURSE OF HISTORY?
by Simon Freeman and Ronald Payne
India faces collapse with the violent death of Rajiv Gandhi--or
does it? Simon Freeman and Ronald Payne analyse the importance of
individuals in the march of events
They have paid their tributes, expressed their horror and
pledged, as they always do when one of their number is murdered,
that democracy will triumph in the face of terrorism. Now, in
their weekend retreats, with their foreign affairs advisers and
their top secret intelligence reports, world leaders will have to
judge the true impact on India of the assassination of Rajiv
Gandhi.
They will conclude, perhaps a little unhappily for them but
fortunately for the rest of us, that Gandhi's death is unlikely
to be more than a footnote, if a substantial one, in the history
of his country. India will not disintegrate. There will be no
civil war. The Indian military will not stage a coup. Pakistan
will not launch the oft-predicted strike which would set the
region ablaze.
Some Indians, perhaps many, may die over the next month in
the kind of primitive ethnic and religious feuding which has
always threatened to destroy the country. But, unless history is
truly mischievous, India will muddle through and get on with the
business of trying to survive.
It is rarely the personal stature of a statesman which
decides how pivotal his contribution to history will be. History
usually depends less on the drama of an assassination or the
status of the victim than on more profound political, economic or
demographic forces. In retrospect, it often appears that assassin
and victim were inexorably drawn together to become the catalyst
for inevitable change.
The most spectacular assassination in modern European
history--the shooting of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife
at Sarajevo in 1914 by a Serbian student, Gavrilo Princip--was
undoubtedly the immediate cause of the First World War. But few
serious historians today subscribe to the theory that, had
Princip not pressed the trigger that late June day in the cause
of Serbian nationalism, the 19th-century order would have
survived.
Dr Christopher Andrew, of Cambridge University, believes
that the assassination merely set the timetable for war. He said:
"Even if the Archduke had not been killed then there might have
been a great war anyway." Other experts now talk not of Princip
but of an explosive cocktail of nationalism straining within
decrepit empires and of fatally dangerous alliances built by
leaders from an earlier world.
It is possible to see Sarajevo as the climax to a period in
which political murders became almost routine. The reference
books on late 19th-century Europe are peppered with the names of
hapless, long-forgotten politicians who were shot, bombed or
stabbed because, so it was thought by the many bands of
extremists, that was the only way to force change.
While there are no precise ways to assess the real
importance of an assassination, historians like Andrew reckon
that there are some general guidelines. In the stable, advanced
democracies of today the murder of a top politician is unlikely
to cause more than outrage and pain.
When the Irish Republican Army blew up the Grand Hotel in
Brighton in 1984 in an attempt to kill Prime Minister Margaret
Thatcher and most of her Cabinet, they hoped that there would be
such disgust at the murders that the British public would force
their leaders to pull out of Northern Ireland. But, even if
Thatcher had died this would not have happened. Her death would
probably have strengthened her successor's resolve not to bow to
terrorism.
The IRA should have known this from the reaction to the
killing five years earlier of Lord Louis Mountbatten,
distinguished soldier, public servant and pillar of the British
Establishment. The murder changed nothing in the province and
only demonstrated, as if it was necessary, that determined
terrorists often find ways to murder their chosen targets.
Similarly, The Red Brigade anarchists who cold-bloodedly killed
Aldo Moro, the Italian prime minister, in May, 1978, achieved
nothing except to ensure that the Italian authorities would hunt
them with even more determination. Nor did the killers of Swedish
Prime Minister Olof Palme accomplish anything. The murder--still
unsolved--drew the usual, but clearly genuine, shocked response
from world leaders. But even at the time they were hardpressed to
pretend that Palme's murder would fundamentally matter to Sweden.
The Third World, on the other hand, is more volatile.
Sometimes, as in India, countries are an uneasy blend of
feudalism and capitalism, dynastic authoritarianism and
democracy. The demise of dictators often leaves a bloody vacuum.
Yet even here, the assassination of a tyrant does not necessarily
signal major upheaval. General Zia ul-Haque, who had ruled
Pakistan since 1977, was blown up in his plane in the summer of
1988. But, though he had long seemed crucial to the continuing
stability of the country, his death seemed to be the fated climax
to the era of military rule.
The murder of Egypt's President Sadat in October 1981 seemed
then to herald some new dark age of internal repression and
aggression towards Israel. But his successor, Hosni Mubarak,
merely edged closer to the Arab world without returning to the
pre-Sadat hostility towards Israel.
The killers of kings and dictators in other Arab countries
have also discovered that they have murdered in vain. Iraq has
endured a succession of brutal military dictators who have died
as violently as they lived. The fact that Iraq has never
experienced democracy is the result of economic and historical
realities, not assassins' bullets. Saudi Arabia has also seen its
share of high level killings yet, today, the House of Saud
remains immovably in power.
But in the United States, where the idea of righteous
violence is deeply embedded in the national consciousness, the
grand assassination has been part of the political process for
more than a century. Beginning with the murder of President
Abraham Lincoln in 1865, the list of victims is a long and
distinguished one. It includes most recently, President John F.
Kennedy in 1963; his brother, Robert, heir apparent, shot in
1968; Martin Luther King, civil rights campaigner and Nobel Peace
Prize winner, gunned down the same year. Ronald Reagan could
easily have followed in 1981 when he was shot and badly wounded.
John Kennedy's death now appears important for different
reasons from those one might have expected at the time. It did
not derail any of his vaunted civil rights or welfare programmes;
rather his death guaranteed that his successor, Lyndon Johnson,
would be able to push the Kennedy blueprint for a New America
through Congress. Nor did it end the creeping US involvement in
Vietnam.
But Kennedy has been immortalised by his assassin and the
mythology of his unfulfilled promise will endure long after his
real accomplishments are forgotten.
In a curious, perverse, sense he and his fellow-martyrs
might live on as far more potent symbols of change than if they
had survived into gentle retirement with their fudges revealed
and their frailties exposed.
Why good leaders die and bad ones survive
Few names of hated tyrants appear on the roll-call of world
leaders who fall to the assassin's bomb, knife or bullet, writes
Ronald Payne. One of the curiosities of the trade in political
murder is that those the world generally recognises as bad guys
often live to a ripe old age or die quietly in their beds. Few
who mourn the passing of Rajiv Gandhi would have shed so many
tears had President Saddam Hussein been blown to pieces in Iraq.
There was a time only a few years ago when Americans and
Europeans would have celebrated the violent demise of President
Muammar Gaddafi. Both the Libyan leader and Hussein live on, as
do Idi Amin of Uganda, or Fidel Castro, whom the American Central
Intelligence Agency plotted so imaginatively and ineffectually to
remove.
When academics play the game of what might have been, the
consequences of assassinating such monstres sacres as Stalin and
Hitler arise.
When the Russian dictator died suddenly of natural causes,
the whole Soviet Union was paralysed because no leader dared
claim the right to succeed him. That in itself suggests what
might have happened had Stalin been shot unexpectedly at a more
critical moment.
The timing of a political murder is crucial. Had Adolf
Hitler been assassinated before he achieved full power or before
his invasion of the Soviet Union, the history of Germany, and
indeed of Europe, would have been very different.
Fascinating though such intellectual exercises are, it seems
that as a rule it is the decent, the innocent and the relatively
harmless who perish as assassins' victims.
The reason may not be far to seek. Tyrants watch their backs
pretty carefully. The secret police are ever active. It is easier
to kill statesmen in democracies where the rule of law prevails
and the sad truth is that leaders in those countries which
exercise authority through voting rather than shooting are more
at risk than Middle East tyrants.
A further reason for the survival of the hated monster
figure might be that Western intelligence services have been
forbidden to go in for execution. The CIA and the British secret
intelligence service are now out of the killing business. Even
the KGB's assassination specialists seem to have been stood down.
In any case the Kremlin was hardly keen on the murder of
ruling statesmen even in the bad old days. Soviet leaders
understood the realities of power well enough to know that such
acts were unlikely to further their cause.
</xml>

386
regexConsp/art-04.xml
View File

@ -1,213 +1,213 @@
<xml><p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 56
<xml><p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 56
Subject: Keyword(s) : KENNEDY and ASSASSINATION
Title : Do Assassinations Alter the Course of History?
Author : Simon Freeman and Ronald Payne
Source : European
Publication Date : May 24-26, 1991
Page Number(s) : 9
Title : Do Assassinations Alter the Course of History?
Author : Simon Freeman and Ronald Payne
Source : European
Publication Date : May 24-26, 1991
Page Number(s) : 9
EUROPEAN
(London, England)
May 24-26, 1991, p. 9
"Reprinted courtesy of THE EUROPEAN."
DO ASSASSINATIONS ALTER THE COURSE OF HISTORY?
by Simon Freeman and Ronald Payne
India faces collapse with the violent death of Rajiv Gandhi--or
EUROPEAN
(London, England)
May 24-26, 1991, p. 9
"Reprinted courtesy of THE EUROPEAN."
DO ASSASSINATIONS ALTER THE COURSE OF HISTORY?
by Simon Freeman and Ronald Payne
India faces collapse with the violent death of Rajiv Gandhi--or
does it? Simon Freeman and Ronald Payne analyse the importance of
individuals in the march of events
They have paid their tributes, expressed their horror and
pledged, as they always do when one of their number is murdered,
that democracy will triumph in the face of terrorism. Now, in
their weekend retreats, with their foreign affairs advisers and
individuals in the march of events
They have paid their tributes, expressed their horror and
pledged, as they always do when one of their number is murdered,
that democracy will triumph in the face of terrorism. Now, in
their weekend retreats, with their foreign affairs advisers and
their top secret intelligence reports, world leaders will have to
judge the true impact on India of the assassination of Rajiv
Gandhi.
They will conclude, perhaps a little unhappily for them but
fortunately for the rest of us, that Gandhi's death is unlikely
to be more than a footnote, if a substantial one, in the history
of his country. India will not disintegrate. There will be no
civil war. The Indian military will not stage a coup. Pakistan
will not launch the oft-predicted strike which would set the
region ablaze.
Some Indians, perhaps many, may die over the next month in
the kind of primitive ethnic and religious feuding which has
always threatened to destroy the country. But, unless history is
truly mischievous, India will muddle through and get on with the
business of trying to survive.
It is rarely the personal stature of a statesman which
decides how pivotal his contribution to history will be. History
usually depends less on the drama of an assassination or the
judge the true impact on India of the assassination of Rajiv
Gandhi.
They will conclude, perhaps a little unhappily for them but
fortunately for the rest of us, that Gandhi's death is unlikely
to be more than a footnote, if a substantial one, in the history
of his country. India will not disintegrate. There will be no
civil war. The Indian military will not stage a coup. Pakistan
will not launch the oft-predicted strike which would set the
region ablaze.
Some Indians, perhaps many, may die over the next month in
the kind of primitive ethnic and religious feuding which has
always threatened to destroy the country. But, unless history is
truly mischievous, India will muddle through and get on with the
business of trying to survive.
It is rarely the personal stature of a statesman which
decides how pivotal his contribution to history will be. History
usually depends less on the drama of an assassination or the
status of the victim than on more profound political, economic or
demographic forces. In retrospect, it often appears that assassin
and victim were inexorably drawn together to become the catalyst
for inevitable change.
The most spectacular assassination in modern European
history--the shooting of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife
at Sarajevo in 1914 by a Serbian student, Gavrilo Princip--was
undoubtedly the immediate cause of the First World War. But few
serious historians today subscribe to the theory that, had
Princip not pressed the trigger that late June day in the cause
of Serbian nationalism, the 19th-century order would have
survived.
Dr Christopher Andrew, of Cambridge University, believes
and victim were inexorably drawn together to become the catalyst
for inevitable change.
The most spectacular assassination in modern European
history--the shooting of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife
at Sarajevo in 1914 by a Serbian student, Gavrilo Princip--was
undoubtedly the immediate cause of the First World War. But few
serious historians today subscribe to the theory that, had
Princip not pressed the trigger that late June day in the cause
of Serbian nationalism, the 19th-century order would have
survived.
Dr Christopher Andrew, of Cambridge University, believes
that the assassination merely set the timetable for war. He said:
"Even if the Archduke had not been killed then there might have
been a great war anyway." Other experts now talk not of Princip
but of an explosive cocktail of nationalism straining within
decrepit empires and of fatally dangerous alliances built by
leaders from an earlier world.
It is possible to see Sarajevo as the climax to a period in
which political murders became almost routine. The reference
books on late 19th-century Europe are peppered with the names of
hapless, long-forgotten politicians who were shot, bombed or
stabbed because, so it was thought by the many bands of
extremists, that was the only way to force change.
While there are no precise ways to assess the real
importance of an assassination, historians like Andrew reckon
that there are some general guidelines. In the stable, advanced
democracies of today the murder of a top politician is unlikely
to cause more than outrage and pain.
When the Irish Republican Army blew up the Grand Hotel in
Brighton in 1984 in an attempt to kill Prime Minister Margaret
Thatcher and most of her Cabinet, they hoped that there would be
such disgust at the murders that the British public would force
their leaders to pull out of Northern Ireland. But, even if
Thatcher had died this would not have happened. Her death would
probably have strengthened her successor's resolve not to bow to
terrorism.
The IRA should have known this from the reaction to the
killing five years earlier of Lord Louis Mountbatten,
distinguished soldier, public servant and pillar of the British
Establishment. The murder changed nothing in the province and
only demonstrated, as if it was necessary, that determined
terrorists often find ways to murder their chosen targets.
Similarly, The Red Brigade anarchists who cold-bloodedly killed
Aldo Moro, the Italian prime minister, in May, 1978, achieved
nothing except to ensure that the Italian authorities would hunt
"Even if the Archduke had not been killed then there might have
been a great war anyway." Other experts now talk not of Princip
but of an explosive cocktail of nationalism straining within
decrepit empires and of fatally dangerous alliances built by
leaders from an earlier world.
It is possible to see Sarajevo as the climax to a period in
which political murders became almost routine. The reference
books on late 19th-century Europe are peppered with the names of
hapless, long-forgotten politicians who were shot, bombed or
stabbed because, so it was thought by the many bands of
extremists, that was the only way to force change.
While there are no precise ways to assess the real
importance of an assassination, historians like Andrew reckon
that there are some general guidelines. In the stable, advanced
democracies of today the murder of a top politician is unlikely
to cause more than outrage and pain.
When the Irish Republican Army blew up the Grand Hotel in
Brighton in 1984 in an attempt to kill Prime Minister Margaret
Thatcher and most of her Cabinet, they hoped that there would be
such disgust at the murders that the British public would force
their leaders to pull out of Northern Ireland. But, even if
Thatcher had died this would not have happened. Her death would
probably have strengthened her successor's resolve not to bow to
terrorism.
The IRA should have known this from the reaction to the
killing five years earlier of Lord Louis Mountbatten,
distinguished soldier, public servant and pillar of the British
Establishment. The murder changed nothing in the province and
only demonstrated, as if it was necessary, that determined
terrorists often find ways to murder their chosen targets.
Similarly, The Red Brigade anarchists who cold-bloodedly killed
Aldo Moro, the Italian prime minister, in May, 1978, achieved
nothing except to ensure that the Italian authorities would hunt
them with even more determination. Nor did the killers of Swedish
Prime Minister Olof Palme accomplish anything. The murder--still
unsolved--drew the usual, but clearly genuine, shocked response
Prime Minister Olof Palme accomplish anything. The murder--still
unsolved--drew the usual, but clearly genuine, shocked response
from world leaders. But even at the time they were hardpressed to
pretend that Palme's murder would fundamentally matter to Sweden.
The Third World, on the other hand, is more volatile.
Sometimes, as in India, countries are an uneasy blend of
feudalism and capitalism, dynastic authoritarianism and
democracy. The demise of dictators often leaves a bloody vacuum.
The Third World, on the other hand, is more volatile.
Sometimes, as in India, countries are an uneasy blend of
feudalism and capitalism, dynastic authoritarianism and
democracy. The demise of dictators often leaves a bloody vacuum.
Yet even here, the assassination of a tyrant does not necessarily
signal major upheaval. General Zia ul-Haque, who had ruled
Pakistan since 1977, was blown up in his plane in the summer of
1988. But, though he had long seemed crucial to the continuing
signal major upheaval. General Zia ul-Haque, who had ruled
Pakistan since 1977, was blown up in his plane in the summer of
1988. But, though he had long seemed crucial to the continuing
stability of the country, his death seemed to be the fated climax
to the era of military rule.
The murder of Egypt's President Sadat in October 1981 seemed
then to herald some new dark age of internal repression and
aggression towards Israel. But his successor, Hosni Mubarak,
merely edged closer to the Arab world without returning to the
pre-Sadat hostility towards Israel.
The killers of kings and dictators in other Arab countries
have also discovered that they have murdered in vain. Iraq has
endured a succession of brutal military dictators who have died
as violently as they lived. The fact that Iraq has never
experienced democracy is the result of economic and historical
to the era of military rule.
The murder of Egypt's President Sadat in October 1981 seemed
then to herald some new dark age of internal repression and
aggression towards Israel. But his successor, Hosni Mubarak,
merely edged closer to the Arab world without returning to the
pre-Sadat hostility towards Israel.
The killers of kings and dictators in other Arab countries
have also discovered that they have murdered in vain. Iraq has
endured a succession of brutal military dictators who have died
as violently as they lived. The fact that Iraq has never
experienced democracy is the result of economic and historical
realities, not assassins' bullets. Saudi Arabia has also seen its
share of high level killings yet, today, the House of Saud
remains immovably in power.
But in the United States, where the idea of righteous
violence is deeply embedded in the national consciousness, the
grand assassination has been part of the political process for
more than a century. Beginning with the murder of President
Abraham Lincoln in 1865, the list of victims is a long and
distinguished one. It includes most recently, President John F.
Kennedy in 1963; his brother, Robert, heir apparent, shot in
share of high level killings yet, today, the House of Saud
remains immovably in power.
But in the United States, where the idea of righteous
violence is deeply embedded in the national consciousness, the
grand assassination has been part of the political process for
more than a century. Beginning with the murder of President
Abraham Lincoln in 1865, the list of victims is a long and
distinguished one. It includes most recently, President John F.
Kennedy in 1963; his brother, Robert, heir apparent, shot in
1968; Martin Luther King, civil rights campaigner and Nobel Peace
Prize winner, gunned down the same year. Ronald Reagan could
easily have followed in 1981 when he was shot and badly wounded.
John Kennedy's death now appears important for different
reasons from those one might have expected at the time. It did
Prize winner, gunned down the same year. Ronald Reagan could
easily have followed in 1981 when he was shot and badly wounded.
John Kennedy's death now appears important for different
reasons from those one might have expected at the time. It did
not derail any of his vaunted civil rights or welfare programmes;
rather his death guaranteed that his successor, Lyndon Johnson,
would be able to push the Kennedy blueprint for a New America
through Congress. Nor did it end the creeping US involvement in
Vietnam.
But Kennedy has been immortalised by his assassin and the
mythology of his unfulfilled promise will endure long after his
real accomplishments are forgotten.
In a curious, perverse, sense he and his fellow-martyrs
might live on as far more potent symbols of change than if they
had survived into gentle retirement with their fudges revealed
and their frailties exposed.
Why good leaders die and bad ones survive
Few names of hated tyrants appear on the roll-call of world
leaders who fall to the assassin's bomb, knife or bullet, writes
Ronald Payne. One of the curiosities of the trade in political
murder is that those the world generally recognises as bad guys
often live to a ripe old age or die quietly in their beds. Few
who mourn the passing of Rajiv Gandhi would have shed so many
tears had President Saddam Hussein been blown to pieces in Iraq.
There was a time only a few years ago when Americans and
Europeans would have celebrated the violent demise of President
Muammar Gaddafi. Both the Libyan leader and Hussein live on, as
rather his death guaranteed that his successor, Lyndon Johnson,
would be able to push the Kennedy blueprint for a New America
through Congress. Nor did it end the creeping US involvement in
Vietnam.
But Kennedy has been immortalised by his assassin and the
mythology of his unfulfilled promise will endure long after his
real accomplishments are forgotten.
In a curious, perverse, sense he and his fellow-martyrs
might live on as far more potent symbols of change than if they
had survived into gentle retirement with their fudges revealed
and their frailties exposed.
Why good leaders die and bad ones survive
Few names of hated tyrants appear on the roll-call of world
leaders who fall to the assassin's bomb, knife or bullet, writes
Ronald Payne. One of the curiosities of the trade in political
murder is that those the world generally recognises as bad guys
often live to a ripe old age or die quietly in their beds. Few
who mourn the passing of Rajiv Gandhi would have shed so many
tears had President Saddam Hussein been blown to pieces in Iraq.
There was a time only a few years ago when Americans and
Europeans would have celebrated the violent demise of President
Muammar Gaddafi. Both the Libyan leader and Hussein live on, as
do Idi Amin of Uganda, or Fidel Castro, whom the American Central
Intelligence Agency plotted so imaginatively and ineffectually to
remove.
When academics play the game of what might have been, the
consequences of assassinating such monstres sacres as Stalin and
Hitler arise.
When the Russian dictator died suddenly of natural causes,
the whole Soviet Union was paralysed because no leader dared
claim the right to succeed him. That in itself suggests what
might have happened had Stalin been shot unexpectedly at a more
critical moment.
The timing of a political murder is crucial. Had Adolf
Hitler been assassinated before he achieved full power or before
his invasion of the Soviet Union, the history of Germany, and
indeed of Europe, would have been very different.
Fascinating though such intellectual exercises are, it seems
that as a rule it is the decent, the innocent and the relatively
harmless who perish as assassins' victims.
The reason may not be far to seek. Tyrants watch their backs
remove.
When academics play the game of what might have been, the
consequences of assassinating such monstres sacres as Stalin and
Hitler arise.
When the Russian dictator died suddenly of natural causes,
the whole Soviet Union was paralysed because no leader dared
claim the right to succeed him. That in itself suggests what
might have happened had Stalin been shot unexpectedly at a more
critical moment.
The timing of a political murder is crucial. Had Adolf
Hitler been assassinated before he achieved full power or before
his invasion of the Soviet Union, the history of Germany, and
indeed of Europe, would have been very different.
Fascinating though such intellectual exercises are, it seems
that as a rule it is the decent, the innocent and the relatively
harmless who perish as assassins' victims.
The reason may not be far to seek. Tyrants watch their backs
pretty carefully. The secret police are ever active. It is easier
to kill statesmen in democracies where the rule of law prevails
and the sad truth is that leaders in those countries which
exercise authority through voting rather than shooting are more
at risk than Middle East tyrants.
A further reason for the survival of the hated monster
figure might be that Western intelligence services have been
forbidden to go in for execution. The CIA and the British secret
intelligence service are now out of the killing business. Even
to kill statesmen in democracies where the rule of law prevails
and the sad truth is that leaders in those countries which
exercise authority through voting rather than shooting are more
at risk than Middle East tyrants.
A further reason for the survival of the hated monster
figure might be that Western intelligence services have been
forbidden to go in for execution. The CIA and the British secret
intelligence service are now out of the killing business. Even
the KGB's assassination specialists seem to have been stood down.
In any case the Kremlin was hardly keen on the murder of
ruling statesmen even in the bad old days. Soviet leaders
understood the realities of power well enough to know that such
acts were unlikely to further their cause.
In any case the Kremlin was hardly keen on the murder of
ruling statesmen even in the bad old days. Soviet leaders
understood the realities of power well enough to know that such
acts were unlikely to further their cause.
</p></xml>

308
regexConsp/art-05.txt
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@ -1,308 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
Subject: Keyword(s) : KENNEDY and ASSASSINATION
Title : Conspiracy Theories: Doubts Refuse to Die
Author : Bob Dudney
Source : Dallas Times Herald (Dallas, Texas)
Publication Date : Nov. 20, 1983
Page Number(s) : Special Sec. 11
DALLAS TIMES HERALD
(Dallas, Texas)
Nov. 20, 1983, Commemorative Section, pp. 11
Reprinted with permission from the author.
CONSPIRACY THEORIES: DOUBTS REFUSE TO DIE
by Bob Dudney
Special to the Times Herald
Editor's Note: Bob Dudney, a former reporter for the Dallas Times
Herald, has written hundreds of articles about the investigation
of President Kennedy's assassination. He has covered
congressional inquiries on the subject, has interviewed dozens of
people connected with it, and has examined thousands of
government documents.
The shots fired in Dealey Plaza on a sunny Dallas day 20
years ago still reverberate in a bizarre way: the belief that
President John F. Kennedy's assassination resulted from a
conspiracy.
There is a deep, almost theological assumption by some
Americans that the President was the victim of conspirators who
still roam at large. The conclusion is strange because there is
no solid evidence to support it--and significant reasons to
believe it is false.
There is no denying the difficulty of accepting the Warren
Commission's verdict on the events of Nov. 22, 1963--that a
down-and-out, 24-year-old ex-Marine named Lee Harvey Oswald, with
no outside assistance, murdered the most glamorous, powerful man
in the world at the time.
But no matter how strong the unwillingness to believe, the
evidence in the case demonstrates beyond a reasonable doubt that
there was no plot. Undermining the scores of conspiracy theories
that have cropped up over the years are three crucial factors:
- The scientific, eyewitness and medical data establishing
that Oswald shot Kennedy.
- The absence of uncontroverted evidence linking Oswald to
other conspirators.
- The lack of evidence to suggest that Oswald was
unwittingly manipulated by others.
So long as these elements remain unshaken, claims that a
sinister plot was afoot that November day will amount to nothing
more than speculation.
Nevertheless, theories about the active involvement of
others in the assassination thrive and multiply. Their
proponents--some skilled and some not, some sincere and some not
--have produced dozens of books, films and articles that purport
to reveal the "full" treachery of events in Dallas two decades
ago.
In fact, from the volume and variety of conspiracy theories,
one might conclude that the possibility of a conspiracy had never
been officially probed. The theories discount thousands of
documents and millions of investigative man-hours devoted to that
question by the Warren panel, the FBI and the CIA in 1963 and
1964; the Rockefeller Commission in 1975; the Senate Select
Committee on Intelligence in 1975 and the House Committee on
Assassinations in 1977-1978.
The list of "suspects" the theories implicate is extensive.
Among them: The Soviet KGB; anti-Soviet exiles; Fidel Castro;
pro-Castro Cubans in the United States; anti-Castro Cubans;
loyalists of slain South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem; right
wing fanatics; left wing Marxists; the Mafia; rogue Texas oilmen;
labor unions; Southern white racists; the Dallas Police
Department; the CIA; the FBI; the Secret Service; the Chinese
communists; reactionary Army officers; and Jewish extremists.
But it is not enough to demonstrate that some group stood to
benefit from the murder. Theorists must establish participation
of two or more people in the murder. This they have not done.
Each theory alters the nature of Oswald's role in the death,
but the possible changes are necessarily limited. The principle
theories are:
Oswald is innocent: Adherents of this contention maintain
that law enforcement officials--cynically or through honest
error--settled on Oswald as the assassin even though there was no
reliable evidence against him. They say Oswald could have
exonerated himself at a trial had he not been killed by Dallas
nightclub owner Jack Ruby.
Challenging this theory is an abundance of evidence.
Scientific testing and physical evidence found at the scene show
that shots were fired at Kennedy's limousine from a sixth-floor
window of the Texas School Book Depository building.
Oswald worked in the building at Elm and Houston. He was
seen leaving it shortly after the shooting. Crates were found
stacked by the sixth-floor window as an apparent gun brace.
Oswald's fingerprints were on the crates. The morning of the
assassination, Oswald was seen carrying a long, paper-wrapped
object into the building. Wrapping paper found near the window
bore Oswald's fingerprints.
A rifle was found hidden between boxes in the building. A
bullet and the bullet fragments removed from Kennedy, Connally
and the limousine ballistically matched the rifle. Oswald's palm
print was found on the rifle. The rifle, purchased from a Chicago
mail order house, had been shipped to a Dallas post office box
rented by Oswald. A photograph showed Oswald holding a rifle
identical to the one found.
Proponents of this theory retort that all of the evidence
was fabricated and put credence in Oswald's post-arrest
declaration that he hadn't killed anyone.
But claims that the incriminating rifle photo was doctored--
with Oswald's head superimposed over another man's body--were
dispelled by Marina Oswald's confirmation that she took the
picture. And claims that Oswald's rifle was planted in the room
after the assassination were refuted by ballistic tests that
showed it fired the deadly shots.
Given the problems with claims of planted evidence, some
theorists have argued that there must have been a "planted
Oswald," or Oswald impersonator on the scene. This contention,
however, has been difficult to reconcile with the Oswald
fingerprints and palmprints found on the evidence.
Two years ago, conspiracy theorists, successfully pressed
for the opening of Oswald's grave to show it contained an
imposter--probably a Soviet agent. Subsequent examination,
however, determined the body was the "real" Lee Harvey Oswald.
Oswald had accomplices: Faced with the weight of evidence
indicating Oswald's guilt, quite a few conspiracy theories have
contended he was only one of those involved.
Some theories assert that a person or persons helped put
Oswald in position to shoot the President. They leave unexplained
why Oswald would need such help. As an employee of the book
depository, he had easy access to the building. After the
shooting, according to witnesses' testimony, he sought no help in
fleeing and left downtown Dallas by city bus and then a taxi.
Moreover, it would seem unlikely that accomplices could have
helped get Oswald a job that put him on the motorcycle route.
Oswald got his job at the depository on Oct. 15. White House
planning for the President's motorcade route did not begin until
Nov. 4, and the map of the route was not published until Nov. 19.
Somewhat more credible is the contention others provided
secret financing, planning, direction or encouragement for the
murder that Oswald carried out.
In this scenario, the chief suspect over the years has been
the Soviet Union. After all, Oswald defected to Russia in 1959.
He married a Russian woman, Marina Prusakova, in 1961. He was a
vociferous Marxist. Even after he returned to the United States
in June 1962, Oswald had several fleeting contacts with Soviet
diplomats.
However, no evidence of Soviet complicity has been found.
Investigators who combed Oswald's effects discovered no
unexplained funds, no code books, no messages--nothing to suggest
a Soviet hand in Oswald's actions. Also, had Oswald been
recruited as a Soviet agent, the Russians would not have been
likely to allow him to defect, as he did--thereby exposing his
relationship with them.
The other top suspect has been Cuba. Oswald admired Fidel
Castro; he was a member of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee in
the United States; he visited the Cuban embassy in Mexico City a
few weeks before the assassination, seeking a travel visa to that
country. Because the CIA was backing assassination plots against
Castro at the time, some speculate that Castro may have
retaliated through Oswald.
But, as with the theory of Soviet involvement, there is no
evidence. At one point, there did appear to be some. A young
Central American informant told U.S. authorities he saw Oswald in
the Cuban embassy, talking to two other men, one of whom was
conversing in Spanish. Later, he said, Oswald supposedly received
$6,500 to kill an important person. Under questioning, however,
the informant admitted he had never seen Oswald and had
fabricated the transaction, wishing to stir up American hatred
for Castro's Cuba. Subsequently, he retracted his retraction.
Finally, he failed a lie-detector test. Anyway, Oswald did not
speak Spanish.
Another account suggesting possible Cuban involvement was
provided by a Cuban exile who testified before the Warren
commission. She said two Hispanic men and an Anglo man they
identified as "Leon Oswald" came to her Dallas apartment 28 days
before the assassination. She said they spoke vaguely of Cuban
revolutionary plans before she turned them away. She identified
Oswald in television film as the man she had seen, but federal
investigators said they do not believe it was him. They said they
believe that at that time, Oswald was traveling from his New
Orleans home to Mexico in his quest for a Cuban entry visa.
The most publicized theories involving Oswald accomplices
are those that have featured other gunmen.
These various versions have assassins firing from other
windows in the depository building; from the Dal-Tex building;
from sewer drains, a grassy knoll near Dealey Plaza, the railroad
bridge over Elm, Main and Commerce streets and the Dallas County
Courthouse roof; and firing with silencers or automatic weapons.
The arguments surrounding these claims:
- One-man, one-bullet: The first shot that wounded Kennedy
in the neck did not also hit John Connally, as the Warren
Commission concluded. Rather they were struck by individual
bullets simultaneously, requiring that there be two shooters. A
team of experts, including a National Aeronautics and Space
Administration engineer, conducted an exhaustive study of this
question in 1978. The panel's conclusion: It is not only
possible, but almost certain that Kennedy and Connally were hit
by the same bullet.
- Filmed accomplices: Photographs of Dealey Plaza taken at
the time of the assassination show a dim form behind a wall on a
grassy knoll to the right and in front of the presidential
limousine. However, investigators found no spent cartridges,
weapons or footprints in this area. A panel of photography
experts concluded in 1978 that the images on the film were
shadows.
Films and photos also show a man in Dealey Plaza opening and
closing a black umbrella. Conspiracy theories suggest he was
signaling gunmen or that some weapon was hidden in the umbrella.
But at a hearing of the House Assassinations Committee in 1978, a
mild-mannered Dallas insurance worker identified himself as the
mysterious "umbrella man" and said he was only trying to harass
Kennedy.
- Head movement: The famous Zapruder film of the
assassination clearly shows President Kennedy's head lurching
backward when it was struck by the fatal gunshot. If the shot had
come from behind, conspiracy theorists reason, the impact would
have driven the President's head forward. Nonetheless, a panel of
medical experts concluded in 1978 that Kennedy's head wounds were
caused by a shot from the rear. Moreover, a panel of
wound-ballistics scientists concluded that the backward motion
was caused by the sudden tightening of the President's neck
muscles.
- Tape-recorded sounds: Sound transmitted through the
microphone of a motorcycle patrolman in the motorcade, and
recorded at Dallas police headquarters, shows four noise
"spikes." At the behest of the House Assassinations Committee in
1978, three acoustical experts conducted three test gunshot
firings in Dealey Plaza, compared the sounds and concluded it was
95 percent certain that four shots had been fired. The Warren
Commission had concluded that no more than three shots had been
fired from the window. The source of the previously unknown one,
the acoustical experts said, was the grassy knoll area.
The finding was the first scientific evidence supporting a
conspiracy theory and stirred an uproar. But it, too, was later
discounted. Twelve experts assembled by the National Research
Council reviewed the tapes and concluded the "spikes" were
actually recorded about a minute after the assassination.
The Assassinations Committee also grappled futily with the
prospect of a likely colleague for Oswald. "The question is with
who," said one member of the now-defunct committee. "If there's a
conspirator, then who could it have been? We asked ourselves over
and over: What associates did Oswald have, where was there
evidence of conspiracy? We found none."
Oswald was manipulated: These theories suggest that Oswald,
and perhaps other operatives, were unknowingly influenced in
their actions.
There can be only one reasonable candidate to mastermind
such a project--the KGB. It would have been the only organization
with the scientific means and the extended access to Oswald. Even
some Warren Commission lawyers and CIA members briefly toyed with
the possibility. Because Oswald spent some time in a Soviet
hospital while residing in Russia, there was the suspicion he
might have been brainwashed.
Once again, the problem is that there is no evidence to
suggest Oswald was brainwashed. Moreover, the CIA believes KGB
"mind conditioning" techniques at the time were primitive.
Surely, it is impossible to rule out the prospect of a
conspiracy in the assassination. The Warren Commission itself did
not do so. "Because of the difficulty of providing negatives to a
certainty," the panel said, proving there was no conspiracy
"cannot be established categorically." However, the panel said,
"if there is any such evidence it has been beyond the reach of
all the investigative agencies and resources of the United
States."
Twenty years later, that is still the case.
</xml>

550
regexConsp/art-05.xml
View File

@ -1,308 +1,308 @@
<xml><p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
<xml><p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
Subject: Keyword(s) : KENNEDY and ASSASSINATION
Title : Conspiracy Theories: Doubts Refuse to Die
Author : Bob Dudney
Source : Dallas Times Herald (Dallas, Texas)
Publication Date : Nov. 20, 1983
Title : Conspiracy Theories: Doubts Refuse to Die
Author : Bob Dudney
Source : Dallas Times Herald (Dallas, Texas)
Publication Date : Nov. 20, 1983
Page Number(s) : Special Sec. 11
DALLAS TIMES HERALD
(Dallas, Texas)
Nov. 20, 1983, Commemorative Section, pp. 11
Reprinted with permission from the author.
CONSPIRACY THEORIES: DOUBTS REFUSE TO DIE
by Bob Dudney
Special to the Times Herald
DALLAS TIMES HERALD
(Dallas, Texas)
Nov. 20, 1983, Commemorative Section, pp. 11
Reprinted with permission from the author.
CONSPIRACY THEORIES: DOUBTS REFUSE TO DIE
by Bob Dudney
Special to the Times Herald
Editor's Note: Bob Dudney, a former reporter for the Dallas Times
Herald, has written hundreds of articles about the investigation
of President Kennedy's assassination. He has covered
Herald, has written hundreds of articles about the investigation
of President Kennedy's assassination. He has covered
congressional inquiries on the subject, has interviewed dozens of
people connected with it, and has examined thousands of
government documents.
The shots fired in Dealey Plaza on a sunny Dallas day 20
years ago still reverberate in a bizarre way: the belief that
President John F. Kennedy's assassination resulted from a
conspiracy.
There is a deep, almost theological assumption by some
Americans that the President was the victim of conspirators who
still roam at large. The conclusion is strange because there is
no solid evidence to support it--and significant reasons to
believe it is false.
There is no denying the difficulty of accepting the Warren
Commission's verdict on the events of Nov. 22, 1963--that a
people connected with it, and has examined thousands of
government documents.
The shots fired in Dealey Plaza on a sunny Dallas day 20
years ago still reverberate in a bizarre way: the belief that
President John F. Kennedy's assassination resulted from a
conspiracy.
There is a deep, almost theological assumption by some
Americans that the President was the victim of conspirators who
still roam at large. The conclusion is strange because there is
no solid evidence to support it--and significant reasons to
believe it is false.
There is no denying the difficulty of accepting the Warren
Commission's verdict on the events of Nov. 22, 1963--that a
down-and-out, 24-year-old ex-Marine named Lee Harvey Oswald, with
no outside assistance, murdered the most glamorous, powerful man
in the world at the time.
But no matter how strong the unwillingness to believe, the
evidence in the case demonstrates beyond a reasonable doubt that
there was no plot. Undermining the scores of conspiracy theories
that have cropped up over the years are three crucial factors:
- The scientific, eyewitness and medical data establishing
that Oswald shot Kennedy.
- The absence of uncontroverted evidence linking Oswald to
other conspirators.
- The lack of evidence to suggest that Oswald was
unwittingly manipulated by others.
So long as these elements remain unshaken, claims that a
sinister plot was afoot that November day will amount to nothing
more than speculation.
Nevertheless, theories about the active involvement of
others in the assassination thrive and multiply. Their
proponents--some skilled and some not, some sincere and some not
--have produced dozens of books, films and articles that purport
to reveal the "full" treachery of events in Dallas two decades
ago.
In fact, from the volume and variety of conspiracy theories,
no outside assistance, murdered the most glamorous, powerful man
in the world at the time.
But no matter how strong the unwillingness to believe, the
evidence in the case demonstrates beyond a reasonable doubt that
there was no plot. Undermining the scores of conspiracy theories
that have cropped up over the years are three crucial factors:
- The scientific, eyewitness and medical data establishing
that Oswald shot Kennedy.
- The absence of uncontroverted evidence linking Oswald to
other conspirators.
- The lack of evidence to suggest that Oswald was
unwittingly manipulated by others.
So long as these elements remain unshaken, claims that a
sinister plot was afoot that November day will amount to nothing
more than speculation.
Nevertheless, theories about the active involvement of
others in the assassination thrive and multiply. Their
proponents--some skilled and some not, some sincere and some not
--have produced dozens of books, films and articles that purport
to reveal the "full" treachery of events in Dallas two decades
ago.
In fact, from the volume and variety of conspiracy theories,
one might conclude that the possibility of a conspiracy had never
been officially probed. The theories discount thousands of
been officially probed. The theories discount thousands of
documents and millions of investigative man-hours devoted to that
question by the Warren panel, the FBI and the CIA in 1963 and
1964; the Rockefeller Commission in 1975; the Senate Select
Committee on Intelligence in 1975 and the House Committee on
Assassinations in 1977-1978.
The list of "suspects" the theories implicate is extensive.
Among them: The Soviet KGB; anti-Soviet exiles; Fidel Castro;
pro-Castro Cubans in the United States; anti-Castro Cubans;
loyalists of slain South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem; right
question by the Warren panel, the FBI and the CIA in 1963 and
1964; the Rockefeller Commission in 1975; the Senate Select
Committee on Intelligence in 1975 and the House Committee on
Assassinations in 1977-1978.
The list of "suspects" the theories implicate is extensive.
Among them: The Soviet KGB; anti-Soviet exiles; Fidel Castro;
pro-Castro Cubans in the United States; anti-Castro Cubans;
loyalists of slain South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem; right
wing fanatics; left wing Marxists; the Mafia; rogue Texas oilmen;
labor unions; Southern white racists; the Dallas Police
Department; the CIA; the FBI; the Secret Service; the Chinese
communists; reactionary Army officers; and Jewish extremists.
But it is not enough to demonstrate that some group stood to
benefit from the murder. Theorists must establish participation
of two or more people in the murder. This they have not done.
Each theory alters the nature of Oswald's role in the death,
but the possible changes are necessarily limited. The principle
theories are:
Oswald is innocent: Adherents of this contention maintain
that law enforcement officials--cynically or through honest
labor unions; Southern white racists; the Dallas Police
Department; the CIA; the FBI; the Secret Service; the Chinese
communists; reactionary Army officers; and Jewish extremists.
But it is not enough to demonstrate that some group stood to
benefit from the murder. Theorists must establish participation
of two or more people in the murder. This they have not done.
Each theory alters the nature of Oswald's role in the death,
but the possible changes are necessarily limited. The principle
theories are:
Oswald is innocent: Adherents of this contention maintain
that law enforcement officials--cynically or through honest
error--settled on Oswald as the assassin even though there was no
reliable evidence against him. They say Oswald could have
exonerated himself at a trial had he not been killed by Dallas
nightclub owner Jack Ruby.
Challenging this theory is an abundance of evidence.
Scientific testing and physical evidence found at the scene show
that shots were fired at Kennedy's limousine from a sixth-floor
window of the Texas School Book Depository building.
Oswald worked in the building at Elm and Houston. He was
seen leaving it shortly after the shooting. Crates were found
stacked by the sixth-floor window as an apparent gun brace.
Oswald's fingerprints were on the crates. The morning of the
assassination, Oswald was seen carrying a long, paper-wrapped
object into the building. Wrapping paper found near the window
bore Oswald's fingerprints.
A rifle was found hidden between boxes in the building. A
bullet and the bullet fragments removed from Kennedy, Connally
and the limousine ballistically matched the rifle. Oswald's palm
reliable evidence against him. They say Oswald could have
exonerated himself at a trial had he not been killed by Dallas
nightclub owner Jack Ruby.
Challenging this theory is an abundance of evidence.
Scientific testing and physical evidence found at the scene show
that shots were fired at Kennedy's limousine from a sixth-floor
window of the Texas School Book Depository building.
Oswald worked in the building at Elm and Houston. He was
seen leaving it shortly after the shooting. Crates were found
stacked by the sixth-floor window as an apparent gun brace.
Oswald's fingerprints were on the crates. The morning of the
assassination, Oswald was seen carrying a long, paper-wrapped
object into the building. Wrapping paper found near the window
bore Oswald's fingerprints.
A rifle was found hidden between boxes in the building. A
bullet and the bullet fragments removed from Kennedy, Connally
and the limousine ballistically matched the rifle. Oswald's palm
print was found on the rifle. The rifle, purchased from a Chicago
mail order house, had been shipped to a Dallas post office box
rented by Oswald. A photograph showed Oswald holding a rifle
identical to the one found.
Proponents of this theory retort that all of the evidence
was fabricated and put credence in Oswald's post-arrest
declaration that he hadn't killed anyone.
But claims that the incriminating rifle photo was doctored--
with Oswald's head superimposed over another man's body--were
dispelled by Marina Oswald's confirmation that she took the
picture. And claims that Oswald's rifle was planted in the room
after the assassination were refuted by ballistic tests that
showed it fired the deadly shots.
Given the problems with claims of planted evidence, some
theorists have argued that there must have been a "planted
Oswald," or Oswald impersonator on the scene. This contention,
however, has been difficult to reconcile with the Oswald
fingerprints and palmprints found on the evidence.
Two years ago, conspiracy theorists, successfully pressed
for the opening of Oswald's grave to show it contained an
imposter--probably a Soviet agent. Subsequent examination,
however, determined the body was the "real" Lee Harvey Oswald.
Oswald had accomplices: Faced with the weight of evidence
indicating Oswald's guilt, quite a few conspiracy theories have
contended he was only one of those involved.
Some theories assert that a person or persons helped put
mail order house, had been shipped to a Dallas post office box
rented by Oswald. A photograph showed Oswald holding a rifle
identical to the one found.
Proponents of this theory retort that all of the evidence
was fabricated and put credence in Oswald's post-arrest
declaration that he hadn't killed anyone.
But claims that the incriminating rifle photo was doctored--
with Oswald's head superimposed over another man's body--were
dispelled by Marina Oswald's confirmation that she took the
picture. And claims that Oswald's rifle was planted in the room
after the assassination were refuted by ballistic tests that
showed it fired the deadly shots.
Given the problems with claims of planted evidence, some
theorists have argued that there must have been a "planted
Oswald," or Oswald impersonator on the scene. This contention,
however, has been difficult to reconcile with the Oswald
fingerprints and palmprints found on the evidence.
Two years ago, conspiracy theorists, successfully pressed
for the opening of Oswald's grave to show it contained an
imposter--probably a Soviet agent. Subsequent examination,
however, determined the body was the "real" Lee Harvey Oswald.
Oswald had accomplices: Faced with the weight of evidence
indicating Oswald's guilt, quite a few conspiracy theories have
contended he was only one of those involved.
Some theories assert that a person or persons helped put
Oswald in position to shoot the President. They leave unexplained
why Oswald would need such help. As an employee of the book
depository, he had easy access to the building. After the
why Oswald would need such help. As an employee of the book
depository, he had easy access to the building. After the
shooting, according to witnesses' testimony, he sought no help in
fleeing and left downtown Dallas by city bus and then a taxi.
Moreover, it would seem unlikely that accomplices could have
helped get Oswald a job that put him on the motorcycle route.
Oswald got his job at the depository on Oct. 15. White House
planning for the President's motorcade route did not begin until
fleeing and left downtown Dallas by city bus and then a taxi.
Moreover, it would seem unlikely that accomplices could have
helped get Oswald a job that put him on the motorcycle route.
Oswald got his job at the depository on Oct. 15. White House
planning for the President's motorcade route did not begin until
Nov. 4, and the map of the route was not published until Nov. 19.
Somewhat more credible is the contention others provided
secret financing, planning, direction or encouragement for the
murder that Oswald carried out.
In this scenario, the chief suspect over the years has been
the Soviet Union. After all, Oswald defected to Russia in 1959.
He married a Russian woman, Marina Prusakova, in 1961. He was a
vociferous Marxist. Even after he returned to the United States
in June 1962, Oswald had several fleeting contacts with Soviet
diplomats.
However, no evidence of Soviet complicity has been found.
Investigators who combed Oswald's effects discovered no
Somewhat more credible is the contention others provided
secret financing, planning, direction or encouragement for the
murder that Oswald carried out.
In this scenario, the chief suspect over the years has been
the Soviet Union. After all, Oswald defected to Russia in 1959.
He married a Russian woman, Marina Prusakova, in 1961. He was a
vociferous Marxist. Even after he returned to the United States
in June 1962, Oswald had several fleeting contacts with Soviet
diplomats.
However, no evidence of Soviet complicity has been found.
Investigators who combed Oswald's effects discovered no
unexplained funds, no code books, no messages--nothing to suggest
a Soviet hand in Oswald's actions. Also, had Oswald been
recruited as a Soviet agent, the Russians would not have been
likely to allow him to defect, as he did--thereby exposing his
relationship with them.
The other top suspect has been Cuba. Oswald admired Fidel
Castro; he was a member of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee in
the United States; he visited the Cuban embassy in Mexico City a
a Soviet hand in Oswald's actions. Also, had Oswald been
recruited as a Soviet agent, the Russians would not have been
likely to allow him to defect, as he did--thereby exposing his
relationship with them.
The other top suspect has been Cuba. Oswald admired Fidel
Castro; he was a member of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee in
the United States; he visited the Cuban embassy in Mexico City a
few weeks before the assassination, seeking a travel visa to that
country. Because the CIA was backing assassination plots against
Castro at the time, some speculate that Castro may have
retaliated through Oswald.
But, as with the theory of Soviet involvement, there is no
evidence. At one point, there did appear to be some. A young
country. Because the CIA was backing assassination plots against
Castro at the time, some speculate that Castro may have
retaliated through Oswald.
But, as with the theory of Soviet involvement, there is no
evidence. At one point, there did appear to be some. A young
Central American informant told U.S. authorities he saw Oswald in
the Cuban embassy, talking to two other men, one of whom was
the Cuban embassy, talking to two other men, one of whom was
conversing in Spanish. Later, he said, Oswald supposedly received
$6,500 to kill an important person. Under questioning, however,
the informant admitted he had never seen Oswald and had
fabricated the transaction, wishing to stir up American hatred
for Castro's Cuba. Subsequently, he retracted his retraction.
Finally, he failed a lie-detector test. Anyway, Oswald did not
speak Spanish.
Another account suggesting possible Cuban involvement was
provided by a Cuban exile who testified before the Warren
commission. She said two Hispanic men and an Anglo man they
identified as "Leon Oswald" came to her Dallas apartment 28 days
before the assassination. She said they spoke vaguely of Cuban
revolutionary plans before she turned them away. She identified
Oswald in television film as the man she had seen, but federal
$6,500 to kill an important person. Under questioning, however,
the informant admitted he had never seen Oswald and had
fabricated the transaction, wishing to stir up American hatred
for Castro's Cuba. Subsequently, he retracted his retraction.
Finally, he failed a lie-detector test. Anyway, Oswald did not
speak Spanish.
Another account suggesting possible Cuban involvement was
provided by a Cuban exile who testified before the Warren
commission. She said two Hispanic men and an Anglo man they
identified as "Leon Oswald" came to her Dallas apartment 28 days
before the assassination. She said they spoke vaguely of Cuban
revolutionary plans before she turned them away. She identified
Oswald in television film as the man she had seen, but federal
investigators said they do not believe it was him. They said they
believe that at that time, Oswald was traveling from his New
Orleans home to Mexico in his quest for a Cuban entry visa.
The most publicized theories involving Oswald accomplices
are those that have featured other gunmen.
These various versions have assassins firing from other
windows in the depository building; from the Dal-Tex building;
believe that at that time, Oswald was traveling from his New
Orleans home to Mexico in his quest for a Cuban entry visa.
The most publicized theories involving Oswald accomplices
are those that have featured other gunmen.
These various versions have assassins firing from other
windows in the depository building; from the Dal-Tex building;
from sewer drains, a grassy knoll near Dealey Plaza, the railroad
bridge over Elm, Main and Commerce streets and the Dallas County
Courthouse roof; and firing with silencers or automatic weapons.
The arguments surrounding these claims:
- One-man, one-bullet: The first shot that wounded Kennedy
in the neck did not also hit John Connally, as the Warren
Commission concluded. Rather they were struck by individual
bullets simultaneously, requiring that there be two shooters. A
team of experts, including a National Aeronautics and Space
Administration engineer, conducted an exhaustive study of this
question in 1978. The panel's conclusion: It is not only
possible, but almost certain that Kennedy and Connally were hit
by the same bullet.
- Filmed accomplices: Photographs of Dealey Plaza taken at
the time of the assassination show a dim form behind a wall on a
grassy knoll to the right and in front of the presidential
limousine. However, investigators found no spent cartridges,
weapons or footprints in this area. A panel of photography
experts concluded in 1978 that the images on the film were
shadows.
Films and photos also show a man in Dealey Plaza opening and
closing a black umbrella. Conspiracy theories suggest he was
signaling gunmen or that some weapon was hidden in the umbrella.
bridge over Elm, Main and Commerce streets and the Dallas County
Courthouse roof; and firing with silencers or automatic weapons.
The arguments surrounding these claims:
- One-man, one-bullet: The first shot that wounded Kennedy
in the neck did not also hit John Connally, as the Warren
Commission concluded. Rather they were struck by individual
bullets simultaneously, requiring that there be two shooters. A
team of experts, including a National Aeronautics and Space
Administration engineer, conducted an exhaustive study of this
question in 1978. The panel's conclusion: It is not only
possible, but almost certain that Kennedy and Connally were hit
by the same bullet.
- Filmed accomplices: Photographs of Dealey Plaza taken at
the time of the assassination show a dim form behind a wall on a
grassy knoll to the right and in front of the presidential
limousine. However, investigators found no spent cartridges,
weapons or footprints in this area. A panel of photography
experts concluded in 1978 that the images on the film were
shadows.
Films and photos also show a man in Dealey Plaza opening and
closing a black umbrella. Conspiracy theories suggest he was
signaling gunmen or that some weapon was hidden in the umbrella.
But at a hearing of the House Assassinations Committee in 1978, a
mild-mannered Dallas insurance worker identified himself as the
mysterious "umbrella man" and said he was only trying to harass
Kennedy.
- Head movement: The famous Zapruder film of the
assassination clearly shows President Kennedy's head lurching
mild-mannered Dallas insurance worker identified himself as the
mysterious "umbrella man" and said he was only trying to harass
Kennedy.
- Head movement: The famous Zapruder film of the
assassination clearly shows President Kennedy's head lurching
backward when it was struck by the fatal gunshot. If the shot had
come from behind, conspiracy theorists reason, the impact would
come from behind, conspiracy theorists reason, the impact would
have driven the President's head forward. Nonetheless, a panel of
medical experts concluded in 1978 that Kennedy's head wounds were
caused by a shot from the rear. Moreover, a panel of
wound-ballistics scientists concluded that the backward motion
was caused by the sudden tightening of the President's neck
muscles.
- Tape-recorded sounds: Sound transmitted through the
microphone of a motorcycle patrolman in the motorcade, and
recorded at Dallas police headquarters, shows four noise
"spikes." At the behest of the House Assassinations Committee in
1978, three acoustical experts conducted three test gunshot
caused by a shot from the rear. Moreover, a panel of
wound-ballistics scientists concluded that the backward motion
was caused by the sudden tightening of the President's neck
muscles.
- Tape-recorded sounds: Sound transmitted through the
microphone of a motorcycle patrolman in the motorcade, and
recorded at Dallas police headquarters, shows four noise
"spikes." At the behest of the House Assassinations Committee in
1978, three acoustical experts conducted three test gunshot
firings in Dealey Plaza, compared the sounds and concluded it was
95 percent certain that four shots had been fired. The Warren
Commission had concluded that no more than three shots had been
fired from the window. The source of the previously unknown one,
the acoustical experts said, was the grassy knoll area.
The finding was the first scientific evidence supporting a
conspiracy theory and stirred an uproar. But it, too, was later
discounted. Twelve experts assembled by the National Research
Council reviewed the tapes and concluded the "spikes" were
actually recorded about a minute after the assassination.
The Assassinations Committee also grappled futily with the
prospect of a likely colleague for Oswald. "The question is with
95 percent certain that four shots had been fired. The Warren
Commission had concluded that no more than three shots had been
fired from the window. The source of the previously unknown one,
the acoustical experts said, was the grassy knoll area.
The finding was the first scientific evidence supporting a
conspiracy theory and stirred an uproar. But it, too, was later
discounted. Twelve experts assembled by the National Research
Council reviewed the tapes and concluded the "spikes" were
actually recorded about a minute after the assassination.
The Assassinations Committee also grappled futily with the
prospect of a likely colleague for Oswald. "The question is with
who," said one member of the now-defunct committee. "If there's a
conspirator, then who could it have been? We asked ourselves over
and over: What associates did Oswald have, where was there
evidence of conspiracy? We found none."
Oswald was manipulated: These theories suggest that Oswald,
and perhaps other operatives, were unknowingly influenced in
their actions.
There can be only one reasonable candidate to mastermind
and over: What associates did Oswald have, where was there
evidence of conspiracy? We found none."
Oswald was manipulated: These theories suggest that Oswald,
and perhaps other operatives, were unknowingly influenced in
their actions.
There can be only one reasonable candidate to mastermind
such a project--the KGB. It would have been the only organization
with the scientific means and the extended access to Oswald. Even
some Warren Commission lawyers and CIA members briefly toyed with
the possibility. Because Oswald spent some time in a Soviet
hospital while residing in Russia, there was the suspicion he
might have been brainwashed.
Once again, the problem is that there is no evidence to
suggest Oswald was brainwashed. Moreover, the CIA believes KGB
"mind conditioning" techniques at the time were primitive.
Surely, it is impossible to rule out the prospect of a
the possibility. Because Oswald spent some time in a Soviet
hospital while residing in Russia, there was the suspicion he
might have been brainwashed.
Once again, the problem is that there is no evidence to
suggest Oswald was brainwashed. Moreover, the CIA believes KGB
"mind conditioning" techniques at the time were primitive.
Surely, it is impossible to rule out the prospect of a
conspiracy in the assassination. The Warren Commission itself did
not do so. "Because of the difficulty of providing negatives to a
certainty," the panel said, proving there was no conspiracy
"cannot be established categorically." However, the panel said,
"if there is any such evidence it has been beyond the reach of
all the investigative agencies and resources of the United
States."
Twenty years later, that is still the case.
certainty," the panel said, proving there was no conspiracy
"cannot be established categorically." However, the panel said,
"if there is any such evidence it has been beyond the reach of
all the investigative agencies and resources of the United
States."
Twenty years later, that is still the case.
</p></xml>

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<xml><p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
Subject: Keyword(s) : KENNEDY and ASSASSINATION
Title : The Day John Kennedy Died
Author : Bryan Woolley
Source : Dallas Times Herald (Dallas, Texas)
Publication Date : Nov. 20, 1983
Page Number(s) : Sec. Sec. 2-3
DALLAS TIMES HERALD
(Dallas, Texas)
Nov. 20, 1983, Special Section, pp. 2-3
Reprinted with permission from the author.
THE DAY JOHN KENNEDY DIED
Sun cleared dawn's drizzle, but gloom clouded Dallas
by Bryan Woolley
Staff Writer
The valet walked past the Secret Service guard and entered
Suite 850 of Fort Worth's Texas Hotel. He knocked on the door of
the master bedroom. It was 7:30 a.m. "Mr. President," he said,
"it's raining out."
President John F. Kennedy, coming out of sleep, replied,
"That's too bad."
While he was dressing, he heard the murmur of the crowd
outside and went to the window. Below him, 5,000 people were
standing patiently in the soft drizzle, some wearing raincoats,
some holding umbrellas, most simply ignoring the weather. They
were office and factory workers. They had begun gathering before
dawn to hear the speech the President would make in the parking
lot where they stood. Mounted police officers wearing yellow
slickers moved among them. "Gosh, look at the crowd!" the
President said to his wife. "Just look! Isn't that terrific."
In the lobby, he was joined by Vice President Lyndon
Johnson, Gov. John Connally, Sen. Ralph Yarborough, several
members of Congress and the president of the Fort Worth Chamber
of Commerce. They crossed Eighth Street and plunged into the
crowd, shaking hands, smiling. They mounted the truck that was to
serve as the speaker's platform. Kennedy grabbed the microphone
and shouted: "There are no faint hearts in Fort Worth!"
The crowd cheered. Somebody yelled, "Where's Jackie?"
Kennedy pointed toward his eighth-floor window. "Mrs.
Kennedy is organizing herself," he replied. "It takes her a
little longer, but, of course, she looks better than we do when
she does it."
Fort Worth was the third stop on the President's five-city
Texas tour. He had ridden through Houston and San Antonio like a
triumphant emperor, and Fort Worth had stayed up past midnight to
welcome the handsome 46-year-old President and his beautiful
34-year-old wife, lining their route from Carswell Air Force base
to the hotel.
After an informal speech in the parking lot, he would go to
the hotel, deliver a breakfast speech, fly from Carswell to Love
Field, ride in a motorcade through Dallas, deliver a speech at a
$100-a-plate luncheon at the Dallas Trade Mart, fly to Austin for
a banquet and a reception at the Governor's Mansion, and then go
to the LBJ ranch for a weekend of rest.
Back inside the Texas Hotel, Kennedy accepted the ceremonial
cowboy hat from his hosts, but refused to wear it for
photographers and TV cameramen. He would model it later, he said,
at the White House. His breakfast speech was the standard
fence-mending one-- about the greatness of Texas and Fort Worth
and the Democratic Party--and it drew a thunderous ovation.
The President and the first lady retired to Suite 850 to
prepare for the flight to Dallas. Kennedy placed a call to former
Vice President John Nance "Cactus Jack" Garner in Uvalde, Texas,
to wish him a happy 95th birthday, and an aide showed him a
black-bordered full-page ad with a sardonic headline in The
Dallas Morning News. "Welcome Mr. Kennedy to Dallas," it read. In
13 rhetorical questions, something called the "American
Fact-Finding Committee" accused the administration of selling out
the world to communism.
"Oh, you know, we're heading into nut country today," the
President said. Mrs. Kennedy later told author William Manchester
that he paced the floor and then stopped in front of her. "You
know, last night would have been a hell of a night to assassinate
a president," he said. "There was the rain and the night, and we
were all getting jostled. Suppose a man had a pistol in a
briefcase." He pointed a finger at the wall and pretended to fire
two shots.
Not many in the presidential party were looking forward to
Dallas. Several Texans--some from Dallas--had warned the
President not to include Dallas on his Texas tour, that an ugly
incident was likely to occur there. But Kennedy insisted that the
state's second-largest city be placed on the itinerary.
So the preparations had been made. Dallas civic leaders had
launched a public relations campaign to try to ensure a friendly
turnout for the President.
Seven hundred law officers--city police officers and
firefighters, sheriff's deputies, Texas Rangers and state highway
patrol officers--had been assembled to keep order. About the time
that John Kennedy was waking up, Dallas Police Chief Jesse Curry
had gone on TV to warn that his officers would take "immediate
action to block any improper conduct." If the police were
inadequate, he said, even citizen's arrests were authorized.
Others were preparing, too, in the early morning. Waiters
were setting the places for the Trade Mart luncheon. A warehouse
worker named Lee Harvey Oswald sneaked a rifle and a telescopic
sight into the Texas School Book Depository. Because of forecasts
showing that the rain probably would be past Dallas by the time
the presidential party arrived, a Kennedy aide told the Secret
Service not to put the bubble-top on the big blue limousine in
which the President and Mrs. Kennedy would ride.
Air Force One had barely left the runway at Carswell before
it began its descent toward Love Field. The flight took only 13
minutes. The big plane touched down at 11:38 a.m. Police armed
with rifles stood along the roof of the terminal building. A
large crowd waited beyond a chain-link fence. Many in the crowd
were jumping, screaming, waving placards: "We Love Jack," "Hooray
for JFK." Others were less friendly. They held placards, too:
"Help Kennedy Stamp Out Democracy," "In 1964 Goldwater and
Freedom," "Yankees Go Home And Take Your Equals With You." They
booed and hissed when the President and first lady emerged from
the plane, smiled, waved and descended the stairs of Air Force
One.
For the fourth time in 24 hours, Lyndon and Lady Bird
Johnson were waiting to welcome the Kennedys to a Texas city. The
presidential couple was introduced to the 12-man official
welcoming committee. Mrs. Earle Cabell, wife of the Dallas mayor,
presented Mrs. Kennedy with a bouquet of red roses. Then Kennedy
broke from the official cluster and moved along the chain-link
fence, smiling, shaking hands; letting people touch him.
At 11:55, two motorcycle police officers led the motorcade
out of Love Field and turned left on Mockingbird Lane. Police
Chief Curry drove the lead car. With him rode Dallas County
Sheriff Bill Decker and two Secret Service agents. Then came
three more motorcycles. Then the blue limousine with two Secret
Service agents in the front, John and Nellie Connally in the jump
seats and the Kennedys in the back seat. Two motorcycles flanked
the car on each side. Next was another convertible, full of
Kennedy aides and Secret Service agents, and four more agents
standing on its running boards.
Then came the vice presidential convertible, carrying two
Secret Service agents, the Johnsons and Yarborough. A Texas
highway patrol officer and four Secret Service agents rode in the
next car. A press pool car, a press bus, convertibles bearing
photographers, and cars carrying lesser dignitaries completed the
procession.
The motorcade would move through a sizable portion of
Dallas--along Mockingbird to Lemmon Avenue, right on Lemmon to
Turtle Creek Boulevard, along Turtle Creek and Cedar Springs Road
to Harwood Street, down Harwood to Main Street, where, at City
Hall, it would turn right and move westward along Main through
the downtown business district.
At the west end of downtown, it would turn right onto
Houston Street and then immediately left onto Elm Street and move
through the Triple Underpass. A few yards beyond the underpass,
it would turn right again onto Stemmons Expressway and move to
the Trade Mart at the intersection of Stemmons and Harry Hines
Boulevard. After the President's speech, it would proceed out
Harry Hines to Mockingbird, turn right, and return to Love Field.
The sidewalk crowds were sparse at first. A few people in
the factories and offices along Mockingbird came out to have a
look. The sun was bright now, and Mrs. Kennedy was regretting
that she was wearing the pink wool suit. She had expected woolen
weather. It was, after all, late November. She put on sunglasses,
but her husband told her to take them off. The people wanted to
see her, he said.
At the corner of Lemmon and Lomo Alto, a group of children
held a long banner reading, "Please Stop and Shake Our Hands."
Kennedy ordered his driver to stop. He got out and shook their
hands. Farther along, he ordered another stop and got out to
greet a group of nuns. At Lee Park on Turtle Creek, the crowd
began to thicken. And at Harwood and Live Oak, still two blocks
from the turn onto Main, the people in the motorcade heard the
downtown crowd murmuring like a distant tide.
When the caravan made the turn, it faced pandemonium. People
were standing 10 and 12 deep on the sidewalks. Red, white and
blue bunting fluttered from the buildings. People leaned out
windows, waving and screaming. There were no picket signs, no
sour faces. The feared Dallas crowd was friendly--even adoring.
The nuts had stayed home. It was 12:21 p.m.
At the Trade Mart, the luncheon guests were showing their
tickets to the door guards and filing to their seats. The huge
building was surrounded by Dallas and Texas police, standing at
parade rest, holding riot sticks, glaring at a handful of
protesters. Inside the atrium hall, parakeets flew freely from
tree to tree. A fountain splashed. An organist was practicing
"Hail to the Chief." Dozens of yellow roses adorned the head
table. The presidential seal had been mounted on the rostrum.
As the motorcade neared Houston Street, the size of the
crowd diminished, but the cheers and applause were still hearty.
Nellie Connally turned in her seat and said, "You can't say
Dallas doesn't love you, Mr. President."
Kennedy replied, "No, you can't."
Workers from the Texas School Book Depository, the Dal-Tex
Building and the Dallas County buildings lined the sidewalks at
Houston and Elm as the head of the motorcade turned toward the
Triple Underpass. Others stood on the grass of Dealey Plaza. Many
had brought their children to see the President. Several
spectators noticed a man standing very still in a sixth-floor
corner window of the depository. One man saw the rifle he was
holding and assumed he was a Secret Service agent.
As the blue limousine made the sharp left turn from Houston
onto Elm, the Hertz rental car time-and-temperature sign on the
roof of the depository red 12:30. A Secret Service man in the
motorcade radioed the Trade Mart: "Halfback to Base. Five minutes
to destination." He wrote in his shift log: "12:35 p.m. President
Kennedy arrived at Trade Mart."
Some thought the noises were firecrackers. Others thought a
motorcycle was backfiring. Some recognized them as rifle shots.
Pigeons flew from the roof of the depository. Kennedy lurched
forward and grabbed his neck.
Sen. Yarborough, in the vice president's car, cried, "My
God! They've shot the President!" Secret Service agent Rufus
Youngblood climbed from the front seat to the back, threw Johnson
to the floorboard and covered him with his own body.
In the blue limousine, Gov. Connally had been hit, too. He
pitched forward and fell toward his wife. "No, no, no, no, no!"
he screamed.
Then another shot. The President's head exploded. Blood
spattered the occupants of the blue car. The first lady, in
shock, tried to climb out over the trunk. A Secret Service agent
pushed her back. The car slowed and then lurched out of the
motorcade line and sped past the Triple Underpass, with Chief
Curry's car and the Secret Service car in pursuit.
UPI White House correspondent Merriman Smith was sitting in
the middle of the front seat of the press pool car. He grabbed
the mobile phone. He called the wire service's Dallas bureau and
dictated the first bulletin: "Three shots were fired at President
Kennedy's motorcade in downtown Dallas."
The cheers of greeting in Dealey Plaza rose to screams of
horror and fear. "They killed him! They killed him! They killed
him!" Parents grabbed children and ran. Men and women lay
prostrate on the grass and sidewalks, as if dead. The motorcade
was disintegrating, the cars veering hither and yon, trying to
get through the crowd and follow the limousine. Helmeted police
officers leaped from motorcycles, pulled guns, looked wildly
about. The Hertz clock still read 12:30.
The staff at Parkland Memorial Hospital had only five
minutes notice of the massive emergency rushing upon them, and
many thought the message was a joke. When the blue car arrived,
they weren't ready. No one was waiting at the emergency entrance.
A Secret Service agent dashed inside to order stretchers.
Connally--whose wounds were serious but not fatal--was
wheeled to Trauma Room No. 2, Kennedy to Trauma Room No. 1. Teams
of surgeons and nurses went to work. The Secret Service regrouped
around the Johnsons and hustled them to seclusion in another part
of the hospital. Reporters dashed around the halls and offices,
searching for phones. Parkland patients heard the news and rushed
to have a look.
"Gentlemen," a weeping Yarborough told reporters, "this has
been a deed of horror. Excalibur has sunk beneath the waves."
Mrs. Kennedy insisted on being in the trauma room with her
husband. A nurse protested, but she was admitted.
Outside, more of the motorcade vehicles were arriving. Their
passengers tumbled out and stared in horror at the blood-soaked
convertible.
At 1 p.m., Dr. Kemp Clark, the senior physician working on
the President, pronounced him dead. A priest administered last
rites. At 1:13, the news was carried to the vice president. At
1:26, the Secret Service, fearing the assassination was part of a
massive plot against the government, spirited the Johnsons away
to unmarked cars and sped to Love Field. They boarded Air Force
One at 1:33, while Kennedy press aide Malcolm Kilduff was
announcing the President's death to the press.
Police were still combing the Dealey Plaza area for
Kennedy's murderer. Indeed, only a minute after the fatal shot
was fired, Marrion Baker, a Dallas motorcycle officer, had
pointed his pistol at Lee Harvey Oswald. Baker had been riding by
the Texas School Book Depository when the killing occurred, and
he jumped off his motorcycle and dashed inside with Roy Truly,
the building's superintendent. They encountered Oswald in the
second-floor lunchroom. Baker drew his gun. "Do you know this
man?" he asked Truly. "Does he work here?" Truly said he did, and
Baker let him go. A minute later, Oswald walked out the front
door of the depository, where he encountered NBC reporter Robert
MacNeil, who was looking for a phone. Oswald told him he could
find one inside. Five minutes later, police sealed off the door.
At 12:44, Oswald boarded a bus at Elm and Murphy streets,
seven blocks from the depository, but got off a few minutes later
when the bus was caught in a traffic snarl. By 12:45, Dallas
police had questioned the witness who had seen the man standing
in the depository window with the rifle and had broadcast his
description from a radio car in front of the depository. Two
minutes later, Oswald caught a taxicab at the Greyhound bus
station and rode to Beckley and Neely, a corner near his Oak
Cliff rooming house. He went to his room, got a pistol and left
again.
Meanwhile, Roy Truly had drawn up a list of depository
employees and told police that Oswald was missing. At 1:12,
sheriff's deputies found three empty cartridge cases near the
sixth floor corner window. Ten minutes later, they would find the
rifle, hidden between boxes of textbooks in the room.
At 1:15, Dallas officer J.D. Tippett was cruising by a drug
store at 10th and Patton, less than a mile from the Oak Cliff
rooming house, and spotted Oswald walking along the sidewalk.
Tippett, for reasons never determined, pulled over and stopped
him. Oswald jerked his pistol from under his jacket, shot four
times and ran away. Nine people saw the shooting. A pickup truck
driver took the dead officer's radio mike and said, "Hello,
police operator. We've had a shooting out here."
On Air Force One, stewards were removing some of the seats
in the tail compartment to make room for President Kennedy's
coffin. In the plane's stateroom, Lyndon Johnson was watching
Walter Cronkite on television and was asking aides and
congressmen whether he should be sworn in immediately or wait
until they had returned to Washington. Some thought he should
wait. Others thought it might be dangerous for the country to be
without a President while he was en route. Johnson decided he
would assume the office in Dallas. "Now," he said, "What about
the oath?"
The aides and congressmen were embarrassed. They could
remember neither the words nor where to find them. They couldn't
remember who, besides Supreme Court justices, was authorized to
administer the oath. Everyone was in such shock and confusion
that phone calls were made to several Justice Department
officials in Washington and Dallas before someone remembered that
a President may be sworn in by any judge and that the oath is in
the Constitution. Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach
dictated it by phone from Washington, and U.S. District Judge
Sarah Hughes, an old friend of Johnson who had been appointed to
the North Texas federal bench by Kennedy, was dispatched to Love
Field.
At 1:40, Lee Oswald ran into the Texas Theater on West
Jefferson--eight blocks from officer Tippit's body--without
buying a ticket. The box office attendant called the police.
Cruisers began converging on the theater. At 1:50, the house
lights went up, and officers moved up and down the aisles, looked
into the faces of the few patrons. Officer M.N. McDonald stopped
at the 10th row and said to a man sitting alone: "Get up."
"Well, it's all over now," Oswald said, according to
witnesses and he stood up. But when McDonald moved closer, Oswald
struck him in the face and went for his pistol. McDonald struck
back and grabbed for the gun. Oswald pulled the trigger, but the
web of skin between McDonald's thumb and forefinger was caught
under the hammer. The gun didn't fire. Other officers joined the
fight. They subdued Oswald and hustled him out of the theater. "I
protest this police brutality!" Oswald shouted.
Twenty-five minutes later, Capt. Will Fritz, chief of
homicide, returned to the Police Department and ordered that the
missing Texas School Book Depository worker named Lee Harvey
Oswald be arrested as a suspect in the presidential killing. An
officer pointed to a small young man with a bruised eye who was
sitting in a chair. "There he sits," he said.
At Parkland, a Secret Service agent called Oneal's Funeral
Home in Oak Lawn to order a casket. The funeral director, Vernon
Oneal, arrived with it at 1:30. After the President's body had
been placed in the casket, Mrs. Kennedy entered Trauma Room No.
1, took off her wedding ring and placed it on her husband's
finger. The casket was closed and placed on a funeral home cart
to be moved to the hearse.
Dr. Earl Rose, the Dallas County medical examiner,
protested. Kennedy was a homicide victim, he said, and the body
couldn't be released legally until after an autopsy had been
performed. A quarrel developed between him and the Secret
Service. Kennedy aides and the Secret Service agents forced the
casket through the crowd that had gathered at the hospital door
and loaded it into the hearse. Mrs. Kennedy rode in the back with
it. At 2:20, the dead President was carried up the stairs into
Air Force One. Mrs. Kennedy retired to the bedroom.
Judge Hughes boarded the plane at 2:35 and was handed a
small white card with the oath scrawled on it. Capt. Cecil
Stoughton, an Army Signal Corps photographer, tried to arrange
the crowd in the cramped stateroom so that he could take a
picture of the ceremony. "We'll wait for Mrs. Kennedy," Johnson
said. "I want her here."
Mrs. Kennedy came out of the bedroom still wearing the
blood-soaked pink suit. Johnson pressed her hand and said, "This
is the saddest moment of my life." The photographer placed her on
Johnson's left, Lady Bird on his right. Judge Hughes, the first
woman to administer the presidential oath, was shaking.
"What about a Bible?" asked one of the witnesses. Someone
remembered that President Kennedy had kept a Bible in the bedroom
and went to get it.
"I do solemnly swear..."
The oath lasted 28 seconds. At 2:38 p.m., Lyndon B. Johnson
became the 36th President of the United States. The big jet's
engines already were screaming. "Now, let's get airborne," he
said.
</xml>

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<xml><p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
<xml><p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
Subject: Keyword(s) : KENNEDY and ASSASSINATION
Title : The Day John Kennedy Died
Author : Bryan Woolley
Source : Dallas Times Herald (Dallas, Texas)
Publication Date : Nov. 20, 1983
Title : The Day John Kennedy Died
Author : Bryan Woolley
Source : Dallas Times Herald (Dallas, Texas)
Publication Date : Nov. 20, 1983
Page Number(s) : Sec. Sec. 2-3
DALLAS TIMES HERALD
(Dallas, Texas)
Nov. 20, 1983, Special Section, pp. 2-3
Reprinted with permission from the author.
THE DAY JOHN KENNEDY DIED
Sun cleared dawn's drizzle, but gloom clouded Dallas
by Bryan Woolley
Staff Writer
The valet walked past the Secret Service guard and entered
Suite 850 of Fort Worth's Texas Hotel. He knocked on the door of
the master bedroom. It was 7:30 a.m. "Mr. President," he said,
"it's raining out."
President John F. Kennedy, coming out of sleep, replied,
"That's too bad."
While he was dressing, he heard the murmur of the crowd
outside and went to the window. Below him, 5,000 people were
standing patiently in the soft drizzle, some wearing raincoats,
some holding umbrellas, most simply ignoring the weather. They
were office and factory workers. They had begun gathering before
dawn to hear the speech the President would make in the parking
lot where they stood. Mounted police officers wearing yellow
slickers moved among them. "Gosh, look at the crowd!" the
President said to his wife. "Just look! Isn't that terrific."
In the lobby, he was joined by Vice President Lyndon
Johnson, Gov. John Connally, Sen. Ralph Yarborough, several
members of Congress and the president of the Fort Worth Chamber
of Commerce. They crossed Eighth Street and plunged into the
DALLAS TIMES HERALD
(Dallas, Texas)
Nov. 20, 1983, Special Section, pp. 2-3
Reprinted with permission from the author.
THE DAY JOHN KENNEDY DIED
Sun cleared dawn's drizzle, but gloom clouded Dallas
by Bryan Woolley
Staff Writer
The valet walked past the Secret Service guard and entered
Suite 850 of Fort Worth's Texas Hotel. He knocked on the door of
the master bedroom. It was 7:30 a.m. "Mr. President," he said,
"it's raining out."
President John F. Kennedy, coming out of sleep, replied,
"That's too bad."
While he was dressing, he heard the murmur of the crowd
outside and went to the window. Below him, 5,000 people were
standing patiently in the soft drizzle, some wearing raincoats,
some holding umbrellas, most simply ignoring the weather. They
were office and factory workers. They had begun gathering before
dawn to hear the speech the President would make in the parking
lot where they stood. Mounted police officers wearing yellow
slickers moved among them. "Gosh, look at the crowd!" the
President said to his wife. "Just look! Isn't that terrific."
In the lobby, he was joined by Vice President Lyndon
Johnson, Gov. John Connally, Sen. Ralph Yarborough, several
members of Congress and the president of the Fort Worth Chamber
of Commerce. They crossed Eighth Street and plunged into the
crowd, shaking hands, smiling. They mounted the truck that was to
serve as the speaker's platform. Kennedy grabbed the microphone
and shouted: "There are no faint hearts in Fort Worth!"
The crowd cheered. Somebody yelled, "Where's Jackie?"
Kennedy pointed toward his eighth-floor window. "Mrs.
Kennedy is organizing herself," he replied. "It takes her a
little longer, but, of course, she looks better than we do when
she does it."
Fort Worth was the third stop on the President's five-city
Texas tour. He had ridden through Houston and San Antonio like a
serve as the speaker's platform. Kennedy grabbed the microphone
and shouted: "There are no faint hearts in Fort Worth!"
The crowd cheered. Somebody yelled, "Where's Jackie?"
Kennedy pointed toward his eighth-floor window. "Mrs.
Kennedy is organizing herself," he replied. "It takes her a
little longer, but, of course, she looks better than we do when
she does it."
Fort Worth was the third stop on the President's five-city
Texas tour. He had ridden through Houston and San Antonio like a
triumphant emperor, and Fort Worth had stayed up past midnight to
welcome the handsome 46-year-old President and his beautiful
welcome the handsome 46-year-old President and his beautiful
34-year-old wife, lining their route from Carswell Air Force base
to the hotel.
After an informal speech in the parking lot, he would go to
the hotel, deliver a breakfast speech, fly from Carswell to Love
Field, ride in a motorcade through Dallas, deliver a speech at a
to the hotel.
After an informal speech in the parking lot, he would go to
the hotel, deliver a breakfast speech, fly from Carswell to Love
Field, ride in a motorcade through Dallas, deliver a speech at a
$100-a-plate luncheon at the Dallas Trade Mart, fly to Austin for
a banquet and a reception at the Governor's Mansion, and then go
to the LBJ ranch for a weekend of rest.
Back inside the Texas Hotel, Kennedy accepted the ceremonial
cowboy hat from his hosts, but refused to wear it for
a banquet and a reception at the Governor's Mansion, and then go
to the LBJ ranch for a weekend of rest.
Back inside the Texas Hotel, Kennedy accepted the ceremonial
cowboy hat from his hosts, but refused to wear it for
photographers and TV cameramen. He would model it later, he said,
at the White House. His breakfast speech was the standard
fence-mending one-- about the greatness of Texas and Fort Worth
and the Democratic Party--and it drew a thunderous ovation.
The President and the first lady retired to Suite 850 to
at the White House. His breakfast speech was the standard
fence-mending one-- about the greatness of Texas and Fort Worth
and the Democratic Party--and it drew a thunderous ovation.
The President and the first lady retired to Suite 850 to
prepare for the flight to Dallas. Kennedy placed a call to former
Vice President John Nance "Cactus Jack" Garner in Uvalde, Texas,
to wish him a happy 95th birthday, and an aide showed him a
black-bordered full-page ad with a sardonic headline in The
Vice President John Nance "Cactus Jack" Garner in Uvalde, Texas,
to wish him a happy 95th birthday, and an aide showed him a
black-bordered full-page ad with a sardonic headline in The
Dallas Morning News. "Welcome Mr. Kennedy to Dallas," it read. In
13 rhetorical questions, something called the "American
13 rhetorical questions, something called the "American
Fact-Finding Committee" accused the administration of selling out
the world to communism.
"Oh, you know, we're heading into nut country today," the
the world to communism.
"Oh, you know, we're heading into nut country today," the
President said. Mrs. Kennedy later told author William Manchester
that he paced the floor and then stopped in front of her. "You
that he paced the floor and then stopped in front of her. "You
know, last night would have been a hell of a night to assassinate
a president," he said. "There was the rain and the night, and we
were all getting jostled. Suppose a man had a pistol in a
a president," he said. "There was the rain and the night, and we
were all getting jostled. Suppose a man had a pistol in a
briefcase." He pointed a finger at the wall and pretended to fire
two shots.
Not many in the presidential party were looking forward to
Dallas. Several Texans--some from Dallas--had warned the
President not to include Dallas on his Texas tour, that an ugly
two shots.
Not many in the presidential party were looking forward to
Dallas. Several Texans--some from Dallas--had warned the
President not to include Dallas on his Texas tour, that an ugly
incident was likely to occur there. But Kennedy insisted that the
state's second-largest city be placed on the itinerary.
So the preparations had been made. Dallas civic leaders had
launched a public relations campaign to try to ensure a friendly
turnout for the President.
Seven hundred law officers--city police officers and
state's second-largest city be placed on the itinerary.
So the preparations had been made. Dallas civic leaders had
launched a public relations campaign to try to ensure a friendly
turnout for the President.
Seven hundred law officers--city police officers and
firefighters, sheriff's deputies, Texas Rangers and state highway
patrol officers--had been assembled to keep order. About the time
that John Kennedy was waking up, Dallas Police Chief Jesse Curry
had gone on TV to warn that his officers would take "immediate
action to block any improper conduct." If the police were
inadequate, he said, even citizen's arrests were authorized.
Others were preparing, too, in the early morning. Waiters
were setting the places for the Trade Mart luncheon. A warehouse
worker named Lee Harvey Oswald sneaked a rifle and a telescopic
that John Kennedy was waking up, Dallas Police Chief Jesse Curry
had gone on TV to warn that his officers would take "immediate
action to block any improper conduct." If the police were
inadequate, he said, even citizen's arrests were authorized.
Others were preparing, too, in the early morning. Waiters
were setting the places for the Trade Mart luncheon. A warehouse
worker named Lee Harvey Oswald sneaked a rifle and a telescopic
sight into the Texas School Book Depository. Because of forecasts
showing that the rain probably would be past Dallas by the time
the presidential party arrived, a Kennedy aide told the Secret
Service not to put the bubble-top on the big blue limousine in
which the President and Mrs. Kennedy would ride.
Air Force One had barely left the runway at Carswell before
it began its descent toward Love Field. The flight took only 13
minutes. The big plane touched down at 11:38 a.m. Police armed
with rifles stood along the roof of the terminal building. A
large crowd waited beyond a chain-link fence. Many in the crowd
showing that the rain probably would be past Dallas by the time
the presidential party arrived, a Kennedy aide told the Secret
Service not to put the bubble-top on the big blue limousine in
which the President and Mrs. Kennedy would ride.
Air Force One had barely left the runway at Carswell before
it began its descent toward Love Field. The flight took only 13
minutes. The big plane touched down at 11:38 a.m. Police armed
with rifles stood along the roof of the terminal building. A
large crowd waited beyond a chain-link fence. Many in the crowd
were jumping, screaming, waving placards: "We Love Jack," "Hooray
for JFK." Others were less friendly. They held placards, too:
"Help Kennedy Stamp Out Democracy," "In 1964 Goldwater and
Freedom," "Yankees Go Home And Take Your Equals With You." They
booed and hissed when the President and first lady emerged from
the plane, smiled, waved and descended the stairs of Air Force
One.
For the fourth time in 24 hours, Lyndon and Lady Bird
for JFK." Others were less friendly. They held placards, too:
"Help Kennedy Stamp Out Democracy," "In 1964 Goldwater and
Freedom," "Yankees Go Home And Take Your Equals With You." They
booed and hissed when the President and first lady emerged from
the plane, smiled, waved and descended the stairs of Air Force
One.
For the fourth time in 24 hours, Lyndon and Lady Bird
Johnson were waiting to welcome the Kennedys to a Texas city. The
presidential couple was introduced to the 12-man official
presidential couple was introduced to the 12-man official
welcoming committee. Mrs. Earle Cabell, wife of the Dallas mayor,
presented Mrs. Kennedy with a bouquet of red roses. Then Kennedy
broke from the official cluster and moved along the chain-link
fence, smiling, shaking hands; letting people touch him.
At 11:55, two motorcycle police officers led the motorcade
out of Love Field and turned left on Mockingbird Lane. Police
Chief Curry drove the lead car. With him rode Dallas County
Sheriff Bill Decker and two Secret Service agents. Then came
three more motorcycles. Then the blue limousine with two Secret
presented Mrs. Kennedy with a bouquet of red roses. Then Kennedy
broke from the official cluster and moved along the chain-link
fence, smiling, shaking hands; letting people touch him.
At 11:55, two motorcycle police officers led the motorcade
out of Love Field and turned left on Mockingbird Lane. Police
Chief Curry drove the lead car. With him rode Dallas County
Sheriff Bill Decker and two Secret Service agents. Then came
three more motorcycles. Then the blue limousine with two Secret
Service agents in the front, John and Nellie Connally in the jump
seats and the Kennedys in the back seat. Two motorcycles flanked
the car on each side. Next was another convertible, full of
Kennedy aides and Secret Service agents, and four more agents
standing on its running boards.
Then came the vice presidential convertible, carrying two
Secret Service agents, the Johnsons and Yarborough. A Texas
seats and the Kennedys in the back seat. Two motorcycles flanked
the car on each side. Next was another convertible, full of
Kennedy aides and Secret Service agents, and four more agents
standing on its running boards.
Then came the vice presidential convertible, carrying two
Secret Service agents, the Johnsons and Yarborough. A Texas
highway patrol officer and four Secret Service agents rode in the
next car. A press pool car, a press bus, convertibles bearing
next car. A press pool car, a press bus, convertibles bearing
photographers, and cars carrying lesser dignitaries completed the
procession.
The motorcade would move through a sizable portion of
Dallas--along Mockingbird to Lemmon Avenue, right on Lemmon to
procession.
The motorcade would move through a sizable portion of
Dallas--along Mockingbird to Lemmon Avenue, right on Lemmon to
Turtle Creek Boulevard, along Turtle Creek and Cedar Springs Road
to Harwood Street, down Harwood to Main Street, where, at City
Hall, it would turn right and move westward along Main through
the downtown business district.
At the west end of downtown, it would turn right onto
to Harwood Street, down Harwood to Main Street, where, at City
Hall, it would turn right and move westward along Main through
the downtown business district.
At the west end of downtown, it would turn right onto
Houston Street and then immediately left onto Elm Street and move
through the Triple Underpass. A few yards beyond the underpass,
it would turn right again onto Stemmons Expressway and move to
the Trade Mart at the intersection of Stemmons and Harry Hines
Boulevard. After the President's speech, it would proceed out
through the Triple Underpass. A few yards beyond the underpass,
it would turn right again onto Stemmons Expressway and move to
the Trade Mart at the intersection of Stemmons and Harry Hines
Boulevard. After the President's speech, it would proceed out
Harry Hines to Mockingbird, turn right, and return to Love Field.
The sidewalk crowds were sparse at first. A few people in
the factories and offices along Mockingbird came out to have a
look. The sun was bright now, and Mrs. Kennedy was regretting
that she was wearing the pink wool suit. She had expected woolen
The sidewalk crowds were sparse at first. A few people in
the factories and offices along Mockingbird came out to have a
look. The sun was bright now, and Mrs. Kennedy was regretting
that she was wearing the pink wool suit. She had expected woolen
weather. It was, after all, late November. She put on sunglasses,
but her husband told her to take them off. The people wanted to
see her, he said.
At the corner of Lemmon and Lomo Alto, a group of children
held a long banner reading, "Please Stop and Shake Our Hands."
Kennedy ordered his driver to stop. He got out and shook their
hands. Farther along, he ordered another stop and got out to
greet a group of nuns. At Lee Park on Turtle Creek, the crowd
began to thicken. And at Harwood and Live Oak, still two blocks
from the turn onto Main, the people in the motorcade heard the
downtown crowd murmuring like a distant tide.
When the caravan made the turn, it faced pandemonium. People
were standing 10 and 12 deep on the sidewalks. Red, white and
blue bunting fluttered from the buildings. People leaned out
windows, waving and screaming. There were no picket signs, no
sour faces. The feared Dallas crowd was friendly--even adoring.
The nuts had stayed home. It was 12:21 p.m.
At the Trade Mart, the luncheon guests were showing their
tickets to the door guards and filing to their seats. The huge
building was surrounded by Dallas and Texas police, standing at
parade rest, holding riot sticks, glaring at a handful of
protesters. Inside the atrium hall, parakeets flew freely from
tree to tree. A fountain splashed. An organist was practicing
"Hail to the Chief." Dozens of yellow roses adorned the head
table. The presidential seal had been mounted on the rostrum.
As the motorcade neared Houston Street, the size of the
crowd diminished, but the cheers and applause were still hearty.
Nellie Connally turned in her seat and said, "You can't say
Dallas doesn't love you, Mr. President."
Kennedy replied, "No, you can't."
Workers from the Texas School Book Depository, the Dal-Tex
Building and the Dallas County buildings lined the sidewalks at
Houston and Elm as the head of the motorcade turned toward the
but her husband told her to take them off. The people wanted to
see her, he said.
At the corner of Lemmon and Lomo Alto, a group of children
held a long banner reading, "Please Stop and Shake Our Hands."
Kennedy ordered his driver to stop. He got out and shook their
hands. Farther along, he ordered another stop and got out to
greet a group of nuns. At Lee Park on Turtle Creek, the crowd
began to thicken. And at Harwood and Live Oak, still two blocks
from the turn onto Main, the people in the motorcade heard the
downtown crowd murmuring like a distant tide.
When the caravan made the turn, it faced pandemonium. People
were standing 10 and 12 deep on the sidewalks. Red, white and
blue bunting fluttered from the buildings. People leaned out
windows, waving and screaming. There were no picket signs, no
sour faces. The feared Dallas crowd was friendly--even adoring.
The nuts had stayed home. It was 12:21 p.m.
At the Trade Mart, the luncheon guests were showing their
tickets to the door guards and filing to their seats. The huge
building was surrounded by Dallas and Texas police, standing at
parade rest, holding riot sticks, glaring at a handful of
protesters. Inside the atrium hall, parakeets flew freely from
tree to tree. A fountain splashed. An organist was practicing
"Hail to the Chief." Dozens of yellow roses adorned the head
table. The presidential seal had been mounted on the rostrum.
As the motorcade neared Houston Street, the size of the
crowd diminished, but the cheers and applause were still hearty.
Nellie Connally turned in her seat and said, "You can't say
Dallas doesn't love you, Mr. President."
Kennedy replied, "No, you can't."
Workers from the Texas School Book Depository, the Dal-Tex
Building and the Dallas County buildings lined the sidewalks at
Houston and Elm as the head of the motorcade turned toward the
Triple Underpass. Others stood on the grass of Dealey Plaza. Many
had brought their children to see the President. Several
spectators noticed a man standing very still in a sixth-floor
corner window of the depository. One man saw the rifle he was
holding and assumed he was a Secret Service agent.
As the blue limousine made the sharp left turn from Houston
onto Elm, the Hertz rental car time-and-temperature sign on the
roof of the depository red 12:30. A Secret Service man in the
had brought their children to see the President. Several
spectators noticed a man standing very still in a sixth-floor
corner window of the depository. One man saw the rifle he was
holding and assumed he was a Secret Service agent.
As the blue limousine made the sharp left turn from Houston
onto Elm, the Hertz rental car time-and-temperature sign on the
roof of the depository red 12:30. A Secret Service man in the
motorcade radioed the Trade Mart: "Halfback to Base. Five minutes
to destination." He wrote in his shift log: "12:35 p.m. President
Kennedy arrived at Trade Mart."
Some thought the noises were firecrackers. Others thought a
motorcycle was backfiring. Some recognized them as rifle shots.
Pigeons flew from the roof of the depository. Kennedy lurched
forward and grabbed his neck.
Sen. Yarborough, in the vice president's car, cried, "My
God! They've shot the President!" Secret Service agent Rufus
Kennedy arrived at Trade Mart."
Some thought the noises were firecrackers. Others thought a
motorcycle was backfiring. Some recognized them as rifle shots.
Pigeons flew from the roof of the depository. Kennedy lurched
forward and grabbed his neck.
Sen. Yarborough, in the vice president's car, cried, "My
God! They've shot the President!" Secret Service agent Rufus
Youngblood climbed from the front seat to the back, threw Johnson
to the floorboard and covered him with his own body.
In the blue limousine, Gov. Connally had been hit, too. He
pitched forward and fell toward his wife. "No, no, no, no, no!"
he screamed.
Then another shot. The President's head exploded. Blood
spattered the occupants of the blue car. The first lady, in
shock, tried to climb out over the trunk. A Secret Service agent
pushed her back. The car slowed and then lurched out of the
motorcade line and sped past the Triple Underpass, with Chief
Curry's car and the Secret Service car in pursuit.
UPI White House correspondent Merriman Smith was sitting in
the middle of the front seat of the press pool car. He grabbed
the mobile phone. He called the wire service's Dallas bureau and
to the floorboard and covered him with his own body.
In the blue limousine, Gov. Connally had been hit, too. He
pitched forward and fell toward his wife. "No, no, no, no, no!"
he screamed.
Then another shot. The President's head exploded. Blood
spattered the occupants of the blue car. The first lady, in
shock, tried to climb out over the trunk. A Secret Service agent
pushed her back. The car slowed and then lurched out of the
motorcade line and sped past the Triple Underpass, with Chief
Curry's car and the Secret Service car in pursuit.
UPI White House correspondent Merriman Smith was sitting in
the middle of the front seat of the press pool car. He grabbed
the mobile phone. He called the wire service's Dallas bureau and
dictated the first bulletin: "Three shots were fired at President
Kennedy's motorcade in downtown Dallas."
The cheers of greeting in Dealey Plaza rose to screams of
horror and fear. "They killed him! They killed him! They killed
him!" Parents grabbed children and ran. Men and women lay
prostrate on the grass and sidewalks, as if dead. The motorcade
was disintegrating, the cars veering hither and yon, trying to
get through the crowd and follow the limousine. Helmeted police
officers leaped from motorcycles, pulled guns, looked wildly
about. The Hertz clock still read 12:30.
The staff at Parkland Memorial Hospital had only five
minutes notice of the massive emergency rushing upon them, and
many thought the message was a joke. When the blue car arrived,
Kennedy's motorcade in downtown Dallas."
The cheers of greeting in Dealey Plaza rose to screams of
horror and fear. "They killed him! They killed him! They killed
him!" Parents grabbed children and ran. Men and women lay
prostrate on the grass and sidewalks, as if dead. The motorcade
was disintegrating, the cars veering hither and yon, trying to
get through the crowd and follow the limousine. Helmeted police
officers leaped from motorcycles, pulled guns, looked wildly
about. The Hertz clock still read 12:30.
The staff at Parkland Memorial Hospital had only five
minutes notice of the massive emergency rushing upon them, and
many thought the message was a joke. When the blue car arrived,
they weren't ready. No one was waiting at the emergency entrance.
A Secret Service agent dashed inside to order stretchers.
Connally--whose wounds were serious but not fatal--was
A Secret Service agent dashed inside to order stretchers.
Connally--whose wounds were serious but not fatal--was
wheeled to Trauma Room No. 2, Kennedy to Trauma Room No. 1. Teams
of surgeons and nurses went to work. The Secret Service regrouped
around the Johnsons and hustled them to seclusion in another part
of the hospital. Reporters dashed around the halls and offices,
of the hospital. Reporters dashed around the halls and offices,
searching for phones. Parkland patients heard the news and rushed
to have a look.
"Gentlemen," a weeping Yarborough told reporters, "this has
been a deed of horror. Excalibur has sunk beneath the waves."
Mrs. Kennedy insisted on being in the trauma room with her
husband. A nurse protested, but she was admitted.
Outside, more of the motorcade vehicles were arriving. Their
passengers tumbled out and stared in horror at the blood-soaked
convertible.
At 1 p.m., Dr. Kemp Clark, the senior physician working on
the President, pronounced him dead. A priest administered last
rites. At 1:13, the news was carried to the vice president. At
to have a look.
"Gentlemen," a weeping Yarborough told reporters, "this has
been a deed of horror. Excalibur has sunk beneath the waves."
Mrs. Kennedy insisted on being in the trauma room with her
husband. A nurse protested, but she was admitted.
Outside, more of the motorcade vehicles were arriving. Their
passengers tumbled out and stared in horror at the blood-soaked
convertible.
At 1 p.m., Dr. Kemp Clark, the senior physician working on
the President, pronounced him dead. A priest administered last
rites. At 1:13, the news was carried to the vice president. At
1:26, the Secret Service, fearing the assassination was part of a
massive plot against the government, spirited the Johnsons away
to unmarked cars and sped to Love Field. They boarded Air Force
One at 1:33, while Kennedy press aide Malcolm Kilduff was
announcing the President's death to the press.
Police were still combing the Dealey Plaza area for
Kennedy's murderer. Indeed, only a minute after the fatal shot
was fired, Marrion Baker, a Dallas motorcycle officer, had
massive plot against the government, spirited the Johnsons away
to unmarked cars and sped to Love Field. They boarded Air Force
One at 1:33, while Kennedy press aide Malcolm Kilduff was
announcing the President's death to the press.
Police were still combing the Dealey Plaza area for
Kennedy's murderer. Indeed, only a minute after the fatal shot
was fired, Marrion Baker, a Dallas motorcycle officer, had
pointed his pistol at Lee Harvey Oswald. Baker had been riding by
the Texas School Book Depository when the killing occurred, and
he jumped off his motorcycle and dashed inside with Roy Truly,
the building's superintendent. They encountered Oswald in the
second-floor lunchroom. Baker drew his gun. "Do you know this
the Texas School Book Depository when the killing occurred, and
he jumped off his motorcycle and dashed inside with Roy Truly,
the building's superintendent. They encountered Oswald in the
second-floor lunchroom. Baker drew his gun. "Do you know this
man?" he asked Truly. "Does he work here?" Truly said he did, and
Baker let him go. A minute later, Oswald walked out the front
door of the depository, where he encountered NBC reporter Robert
MacNeil, who was looking for a phone. Oswald told him he could
find one inside. Five minutes later, police sealed off the door.
At 12:44, Oswald boarded a bus at Elm and Murphy streets,
Baker let him go. A minute later, Oswald walked out the front
door of the depository, where he encountered NBC reporter Robert
MacNeil, who was looking for a phone. Oswald told him he could
find one inside. Five minutes later, police sealed off the door.
At 12:44, Oswald boarded a bus at Elm and Murphy streets,
seven blocks from the depository, but got off a few minutes later
when the bus was caught in a traffic snarl. By 12:45, Dallas
police had questioned the witness who had seen the man standing
in the depository window with the rifle and had broadcast his
description from a radio car in front of the depository. Two
minutes later, Oswald caught a taxicab at the Greyhound bus
station and rode to Beckley and Neely, a corner near his Oak
Cliff rooming house. He went to his room, got a pistol and left
again.
Meanwhile, Roy Truly had drawn up a list of depository
employees and told police that Oswald was missing. At 1:12,
sheriff's deputies found three empty cartridge cases near the
when the bus was caught in a traffic snarl. By 12:45, Dallas
police had questioned the witness who had seen the man standing
in the depository window with the rifle and had broadcast his
description from a radio car in front of the depository. Two
minutes later, Oswald caught a taxicab at the Greyhound bus
station and rode to Beckley and Neely, a corner near his Oak
Cliff rooming house. He went to his room, got a pistol and left
again.
Meanwhile, Roy Truly had drawn up a list of depository
employees and told police that Oswald was missing. At 1:12,
sheriff's deputies found three empty cartridge cases near the
sixth floor corner window. Ten minutes later, they would find the
rifle, hidden between boxes of textbooks in the room.
At 1:15, Dallas officer J.D. Tippett was cruising by a drug
store at 10th and Patton, less than a mile from the Oak Cliff
rooming house, and spotted Oswald walking along the sidewalk.
Tippett, for reasons never determined, pulled over and stopped
him. Oswald jerked his pistol from under his jacket, shot four
times and ran away. Nine people saw the shooting. A pickup truck
driver took the dead officer's radio mike and said, "Hello,
police operator. We've had a shooting out here."
On Air Force One, stewards were removing some of the seats
in the tail compartment to make room for President Kennedy's
coffin. In the plane's stateroom, Lyndon Johnson was watching
Walter Cronkite on television and was asking aides and
congressmen whether he should be sworn in immediately or wait
until they had returned to Washington. Some thought he should
wait. Others thought it might be dangerous for the country to be
without a President while he was en route. Johnson decided he
would assume the office in Dallas. "Now," he said, "What about
the oath?"
The aides and congressmen were embarrassed. They could
remember neither the words nor where to find them. They couldn't
remember who, besides Supreme Court justices, was authorized to
administer the oath. Everyone was in such shock and confusion
that phone calls were made to several Justice Department
rifle, hidden between boxes of textbooks in the room.
At 1:15, Dallas officer J.D. Tippett was cruising by a drug
store at 10th and Patton, less than a mile from the Oak Cliff
rooming house, and spotted Oswald walking along the sidewalk.
Tippett, for reasons never determined, pulled over and stopped
him. Oswald jerked his pistol from under his jacket, shot four
times and ran away. Nine people saw the shooting. A pickup truck
driver took the dead officer's radio mike and said, "Hello,
police operator. We've had a shooting out here."
On Air Force One, stewards were removing some of the seats
in the tail compartment to make room for President Kennedy's
coffin. In the plane's stateroom, Lyndon Johnson was watching
Walter Cronkite on television and was asking aides and
congressmen whether he should be sworn in immediately or wait
until they had returned to Washington. Some thought he should
wait. Others thought it might be dangerous for the country to be
without a President while he was en route. Johnson decided he
would assume the office in Dallas. "Now," he said, "What about
the oath?"
The aides and congressmen were embarrassed. They could
remember neither the words nor where to find them. They couldn't
remember who, besides Supreme Court justices, was authorized to
administer the oath. Everyone was in such shock and confusion
that phone calls were made to several Justice Department
officials in Washington and Dallas before someone remembered that
a President may be sworn in by any judge and that the oath is in
the Constitution. Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach
dictated it by phone from Washington, and U.S. District Judge
Sarah Hughes, an old friend of Johnson who had been appointed to
the North Texas federal bench by Kennedy, was dispatched to Love
Field.
At 1:40, Lee Oswald ran into the Texas Theater on West
Jefferson--eight blocks from officer Tippit's body--without
buying a ticket. The box office attendant called the police.
Cruisers began converging on the theater. At 1:50, the house
a President may be sworn in by any judge and that the oath is in
the Constitution. Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach
dictated it by phone from Washington, and U.S. District Judge
Sarah Hughes, an old friend of Johnson who had been appointed to
the North Texas federal bench by Kennedy, was dispatched to Love
Field.
At 1:40, Lee Oswald ran into the Texas Theater on West
Jefferson--eight blocks from officer Tippit's body--without
buying a ticket. The box office attendant called the police.
Cruisers began converging on the theater. At 1:50, the house
lights went up, and officers moved up and down the aisles, looked
into the faces of the few patrons. Officer M.N. McDonald stopped
at the 10th row and said to a man sitting alone: "Get up."
"Well, it's all over now," Oswald said, according to
into the faces of the few patrons. Officer M.N. McDonald stopped
at the 10th row and said to a man sitting alone: "Get up."
"Well, it's all over now," Oswald said, according to
witnesses and he stood up. But when McDonald moved closer, Oswald
struck him in the face and went for his pistol. McDonald struck
back and grabbed for the gun. Oswald pulled the trigger, but the
web of skin between McDonald's thumb and forefinger was caught
under the hammer. The gun didn't fire. Other officers joined the
struck him in the face and went for his pistol. McDonald struck
back and grabbed for the gun. Oswald pulled the trigger, but the
web of skin between McDonald's thumb and forefinger was caught
under the hammer. The gun didn't fire. Other officers joined the
fight. They subdued Oswald and hustled him out of the theater. "I
protest this police brutality!" Oswald shouted.
Twenty-five minutes later, Capt. Will Fritz, chief of
homicide, returned to the Police Department and ordered that the
missing Texas School Book Depository worker named Lee Harvey
Oswald be arrested as a suspect in the presidential killing. An
officer pointed to a small young man with a bruised eye who was
sitting in a chair. "There he sits," he said.
At Parkland, a Secret Service agent called Oneal's Funeral
Home in Oak Lawn to order a casket. The funeral director, Vernon
Oneal, arrived with it at 1:30. After the President's body had
been placed in the casket, Mrs. Kennedy entered Trauma Room No.
1, took off her wedding ring and placed it on her husband's
finger. The casket was closed and placed on a funeral home cart
to be moved to the hearse.
Dr. Earl Rose, the Dallas County medical examiner,
protested. Kennedy was a homicide victim, he said, and the body
couldn't be released legally until after an autopsy had been
performed. A quarrel developed between him and the Secret
Service. Kennedy aides and the Secret Service agents forced the
casket through the crowd that had gathered at the hospital door
protest this police brutality!" Oswald shouted.
Twenty-five minutes later, Capt. Will Fritz, chief of
homicide, returned to the Police Department and ordered that the
missing Texas School Book Depository worker named Lee Harvey
Oswald be arrested as a suspect in the presidential killing. An
officer pointed to a small young man with a bruised eye who was
sitting in a chair. "There he sits," he said.
At Parkland, a Secret Service agent called Oneal's Funeral
Home in Oak Lawn to order a casket. The funeral director, Vernon
Oneal, arrived with it at 1:30. After the President's body had
been placed in the casket, Mrs. Kennedy entered Trauma Room No.
1, took off her wedding ring and placed it on her husband's
finger. The casket was closed and placed on a funeral home cart
to be moved to the hearse.
Dr. Earl Rose, the Dallas County medical examiner,
protested. Kennedy was a homicide victim, he said, and the body
couldn't be released legally until after an autopsy had been
performed. A quarrel developed between him and the Secret
Service. Kennedy aides and the Secret Service agents forced the
casket through the crowd that had gathered at the hospital door
and loaded it into the hearse. Mrs. Kennedy rode in the back with
it. At 2:20, the dead President was carried up the stairs into
Air Force One. Mrs. Kennedy retired to the bedroom.
Judge Hughes boarded the plane at 2:35 and was handed a
small white card with the oath scrawled on it. Capt. Cecil
Stoughton, an Army Signal Corps photographer, tried to arrange
the crowd in the cramped stateroom so that he could take a
picture of the ceremony. "We'll wait for Mrs. Kennedy," Johnson
said. "I want her here."
Mrs. Kennedy came out of the bedroom still wearing the
blood-soaked pink suit. Johnson pressed her hand and said, "This
it. At 2:20, the dead President was carried up the stairs into
Air Force One. Mrs. Kennedy retired to the bedroom.
Judge Hughes boarded the plane at 2:35 and was handed a
small white card with the oath scrawled on it. Capt. Cecil
Stoughton, an Army Signal Corps photographer, tried to arrange
the crowd in the cramped stateroom so that he could take a
picture of the ceremony. "We'll wait for Mrs. Kennedy," Johnson
said. "I want her here."
Mrs. Kennedy came out of the bedroom still wearing the
blood-soaked pink suit. Johnson pressed her hand and said, "This
is the saddest moment of my life." The photographer placed her on
Johnson's left, Lady Bird on his right. Judge Hughes, the first
woman to administer the presidential oath, was shaking.
"What about a Bible?" asked one of the witnesses. Someone
Johnson's left, Lady Bird on his right. Judge Hughes, the first
woman to administer the presidential oath, was shaking.
"What about a Bible?" asked one of the witnesses. Someone
remembered that President Kennedy had kept a Bible in the bedroom
and went to get it.
"I do solemnly swear..."
The oath lasted 28 seconds. At 2:38 p.m., Lyndon B. Johnson
became the 36th President of the United States. The big jet's
engines already were screaming. "Now, let's get airborne," he
said.
and went to get it.
"I do solemnly swear..."
The oath lasted 28 seconds. At 2:38 p.m., Lyndon B. Johnson
became the 36th President of the United States. The big jet's
engines already were screaming. "Now, let's get airborne," he
said.
</p></xml>

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<xml><p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
Subject: Keyword(s) : KENNEDY and ASSASSINATION
Title : A Remembrance of Kennedy
Author : Jim Henderson
Source : Dallas Times Herald (Dallas, Texas)
Publication Date : Nov. 20, 1983
Page Number(s) : Special Sec. 1+
. . . Reprinted with permission from
DALLAS TIMES HERALD
(Dallas, Texas)
Nov. 20, 1983, Special Section, pp. 1+
A REMEMBRANCE OF KENNEDY
by Jim Henderson
Staff Writer
`Let the word go forth from this time and place...that the torch
has been passed to a new generation of Americans--born in this
century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,
proud of our ancient heritage.'
After 20 years, the events seem as compressed as a leanly
edited videotape.
A sunny day, a dark convertible, a steady din rebounding
from the canyon walls above a crowded street, three cracks from a
rifle in a sniper's nest, a scramble below, engines racing, a
sobbing black woman outside Parkland Memorial Hospital, a
policeman shot across town, a pronouncement of death, a scrawny,
handcuffed suspect in a corridor with Jack Ruby's .38 exploding
in his belly.
The nation was stunned by the images that were transmitted
from Dallas--hard images formed in terse, teletype prose and more
vivid ones fashioned from bits and pieces of celluloid.
America paused to watch the newsreel.
A new President quickly sworn in and airlifted into command,
a bloodstained widow never far from the coffin, a change to
black, a bewildered daughter kneeling before a flag-draped box in
the Capitol rotunda, the wintry streets of the capital, a dark
riderless horse with empty boots facing backward in the stirrups,
a slow-moving caisson, a young boy saluting the honor guard
carrying his father to Arlington National Cemetery, the lighting
of the eternal flame.
On the day John F. Kennedy was buried, Alistair Cooke wrote:
"He was snuffed out. In that moment, all the decent grief of a
nation was taunted and outraged. So along with the sorrow, there
is a desperate and howling note from over the land. We may pray
on our knees, but when we get up from them, we cry with the poet:
Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the
dying of the light."
It is only in memory that the howling note from those four
days flits past. Behind the newsreel, the hours were agonizing
and interminable. For many, particularly in Dallas, time moved as
slowly as a motorcade or a horse-drawn caisson.
Erik Jonsson, then-president of the Dallas Citizens Council,
would recall the anxiety he felt when the President did not show
up on schedule for a luncheon at the Trade Mart. What's going on?
he asked himself over and over as the wait, only a few moments in
duration, seemed endless.
After 12:33 p.m. Nov. 22, 1963, the time the first news
bulletin notified the republic that its President had been shot
in Dallas, the city stood motionless and helpless, waiting for
the firestorm of scorn. It came in searing, overlapping bursts.
"Are these human beings or are these animals?" Adlai Stevenson
had asked moments after he escaped from a violent crowd in Dallas
a month earlier.
The world looked again at Dallas with the same question. It
would seem, in the slow-motion drift of events, that the answer
would never come. Dallas mourned the assassination as the rest of
the nation mourned it, as a deeply personal tragedy.
Schoolteachers wept as they broke the news to their classes. Men
cried in public. Rage and shame and guilt and dread melted into
one great immobilizing glob of emotional turmoil.
An eternity, two hours and 20 minutes, passed before the
truth would be known. Kennedy's assassin was not of Dallas, was
far removed from the nation's perception of the city and the
city's own worst fears of itself.
In time, the world, as well as Dallas, would believe the
city was merely caught in one of history's inscrutable warps,
that it was only by chance that the light passing through the
long prism of that era intersected in Dealey Plaza.
The howl that was heard through the dark night of those
times had the tone of a primal scream, a victim raging against a
felon. In truth, it was a cry of national doubt, of the sense
that America would not be the same. More than mere innocence was
lost that day in Dallas. With it went the cable that anchored the
nation to its sense of order.
To the historians who define eras in terms of events rather
than years, the decade of the '60s was born in Dallas.
In a great, shuddering spasm, the fragile floodgates that
had held back the reservoir of a restless social movement was
punctured by the bullets that rained down from the Texas School
Book Depository.
Within months, America would experience the first of her
long hot summers, just the beginning of another newsreel: the
dogs and fire hoses of Birmingham, the first smiling Marines
marching into Vietnam and returning in body bags, campus radicals
occupying the administration building at Columbia University,
rioting outside the Democratic National Convention in Chicago,
the fires of Watts and Newark and Detroit, Dr. Strangelove,
Apollo 11, Woodstock, Charles Manson, the cultural revolution,
the counterculture revolution, the sexual revolution, the
yippies, the hippies, the peaceniks and the crazies.
In 1968, Stuart Udall, secretary of interior for both
Kennedy and Johnson, was asked his opinion of the times, which
seemed to be reeling out of control. He offered a sober, but
startling, observation.
"This may be remembered," he said, "as the most creative
time in our history."
It did not seem such an outrageous judgment when the
hurricane had passed. A sorting out had occurred in the storm.
Not many years would pass before a black preacher from Chicago
would run for the presidency. Women would flood the work place
and supervise staffs of men. Men with an eye on the White House
could talk of a female running mate without risking ridicule.
Wars would be harder to make, nuclear waste harder to conceal,
books harder to burn, air harder to pollute, justice harder to
deny.
America was starkly different. Kennedy's presidency and his
assassination may have been essential to unlocking the passions
of the time, but what the land became was neither his legacy, nor
Oswald's nor Dallas.'
After the trauma and shame and guilt were gone, the judgment
of history would be that Kennedy and Oswald, Edwin Walker and
Martin Luther King, George Wallace and Stokely Carmichael, Angela
Davis and George Lincoln Rockwell, Dallas and Los Angeles,
Memphis and Birmingham, Detroit and Da Nang were fragments of the
American character, slivers of the dream and the nightmare.
The legacy of that sunlit moment in Dallas was a nation's
fretful and all-consuming search for itself, a long and howling
rage against the dying of the light.
</xml>

268
regexConsp/art-07.xml
View File

@ -1,154 +1,154 @@
<xml><p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
<xml><p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
Subject: Keyword(s) : KENNEDY and ASSASSINATION
Title : A Remembrance of Kennedy
Author : Jim Henderson
Source : Dallas Times Herald (Dallas, Texas)
Publication Date : Nov. 20, 1983
Title : A Remembrance of Kennedy
Author : Jim Henderson
Source : Dallas Times Herald (Dallas, Texas)
Publication Date : Nov. 20, 1983
Page Number(s) : Special Sec. 1+
. . . Reprinted with permission from
DALLAS TIMES HERALD
(Dallas, Texas)
Nov. 20, 1983, Special Section, pp. 1+
A REMEMBRANCE OF KENNEDY
by Jim Henderson
Staff Writer
`Let the word go forth from this time and place...that the torch
has been passed to a new generation of Americans--born in this
. . . Reprinted with permission from
DALLAS TIMES HERALD
(Dallas, Texas)
Nov. 20, 1983, Special Section, pp. 1+
A REMEMBRANCE OF KENNEDY
by Jim Henderson
Staff Writer
`Let the word go forth from this time and place...that the torch
has been passed to a new generation of Americans--born in this
century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,
proud of our ancient heritage.'
After 20 years, the events seem as compressed as a leanly
edited videotape.
A sunny day, a dark convertible, a steady din rebounding
proud of our ancient heritage.'
After 20 years, the events seem as compressed as a leanly
edited videotape.
A sunny day, a dark convertible, a steady din rebounding
from the canyon walls above a crowded street, three cracks from a
rifle in a sniper's nest, a scramble below, engines racing, a
sobbing black woman outside Parkland Memorial Hospital, a
policeman shot across town, a pronouncement of death, a scrawny,
handcuffed suspect in a corridor with Jack Ruby's .38 exploding
in his belly.
The nation was stunned by the images that were transmitted
rifle in a sniper's nest, a scramble below, engines racing, a
sobbing black woman outside Parkland Memorial Hospital, a
policeman shot across town, a pronouncement of death, a scrawny,
handcuffed suspect in a corridor with Jack Ruby's .38 exploding
in his belly.
The nation was stunned by the images that were transmitted
from Dallas--hard images formed in terse, teletype prose and more
vivid ones fashioned from bits and pieces of celluloid.
America paused to watch the newsreel.
A new President quickly sworn in and airlifted into command,
a bloodstained widow never far from the coffin, a change to
vivid ones fashioned from bits and pieces of celluloid.
America paused to watch the newsreel.
A new President quickly sworn in and airlifted into command,
a bloodstained widow never far from the coffin, a change to
black, a bewildered daughter kneeling before a flag-draped box in
the Capitol rotunda, the wintry streets of the capital, a dark
the Capitol rotunda, the wintry streets of the capital, a dark
riderless horse with empty boots facing backward in the stirrups,
a slow-moving caisson, a young boy saluting the honor guard
carrying his father to Arlington National Cemetery, the lighting
of the eternal flame.
On the day John F. Kennedy was buried, Alistair Cooke wrote:
"He was snuffed out. In that moment, all the decent grief of a
nation was taunted and outraged. So along with the sorrow, there
is a desperate and howling note from over the land. We may pray
a slow-moving caisson, a young boy saluting the honor guard
carrying his father to Arlington National Cemetery, the lighting
of the eternal flame.
On the day John F. Kennedy was buried, Alistair Cooke wrote:
"He was snuffed out. In that moment, all the decent grief of a
nation was taunted and outraged. So along with the sorrow, there
is a desperate and howling note from over the land. We may pray
on our knees, but when we get up from them, we cry with the poet:
Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the
dying of the light."
It is only in memory that the howling note from those four
days flits past. Behind the newsreel, the hours were agonizing
Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the
dying of the light."
It is only in memory that the howling note from those four
days flits past. Behind the newsreel, the hours were agonizing
and interminable. For many, particularly in Dallas, time moved as
slowly as a motorcade or a horse-drawn caisson.
Erik Jonsson, then-president of the Dallas Citizens Council,
would recall the anxiety he felt when the President did not show
slowly as a motorcade or a horse-drawn caisson.
Erik Jonsson, then-president of the Dallas Citizens Council,
would recall the anxiety he felt when the President did not show
up on schedule for a luncheon at the Trade Mart. What's going on?
he asked himself over and over as the wait, only a few moments in
duration, seemed endless.
After 12:33 p.m. Nov. 22, 1963, the time the first news
bulletin notified the republic that its President had been shot
in Dallas, the city stood motionless and helpless, waiting for
the firestorm of scorn. It came in searing, overlapping bursts.
"Are these human beings or are these animals?" Adlai Stevenson
duration, seemed endless.
After 12:33 p.m. Nov. 22, 1963, the time the first news
bulletin notified the republic that its President had been shot
in Dallas, the city stood motionless and helpless, waiting for
the firestorm of scorn. It came in searing, overlapping bursts.
"Are these human beings or are these animals?" Adlai Stevenson
had asked moments after he escaped from a violent crowd in Dallas
a month earlier.
The world looked again at Dallas with the same question. It
would seem, in the slow-motion drift of events, that the answer
a month earlier.
The world looked again at Dallas with the same question. It
would seem, in the slow-motion drift of events, that the answer
would never come. Dallas mourned the assassination as the rest of
the nation mourned it, as a deeply personal tragedy.
Schoolteachers wept as they broke the news to their classes. Men
cried in public. Rage and shame and guilt and dread melted into
one great immobilizing glob of emotional turmoil.
An eternity, two hours and 20 minutes, passed before the
truth would be known. Kennedy's assassin was not of Dallas, was
far removed from the nation's perception of the city and the
city's own worst fears of itself.
In time, the world, as well as Dallas, would believe the
city was merely caught in one of history's inscrutable warps,
that it was only by chance that the light passing through the
long prism of that era intersected in Dealey Plaza.
The howl that was heard through the dark night of those
times had the tone of a primal scream, a victim raging against a
felon. In truth, it was a cry of national doubt, of the sense
that America would not be the same. More than mere innocence was
the nation mourned it, as a deeply personal tragedy.
Schoolteachers wept as they broke the news to their classes. Men
cried in public. Rage and shame and guilt and dread melted into
one great immobilizing glob of emotional turmoil.
An eternity, two hours and 20 minutes, passed before the
truth would be known. Kennedy's assassin was not of Dallas, was
far removed from the nation's perception of the city and the
city's own worst fears of itself.
In time, the world, as well as Dallas, would believe the
city was merely caught in one of history's inscrutable warps,
that it was only by chance that the light passing through the
long prism of that era intersected in Dealey Plaza.
The howl that was heard through the dark night of those
times had the tone of a primal scream, a victim raging against a
felon. In truth, it was a cry of national doubt, of the sense
that America would not be the same. More than mere innocence was
lost that day in Dallas. With it went the cable that anchored the
nation to its sense of order.
To the historians who define eras in terms of events rather
than years, the decade of the '60s was born in Dallas.
In a great, shuddering spasm, the fragile floodgates that
had held back the reservoir of a restless social movement was
punctured by the bullets that rained down from the Texas School
Book Depository.
Within months, America would experience the first of her
long hot summers, just the beginning of another newsreel: the
dogs and fire hoses of Birmingham, the first smiling Marines
nation to its sense of order.
To the historians who define eras in terms of events rather
than years, the decade of the '60s was born in Dallas.
In a great, shuddering spasm, the fragile floodgates that
had held back the reservoir of a restless social movement was
punctured by the bullets that rained down from the Texas School
Book Depository.
Within months, America would experience the first of her
long hot summers, just the beginning of another newsreel: the
dogs and fire hoses of Birmingham, the first smiling Marines
marching into Vietnam and returning in body bags, campus radicals
occupying the administration building at Columbia University,
rioting outside the Democratic National Convention in Chicago,
the fires of Watts and Newark and Detroit, Dr. Strangelove,
Apollo 11, Woodstock, Charles Manson, the cultural revolution,
the counterculture revolution, the sexual revolution, the
yippies, the hippies, the peaceniks and the crazies.
In 1968, Stuart Udall, secretary of interior for both
Kennedy and Johnson, was asked his opinion of the times, which
seemed to be reeling out of control. He offered a sober, but
startling, observation.
"This may be remembered," he said, "as the most creative
time in our history."
It did not seem such an outrageous judgment when the
hurricane had passed. A sorting out had occurred in the storm.
Not many years would pass before a black preacher from Chicago
would run for the presidency. Women would flood the work place
and supervise staffs of men. Men with an eye on the White House
could talk of a female running mate without risking ridicule.
Wars would be harder to make, nuclear waste harder to conceal,
books harder to burn, air harder to pollute, justice harder to
deny.
America was starkly different. Kennedy's presidency and his
assassination may have been essential to unlocking the passions
occupying the administration building at Columbia University,
rioting outside the Democratic National Convention in Chicago,
the fires of Watts and Newark and Detroit, Dr. Strangelove,
Apollo 11, Woodstock, Charles Manson, the cultural revolution,
the counterculture revolution, the sexual revolution, the
yippies, the hippies, the peaceniks and the crazies.
In 1968, Stuart Udall, secretary of interior for both
Kennedy and Johnson, was asked his opinion of the times, which
seemed to be reeling out of control. He offered a sober, but
startling, observation.
"This may be remembered," he said, "as the most creative
time in our history."
It did not seem such an outrageous judgment when the
hurricane had passed. A sorting out had occurred in the storm.
Not many years would pass before a black preacher from Chicago
would run for the presidency. Women would flood the work place
and supervise staffs of men. Men with an eye on the White House
could talk of a female running mate without risking ridicule.
Wars would be harder to make, nuclear waste harder to conceal,
books harder to burn, air harder to pollute, justice harder to
deny.
America was starkly different. Kennedy's presidency and his
assassination may have been essential to unlocking the passions
of the time, but what the land became was neither his legacy, nor
Oswald's nor Dallas.'
After the trauma and shame and guilt were gone, the judgment
of history would be that Kennedy and Oswald, Edwin Walker and
Oswald's nor Dallas.'
After the trauma and shame and guilt were gone, the judgment
of history would be that Kennedy and Oswald, Edwin Walker and
Martin Luther King, George Wallace and Stokely Carmichael, Angela
Davis and George Lincoln Rockwell, Dallas and Los Angeles,
Davis and George Lincoln Rockwell, Dallas and Los Angeles,
Memphis and Birmingham, Detroit and Da Nang were fragments of the
American character, slivers of the dream and the nightmare.
The legacy of that sunlit moment in Dallas was a nation's
fretful and all-consuming search for itself, a long and howling
rage against the dying of the light.
American character, slivers of the dream and the nightmare.
The legacy of that sunlit moment in Dallas was a nation's
fretful and all-consuming search for itself, a long and howling
rage against the dying of the light.
</p></xml>

177
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@ -1,177 +0,0 @@
<xml><p></p>
<p> The Next Banking Crisis:
=========================================
The Issue Whose Name They Dare Not Speak.
========================================= </p>
<p> Late in June, [the Bush] Administration unleashed a bill that
would gut the Community Reinvestment Act (which requires banks to
make loans in their own neighborhoods, including low-income
areas), ease restrictions on loans to a bank's own officers and
directors and postpone the effective date of some tighter
regulations contained in last year's banking law.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
This proposal is only the latest in a series of deregulatory
gestures by the Administration and the Fed. [whose] gifts to the
financial industry -- [recently] forty-five actions, taken rather
quietly since December [..] mandate looser capital requirements,
lighter supervision and gimmicky accounting. Their collective
effect is to make the banking industry look healthier than it
really is and to permit riskier behavior in the future. These
moves defer tomorrow's disasters
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
The CBO estimates that the repeated delays in shutting down
insolvent institutions from 1980 to 1991 added $66 billion to the
cost of the S&amp;L bailout -- enough to fund the Aid to Families with
Dependent Children program for three years, or AIDS research for 50 </p>
<p> The Next Banking Crisis:
=========================================
The Issue Whose Name They Dare Not Speak.
=========================================
By Doug Henwood, _The Nation_, July 20/27, 1992
(See below for more about _The Nation_) </p>
<p>Transcribed by Joseph Woodard </p>
<p>Whatever happened to the financial crisis? Only a year ago, it seemed
the credit system was imploding, and ever-more-extravagant bailouts
appeared inevitable. Now, the Resolution Trust Corporation (R.T.C.),
liquidator of failed savings and loans, is winding down operations;
banks and surviving thrifts seem generally profitable; and the seizure
of failing institutions has all but ceased. Surely the weak, possibly
failing, economic recovery we've seen since late last year can't be
solely responsible for this apparent reversal of fortune. </p>
<p>No, finance owes its recovery mainly to an indulgent government, whose
normal generosity has been deepened by election year concerns. The
Bush Administration wants to bury the problem, Congress is happy to go
along and the media aren't asking any unpleasant questions. Clinton
raises the issue with his typical technocratic dullness, and Perot
with his usual empty fury -- but neither has made that big a deal of
the timely disappearance of the financial crisis. That's odd,
considering that, as Bush campaign officials told Lynda Edwards of
_The Village Voice_, people in their focus groups are obsessed with
the savings and loan bailout and wonder why the press isn't covering
it. </p>
<p>One reason the banking mess has receded from view is that the Federal
Reserve -- which no doubt prefers that the financial system never be
an electoral issue at all -- has been easing policy gradually but
steadily since March 1989. The federal funds rate (the interest rate
banks charge one another for overnight loans), the most sensitive
indicator of the central bank's policy, has fallen in thirty-two of
the past forty months, pushing short-term interest rates to their
lowest levels since 1963. </p>
<p>Although the economy has barely responded to this treatment -- no
modern slump has proved so resistant to lowered rates -- it has helped
refloat the banking system in at least two ways. First, banks haven't
really shared the Fed's generosity with their customers. Rates charged
for loans haven't declined anywhere near as much as those paid on
deposits, boosting bank profits. And second, long-term rates haven't
declined nearly as much as short-term rates. Leaving aside two brief
spikes in the 1950s, the gap between long- and short-term rates is the
widest it's been since the dislocations of the 1930s and 1940s. This
also fattens the banks, which have been buying government bonds
(rather than making loans) and pocketing the large spread between what
they pay their depositors and what they can get from Uncle Sam. Should
the relation between long-term and short-term rates return to normal,
the banks would take a quick turn for the worse. </p>
<p>Fed chairman Alan Greenspan isn't the banks' only friend. The other is
the man who has said he will do anything to get re-elected, George
Bush. Late in June, his Administration unleashed a bill that would gut
the Community Reinvestment Act (which requires banks to make loans in
their own neighborhoods, including low-income areas), ease
restrictions on loans to a bank's own officers and directors and
postpone the effective date of some tighter regulations contained in
last year's banking law. </p>
<p>This proposal is only the latest in a series of deregulatory gestures
by the Administration and the Fed. The Durham, North Carolina-based
Financial Democracy Campaign recently issued a five-page list of such
gifts to the financial industry -- forty-five actions, taken rather
quietly since December, that mandate looser capital requirements,
lighter supervision and gimmicky accounting. Their collective effect
is to make the banking industry look healthier than it really is and
to permit riskier behavior in the future. </p>
<p>These moves defer tomorrow's disasters, shoring up shaky banks (more
than 1,000 are on the F.D.l.C.'s problem list); yesterday's disasters
are being dealt with separately. The government has virtually stopped
seizing failed banks and thrifts; the liquidators can only move in
when ordered to by Administration agencies (the Office of Thrift
Supervision and the Comptroller of the Currency, both fiefdoms within
Nicholas Brady's Treasury Department), and such orders aren't being
given. This is good news for the liquidators, since their insurance
funds are broke, and Congress is reluctant to vote them more money --
at least not in an election year. </p>
<p>If you listen to the R.T.C., its work is nearly done. Even though it
has run through only half its budget, the corporation is shutting
offices and reducing staff. Among the staff being reduced, as Susan
Schmidt has been reporting in _The Washington Post_, are lawyers with
the professional liability section, who are supposed to be going after
the executives and board members who ran the thrift industry into the
ground. With a three-year statute of limitations (running from the
moment institutions are seized), the division needs more staff, not
less -- but the R.T.C. is dismissing experienced lawyers and replacing
them with novices. No one can prove anything yet, of course, but the
likely targets of such liability investigations, aside from bankers,
would be realtors, accountants, lawyers, doctors and others who are
likely to be generous campaign contributors to both parties. </p>
<p>Insofar as there's a strategy behind this delay in dealing with the
banking problem (aside from political expediency), it's one of
"forbearance" -- the hope that the problem will just go away with time
and economic growth. But the economy is hardly growing, and insolvency
isn't one of the diseases that time can cure. The Congressional Budget
Office estimates that the repeated delays in shutting down insolvent
institutions from 1980 to 1991 added $66 billion to the cost of the
S&amp;L bailout -- enough to fund the Aid to Families with Dependent
Children program for three years, or AIDS research for fifty. </p>
<p>Students of the S&amp;L disaster are reminded of 1988, when the same trio
of co-conspirators -- the executive and legislative branches, assisted
by a lazy or complicit media -- ignored the disaster until after the
election. In early 1989, the thrift crisis was suddenly "discovered,"
only to disappear again in accordance with the quadrennial cycle. </p>
<p>But the problems won't just go away. Bank and thrift balance sheets
are contaminated with billions of dollars of loans that went to build
pointless shopping centers and see-through office buildings. Salomon
Brothers estimates that it will take a national average of twelve
years to fill up existing empty commercial real estate -- ten years in
Los Angeles, twenty-six years in Boston, forty-six years in New York
City and fifty-six years in San Antonio, the national champ. </p>
<p>Aside from increasing the ultimate cost of the financial rescue, the
conspiracy of silence has largely prevented any serious discussion of
why the financial meltdown happened or how we might make the best of
the situation. The government is spending hundreds of billions of
public dollars to restore business as usual. Instead, failed
institutions could be transformed to publicly or cooperatively owned
local development banks, and the government's vast inventory of
near-worthless real estate could be turned over to community groups,
local governments or nonprofit associations for creative use. But some
things are too important to be discussed openly, especially during
election season. </p>
<p>**************************************************************
Doug Henwood is Editor of _Left Business Observer_ (see below)
************************************************************** </p>
<p>
##################################################################
Reprinted with permission - granted by The Nation magazine/The Nation
Company, Inc. Copyright 1992
##################################################################
Subscriptions to _The Nation_ -- published since 1865 and the oldest
weekly magazine in America -- are $32 per year (47 issues):
The Nation // Dept MAP // 72 Fifth Ave. // New York, NY 10011
Or a half-year subscription (24 issues) is $22.
</xml>

110
regexConsp/bankcris.xml
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@ -1,37 +1,37 @@
<xml><p></p>
<p> The Next Banking Crisis:
=========================================
The Issue Whose Name They Dare Not Speak.
========================================= </p>
<p> The Next Banking Crisis:
=========================================
The Issue Whose Name They Dare Not Speak.
========================================= </p>
<p> Late in June, [the Bush] Administration unleashed a bill that
would gut the Community Reinvestment Act (which requires banks to
make loans in their own neighborhoods, including low-income
areas), ease restrictions on loans to a bank's own officers and
directors and postpone the effective date of some tighter
regulations contained in last year's banking law.
<p> Late in June, [the Bush] Administration unleashed a bill that
would gut the Community Reinvestment Act (which requires banks to
make loans in their own neighborhoods, including low-income
areas), ease restrictions on loans to a bank's own officers and
directors and postpone the effective date of some tighter
regulations contained in last year's banking law.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
This proposal is only the latest in a series of deregulatory
gestures by the Administration and the Fed. [whose] gifts to the
financial industry -- [recently] forty-five actions, taken rather
quietly since December [..] mandate looser capital requirements,
lighter supervision and gimmicky accounting. Their collective
effect is to make the banking industry look healthier than it
really is and to permit riskier behavior in the future. These
moves defer tomorrow's disasters
This proposal is only the latest in a series of deregulatory
gestures by the Administration and the Fed. [whose] gifts to the
financial industry -- [recently] forty-five actions, taken rather
quietly since December [..] mandate looser capital requirements,
lighter supervision and gimmicky accounting. Their collective
effect is to make the banking industry look healthier than it
really is and to permit riskier behavior in the future. These
moves defer tomorrow's disasters
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
The CBO estimates that the repeated delays in shutting down
insolvent institutions from 1980 to 1991 added $66 billion to the
cost of the S&amp;L bailout -- enough to fund the Aid to Families with
Dependent Children program for three years, or AIDS research for 50 </p>
The CBO estimates that the repeated delays in shutting down
insolvent institutions from 1980 to 1991 added $66 billion to the
cost of the S&amp;L bailout -- enough to fund the Aid to Families with
Dependent Children program for three years, or AIDS research for 50 </p>
<p> The Next Banking Crisis:
=========================================
The Issue Whose Name They Dare Not Speak.
=========================================
By Doug Henwood, _The Nation_, July 20/27, 1992
(See below for more about _The Nation_) </p>
<p> The Next Banking Crisis:
=========================================
The Issue Whose Name They Dare Not Speak.
=========================================
By Doug Henwood, _The Nation_, July 20/27, 1992
(See below for more about _The Nation_) </p>
<p>Transcribed by Joseph Woodard </p>
@ -47,22 +47,22 @@ solely responsible for this apparent reversal of fortune. </p>
<p>No, finance owes its recovery mainly to an indulgent government, whose
normal generosity has been deepened by election year concerns. The
Bush Administration wants to bury the problem, Congress is happy to go
along and the media aren't asking any unpleasant questions. Clinton
raises the issue with his typical technocratic dullness, and Perot
along and the media aren't asking any unpleasant questions. Clinton
raises the issue with his typical technocratic dullness, and Perot
with his usual empty fury -- but neither has made that big a deal of
the timely disappearance of the financial crisis. That's odd,
considering that, as Bush campaign officials told Lynda Edwards of
the timely disappearance of the financial crisis. That's odd,
considering that, as Bush campaign officials told Lynda Edwards of
_The Village Voice_, people in their focus groups are obsessed with
the savings and loan bailout and wonder why the press isn't covering
it. </p>
<p>One reason the banking mess has receded from view is that the Federal
Reserve -- which no doubt prefers that the financial system never be
an electoral issue at all -- has been easing policy gradually but
an electoral issue at all -- has been easing policy gradually but
steadily since March 1989. The federal funds rate (the interest rate
banks charge one another for overnight loans), the most sensitive
indicator of the central bank's policy, has fallen in thirty-two of
the past forty months, pushing short-term interest rates to their
the past forty months, pushing short-term interest rates to their
lowest levels since 1963. </p>
<p>Although the economy has barely responded to this treatment -- no
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ deposits, boosting bank profits. And second, long-term rates haven't
declined nearly as much as short-term rates. Leaving aside two brief
spikes in the 1950s, the gap between long- and short-term rates is the
widest it's been since the dislocations of the 1930s and 1940s. This
also fattens the banks, which have been buying government bonds
also fattens the banks, which have been buying government bonds
(rather than making loans) and pocketing the large spread between what
they pay their depositors and what they can get from Uncle Sam. Should
the relation between long-term and short-term rates return to normal,
@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ the banks would take a quick turn for the worse. </p>
the man who has said he will do anything to get re-elected, George
Bush. Late in June, his Administration unleashed a bill that would gut
the Community Reinvestment Act (which requires banks to make loans in
their own neighborhoods, including low-income areas), ease
restrictions on loans to a bank's own officers and directors and
their own neighborhoods, including low-income areas), ease
restrictions on loans to a bank's own officers and directors and
postpone the effective date of some tighter regulations contained in
last year's banking law. </p>
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ last year's banking law. </p>
by the Administration and the Fed. The Durham, North Carolina-based
Financial Democracy Campaign recently issued a five-page list of such
gifts to the financial industry -- forty-five actions, taken rather
quietly since December, that mandate looser capital requirements,
quietly since December, that mandate looser capital requirements,
lighter supervision and gimmicky accounting. Their collective effect
is to make the banking industry look healthier than it really is and
to permit riskier behavior in the future. </p>
@ -101,10 +101,10 @@ to permit riskier behavior in the future. </p>
<p>These moves defer tomorrow's disasters, shoring up shaky banks (more
than 1,000 are on the F.D.l.C.'s problem list); yesterday's disasters
are being dealt with separately. The government has virtually stopped
seizing failed banks and thrifts; the liquidators can only move in
when ordered to by Administration agencies (the Office of Thrift
seizing failed banks and thrifts; the liquidators can only move in
when ordered to by Administration agencies (the Office of Thrift
Supervision and the Comptroller of the Currency, both fiefdoms within
Nicholas Brady's Treasury Department), and such orders aren't being
Nicholas Brady's Treasury Department), and such orders aren't being
given. This is good news for the liquidators, since their insurance
funds are broke, and Congress is reluctant to vote them more money --
at least not in an election year. </p>
@ -124,13 +124,13 @@ would be realtors, accountants, lawyers, doctors and others who are
likely to be generous campaign contributors to both parties. </p>
<p>Insofar as there's a strategy behind this delay in dealing with the
banking problem (aside from political expediency), it's one of
banking problem (aside from political expediency), it's one of
"forbearance" -- the hope that the problem will just go away with time
and economic growth. But the economy is hardly growing, and insolvency
isn't one of the diseases that time can cure. The Congressional Budget
Office estimates that the repeated delays in shutting down insolvent
institutions from 1980 to 1991 added $66 billion to the cost of the
S&amp;L bailout -- enough to fund the Aid to Families with Dependent
S&amp;L bailout -- enough to fund the Aid to Families with Dependent
Children program for three years, or AIDS research for fifty. </p>
<p>Students of the S&amp;L disaster are reminded of 1988, when the same trio
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ only to disappear again in accordance with the quadrennial cycle. </p>
<p>But the problems won't just go away. Bank and thrift balance sheets
are contaminated with billions of dollars of loans that went to build
pointless shopping centers and see-through office buildings. Salomon
Brothers estimates that it will take a national average of twelve
Brothers estimates that it will take a national average of twelve
years to fill up existing empty commercial real estate -- ten years in
Los Angeles, twenty-six years in Boston, forty-six years in New York
City and fifty-six years in San Antonio, the national champ. </p>
@ -150,10 +150,10 @@ City and fifty-six years in San Antonio, the national champ. </p>
<p>Aside from increasing the ultimate cost of the financial rescue, the
conspiracy of silence has largely prevented any serious discussion of
why the financial meltdown happened or how we might make the best of
the situation. The government is spending hundreds of billions of
public dollars to restore business as usual. Instead, failed
the situation. The government is spending hundreds of billions of
public dollars to restore business as usual. Instead, failed
institutions could be transformed to publicly or cooperatively owned
local development banks, and the government's vast inventory of
local development banks, and the government's vast inventory of
near-worthless real estate could be turned over to community groups,
local governments or nonprofit associations for creative use. But some
things are too important to be discussed openly, especially during
@ -165,13 +165,13 @@ Doug Henwood is Editor of _Left Business Observer_ (see below)
<p>
##################################################################
Reprinted with permission - granted by The Nation magazine/The Nation
Company, Inc. Copyright 1992
##################################################################
Subscriptions to _The Nation_ -- published since 1865 and the oldest
weekly magazine in America -- are $32 per year (47 issues):
The Nation // Dept MAP // 72 Fifth Ave. // New York, NY 10011
Or a half-year subscription (24 issues) is $22.
##################################################################
Reprinted with permission - granted by The Nation magazine/The Nation
Company, Inc. Copyright 1992
##################################################################
Subscriptions to _The Nation_ -- published since 1865 and the oldest
weekly magazine in America -- are $32 per year (47 issues):
The Nation // Dept MAP // 72 Fifth Ave. // New York, NY 10011
Or a half-year subscription (24 issues) is $22.
</p></xml>

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<xml><p>&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#
%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;
#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%
&amp;%# &amp;%#
%#&amp; Axon Industries Present %#&amp;
#&amp;% #&amp;%
&amp;%# The Kromery Converter/Free Electricity &amp;%#
%#&amp; %#&amp;
#&amp;% Original articles by John Bedini, Eike Mueller, and Tom Bearden. #&amp;%
&amp;%# Retyped Without Permission 07/04/86 by (_&gt;Shadow Hawk 1&lt;_) &amp;%#
%#&amp; %#&amp;
#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%
&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#
%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;</p>
<p>Tom Bearden</p>
<p> John Bedini has a prototype free energy motor.</p>
<p> Imagine having a small D.C. electrical motor sitting on your laboratory bench powered
by a common 12 volt battery. Imagine starting with a fully charged battery and
connecting it to the motor with no other power input. Obviously, the motor is go
ing to run off the battery, but by conventional thinking it will stop when the battery
runs down.</p>
<p> It isn't running by the conventional wisdom of electrical physics. It isn't running
by the conventional rules of electric motors and generators, but it is running.</p>
<p> And it isn't something complex. It's pretty simple, once one gets the hang of the
basic idea.</p>
<p> Impossible, you say. Not at all. That's precisely what John Bedini has done, and the
motor is running now in his workshop.</p>
<p> It's running off the principles of electromagnetics that Nikola Tesla
discovered shortly before 1900 in his Colorado Springs experiments. It's running
off the fact that pure empty vacuum - pure "emptiness", so to speak, is filled with riv
ers and oceans of seething energy, just as Nikola Tesla pointed out.</p>
<p> It's running off the fact that vacuum space-time itself is nothing but pure masless
charge. That is, vacuum has a very high electrostatic scalar potential - it is greatly
stressed. To usefully tap the enormous locked-in energy of that stress, all one
has to do is crack it sharply and tap the vacuum oscillations that result. The best
way to do that is to hit something resonant that is imbedded in the vacuum, then
tap the resonant stress of the ringing of the vacuum itself.</p>
<p> In other words, we can ring something at its resonant frequency and, if that
something is imbedded in the vacuum, we can tap off the resonance in vacuum stress,
without tapping energy directly from the embedded system we rang into oscillation.
So
what we really need is something that is deeply imbedded in the vacuum, that is,
something that can translate the "vacuum" movement into "mass" movement.</p>
<p> Well, all charged particles and ions are already imbedded in the vacuum by their
charged fluxes, so stressed oscillations - that is, vacuum oscillations - can be
converted into normal energy of mass movement by charged particles or ions, if the
sy
stem of charged particles or ions is made to resonate in phase with our tapping
"potential". For our purpose, let's use a system of ions.</p>
<p> First we will need a big accumulator to hold a lot of the charged ions in the system
that we wish to shock into oscillation. We need something that has a big capacitance
and also contains a lot of ions.</p>
<p> An ordinary battery filled with electrolyte fits the bill nicely. While it's not
commonly known, ordinary lead-acid storage batterys have a resonant ionic frequency,
usually in the range of from 1 - 6 Mhz. All we have to do is shock -oscillate the
ions in the electrolyte at their resonant frequency and time our "trigger" potential
and "siphon" circuit correctly. Then if we keep adding potential to trigger the
system we can get all that "potential" to translate into "free electrical energy".</p>
<p> Look at it this way. Conventionally "electrostatic scalar potential" is composed
of work or energy per columb of charged particle mass. So if we add potential alone,
without the mass flow, to a system of oscillating charged particles, we add "physica
l energy" in the entire charged particle system. In other words, the "potential" we
add is converted directly into "ordinary energy " by the imbedded ions in the system.
And if we are clever we don't have to furnish any pushing energy to move pure po
tential around. (For proof that this is possible, see Bearden's Toward a New
Electromagnetics; Part IV; Vectors and Mechanisms Clarified, Tesla Book Co., 1983,
Slide 19, Page 43, and the accompanying write-up, pages 10, and 11. Also see Y.
Aharonov an
d V. Bohm, "Significance of Electromagnetic Potentials in the Quantum Theory",
Physical Review, Second Series, Vol. 115, No. 3, Aug. 1, 1959, pages 485-491. On page
490 you will find that it's possible to have a field-free reigon of space, and
still have the potential determine the physical properties of the system.)</p>
<p> Now this "free energy resonant coupling" can be done in a simple, cheap system.
You don't need big cyclotrons and huge laboratories to do it; you can do it with
ordinary D.C. motors, batteries, controllers and trigger circuits.</p>
<p> And that's exactly what John Bedini has done. It's real. It works. It's running
now on John's laboratory bench in prototype form.</p>
<p> But that's not all. John is also a humanitarian. He's as concerned as I am for that
little old widow lady at the end of the lane, stretching her meager Social Security
check as far as she can, shivering in the cold winter and not daring to turn
up her furnace because she can't afford the frightful utility bills.</p>
<p> That's simply got to change and John Bedini may well be the fellow who changes it.
By openly releasing his work in this paper, he is providing enough information
for all the tinkerers and independent inventors around the world to have at it. If
he can get a thousand of them to duplicate his device, it simply can't be supressed as
so many others have been.</p>
<p> So here it is. John has deliberately written his paper for the tinkerer and
experimenter, not for the scientist. You must be careful, for the device is a little
tricky to adjust in and synchronize all the resonances. You'll have to fiddle with
it,
but it will work. Keep at it.</p>
<p> Also, we warn you not to play with this unless you know what you are doing. The
resonating battery electrolyte produces hydrogen, and if you hit it to hard with a
"voltage spike" you can get an electrical spark inside the battery. If that happens, </p>
<p>THE BATTERY WILL EXPLODE, so don't mess with it unless you are qualified and use the
utmost caution.</p>
<p> But it DOES work. So all you experimenters and pioneers, now's your chance. Have
at it. Build it. Tinker with it. Fiddle it into resonant operation. Then lets build
this thing in quantity, sell it widely, and get those home utilities down to where w
e can all afford them - including the shivering little old lady at the end of the lane.</p>
<p> And when we do, lets give John Bedini, and men like him the credit and appreciation
they so richly deserve.</p>
<p> Tom Bearden</p>
<p> April 13,1984</p>
<p>John Bedini</p>
<p>[Note: John Bedini developed Two kinds of controller devices. One, being very simple,
is the one I will present here. The other is quite a bit more complex, and would be
impossible for me to reproduce here... Anyway if you want to see the all electro
nic controller, get the book "Bedini's Free Energy Generator" by John C. Bedini,
Published by the Tesla Book Co. 1580 Magnolia Ave., Millbrae, CA 94030.]</p>
<p> For some time man has been looking for different ways to generate electricity. He has
used water power, steam power, nuclear power, and solar power. Recent papers written
by Tom Bearden make a free energy generator possible. Tom Bearden, rather
than patent his devices, chose to share them with people who had open ears. I
myself have had many conversations with Tom Bearden. He found Tom to be one of
the most reasonable men he had ever dealt with in this energy field. Most others woul
d tell you stories of great machines they had, but would never present the truth
with circuit diagrams or a look at the machine in question. Tom, on the other hand,
clearly presents his ideas and clearly presents his ideas and discloses the
concepts by means of which they work.</p>
<p>The facts I am about to present to you about free energy were never put into textbooks,
only portions were. The textbooks have grounded people in conventional theory and made
things very complicated. What I am about to explain is very simple; anyone
can understand this theory and anyone who understands what he is doing can build
this device.</p>
<p> I have been grounded in conventional theory for some eleven years. I have always
tried to study the simplicity of electrical circuits, but my mind wouldn't allow
this because of my orthodox training. In any event, I had to change the way
i was looking at things. I started to wonder, why do we need to have things so
complicated? The truth of the matter is, we have been taught to consume or waste energy
at every turn in our lives, so we jump into our cars, turn on lights, etc. In other
words, we have been conditioned to waste energy and fuels lavishly, not realizing
that someday someone will sky-rocket our energy bills to a point where we will
not be able to pay for these fuels. Everything will come to a stand-still. But la
ugh as you will, at that time Rube Goldberg machines will power your future. It
probably will not be uncommon to see machines from the size of garbage cans to the
size of two story apartment houses powering everything in sight. These machines will </p>
<p>be using a force in nature never conceived by the conventionally trained mind of today.</p>
<p> The theory I am about to explain to you will bring you one step closer to gaining
free energy.</p>
<p> To begin my story I must state I had a vision - looking for this energy. Many times
I hammered my head into the ground, but I refused to give up in my search. Any person
with a dream should never let it be wasted by fools, who will always say "you
can't do that". All that statement really means is that they do not know how to do it.</p>
<p> There are many different ways to explain this theory. I will discuss the first
one now.</p>
<p> The device is very simple and uses a motor, a generator, a controller switch, and a
battery. Basically, we drive a direct current motor with pulsed current from a battery,
then utilize a special means to cause the battery to recharge itself.</p>
<p> First, the battery, controller, and generator are interconnected as shown in figure
3. (See also Figure 1)</p>
<p>
/-----\ /-----\
o-12v | |===| || | 14v.o
[Motor==| |==||===Gen. ]
o+ | |===| || | .o
\-----/ Mass \-----/
Controller
Figure 1: The Kromery Converter
</p>
<p> __________
= Brush 1
_-_ * =shaft
/xxx\ xxx=copper
/x/x\x\ = =brush
| x*x=|_________ _o--o1
\ \x/ /Brush 2 /|
\_ _/ 2o--/
-
= Brush 3 o--o3
__________ Equivelant
Circuit
Figure 2: Controller Construction
</p>
<p> 3O To controller 1O To controller
| brush #3 | brush #1
| |
| Mass | 2O To controller
| Gen. Motor| | brush #2
| ____ = ____ | |
\----O+ |-=-| +O-/ \-To batt +
/--O- |-=-| -O--+---To batt -
| ---- = ---- |
\---------------/
Figure 3: Schematic of the device
</p>
<p>Let's begin by stating certain facts. The ions move backwards under charging
conditions and in reverse under discharging conditions. So here we start our new
concept. Suppose we have constructed a machine that has tricked this battery into a
different space and time relationship. Simply put, suppose the battery never did any
work
and it should have its full charge left in it. Suppose this becomes possible because
we have stressed the terminals in such a way that the ions in the battery electrolyte
actually move themselves backwards. The machine, or unit, that makes this possible h
as many different names. Some people call these units generators, energizers,
alternators, etc. Conventionally such devices have one thing in common; they stress the
battery backwards by pushing electricity into the battery and forcibly pushing the ions
i
n the electrolyte backwards. In our theory, we are not going to push anything - the ions
are going to move themselves, recharging the battery.</p>
<p>If we go a little deeper into this theory, you are probably asking yourself, "what is
this madman talking about?" Simply put, we are going to put a stress on the battery
terminals for a moment in time and the battery will do the rest. Now comes the heavy
part of this theory. What they didn't teach you in textbooks is that, in order for the
battery to charge, two oscillatory actions must occur, one at the positive terminal and
one at the negative terminal. Under different stress levels this then forces the
ions backwards. The same would occur for an electron. Our machine will slingshot ions
in the battery electrolyte backwards beyond the normal recoil action.</p>
<p> I must give a very stern warning at this time that if the voltage developed is too
high the battery will explode. Use the utmost care. Test setups in my lab have proven
that this can be dangerous. Do not build the device and experiment with it unless yo
u know what you are doing, and use the utmost caution.</p>
<p> When struck by a sharp voltage spike, the electrolyte in the battery will resonate
at a certain frequency and this can also force the ions backwards. Simply put, the
battery, the motor, and the energizer will become resonant at some point, "ring" like
a
bell when we "strike" it, and in its ringing the most energy will be developed.</p>
<p>[Note: sorry I can't produce waveforms here so get the book! I will present the
explanation here, however]</p>
<p> The battery is really charging itself. The ions in the electrolyte are being stressed
in a curved space and time relationship, the battery is actually forced into believing
that no work ever occured. The oscillatory action that has taken place by the en
ergizer has just pulsed our "slingshot" and immediately let go. Once this has happened,
the electrolyte in the battery goes wild and the ions race backwards, giving off
hydrogen and oxygen gas. I must make a stern warning here! The time of the stimulaing
pulse is very important. If the time is to long the battery will burn itself out. If
the pulse time is too short or if the circuit fails to operate correctly, the battery
will never recover its charge. Taking this into consideration, the only failures tha
t could occur would be the controller failure due to a points faiulre (on the electronic
controller), or the multivibrator latched in the "on" position (again, only on the
electronic controller). Anyone studying this can see that we have used very little
energy to get to this point, and gained a lot of resonant energy in return.</p>
<p> We must remember that, if the battery is applied to the energizer longer than normal,
we must burn up the excess energy to keep the battery cool. The problem now becomes one
of embarrassing excess of energy, not a shortage.</p>
<p> The energizer is also a simple machine, but if yu want to, you can make it very
complex. The simple way is to study the alternator principles. The waves we want to
generate are like those that came from old D.C. generators with the exception of
armature
drag, bearing drag, and no excited fields. Also, we would want to cut the magnetic
fields at 90 degress to the armature. The simpler the better.</p>
<p> I am going to throw a few ideas your way. I have run some tests in my lab and
discovered that certain types of energizers, generators, and alternators do what we
need. Also, we want to be able to tune the output of our energizer. The old D.C.
generator
puts out something very close towhat we need, except for The drag.</p>
<p> In an A.C. generator output we are going to see just what we manufacture. It would
appear that this leaves this generator out. Not really, because we can make this
generator's output change by rectifying it.</p>
<p> In looking at the A.C. generator with rectified output, we see that it could become
very useful to us as an energizer, simply because it is the easiest to construct and
its principles are simple. I have done experiments with an A.C. generator using ALL
N. alligned magnets, and rectified. Most people can see that that type o alternator
might have some problems. However, remember that I am looking for a certain type of wave
form that I want to tune to a certain frequency at a certain speed. The winding of
this alternatr is a problem and it is a bit tricky, but I chose to stay with this unit.
You may choose a different method if you retain the principle. The type of energizer
that was used for the prototype was a standard office type 2-speed A.C. fan housi
ng. The coils were replaced with 6 coils of approx. 200 turns of #20 wire - all in
phase. Six permanent magnets are bonded to an aluminum disc. This arrangement is
basically a magneto, but will produce more amperage than ordinarily expected of a
magneto.</p>
<p>Controller Construction: Figure 2 shows the controller. It should be made of two
coencentric circles, one with approx. 140 degrees of copper, the other, spaced far
enough from the first for a brush to be inserted between them, a full 360 degrees of
copper
. Provisions should be made to rotate the brushes in relationship to each other in order
to secure the required timing.</p>
<p>Eike Mueller</p>
<p>John Bedini found that the material generally available concerning Kromery's
Converter had been altered. Rebuilding the Kromery Converter from the patent papers
ended up in a non-functioning device. Bedini found the necessary modifications </p>
<p>which made this machine perform.</p>
<p>Our first goal was to determine the converters efficiency. We found this to be
quite difficult as the efficiency changes with the load applied.</p>
<p>Figure K-1 shows the first setup we used. We drove the Kromery Converter from
a 12v motorcycle battery. We connected at the output of the converter a condenser
and a rectifier bridge in parallel. The rectified current was then put b
ack into the motorcycle battery. To detect any current flow, we connect into the
positive line a 12 V light bulb.</p>
<p>The result of this test was the light bulb was lit up. However after 15 minutes the
batrery voltage had dropped from 11.05 V to 9.10 V. The speed of the converter
was stabale at 1020 rpm.</p>
<p> /----------\ /----\
/--O Kromery +O----+--O+12v|
|/-OConverter-O---+---O- | FIGURE K - 1 || \--
--------/ || \----/ ||
|| || /------------/|
KROMERY CONVERTER |\-------. |
| | / \ |
| | /FW \ |
TEST SETUP #1 | \-Bridg+--(X)-/
| \ / Bulb
| \ /
\--------.
</p>
<p>In the next test we introduced a seperate battery (battery #2) for charging from
the converter.</p>
<p>We recharged the battery #2 from 12.30 V to 12.40 V within 4 minutes, and we measured
a current flow into the battery #2 of 0.8 amperes.</p>
<p> /----------\ /----\
/--O Kromery +O-------O+12v|
|/-OConverter-O-------O-#1 | FIGURE K - 2 || \--
--------/ \----/ ||
|| /-------------\
/----\ KROMERY CONVERTER |\-------. \--O-
12*| | | / \ /--O+#2 |
| | /FW \ | \----/
TEST SETUP #2 | \-Bridg+--(/)-/
| \ / Ampere *Note difference
| \ / Meter in polarity from
\--------. battery #1.
Figure K-2 shows the second test setup. Because the kromery converter ran
too slow on one 12 V battery, we decided to drive the converter using 24 V via tw
o 12 V batteries, connected in series.</p>
<p> Next we wanted to find a correlation between the normal charging of battery #2 using
a commercial battery charger, and charging this same battery with the Kromery converter.
We drained the battery #2 to 8 V, connected it to the Kromery Converter, and af
ter reaching 11.51 V, we measured the time it took to charge the battery from this
voltage level of 11.51 V to 12.45 V. We reached this voltage (12.45 V) after 11
minutes. The indicated current into the battery was 0.94 A.</p>
<p>We then repeated these steps using the commercial battery charger. Because we ran out
of time after nearly 2 hours, we disconnected the battery from the charger. The
battery voltage had reached 12.41 V. The measurement is depicted in Figure K-3.</p>
<p> THE BATTERY CHARGER NEEDED 119 MINUTES</p>
<p> TO RAISE THE BATTERY VOLTAGE FROM 11.51 V TO 12.41 V
FIGURE K - 3</p>
<p> THE KROMERY CONVERTER NEEDED 11 MINUTES</p>
<p> TO RAISE THE BATTERY VOLTAGE FROM 11.51 V TO 12.45 V</p>
<p> NOTE: The charger could not fill up the batteries
to 12.45 volts within two hours.</p>
<p>We wanted to find a correction factor for the Kromery Converter by comparing the
same effect, i.e. the charging of the same battery from one specific voltage to
another specific voltage. The calculation of this factor is avilable in the book "E
xperiments with a Kromery and a Brandt-Tesla converter built by John Bedini" By Eike
Mueller, with Comments by Tom Bearden. Table K-1 shows the combined test results.
Because we detected an increase in the speed of the Kromery Converter as well as
a
decrease in the input energy when we increased the output load, we decided to
measure the input energy and speed when the output was shorted. Again, the input energy
dropped and the speed increased.</p>
<p> Measurement No Load Loaded With Shorted Corrected
Battery Fact. 5.535
============================================================</p>
<p> Input Voltage 25.30 25.00 24.90 </p>
<p> Input Current 3.90 3.00 2.20 </p>
<p> ------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Watts In 98.67 75.00 54.78 </p>
<p> Watts Out N/A 10.26 N/A 56.78 </p>
<p> ------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Speed In Rev/Sec 40.00 65.00 73.00 </p>
<p> Output Voltage DC 48.00 10.80 N/A
Output Current N/A 0.95 1.05
------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Watts In/Out N/A 7.31 N/A 1.32 </p>
<p> ============================================================</p>
<p> Table K - 1</p>
<p>Using the earlier determined correction factor of 5.535 we calculated the energy
they put into the battery to 56.78 watts (from 10.26 * 5.535). Looking at Table K-1
we see that it takes only 54.78 watts to run the Kromery Converter when the outpu
t is shorted. This result led us to continue with theese tests and load the converter
output even more. The results of these tests can be seen in Table K-2.</p>
<p>Here again, we detected that we would get a higher efficiency of the total device,
the more we load down the output side. This effect is totally contradictory
to the conventional laws of physics.</p>
<p> Measurement No Load Loaded With Loaded w/ Loaded w/
Lamp &amp; Batt 13.5 Ohms 0.63 Ohms
============================================================</p>
<p> Input Voltage 25.40 25.30 20.00 21.90 </p>
<p> Input Current 3.90 3.90 3.39 2.30 </p>
<p> ------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Watts In 99.06 98.67 67.80 50.37 </p>
<p> Watts Out N/A 21.00 185.19 634.92 </p>
<p> Watts Out (Corrected) 116.24
------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Resistance (Ohms) N/A N/A 13.50 0.63 </p>
<p> Output Voltage DC 48.00 28.00 50.00 20.00 </p>
<p> Output Current N/A 0.75 N/A N/A </p>
<p> ------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Watts In/Out N/A 0.85 0.37 0.08 </p>
<p> ============================================================</p>
<p> Table K - 2</p>
<p>We used the Kromery correction factor for the First case, when we had connected the
battery to the converter output. We did not use this factor in both other cases when
we used resistors in the output circuit.</p>
<p>The above test results show that the efficiency of the Kromery Converter is well
above 100%.</p>
<p>The end. Typed by (_&gt;Shadow Hawk 1&lt;_). May be distributed anywhere as long as you keep
the credits. I dont give a shit what you do with it either.</p>
<p>DOWNLOADED FROM P-80 SYSTEMS......</xml>

212
regexConsp/bendini.xml
View File

@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
<xml><p>&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#
%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;
#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%
&amp;%# &amp;%#
%#&amp; Axon Industries Present %#&amp;
#&amp;% #&amp;%
&amp;%# The Kromery Converter/Free Electricity &amp;%#
%#&amp; %#&amp;
#&amp;% Original articles by John Bedini, Eike Mueller, and Tom Bearden. #&amp;%
&amp;%# Retyped Without Permission 07/04/86 by (_&gt;Shadow Hawk 1&lt;_) &amp;%#
%#&amp; %#&amp;
&amp;%# &amp;%#
%#&amp; Axon Industries Present %#&amp;
#&amp;% #&amp;%
&amp;%# The Kromery Converter/Free Electricity &amp;%#
%#&amp; %#&amp;
#&amp;% Original articles by John Bedini, Eike Mueller, and Tom Bearden. #&amp;%
&amp;%# Retyped Without Permission 07/04/86 by (_&gt;Shadow Hawk 1&lt;_) &amp;%#
%#&amp; %#&amp;
#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%
&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#
%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;%#&amp;</p>
@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ e can all afford them - including the shivering little old lady at the end of t
<p> And when we do, lets give John Bedini, and men like him the credit and appreciation
they so richly deserve.</p>
<p> Tom Bearden</p>
<p> Tom Bearden</p>
<p> April 13,1984</p>
<p> April 13,1984</p>
<p>John Bedini</p>
@ -185,47 +185,47 @@ then utilize a special means to cause the battery to recharge itself.</p>
<p> First, the battery, controller, and generator are interconnected as shown in figure
3. (See also Figure 1)</p>
<p>
/-----\ /-----\
o-12v | |===| || | 14v.o
[Motor==| |==||===Gen. ]
o+ | |===| || | .o
\-----/ Mass \-----/
Controller
Figure 1: The Kromery Converter
</p>
<p>
/-----\ /-----\
o-12v | |===| || | 14v.o
[Motor==| |==||===Gen. ]
o+ | |===| || | .o
\-----/ Mass \-----/
Controller
Figure 1: The Kromery Converter
</p>
<p> __________
= Brush 1
_-_ * =shaft
/xxx\ xxx=copper
/x/x\x\ = =brush
| x*x=|_________ _o--o1
\ \x/ /Brush 2 /|
\_ _/ 2o--/
-
= Brush 3 o--o3
__________ Equivelant
Circuit
Figure 2: Controller Construction
</p>
<p> __________
= Brush 1
_-_ * =shaft
/xxx\ xxx=copper
/x/x\x\ = =brush
| x*x=|_________ _o--o1
\ \x/ /Brush 2 /|
\_ _/ 2o--/
-
= Brush 3 o--o3
__________ Equivelant
Circuit
Figure 2: Controller Construction
</p>
<p> 3O To controller 1O To controller
| brush #3 | brush #1
| |
| Mass | 2O To controller
| Gen. Motor| | brush #2
| ____ = ____ | |
\----O+ |-=-| +O-/ \-To batt +
/--O- |-=-| -O--+---To batt -
| ---- = ---- |
\---------------/
Figure 3: Schematic of the device
</p>
<p> 3O To controller 1O To controller
| brush #3 | brush #1
| |
| Mass | 2O To controller
| Gen. Motor| | brush #2
| ____ = ____ | |
\----O+ |-=-| +O-/ \-To batt +
/--O- |-=-| -O--+---To batt -
| ---- = ---- |
\---------------/
Figure 3: Schematic of the device
</p>
<p>Let's begin by stating certain facts. The ions move backwards under charging
conditions and in reverse under discharging conditions. So here we start our new
@ -342,19 +342,19 @@ positive line a 12 V light bulb.</p>
batrery voltage had dropped from 11.05 V to 9.10 V. The speed of the converter
was stabale at 1020 rpm.</p>
<p> /----------\ /----\
/--O Kromery +O----+--O+12v|
|/-OConverter-O---+---O- | FIGURE K - 1 || \--
--------/ || \----/ ||
|| || /------------/|
KROMERY CONVERTER |\-------. |
| | / \ |
| | /FW \ |
TEST SETUP #1 | \-Bridg+--(X)-/
| \ / Bulb
| \ /
\--------.
</p>
<p> /----------\ /----\
/--O Kromery +O----+--O+12v|
|/-OConverter-O---+---O- | FIGURE K - 1 || \--
--------/ || \----/ ||
|| || /------------/|
KROMERY CONVERTER |\-------. |
| | / \ |
| | /FW \ |
TEST SETUP #1 | \-Bridg+--(X)-/
| \ / Bulb
| \ /
\--------.
</p>
<p>In the next test we introduced a seperate battery (battery #2) for charging from
the converter.</p>
@ -362,19 +362,19 @@ the converter.</p>
<p>We recharged the battery #2 from 12.30 V to 12.40 V within 4 minutes, and we measured
a current flow into the battery #2 of 0.8 amperes.</p>
<p> /----------\ /----\
/--O Kromery +O-------O+12v|
|/-OConverter-O-------O-#1 | FIGURE K - 2 || \--
--------/ \----/ ||
|| /-------------\
/----\ KROMERY CONVERTER |\-------. \--O-
12*| | | / \ /--O+#2 |
| | /FW \ | \----/
TEST SETUP #2 | \-Bridg+--(/)-/
| \ / Ampere *Note difference
| \ / Meter in polarity from
\--------. battery #1.
<p> /----------\ /----\
/--O Kromery +O-------O+12v|
|/-OConverter-O-------O-#1 | FIGURE K - 2 || \--
--------/ \----/ ||
|| /-------------\
/----\ KROMERY CONVERTER |\-------. \--O-
12*| | | / \ /--O+#2 |
| | /FW \ | \----/
TEST SETUP #2 | \-Bridg+--(/)-/
| \ / Ampere *Note difference
| \ / Meter in polarity from
\--------. battery #1.
Figure K-2 shows the second test setup. Because the kromery converter ran
too slow on one 12 V battery, we decided to drive the converter using 24 V via tw
o 12 V batteries, connected in series.</p>
@ -390,17 +390,17 @@ minutes. The indicated current into the battery was 0.94 A.</p>
of time after nearly 2 hours, we disconnected the battery from the charger. The
battery voltage had reached 12.41 V. The measurement is depicted in Figure K-3.</p>
<p> THE BATTERY CHARGER NEEDED 119 MINUTES</p>
<p> THE BATTERY CHARGER NEEDED 119 MINUTES</p>
<p> TO RAISE THE BATTERY VOLTAGE FROM 11.51 V TO 12.41 V
FIGURE K - 3</p>
<p> TO RAISE THE BATTERY VOLTAGE FROM 11.51 V TO 12.41 V
FIGURE K - 3</p>
<p> THE KROMERY CONVERTER NEEDED 11 MINUTES</p>
<p> THE KROMERY CONVERTER NEEDED 11 MINUTES</p>
<p> TO RAISE THE BATTERY VOLTAGE FROM 11.51 V TO 12.45 V</p>
<p> TO RAISE THE BATTERY VOLTAGE FROM 11.51 V TO 12.45 V</p>
<p> NOTE: The charger could not fill up the batteries
to 12.45 volts within two hours.</p>
<p> NOTE: The charger could not fill up the batteries
to 12.45 volts within two hours.</p>
<p>We wanted to find a correction factor for the Kromery Converter by comparing the
same effect, i.e. the charging of the same battery from one specific voltage to
@ -413,33 +413,33 @@ a
measure the input energy and speed when the output was shorted. Again, the input energy
dropped and the speed increased.</p>
<p> Measurement No Load Loaded With Shorted Corrected
Battery Fact. 5.535
<p> Measurement No Load Loaded With Shorted Corrected
Battery Fact. 5.535
============================================================</p>
<p> Input Voltage 25.30 25.00 24.90 </p>
<p> Input Voltage 25.30 25.00 24.90 </p>
<p> Input Current 3.90 3.00 2.20 </p>
<p> Input Current 3.90 3.00 2.20 </p>
<p> ------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Watts In 98.67 75.00 54.78 </p>
<p> Watts In 98.67 75.00 54.78 </p>
<p> Watts Out N/A 10.26 N/A 56.78 </p>
<p> Watts Out N/A 10.26 N/A 56.78 </p>
<p> ------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Speed In Rev/Sec 40.00 65.00 73.00 </p>
<p> Speed In Rev/Sec 40.00 65.00 73.00 </p>
<p> Output Voltage DC 48.00 10.80 N/A
Output Current N/A 0.95 1.05
<p> Output Voltage DC 48.00 10.80 N/A
Output Current N/A 0.95 1.05
------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Watts In/Out N/A 7.31 N/A 1.32 </p>
<p> Watts In/Out N/A 7.31 N/A 1.32 </p>
<p> ============================================================</p>
<p> Table K - 1</p>
<p> Table K - 1</p>
<p>Using the earlier determined correction factor of 5.535 we calculated the energy
they put into the battery to 56.78 watts (from 10.26 * 5.535). Looking at Table K-1
@ -451,36 +451,36 @@ output even more. The results of these tests can be seen in Table K-2.</p>
the more we load down the output side. This effect is totally contradictory
to the conventional laws of physics.</p>
<p> Measurement No Load Loaded With Loaded w/ Loaded w/
Lamp &amp; Batt 13.5 Ohms 0.63 Ohms
<p> Measurement No Load Loaded With Loaded w/ Loaded w/
Lamp &amp; Batt 13.5 Ohms 0.63 Ohms
============================================================</p>
<p> Input Voltage 25.40 25.30 20.00 21.90 </p>
<p> Input Voltage 25.40 25.30 20.00 21.90 </p>
<p> Input Current 3.90 3.90 3.39 2.30 </p>
<p> Input Current 3.90 3.90 3.39 2.30 </p>
<p> ------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Watts In 99.06 98.67 67.80 50.37 </p>
<p> Watts In 99.06 98.67 67.80 50.37 </p>
<p> Watts Out N/A 21.00 185.19 634.92 </p>
<p> Watts Out N/A 21.00 185.19 634.92 </p>
<p> Watts Out (Corrected) 116.24
<p> Watts Out (Corrected) 116.24
------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Resistance (Ohms) N/A N/A 13.50 0.63 </p>
<p> Resistance (Ohms) N/A N/A 13.50 0.63 </p>
<p> Output Voltage DC 48.00 28.00 50.00 20.00 </p>
<p> Output Voltage DC 48.00 28.00 50.00 20.00 </p>
<p> Output Current N/A 0.75 N/A N/A </p>
<p> Output Current N/A 0.75 N/A N/A </p>
<p> ------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Watts In/Out N/A 0.85 0.37 0.08 </p>
<p> Watts In/Out N/A 0.85 0.37 0.08 </p>
<p> ============================================================</p>
<p> Table K - 2</p>
<p> Table K - 2</p>
<p>We used the Kromery correction factor for the First case, when we had connected the
battery to the converter output. We did not use this factor in both other cases when
@ -492,4 +492,4 @@ above 100%.</p>
<p>The end. Typed by (_&gt;Shadow Hawk 1&lt;_). May be distributed anywhere as long as you keep
the credits. I dont give a shit what you do with it either.</p>
<p>DOWNLOADED FROM P-80 SYSTEMS......</p></xml>
<p>DOWNLOADED FROM P-80 SYSTEMS</p></xml>

43
regexConsp/bermutri.txt
View File

@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>"The Bermuda Triangle and Parapsychology" By Dave Beall</p>
<p>. Although not embraced by the parapsychological community, the Bermuda
Triangle phenomena is an intriguing topic to the public. Jane Roberts' Seth
claims the mysterious disappearances of ships and planes is the result of a
"coordination point", which is a place where time and space meet. Supposed
energy "crystals" from the ancient culture of Atlantis, which Edgar Cayce
predicted would be discovered in the Atlantic Ocean, are suspected by some to
be responsible for the peculiar events in this region. Some individuals
consider UFOs as the source of the phenomena.</p>
<p>. A provacative theory has been proposed by geologists as a result of the
recent discover and subsequent laboratory analysis of an ice like substance
called hydrate. A hydrate layer, formed by mixing cold sea water and natural
gas at immense pressures of the deep ocean, has been found on the ocean floor
in the triangle area, and this seal prevents natural venting of natural gas
from the large hydrocarbon desposits located there.</p>
<p>. When a large natural gas pocket is suddenly released as a result of a
buildup in pressure or sea floor movement (i.e. faulting), ships can be
suddenly swallowed by the foamy mixture of gas and water and temporary
"islands" as much as one mile across can be visible on neighboring ship's radar
screens, as the gas enters the atmosphere. Negative ions generated by agitated
sea water rise into the atmosphere along with the lighter-than-air-gas, causing
magnetic disturbances which could disrupt compass readings in the area.
Aircraft, passing over the gas blowout, could experience engine failure due to
oxygen starvation in the gas rich air and crash without a trace.</p>
<p>. Any sinking wreckage from a plane or ship could be carried miles from the
accident site by the strong currents in the region, before being consumed by
thick bottom muds or hydrate accumulations, leaving no evidence. The release
of trapped gas desposits ruptured by faulting in shallow ocean areas could
display similar characteristics, whithout hydrate, and the chance of a gas
blowout of this nature exists anywhere in the world's oceans where large
natural gas deposits are present. In the case of the Bermuda Triangle
phenomena, it would appear that a reasonable explanation has been proposed.
. Many aspects of parapsychology or related areas may not have solutions
which readily conform to known physical principles. On the other hand, many
esoteric or metaphysical ideas may someday be explainable in purely physical
terms. In an attempt to understand paranormal occurences, an individual should
remain open and objective until all of the evidence is in so that the
temptation towards premature and unfounded conclusions can be overcome.</xml>

12
regexConsp/bermutri.xml
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<xml><p>"The Bermuda Triangle and Parapsychology" By Dave Beall</p>
<p>. Although not embraced by the parapsychological community, the Bermuda
<p>. Although not embraced by the parapsychological community, the Bermuda
Triangle phenomena is an intriguing topic to the public. Jane Roberts' Seth
claims the mysterious disappearances of ships and planes is the result of a
"coordination point", which is a place where time and space meet. Supposed
@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ predicted would be discovered in the Atlantic Ocean, are suspected by some to
be responsible for the peculiar events in this region. Some individuals
consider UFOs as the source of the phenomena.</p>
<p>. A provacative theory has been proposed by geologists as a result of the
<p>. A provacative theory has been proposed by geologists as a result of the
recent discover and subsequent laboratory analysis of an ice like substance
called hydrate. A hydrate layer, formed by mixing cold sea water and natural
gas at immense pressures of the deep ocean, has been found on the ocean floor
in the triangle area, and this seal prevents natural venting of natural gas
from the large hydrocarbon desposits located there.</p>
<p>. When a large natural gas pocket is suddenly released as a result of a
<p>. When a large natural gas pocket is suddenly released as a result of a
buildup in pressure or sea floor movement (i.e. faulting), ships can be
suddenly swallowed by the foamy mixture of gas and water and temporary
"islands" as much as one mile across can be visible on neighboring ship's radar
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ magnetic disturbances which could disrupt compass readings in the area.
Aircraft, passing over the gas blowout, could experience engine failure due to
oxygen starvation in the gas rich air and crash without a trace.</p>
<p>. Any sinking wreckage from a plane or ship could be carried miles from the
<p>. Any sinking wreckage from a plane or ship could be carried miles from the
accident site by the strong currents in the region, before being consumed by
thick bottom muds or hydrate accumulations, leaving no evidence. The release
of trapped gas desposits ruptured by faulting in shallow ocean areas could
@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ blowout of this nature exists anywhere in the world's oceans where large
natural gas deposits are present. In the case of the Bermuda Triangle
phenomena, it would appear that a reasonable explanation has been proposed.
. Many aspects of parapsychology or related areas may not have solutions
. Many aspects of parapsychology or related areas may not have solutions
which readily conform to known physical principles. On the other hand, many
esoteric or metaphysical ideas may someday be explainable in purely physical
terms. In an attempt to understand paranormal occurences, an individual should
remain open and objective until all of the evidence is in so that the
temptation towards premature and unfounded conclusions can be overcome.</p></xml>
temptation towards premature and unfounded conclusions can be overcome. </p></xml>

355
regexConsp/bkgroun1.txt
View File

@ -1,355 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>Foresight Background
No. 4, Rev. 0
Copyright 1989 The Foresight Institute.
All rights reserved by the author.
Box 61058, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA</p>
<p>by Arthur Kantrowitz</p>
<p>Dartmouth College</p>
<p>"The best weapon of a dictatorship is secrecy, but the best weapon of
a democracy should be the weapon of openness."</p>
<p>--Niels Bohr</p>
<p>Introduction</p>
<p>What is the "weapon of openness" and why is it the best weapon of a
democracy? Openness here means public access to the information needed
for the making of public decisions. Increased public access (i.e. less
secrecy) also gives information to adversaries, thereby increasing
their strength. The "weapon of openness" is the net contribution that
increased openness (i.e. less secrecy) makes to the survival of a
society. Bohr believed that the gain in strength from openness in a
democracy exceeded the gains of its adversaries, and thus openness was
a weapon.</p>
<p>This is made plausible by a Darwinian argument. Open societies evolved
as fittest to survive and to reproduce themselves in an international
jungle. Thus the strength of the weapon of openness has been tested
and proven in battle and in imitation. Technology developed most
vigorously in precisely those times, i.e. the industrial revolution,
and precisely those places, western Europe and America, where the
greatest openness existed. Gorbachev's glasnost is recognition that
this correlation is alive and well today.</p>
<p>Let us note immediately that secrecy and surprise are clearly
essential weapons of war and that even countries like the U.S., which
justifiably prided itself on its openness, have made great and
frequently successful efforts to use secrecy as a wartime weapon.
Bohr's phrase was coined following WWII when his primary concern was
with living with nuclear weapons. This paper is concerned with the
impact of secrecy vs. openness policy on the development of military
technology in a long duration peacetime rivalry.</p>
<p>Let us also immediately note that publication is the route to all
rewards in academic science and technology. When publication is
denied, the culture changes toward the standard hierarchical culture
where rewards are dependent on finding favor with superiors. Reward
through publication has been remarkably successful in stimulating
independent thinking. However, in assessing openness vs. secrecy
policy it must be borne in mind that research workers (including the
present author) start with strong biases favoring openness.</p>
<p>In contrast, secrecy insiders come from a culture where access to
deeper secrets conveys higher status. Those who "get ahead" in the
culture of secrecy understand its uses for personal advancement.
Knowledge is power, and for many insiders access to classified
information is the chief source of their power. It is not surprising
that secrecy insiders see the publication of technological information
as endangering national security. On the other hand, to what degree
can we accept insiders' assurances that operations not subject to
public scrutiny or to free marketplace control will strengthen our
democracy?</p>
<p>My own experience relates only to secrecy in technology. Therefore I
will not discuss such secrets as submarine positions (which seem
perfectly justifiable to me in the sense that they clearly add to our
strength) or activities which are kept secret to avoid the
difficulties of explaining policy choices to the public (which seem
disastrously divisive to me).</p>
<p>First, we offer some clues to understanding the historical military
strength of openness in long duration competition with secrecy.</p>
<p>Second, we suggest a procedure for the utilization of more openness to
increase our strength.</p>
<p>The Strength of Openness</p>
<p> An important source of support for secrecy in technology is the
ancient confusion between magic and science. In many communications
addressed to laymen the terms are used almost interchangeably. Magic
depends on secrecy to create its illusions while science depends on
openness for its progress. A major part of the educated public and the
media have not adequately understood this profound difference between
magic and science. This important failure in our educational system is
one source of the lack of general appreciation of the power of
openness as a source of military strength. A more general
understanding of the power of openness would bolster our faith that
open societies would continue to be fittest to survive.</p>
<p>Openness is necessary for the processes of trial and the elimination
of error, Sir Karl Popper's beautiful description of the mechanism of
progress in science. Let's try to understand what happens to each of
these processes in a secret project and perhaps we can shed some light
on how the peacetime military was able to justly acquire its
reputation for resistance to novelty.</p>
<p>Trial in Popper's language means receptivity to the unexpected
conjecture. There is the tradition of the young outsider challenging
the conventional wisdom. However in real life it is always difficult
for really new ideas to be heard. Such a victory is almost impossible
in a hierarchical structure. The usual way a new idea can be heard is
for it to be sold first outside the hierarchy. When the project is
secret this is much more difficult, whether the inventor is inside or
outside the project.</p>
<p>Impediments to the elimination of errors will determine the pace of
progress in science as they do in many other matters. It is important
here to distinguish between two types of error which I will call
ordinary and cherished errors. Ordinary errors can be corrected
without embarrassment to powerful people. The elimination of errors
which are cherished by powerful people for prestige, political, or
financial reasons is an adversary process. In open science this
adversary process is conducted in open meetings or in scientific
journals. In a secret project it almost inevitably becomes a political
battle and the outcome depends on political strength, although the
rhetoric will usually employ much scientific jargon.</p>
<p>Advances in technology incorporate a planning process in addition to
the trial and elimination of error which is basic to all life. When
the planned advance is small the planning can be dominant, in the
sense that little new knowledge is required and no significant errors
must be anticipated. When the planned advance is large it will usually
involve research and invention, and the processes of trial and the
elimination of error discussed above will determine the rate of
progress. In these cases the advantages of openness will be especially
important. The familiar disappointments in meeting schedules and
budgets are frequently related to the fact that, in selling new
programs, the importance of these unpredictable processes is not
sufficiently emphasized. More openness would reduce these
disappointments.</p>
<p>Trial and the elimination of error is essential to significant
progress in military technology, and thus both aspects of the process
by which significant progress is made in military technology are
sharply decelerated when secrecy is widespread in peacetime. Openness
accelerates progress. In peacetime military technology, openness is a
weapon. It is one clue to the survival of open societies in an
international jungle.</p>
<p>Secrecy as an Instrument of Corruption</p>
<p>The other side of the coin is the weakness which secrecy fosters as an
instrument of corruption. This is well illustrated in Reagan's 1982
Executive Order #12356 on National Security (alarmingly tightening
secrecy) which states {Sec. 1.6(a)};</p>
<p>In no case shall information be classified in order to conceal
violations of law, inefficiency, or administrative error; to prevent
embarrassment to a person, organization or agency; to restrain
competition; or to prevent or delay the release of information that
does not require protection in the interest of national security.</p>
<p>This section orders criminals not to conceal their crimes and the
inefficient not to conceal their inefficiency. But beyond that it
provides an abbreviated guide to the crucial roles of secrecy in the
processes whereby power corrupts and absolute power corrupts
absolutely. Corruption by secrecy is an important clue to the strength
of openness.</p>
<p>One of the most important impacts of corruption from secrecy is on the
making of major technical decisions. Any federally sponsored project
and especially a project so hotly contested as the Strategic Defense
Initiative must always keep all its constituencies in mind when making
such decisions. Thus the leadership must ask itself whether its
continual search for allies will be served by making a purely
technical decision one way or the other. (A purely technical decision
might determine whether money flows to Ohio or to Texas. Worse yet,
revealing technical weaknesses could impact the project budget.)</p>
<p>When this search for allies occurs in an unclassified project,
technical criticisms, which will come from the scientific community
outside the project, must be considered. Consideration of these
criticisms can improve the decision making process dramatically by
bringing a measure of the power of the scientific method to the making
of major technical decisions.</p>
<p>In a classified project, the vested interests which grow around a
decision can frequently prevent the questioning of authority necessary
for the elimination of error. Peacetime classified projects have a
very bad record of rejecting imaginative suggestions which frequently
are very threatening to the existing political power structure.</p>
<p>When technical information is classified, public technical criticism
will inevitably degrade to a media contest between competing
authorities and, in the competition for attention, it will never be
clear whether politics or science is speaking. We then lose both the
power of science and the credibility of democratic process.</p>
<p>Corruption is a progressive disease. It diffuses from person to person
across society by direct observations of its efficacy and its safety.
The efficacy of the abuse of secrecy for interagency rivalry and for
personal advancement is well illustrated by the array of abuses listed
in Sec. 1.6(a). The safety of the abuse of secrecy for the abuser is
dependent upon the enforcement of the Section. As abuses spread and
become the norm, enforcibility declines and corruption diffuses more
rapidly.</p>
<p>However, diffusive processes take time to spread through an
organization, and this makes it possible for secrecy to make a
significant contribution to national strength during a crisis. When a
new organization is created to respond to an emergency, as for example
the scientific organizations created at the start of WWII, the
behavior norms of the group recruited may not tolerate the abuse of
secrecy for personal advancement or interagency rivalry. In such
cases, and for a short time, secrecy may be an effective tactic. The
general belief that there is strength in secrecy rests partially on
its short-term successes. If we had entered WWII with a well-developed
secrecy system and the corruption which would have developed with
time, I am convinced that the results would have been quite different.</p>
<p>Secrecy Exacerbates Divisiveness: the SDI Example</p>
<p>Reagan's Executive Order, previously referred to, provides another
clue to the power of openness. The preamble states;</p>
<p>It [this order] recognizes that it is essential that the public be
informed concerning the activities of its Government, but that the
interests of the United States and its citizens require that certain
information concerning the national defense and foreign relations be
protected against unauthorized disclosure.</p>
<p>The tension in this statement is not resolved in the order. It may be
informative to attempt a resolution by considering a concrete example,
namely the Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI symbolizes one of the
conflicts, clearly exacerbated by secrecy, which currently divide us.</p>
<p>I would assert that there are unilateral steps toward openness which
we could take, and which would leave us more unified and stronger,
even if no reciprocal steps were taken by the Soviets. I propose that
we start unclassified research programs designed to provide scientific
information needed for making public policy. If these programs are
uncoupled from classified programs, their emphases would not
compromise classified information. Their purpose would be to provide a
knowledge base for public policy discussions. These programs would not
reveal the decisions taken secretly, but a public knowledge base would
reduce the debilitating divisiveness fostered by secrecy.</p>
<p>The Strategic Defense Initiative provides a classic example of
debilitating divisiveness. Countermeasures to SDI are deeply
classified. The deadly game of countermeasures and
countercountermeasures will probably determine whether SDI is
successful or a large-scale Maginot Line. At the present time,
classification of the countermeasure area trivializes the public
debate to a media battle between opposed authorities offering
conflicting interpretations of secret information.</p>
<p>An example of this game is decoying vs. discrimination. If the offense
can proliferate a multitude of decoys which cannot be discriminated
from warheads by the defense, SDI will not succeed. Knowing a decoy
design would of course make it easier for an adversary to discriminate
it from a warhead. It is therefore very important that such designs be
carefully guarded. On the other hand, maintaining secrecy over the
scientific and engineering research basic to the
decoying-discrimination technology would, for the reasons discussed
earlier, make it much more difficult to provide assurance to the
public that all avenues had been explored. Indeed, a substantial part
of the criticism of the feasibility of SDI turns on the possibility
that an adversary would invent a countermeasure for which we would be
unprepared.</p>
<p>The Cryptography Case: Uncoupled Open Programs</p>
<p>We can learn something about the efficiency of secret vs. open
programs in peacetime from the objections raised by Adm. Bobby R.
Inman, former director of the National Security Agency, to open
programs in cryptography. NSA, which is a very large and very secret
agency, claimed that open programs conducted by a handful of
matheticians around the world, who had no access to NSA secrets, would
reveal to other countries that their codes were insecure and that such
research might lead to codes that even NSA could not break. These
objections exhibit NSA's assessment that the best secret efforts, that
other countries could mount, would miss techniques which would be
revealed by even a small open uncoupled program. If this is true for
other countries is it not possible that it also applies to us?</p>
<p>Inman (1985) asserted that "There is an overlap between technical
information and national security which inevitably produces tension.
This tension results from the scientists' desire for unrestrained
research and publication on the one hand, and the Federal Government's
need to protect certain information from potential foreign adversaries
who might use that information against this nation.</p>
<p>I would assert that uncoupled open programs (UOP) in cryptography make
America stronger. They provide early warning of the capabilities an
adversary might have in breaking our codes. There are many instances
where secret bureaucracies have disastrously overestimated the
invulnerability of their codes. In this case I see no tension between
the national interest and openness. The cryptographers have provided a
fine case study in strengthening the weapon of openness.</p>
<p>Consider then the value of starting unclassified, relatively cheap,
academic research programs uncoupled from the classified programs.
These UOP could provide the more solid information on countermeasures
needed for an informed political decision on SDI, just as the open
cryptography research has taught us something about the security of
our codes. If indeed SDI's critics are right about the opportunities
for the invention of countermeasures, then the UOP would provide an
opportunity to make a conclusive case. On the other hand if the open
programs exhibited that SDI could deal with all the countermeasures
suggested and retain its effectiveness, its case would be
strengthened.</p>
<p>These open programs would indeed be shared with the world. They would
strengthen the U.S. even if there were no response from the USSR by
reducing corruption by secrecy, by improving our decision making, and
by reducing our divisiveness. Undertaking such programs would exhibit
our commitment to strengthening the weapon of openness. Making that
commitment would enable democratic control of military technology.
More openness, reducing suspicions in areas where Americans are
divided, will do more to increase our military strength by unifying
the country and its allies than it could possibly do to increase the
military strength of its enemies.</p>
<p>The Weapon of Openness and the Future</p>
<p>Bohr's phrase which was the keynote of this article was invented in an
effort to adapt to the demands for social change required to live with
advancing military technology. Unfortunately Bohr's effort, to
persuade FDR and Churchhill of the desirability of more openness in
living with nuclear weapons, was a complete failure. There can be no
doubt that the future will bring even more rapid rates of progress in
science-based technology. Let's just mention three possibilities,
noting that these are only foreseeable developments and that there
will be surprises which, if the past is any guide, will be still more
important.</p>
<p>Artificial Intelligence is advancing, driven by its enormous economic
potential and its challenge in understanding brain function.</p>
<p>Molecular biology and genetic engineering are creating powers beyond
our ability to forecast limits.</p>
<p>Feynman some years ago wrote a paper entitled "There's Plenty of Room
at the Bottom" pointing out that miniaturization could aspire to the
huge advances possible with the controlled assembly of individual
atoms. When the possibility of the construction of assemblers which
could reproduce themselves was added by Eric Drexler in his book
Engines of Creation, a very large expansion of the opportunities in
atomic scale assembly were opened up. This pursuit, today known as
nanotechnology, will also be driven by the enormous advantages it
affords for health and for human welfare.</p>
<p>But each of these has possible military uses comparable in impact to
that of nuclear weapons. With the aid of the openness provided by
satellites and arms control treaties, we have been able to live with
nuclear weapons. We will need much more openness to live with the
science-based technologies that lie ahead.</p>
<p>Dr. Kantrowitz is a professor at the Thayer School of Engineering at
Dartmouth, and former Chairman of Avco-Everett Research Lab. He
serves as an Advisor to the Foresight Institute.
</xml>

186
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@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>
The War and Peace Digest is a bimonthly international newsletter on issues
of disarmament, government secrecy, media accountability, the nuclear
threat (from both civilian power plants and the military weapons complex),
ecological destruction, and peaceful conflict resolution through the
structures of the United Nations. If you would like to be placed on our
mailing list or receive a copy of our new information packet on nuclear
power, contact Matthew Freedman at 32 Union Square East, New York, NY
10003-3295 (Tel: 212-777-6626).
Contributions are always welcome. All materials may be reproduced without
permission.
--------------------
BNL - IRAQGATE SCANDAL
The Chicago Connection - Bush &amp; Saddam Inc.
Key documents - sought by Gonzalez - withheld
With George Bush ready to take America into another war with Iraq to
destroy the nuclear, chemical, biological and missiles weapons that Bush
himself helped Saddam Hussein to build, Congressmen Henry Gonzalez, the
courageous Texas Democrat who heads the House Banking Committee, continues,
single-handedly, to peel back layer after layer of cover-up to reveal the
monumental proportions of the Iraqgate-BNL (Banca Nazionale Del Lavoro)
scandal that now threatens to bring down the Bush regime. But the most
explosive documents have been withheld.
Over the past several months Gonzalez has shown the Iraqgate-
BNL scandal to be bigger than anyone had imagined. He has uncovered and
reported incontestable evidence that Bush and his associates secretly sold
nuclear, biological, chemical and missile-related weapons materials to
Saddam Hussein; blocked investigations into the use of such materials by
Hussein; suppressed memos warning of the dangers of such sales;
deliberately falsified documents on such sales submitted to Congress and
interfered illegally to halt investigations into the criminal activities of
the BNL bank in secretly diverting American agricultural loans to buy the
weapons for Hussein.
BNL-BCCI Chicago Branches
Gonzalez has revealed a Bush policy disaster that lead to the first
Gulf War and a blunder that is now costing the Americans $2 billion to pay
off the loans Bush guaranteed with U.S. taxpayersU money . Bush repeatedly
ignored warnings that Iraq would default on the loans. Now, certain key
documents - perhaps the most revealing yet - are being withheld from the
Gonzalez investigation. They are said to be the records of the Chicago
branches of BNL and BCCI (Bank of Credit and Commerce International),
through which, some investigators say , George Bush and Saddam Hussein may
have been involved in a joint, private enterprise to skim oil profits
arising from Reagan-Bush policies toward Iraq. The documents have been
impounded by a Chicago court and Congressman Gonzalez Banking Committee
has been denied access.
Bush's Pennzoil Profits
Between 1980 and 1990 the Gulf region exported a trillion dollars
worth of oil to the West. Hundreds of billions of dollars in kickbacks were
involved. Some of the kickbacks were said to be handled by the BNL/BCCI
banks for Pennzoil, an oil company founded by George Bush The Pennzoil
case was (is?) the target of Ross PerotUs much-denied investigation of the
Bush family and friends. Investigators believe the Chicago bank records
could help explain BushUs massive, covert military support for Iraq in the
years between 1981-1990.
The Chicago BNL /BCCI records could also provide clues to why the
Bush Administration secretly - and possibly illegally - exempted eleven
members of the Bush cabinet from conflict of interest restrictions in their
handling of the Gulf war policy. Bush simply declared that the law
regarding conflict of interest would cease to apply to his advisors on the
Gulf war policy. He then ordered that his declaration would be not be made
public. Congressman Gonzalez is now asking Bush to explain the deal. Bush
has not responded.
According to some investigators, the BNL-BCCI bank documents
now impounded by a Chicago judge could shed light not only on the
Iraqgate case, but on other illegal transactions including Iran-Contra,
October Surprise and the Inslaw case. In all instances monies passed
through the BNL/BCCI banking network.
BNL is an Italian bank now under investigation by Congress for
fraud in using loans from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to finance
IraqUs pre-war military buildup. Over the past thirty years, BNL is
suspected of involvement in a wide range of international criminal
activities. (French Intelligence investigators have even linked the bank to
large payments to certain individuals in Europe in late 1963, thought to be
associated with the John Kennedy assassination.)
On December 28th 1990, when Gonzalez sought the records of the
Chicago branch of BNL (Case number 90 C 6863 of the U.S. District Court in
Chicago: People of the State of Illinois ex re; William C. Harris v. the
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System), Gonzalez was told by
Federal Judge, Brian Duff that he could not have them. Duff, a friend of
both Bush and Reagan, works closely with the Federal Reserve Bank. Duff
impounded the documents and abused GonzalezU attorney for Rbehaving like an
800 -pound gorilla.S That is when Duff impounded the records.
Questions abound. Suspicions arise from the fact that among
officials involved in the BNL bank is Brent Scowcroft, BushUs National
Security advisor who, Gonzalez has now revealed, maintained a million-
dollar financial interest in 40 of the biggest U.S. weapons companies that
profited from U.S. policies toward Iraq, including General Electric,
General Motors, ITT, and Lockheed. Gonzalez has also revealed that
Assistant Secretary of State Laurence Eagleberger worked closely with BNL
when he and Scowcroft were part of Henry KissingerUs consulting firm.
Kissinger was a member of the board of BNL and his firm represents BNL in
the USA.
BNL, P2 and the Vatican Bank
The BNL bank was also used for secret arms trade by the outlawed P2
Masonic Lodge of Rome, whose Grandmaster, Licio Gelli is thought to have
been the mastermind behind BNLUs illegal, world-wide banking strategies,
until his arrest in 1981, for embezzling $1.5 billion from the Vatican
Bank. The Vatican Bank had close ties with BNL. Gelli was recently
sentenced to 18 years in jail for his role in the case.
Gelli was involved with the PopeUs banker and bodyguard, Bishop
Marcinkus (formerly of Chicago) in the Vatican Bank embezzlement. When the
Italian government issued a warrant for the BishopUs arrest they were
blocked by the Vatican, which claims separate city-state authority. (The
Pope is still closely involved with Marcinkus and the Vatican Bank is still
closely associated with BNL.)
Bush and Gelli are friends. Gelli was guest of honor at the 1981
Reagan-Bush inaugural ball. (N.Y. Times, June 4, 1981, page 7.) Kissinger
also knew Gelli. When Gelli was arrested in March, 1981, Kissinger
immediately sent an agent to Rome with $18,000 to try to buy some of the
documents in the P2 case to keep them from becoming public ( In These
Times, Sept. 1982). It may be of interest that P2 had a lodge in Chicago.
Chicago, it is now emerging, has been the central point for vast,
international, illegal transactions involving the BNL and BCCI banks and
secret deals with American oil companies, military manufacturers, the CIA,
and possibly U.S. politicians. (According to a London source, unreleased
BCCI documents in the possession of the Bank of London list the names of
at least 105 members of U.S. Congress - of both Houses and both parties -
who have received money through the Chicago branch of BCCI. The U.S.
Federal Reserve is said to have a copy of the same secret BCCI list).
The Octopus
Just as the P2 scandal in Italy brought down the government and
destroyed hundred of careers in politics, industry and banking, so too the
BNL/BCCI - Penzzoil case could bring down the Bush administration and send
dozens of top administration officials to jail. Indeed the P2 and BNL cases
overlap in the October Surprise case, and U.S. investigators would do well
to examine the Italian government documents in the P2 case as part of their
inquiry into the October Surprise/BNL/BCCI/Penzzoil/Bush/Hussein links. It
is beginning to look as though the late journalist, Danny Casselaro was on
the right track at the time of his highly suspicious RsuicideS last year,
when he was investigating what he called RThe OctopusS, a vast,
interlocking, international criminal conspiracy.
Bush's Watergate
Congress is now calling for the appointment of a Special Prosecutor
to investigate the ballooning BNL-Iraqgate case. In his insightful and
relentless reporting on the case in The New York Times, William Safire says
flatly that BNL will be BushUs Watergate. Saffire is now investigating the
Chicago link to the case. (Updates on the case now appear regularly on the recorded telephone hotlines of controversial Chicago investigator, Sherman
Scholnick of the RCommittee to Clean Up the CourtsS, who has spearheaded
his own investigation. Call: 312 - 731 1100 &amp; 312- 731 1505 for five-
minute recorded updates.)
When appointed, the Special Prosecutor in the BNL/Iraqgate case
should have immediate access to all the records, including the crucial
documents now confiscated and impounded by the Chicago court.
When the truth of the BNL case is finally revealed, the War &amp;
Peace foundation believes we will see the extent to which politics around
the world
have been corrupted by the arms trade. Iraqgate will serve as further
evidence of the need for international monitoring by the United Nations of
all weapons traffic as a first, essential step toward complete world
disarmament.
Ironically, as we go to press, joint efforts by both houses of
Congress in the wake of the Iraqgate revelations to tighten restrictions on
the sale of nuclear weapons-related materials to nations like Iraq, Iran
and Syria, have provoked a threat of veto by George Bush, who argues that
such non- proliferation legislation would mean a loss of business for
American nuclear exporters!
** End of text from cdp:gen.newsletter **
</xml>

44
regexConsp/bnlgate.xml
View File

@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ power, contact Matthew Freedman at 32 Union Square East, New York, NY
Contributions are always welcome. All materials may be reproduced without
permission.
--------------------
--------------------
BNL - IRAQGATE SCANDAL
BNL - IRAQGATE SCANDAL
The Chicago Connection - Bush &amp; Saddam Inc.
Key documents - sought by Gonzalez - withheld
The Chicago Connection - Bush &amp; Saddam Inc.
Key documents - sought by Gonzalez - withheld
With George Bush ready to take America into another war with Iraq to
destroy the nuclear, chemical, biological and missiles weapons that Bush
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ monumental proportions of the Iraqgate-BNL (Banca Nazionale Del Lavoro)
scandal that now threatens to bring down the Bush regime. But the most
explosive documents have been withheld.
Over the past several months Gonzalez has shown the Iraqgate-
Over the past several months Gonzalez has shown the Iraqgate-
BNL scandal to be bigger than anyone had imagined. He has uncovered and
reported incontestable evidence that Bush and his associates secretly sold
nuclear, biological, chemical and missile-related weapons materials to
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ weapons for Hussein.
BNL-BCCI Chicago Branches
Gonzalez has revealed a Bush policy disaster that lead to the first
Gonzalez has revealed a Bush policy disaster that lead to the first
Gulf War and a blunder that is now costing the Americans $2 billion to pay
off the loans Bush guaranteed with U.S. taxpayersU money . Bush repeatedly
ignored warnings that Iraq would default on the loans. Now, certain key
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impounded by a Chicago court and Congressman Gonzalez Banking Committee
has been denied access.
Bush's Pennzoil Profits
Between 1980 and 1990 the Gulf region exported a trillion dollars
Between 1980 and 1990 the Gulf region exported a trillion dollars
worth of oil to the West. Hundreds of billions of dollars in kickbacks were
involved. Some of the kickbacks were said to be handled by the BNL/BCCI
banks for Pennzoil, an oil company founded by George Bush The Pennzoil
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Bush family and friends. Investigators believe the Chicago bank records
could help explain BushUs massive, covert military support for Iraq in the
years between 1981-1990.
The Chicago BNL /BCCI records could also provide clues to why the
The Chicago BNL /BCCI records could also provide clues to why the
Bush Administration secretly - and possibly illegally - exempted eleven
members of the Bush cabinet from conflict of interest restrictions in their
handling of the Gulf war policy. Bush simply declared that the law
@ -72,13 +72,13 @@ Gulf war policy. He then ordered that his declaration would be not be made
public. Congressman Gonzalez is now asking Bush to explain the deal. Bush
has not responded.
According to some investigators, the BNL-BCCI bank documents
According to some investigators, the BNL-BCCI bank documents
now impounded by a Chicago judge could shed light not only on the
Iraqgate case, but on other illegal transactions including Iran-Contra,
October Surprise and the Inslaw case. In all instances monies passed
through the BNL/BCCI banking network.
BNL is an Italian bank now under investigation by Congress for
BNL is an Italian bank now under investigation by Congress for
fraud in using loans from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to finance
IraqUs pre-war military buildup. Over the past thirty years, BNL is
suspected of involvement in a wide range of international criminal
@ -86,16 +86,16 @@ activities. (French Intelligence investigators have even linked the bank to
large payments to certain individuals in Europe in late 1963, thought to be
associated with the John Kennedy assassination.)
On December 28th 1990, when Gonzalez sought the records of the
On December 28th 1990, when Gonzalez sought the records of the
Chicago branch of BNL (Case number 90 C 6863 of the U.S. District Court in
Chicago: People of the State of Illinois ex re; William C. Harris v. the
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System), Gonzalez was told by
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System), Gonzalez was told by
Federal Judge, Brian Duff that he could not have them. Duff, a friend of
both Bush and Reagan, works closely with the Federal Reserve Bank. Duff
impounded the documents and abused GonzalezU attorney for Rbehaving like an
800 -pound gorilla.S That is when Duff impounded the records.
Questions abound. Suspicions arise from the fact that among
Questions abound. Suspicions arise from the fact that among
officials involved in the BNL bank is Brent Scowcroft, BushUs National
Security advisor who, Gonzalez has now revealed, maintained a million-
dollar financial interest in 40 of the biggest U.S. weapons companies that
@ -107,28 +107,28 @@ Kissinger was a member of the board of BNL and his firm represents BNL in
the USA.
BNL, P2 and the Vatican Bank
The BNL bank was also used for secret arms trade by the outlawed P2
The BNL bank was also used for secret arms trade by the outlawed P2
Masonic Lodge of Rome, whose Grandmaster, Licio Gelli is thought to have
been the mastermind behind BNLUs illegal, world-wide banking strategies,
until his arrest in 1981, for embezzling $1.5 billion from the Vatican
Bank. The Vatican Bank had close ties with BNL. Gelli was recently
sentenced to 18 years in jail for his role in the case.
Gelli was involved with the PopeUs banker and bodyguard, Bishop
Gelli was involved with the PopeUs banker and bodyguard, Bishop
Marcinkus (formerly of Chicago) in the Vatican Bank embezzlement. When the
Italian government issued a warrant for the BishopUs arrest they were
blocked by the Vatican, which claims separate city-state authority. (The
Pope is still closely involved with Marcinkus and the Vatican Bank is still
closely associated with BNL.)
Bush and Gelli are friends. Gelli was guest of honor at the 1981
Bush and Gelli are friends. Gelli was guest of honor at the 1981
Reagan-Bush inaugural ball. (N.Y. Times, June 4, 1981, page 7.) Kissinger
also knew Gelli. When Gelli was arrested in March, 1981, Kissinger
immediately sent an agent to Rome with $18,000 to try to buy some of the
documents in the P2 case to keep them from becoming public ( In These
Times, Sept. 1982). It may be of interest that P2 had a lodge in Chicago.
Chicago, it is now emerging, has been the central point for vast,
Chicago, it is now emerging, has been the central point for vast,
international, illegal transactions involving the BNL and BCCI banks and
secret deals with American oil companies, military manufacturers, the CIA,
and possibly U.S. politicians. (According to a London source, unreleased
@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Federal Reserve is said to have a copy of the same secret BCCI list).
The Octopus
Just as the P2 scandal in Italy brought down the government and
Just as the P2 scandal in Italy brought down the government and
destroyed hundred of careers in politics, industry and banking, so too the
BNL/BCCI - Penzzoil case could bring down the Bush administration and send
dozens of top administration officials to jail. Indeed the P2 and BNL cases
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ interlocking, international criminal conspiracy.
Bush's Watergate
Congress is now calling for the appointment of a Special Prosecutor
Congress is now calling for the appointment of a Special Prosecutor
to investigate the ballooning BNL-Iraqgate case. In his insightful and
relentless reporting on the case in The New York Times, William Safire says
flatly that BNL will be BushUs Watergate. Saffire is now investigating the
@ -162,11 +162,11 @@ Scholnick of the RCommittee to Clean Up the CourtsS, who has spearheaded
his own investigation. Call: 312 - 731 1100 &amp; 312- 731 1505 for five-
minute recorded updates.)
When appointed, the Special Prosecutor in the BNL/Iraqgate case
When appointed, the Special Prosecutor in the BNL/Iraqgate case
should have immediate access to all the records, including the crucial
documents now confiscated and impounded by the Chicago court.
When the truth of the BNL case is finally revealed, the War &amp;
When the truth of the BNL case is finally revealed, the War &amp;
Peace foundation believes we will see the extent to which politics around
the world
have been corrupted by the arms trade. Iraqgate will serve as further
@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ evidence of the need for international monitoring by the United Nations of
all weapons traffic as a first, essential step toward complete world
disarmament.
Ironically, as we go to press, joint efforts by both houses of
Ironically, as we go to press, joint efforts by both houses of
Congress in the wake of the Iraqgate revelations to tighten restrictions on
the sale of nuclear weapons-related materials to nations like Iraq, Iran
and Syria, have provoked a threat of veto by George Bush, who argues that

54
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@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>THE BOHEMIAN CLUB</p>
<p> For two and a half weeks every July, two thousand of the top
movers and shakers in business and government attend the Bohemian
Club's summer encampment. Although highly selective, the club has
a national membership and is among the most prestigious of
affiliations in neoconservative circles. Its membership is known
to include Ronald Reagan, George Bush, Gerald Ford, William F.
Buckley, Jr., Frank Borman, Justin Dart, William Randolph Hearst,
Jr., Caspar Weinberger, Charles Percy, George Schultz, Edward
Teller, Merv Griffin, and a large proportion of the directors and
chief executive officers of the Fortune 1000. Daniel Ludwig, the
richest private citizen on earth, is a Bohemian. Conspiracy nuts
think the Bohemian Club meets each summer to plot to take over the
world. These guys ALREADY run the world.
The club's name harkens back to its founding in 1872 by
artists and journalists in the Bay Area; the club proper is at 624
Taylor Street in San Francisco. The annual summer camp is held at
"Bohemian Grove," an isolated site in Sonoma County, California,
near the town of Monte Rio. To get there, you cross the bridge
over the Russian River and take the second left.
Signs warn off trespassers, and the Grove is guarded during
the encampment. Visitors must have invitations and sign in and
out; cooks and other workers have to wear ID badges. The club (and
hired staff) is all male. There are no black Bohemians and just
one Asian; the former Philippine president Carlos Romulo.
The club does a good job of avoiding publicity, although in
1980 Rick Clogher, a writer for MOTHER JONES magazine, managed to
slip in to the encampment for four days with the help of an
unidentified insider. Brooding over the Grove is a giant rock that
looks like an owl. Clogher discovered that the rock is concrete,
covered with moss to look natural. The Cremation of Care ritual
takes place in front of the owl when, on the first night of camp,
robed members burn a doll representing Dull Care.
Bohemian Grove includes 122 distinct camps in its 2,700
acres. The camps have whimsical names such as Whiskey Flat,
Toyland, Owl's Nest, Hill Billies, and Cave Man's, and each one
has its own kitchen-bar building -- there is a lot of drinking --
and sleeping quarters. The members of some camps sleep in tents;
other camps have redwood cabins. Daily "Lakeside Talks" on
geopolitical topics are given by prominent speakers, both members
and non-members. It is claimed that Richard Nixon and Ronald
Reagan conferred during the 1967 encampment, Reagan agreeing not
to challenge Nixon for the presidential nomination.
The highlight of camp is the Grove play, which is written
exclusively for the club. All the female roles are played by men
in drag. The 1980 play was an adaptation of the Greek myth of
Cronus and Zeus supplemented with fireworks, smoke bombs, and a
light show. (One can only wonder if Reagan ever starred in a Grove
play. He certainly has more acting experience than most club
members.) The polished productions cost the Bohemians as much as
$25,000 -- for one performance.</p>
<p>xperience than most </xml>

14
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<xml><p>THE BOHEMIAN CLUB</p>
<p> For two and a half weeks every July, two thousand of the top
<p> For two and a half weeks every July, two thousand of the top
movers and shakers in business and government attend the Bohemian
Club's summer encampment. Although highly selective, the club has
a national membership and is among the most prestigious of
@ -13,18 +13,18 @@ chief executive officers of the Fortune 1000. Daniel Ludwig, the
richest private citizen on earth, is a Bohemian. Conspiracy nuts
think the Bohemian Club meets each summer to plot to take over the
world. These guys ALREADY run the world.
The club's name harkens back to its founding in 1872 by
The club's name harkens back to its founding in 1872 by
artists and journalists in the Bay Area; the club proper is at 624
Taylor Street in San Francisco. The annual summer camp is held at
"Bohemian Grove," an isolated site in Sonoma County, California,
near the town of Monte Rio. To get there, you cross the bridge
over the Russian River and take the second left.
Signs warn off trespassers, and the Grove is guarded during
Signs warn off trespassers, and the Grove is guarded during
the encampment. Visitors must have invitations and sign in and
out; cooks and other workers have to wear ID badges. The club (and
hired staff) is all male. There are no black Bohemians and just
one Asian; the former Philippine president Carlos Romulo.
The club does a good job of avoiding publicity, although in
The club does a good job of avoiding publicity, although in
1980 Rick Clogher, a writer for MOTHER JONES magazine, managed to
slip in to the encampment for four days with the help of an
unidentified insider. Brooding over the Grove is a giant rock that
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ looks like an owl. Clogher discovered that the rock is concrete,
covered with moss to look natural. The Cremation of Care ritual
takes place in front of the owl when, on the first night of camp,
robed members burn a doll representing Dull Care.
Bohemian Grove includes 122 distinct camps in its 2,700
Bohemian Grove includes 122 distinct camps in its 2,700
acres. The camps have whimsical names such as Whiskey Flat,
Toyland, Owl's Nest, Hill Billies, and Cave Man's, and each one
has its own kitchen-bar building -- there is a lot of drinking --
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ geopolitical topics are given by prominent speakers, both members
and non-members. It is claimed that Richard Nixon and Ronald
Reagan conferred during the 1967 encampment, Reagan agreeing not
to challenge Nixon for the presidential nomination.
The highlight of camp is the Grove play, which is written
The highlight of camp is the Grove play, which is written
exclusively for the club. All the female roles are played by men
in drag. The 1980 play was an adaptation of the Greek myth of
Cronus and Zeus supplemented with fireworks, smoke bombs, and a
@ -51,4 +51,4 @@ play. He certainly has more acting experience than most club
members.) The polished productions cost the Bohemians as much as
$25,000 -- for one performance.</p>
<p>xperience than most </p></xml>
<p> xperience than most </p></xml>

545
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@ -1,545 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>Path: uuwest!spies!apple!usc!samsung!uunet!isis!jsanders
From: jsanders@isis.cs.du.edu (Jim Sanders)
Newsgroups: alt.conspiracy
Subject: BOOK FILE! PROVES CIA-MOB-OIL-DRUG-MURDER WORLD CONSPIRACY!!!!
<info type="Message-ID"> 1991Jan21.054207.6954@isis.cs.du.edu</info>
Date: 21 Jan 91 05:42:07 GMT
Reply-To: jsanders@isis.UUCP (Jim Sanders)
Organization: Math/CS, University of Denver
Lines: 534</p>
<p>HERE IT IS -&gt; ********** THE BOOK FILE ************ * * *</p>
<p>THE SUPER RADICAL FILE THAT USES REAL SOURCES TO DOCUMENT THE
CIA/BUXH/MOB/ILLUMINATI/OIL CO LINKS TO RAPE AND STEAL FROM WE THE PEOPLE!!!</p>
<p>A KILLER COMPANION FILE TO THIS ONE IS THE OPAL FILE - WHICH WAS POSTED TO
ALT.CONSPIRACY ON 1/10/91 AND AGAIN ON APPX 1/21/91.
PLEASE CROSS POST THESE FILES ON YOUR LOCAL SSYSTEM NEWS FOR ALL TO SEE THE
TRUTH BEHIND WHY WE MUST NOW DIE FOR THE SEVEN SISTERS(THE OIL COMPANIES).</p>
<p>TABLE OR CONTENTS:
PARTI=LAWYERS/KILLER BOOKS,PARTII=MOB BOOK,PARTIII=DEA BOOK,PARTIV=ILLUMINATI.</p>
<p>PART I:</p>
<p>LAWYERS/CIA/MOB/BUSH -----&gt; RAPE/MURDER/DRUG SMUGGLE/STEAL </p>
<p>Part A:</p>
<p>Lawyers have amassed into a worldwide coalition to dominate the world in the
tradition of the Bavarian Illuminati. Back in the 1800's they managed to gain
control of Amerika by planting their seeds in the Executive, Legislative, and
Judicial branch of U.S. Now separation of powers of the 3 branches exists only
on the hemp paper the Constitution was written on. Oh, and they managed to make
hemp illegal because their buddies own chemical and logging industries that
hemp paper was and can put out of business because it grows 20 times faster,
makes better paper, and needs fewer chemicals to process into paper! They
turned U.S. politics into a morbid game for money. In 1700's our founders
warned us of political parties and hired farmers for presidents who did not use
CIA hitmen to topple foreign regimes for private business concerns. (Bush's
international construction company builds oil refineries in Saudi Arabia!*!*!)
Big brother is nothing more than a four eyed wimp called George with a
lust for megabucks. Death to all who oppose the villain - ex-head of the CIA -
turned US Pres! But he made a terrible mistake. He called a war on drugs,but
his CIA has imported Heroin from Asia for half a century and brought Coke into
the US on Air Amerika planes coming back from Contra Arms deliveries in Central
Amerika!</p>
<p>IMPEACH BUSH NOW - HE'S A DOPE DEALER BETTER YET HANG HIM HIGH FOR TREASON for
working in the Cia when they killed Kennedy so they could escalate the Viet
Nam War and sell heroin to soldiers and JP4 fuel and military jets/helicopters
to U.S. TAXPAYERS! </p>
<p>**** SEND THIS TO YOUR FRIENDS AND CONGRESSMAN/WOMAN AND TELL HER/HIM YOU WANT
BUSH IMPEACHED TODAY AND NO EXCUSES !!!
BESIDES, QUALE WOULD HAVE TROUBLE ESCALATING A BAR FIGHT BY DIALING 911
- HE COULDN'T START A WAR!!!
(MANY UNCONFIRMED THEORIES FORMULATE THAT IF BUSH WERE TO LOSE HIS LIFE OR GET
ROUND FILED, THE CIA WOULD HAVE TO ASSASINATE QUALE)
______________________________________________
| |
| WHAT FOLLOWS ARE EXPLANATIONS AND SOURCES: |
|______________________________________________|</p>
<p>Part B:(Some facts and logical conclusions about lawyers)</p>
<p> "AN AMERICAN TYRANNY,"
by David C. Morrow:</p>
<p>LAWYERS MAKE THE LAWS, JUDGE THE LAWS, BREAK THE LAWS, FUDGE THE LAWS
----------------&gt; SHOULDN'T THIS CHANGE?
Slave owners often helped themselves to their female property and medieval
lords showed their ability to dominate and degrade by having serfs' brides
spend their wedding nights with them and not the grooms.
The California State Bar's Standing Committee on Professional Responsibility
and Conduct has recently decided that "a lawyer-client sexual relationship"
does not impair the lawyer's ability "to competently perform the legal services
required."
"A ban on any sexual relationship with a client," the gentlemen of the Bar
concluded, "appears overly broad and unnecessary." Like the Alaska Bar
Association and, a few years ago, its Oregon counterpart, they ruled it
perfectly fine for lawyers to have sex with women (or men) they represent.
Much criticism of lawyers has come from men trying to reform divorce laws
that give wives at least half a man's property, most of his future income, and
child support without enforced visitation. The accusation is that attorneys,
in legislative offices deliberately make laws that bribe women to divorce in
order to generate cases and that judges, themselves lawyers, assign custody to
women because of evidence showing that maternal more than paternal custody
results in juvenile delinquency. That divorcees may not enjoy as high a living
standard as they anticipate is of no concern to the lawyers.
While these observations can be supported by findings of such established
researchers as the Kettering Foundation and the FBI Crime report, there are
broader implications.
Minnesotan R. F. Doyle, while researching the law's abuse of marriage, came
across a telling article in the September 17, 1975 "Philadelphia Inquirer".
Participants in a Philadelphia Bar Association meeting voted against marijuana
decriminalization. No health reasons were cited; instead the prominent attorney
A. Charles Peruto said that lawyers needed marijuana cases for personal profit.
One need but recall how prostitution, pornography, and other vices are usually
tolerated except during election year when incumbents need to demonstrate their
"effectiveness" and raise extra revenues while scratching one another's backs.
More recently, victims of violent crimes by repeat offenders have begun to
speak out against lenient judges and parole boards who do not keep dangerous
offenders locked up. Each retrial means money for lawyers, judges and a host of
court employees, and who better to guarantee retrials than habitual criminals?</p>
<p>"SINCE LAWYERS OCCUPY ALL BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT,
THE SEPARATION OF POWER EXISTS ONLY ON PAPER!!!"</p>
<p> To test the lawyer conspiracy theory a few years ago, I sent to various
state legislatures for copies of their statistics. While Idaho listed only
eight of 105 legislators as lawyers in 1983, I discovered that in Wisconsin,
for example, eleven of thirty-one senators and twelve of ninety-nine
representatives were attorneys. During that time, seventeen of Alabama's
thirty-five senators and eleven of sixty-five representatives were lawyers.
The New York State legislature was twenty percent lawyers. Governors, as in
Wisconsin, frequently proved to be lawyers.
It would seem that since members of the legal fraternity occupy all branches
of government, the separation of powers exists only on paper. This enables them
to generate cases for profit and the public detriment by making unenforceable
laws, encouraging repeat offenders as long as possible, and appealing to greed
to keep families - and thereby society in general - in disorder. Perhaps,
indeed, most of America's problems are due less to mysterious sociological
factors than to sly legal machinations.
In their zeal to publicly approve their own sexual misbehavior, what lawyers
are really doing is, like slave owners or medieval lords, sneering down at the
rest of us from their pinnacle and flaunting their privileges in the most
degrading and insulting manner. They are also engaging in behavior that causes
social change, especially change of ruling classes. It is the signal to take
actions to eliminate their tyranny.
We should exclude attorneys from all legislative and executive positions.
Office holders can hire or appoint legal advisers. Judges should be elected,
since appointment, especially by professional peers, would be perverted to
favor persons who work to advance their profession and not to secure justice
and social stability. Rather than campaigning, judges should have to publish
their decisions and sentences with complete explanations in ordinary language,
and this information alone should be the basis of the voters' decision to
re-elect or turn them out of office. Since they enjoy immunity from prosecution
for wrongful decisions, judges' punishments for crimes committed while in
office should be extremely severe.
With these and other measures that may be found useful, we can enter the next
century with few social problems, a very high standard of public morality, and
with crimes violent and victimless under a functional measure of control.</p>
<p>&lt;--REPRINT FROM NOMOS, Vol. 7, #'s 2 &amp; 3, Nomos Press, Inc. 9857 S. Damen Ave.,
Chicago, IL 60643, 1 year subscription of 4 issues costs $15 (Never mail cash)</p>
<p>Part C:(Some more facts about lawyers and Mr. CIA dude(G.BUSH!))</p>
<p>In the early 1800's, the professional politicians took over this country and
public office went from "A duty and a privilege" to a profession. A
professional politician must be a master of words. A lawyer's rhetoric is as
effective as a 357 magnum. Who better to pull off the bloodless coup. Or has it
been blood-less? The civil war devastated the north, the south, and the blacks
had to go to work in polluted northern factories for pennies a day afterwards
(quite handy however for the northern industrial imperialists.) Then the
bluecoats killed off the Indians and the buffalo to boot! Then came Korea, Nam,
Graneda, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Kuwait.
Around 1903 a New York oil baron had Nikolai Tesla thrown out of N.Y.
(Tesla was a super inventer of such things as AC current and the Westinghouse
electric motor!) It seems Tesla had discovered a way to transmit electricity
without wires around NY city! The oilmen knew it would be an end to their
gross profiteering from energy manipulation and tossed Nik outta there!
A book called "The Emperor Wears No Clothes" documents how hemp was
needed to win world wars, but soon after became illegal after oil, logging and
chemical companies realized hemp made better paper with less petro-chemicals
and converted to alcohol easily with extremely high energy per kilo of biomass!
(Cars can run on alcohol just as easily as gas-I know-I raced cars &amp; planes!)
"The Origin of Consciousness In the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind" by
Dr. Julian Jaynes of Princeton U., shows in his book how leaders of the world
have confused us for thousands of years with rhetoric, mysticism, music, &amp;
theology, so as to better manipulate and tax the poor masses.
Then there was the carburetor invented in the 70's that got 100 MPG. All
of a sudden a major U.S. company bought the patent rights to the carb and
locked it away. Think of the pollution we now have that we could have avoided
if a handful of greedy politicians and oilmen didn't want all of the excess
wealth their oil businesses have afforded them at the cost of our health!
And Bush is an Oil Refinery Contractor from Texas! Remember, the place
where LBJ, Carlos Marcello, and the CIA had Kennedy shot. Oh, but Bush was in
the CIA! Oh and Bush became the head of the CIA - the same folks that killed
JFK to escalate war and drug profits in NAM. A book "The politics of Heroin in
South East Asia" documents the CIA's selling of narcotics to fund operations.
So does the Book "The American Heroin Empire". HOT NEW BOOK ON DRUGWAR SCAM &amp;
COUNTERINSUGENCY IS CALLED "DEEP COVER" BY MICHAEL LEVINE - GET IT NOW!!!!!!!!!
Garrison's book, "On the trail of Assassins" shows how Oswall was indeed also a
CIA agent. Lucky for the CIA &amp; FBI that Oswald died soon after, along with over
a dozen very important witnessess and suspects who perished for unexplainably
weird reasons within a year of JFK's murder. (And David Scheim's book "Contract
On America" provides the evidence showing how Mafia chiefs like Marcello worked
together with the CIA to murder JFK, Robert Kennedy(he prosecuted MOB Bosses
as JFK's Attorney General), Martin Luther King and Malcom X(these two were
begining to expose the facts that the CIA/MOB drug dealers were taking all the
money from the poor people they sold narcotics to!))
But Bush wants a drug war? But his CIA sells drugs(hard narcotics). Let
us impeach Bush for accessory to a felony to import narcotics(He knew about it)
Or impeach him for accessory to JFK's treasonous murder.(It is supreme high
treason to withhold knowledge of a conspiracy to kill a U.S. President - and
treason carries the death penalty!)
Hoover ran the FBI at the time the killing and helped the coverup. Such
twisted justice can be found described in Turner's book, "Hoover's FBI."
Ex-CIA agents have written books like "The CIA File" and "Deadly Deceits" which
further documents the ruthless activities of drug smuggling and crime by
the CIA abroad and at home. (U.S. law strictly forbids CIA operation in U.S.)
"The Cocaine Wars" explains that the CIA now imports South American Cocaine
into U.S. The Mafias do too, but then they also work for the CIA in many areas
like drug smuggling, assassinations, and other clandistine, cloak and dagger
dirty work no longer needed in the global world of the nineties!
According to the book "Poisoning for Profit," by Block and Scarpitti, the
Mafias basically own the nations waste disposal companies and have dumped toxic
waste illegally into U.S. water supplies for decades. If the CIA and the Mafia
work together, then who is committing crimes against the U.S. now?
I would say that the Bush/Oil/CIA/Mafia connection poses the most threat
to U.S. national security for choking US with oil pollution in Air and Water,
killing our presidents, poisoning our water with toxic waste, and getting our
kids hooked on Smack, Coke and Crack - and all for their love of $.
Hell, these guys make the KGB look about as dangerous as a Cub Scout Pack
loaded with water balloons!
But these same guys control the news services too! No one ever hears any
of this. But then no one reads non-fiction books any more either! These books
are all available at a good college or city library to read for free! Just when
Iraq grabbed the headlines months ago, the Gannett news agency reported in a
small article that mostly Texans including G.Bush received over 500,000 bucks
from failing S&amp;L's. Great smokescreen(sandscreen) George! </p>
<p> Oh, and Bush is a life member of the "Skull and Crossbones Club" which is
the American equivalent of the Bavarian Illuminati - the motto of which falls
along the lines of "secrecy or death!" These secret sects were formed by
Lawyers as far back as 1776 to dominate, manipulate and tax the masses!</p>
<p>Part D(Conclusion:)
We the people could all have 2 day work weeks if $.60 out of every $1.00 we
spend did not pay for energy costs they have assessed us soley for their own
gains-this alone is multiple felony counts of interstate fraud/mail fraud by
Bush &amp; Company. (CIA, &amp; Logging, Oil, Chemical &amp; Financial Industries!)
I propose a new order, not of imperfect, selfish, egotistical humans, but of
and through microprocessors. These machines would not rule the world as most
would expect, but would just aid in applying logic to the production of
solutions to the race's survival.
Data on natural resources, human resources, pollution, et cetera, would be
inputed into a program written in Basic language, open to anyone's inspection,
that would give a committee of non-lawyers/oilmen logical options to take in
handling the affairs of the people. Data input into the Basic interpreter by
the committee would be available to all citizens to duplicate and certify the
committees results.
If the program can be run on anyone's PC, then everyone with a PC could
verify the results the committee obtained so as to make sure that the committee
was not exceeding its own authority. The committee would have to post input
data in newspapers for each problem entered, to allow citizens to duplicate the
committee's findings. If the committee obtained results that differed with the
people's results, the committee would be subject to an audit of their hardware
and software systems until the reason was determined that they obtained
different solutions. This would eliminate the possibility for a virus to be
injected into their system and would eliminate the criminal elements from
tampering with our government for their own personal gains!
With such a system, we no longer would have the personal conflicts of
interest that we presently have with our leaders who are so economically tied
to world events and whose "solutions" are now tainted by such events.</p>
<p>---</p>
<p>PART II:</p>
<p>HOW POLITICIANS/ILLUNINATI USE MAFIAS TO DO THERE DIRTY WORK:</p>
<p>"CONTRACT ON AMERICA" =superexpose on mob/cia/illuminati JFK,King,Malcm X hits!</p>
<p>Well go to a good bookstore and aquire the book "Contract On America" by
David E Scheim. Paperback versions have 624 pages and cost 4.95 US bux.
This is probably the best single source on "the conspiracy" by our governent
to work with the Mob to take over the U.S.A. and run it for their personal
profit.</p>
<p>Chapter 21 "More Assassinations"
Documents how the Mob killed Martin Luther/Malcom X because the two had
begun to expose how much the Mob profitted off of ghetto Blacks by
selling drugs to the poor People!</p>
<p>Chapter 22 "Richard Nixon and the Mob."
This chapter documents a multitude of conections between Nixon and
the Mob/Hoffa/Teamsters/and relatives of such.
(in my opinion, Nixon was one of the fuckin greasyest, slimyest, scum
buckets who pretended to work for the People as a "politician" -
- next to Rea-gun and Bush-wacker of course!)</p>
<p>Chapter 23 "The Reagan Administration"</p>
<p>Obviously deals with CIA/Mob connections that Reagan and his cronies like
G.Bush had in those 8 years of blood sucking!</p>
<p>And now for a quote from page 257 of "Contract On America" (read it and weep)</p>
<p> "Organized crime involves itself in the life of every single human being.
It causes prices to be raised; it affects your pocketbook when you go to a
laundry or dry cleaner; the price you pay for food in the market. I have
been involved in and know of bad meat being purchased, unfit for human
consumption, that has been converted into salami in delicatessens and
forced to be sold through grocery stores...
When I testified about Mr DeCarlo, I, too, had the native feel of what
organized crime was.
I saw photographs of graves dug in New Jersey, with over 35 bodies over
a period of years, melted with lye. I sat and heard the voices at dinner
talking over murdering a 12-year-old child and burying bodies in New Jersey...
Narcotics, manipulation of businesses that cause prices to spiral, we can
go on for a long, long time. . . .It goes on and on.</p>
<p> Mob defector Gerald Zelmanowitz, testifying
in 1973 before a U.S. Senate committee"</p>
<p>BUSH &amp; THE MOB:</p>
<p>page 594 states "Gelli is also "very well aquainted with Vice-President-Bush."
(in Mobese this translates to "the two fuckin worked together")</p>
<p>page367 states "On August 2, 1980, as resort-bound Italian and foreign tourists
crowded Italy's Bologna R.R. station, a massive bomb ripped through a waiting
room. The explosion left 85 dead and 200 others injured. It was the worst
terrorist strike in postwar Europe....
....Another defendent in the pending trial(on the bombing) is P2
grandmaster Licio Gelli, now a fugitive believed to be hiding in S Amerika.
In 1981, shortly before fleeing multiple criminal indictments, Gelli had
been an honored guest at Reagan's inaugural ball...
...when police raided Gelli's villa in 1981...they found an exchange of
letters between Gelli and Guarino discussing ways to help "our brother
Michele," refering to Sindona, another P2 member. Sindona, who had curried the
Italian-American vote for Nixon as Guarino did for Reagan, was then on trial
in New York. Gelli also wrote a letter of support to Reagan offering to ensure
favorable coverage for him in the Italian press. The powerful Italian used his
infuence in a major publishing empire to do exactly that....
....the president(Reagan-Bush) has countenanced the use of unsavory
partnerships and methods to further a political agenda. Moreover, two policy
developments of his presidency find disturbing counterparts in Mob ideology and
perhaps reflect traces of the Mob's insidious, post-assassination influence on:
1) A classic mob scam is to assume control of a thriving business and drain
its wealth through massive loans based on its previoously good finacial
standing. During Reagan's 2 terms, Amerikans have been steered along in an orgy
of consumption that has tripled the national debt from $645 billion to
$2 trillion and turned the world's largest creditor nation into the world's
largest debtor.
2) Organized crime's "ultimate solution to everything is to kill somebody,"
as one defector observed. During the early years of Reagan's presidency,
military force became the prime instrument of U.S. foreign policy. Patterned
after a percieved Soviet menace and financed by the ballooning deficit, the
biggest peacetime weapons buildup in U.S. history was conducted. This obsessive
reliance on weaponry was no better exhibited than in the 1985 covert U.S. arms
sale to Iran - obstensibly a good-will gesture - while that nation was known
to be sponsoring terrorism against Amerikan citizens."</p>
<p>Borrow or buy this book and learn even more! It has pictures, and it seems as
though every other sentence is documented with footnotes referencing hard core
sources!</p>
<p>_____</p>
<p>PART III:</p>
<p>*** NEW DRUGWAR COUNTERINSURGENCY MANUAL - "DEEP COVER": ***</p>
<p>"Deep Cover", by Michael Levine (an expose of the
phony drug war by a former undercover operative)
is out in paperback for $6.00. Seems pretty good
reading, and should provide lots of ammunition for
those of us trying to end this "drug war" madness.</p>
<p>(Standard plug: legalized drugs could bring in on
the order of $100 *BILLION* a year in tax revenues,
the best chance to reduce the deficit and pull us
out of the recession. Currently that money is going
overseas to 3rd world drug producers.)</p>
<p>Quote from the book: " ... the secret agencies that
really pull the strings of foreign policy believe that
our two-hundred-BILLION-dollar-a-year drug habit is a
necessary subsidy to keep the millions of poor in Third
World countries from turning to communism ..."</p>
<p>"Once lead the American people into war, and they'll forget there
ever was such a thing as tolerance. To fight you must be brutal
and ruthless, and the spirit of ruthless brutality will enter into
every fiber of our national life ..." --- President Woodrow Wilson</p>
<p>----</p>
<p>PART IV:</p>
<p>ILLUMINATI DIRECTLY LINKED TO CURRENT WORLD EVENTS BY VICTORY CHART:</p>
<p>Hell, I'm Jewish, but it sure as hell to me looks like international
banking is a Religious plot to rule the world. After all, the
major International Banks are owned by three Jewish families, the
Rosenthauls, the Rockefellers, and the Rothschilds! New York City was
owned by 'em until the Japs bought them out! Read a book by a former
Moussad operative(Israeli SS) called "Moussad" to become more enlightened about
this matter! And order the best single source on the Illuminati for *FREE*
by asking for the "Rise and Power of the International Bankers" chart from:</p>
<p> VICTORY BAPTIST CHURCH
900 46TH AVENUE
EAST MOLINE, IL 61244 </p>
<p>(Summary of just one-hundredth of the chart is found at end of this document.)</p>
<p>Jayne's book and I&amp;O Publishing out of Boulder City Nevada will illustrate that
whenever a bunch of religious fanatics do something, they ruin things for all
others. Take the Pope's overpopulation of the earth for example, or the
crusades, or the Koran's evil followers in Arabia. Every time We the People
are left holding the bag naked. I say lets drop the bag in the dumpster. Ditch
religion forever and think for yourself damn-it! I only include this church
literature cause they are involved with the Freedom Movement who, yes, are a
little fanatical, but they are the only ones around who will stand up to
the B.S. that has suppressed so many others, and are the only ones who dare
expose the Illuminati and live to talk about it!</p>
<p>NOW FOR THE SUM OF A MAN'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE ILLUMINATI:</p>
<p>These folks are more secret than Moussad(the Israeli SS) who is the
undisputed ultimate "secret agent men/women" experts of the world.
Therefore, you will find no reliable sources of information on them.
They like to frequent Swiss chalets and spend their loot on good
spirits and women. Oh, they do not have women for members.
Their associates are in international banking and are world leaders of
organized crime. But they are not ever necessarily top world leaders or
top CEO's, but they completely influence the major decisions of most
multinational companies and world leaders.
They are always there but you never see them:
Once, at a coffee shop in an affluent Denver 'burb in the foothills, I ran
across a man of this general authority. With a German accent, he had told
me that if I were to sit at a table, I was to buy coffee, but he did not
work there. He wore a $2,000 Swiss pilot's chronometer on one wrist. His
clothes cost at least half of the watch and he wasn't wearing a suit!
We were just waiting for the rain to stop and I could not believe my ears
when he tried to shoo me away from my dry spot under the curbside table's
canvas awning. I thought carefully and then replied something to the likes
of "The Illuminati would always like for me to be recirculating my money
back into their economic system of manipulation."
As soon as I said this, never mind the weather, he took off. He was a
strong 50 year old Aryan, about 6'1", 200lbs, to my 5'11", 150lbs
but he looked extremely agitated before he left. I could tell he was not
physically scared of me. In fact, he knew all too well what I was saying about
the global economic policies of his "associates" in the Illuminati. You see,
they have so effectively cut off information about even their existence, that
it will damn near give one of them vapor lock if you call their hand!
(Notice that Europe houses the ultimate banks next to Bavaria on Swiss soil,
and note how the Swiss are given International Neutrality to boot so that
the Secret accounts will be safe and stable! I would wager a month of Sundays
that money in a Swiss account is backed by real gold too!)
Bush belongs to the "Skull and Crossbones Club" which is the American
Equivalent of the Illuninati. You have to study at Yale and be in a family that
is part of the old boy system and then you might get in. It is highly secret,
but really is much more well known than the Illuminati. It exists to perpetuate
the existence of the old boys in Amerika, much as the Illuminati does the same
in Europe.
Amazingly, the only reference to the Illuminati that I have ever seen other
than in a few paper back books on mysticism called the Trilogy which actually
are probably right 50% of the time, was in the Unabridged Webster's Dictionary,
where all it dares say is that they were "the members of an anticlerical,
deistic, republican society founded in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt, professor of
law at Ingolstadt in Bavaria. It was suppressed by the Bavarian government in
1785: called also the Order of the Illuminati."
I suppose they had to go deep undercover, much more so than even the Mafia.
This might explain the agitation I evoked in the fellow!
It might be fun to know more about these fellow, but you now know all you
need to know, except their names. Search and destroy! </p>
<p>The Illuminati was formed by the creme de la creme of Europe's most powerful
aristocrats to perpetuate its iron grip on the peasants, to maintain the status
quo, to keep the rich rich, and the poor masses poor.</p>
<p>J.Jaynes book, "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown Of the Bicameral
Mind," explains how for thousands of years, the masses have been hypnotized
into not thinking for themselves by Illuminati like leaders who use mysticism,
religion, music and propaganda to accomplish this. A person can still do very
hard organized work for these manipulators and actually still not ever think in
a non-bicameral or enlightened state of mind. This has allowed the world's
sadistic, oppressive leaders to screw us for 1000's of years.</p>
<p>It appears that the illuminati had penetrated U.S. government from the
beginning. The Illuminati was formed in 1776 by a lawyer in Bavaria.
These esquires snaked their way into the womb of Amerika from the getgo!
I find it revolting and an infinite slap in the face to see lawyers' own symbol
of economic repression on the very money we get shafted for by these leach
lawyers daily. </p>
<p>(In 1776 The European Economic Community (the aristocracy) worried quite
a bit when WE told England to get the Hell outta here, so naturally they
regrouped and formed the Illuminati to deal with US and prevent future colonies
from being so eager to toss the king's tea taxes overboard!)</p>
<p>ACCORDING TO THE RISE AND POWER OF THE INTERNATIONAL BANKERS CHART:</p>
<p>Beginning in 1795, five of the Rothschild's sons were sent to five different
European countries, were the Illuminati/World Banker scam started to spread
in Germany, Vienna, England, Italy, and France. This put them in the top five
countries, where they soon rose to positions of immense power and influence.
Thus the manipulation of global affairs began!</p>
<p>The 10 commandments of the Illuminati are:
1 - Abolish land ownership.
2 - Taxation of the people.
3 - Abolish all rights of inheritance.
4 - Confiscate lands and properties of all rebels.
5 - Centralize credit - Create National banks.
6 - Control transportation and communication.
7 - State owned factories.
8 - Equal liability of all to labor.
9 - Distribution of the population.
10 - Free education to all in "public" schools.
(Sounds like bigbro ta me, Booboo!)</p>
<p>The chart shows that in 1798 the following 3 things occurred:
1 - Washington warned of the danger of the Illuminati.
2 - Jefferson wrote to John Adams stating that he agreed with
him that the international bankers were more powerful and
dangerous than standing armies.
3 - Professor John Robinson exposed it in his book, " PROOFS OF
A CONSPIRACY."</p>
<p>And then in 1836, Andrew Jackson abolished the central bank. If this
measure had not been taken, America would have fallen to the
International bankers at this time.</p>
<p>NOTE: the last 40 lines were 1% of the data on the chart showing the
Illuminati's links and activities as "Control," which appears
to be their new name. Get the damn chart - I don't care what
you think of Baptists, these folks are just helping us now!
?
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* PLEASE COPY AND DISTRIBUTE THIS TO AS MANY PEOPLE AS POSSIBLE !!! *
* SEND A COPY TO YOUR POLICE, GOVERNORS, LEGISLATORS, RELATIVES !!! *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
____________________
| __ .__ |
| |__| |__| " |
| |
| DON'T TREAD ON ME! |
|____________________|
</xml>

162
regexConsp/bookfile.xml
View File

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Reply-To: jsanders@isis.UUCP (Jim Sanders)
Organization: Math/CS, University of Denver
Lines: 534</p>
<p>HERE IT IS -&gt; ********** THE BOOK FILE ************ * * *</p>
<p>HERE IT IS -&gt; ********** THE BOOK FILE ***************</p>
<p>THE SUPER RADICAL FILE THAT USES REAL SOURCES TO DOCUMENT THE
CIA/BUXH/MOB/ILLUMINATI/OIL CO LINKS TO RAPE AND STEAL FROM WE THE PEOPLE!!!</p>
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ turned U.S. politics into a morbid game for money. In 1700's our founders
warned us of political parties and hired farmers for presidents who did not use
CIA hitmen to topple foreign regimes for private business concerns. (Bush's
international construction company builds oil refineries in Saudi Arabia!*!*!)
Big brother is nothing more than a four eyed wimp called George with a
Big brother is nothing more than a four eyed wimp called George with a
lust for megabucks. Death to all who oppose the villain - ex-head of the CIA -
turned US Pres! But he made a terrible mistake. He called a war on drugs,but
his CIA has imported Heroin from Asia for half a century and brought Coke into
@ -52,35 +52,35 @@ Nam War and sell heroin to soldiers and JP4 fuel and military jets/helicopters
to U.S. TAXPAYERS! </p>
<p>**** SEND THIS TO YOUR FRIENDS AND CONGRESSMAN/WOMAN AND TELL HER/HIM YOU WANT
BUSH IMPEACHED TODAY AND NO EXCUSES !!!
BUSH IMPEACHED TODAY AND NO EXCUSES !!!
BESIDES, QUALE WOULD HAVE TROUBLE ESCALATING A BAR FIGHT BY DIALING 911
- HE COULDN'T START A WAR!!!
- HE COULDN'T START A WAR!!!
(MANY UNCONFIRMED THEORIES FORMULATE THAT IF BUSH WERE TO LOSE HIS LIFE OR GET
ROUND FILED, THE CIA WOULD HAVE TO ASSASINATE QUALE)
______________________________________________
| |
| WHAT FOLLOWS ARE EXPLANATIONS AND SOURCES: |
|______________________________________________|</p>
ROUND FILED, THE CIA WOULD HAVE TO ASSASINATE QUALE)
______________________________________________
| |
| WHAT FOLLOWS ARE EXPLANATIONS AND SOURCES: |
|______________________________________________|</p>
<p>Part B:(Some facts and logical conclusions about lawyers)</p>
<p> "AN AMERICAN TYRANNY,"
by David C. Morrow:</p>
<p> "AN AMERICAN TYRANNY,"
by David C. Morrow:</p>
<p>LAWYERS MAKE THE LAWS, JUDGE THE LAWS, BREAK THE LAWS, FUDGE THE LAWS
----------------&gt; SHOULDN'T THIS CHANGE?
Slave owners often helped themselves to their female property and medieval
----------------&gt; SHOULDN'T THIS CHANGE?
Slave owners often helped themselves to their female property and medieval
lords showed their ability to dominate and degrade by having serfs' brides
spend their wedding nights with them and not the grooms.
The California State Bar's Standing Committee on Professional Responsibility
The California State Bar's Standing Committee on Professional Responsibility
and Conduct has recently decided that "a lawyer-client sexual relationship"
does not impair the lawyer's ability "to competently perform the legal services
required."
"A ban on any sexual relationship with a client," the gentlemen of the Bar
"A ban on any sexual relationship with a client," the gentlemen of the Bar
concluded, "appears overly broad and unnecessary." Like the Alaska Bar
Association and, a few years ago, its Oregon counterpart, they ruled it
perfectly fine for lawyers to have sex with women (or men) they represent.
Much criticism of lawyers has come from men trying to reform divorce laws
Much criticism of lawyers has come from men trying to reform divorce laws
that give wives at least half a man's property, most of his future income, and
child support without enforced visitation. The accusation is that attorneys,
in legislative offices deliberately make laws that bribe women to divorce in
@ -88,10 +88,10 @@ order to generate cases and that judges, themselves lawyers, assign custody to
women because of evidence showing that maternal more than paternal custody
results in juvenile delinquency. That divorcees may not enjoy as high a living
standard as they anticipate is of no concern to the lawyers.
While these observations can be supported by findings of such established
While these observations can be supported by findings of such established
researchers as the Kettering Foundation and the FBI Crime report, there are
broader implications.
Minnesotan R. F. Doyle, while researching the law's abuse of marriage, came
Minnesotan R. F. Doyle, while researching the law's abuse of marriage, came
across a telling article in the September 17, 1975 "Philadelphia Inquirer".
Participants in a Philadelphia Bar Association meeting voted against marijuana
decriminalization. No health reasons were cited; instead the prominent attorney
@ -99,15 +99,15 @@ A. Charles Peruto said that lawyers needed marijuana cases for personal profit.
One need but recall how prostitution, pornography, and other vices are usually
tolerated except during election year when incumbents need to demonstrate their
"effectiveness" and raise extra revenues while scratching one another's backs.
More recently, victims of violent crimes by repeat offenders have begun to
More recently, victims of violent crimes by repeat offenders have begun to
speak out against lenient judges and parole boards who do not keep dangerous
offenders locked up. Each retrial means money for lawyers, judges and a host of
court employees, and who better to guarantee retrials than habitual criminals?</p>
<p>"SINCE LAWYERS OCCUPY ALL BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT,
THE SEPARATION OF POWER EXISTS ONLY ON PAPER!!!"</p>
THE SEPARATION OF POWER EXISTS ONLY ON PAPER!!!"</p>
<p> To test the lawyer conspiracy theory a few years ago, I sent to various
<p> To test the lawyer conspiracy theory a few years ago, I sent to various
state legislatures for copies of their statistics. While Idaho listed only
eight of 105 legislators as lawyers in 1983, I discovered that in Wisconsin,
for example, eleven of thirty-one senators and twelve of ninety-nine
@ -115,14 +115,14 @@ representatives were attorneys. During that time, seventeen of Alabama's
thirty-five senators and eleven of sixty-five representatives were lawyers.
The New York State legislature was twenty percent lawyers. Governors, as in
Wisconsin, frequently proved to be lawyers.
It would seem that since members of the legal fraternity occupy all branches
It would seem that since members of the legal fraternity occupy all branches
of government, the separation of powers exists only on paper. This enables them
to generate cases for profit and the public detriment by making unenforceable
laws, encouraging repeat offenders as long as possible, and appealing to greed
to keep families - and thereby society in general - in disorder. Perhaps,
indeed, most of America's problems are due less to mysterious sociological
factors than to sly legal machinations.
In their zeal to publicly approve their own sexual misbehavior, what lawyers
In their zeal to publicly approve their own sexual misbehavior, what lawyers
are really doing is, like slave owners or medieval lords, sneering down at the
rest of us from their pinnacle and flaunting their privileges in the most
degrading and insulting manner. They are also engaging in behavior that causes
@ -156,26 +156,26 @@ had to go to work in polluted northern factories for pennies a day afterwards
(quite handy however for the northern industrial imperialists.) Then the
bluecoats killed off the Indians and the buffalo to boot! Then came Korea, Nam,
Graneda, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Kuwait.
Around 1903 a New York oil baron had Nikolai Tesla thrown out of N.Y.
Around 1903 a New York oil baron had Nikolai Tesla thrown out of N.Y.
(Tesla was a super inventer of such things as AC current and the Westinghouse
electric motor!) It seems Tesla had discovered a way to transmit electricity
without wires around NY city! The oilmen knew it would be an end to their
gross profiteering from energy manipulation and tossed Nik outta there!
A book called "The Emperor Wears No Clothes" documents how hemp was
A book called "The Emperor Wears No Clothes" documents how hemp was
needed to win world wars, but soon after became illegal after oil, logging and
chemical companies realized hemp made better paper with less petro-chemicals
and converted to alcohol easily with extremely high energy per kilo of biomass!
(Cars can run on alcohol just as easily as gas-I know-I raced cars &amp; planes!)
"The Origin of Consciousness In the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind" by
"The Origin of Consciousness In the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind" by
Dr. Julian Jaynes of Princeton U., shows in his book how leaders of the world
have confused us for thousands of years with rhetoric, mysticism, music, &amp;
theology, so as to better manipulate and tax the poor masses.
Then there was the carburetor invented in the 70's that got 100 MPG. All
Then there was the carburetor invented in the 70's that got 100 MPG. All
of a sudden a major U.S. company bought the patent rights to the carb and
locked it away. Think of the pollution we now have that we could have avoided
if a handful of greedy politicians and oilmen didn't want all of the excess
wealth their oil businesses have afforded them at the cost of our health!
And Bush is an Oil Refinery Contractor from Texas! Remember, the place
And Bush is an Oil Refinery Contractor from Texas! Remember, the place
where LBJ, Carlos Marcello, and the CIA had Kennedy shot. Oh, but Bush was in
the CIA! Oh and Bush became the head of the CIA - the same folks that killed
JFK to escalate war and drug profits in NAM. A book "The politics of Heroin in
@ -191,12 +191,12 @@ together with the CIA to murder JFK, Robert Kennedy(he prosecuted MOB Bosses
as JFK's Attorney General), Martin Luther King and Malcom X(these two were
begining to expose the facts that the CIA/MOB drug dealers were taking all the
money from the poor people they sold narcotics to!))
But Bush wants a drug war? But his CIA sells drugs(hard narcotics). Let
But Bush wants a drug war? But his CIA sells drugs(hard narcotics). Let
us impeach Bush for accessory to a felony to import narcotics(He knew about it)
Or impeach him for accessory to JFK's treasonous murder.(It is supreme high
treason to withhold knowledge of a conspiracy to kill a U.S. President - and
treason carries the death penalty!)
Hoover ran the FBI at the time the killing and helped the coverup. Such
Hoover ran the FBI at the time the killing and helped the coverup. Such
twisted justice can be found described in Turner's book, "Hoover's FBI."
Ex-CIA agents have written books like "The CIA File" and "Deadly Deceits" which
further documents the ruthless activities of drug smuggling and crime by
@ -205,24 +205,24 @@ the CIA abroad and at home. (U.S. law strictly forbids CIA operation in U.S.)
into U.S. The Mafias do too, but then they also work for the CIA in many areas
like drug smuggling, assassinations, and other clandistine, cloak and dagger
dirty work no longer needed in the global world of the nineties!
According to the book "Poisoning for Profit," by Block and Scarpitti, the
According to the book "Poisoning for Profit," by Block and Scarpitti, the
Mafias basically own the nations waste disposal companies and have dumped toxic
waste illegally into U.S. water supplies for decades. If the CIA and the Mafia
work together, then who is committing crimes against the U.S. now?
I would say that the Bush/Oil/CIA/Mafia connection poses the most threat
I would say that the Bush/Oil/CIA/Mafia connection poses the most threat
to U.S. national security for choking US with oil pollution in Air and Water,
killing our presidents, poisoning our water with toxic waste, and getting our
kids hooked on Smack, Coke and Crack - and all for their love of $.
Hell, these guys make the KGB look about as dangerous as a Cub Scout Pack
Hell, these guys make the KGB look about as dangerous as a Cub Scout Pack
loaded with water balloons!
But these same guys control the news services too! No one ever hears any
But these same guys control the news services too! No one ever hears any
of this. But then no one reads non-fiction books any more either! These books
are all available at a good college or city library to read for free! Just when
Iraq grabbed the headlines months ago, the Gannett news agency reported in a
small article that mostly Texans including G.Bush received over 500,000 bucks
from failing S&amp;L's. Great smokescreen(sandscreen) George! </p>
<p> Oh, and Bush is a life member of the "Skull and Crossbones Club" which is
<p> Oh, and Bush is a life member of the "Skull and Crossbones Club" which is
the American equivalent of the Bavarian Illuminati - the motto of which falls
along the lines of "secrecy or death!" These secret sects were formed by
Lawyers as far back as 1776 to dominate, manipulate and tax the masses!</p>
@ -271,16 +271,16 @@ to work with the Mob to take over the U.S.A. and run it for their personal
profit.</p>
<p>Chapter 21 "More Assassinations"
Documents how the Mob killed Martin Luther/Malcom X because the two had
begun to expose how much the Mob profitted off of ghetto Blacks by
selling drugs to the poor People!</p>
Documents how the Mob killed Martin Luther/Malcom X because the two had
begun to expose how much the Mob profitted off of ghetto Blacks by
selling drugs to the poor People!</p>
<p>Chapter 22 "Richard Nixon and the Mob."
This chapter documents a multitude of conections between Nixon and
the Mob/Hoffa/Teamsters/and relatives of such.
(in my opinion, Nixon was one of the fuckin greasyest, slimyest, scum
buckets who pretended to work for the People as a "politician" -
- next to Rea-gun and Bush-wacker of course!)</p>
This chapter documents a multitude of conections between Nixon and
the Mob/Hoffa/Teamsters/and relatives of such.
(in my opinion, Nixon was one of the fuckin greasyest, slimyest, scum
buckets who pretended to work for the People as a "politician" -
- next to Rea-gun and Bush-wacker of course!)</p>
<p>Chapter 23 "The Reagan Administration"</p>
@ -289,54 +289,54 @@ G.Bush had in those 8 years of blood sucking!</p>
<p>And now for a quote from page 257 of "Contract On America" (read it and weep)</p>
<p> "Organized crime involves itself in the life of every single human being.
<p> "Organized crime involves itself in the life of every single human being.
It causes prices to be raised; it affects your pocketbook when you go to a
laundry or dry cleaner; the price you pay for food in the market. I have
been involved in and know of bad meat being purchased, unfit for human
consumption, that has been converted into salami in delicatessens and
forced to be sold through grocery stores...
When I testified about Mr DeCarlo, I, too, had the native feel of what
When I testified about Mr DeCarlo, I, too, had the native feel of what
organized crime was.
I saw photographs of graves dug in New Jersey, with over 35 bodies over
I saw photographs of graves dug in New Jersey, with over 35 bodies over
a period of years, melted with lye. I sat and heard the voices at dinner
talking over murdering a 12-year-old child and burying bodies in New Jersey...
Narcotics, manipulation of businesses that cause prices to spiral, we can
Narcotics, manipulation of businesses that cause prices to spiral, we can
go on for a long, long time. . . .It goes on and on.</p>
<p> Mob defector Gerald Zelmanowitz, testifying
in 1973 before a U.S. Senate committee"</p>
<p> Mob defector Gerald Zelmanowitz, testifying
in 1973 before a U.S. Senate committee"</p>
<p>BUSH &amp; THE MOB:</p>
<p>page 594 states "Gelli is also "very well aquainted with Vice-President-Bush."
(in Mobese this translates to "the two fuckin worked together")</p>
(in Mobese this translates to "the two fuckin worked together")</p>
<p>page367 states "On August 2, 1980, as resort-bound Italian and foreign tourists
crowded Italy's Bologna R.R. station, a massive bomb ripped through a waiting
room. The explosion left 85 dead and 200 others injured. It was the worst
terrorist strike in postwar Europe....
....Another defendent in the pending trial(on the bombing) is P2
....Another defendent in the pending trial(on the bombing) is P2
grandmaster Licio Gelli, now a fugitive believed to be hiding in S Amerika.
In 1981, shortly before fleeing multiple criminal indictments, Gelli had
In 1981, shortly before fleeing multiple criminal indictments, Gelli had
been an honored guest at Reagan's inaugural ball...
...when police raided Gelli's villa in 1981...they found an exchange of
...when police raided Gelli's villa in 1981...they found an exchange of
letters between Gelli and Guarino discussing ways to help "our brother
Michele," refering to Sindona, another P2 member. Sindona, who had curried the
Italian-American vote for Nixon as Guarino did for Reagan, was then on trial
in New York. Gelli also wrote a letter of support to Reagan offering to ensure
favorable coverage for him in the Italian press. The powerful Italian used his
infuence in a major publishing empire to do exactly that....
....the president(Reagan-Bush) has countenanced the use of unsavory
....the president(Reagan-Bush) has countenanced the use of unsavory
partnerships and methods to further a political agenda. Moreover, two policy
developments of his presidency find disturbing counterparts in Mob ideology and
perhaps reflect traces of the Mob's insidious, post-assassination influence on:
1) A classic mob scam is to assume control of a thriving business and drain
1) A classic mob scam is to assume control of a thriving business and drain
its wealth through massive loans based on its previoously good finacial
standing. During Reagan's 2 terms, Amerikans have been steered along in an orgy
of consumption that has tripled the national debt from $645 billion to
$2 trillion and turned the world's largest creditor nation into the world's
largest debtor.
2) Organized crime's "ultimate solution to everything is to kill somebody,"
2) Organized crime's "ultimate solution to everything is to kill somebody,"
as one defector observed. During the early years of Reagan's presidency,
military force became the prime instrument of U.S. foreign policy. Patterned
after a percieved Soviet menace and financed by the ballooning deficit, the
@ -393,9 +393,9 @@ Moussad operative(Israeli SS) called "Moussad" to become more enlightened about
this matter! And order the best single source on the Illuminati for *FREE*
by asking for the "Rise and Power of the International Bankers" chart from:</p>
<p> VICTORY BAPTIST CHURCH
900 46TH AVENUE
EAST MOLINE, IL 61244 </p>
<p> VICTORY BAPTIST CHURCH
900 46TH AVENUE
EAST MOLINE, IL 61244 </p>
<p>(Summary of just one-hundredth of the chart is found at end of this document.)</p>
@ -426,20 +426,20 @@ multinational companies and world leaders.
They are always there but you never see them:
Once, at a coffee shop in an affluent Denver 'burb in the foothills, I ran
Once, at a coffee shop in an affluent Denver 'burb in the foothills, I ran
across a man of this general authority. With a German accent, he had told
me that if I were to sit at a table, I was to buy coffee, but he did not
work there. He wore a $2,000 Swiss pilot's chronometer on one wrist. His
clothes cost at least half of the watch and he wasn't wearing a suit!
clothes cost at least half of the watch and he wasn't wearing a suit!
We were just waiting for the rain to stop and I could not believe my ears
when he tried to shoo me away from my dry spot under the curbside table's
canvas awning. I thought carefully and then replied something to the likes
of "The Illuminati would always like for me to be recirculating my money
of "The Illuminati would always like for me to be recirculating my money
back into their economic system of manipulation."
As soon as I said this, never mind the weather, he took off. He was a
strong 50 year old Aryan, about 6'1", 200lbs, to my 5'11", 150lbs
but he looked extremely agitated before he left. I could tell he was not
but he looked extremely agitated before he left. I could tell he was not
physically scared of me. In fact, he knew all too well what I was saying about
the global economic policies of his "associates" in the Illuminati. You see,
they have so effectively cut off information about even their existence, that
@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ that money in a Swiss account is backed by real gold too!)
Bush belongs to the "Skull and Crossbones Club" which is the American
Equivalent of the Illuninati. You have to study at Yale and be in a family that
is part of the old boy system and then you might get in. It is highly secret,
is part of the old boy system and then you might get in. It is highly secret,
but really is much more well known than the Illuminati. It exists to perpetuate
the existence of the old boys in Amerika, much as the Illuminati does the same
in Europe.
@ -459,9 +459,9 @@ in Europe.
Amazingly, the only reference to the Illuminati that I have ever seen other
than in a few paper back books on mysticism called the Trilogy which actually
are probably right 50% of the time, was in the Unabridged Webster's Dictionary,
where all it dares say is that they were "the members of an anticlerical,
where all it dares say is that they were "the members of an anticlerical,
deistic, republican society founded in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt, professor of
law at Ingolstadt in Bavaria. It was suppressed by the Bavarian government in
law at Ingolstadt in Bavaria. It was suppressed by the Bavarian government in
1785: called also the Order of the Illuminati."
I suppose they had to go deep undercover, much more so than even the Mafia.
@ -513,33 +513,33 @@ Thus the manipulation of global affairs began!</p>
8 - Equal liability of all to labor.
9 - Distribution of the population.
10 - Free education to all in "public" schools.
(Sounds like bigbro ta me, Booboo!)</p>
(Sounds like bigbro ta me, Booboo!)</p>
<p>The chart shows that in 1798 the following 3 things occurred:
1 - Washington warned of the danger of the Illuminati.
2 - Jefferson wrote to John Adams stating that he agreed with
him that the international bankers were more powerful and
dangerous than standing armies.
him that the international bankers were more powerful and
dangerous than standing armies.
3 - Professor John Robinson exposed it in his book, " PROOFS OF
A CONSPIRACY."</p>
A CONSPIRACY."</p>
<p>And then in 1836, Andrew Jackson abolished the central bank. If this
measure had not been taken, America would have fallen to the
International bankers at this time.</p>
<p>NOTE: the last 40 lines were 1% of the data on the chart showing the
Illuminati's links and activities as "Control," which appears
to be their new name. Get the damn chart - I don't care what
you think of Baptists, these folks are just helping us now!
?
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* PLEASE COPY AND DISTRIBUTE THIS TO AS MANY PEOPLE AS POSSIBLE !!! *
* SEND A COPY TO YOUR POLICE, GOVERNORS, LEGISLATORS, RELATIVES !!! *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Illuminati's links and activities as "Control," which appears
to be their new name. Get the damn chart - I don't care what
you think of Baptists, these folks are just helping us now!
?
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* PLEASE COPY AND DISTRIBUTE THIS TO AS MANY PEOPLE AS POSSIBLE !!! *
* SEND A COPY TO YOUR POLICE, GOVERNORS, LEGISLATORS, RELATIVES !!! *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
____________________
| __ .__ |
| |__| |__| " |
| |
| __ .__ |
| |__| |__| " |
| |
| DON'T TREAD ON ME! |
|____________________|
</p></xml>

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<xml><p> Feel free to copy this article far and wide, but please
keep my name and this sentence on it.</p>
<p> The Bill of Rights, a Status Report
by Eric Postpischil</p>
<p> 4 September 1990</p>
<p> 6 Hamlett Drive, Apt. 17
Nashua, NH 03062</p>
<p> edp@jareth.enet.dec.com</p>
<p> How many rights do you have? You should check, because it
might not be as many today as it was a few years ago, or
even a few months ago. Some people I talk to are not
concerned that police will execute a search warrant without
knocking or that they set up roadblocks and stop and
interrogate innocent citizens. They do not regard these as
great infringements on their rights. But when you put
current events together, there is information that may be
surprising to people who have not yet been concerned: The
amount of the Bill of Rights that is under attack is
alarming.</p>
<p> Let's take a look at the Bill of Rights and see which
aspects are being pushed on or threatened. The point here
is not the degree of each attack or its rightness or
wrongness, but the sheer number of rights that are under
attack.</p>
<p> Amendment I</p>
<p> Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom
of speech, or of the press; or the right of the
people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the
Government for a redress of grievances.</p>
<p> ESTABLISHING RELIGION: While campaigning for his first
term, George Bush said "I don't know that atheists should
be considered as citizens, nor should they be considered
patriots." Bush has not retracted, commented on, or
clarified this statement, in spite of requests to do so.
According to Bush, this is one nation under God. And
apparently if you are not within Bush's religious beliefs,
you are not a citizen. Federal, state, and local
governments also promote a particular religion (or,
occasionally, religions) by spending public money on
religious displays.</p>
<p> FREE EXERCISE OF RELIGION: Robert Newmeyer and Glenn
Braunstein were jailed in 1988 for refusing to stand in
respect for a judge. Braunstein says the tradition of
rising in court started decades ago when judges entered
carrying Bibles. Since judges no longer carry Bibles,
Braunstein says there is no reason to stand -- and his
Bible tells him to honor no other God. For this religious
practice, Newmeyer and Braunstein were jailed and are now
suing.</p>
<p> FREE SPEECH: We find that technology has given the
government an excuse to interfere with free speech.
Claiming that radio frequencies are a limited resource, the
government tells broadcasters what to say (such as news and
public and local service programming) and what not to say
(obscenity, as defined by the Federal Communications
Commission [FCC]). The FCC is investigating Boston PBS
station WGBH-TV for broadcasting photographs from the
Mapplethorpe exhibit.</p>
<p> FREE SPEECH: There are also laws to limit political
statements and contributions to political activities. In
1985, the Michigan Chamber of Commerce wanted to take out
an advertisement supporting a candidate in the state house
of representatives. But a 1976 Michigan law prohibits a
corporation from using its general treasury funds to make
independent expenditures in a political campaign. In
March, the Supreme Court upheld that law. According to
dissenting Justice Kennedy, it is now a felony in Michigan
for the Sierra Club, the American Civil Liberties Union, or
the Chamber of Commerce to advise the public how a
candidate voted on issues of urgent concern to their
members.</p>
<p> FREE PRESS: As in speech, technology has provided another
excuse for government intrusion in the press. If you
distribute a magazine electronically and do not print
copies, the government doesn't consider you a press and
does not give you the same protections courts have extended
to printed news. The equipment used to publish Phrack, a
worldwide electronic magazine about phones and hacking, was
confiscated after publishing a document copied from a Bell
South computer entitled "A Bell South Standard Practice
(BSP) 660-225-104SV Control Office Administration of
Enhanced 911 Services for Special Services and Major
Account Centers, March, 1988." All of the information in
this document was publicly available from Bell South in
other documents. The government has not alleged that the
publisher of Phrack, Craig Neidorf, was involved with or
participated in the copying of the document. Also, the
person who copied this document from telephone company
computers placed a copy on a bulletin board run by Rich
Andrews. Andrews forwarded a copy to AT&amp;T officials and
cooperated with authorities fully. In return, the Secret
Service (SS) confiscated Andrews' computer along with all
the mail and data that were on it. Andrews was not charged
with any crime.</p>
<p> FREE PRESS: In another incident that would be comical if
it were not true, on March 1 the SS ransacked the offices
of Steve Jackson Games (SJG); irreparably damaged property;
and confiscated three computers, two laser printers,
several hard disks, and many boxes of paper and floppy
disks. The target of the SS operation was to seize all
copies of a game of fiction called GURPS Cyberpunk. The
Cyberpunk game contains fictitious break-ins in a
futuristic world, with no technical information of actual
use with real computers, nor is it played on computers.
The SS never filed any charges against SJG but still
refused to return confiscated property.</p>
<p> PEACEABLE ASSEMBLY: The right to assemble peaceably is no
longer free -- you have to get a permit. Even that is not
enough; some officials have to be sued before they realize
their reasons for denying a permit are not Constitutional.</p>
<p> PEACEABLE ASSEMBLY: In Alexandria, Virginia, there is a
law that prohibits people from loitering for more than
seven minutes and exchanging small objects. Punishment is
two years in jail. Consider the scene in jail: "What'd
you do?" "I was waiting at a bus stop and gave a guy a
cigarette." This is not an impossible occurrence: In
Pittsburgh, Eugene Tyler, 15, has been ordered away from
bus stops by police officers. Sherman Jones, also 15, was
accosted with a police officer's hands around his neck
after putting the last bit of pizza crust into his mouth.
The police suspected him of hiding drugs.</p>
<p> PETITION FOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES: Rounding out the
attacks on the first amendment, there is a sword hanging
over the right to petition for redress of grievances.
House Resolution 4079, the National Drug and Crime
Emergency Act, tries to "modify" the right to habeas
corpus. It sets time limits on the right of people in
custody to petition for redress and also limits the courts
in which such an appeal may be heard.</p>
<p> Amendment II</p>
<p> A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the
security of a free State, the right of the people
to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.</p>
<p> RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS: This amendment is so commonly
challenged that the movement has its own name: gun
control. Legislation banning various types of weapons is
supported with the claim that the weapons are not for
"legitimate" sporting purposes. This is a perversion of
the right to bear arms for two reasons. First, the basis
of freedom is not that permission to do legitimate things
is granted to the people, but rather that the government is
empowered to do a limited number of legitimate things --
everything else people are free to do; they do not need to
justify their choices. Second, should the need for defense
arise, it will not be hordes of deer that the security of a
free state needs to be defended from. Defense would be
needed against humans, whether external invaders or
internal oppressors. It is an unfortunate fact of life
that the guns that would be needed to defend the security
of a state are guns to attack people, not guns for sporting
purposes.</p>
<p> Firearms regulations also empower local officials, such as
police chiefs, to grant or deny permits. This results in
towns where only friends of people in the right places are
granted permits, or towns where women are generally denied
the right to carry a weapon for self-defense.</p>
<p> Amendment III</p>
<p> No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered
in any house, without the consent of the Owner,
nor in time of war, but in a manner to be
prescribed by law.</p>
<p> QUARTERING SOLDIERS: This amendment is fairly clean so
far, but it is not entirely safe. Recently, 200 troops in
camouflage dress with M-16s and helicopters swept through
Kings Ridge National Forest in Humboldt County, California.
In the process of searching for marijuana plants for four
days, soldiers assaulted people on private land with M-16s
and barred them from their own property. This might not be
a direct hit on the third amendment, but the disregard for
private property is uncomfortably close.</p>
<p> Amendment IV</p>
<p> The right of the people to be secure in their
persons, houses, papers and effects, against
unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be
violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon
probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation,
and particularly describing the place to be
searched, and the persons or things to be seized.</p>
<p> RIGHT TO BE SECURE IN PERSONS, HOUSES, PAPERS AND EFFECTS
AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCHES AND SEIZURES: The RICO law
is making a mockery of the right to be secure from seizure.
Entire stores of books or videotapes have been confiscated
based upon the presence of some sexually explicit items.
Bars, restaurants, or houses are taken from the owners
because employees or tenants sold drugs. In Volusia
County, Florida, Sheriff Robert Vogel and his officers stop
automobiles for contrived violations. If large amounts of
cash are found, the police confiscate it on the PRESUMPTION
that it is drug money -- even if there is no other evidence
and no charges are filed against the car's occupants. The
victims can get their money back only if they prove the
money was obtained legally. One couple got their money
back by proving it was an insurance settlement. Two other
men who tried to get their two thousand dollars back were
denied by the Florida courts.
RIGHT TO BE SECURE IN PERSONS, HOUSES, PAPERS AND EFFECTS
AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCHES AND SEIZURES: A new law goes
into effect in Oklahoma on January 1, 1991. All property,
real and personal, is taxable, and citizens are required to
list all their personal property for tax assessors,
including household furniture, gold and silver plate,
musical instruments, watches, jewelry, and personal,
private, or professional libraries. If a citizen refuses
to list their property or is suspected of not listing
something, the law directs the assessor to visit and enter
the premises, getting a search warrant if necessary. Being
required to tell the state everything you own is not being
secure in one's home and effects.
NO WARRANTS SHALL ISSUE, BUT UPON PROBABLE CAUSE, SUPPORTED
BY OATH OR AFFIRMATION: As a supporting oath or
affirmation, reports of anonymous informants are accepted.
This practice has been condoned by the Supreme Court.</p>
<p> PARTICULARLY DESCRIBING THE PLACE TO BE SEARCHED AND
PERSONS OR THINGS TO BE SEIZED: Today's warrants do not
particularly describe the things to be seized -- they list
things that might be present. For example, if police are
making a drug raid, they will list weapons as things to be
searched for and seized. This is done not because the
police know of any weapons and can particularly describe
them, but because they allege people with drugs often have
weapons.</p>
<p> Both of the above apply to the warrant the Hudson, New
Hampshire, police used when they broke down Bruce Lavoie's
door at 5 a.m. with guns drawn and shot and killed him.
The warrant claimed information from an anonymous
informant, and it said, among other things, that guns were
to be seized. The mention of guns in the warrant was used
as reason to enter with guns drawn. Bruce Lavoie had no
guns. Bruce Lavoie was not secure from unreasonable search
and seizure -- nor is anybody else.</p>
<p> Other infringements on the fourth amendment include
roadblocks and the Boston Police detention of people based
on colors they are wearing (supposedly indicating gang
membership). And in Pittsburgh again, Eugene Tyler was
once searched because he was wearing sweat pants and a
plaid shirt -- police told him they heard many drug dealers
at that time were wearing sweat pants and plaid shirts.
</p>
<p> Amendment V</p>
<p> No person shall be held to answer for a capital,
or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a
presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except
in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or
in the Militia, when in actual service in time of
War or public danger; nor shall any person be
subject to the same offence to be twice put in
jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled
in any criminal case to be a witness against
himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or
property, without due process of law; nor shall
private property be taken for public use without
just compensation.</p>
<p> INDICTMENT OF A GRAND JURY: Kevin Bjornson has been
proprietor of Hydro-Tech for nearly a decade and is a
leading authority on hydroponic technology and cultivation.
On October 26, 1989, both locations of Hydro-Tech were
raided by the Drug Enforcement Administration. National
Drug Control Policy Director William Bennett has declared
that some indoor lighting and hydroponic equipment is
purchased by marijuana growers, so retailers and
wholesalers of such equipment are drug profiteers and
co-conspirators. Bjornson was not charged with any crime,
nor subpoenaed, issued a warrant, or arrested. No illegal
substances were found on his premises. Federal officials
were unable to convince grand juries to indict Bjornson.
By February, they had called scores of witnesses and
recalled many two or three times, but none of the grand
juries they convened decided there was reason to criminally
prosecute Bjornson. In spite of that, as of March, his
bank accounts were still frozen and none of the inventories
or records had been returned. Grand juries refused to
indict Bjornson, but the government is still penalizing
him.</p>
<p> TWICE PUT IN JEOPARDY OF LIFE OR LIMB: Members of the
McMartin family in California have been tried two or three
times for child abuse. Anthony Barnaby was tried for
murder (without evidence linking him to the crime) three
times before New Hampshire let him go.</p>
<p> COMPELLED TO BE A WITNESS AGAINST HIMSELF: Oliver North
was forced to testify against himself. Congress granted
him immunity from having anything he said to them being
used as evidence against him, and then they required him to
talk. After he did so, what he said was used to find other
evidence which was used against him. The courts also play
games where you can be required to testify against yourself
if you testify at all.</p>
<p> COMPELLED TO BE A WITNESS AGAINST HIMSELF: In the New York
Central Park assault case, three people were found guilty
of assault. But there was no physical evidence linking
them to the crime; semen did not match any of the
defendants. The only evidence the state had was
confessions. To obtain these confessions, the police
questioned a 15-year old without a parent present -- which
is illegal under New York state law. Police also refused
to let the subject's Big Brother, an attorney for the
Federal government, see him during questioning. Police
screamed "You better tell us what we want to hear and
cooperate or you are going to jail," at 14-year-old Antron
McCray, according to Bobby McCray, his father. Antron
McCray "confessed" after his father told him to, so that
police would release him. These people were coerced into
bearing witness against themselves, and those confessions
were used to convict them.</p>
<p> COMPELLED TO BE A WITNESS AGAINST HIMSELF: Your answers to
Census questions are required by law, with a $100 penalty
for each question not answered. But people have been
evicted for giving honest Census answers. According to the
General Accounting Office, one of the most frequent ways
city governments use census information is to detect
illegal two-family dwellings. This has happened in
Montgomery County, Maryland; Pullman, Washington; and Long
Island, New York. The August 8, 1989, Wall Street Journal
reports this and other ways Census answers have been used
against the answerers.
COMPELLED TO BE A WITNESS AGAINST HIMSELF: Drug tests are
being required from more and more people, even when there
is no probable cause, no accident, and no suspicion of drug
use. Requiring people to take drug tests compels them to
provide evidence against themselves.
DEPRIVED OF LIFE, LIBERTY, OR PROPERTY WITHOUT DUE PROCESS
OF LAW: This clause is violated on each of the items life,
liberty, and property. Incidents including such violations
are described elsewhere in this article. Here are two
more: On March 26, 1987, in Jeffersontown, Kentucky,
Jeffrey Miles was killed by police officer John Rucker, who
was looking for a suspected drug dealer. Rucker had been
sent to the wrong house; Miles was not wanted by police.
He received no due process. In Detroit, $4,834 was seized
from a grocery store after dogs detected traces of cocaine
on three one-dollar bills in a cash register.
PRIVATE PROPERTY TAKEN FOR PUBLIC USE WITHOUT JUST
COMPENSATION: RICO is shredding this aspect of the Bill of
Rights. The money confiscated by Sheriff Vogel goes
directly into Vogel's budget; it is not regulated by the
legislature. Federal and local governments seize and
auction boats, buildings, and other property. Under RICO,
the government is seizing property without due process.
The victims are required to prove not only that they are
not guilty of a crime, but that they are entitled to their
property. Otherwise, the government auctions off the
property and keeps the proceeds.</p>
<p> Amendment VI</p>
<p> In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall
enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by
an impartial jury of the State and district
wherein the crime shall have been committed,
which district shall have been previously
ascertained by law, and to be informed of the
nature and cause of the accusation; to be
confronted with the witnesses against him; to
have compulsory process for obtaining Witnesses
in his favor, and to have the assistance of
counsel for his defence.
THE RIGHT TO A SPEEDY AND PUBLIC TRIAL: Surprisingly, the
right to a public trial is under attack. When Marion Barry
was being tried, the prosecution attempted to bar Louis
Farrakhan and George Stallings from the gallery. This
request was based on an allegation that they would send
silent and "impermissible messages" to the jurors. The
judge initially granted this request. One might argue that
the whole point of a public trial is to send a message to
all the participants: The message is that the public is
watching; the trial had better be fair.
BY AN IMPARTIAL JURY: The government does not even honor
the right to trial by an impartial jury. US District Judge
Edward Rafeedie is investigating improper influence on
jurors by US marshals in the Enrique Camarena case. US
marshals apparently illegally communicated with jurors
during deliberations.
OF THE STATE AND DISTRICT WHEREIN THE CRIME SHALL HAVE BEEN
COMMITTED: This is incredible, but Manuel Noriega is being
tried so far away from the place where he is alleged to
have committed crimes that the United States had to invade
another country and overturn a government to get him. Nor
is this a unique occurrence; in a matter separate from the
Camarena case, Judge Rafeedie was asked to dismiss charges
against Mexican gynecologist Dr. Humberto Alvarez Machain
on the grounds that the doctor was illegally abducted from
his Guadalajara office in April and turned over to US
authorities.</p>
<p> TO BE INFORMED OF THE NATURE AND CAUSE OF THE ACCUSATION:
Steve Jackson Games, nearly put out of business by the raid
described previously, has been stonewalled by the SS. "For
the past month or so these guys have been insisting the
book wasn't the target of the raid, but they don't say what
the target was, or why they were critical of the book, or
why they won't give it back," Steve Jackson says. "They
have repeatedly denied we're targets but don't explain why
we've been made victims." Attorneys for SJG tried to find
out the basis for the search warrant that led to the raid
on SJG. But the application for that warrant was sealed by
order of the court and remained sealed at last report, in
July. Not only has the SS taken property and nearly
destroyed a publisher, it will not even explain the nature
and cause of the accusations that led to the raid.</p>
<p> TO BE CONFRONTED WITH THE WITNESSES AGAINST HIM: The courts
are beginning to play fast and loose with the right to
confront witnesses. Watch out for anonymous witnesses and
videotaped testimony.</p>
<p> TO HAVE COMPULSORY PROCESS FOR OBTAINING WITNESSES: Ronald
Reagan resisted submitting to subpoena and answering
questions about Irangate, claiming matters of national
security and executive privilege. A judge had to dismiss
some charges against Irangate participants because the
government refused to provide information subpoenaed by the
defendants. And one wonders if the government would go
to the same lengths to obtain witnesses for Manuel Noriega
as it did to capture him.</p>
<p> TO HAVE THE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL: The right to assistance
of counsel took a hit recently. Connecticut Judge Joseph
Sylvester is refusing to assign public defenders to people
ACCUSED of drug-related crimes, including drunk driving.</p>
<p> TO HAVE THE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL: RICO is also affecting
the right to have the assistance of counsel. The
government confiscates the money of an accused person,
which leaves them unable to hire attorneys. The IRS has
served summonses nationwide to defense attorneys, demanding
the names of clients who paid cash for fees exceeding
$10,000.</p>
<p> Amendment VII</p>
<p> In Suits at common law, where the value in
controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the
right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no
fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise
reexamined in any Court of the United States,
than according to the rules of common law.</p>
<p> RIGHT OF TRIAL BY JURY IN SUITS AT COMMON LAW: This is a
simple right; so far the government has not felt threatened
by it and has not made attacks on it that I am aware of.
This is our only remaining safe haven in the Bill of Rights.</p>
<p> Amendment VIII</p>
<p> Excessive bail shall not be required, nor
excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual
punishments inflicted.</p>
<p> EXCESSIVE BAIL AND FINES: Tallahatchie County in
Mississippi charges ten dollars a day to each person who
spends time in the jail, regardless of the length of stay
or the outcome of their trial. This means innocent people
are forced to pay. Marvin Willis was stuck in jail for 90
days trying to raise $2,500 bail on an assault charge. But
after he made that bail, he was kept imprisoned because he
could not pay the $900 rent Tallahatchie demanded. Nine
former inmates are suing the county for this practice.</p>
<p> CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTS: House Resolution 4079
sticks its nose in here too: "... a Federal court shall
not hold prison or jail crowding unconstitutional under the
eighth amendment except to the extent that an individual
plaintiff inmate proves that the crowding causes the
infliction of cruel and unusual punishment of that
inmate."</p>
<p> CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTS: A life sentence for selling
a quarter of a gram of cocaine for $20 -- that is what
Ricky Isom was sentenced to in February in Cobb County,
Georgia. It was Isom's second conviction in two years, and
state law imposes a mandatory sentence. Even the judge
pronouncing the sentence thinks it is cruel; Judge Tom
Cauthorn expressed grave reservations before sentencing
Isom and Douglas Rucks (convicted of selling 3.5 grams of
cocaine in a separate but similar case). Judge Cauthorn
called the sentences "Draconian."</p>
<p> Amendment IX</p>
<p> The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain
rights, shall not be construed to deny or
disparage others retained by the people.</p>
<p> OTHER RIGHTS RETAINED BY THE PEOPLE: This amendment is so
weak today that I will ask not what infringements there are
on it but rather what exercise of it exists at all? What
law can you appeal to a court to find you not guilty of
violating because the law denies a right retained by you?</p>
<p> Amendment X</p>
<p> The powers not delegated to the United States by
the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the
States, are reserved to the States respectively,
or to the people.</p>
<p> POWERS RESERVED TO THE STATES OR THE PEOPLE: This
amendment is also weak, although it is not so nonexistent
as the ninth amendment. But few states set their own speed
limits or drinking age limits. Today, we mostly think of
this country as the -- singular -- United States, rather
than a collection of states. This concentration of power
detaches laws from the desires of people -- and even of
states. House Resolution 4079 crops up again here -- it
uses financial incentives to get states to set specific
penalties for certain crimes. Making their own laws
certainly must be considered a right of the states, and
this right is being infringed upon.</p>
<p> Out of ten amendments, nine are under attack, most of them
under multiple attacks of different natures, and some of
them under a barrage. If this much of the Bill of Rights
is threatened, how can you be sure your rights are safe? A
right has to be there when you need it. Like insurance,
you cannot afford to wait until you need it and then set
about procuring it or ensuring it is available. Assurance
must be made in advance.</p>
<p> The bottom line here is that your rights are not safe. You
do not know when one of your rights will be violated. A
number of rights protect accused persons, and you may think
it is not important to protect the rights of criminals.
But if a right is not there for people accused of crimes,
it will not be there when you need it. With the Bill of
Rights in the sad condition described above, nobody can be
confident they will be able to exercise the rights to which
they are justly entitled. To preserve our rights for
ourselves in the future, we must defend them for everybody
today.
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<xml><p></p>
<p>NOTE: This is a report on Government and military techniques, notterrorist!</p>
<p> B R A I N W A S H I N G
By Lorenzo Saint Dubois</p>
<p>The report that follows is a condensation of a study by training experts of
the important information available on this subject.</p>
<p> BACKGROUND</p>
<p>Brainwashing, as a technique, has been used for centuries and is no mystery
to psychologists. In this sense, brainwashing means involuntary re-education
of basic beliefs and values. All people are being re-educated continually.
New information changes one's beliefs.</p>
<p>Everyone has experienced to some degree the conflict that ensues when new
information is not consistent with prior belief.</p>
<p>The experience of the brainwashed individual differs in that the inconsistent
information is forced upon the individual under controlled conditions after
the possibility of critical judgment has been removed by a variety of
methods.</p>
<p>There is no question that an individual can be broken psychologically by
captors with knowledge and willingness to persist in techniques aimed at
deliberately destroying the integration of a personality. Although it is
probable that everyone reduced to such a confused, disoriented state will
respond to the introduction of new beliefs, this cannot be stated
dogmatically.</p>
<p> HUMAN CONTROL AND REACTION TO CONTROL</p>
<p>There are progressive steps in exercising control over an individual and
changing his behaviour and personality integration.</p>
<p>The following five steps are typical of behaviour changes in any controlled
individual:</p>
<p>1. Making the individual aware of control is the first stage in changing his
behaviour. A small child is made aware of the physical and psychological
control of his parents and quickly recognizes that an overwhelming force
must be reckoned with.</p>
<p> So a controlled adult comes to recognize the overwhelming powers of the
state and the impersonal, incarcerative machinery in which he is enmeshed.
The individual recognizes that definite limits have been put upon the ways
he can respond.</p>
<p>2. Realization of his complete dependence upon the controlling system is a
major factor in the controlling of his behaviour.</p>
<p> The controlled adult is forced to accept the fact that food, tobacco,
praise and the only social contact that he will get come from the very
interrogator who exercises control over him.</p>
<p>3. The awareness of control and recognition of dependence result in causing
internal conflict and breakdown of previous patterns of behaviour.</p>
<p> Although this transition can be relatively mild in the case of a child,
it is almost invariably severe for the adult undergoing brainwashing.
Only an individual who holds his values lightly can change them easily.</p>
<p> Since the brainwasher/interrogators aim to have the individuals undergo
profound emotional change, they force their victims to seek out painfully
what is desired by the controlling individual. During this period the
victim is likely to have a mental breakdown characterized by delusions
and hallucinations.</p>
<p>4. Discovery that there is an acceptable solution to his problem is the
first stage of reducing the individuals conflict.</p>
<p> It is characteristically reported by victims of brainwashing that this
discovery led to an overwhelming feeling of relief that the horror of
internal conflict would cease and that perhaps they would not be driven
insane.</p>
<p> It is at this point that they are prepared to make major changes in their
value system. This is an automatic rather than voluntary choice. They have
lost their ability to be critical.</p>
<p>5. Reintegration of values and identification with the controlling system is
the final stage in changing the behaviour of the controlled individual.</p>
<p> A child who has learned a new, socially desirable behaviour demonstrates
its importance by attempting to as apt the new behaviour to a variety of
other situations. Similar states in the brainwashed adult are pitiful.</p>
<p> His new value-system, his manner of perceiving, organizing, and giving
meaning to events, is virtually independent of his former value system.
He is no longer capable of thinking or speaking in concepts other than
those he has adopted. He tends to identify by expressing thanks to his
captors for helping him see the light.</p>
<p> Anyone willing to use known principles of control and reactions to
control and capable of demonstrating the patience needed in raising a
child can probably achieve successful brainwashing.</p>
<p> CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND THEIR EFFECTS</p>
<p>A description of usual communist control techniques follows.</p>
<p>INTERROGATION</p>
<p>There are at least two ways in which interrogation is used:</p>
<p>A. Elicitation, which is designed to get the individual to surrender
protected information, is a form of interrogation. One major difference
between elicitation and interrogation used to achieve brainwashing is that
the mind of the individual must be kept clear to permit coherent,
undistorted disclosure of protected information.</p>
<p>B. Elicitation for the purpose of brainwashing consists of questioning,
argument, indoctrination, threats, cajolery, praise, hostility and a
variety of other pressures. The aim of this interrogation is to hasten the
breakdown of the individual's value system and to encourage the substitution
of a different valuesystem.</p>
<p>The procurement of protected information is secondary and is used as a
device to increase pressure upon the individual. The term interrogation in
this article will refer in general, to this type. The interrogator is the
individual who conducts this type of interrogation and who controls the
administration of the other pressures. He is the protagonist against whom
the victim develops his conflict and upon whom the victim develops a state
of dependency as he seeks some solution to his conflict.</p>
<p>PHYSICAL TORTURE &amp; THREATS OF TORTURE</p>
<p>Two types of physical torture are distinguishable more by their psychological
effect in inducing conflict than by the degree of painfulness:</p>
<p>A. The first type is one in which the victim has a passive role in the pain
inflicted on him (e.g., beatings). His conflict involves the decision of
whether or not to give in to demands in order to avoid further pain.
Generally, brutality of this type was not found to achieve the desired
results. Threats of torture were found more effective, as fear of pain
causes greater conflict within the individual than does pain itself.</p>
<p>B. The second type of torture is represented by requiring the individual to
stand in one spot for several hours or assume some other pain-inducing
position. Such a requirement often engenders in the individual a
determination to stick it out. This internal act of resistance provide a
feeling of moral superiority at first. As time passes and his pain mounts,
the individual becomes aware that it is his own original determination to
resist that is causing the continuance of pain.</p>
<p>A conflict develops within the individual between his moral determination and
his desire to collapse and discontinue the pain. It is this extra internal
conflict, in addition to the conflict over whether or not to give in to the
demands made of him, that tends to make this method of torture more
effective in the breakdown of the individual personality.</p>
<p>
ISOLATION</p>
<p>Individual differences in reaction to isolation are probably greater than to
any other method. Some individuals appear to be able to withstand prolonged
periods of isolation without deleterious effects, while a relatively short
period of isolation reduces others to the verge of psychosis. Reaction
varies with the conditions of the isolation cell.</p>
<p>Some sources have indicated a strong reaction to filth and vermin, although
they had negligible reactions to the isolation. Others reacted violently to
isolation in relatively clean cells. The predominant cause of breakdown in
such situations is a lack of sensory stimulation (i.e., grayness of walls,
lack of sound, absence of social contact, etc.). Experimental subjects
exposed to this condition have reported vivid hallucinations and
overwhelming fears of losing their sanity.</p>
<p>CONTROL OF COMMUNICATION</p>
<p>This is one of the most effective methods for creating a sense of
helplessness and despair. This measure might well be considered the
cornerstone of the system of control. It consists of strict regulation of
the mail, reading materials, broadcast materials and social contact
available to the individual. The need to communicate is so great that when
the usual channels are blocked, the individual will resort to any open
channel, almost regardless of the implications of using that particular
channel.</p>
<p>Many POWs in Korea, whose only act of collaboration was to sign petitions
and peace appeals, defended their actions on the ground that this was the
only method of letting the outside world know they were still alive.</p>
<p>Many stated that their morale and fortitude would have been increased
immeasurably had leaflets of encouragement been dropped to them. When the
only contact with the outside world is via the interrogator, the prisoner
comes to develop extreme dependency on his interrogator and hence loses
another prop to his morale.</p>
<p>Another wrinkle in communication control is the informer system. The
recruitment of informers in POW camps discouraged communication between
inmates. POWs who feared that every act or thought of resistance would be
communicated to camp administrators, lost faith in their fellow man and
were forced to untrusting individualism. Informers are also under several
stages of brainwashing and elicitation to develop and maintain control over
the victims.</p>
<p>INDUCTION OF FATIGUE</p>
<p>This is a well-known device for breaking will power and critical powers of
judgment. Deprivation of sleep results in more intense psychological
debilitation than does any other method of engendering fatigue. They vary
their methods.</p>
<p>Conveyor belt interrogation that last 50-60 hours will make almost any
individual compromise, but there is danger that this will kill the victim.
It is safer to conduct interrogations of 8-10 hours at night while forcing
the prisoner to remain awake during the day. Additional interruptions in the
remaining 2-3 hours of allotted sleep quickly reduce the most resilient
individual.</p>
<p>Alternate administration of drug stimulants and depressants hastens the
process of fatigue and sharpens the psychological reactions of excitement
and depression. Fatigue, in addition to reducing the will to resist, also
produces irritation and fear that arise from increased slips of the
tongue forgetfulness and decreased ability to maintain orderly thought
processes.</p>
<p>CONTROL OF FOOD, WATER AND TOBACCO</p>
<p>The controlled individual is made intensely aware of his dependence upon his
interrogator for the quality and quantity of his food and tobacco. The
exercise of this control usually follows a pattern.</p>
<p>No food and little or no water is permitted the individual for several
days prior to interrogation. When the prisoner first complains of this to
the interrogator, the latter expresses surprise at such inhumane treatment.</p>
<p>He makes a demand of the prisoner, if the latter complies, he receives a
good meal. If he does not, he gets a diet of unappetizing food containing
limited vitamins, minerals and calories.</p>
<p>This diet is supplemented occasionally by the interrogator if the prisoner
cooperates. Studies of controlled starvation indicate that the whole value-
system of the subjects underwent a change. Their irritation increased
as their ability to think clearly decreased. The control of tobacco presented
an even greater source of conflict for heavy smokers. Because tobacco is not
necessary to life, being manipulated by his craving for it can in the
individual a strong sense of guilt.</p>
<p>CRITICISM AND SELF-CRITICISM</p>
<p>There are mechanisms of thought control. Self-criticism gains its
effectiveness from the fact that although it is not a crime for a man to be
wrong, it is a major crime to be stubborn and to refuse to learn. Many
individuals feel intensely relieved in being able to share their sense of
guilt.</p>
<p>Those individuals however, who have adjusted to handling their guilt
internally have difficulty adapting to criticism and self-criticism. In
brainwashing, after a sufficient sense of guilt has been created in the
individual, sharing and self-criticism permit relief. The price paid for
this relief, however, is loss of individuality and increased dependency.</p>
<p>HYPNOSIS AND DRUGS AS CONTROLS</p>
<p>There is no reliable evidence of making widespread use of drugs or hypnosis
in brainwashing or elicitation. The exception to this is the use of common
stimulants or depressants in inducing fatigue and mood swings.</p>
<p>Other methods of control, which when used in conjunction with the basic
processes, hasten the deterioration of prisoners' sense of values and
resistance are:</p>
<p>A. Requiring a case history or autobiography of the prisoner provides a mine
of information for the interrogator in establishing and documenting
accusations.</p>
<p>B. Friendliness of the interrogator, when least expected, upsets the
prisoner's ability to maintain a critical attitude.</p>
<p>C. Petty demands, such as severely limiting the allotted time for use of
toilet facilities or requiring the POW to kill hundreds of flies, are
harassment methods.</p>
<p>D. Prisoners are often humiliated by refusing them the use of toilet
facilities during interrogation, until they soil themselves. Often
prisoners were not permitted to bathe for weeks until they felt
contemptible.</p>
<p>E. Conviction as a war criminal appears to be a potent factor in creating
despair in the individual. One official analysis of the pressures exerted
by the ChiComs on confessors and non-confessors to participation in
bacteriological warfare in Korea showed that actual trial and conviction
of war crimes was overwhelmingly associated with breakdown and confession.</p>
<p>F. Attempted elicitation of protected information at various times during
the brainwashing process diverted the individual from awareness of the
deterioration of his value-system.</p>
<p>The fact that, in most cases, the ChiComs did not want or need such
intelligence was not known to the prisoner. His attempts to protect
such information was made at the expense of hastening his own breakdown.</p>
<p> EXERCISE OF CONTROL
A SCHEDULE FOR BRAINWASHING</p>
<p>From the many fragmentary accounts reviewed, the following appears to be the
most likely description of what occurs during brainwashing. In the period
immediately following capture, the captors are faced with the problem of
deciding on best ways of exploitation of the prisoners.</p>
<p>Therefore, early treatment is similar both for those who are to be exploited
through elicitation and those who are to undergo brainwashing. Concurrently
with being interrogated and required to write a detailed personal history,
the prisoner undergoes a physical and psychological softening-up which
includes: limited unpalatable food rations, withholding of tobacco, possible
work details, severely inadequate use of toilet facilities, no use of
facilities for personal cleanliness, limitation of sleep such as requiring a
subject to sleep with a bright light in his eyes.</p>
<p>The interrogation and autobiographical material, the reports of the
prisoner's behaviour in confinement and tentative personality typing by the
interrogators, provide the basis upon which exploitation plans are made.</p>
<p>There is a major difference between preparation for elicitation and for
brainwashing. Prisoners exploited through elicitation must retain sufficient
clarity of thought to be able to give coherent, factual accounts.</p>
<p>In brainwashing, on the other hand, the first thing attacked is clarity of
thought. To develop a strategy of defence, the controlled individual must
determine what plans have been made for his exploitation. Perhaps the best
cues he can get are internal reactions to the pressures he undergoes. The
most important aspect of the brainwashing process is the interrogation. The
other pressures are designed primarily to help the interrogator achieve his
goals. The following states are created systematically within the
individual. These may vary in order, but all are necessary to the
brainwashing process:</p>
<p>1. A feeling of helplessness in attempting to deal with the impersonal
machinery of control.
2. An initial reaction of surprise.
3. A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him.
4. A developing feeling of dependence upon the interrogator.
5. A sense of doubt and loss of objectivity.
6. Feelings of guilt.
7. A questioning attitude toward his own value-system.
8. A feeling of potential breakdown i.e., that he might go crazy.
9. A need to defend his acquired principles.
10. A final sense of belonging (identification).</p>
<p>A feeling of helplessness in the face of the impersonal machinery of control
is carefully engendered within the prisoner. The individual who receives the
preliminary treatment described above not only begins to feel like an animal
but also feels that nothing can be done about it. No one pays any personal
attention to him. His complaints fall on deaf ears. His loss of
communication, if he has been isolated, creates a feeling that he has been
forgotten. Everything that happens to him occurs according to an impersonal
time schedule that has nothing to do with his needs. The voices and
footsteps of the guards are muted. He notes many contrasts, e.g., his
greasy, unpalatable food may be served on battered tin dishes by guards
immaculately dressed in white.</p>
<p>The first steps in depersonalization of the prisoner have begun. He has no
idea what to expect. Ample opportunity is allotted for him to ruminate upon
all the unpleasant or painful things that could happen to him. He approaches
the main interrogator with mixed feelings of relief and fright.</p>
<p>Surprise is commonly used in the brainwashing process. The prisoner is rarely
prepared for the fact that the interrogators are usually friendly and
considerate at first. They make every effort to demonstrate that they are
reasonable human beings.</p>
<p>Often they apologize for bad treatment received by the prisoner and promise
to improve his lot if he, too, is reasonable. This behaviour is not what he
has steeled himself for. He lets down some of his defences and tries to take
a reasonable attitude. The first occasion he balks at satisfying a request
of the interrogator, however, he is in for another surprise. The formerly
reasonable interrogator unexpectedly turns into a furious maniac. The
interrogator is likely to slap the prisoner or draw his pistol and threaten
to shoot him. Usually this storm of emotion ceases as suddenly as it began
and the interrogator stalks from the room. These surprising changes create
doubt in the prisoner as to his very ability to perceive another person's
motivations correctly. His next interrogation probably will be marked by
impassivity in the interrogator's mien.</p>
<p>A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him is likewise carefully
engendered within the individual. Pleas of the prisoner to learn specifically
of what he is accused and by whom are side-stepped by the interrogator.</p>
<p>Instead, the prisoner is asked to tell why he thinks he is held and what he
feels he is guilty of. If the prisoner fails to come up with anything, he is
accused in terms of broad generalities (e.g, espionage, sabotage, acts of
treason against the people etc.)</p>
<p>This usually provokes the prisoner to make some statement about his
activities. If this take the form of a denial, he is usually sent to
isolation on further decreased food rations to think over his crimes.</p>
<p>This process can be repeated again and again, as soon as the prisoner thinks
of something that might be considered self-incriminating, the interrogator
appears momentarily satisfied. The prisoner is asked to write down his
statement in his own words and sign it. Meanwhile a strong sense of
dependence upon the interrogator is developed. It does not take long for the
prisoner to realize that the interrogator is the source of all punishment,
all gratification, and all communication. The interrogator, meanwhile,
demonstrates his unpredictbility. He is perceived by the prisoner as a
creature of whim.</p>
<p>At times, the interrogator can be pleased very easily and at other times no
effort on the part of the prisoner will placate him. The prisoner may begin
to channel so much energy into trying to predict the behaviour of the
unpredictable interrogator that he loses track of what is happening
inside himself. After the prisoner has developed the above psychological
and emotional reactions to a sufficient degree, the brainwashing begins in
earnest.</p>
<p>First, the prisoner's remaining critical faculties must be destroyed. He
undergoes long, fatiguing interrogations while looking at a bright light.
He is called back again and again for interrogations after minimal sleep.</p>
<p>He may undergo torture that tends to create internal conflict. Drugs may
be used to accentuate his mood swings. He develops depression when the
interrogator is being kind and becomes euphoric when the interrogator is
threatening the direst penalties. Then the cycle is reversed, the
prisoner finds himself in a constant state of anxiety which prevents him
from relaxing even when he is permitted to sleep. Short periods of
isolation now bring on visual and auditory hallucinations.</p>
<p>The prisoner feels himself losing his objectivity. It is in this state that
the prisoner must keep up an endless argument with the interrogator. He
may be faced with the confessions of other individuals who collaborated with
him in his crimes.</p>
<p>The prisoner seriously begins to doubts his own memory. This feeling is
heightened by his inability to recall little things like the names of the
people he knows very well or the date of his birth. The interrogator
patiently sharpens this feeling of doubt by more questioning. This tends to
create a serious state of uncertainty when the individual has lost most of
his critical faculties.</p>
<p>The prisoner must undergo additional internal conflict when strong feelings
of guilt are aroused within him. As any clinical psychologist is aware, it
is not at all difficult to create such feelings. Military servicemen are
particularly vulnerable.</p>
<p>No one can morally justify killing even in wartime. The usual justification
is on the grounds of necessity or self-defence. The interrogator is careful
to circumvent such justification. He keeps the interrogation directed toward
the prisoner's moral code. Every moral vulnerability is exploited by
incessant questioning along this line until the prisoner begins to question
the very fundamentals of his own value-system.</p>
<p>The prisoner must constantly fight a potential breakdown. He finds that
his mind is going blank for longer and longer periods of time. He can
not think constructively. If he is to maintain any semblance of psychological
integrity, he must bring to an end this state of interminable internal
conflict. He signifies a willingness to write a confession.</p>
<p>If this were truly the end, no brainwashing would have occurred. The
individual would simply have given in to intolerable pressure. The final
stage of the brainwashing process has just begun. No matter what the prisoner
writes in his confession the interrogator is not satisfied. The interrogator
questions every sentence of the confession. He begins to edit it with the
prisoner. The prisoner is forced to argue against every change. This is the
essence of brainwashing.</p>
<p>Every time that he gives in on a point to the interrogator, he must rewrite
his whole confession. Still the interrogator is not satisfied, in a desperate
attempt to maintain some semblance of integrity and to avoid further
brainwashing, the prisoner must begin to argue that what he has already
confessed to is true. He begins to accept as his own the statements he has
written. He uses many of the interrogator's earlier arguments to buttress
his position. By this process, identification with the interrogator's
value-system becomes complete.</p>
<p>It is extremely important to recognize that a qualitative change has taken
place within the prisoner. The brainwashed victim does not consciously
change his value-system; rather the change occurs despite his efforts. He is
no more responsible for this change than is an individual who snaps and
becomes psychotic. Like the psychotic, the prisoner is not even aware of the
transition.
</p>
<p>DEFENSIVE MEASURES</p>
<p>1. Training of Individuals potentially subject to communist control.
Training should provide for the trainee a realistic appraisal of what
control pressures the interrogators are likely to exert and what the
usual human reactions are to such pressures. The trainee must learn the
most effective ways of combating his own reactions to such pressures and
he must learn reasonable expectations as to what his behaviour should be.</p>
<p> Training has two decidedly positive effects; first, it provides the
trainee with ways of combating control; second, it provides the basis for
developing an immeasurable boost in morale. Any positive action that the
individual can take, even if it is only slightly effective, gives him a
sense of control over a situation that is otherwise controlling him.</p>
<p>2. Training must provide the individual with the means of recognizing
realistic goals for himself.</p>
<p> A. Delay in yielding may be the only achievement that can be hoped for.
In any particular operation, the agent needs the support of knowing
specifically how long he must hold out to save an operation, protect
his cohorts, or gain some other goal.</p>
<p> B. The individual should be taught how to achieve the most favourable
treatment and how to behave and make necessary concessions to obtain
minimum penalties.</p>
<p> C. Individual behavioural responses to the various control pressures
differ markedly. Therefore, each trainee should know his own particular
assets and limitations in resisting specific pressures. He can learn
these only under laboratory conditions simulating the actual pressures
he may have to face.</p>
<p> D. Training must provide knowledge of the goals and the restrictions
placed upon his interrogator. The trainee should know what controls
are on his interrogator and to what extent he can manipulate the
interrogator.</p>
<p> For example, the interrogator is not permitted to fail to gain
something from the controlled individual. The knowledge that, after
the victim has proved that he is a tough nut to crack he can
sometimes indicate that he might compromise on some little point to
help the interrogator in return for more favourable treatment, may be
useful indeed. Above all, the potential victim of interrogator control
can gain a great deal of psychological support from the knowledge that
the interrogator is not a completely free agent who can do whatever he
wills with his victim.</p>
<p> E. The trainee must learn what practical cues might aid him in recognizing
the specific goals of his interrogator. The strategy of defence against
elicitation may differ markedly from the strategy to prevent
brainwashing. To prevent elicitation, the individual may hasten his
own state of mental confusion; whereas, to prevent brainwashing,
maintaining clarity of thought processes is imperative.</p>
<p> F. The trainee should obtain knowledge about carrots as well as sticks.
They keep certain of their promises and always renege on others, for
example, demonstrable the fact that informers receive no better
treatment than other prisoners should do much to prevent this particular
evil. On the other hand, certain meaningless concessions will often get
a prisoner a good meal.</p>
<p> G. In particular, it should be emphasized to the trainee that, although
little can be done to control the pressures exerted upon him, he can
learn something about controlling his personal reactions to specific
pressures. The trainee can gain much from learning something about
internal conflict and conflict-producing mechanisms. He should learn
to recognize when someone is trying to arouse guilt feelings and what
behavioural reactions can occur as a response to guilt.</p>
<p> H. The training must teach some methods that can be utilized in thwarting
particular control techniques:</p>
<p>ELICITATION</p>
<p>In general, individuals who are the hardest to interrogate for information
are those who have experienced previous interrogations. Practice in being
the victim of interrogation is a sound training device.</p>
<p>TORTURE
The trainee should learn something about the principles of pain and shock.
There is a maximum to the amount of pain that can actually be felt. Any
amount of pain can be tolerated for a limited period of time. In addition,
the trainee can be fortified by the knowledge that there are legal
limitations upon the amount of torture that can be inflicted by jailors.</p>
<p>ISOLATION</p>
<p>The psychological effects of isolation can probably be thwarted best by
mental gymnastics and systematic efforts on the part of the isolate to
obtain stimulation for his neural end
organs. Controls on Food and Tobacco. Food given will always be enough to
maintain survival, sometimes the victim gets unexpected opportunities
to supplement his diet with special minerals, vitamins and other nutrients
(e.g., iron from the rust of prison bars).</p>
<p>In some instances, experience has shown that individuals could exploit
refusal to eat. Such refusal usually resulted in the transfer of the
individual to a hospital where he received vitamin injections and
nutritious food. Evidently attempts of this kind to commit suicide arouse
the greatest concern in officials.</p>
<p>If deprivation of tobacco is the control being exerted. The victim can gain
moral satisfaction from giving up tobacco. He can't lose since he is not
likely to get any anyway.</p>
<p>FATIGUE</p>
<p>The trainee should learn reactions to fatigue and how to overcome them
insofar as possible. For example, mild physical exercise clears the head in
a fatigue state.</p>
<p>WRITING PERSONAL ACCOUNTS AND SELF-CRITICISM</p>
<p>Experience has indicated that one of the most effective ways of combating
these pressures is to enter into the spirit with an overabundance of
enthusiasm.</p>
<p>Endless written accounts of inconsequential material have virtually
smothered some eager interrogators. In the same spirit, sober, detailed
self-criticisms of the most minute sins has sometimes brought good results.</p>
<p>Guidance as to the priority of positions he should defend. Perfectly
compatible responsibilities in the normal execution of an individual's
duties may become mutually incompatible in this situation.</p>
<p>Take the example of a senior grade military officer, he has the knowledge
of sensitive strategic intelligence which it is his duty to protect. He
has the responsibility of maintaining the physical fitness of his men and
serving as a model example for their behaviour. The officer may go to the
camp commandant to protest the treatment of the POW`s and the commandant
assures him that treatment could be improved if he will swap something for
it. Thus to satisfy one responsibility he must compromise another.</p>
<p>The officer, in short, is in a constant state of internal conflict. But if
the officer is given the relative priority of his different responsibilities,
he is supported by the knowledge that he won't be held accountable for any
other behaviour if he does his utmost to carry out his highest priority
responsibility.</p>
<p>There is considerable evidence that many individuals tried to evaluate the
priority of their responsibilities on their own, but were in conflict over
whether others would subsequently accept their evaluations. More than one
individual was probably brainwashed while he was trying to protect himself
against elicitation.</p>
<p>CONCLUSIONS</p>
<p>The application of known psychological principles can lead to an
understanding of brainwashing.</p>
<p>1. There is nothing mysterious about personality changes resulting from the
brainwashing process.</p>
<p>2. Brainwashing is a complex process. Principles of motivation, perception,
learning, and physiological deprivation are needed to account for the
results achieved in brainwashing.</p>
<p>3. Brainwashing is an involuntary re-education of the fundamental beliefs of
the individual. To attack the problem successfully, the brainwashing
process must be differentiated clearly from general education methods for
thought-control or mass indoctrination, and elicitation.</p>
<p>4. It appears possible for the individual, through training, to develop
limited defensive techniques against brainwashing. Such defensive
measures are likely to be most effective if directed toward thwarting
individual emotional reactions to brainwashing techniques rather than to
ward thwarting the techniques themselves.</p>
<p>DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF CONTROL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR</p>
<p>1. There are two major methods of altering or controlling human behaviour
and the Soviets where interested in both.</p>
<p> The first is psychological; the second, pharmacological. The two may be
used as individual methods or for mutual reinforcement.</p>
<p> For long-term control of large numbers of people, the former method is
more promising than the latter. In dealing with individuals, the U.S.
experience suggests the pharmacological approach (plus psychological
techniques) would be the only effective method. Neither method would be
very effective for individuals on a long term basis.</p>
<p>2. Soviet research on the pharmacological agents producing behavioural
effects has consistently lagged about five years behind Western research.</p>
<p> They have been interested in such research and are now pursuing research
on such chemicals as LSD-25, amphetamines, tranquillizers, hypnotics and
similar materials. There is no present evidence that anyone has any
singular, new, potent drugs to force a course of action on an individual.</p>
<p> They are aware of the tremendous drive produced by drug addiction and
perhaps could couple this with psychological direction to achieve
control of an individual.</p>
<p>3. The psychological aspects of behaviour control would include not only
conditioning by repetition and training, but such things as hypnosis,
deprivation, isolation, manipulation of guilt feelings, subtle or covert
threats, social pressure and so on.</p>
<p>Some of the newer trends in the USSR where as follows:</p>
<p>A. The adoption of a multi-disciplinary approach integrating biological,
social and physicalmathematical research in attempts better to
understand, and eventually, to control human behaviour in a manner
consonant with national plans.</p>
<p>B. The outstanding feature, in addition to the inter-disciplinary approach,
is a new concern for mathematical approaches to an understanding of
behaviour.</p>
<p> Particularly notable are attempts to use modern information theory,
automata theory and feedback concepts in interpreting the mechanisms by
which the second signal system, i.e., speech and associated phenomena,
affect human behaviour.</p>
<p> Implied by this second signal system, using information inputs as
causative agents rather than chemical agents, electrodes or other more
exotic techniques applicable, perhaps, to individuals rather than groups.</p>
<p>C. This new trend, observed in the early Soviet post-Stalin period,
continues. By 1960 the word cybernetics was used by the Soviets to
designate this new trend.</p>
<p> This science is considered by some as the key to understanding the human
brain and the product of its functioning - Psychic activity and
personality - To the development of means for controlling it and to ways
for moulding the character of the New Communist Man.</p>
<p> As one Soviet author put it: Cybernetics can be used in moulding of a
child's character, the inculcation of knowledge and techniques, the
amassing of experience, the establishment of social behaviour patterns,
all functions which can be summarized as 'control' of the growth process
of the individual. Students of particular disciplines in the USSR, such
as psychologist and social scientists, also support the general
cybernetic trend.
Research indicates that the Soviets had attempted to develop a technology
for controlling the development of behavioural patterns among the
citizens of the USSR in accordance with politically determined
requirements of the system. Furthermore, the same technology can be
applied to more sophisticated approaches to the coding of information for
transmittal to population targets in the battle for the minds of men.</p>
<p> Some of the more esoteric techniques such as ESP or, as the Soviets call
it, biological radio-communication, and psychogenic agents such as LSD,
are receiving some overt attention with, possibly, applications in mind
for individual behaviour control under clandestine conditions.</p>
<p></xml>

368
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@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
<p>NOTE: This is a report on Government and military techniques, notterrorist!</p>
<p> B R A I N W A S H I N G
By Lorenzo Saint Dubois</p>
<p> B R A I N W A S H I N G
By Lorenzo Saint Dubois</p>
<p>The report that follows is a condensation of a study by training experts of
the important information available on this subject.</p>
<p> BACKGROUND</p>
<p> BACKGROUND</p>
<p>Brainwashing, as a technique, has been used for centuries and is no mystery
to psychologists. In this sense, brainwashing means involuntary re-education
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ probable that everyone reduced to such a confused, disoriented state will
respond to the introduction of new beliefs, this cannot be stated
dogmatically.</p>
<p> HUMAN CONTROL AND REACTION TO CONTROL</p>
<p> HUMAN CONTROL AND REACTION TO CONTROL</p>
<p>There are progressive steps in exercising control over an individual and
changing his behaviour and personality integration.</p>
@ -39,65 +39,65 @@ changing his behaviour and personality integration.</p>
individual:</p>
<p>1. Making the individual aware of control is the first stage in changing his
behaviour. A small child is made aware of the physical and psychological
control of his parents and quickly recognizes that an overwhelming force
must be reckoned with.</p>
behaviour. A small child is made aware of the physical and psychological
control of his parents and quickly recognizes that an overwhelming force
must be reckoned with.</p>
<p> So a controlled adult comes to recognize the overwhelming powers of the
state and the impersonal, incarcerative machinery in which he is enmeshed.
The individual recognizes that definite limits have been put upon the ways
he can respond.</p>
<p> So a controlled adult comes to recognize the overwhelming powers of the
state and the impersonal, incarcerative machinery in which he is enmeshed.
The individual recognizes that definite limits have been put upon the ways
he can respond.</p>
<p>2. Realization of his complete dependence upon the controlling system is a
major factor in the controlling of his behaviour.</p>
major factor in the controlling of his behaviour.</p>
<p> The controlled adult is forced to accept the fact that food, tobacco,
praise and the only social contact that he will get come from the very
interrogator who exercises control over him.</p>
<p> The controlled adult is forced to accept the fact that food, tobacco,
praise and the only social contact that he will get come from the very
interrogator who exercises control over him.</p>
<p>3. The awareness of control and recognition of dependence result in causing
internal conflict and breakdown of previous patterns of behaviour.</p>
internal conflict and breakdown of previous patterns of behaviour.</p>
<p> Although this transition can be relatively mild in the case of a child,
it is almost invariably severe for the adult undergoing brainwashing.
Only an individual who holds his values lightly can change them easily.</p>
<p> Although this transition can be relatively mild in the case of a child,
it is almost invariably severe for the adult undergoing brainwashing.
Only an individual who holds his values lightly can change them easily.</p>
<p> Since the brainwasher/interrogators aim to have the individuals undergo
profound emotional change, they force their victims to seek out painfully
what is desired by the controlling individual. During this period the
victim is likely to have a mental breakdown characterized by delusions
and hallucinations.</p>
<p> Since the brainwasher/interrogators aim to have the individuals undergo
profound emotional change, they force their victims to seek out painfully
what is desired by the controlling individual. During this period the
victim is likely to have a mental breakdown characterized by delusions
and hallucinations.</p>
<p>4. Discovery that there is an acceptable solution to his problem is the
first stage of reducing the individuals conflict.</p>
first stage of reducing the individuals conflict.</p>
<p> It is characteristically reported by victims of brainwashing that this
discovery led to an overwhelming feeling of relief that the horror of
internal conflict would cease and that perhaps they would not be driven
insane.</p>
<p> It is characteristically reported by victims of brainwashing that this
discovery led to an overwhelming feeling of relief that the horror of
internal conflict would cease and that perhaps they would not be driven
insane.</p>
<p> It is at this point that they are prepared to make major changes in their
value system. This is an automatic rather than voluntary choice. They have
lost their ability to be critical.</p>
<p> It is at this point that they are prepared to make major changes in their
value system. This is an automatic rather than voluntary choice. They have
lost their ability to be critical.</p>
<p>5. Reintegration of values and identification with the controlling system is
the final stage in changing the behaviour of the controlled individual.</p>
the final stage in changing the behaviour of the controlled individual.</p>
<p> A child who has learned a new, socially desirable behaviour demonstrates
its importance by attempting to as apt the new behaviour to a variety of
other situations. Similar states in the brainwashed adult are pitiful.</p>
<p> A child who has learned a new, socially desirable behaviour demonstrates
its importance by attempting to as apt the new behaviour to a variety of
other situations. Similar states in the brainwashed adult are pitiful.</p>
<p> His new value-system, his manner of perceiving, organizing, and giving
meaning to events, is virtually independent of his former value system.
He is no longer capable of thinking or speaking in concepts other than
those he has adopted. He tends to identify by expressing thanks to his
captors for helping him see the light.</p>
<p> His new value-system, his manner of perceiving, organizing, and giving
meaning to events, is virtually independent of his former value system.
He is no longer capable of thinking or speaking in concepts other than
those he has adopted. He tends to identify by expressing thanks to his
captors for helping him see the light.</p>
<p> Anyone willing to use known principles of control and reactions to
control and capable of demonstrating the patience needed in raising a
child can probably achieve successful brainwashing.</p>
<p> Anyone willing to use known principles of control and reactions to
control and capable of demonstrating the patience needed in raising a
child can probably achieve successful brainwashing.</p>
<p> CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND THEIR EFFECTS</p>
<p> CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND THEIR EFFECTS</p>
<p>A description of usual communist control techniques follows.</p>
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ conflict, in addition to the conflict over whether or not to give in to the
demands made of him, that tends to make this method of torture more
effective in the breakdown of the individual personality.</p>
<p>
<p>
ISOLATION</p>
<p>Individual differences in reaction to isolation are probably greater than to
@ -265,37 +265,37 @@ processes, hasten the deterioration of prisoners' sense of values and
resistance are:</p>
<p>A. Requiring a case history or autobiography of the prisoner provides a mine
of information for the interrogator in establishing and documenting
accusations.</p>
of information for the interrogator in establishing and documenting
accusations.</p>
<p>B. Friendliness of the interrogator, when least expected, upsets the
prisoner's ability to maintain a critical attitude.</p>
prisoner's ability to maintain a critical attitude.</p>
<p>C. Petty demands, such as severely limiting the allotted time for use of
toilet facilities or requiring the POW to kill hundreds of flies, are
harassment methods.</p>
toilet facilities or requiring the POW to kill hundreds of flies, are
harassment methods.</p>
<p>D. Prisoners are often humiliated by refusing them the use of toilet
facilities during interrogation, until they soil themselves. Often
prisoners were not permitted to bathe for weeks until they felt
contemptible.</p>
facilities during interrogation, until they soil themselves. Often
prisoners were not permitted to bathe for weeks until they felt
contemptible.</p>
<p>E. Conviction as a war criminal appears to be a potent factor in creating
despair in the individual. One official analysis of the pressures exerted
by the ChiComs on confessors and non-confessors to participation in
bacteriological warfare in Korea showed that actual trial and conviction
of war crimes was overwhelmingly associated with breakdown and confession.</p>
despair in the individual. One official analysis of the pressures exerted
by the ChiComs on confessors and non-confessors to participation in
bacteriological warfare in Korea showed that actual trial and conviction
of war crimes was overwhelmingly associated with breakdown and confession.</p>
<p>F. Attempted elicitation of protected information at various times during
the brainwashing process diverted the individual from awareness of the
deterioration of his value-system.</p>
the brainwashing process diverted the individual from awareness of the
deterioration of his value-system.</p>
<p>The fact that, in most cases, the ChiComs did not want or need such
intelligence was not known to the prisoner. His attempts to protect
such information was made at the expense of hastening his own breakdown.</p>
<p> EXERCISE OF CONTROL
A SCHEDULE FOR BRAINWASHING</p>
<p> EXERCISE OF CONTROL
A SCHEDULE FOR BRAINWASHING</p>
<p>From the many fragmentary accounts reviewed, the following appears to be the
most likely description of what occurs during brainwashing. In the period
@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ individual. These may vary in order, but all are necessary to the
brainwashing process:</p>
<p>1. A feeling of helplessness in attempting to deal with the impersonal
machinery of control.
machinery of control.
2. An initial reaction of surprise.
3. A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him.
4. A developing feeling of dependence upon the interrogator.
@ -472,80 +472,80 @@ change his value-system; rather the change occurs despite his efforts. He is
no more responsible for this change than is an individual who snaps and
becomes psychotic. Like the psychotic, the prisoner is not even aware of the
transition.
</p>
</p>
<p>DEFENSIVE MEASURES</p>
<p>1. Training of Individuals potentially subject to communist control.
Training should provide for the trainee a realistic appraisal of what
control pressures the interrogators are likely to exert and what the
usual human reactions are to such pressures. The trainee must learn the
most effective ways of combating his own reactions to such pressures and
he must learn reasonable expectations as to what his behaviour should be.</p>
Training should provide for the trainee a realistic appraisal of what
control pressures the interrogators are likely to exert and what the
usual human reactions are to such pressures. The trainee must learn the
most effective ways of combating his own reactions to such pressures and
he must learn reasonable expectations as to what his behaviour should be.</p>
<p> Training has two decidedly positive effects; first, it provides the
trainee with ways of combating control; second, it provides the basis for
developing an immeasurable boost in morale. Any positive action that the
individual can take, even if it is only slightly effective, gives him a
sense of control over a situation that is otherwise controlling him.</p>
<p> Training has two decidedly positive effects; first, it provides the
trainee with ways of combating control; second, it provides the basis for
developing an immeasurable boost in morale. Any positive action that the
individual can take, even if it is only slightly effective, gives him a
sense of control over a situation that is otherwise controlling him.</p>
<p>2. Training must provide the individual with the means of recognizing
realistic goals for himself.</p>
realistic goals for himself.</p>
<p> A. Delay in yielding may be the only achievement that can be hoped for.
In any particular operation, the agent needs the support of knowing
specifically how long he must hold out to save an operation, protect
his cohorts, or gain some other goal.</p>
<p> A. Delay in yielding may be the only achievement that can be hoped for.
In any particular operation, the agent needs the support of knowing
specifically how long he must hold out to save an operation, protect
his cohorts, or gain some other goal.</p>
<p> B. The individual should be taught how to achieve the most favourable
treatment and how to behave and make necessary concessions to obtain
minimum penalties.</p>
<p> B. The individual should be taught how to achieve the most favourable
treatment and how to behave and make necessary concessions to obtain
minimum penalties.</p>
<p> C. Individual behavioural responses to the various control pressures
differ markedly. Therefore, each trainee should know his own particular
assets and limitations in resisting specific pressures. He can learn
these only under laboratory conditions simulating the actual pressures
he may have to face.</p>
<p> C. Individual behavioural responses to the various control pressures
differ markedly. Therefore, each trainee should know his own particular
assets and limitations in resisting specific pressures. He can learn
these only under laboratory conditions simulating the actual pressures
he may have to face.</p>
<p> D. Training must provide knowledge of the goals and the restrictions
placed upon his interrogator. The trainee should know what controls
are on his interrogator and to what extent he can manipulate the
interrogator.</p>
<p> D. Training must provide knowledge of the goals and the restrictions
placed upon his interrogator. The trainee should know what controls
are on his interrogator and to what extent he can manipulate the
interrogator.</p>
<p> For example, the interrogator is not permitted to fail to gain
something from the controlled individual. The knowledge that, after
the victim has proved that he is a tough nut to crack he can
sometimes indicate that he might compromise on some little point to
help the interrogator in return for more favourable treatment, may be
useful indeed. Above all, the potential victim of interrogator control
can gain a great deal of psychological support from the knowledge that
the interrogator is not a completely free agent who can do whatever he
wills with his victim.</p>
<p> For example, the interrogator is not permitted to fail to gain
something from the controlled individual. The knowledge that, after
the victim has proved that he is a tough nut to crack he can
sometimes indicate that he might compromise on some little point to
help the interrogator in return for more favourable treatment, may be
useful indeed. Above all, the potential victim of interrogator control
can gain a great deal of psychological support from the knowledge that
the interrogator is not a completely free agent who can do whatever he
wills with his victim.</p>
<p> E. The trainee must learn what practical cues might aid him in recognizing
the specific goals of his interrogator. The strategy of defence against
elicitation may differ markedly from the strategy to prevent
brainwashing. To prevent elicitation, the individual may hasten his
own state of mental confusion; whereas, to prevent brainwashing,
maintaining clarity of thought processes is imperative.</p>
<p> E. The trainee must learn what practical cues might aid him in recognizing
the specific goals of his interrogator. The strategy of defence against
elicitation may differ markedly from the strategy to prevent
brainwashing. To prevent elicitation, the individual may hasten his
own state of mental confusion; whereas, to prevent brainwashing,
maintaining clarity of thought processes is imperative.</p>
<p> F. The trainee should obtain knowledge about carrots as well as sticks.
They keep certain of their promises and always renege on others, for
example, demonstrable the fact that informers receive no better
treatment than other prisoners should do much to prevent this particular
evil. On the other hand, certain meaningless concessions will often get
a prisoner a good meal.</p>
They keep certain of their promises and always renege on others, for
example, demonstrable the fact that informers receive no better
treatment than other prisoners should do much to prevent this particular
evil. On the other hand, certain meaningless concessions will often get
a prisoner a good meal.</p>
<p> G. In particular, it should be emphasized to the trainee that, although
little can be done to control the pressures exerted upon him, he can
learn something about controlling his personal reactions to specific
pressures. The trainee can gain much from learning something about
internal conflict and conflict-producing mechanisms. He should learn
to recognize when someone is trying to arouse guilt feelings and what
behavioural reactions can occur as a response to guilt.</p>
little can be done to control the pressures exerted upon him, he can
learn something about controlling his personal reactions to specific
pressures. The trainee can gain much from learning something about
internal conflict and conflict-producing mechanisms. He should learn
to recognize when someone is trying to arouse guilt feelings and what
behavioural reactions can occur as a response to guilt.</p>
<p> H. The training must teach some methods that can be utilized in thwarting
particular control techniques:</p>
particular control techniques:</p>
<p>ELICITATION</p>
@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ are those who have experienced previous interrogations. Practice in being
the victim of interrogation is a sound training device.</p>
<p>TORTURE
The trainee should learn something about the principles of pain and shock.
There is a maximum to the amount of pain that can actually be felt. Any
amount of pain can be tolerated for a limited period of time. In addition,
@ -627,101 +627,101 @@ against elicitation.</p>
understanding of brainwashing.</p>
<p>1. There is nothing mysterious about personality changes resulting from the
brainwashing process.</p>
brainwashing process.</p>
<p>2. Brainwashing is a complex process. Principles of motivation, perception,
learning, and physiological deprivation are needed to account for the
results achieved in brainwashing.</p>
learning, and physiological deprivation are needed to account for the
results achieved in brainwashing.</p>
<p>3. Brainwashing is an involuntary re-education of the fundamental beliefs of
the individual. To attack the problem successfully, the brainwashing
process must be differentiated clearly from general education methods for
thought-control or mass indoctrination, and elicitation.</p>
the individual. To attack the problem successfully, the brainwashing
process must be differentiated clearly from general education methods for
thought-control or mass indoctrination, and elicitation.</p>
<p>4. It appears possible for the individual, through training, to develop
limited defensive techniques against brainwashing. Such defensive
measures are likely to be most effective if directed toward thwarting
individual emotional reactions to brainwashing techniques rather than to
ward thwarting the techniques themselves.</p>
limited defensive techniques against brainwashing. Such defensive
measures are likely to be most effective if directed toward thwarting
individual emotional reactions to brainwashing techniques rather than to
ward thwarting the techniques themselves.</p>
<p>DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF CONTROL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR</p>
<p>1. There are two major methods of altering or controlling human behaviour
and the Soviets where interested in both.</p>
and the Soviets where interested in both.</p>
<p> The first is psychological; the second, pharmacological. The two may be
used as individual methods or for mutual reinforcement.</p>
<p> The first is psychological; the second, pharmacological. The two may be
used as individual methods or for mutual reinforcement.</p>
<p> For long-term control of large numbers of people, the former method is
more promising than the latter. In dealing with individuals, the U.S.
experience suggests the pharmacological approach (plus psychological
techniques) would be the only effective method. Neither method would be
very effective for individuals on a long term basis.</p>
<p> For long-term control of large numbers of people, the former method is
more promising than the latter. In dealing with individuals, the U.S.
experience suggests the pharmacological approach (plus psychological
techniques) would be the only effective method. Neither method would be
very effective for individuals on a long term basis.</p>
<p>2. Soviet research on the pharmacological agents producing behavioural
effects has consistently lagged about five years behind Western research.</p>
effects has consistently lagged about five years behind Western research.</p>
<p> They have been interested in such research and are now pursuing research
on such chemicals as LSD-25, amphetamines, tranquillizers, hypnotics and
similar materials. There is no present evidence that anyone has any
singular, new, potent drugs to force a course of action on an individual.</p>
<p> They have been interested in such research and are now pursuing research
on such chemicals as LSD-25, amphetamines, tranquillizers, hypnotics and
similar materials. There is no present evidence that anyone has any
singular, new, potent drugs to force a course of action on an individual.</p>
<p> They are aware of the tremendous drive produced by drug addiction and
perhaps could couple this with psychological direction to achieve
control of an individual.</p>
<p> They are aware of the tremendous drive produced by drug addiction and
perhaps could couple this with psychological direction to achieve
control of an individual.</p>
<p>3. The psychological aspects of behaviour control would include not only
conditioning by repetition and training, but such things as hypnosis,
deprivation, isolation, manipulation of guilt feelings, subtle or covert
threats, social pressure and so on.</p>
conditioning by repetition and training, but such things as hypnosis,
deprivation, isolation, manipulation of guilt feelings, subtle or covert
threats, social pressure and so on.</p>
<p>Some of the newer trends in the USSR where as follows:</p>
<p>A. The adoption of a multi-disciplinary approach integrating biological,
social and physicalmathematical research in attempts better to
understand, and eventually, to control human behaviour in a manner
consonant with national plans.</p>
social and physicalmathematical research in attempts better to
understand, and eventually, to control human behaviour in a manner
consonant with national plans.</p>
<p>B. The outstanding feature, in addition to the inter-disciplinary approach,
is a new concern for mathematical approaches to an understanding of
behaviour.</p>
is a new concern for mathematical approaches to an understanding of
behaviour.</p>
<p> Particularly notable are attempts to use modern information theory,
automata theory and feedback concepts in interpreting the mechanisms by
which the second signal system, i.e., speech and associated phenomena,
affect human behaviour.</p>
<p> Particularly notable are attempts to use modern information theory,
automata theory and feedback concepts in interpreting the mechanisms by
which the second signal system, i.e., speech and associated phenomena,
affect human behaviour.</p>
<p> Implied by this second signal system, using information inputs as
causative agents rather than chemical agents, electrodes or other more
exotic techniques applicable, perhaps, to individuals rather than groups.</p>
<p> Implied by this second signal system, using information inputs as
causative agents rather than chemical agents, electrodes or other more
exotic techniques applicable, perhaps, to individuals rather than groups.</p>
<p>C. This new trend, observed in the early Soviet post-Stalin period,
continues. By 1960 the word cybernetics was used by the Soviets to
designate this new trend.</p>
continues. By 1960 the word cybernetics was used by the Soviets to
designate this new trend.</p>
<p> This science is considered by some as the key to understanding the human
brain and the product of its functioning - Psychic activity and
personality - To the development of means for controlling it and to ways
for moulding the character of the New Communist Man.</p>
<p> This science is considered by some as the key to understanding the human
brain and the product of its functioning - Psychic activity and
personality - To the development of means for controlling it and to ways
for moulding the character of the New Communist Man.</p>
<p> As one Soviet author put it: Cybernetics can be used in moulding of a
child's character, the inculcation of knowledge and techniques, the
amassing of experience, the establishment of social behaviour patterns,
all functions which can be summarized as 'control' of the growth process
of the individual. Students of particular disciplines in the USSR, such
as psychologist and social scientists, also support the general
cybernetic trend.
Research indicates that the Soviets had attempted to develop a technology
for controlling the development of behavioural patterns among the
citizens of the USSR in accordance with politically determined
requirements of the system. Furthermore, the same technology can be
applied to more sophisticated approaches to the coding of information for
transmittal to population targets in the battle for the minds of men.</p>
<p> As one Soviet author put it: Cybernetics can be used in moulding of a
child's character, the inculcation of knowledge and techniques, the
amassing of experience, the establishment of social behaviour patterns,
all functions which can be summarized as 'control' of the growth process
of the individual. Students of particular disciplines in the USSR, such
as psychologist and social scientists, also support the general
cybernetic trend.
Research indicates that the Soviets had attempted to develop a technology
for controlling the development of behavioural patterns among the
citizens of the USSR in accordance with politically determined
requirements of the system. Furthermore, the same technology can be
applied to more sophisticated approaches to the coding of information for
transmittal to population targets in the battle for the minds of men.</p>
<p> Some of the more esoteric techniques such as ESP or, as the Soviets call
it, biological radio-communication, and psychogenic agents such as LSD,
are receiving some overt attention with, possibly, applications in mind
for individual behaviour control under clandestine conditions.</p>
<p> Some of the more esoteric techniques such as ESP or, as the Soviets call
it, biological radio-communication, and psychogenic agents such as LSD,
are receiving some overt attention with, possibly, applications in mind
for individual behaviour control under clandestine conditions.</p>
<p></p></xml>

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<xml><p> Wrong Number BBS FILE NAME: BUSHBOMB.TXT
[Reproduced with permission from _The Spotlight_, June 22, 1992
The Spotlight
300 Independence Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20003
Free use of this material is permitted provided that _The Spotlight_
is credited, including publisher's address]
BUSH LINKED TO TERROR BOMBING;
WILL U.N. ASK FOR EXTRADITION?:
Shocking Evidence Revealed
The evidence pointing to President Bush's role in the terrorist bombing of
a Cuban airliner grows stronger with new revelations. Will the UN Security
Council demand his extradition to Cuba or the World Court, as Bush and the
UN have done in the case of Libyan suspects in a similar crime?
By Warren Hough
Exclusive to The Spotlight
Washington, DC, 6/12/92 -- Long-suppressed records have turned up
"shattering" new evidence of the role played by President George Bush in
the midair bombing of a Cuban airliner and in its subsequent cover-up,
Latin American officials conducting a "preliminary review" of the tragic
incident have told the UN Security Council.
The secret files reportedly confirm that in mid-1976, while serving as
CIA chief, Bush was in "overall command" of a botched sabotage operation
that ended in the crash of a Cuban passenger jet, killing all 73 aboard,
The SPOTLIGHT has learned from diplomatic sources close to the
investigation.
A CIA agent identified as Luis Posada was arrested by Venezuelan
authorities shortly after the Cuban plane exploded in midair during its
takeoff from a Caribbean stopover, these sources say. Posada, a member of
a sizable CIA contingent conducting covert operations from Venezuelan bases
at the time, was charged with having smuggled an explosive device aboard
the flight, and held for trial.
Bush, anxious to disclaim all responsibility for such an atrocious
terrorist outrage, ordered a "no-holds-barred" cover-up of the crime, the
record suggests.
"In order to take the heat off Posada, the CIA targeted another
suspect, Dr. Orlando Bosch, a militant Cuban exile activist who advocated
`armed action' against the Castro dictatorship," recounted Felipe Rivero,
the popular Miami broadcaster who is The SPOTLIGHT's correspondent in the
region." Venezuela's secret police, known after its Spanish initials as DISIP,
maintained close relations with the CIA and followed its lead. Bosch was
imprisoned and charged with complicity in the bombing in Venezuela.
BUSH ORCHESTRATION
The next move in the cover-up reportedly orchestrated by Bush was to
"recover" Posada, these sources day. In a well-organized and lavishly
financed jailbreak, the alleged aerial bomber was spirited from Venezuela
to Panama, where the CIA issued him a new set of identity documents under
the name of Ramon Medina, a Guatemalan businessman.
In the concluding move of the cover-up, Posada, now known as "Medina,"
was handed over to Felix Rodriguez, a senior CIA field agent with whom Bush
had a personal working relationship, the record shows. Rodriguez gave
Posada a series of covert jobs with CIA teams stationed in Central America,
largely in order to protect him and "keep him happy," these sources
related.
"I, for my part, spent 11 years in various maximum security Venezuelan
prisons," Bosch told a SPOTLIGHT reporter during a recent telephone
interview. "During those years, I was put on trial four times for that
airplane bombing. My case was heard by military, civilian and appellate
courts. I was found innocent each time. But after each acquittal, the CIA
came up with new `suggestions' about my guilt."
PALE AND FRAIL
Finally the Venezuelan government told Washington it could no longer
hold Bosch. Pale and in frail health, the falsely accused "terrorist" was
flown back to Miami. "Here I could hope for no acquittal," recounted
Bosch. "At the airport, immigration officials threw me into chains. I was
held in solitary confinement for 29 months."
Finally granted a provisional release after leading Cuban-American
Republicans pressed his cause without letup, Bosch now lives in seclusion
near Miami. "My status is that of a `deportable' alien," he told The
SPOTLIGHT. "If I engage in any political activity, or even if I talk too
much, I can be tossed back into jail. I am in no position to comment on
controversial questions -- not even in my own cause."
Living under the assumed name and a small CIA paycheck in Central
America also proved difficult for Posada, SPOTLIGHT correspondent Rivero
reports. "A couple of years ago, two men walked up to Posada in a
Guatemalan restaurant and shot him five times," Rivero related. "He
survived the shooting by a sheer miracle. Badly injured -- he lives
largely on liquefied food and walks with a crutch, I hear -- he has
vanished into the `protective custody' of the CIA."
The reason for Posada's attempted assassination is known, however. He
"drank a bit and began to talk too much," U.N. sources said. "The CIA
needed an airtight cover-up of that airline bombing. When Posada turned
talkative, his usefulness to Bush was at an end -- and, but for an iron
physique and that miraculous survival, he would have been, too."
Now the U.N. Security Council, having assumed jurisdiction over such
international terrorist crimes when it clamped harsh sanctions on Libya
last April, faces a tougher challenge: How to deal with a case of aerial
mass murder in which the principal suspect happens to be THE INCUMBENT
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. </xml>

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@ -2,21 +2,21 @@
[Reproduced with permission from _The Spotlight_, June 22, 1992
[Reproduced with permission from _The Spotlight_, June 22, 1992
The Spotlight
300 Independence Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20003
The Spotlight
300 Independence Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20003
Free use of this material is permitted provided that _The Spotlight_
is credited, including publisher's address]
Free use of this material is permitted provided that _The Spotlight_
is credited, including publisher's address]
BUSH LINKED TO TERROR BOMBING;
BUSH LINKED TO TERROR BOMBING;
WILL U.N. ASK FOR EXTRADITION?:
WILL U.N. ASK FOR EXTRADITION?:
Shocking Evidence Revealed
Shocking Evidence Revealed
The evidence pointing to President Bush's role in the terrorist bombing of
@ -25,82 +25,82 @@ Council demand his extradition to Cuba or the World Court, as Bush and the
UN have done in the case of Libyan suspects in a similar crime?
By Warren Hough
Exclusive to The Spotlight
By Warren Hough
Exclusive to The Spotlight
Washington, DC, 6/12/92 -- Long-suppressed records have turned up
"shattering" new evidence of the role played by President George Bush in
the midair bombing of a Cuban airliner and in its subsequent cover-up,
Latin American officials conducting a "preliminary review" of the tragic
incident have told the UN Security Council.
The secret files reportedly confirm that in mid-1976, while serving as
The secret files reportedly confirm that in mid-1976, while serving as
CIA chief, Bush was in "overall command" of a botched sabotage operation
that ended in the crash of a Cuban passenger jet, killing all 73 aboard,
The SPOTLIGHT has learned from diplomatic sources close to the
investigation.
A CIA agent identified as Luis Posada was arrested by Venezuelan
A CIA agent identified as Luis Posada was arrested by Venezuelan
authorities shortly after the Cuban plane exploded in midair during its
takeoff from a Caribbean stopover, these sources say. Posada, a member of
a sizable CIA contingent conducting covert operations from Venezuelan bases
at the time, was charged with having smuggled an explosive device aboard
the flight, and held for trial.
Bush, anxious to disclaim all responsibility for such an atrocious
Bush, anxious to disclaim all responsibility for such an atrocious
terrorist outrage, ordered a "no-holds-barred" cover-up of the crime, the
record suggests.
"In order to take the heat off Posada, the CIA targeted another
"In order to take the heat off Posada, the CIA targeted another
suspect, Dr. Orlando Bosch, a militant Cuban exile activist who advocated
`armed action' against the Castro dictatorship," recounted Felipe Rivero,
the popular Miami broadcaster who is The SPOTLIGHT's correspondent in the
region." Venezuela's secret police, known after its Spanish initials as DISIP,
region." Venezuela's secret police, known after its Spanish initials as DISIP,
maintained close relations with the CIA and followed its lead. Bosch was
imprisoned and charged with complicity in the bombing in Venezuela.
BUSH ORCHESTRATION
BUSH ORCHESTRATION
The next move in the cover-up reportedly orchestrated by Bush was to
The next move in the cover-up reportedly orchestrated by Bush was to
"recover" Posada, these sources day. In a well-organized and lavishly
financed jailbreak, the alleged aerial bomber was spirited from Venezuela
to Panama, where the CIA issued him a new set of identity documents under
the name of Ramon Medina, a Guatemalan businessman.
In the concluding move of the cover-up, Posada, now known as "Medina,"
In the concluding move of the cover-up, Posada, now known as "Medina,"
was handed over to Felix Rodriguez, a senior CIA field agent with whom Bush
had a personal working relationship, the record shows. Rodriguez gave
Posada a series of covert jobs with CIA teams stationed in Central America,
largely in order to protect him and "keep him happy," these sources
related.
"I, for my part, spent 11 years in various maximum security Venezuelan
"I, for my part, spent 11 years in various maximum security Venezuelan
prisons," Bosch told a SPOTLIGHT reporter during a recent telephone
interview. "During those years, I was put on trial four times for that
airplane bombing. My case was heard by military, civilian and appellate
courts. I was found innocent each time. But after each acquittal, the CIA
came up with new `suggestions' about my guilt."
PALE AND FRAIL
PALE AND FRAIL
Finally the Venezuelan government told Washington it could no longer
Finally the Venezuelan government told Washington it could no longer
hold Bosch. Pale and in frail health, the falsely accused "terrorist" was
flown back to Miami. "Here I could hope for no acquittal," recounted
Bosch. "At the airport, immigration officials threw me into chains. I was
held in solitary confinement for 29 months."
Finally granted a provisional release after leading Cuban-American
Finally granted a provisional release after leading Cuban-American
Republicans pressed his cause without letup, Bosch now lives in seclusion
near Miami. "My status is that of a `deportable' alien," he told The
SPOTLIGHT. "If I engage in any political activity, or even if I talk too
much, I can be tossed back into jail. I am in no position to comment on
controversial questions -- not even in my own cause."
Living under the assumed name and a small CIA paycheck in Central
Living under the assumed name and a small CIA paycheck in Central
America also proved difficult for Posada, SPOTLIGHT correspondent Rivero
reports. "A couple of years ago, two men walked up to Posada in a
Guatemalan restaurant and shot him five times," Rivero related. "He
survived the shooting by a sheer miracle. Badly injured -- he lives
largely on liquefied food and walks with a crutch, I hear -- he has
vanished into the `protective custody' of the CIA."
The reason for Posada's attempted assassination is known, however. He
The reason for Posada's attempted assassination is known, however. He
"drank a bit and began to talk too much," U.N. sources said. "The CIA
needed an airtight cover-up of that airline bombing. When Posada turned
talkative, his usefulness to Bush was at an end -- and, but for an iron
physique and that miraculous survival, he would have been, too."
Now the U.N. Security Council, having assumed jurisdiction over such
Now the U.N. Security Council, having assumed jurisdiction over such
international terrorist crimes when it clamped harsh sanctions on Libya
last April, faces a tougher challenge: How to deal with a case of aerial
mass murder in which the principal suspect happens to be THE INCUMBENT

246
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@ -1,246 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>
*** The "Liberation of the Camps": FACTS vs. LIES ***</p>
<p> By Theodore J. O'Keefe
_______________________________________________________________________________</p>
<p> Nothing has been more effective in establishing the authenticity of the Holocaust in the minds of Americans than the terrible scenes U.S. GI's discovered when they entered the German concentration camps at the close of World War II.</p>
<p> At Dachau, Buchenwald, Dora, Mauthausen, and other work and detention camps, horrified American infantrymen encountered heaps of dead and dying inmates, emaciated and diseased. Survivors told them hair-raising stories of torture and slaughter, a
d backed up their claims by showing the GI's crematory ovens, alleged gas chambers, supposed implements of torture, even shrunken heads and lampshades, gloves, and handbags purportedly made from skin flayed from dead inmates.</p>
<p> U.S. government authorities, mindful that most Americans, who remembered the atrocity stories fed them during World War I, still doubted the Allied propaganda directed against the Hitler regime, resolved to "document" what the GI's had found in
he camps. Prominent newsmen and politicians were flown in to see the harrowing evidence, while the U.S. Army Signal Corps filmed and photographed the scenes for posterity. The famous journalist Edward R. Murrow reported, in tones of horror, but no lo
ger of disbelief, what he had been told and shown, and Dachau and Buchenwald were branded on the hearts and minds of the American populace as names of infamy unmatched in the sad and bloody history of this planet.</p>
<p> For Americans, what was "discovered" at the camps - the dead and the diseased, the terrible stories of the inmates, all the props of torture and terror - became the basis not simply of a transitory propaganda campaign but of the conviction that
es, it was true: the Germans DID exterminate six million Jews, most of them in lethal gas chambers. What the GI's found was used, by way of films which were mandatory viewing for the vanquished populace of Germany, to "re-educate" the German people b
destroying their national pride and their will to a united, independant national state, imposing in their place overwhelming feelings of collective guilt and political impotence. And when the testimony, and the verdict, at Nuremberg incorporated mos
, if not all, of the horror stories Americans were told about Dachau, Buchenwald, and other places captured by the U.S. Army, the Holocaust could pass for one of the most documented, one of the most authenticated, one of the most proven historical ep
sodes in the human record.</p>
<p> A Different Reality</p>
<p>* But it is known today that, very soon after the liberation of the *
* camps, American authorities were aware that the real story of the camps *
* was quite different from the one in which they were coaching military *
* public information officers, government spokesmen, politicians, *
* journalists, and other mouthpieces. *</p>
<p> When American and British forces overran western and central Germany in the spring of 1945, they were followed by troops charged with discovering and securing any evidence of German war crimes. Among them was Dr. Charles Larson, one of America's
leading forensic pathologists, who was assigned to the Judge Advocate General's Department. Dr. Larson performed autopsies at Dachau and some twenty other German camps, examining on some days more than 100 corpses. After his grim work at Dachau, he w
s questioned for three days by U.S. Army prosecutors.^1</p>
<p> Dr. Larson's findings? According to an interview he gave to an American journalist in 1980, "What we've heard is that six million Jews were exterminated. Part of that is a hoax."^2 And what part was the hoax? Dr. Larson, who told his biographer
hat to his knowledge he "was the only forensic pathologist on duty in the entire European Theater,"^3 informed "Wichita Eagle" reporter Jan Floerchinger that "never was a case of poison gas uncovered."^4 Neither Dr. Larson nor any other forensic spec
alist has ever been cited by any Holocaust historian to substantiate a single case of death by poison gas, whether Zyklon-B or any other variety.</p>
<p> Typhus, Not Poison Gas</p>
<p> If not by gassing, how did the unfortunate victims at Dachau, Buchenwald, and Bergen-Belsen perish? Were they tortured to death? Deliberately starved? The answers to these questions are known as well. As Dr. Larson and other Allied medical men d
scovered, the chief cause of death at Dachau, Belsen, and the other camps was disease, above all typhus, an old and terrible scourge of mankind which until recently flourished in places where populations were crowded together in circumstances where p
blic health measures were unknown or had broken down. Such was the case in the overcrowded internment camps in Germany at war's end, where, despite such measures as systematic delousing, quarantine of the sick, and cremation of the dead, the virtual
ollapse of Germany's food, transport, and public health systems led to catastrophe.</p>
<p> Perhaps the most authoritative statement of the facts as to typhus and mortality in the camps has been made by Dr. John E. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D., a professor of preventive medicine and epidemiology at the Harvard University School of Public Health
who was with U.S. forces in Germany in 1945. Dr. Gordon reported in 1948 that "The outbreaks in concentration camps and prisons made up the great bulk of typhus infection encountered in Germany." Dr. Gordon summarized the causes for the outbreaks as
follows:</p>
<p> * * *</p>
<p> Germany was in chaos. The destruction of whole cities and the path left by advancing armies produced a disruption of living conditions contributing to the spread of the disease. Sanitation was low grade, public utilities were seriously disrupted
food supply and food distribution was poor, housing was inadequate and order and discipline were everywhere lacking. Still more important, a shifting of populations was occurring such as few countries and few times have experienced.^5</p>
<p> * * *</p>
<p> Dr. Gordon's findings are corroborated by Dr. Russel Barton, today a psychiatrist of international repute, who entered Bergen-Belsen with British forces as a young medical student in 1945. Barton, who volunteered to care for the diseased survivo
s, testified under sworn oath in a Toronto courtroom in 1985 that "Thousands of prisoners who died at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp during World War II weren't deliberately starved to death but died from a rash of diseases."^6 Dr. Barton furth
r testified that on entering the camp he had credited stories of deliberate starvations but had decided such stories were untrue after inspecting the well-equipped kitchens and the meticulously maintained ledgers, dating back to 1942, of food cooked
nd dispensed each day. Despite noisily publicized claims and widespread popular notions to the contrary, no researcher has been able to document a German policy of extermination through starvation in the German camps.</p>
<p> No Lampshades, No Handbags, Etc.</p>
<p> What of the ghoulish stories of concentration camp inmates skinned for their tattoos, flayed to make lampshades and handbags, or other artifacts? What of the innumerable "torture racks," "meathooks," whipping posts, gallows, and other tools of t
rment and death that are reported to have abounded at every German camp? These allegations, and even more grotesque ones profferred by Soviet prosecutors, found their way into the record at Nuremberg.</p>
<p> The lampshade and tattooed-skin charges were made against Ilse Koch, dubbed by journalists the "Bitch of Buchenwald," who was reported to have furnished her house with objects manufactured from the tanned hides of luckless inmates. But General L
cius Clay, military governor of the U.S. zone of occupied Germany, who reviewed her case in 1948, told his superiors in Washington: "There is no convincing evidence that she [Ilse Koch] selected inmates for extermination in order to secure tattooed s
ins or that she possessed any articles made of human skin."^7 In an interview General Clay gave years later, he stated about the material for the infamous lampshades: "Well, it turned out actually that it was goat flesh. But at the trial it was still
human flesh. It was almost impossible for her to have gotten a fair trial."^8 Ilse Koch hanged herself in a West German jail in 1967.</p>
<p> It would be tedius to itemize and refute the thousands of bizarre claims as to Nazi atrocities. That there were instances of German cruelty, however, is clear from the testimony of Dr. Konrad Morgen, a legal investigator attached to the Reich Cr
minal Police, whose statements on the witness stand at Nuremberg have never been challenged by believers in the Jewish Holocaust. Dr. Morgen informed the court that he had been given full authority by Heinrich Himmler, commander of Hitler's SS and th
dread Gestapo, to enter any German concentration camp and investigate instances of cruelty and corruption on the part of the camp staffs. According to Dr. Morgen's sworn testimony at Nuremberg, he investigated 800 such cases, in which over 200 convi
tions resulted.^9 Punishments included the death penalty for the worst offenders, including Hermann Karl Koch, Ilse's husband, commandant of Buchenwald.</p>
<p> In reality, while camp commandants in certain cases did inflict physical punishment, such acts had to be approved by authorities in Berlin, and it was required that a camp physician first certify the good health of the prisoner to be disciplined
and then be on hand at the actual beating.^10 After all, the camps were throughout most of the war important centers of industrial activity. The good health and morale of the prisoners was critical to the German war effort, as is evidenced by a 1942
order issued by SS-Brigadefuhrer Richard Glucks, chief of the office which controlled the concentration camps, which held camp commanders "personally responsible for exhausting every possibility to preserve the physical strength of the detainees."^11</p>
<p> Concentration Camp Survivors - Merely Victims?</p>
<p> U.S. Army investigators, working at Buchenwald and other camps, quickly ascertained what was common knowledge among veteran inmates: that the worst offenders, the cruelest denizens of the camps were not the guards but the prisoners themselves. C
mmon criminals of the same stripe as those who populate U.S. prisons today committed many villainies, particularly when they held positions of authority, and fanatical Communists, highly organized to combat their many political enemies among the inma
es, eliminated their foes with Stalinist ruthlessness.</p>
<p> Two U.S. Army investigators at Buchenwald, Egon W. Fleck and Edward A. Tenenbaum, carefully investigated circumstances in the camp before its liberation. In a detailed report submitted to their superiors, they revealed, in the words of Alfred To
mbs, their commander, who wrote a preface to the report, "how the prisoners themselves organized a deadly terror within the Nazi terror."^12</p>
<p> Fleck and Tenenbaum described the power exercised by criminals and Communists as follows:
* * *</p>
<p>. . . The trusties, who in time became almost exclusively Communist Germans, had the power of life and death over all other inmates. They could sentence a man or a group to almost certain death . . . The Communist trusties were directly responsible f
r a large part of the brutalities at Buchenwald.</p>
<p> * * *</p>
<p> Colonel Donald B. Robinson, chief historian of the American military government in Germany, summarized the Fleck-Tenenbaum report in an article which appeared in "The American Mercury" shortly after the war. Colonel Robinson wrote succinctly of
he American investigators' findings: "It appeared that the prisoners who agreed with the Communists ate; those who didn't starved to death."^13</p>
<p> Additional corroboration of inmate brutality has been provided by Ellis E. Spackman, who, as Chief of Counter-Intelligence Arrests and Detentions for the Seventh U.S. Army, was involved in the liberation of Dachau. Spackman, later a professor of
history at San Bernardino Valley College in California, wrote in 1966 that at Dachau "the prisoners were the actual instruments that inflicted the barbarities on their fellow prisoners."^14</p>
<p> "Gas Chambers"</p>
<p> On December 9, 1944 Col. Paul Kirk and Lt. Col. Edward J. Gully inspected the German concentration camp at Natzweiler in Alsace. They reported their findings to their superiors at the headquarters of the U.S. 6th Army Group, which subsequently f
rwarded Kirk and Gully's report to the War Crimes Division. While, significantly, the full text of their report has never been published, it has been revealed, by an author supportive of Holocaust claims, that the two investigators were careful to ch
racterize equipment exhibited to them by French informants as a "SO-CALLED lethal gas chamber," and claim it was "ALLEGEDLY used as a lethal gas chamber"^15 [emphasis added].</p>
<p> Both the careful phraseology of the Natzweiler report, and its effective suppression, stand in stark contrast to the credulity, the confusion, and the blaring publicity which accompanied official reports of alleged gas chambers at Dachau. At fir
t, a U.S. Army photo depicting a GI gazing mournfully at a steel door marked with a skull and crossbones and the German words for: "Caution! Gas! Mortal danger! Don't open!" was identified as showing the murder weapon. Later, however, it was evidentl
decided that the apparatus in question was merely a standard delousing chamber for clothing, and another alleged gas chamber, this one cunningly disguised as a shower room, was exhibited to American congressmen and journalists as the site where thou
ands breathed their last. While there exist numerous reports in the press as to the operation of this second "gas chamber," no official report by trained Army investigators has yet surfaced to reconcile such problems as the function of the shower hea
s: Were they "dummies," or did lethal cyanide gas stream through them? (Each theory has appreciable support in journalistic and historiographical literature.)</p>
<p> As with Dachau, so with Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, and the other camps captured by the Allies. There was no end of propaganda about "gas chambers," "gas ovens," and the like, but so far not a single detailed description of the murder weapon and
ts function, not a single report of the kind that is mandatory for the successful prosecution of any assault or murder case in America at the time and today, has come to light.</p>
<p> Furthermore, a number of Holocaust authorities have now publicly decreed that there were no gassings, no extermination camps in Germany after all! All these things, we are told, were located in what is now Poland, in areas captured by the Soviet
Red Army and off-limits to Western investigators. In 1960 Dr. Martin Broszat, who is now director of the Munich-based Institute for Contemporary History, which is funded by the West German government to SUPPORT the Holocaust story, wrote a letter to
he German weekly "Die Zeit" in which he stated categorically: "Neither in Dachau nor in Bergen-Belsen nor in Buchenwald were Jews or other prisoners gassed."^16 Professional Nazi-hunter Simon Wiesenthal wrote in 1975 that "there were no extermination
camps on German soil."^17 And Dachau "gas chamber" No. 2, which was once presented to a stunned and grieving world as a weapon which claimed hundreds of thousands of lives, is now described in the brochure issued to tourists at the modern Dachau "mem
rial site" in these words: "This gas chamber, camouflaged as a shower room, was not used."^18</p>
<p> The Propaganda Intensifies</p>
<p> More than forty years after American troops entered Dachau, Buchenwald, and the other German camps, and trained American investigators established the facts as to what had gone on in them, the government in Washington, the entertainment media in
Hollywood, and the print media in New York continue to churn out millions of words and images annually on the horrors of the camps and the infamy of the Holocaust. Despite the fact that, with the exception of the defeated Confederacy, no enemy of Ame
ica has ever so suffered so complete and devestating defeat as did Germany in 1945, the mass media and the politicians and bureaucrats behave as if Hitler, his troops, and his concentration camps continue to exist in an eternal present, and our opini
n makers continue to distort, through ignorance or malice, the facts about the camps.</p>
<p> Time for the Truth</p>
<p> It is time that the government and the professional historians revealed the facts about Dachau, Buchenwald, and the other camps. It is time that they let the American public know how the inmates died, and how they didn't die. It is time that the
claims as to mass murder by gassing were clarified and investigated in the same manner as any other claims of murder are dealt with. It is time that the free ride certain groups have enjoyed as the result of unchallenged Holocaust claims be terminate
, just as it is time that other groups, including Germans, eastern Europeans, the Roman Catholic hierarchy, and the wartime leadership of America and Britain stop being scapegoated, either for their alleged role in the Holocaust or their supposed fai
ure to stop it.</p>
<p> Above all, it is time that the citizens of this great democratic Republic have the facts about the camps, facts which they possess a right to know, a right that is fundamental to the exercise of their authority and their will in the governance o
their country. As citizens and as taxpayers, Americans of all ethnic backgrounds, of all faiths, have a basic right and an overriding interest in determining the facts of incidents which are deemed by those in positions of power to be determinative
n America's foreign policy, in its educational policy, in its selection of past events to be memorialized in our civic life. The alleged facts of the Holocaust are today at issue all over the civilized world: in Germany, in France, in Italy, in Brita
n, in the Low Countries and Scandinavia, in Japan, across our border in Canada and in the United States of America itself. The truth will be decided only by recourse to the facts, in the public forum: not by concealing the facts, denying the truth, s
onewalling reality. The truth will out, and it is time the government of this country, and governments and international bodies throughout the world, made public and patent the evidence of what actually transpired in the German concentration camps in
the years 1933-1945, so that we may put paid to the lies, without fear or favor, and carry out the work of reconciliation and renewal that is and must be the granite foundation of mutual tolerance between peoples and of a peace based on justice, rath
r than on guns, barbed wire, prisons, and lies.</p>
<p> NOTES</p>
<p> 1. _Crime Doctor_, a biography of Larson by John D. McCallum, Mercer,
Washington &amp; Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1979, p. 69.</p>
<p> 2. _Wichita Eagle_, April 1, 1980, p. 4C.</p>
<p> 3. _Crime Doctor_, p. 46.</p>
<p> 4. _Wichita Eagle_, April 1, 1980, p. 4C.</p>
<p> 5. John E. Gordon, "Louse-Borne Typhus Fever in the European Theater of
Operations, U.S. Army, 1945," in Forest Ray Moulton, Ed., _Rickettsial
Diseases of Man_, Am. Acad. for the Advancement of Science, Washington D.C.
1948.</p>
<p> 6. _Toronto Star_, February 8, 1985, p. A2.</p>
<p> 7. _New York Times_, 24 September 1948, p. 3.</p>
<p> 8. Interview with Lucius Clay, _Official Proceeding of the George C. Marshall
Research Foundation,_ cited in "Buchenwald: Legend and Reality," Mark
Weber, _The Journal of Historical Review_, Vol. 7, no. 4.</p>
<p> 9. International Military Tribunal, Vol. XVII, p. 556; IMT, Vol. XX, pp. 489,
438.</p>
<p>10. Cited in _The Theory and Practice of Hell_, Eugen Kogon, Berkley Books, New
York, pp. 108-109.</p>
<p>11. Nuremberg document NO-1523.</p>
<p>12. _Buchenwald: A Preliminary Report_, Egon W. Fleck and Edward A. Tenenbaum,
U.S. Army, 12th Army Group, 24 April 1945. National Archives, Record Group
331, SHAEF, G-5, 17.11, Jacket 10, Box 151 (8929/163-8929/180).</p>
<p>13. "Communist Atrocities at Buchenwald," Donald B. Robinson, in _American
Mercury_, October 1946.</p>
<p>14. _San Bernardino Sun-Telegram_, March 13, 1966 (cited in _The Man Who
Invented "Genocide"_, James J. Martin, Institute for Historical Review,
IHR, 1984, pp. 110-111.</p>
<p>15. _Concentration Camp at Natzwiller [sic]_, RG 331, Records of Allied
Operations and Occupation, Army Headquarters WW2, SHAEF/G-5/2717, Modern
Military, National Archives, Washington, D.C., cited in Robert H. Abzug,
_Inside the Vicious Heart_, Oxford University Press, New York, 1985, p. 10,
p. 181.</p>
<p>16. _Die Zeit_, Hamburg, Germany, August 26, 1960.</p>
<p>17. _Books &amp; Bookmen_, April 1975, Vol. 7, p. 5.</p>
<p>18. Leaflet, _Memorial Site Concentration Camp Dachau_, The International
Dachau-Committee, Dachau, Germany, n.d.
_______________________________________________________________________________</p>
<p> Theodore J. O'Keefe is the editor of "The Journal of Historical Review." Educated at Harvard, he has studied history and literature on three continents, and has published many articles on historical and political subjects.
_____________________________________________________________________________
| |
| The conclusions of the early U.S. Army investigations as to the |
| truth about the wartime German concentration camps have since been |
| corroborated by all subsequent investigators and can be summarized: |
| |
| 1. The harrowing scenes of dead and dying inmates were not the result of |
| a German policy of "extermination," but rather the result of epidemics of |
| typhus and other disease brought about largely by the effects of Allied |
| aerial attacks. |
| |
| 2. Stories of Nazi supercriminals and sadists who turned Jews and others |
| into handbags and lampshades for their private profit or amusement were |
| sick lies or diseased fantasies; indeed, the German authorities |
| consistently punished corruption AND cruelty on the part of camp |
| commanders and guards. |
| |
| 3. On the other hand, the representations of the newly liberated inmates |
| to have been saints and martyrs of Hitlerism were quite often very far |
| from the truth; indeed, most of the brutalities inflicted on camp |
| detainees were the work of their fellow prisoners, in contravention of |
| German policy and German orders. |
| |
| 4. The alleged homicidal showers and gas chambers had been used either |
| for bathing camp inmates or delousing their clothes; the claim that they |
| had been used to murder Jews or other human beings is a contemptible |
| fabrication. Orthodox, Establishment historians and professional "Nazi- |
| hunters" have quietly dropped claims that inmates were gassed at Dachau, |
| Buchenwald, and other camps in Germany. They continue, however, to keep |
| silent regarding the lies about Dachau and Buchenwald, as well as to |
| evade an open discussion of the evidence for homicidal gassing at |
| Auschwitz and the other camps captured by the Soviets. |
|_____________________________________________________________________________|</p>
<p> Send $2 for a packet of literature and a full listing of books, audio cassettes and videotapes. Or, order more copies of this leaflet, postpaid, at the following prices:
10 copies: $2
50 copies: $5
100 copies or more: 8 cents each
THE INSTITUTE FOR HISTORICAL REVIEW
1822 1/2 Newport Blvd., Suite 191
Costa Mesa, California 92627
</xml>

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<xml><p>
*** The "Liberation of the Camps": FACTS vs. LIES ***</p>
*** The "Liberation of the Camps": FACTS vs. LIES ***</p>
<p> By Theodore J. O'Keefe
<p> By Theodore J. O'Keefe
_______________________________________________________________________________</p>
<p> Nothing has been more effective in establishing the authenticity of the Holocaust in the minds of Americans than the terrible scenes U.S. GI's discovered when they entered the German concentration camps at the close of World War II.</p>
<p> Nothing has been more effective in establishing the authenticity of the Holocaust in the minds of Americans than the terrible scenes U.S. GI's discovered when they entered the German concentration camps at the close of World War II.</p>
<p> At Dachau, Buchenwald, Dora, Mauthausen, and other work and detention camps, horrified American infantrymen encountered heaps of dead and dying inmates, emaciated and diseased. Survivors told them hair-raising stories of torture and slaughter, a
<p> At Dachau, Buchenwald, Dora, Mauthausen, and other work and detention camps, horrified American infantrymen encountered heaps of dead and dying inmates, emaciated and diseased. Survivors told them hair-raising stories of torture and slaughter, a
d backed up their claims by showing the GI's crematory ovens, alleged gas chambers, supposed implements of torture, even shrunken heads and lampshades, gloves, and handbags purportedly made from skin flayed from dead inmates.</p>
<p> U.S. government authorities, mindful that most Americans, who remembered the atrocity stories fed them during World War I, still doubted the Allied propaganda directed against the Hitler regime, resolved to "document" what the GI's had found in
<p> U.S. government authorities, mindful that most Americans, who remembered the atrocity stories fed them during World War I, still doubted the Allied propaganda directed against the Hitler regime, resolved to "document" what the GI's had found in
he camps. Prominent newsmen and politicians were flown in to see the harrowing evidence, while the U.S. Army Signal Corps filmed and photographed the scenes for posterity. The famous journalist Edward R. Murrow reported, in tones of horror, but no lo
ger of disbelief, what he had been told and shown, and Dachau and Buchenwald were branded on the hearts and minds of the American populace as names of infamy unmatched in the sad and bloody history of this planet.</p>
<p> For Americans, what was "discovered" at the camps - the dead and the diseased, the terrible stories of the inmates, all the props of torture and terror - became the basis not simply of a transitory propaganda campaign but of the conviction that
<p> For Americans, what was "discovered" at the camps - the dead and the diseased, the terrible stories of the inmates, all the props of torture and terror - became the basis not simply of a transitory propaganda campaign but of the conviction that
es, it was true: the Germans DID exterminate six million Jews, most of them in lethal gas chambers. What the GI's found was used, by way of films which were mandatory viewing for the vanquished populace of Germany, to "re-educate" the German people b
destroying their national pride and their will to a united, independant national state, imposing in their place overwhelming feelings of collective guilt and political impotence. And when the testimony, and the verdict, at Nuremberg incorporated mos
, if not all, of the horror stories Americans were told about Dachau, Buchenwald, and other places captured by the U.S. Army, the Holocaust could pass for one of the most documented, one of the most authenticated, one of the most proven historical ep
sodes in the human record.</p>
<p> A Different Reality</p>
<p> A Different Reality</p>
<p>* But it is known today that, very soon after the liberation of the *
* camps, American authorities were aware that the real story of the camps *
* was quite different from the one in which they were coaching military *
* public information officers, government spokesmen, politicians, *
* journalists, and other mouthpieces. *</p>
<p>* But it is known today that, very soon after the liberation of the *
* camps, American authorities were aware that the real story of the camps *
* was quite different from the one in which they were coaching military *
* public information officers, government spokesmen, politicians, *
* journalists, and other mouthpieces. *</p>
<p> When American and British forces overran western and central Germany in the spring of 1945, they were followed by troops charged with discovering and securing any evidence of German war crimes. Among them was Dr. Charles Larson, one of America's
<p> When American and British forces overran western and central Germany in the spring of 1945, they were followed by troops charged with discovering and securing any evidence of German war crimes. Among them was Dr. Charles Larson, one of America's
leading forensic pathologists, who was assigned to the Judge Advocate General's Department. Dr. Larson performed autopsies at Dachau and some twenty other German camps, examining on some days more than 100 corpses. After his grim work at Dachau, he w
s questioned for three days by U.S. Army prosecutors.^1</p>
<p> Dr. Larson's findings? According to an interview he gave to an American journalist in 1980, "What we've heard is that six million Jews were exterminated. Part of that is a hoax."^2 And what part was the hoax? Dr. Larson, who told his biographer
<p> Dr. Larson's findings? According to an interview he gave to an American journalist in 1980, "What we've heard is that six million Jews were exterminated. Part of that is a hoax."^2 And what part was the hoax? Dr. Larson, who told his biographer
hat to his knowledge he "was the only forensic pathologist on duty in the entire European Theater,"^3 informed "Wichita Eagle" reporter Jan Floerchinger that "never was a case of poison gas uncovered."^4 Neither Dr. Larson nor any other forensic spec
alist has ever been cited by any Holocaust historian to substantiate a single case of death by poison gas, whether Zyklon-B or any other variety.</p>
<p> Typhus, Not Poison Gas</p>
<p> Typhus, Not Poison Gas</p>
<p> If not by gassing, how did the unfortunate victims at Dachau, Buchenwald, and Bergen-Belsen perish? Were they tortured to death? Deliberately starved? The answers to these questions are known as well. As Dr. Larson and other Allied medical men d
<p> If not by gassing, how did the unfortunate victims at Dachau, Buchenwald, and Bergen-Belsen perish? Were they tortured to death? Deliberately starved? The answers to these questions are known as well. As Dr. Larson and other Allied medical men d
scovered, the chief cause of death at Dachau, Belsen, and the other camps was disease, above all typhus, an old and terrible scourge of mankind which until recently flourished in places where populations were crowded together in circumstances where p
blic health measures were unknown or had broken down. Such was the case in the overcrowded internment camps in Germany at war's end, where, despite such measures as systematic delousing, quarantine of the sick, and cremation of the dead, the virtual
ollapse of Germany's food, transport, and public health systems led to catastrophe.</p>
<p> Perhaps the most authoritative statement of the facts as to typhus and mortality in the camps has been made by Dr. John E. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D., a professor of preventive medicine and epidemiology at the Harvard University School of Public Health
<p> Perhaps the most authoritative statement of the facts as to typhus and mortality in the camps has been made by Dr. John E. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D., a professor of preventive medicine and epidemiology at the Harvard University School of Public Health
who was with U.S. forces in Germany in 1945. Dr. Gordon reported in 1948 that "The outbreaks in concentration camps and prisons made up the great bulk of typhus infection encountered in Germany." Dr. Gordon summarized the causes for the outbreaks as
follows:</p>
<p> * * *</p>
<p> * * *</p>
<p> Germany was in chaos. The destruction of whole cities and the path left by advancing armies produced a disruption of living conditions contributing to the spread of the disease. Sanitation was low grade, public utilities were seriously disrupted
<p> Germany was in chaos. The destruction of whole cities and the path left by advancing armies produced a disruption of living conditions contributing to the spread of the disease. Sanitation was low grade, public utilities were seriously disrupted
food supply and food distribution was poor, housing was inadequate and order and discipline were everywhere lacking. Still more important, a shifting of populations was occurring such as few countries and few times have experienced.^5</p>
<p> * * *</p>
<p> * * *</p>
<p> Dr. Gordon's findings are corroborated by Dr. Russel Barton, today a psychiatrist of international repute, who entered Bergen-Belsen with British forces as a young medical student in 1945. Barton, who volunteered to care for the diseased survivo
<p> Dr. Gordon's findings are corroborated by Dr. Russel Barton, today a psychiatrist of international repute, who entered Bergen-Belsen with British forces as a young medical student in 1945. Barton, who volunteered to care for the diseased survivo
s, testified under sworn oath in a Toronto courtroom in 1985 that "Thousands of prisoners who died at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp during World War II weren't deliberately starved to death but died from a rash of diseases."^6 Dr. Barton furth
r testified that on entering the camp he had credited stories of deliberate starvations but had decided such stories were untrue after inspecting the well-equipped kitchens and the meticulously maintained ledgers, dating back to 1942, of food cooked
nd dispensed each day. Despite noisily publicized claims and widespread popular notions to the contrary, no researcher has been able to document a German policy of extermination through starvation in the German camps.</p>
<p> No Lampshades, No Handbags, Etc.</p>
<p> No Lampshades, No Handbags, Etc.</p>
<p> What of the ghoulish stories of concentration camp inmates skinned for their tattoos, flayed to make lampshades and handbags, or other artifacts? What of the innumerable "torture racks," "meathooks," whipping posts, gallows, and other tools of t
<p> What of the ghoulish stories of concentration camp inmates skinned for their tattoos, flayed to make lampshades and handbags, or other artifacts? What of the innumerable "torture racks," "meathooks," whipping posts, gallows, and other tools of t
rment and death that are reported to have abounded at every German camp? These allegations, and even more grotesque ones profferred by Soviet prosecutors, found their way into the record at Nuremberg.</p>
<p> The lampshade and tattooed-skin charges were made against Ilse Koch, dubbed by journalists the "Bitch of Buchenwald," who was reported to have furnished her house with objects manufactured from the tanned hides of luckless inmates. But General L
<p> The lampshade and tattooed-skin charges were made against Ilse Koch, dubbed by journalists the "Bitch of Buchenwald," who was reported to have furnished her house with objects manufactured from the tanned hides of luckless inmates. But General L
cius Clay, military governor of the U.S. zone of occupied Germany, who reviewed her case in 1948, told his superiors in Washington: "There is no convincing evidence that she [Ilse Koch] selected inmates for extermination in order to secure tattooed s
ins or that she possessed any articles made of human skin."^7 In an interview General Clay gave years later, he stated about the material for the infamous lampshades: "Well, it turned out actually that it was goat flesh. But at the trial it was still
human flesh. It was almost impossible for her to have gotten a fair trial."^8 Ilse Koch hanged herself in a West German jail in 1967.</p>
<p> It would be tedius to itemize and refute the thousands of bizarre claims as to Nazi atrocities. That there were instances of German cruelty, however, is clear from the testimony of Dr. Konrad Morgen, a legal investigator attached to the Reich Cr
<p> It would be tedius to itemize and refute the thousands of bizarre claims as to Nazi atrocities. That there were instances of German cruelty, however, is clear from the testimony of Dr. Konrad Morgen, a legal investigator attached to the Reich Cr
minal Police, whose statements on the witness stand at Nuremberg have never been challenged by believers in the Jewish Holocaust. Dr. Morgen informed the court that he had been given full authority by Heinrich Himmler, commander of Hitler's SS and th
dread Gestapo, to enter any German concentration camp and investigate instances of cruelty and corruption on the part of the camp staffs. According to Dr. Morgen's sworn testimony at Nuremberg, he investigated 800 such cases, in which over 200 convi
tions resulted.^9 Punishments included the death penalty for the worst offenders, including Hermann Karl Koch, Ilse's husband, commandant of Buchenwald.</p>
<p> In reality, while camp commandants in certain cases did inflict physical punishment, such acts had to be approved by authorities in Berlin, and it was required that a camp physician first certify the good health of the prisoner to be disciplined
<p> In reality, while camp commandants in certain cases did inflict physical punishment, such acts had to be approved by authorities in Berlin, and it was required that a camp physician first certify the good health of the prisoner to be disciplined
and then be on hand at the actual beating.^10 After all, the camps were throughout most of the war important centers of industrial activity. The good health and morale of the prisoners was critical to the German war effort, as is evidenced by a 1942
order issued by SS-Brigadefuhrer Richard Glucks, chief of the office which controlled the concentration camps, which held camp commanders "personally responsible for exhausting every possibility to preserve the physical strength of the detainees."^11</p>
<p> Concentration Camp Survivors - Merely Victims?</p>
<p> Concentration Camp Survivors - Merely Victims?</p>
<p> U.S. Army investigators, working at Buchenwald and other camps, quickly ascertained what was common knowledge among veteran inmates: that the worst offenders, the cruelest denizens of the camps were not the guards but the prisoners themselves. C
<p> U.S. Army investigators, working at Buchenwald and other camps, quickly ascertained what was common knowledge among veteran inmates: that the worst offenders, the cruelest denizens of the camps were not the guards but the prisoners themselves. C
mmon criminals of the same stripe as those who populate U.S. prisons today committed many villainies, particularly when they held positions of authority, and fanatical Communists, highly organized to combat their many political enemies among the inma
es, eliminated their foes with Stalinist ruthlessness.</p>
<p> Two U.S. Army investigators at Buchenwald, Egon W. Fleck and Edward A. Tenenbaum, carefully investigated circumstances in the camp before its liberation. In a detailed report submitted to their superiors, they revealed, in the words of Alfred To
<p> Two U.S. Army investigators at Buchenwald, Egon W. Fleck and Edward A. Tenenbaum, carefully investigated circumstances in the camp before its liberation. In a detailed report submitted to their superiors, they revealed, in the words of Alfred To
mbs, their commander, who wrote a preface to the report, "how the prisoners themselves organized a deadly terror within the Nazi terror."^12</p>
<p> Fleck and Tenenbaum described the power exercised by criminals and Communists as follows:
* * *</p>
<p> Fleck and Tenenbaum described the power exercised by criminals and Communists as follows:
* * *</p>
<p>. . . The trusties, who in time became almost exclusively Communist Germans, had the power of life and death over all other inmates. They could sentence a man or a group to almost certain death . . . The Communist trusties were directly responsible f
r a large part of the brutalities at Buchenwald.</p>
<p> * * *</p>
<p> * * *</p>
<p> Colonel Donald B. Robinson, chief historian of the American military government in Germany, summarized the Fleck-Tenenbaum report in an article which appeared in "The American Mercury" shortly after the war. Colonel Robinson wrote succinctly of
<p> Colonel Donald B. Robinson, chief historian of the American military government in Germany, summarized the Fleck-Tenenbaum report in an article which appeared in "The American Mercury" shortly after the war. Colonel Robinson wrote succinctly of
he American investigators' findings: "It appeared that the prisoners who agreed with the Communists ate; those who didn't starved to death."^13</p>
<p> Additional corroboration of inmate brutality has been provided by Ellis E. Spackman, who, as Chief of Counter-Intelligence Arrests and Detentions for the Seventh U.S. Army, was involved in the liberation of Dachau. Spackman, later a professor of
<p> Additional corroboration of inmate brutality has been provided by Ellis E. Spackman, who, as Chief of Counter-Intelligence Arrests and Detentions for the Seventh U.S. Army, was involved in the liberation of Dachau. Spackman, later a professor of
history at San Bernardino Valley College in California, wrote in 1966 that at Dachau "the prisoners were the actual instruments that inflicted the barbarities on their fellow prisoners."^14</p>
<p> "Gas Chambers"</p>
<p> "Gas Chambers"</p>
<p> On December 9, 1944 Col. Paul Kirk and Lt. Col. Edward J. Gully inspected the German concentration camp at Natzweiler in Alsace. They reported their findings to their superiors at the headquarters of the U.S. 6th Army Group, which subsequently f
<p> On December 9, 1944 Col. Paul Kirk and Lt. Col. Edward J. Gully inspected the German concentration camp at Natzweiler in Alsace. They reported their findings to their superiors at the headquarters of the U.S. 6th Army Group, which subsequently f
rwarded Kirk and Gully's report to the War Crimes Division. While, significantly, the full text of their report has never been published, it has been revealed, by an author supportive of Holocaust claims, that the two investigators were careful to ch
racterize equipment exhibited to them by French informants as a "SO-CALLED lethal gas chamber," and claim it was "ALLEGEDLY used as a lethal gas chamber"^15 [emphasis added].</p>
<p> Both the careful phraseology of the Natzweiler report, and its effective suppression, stand in stark contrast to the credulity, the confusion, and the blaring publicity which accompanied official reports of alleged gas chambers at Dachau. At fir
<p> Both the careful phraseology of the Natzweiler report, and its effective suppression, stand in stark contrast to the credulity, the confusion, and the blaring publicity which accompanied official reports of alleged gas chambers at Dachau. At fir
t, a U.S. Army photo depicting a GI gazing mournfully at a steel door marked with a skull and crossbones and the German words for: "Caution! Gas! Mortal danger! Don't open!" was identified as showing the murder weapon. Later, however, it was evidentl
decided that the apparatus in question was merely a standard delousing chamber for clothing, and another alleged gas chamber, this one cunningly disguised as a shower room, was exhibited to American congressmen and journalists as the site where thou
ands breathed their last. While there exist numerous reports in the press as to the operation of this second "gas chamber," no official report by trained Army investigators has yet surfaced to reconcile such problems as the function of the shower hea
s: Were they "dummies," or did lethal cyanide gas stream through them? (Each theory has appreciable support in journalistic and historiographical literature.)</p>
<p> As with Dachau, so with Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, and the other camps captured by the Allies. There was no end of propaganda about "gas chambers," "gas ovens," and the like, but so far not a single detailed description of the murder weapon and
<p> As with Dachau, so with Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, and the other camps captured by the Allies. There was no end of propaganda about "gas chambers," "gas ovens," and the like, but so far not a single detailed description of the murder weapon and
ts function, not a single report of the kind that is mandatory for the successful prosecution of any assault or murder case in America at the time and today, has come to light.</p>
<p> Furthermore, a number of Holocaust authorities have now publicly decreed that there were no gassings, no extermination camps in Germany after all! All these things, we are told, were located in what is now Poland, in areas captured by the Soviet
<p> Furthermore, a number of Holocaust authorities have now publicly decreed that there were no gassings, no extermination camps in Germany after all! All these things, we are told, were located in what is now Poland, in areas captured by the Soviet
Red Army and off-limits to Western investigators. In 1960 Dr. Martin Broszat, who is now director of the Munich-based Institute for Contemporary History, which is funded by the West German government to SUPPORT the Holocaust story, wrote a letter to
he German weekly "Die Zeit" in which he stated categorically: "Neither in Dachau nor in Bergen-Belsen nor in Buchenwald were Jews or other prisoners gassed."^16 Professional Nazi-hunter Simon Wiesenthal wrote in 1975 that "there were no extermination
camps on German soil."^17 And Dachau "gas chamber" No. 2, which was once presented to a stunned and grieving world as a weapon which claimed hundreds of thousands of lives, is now described in the brochure issued to tourists at the modern Dachau "mem
rial site" in these words: "This gas chamber, camouflaged as a shower room, was not used."^18</p>
<p> The Propaganda Intensifies</p>
<p> The Propaganda Intensifies</p>
<p> More than forty years after American troops entered Dachau, Buchenwald, and the other German camps, and trained American investigators established the facts as to what had gone on in them, the government in Washington, the entertainment media in
<p> More than forty years after American troops entered Dachau, Buchenwald, and the other German camps, and trained American investigators established the facts as to what had gone on in them, the government in Washington, the entertainment media in
Hollywood, and the print media in New York continue to churn out millions of words and images annually on the horrors of the camps and the infamy of the Holocaust. Despite the fact that, with the exception of the defeated Confederacy, no enemy of Ame
ica has ever so suffered so complete and devestating defeat as did Germany in 1945, the mass media and the politicians and bureaucrats behave as if Hitler, his troops, and his concentration camps continue to exist in an eternal present, and our opini
n makers continue to distort, through ignorance or malice, the facts about the camps.</p>
<p> Time for the Truth</p>
<p> Time for the Truth</p>
<p> It is time that the government and the professional historians revealed the facts about Dachau, Buchenwald, and the other camps. It is time that they let the American public know how the inmates died, and how they didn't die. It is time that the
<p> It is time that the government and the professional historians revealed the facts about Dachau, Buchenwald, and the other camps. It is time that they let the American public know how the inmates died, and how they didn't die. It is time that the
claims as to mass murder by gassing were clarified and investigated in the same manner as any other claims of murder are dealt with. It is time that the free ride certain groups have enjoyed as the result of unchallenged Holocaust claims be terminate
, just as it is time that other groups, including Germans, eastern Europeans, the Roman Catholic hierarchy, and the wartime leadership of America and Britain stop being scapegoated, either for their alleged role in the Holocaust or their supposed fai
ure to stop it.</p>
<p> Above all, it is time that the citizens of this great democratic Republic have the facts about the camps, facts which they possess a right to know, a right that is fundamental to the exercise of their authority and their will in the governance o
<p> Above all, it is time that the citizens of this great democratic Republic have the facts about the camps, facts which they possess a right to know, a right that is fundamental to the exercise of their authority and their will in the governance o
their country. As citizens and as taxpayers, Americans of all ethnic backgrounds, of all faiths, have a basic right and an overriding interest in determining the facts of incidents which are deemed by those in positions of power to be determinative
n America's foreign policy, in its educational policy, in its selection of past events to be memorialized in our civic life. The alleged facts of the Holocaust are today at issue all over the civilized world: in Germany, in France, in Italy, in Brita
n, in the Low Countries and Scandinavia, in Japan, across our border in Canada and in the United States of America itself. The truth will be decided only by recourse to the facts, in the public forum: not by concealing the facts, denying the truth, s
@ -143,10 +143,10 @@ onewalling reality. The truth will out, and it is time the government of this co
the years 1933-1945, so that we may put paid to the lies, without fear or favor, and carry out the work of reconciliation and renewal that is and must be the granite foundation of mutual tolerance between peoples and of a peace based on justice, rath
r than on guns, barbed wire, prisons, and lies.</p>
<p> NOTES</p>
<p> NOTES</p>
<p> 1. _Crime Doctor_, a biography of Larson by John D. McCallum, Mercer,
Washington &amp; Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1979, p. 69.</p>
Washington &amp; Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1979, p. 69.</p>
<p> 2. _Wichita Eagle_, April 1, 1980, p. 4C.</p>
@ -155,92 +155,92 @@ r than on guns, barbed wire, prisons, and lies.</p>
<p> 4. _Wichita Eagle_, April 1, 1980, p. 4C.</p>
<p> 5. John E. Gordon, "Louse-Borne Typhus Fever in the European Theater of
Operations, U.S. Army, 1945," in Forest Ray Moulton, Ed., _Rickettsial
Diseases of Man_, Am. Acad. for the Advancement of Science, Washington D.C.
1948.</p>
Operations, U.S. Army, 1945," in Forest Ray Moulton, Ed., _Rickettsial
Diseases of Man_, Am. Acad. for the Advancement of Science, Washington D.C.
1948.</p>
<p> 6. _Toronto Star_, February 8, 1985, p. A2.</p>
<p> 7. _New York Times_, 24 September 1948, p. 3.</p>
<p> 8. Interview with Lucius Clay, _Official Proceeding of the George C. Marshall
Research Foundation,_ cited in "Buchenwald: Legend and Reality," Mark
Weber, _The Journal of Historical Review_, Vol. 7, no. 4.</p>
Research Foundation,_ cited in "Buchenwald: Legend and Reality," Mark
Weber, _The Journal of Historical Review_, Vol. 7, no. 4.</p>
<p> 9. International Military Tribunal, Vol. XVII, p. 556; IMT, Vol. XX, pp. 489,
438.</p>
438.</p>
<p>10. Cited in _The Theory and Practice of Hell_, Eugen Kogon, Berkley Books, New
York, pp. 108-109.</p>
York, pp. 108-109.</p>
<p>11. Nuremberg document NO-1523.</p>
<p>12. _Buchenwald: A Preliminary Report_, Egon W. Fleck and Edward A. Tenenbaum,
U.S. Army, 12th Army Group, 24 April 1945. National Archives, Record Group
331, SHAEF, G-5, 17.11, Jacket 10, Box 151 (8929/163-8929/180).</p>
U.S. Army, 12th Army Group, 24 April 1945. National Archives, Record Group
331, SHAEF, G-5, 17.11, Jacket 10, Box 151 (8929/163-8929/180).</p>
<p>13. "Communist Atrocities at Buchenwald," Donald B. Robinson, in _American
Mercury_, October 1946.</p>
Mercury_, October 1946.</p>
<p>14. _San Bernardino Sun-Telegram_, March 13, 1966 (cited in _The Man Who
Invented "Genocide"_, James J. Martin, Institute for Historical Review,
IHR, 1984, pp. 110-111.</p>
Invented "Genocide"_, James J. Martin, Institute for Historical Review,
IHR, 1984, pp. 110-111.</p>
<p>15. _Concentration Camp at Natzwiller [sic]_, RG 331, Records of Allied
Operations and Occupation, Army Headquarters WW2, SHAEF/G-5/2717, Modern
Military, National Archives, Washington, D.C., cited in Robert H. Abzug,
_Inside the Vicious Heart_, Oxford University Press, New York, 1985, p. 10,
p. 181.</p>
Operations and Occupation, Army Headquarters WW2, SHAEF/G-5/2717, Modern
Military, National Archives, Washington, D.C., cited in Robert H. Abzug,
_Inside the Vicious Heart_, Oxford University Press, New York, 1985, p. 10,
p. 181.</p>
<p>16. _Die Zeit_, Hamburg, Germany, August 26, 1960.</p>
<p>17. _Books &amp; Bookmen_, April 1975, Vol. 7, p. 5.</p>
<p>18. Leaflet, _Memorial Site Concentration Camp Dachau_, The International
Dachau-Committee, Dachau, Germany, n.d.
Dachau-Committee, Dachau, Germany, n.d.
_______________________________________________________________________________</p>
<p> Theodore J. O'Keefe is the editor of "The Journal of Historical Review." Educated at Harvard, he has studied history and literature on three continents, and has published many articles on historical and political subjects.
<p> Theodore J. O'Keefe is the editor of "The Journal of Historical Review." Educated at Harvard, he has studied history and literature on three continents, and has published many articles on historical and political subjects.
_____________________________________________________________________________
| |
| The conclusions of the early U.S. Army investigations as to the |
| truth about the wartime German concentration camps have since been |
| corroborated by all subsequent investigators and can be summarized: |
| |
| 1. The harrowing scenes of dead and dying inmates were not the result of |
| |
| The conclusions of the early U.S. Army investigations as to the |
| truth about the wartime German concentration camps have since been |
| corroborated by all subsequent investigators and can be summarized: |
| |
| 1. The harrowing scenes of dead and dying inmates were not the result of |
| a German policy of "extermination," but rather the result of epidemics of |
| typhus and other disease brought about largely by the effects of Allied |
| aerial attacks. |
| |
| 2. Stories of Nazi supercriminals and sadists who turned Jews and others |
| into handbags and lampshades for their private profit or amusement were |
| sick lies or diseased fantasies; indeed, the German authorities |
| consistently punished corruption AND cruelty on the part of camp |
| commanders and guards. |
| |
| 3. On the other hand, the representations of the newly liberated inmates |
| to have been saints and martyrs of Hitlerism were quite often very far |
| from the truth; indeed, most of the brutalities inflicted on camp |
| detainees were the work of their fellow prisoners, in contravention of |
| German policy and German orders. |
| |
| 4. The alleged homicidal showers and gas chambers had been used either |
| for bathing camp inmates or delousing their clothes; the claim that they |
| had been used to murder Jews or other human beings is a contemptible |
| fabrication. Orthodox, Establishment historians and professional "Nazi- |
| hunters" have quietly dropped claims that inmates were gassed at Dachau, |
| Buchenwald, and other camps in Germany. They continue, however, to keep |
| silent regarding the lies about Dachau and Buchenwald, as well as to |
| evade an open discussion of the evidence for homicidal gassing at |
| Auschwitz and the other camps captured by the Soviets. |
| typhus and other disease brought about largely by the effects of Allied |
| aerial attacks. |
| |
| 2. Stories of Nazi supercriminals and sadists who turned Jews and others |
| into handbags and lampshades for their private profit or amusement were |
| sick lies or diseased fantasies; indeed, the German authorities |
| consistently punished corruption AND cruelty on the part of camp |
| commanders and guards. |
| |
| 3. On the other hand, the representations of the newly liberated inmates |
| to have been saints and martyrs of Hitlerism were quite often very far |
| from the truth; indeed, most of the brutalities inflicted on camp |
| detainees were the work of their fellow prisoners, in contravention of |
| German policy and German orders. |
| |
| 4. The alleged homicidal showers and gas chambers had been used either |
| for bathing camp inmates or delousing their clothes; the claim that they |
| had been used to murder Jews or other human beings is a contemptible |
| fabrication. Orthodox, Establishment historians and professional "Nazi- |
| hunters" have quietly dropped claims that inmates were gassed at Dachau, |
| Buchenwald, and other camps in Germany. They continue, however, to keep |
| silent regarding the lies about Dachau and Buchenwald, as well as to |
| evade an open discussion of the evidence for homicidal gassing at |
| Auschwitz and the other camps captured by the Soviets. |
|_____________________________________________________________________________|</p>
<p> Send $2 for a packet of literature and a full listing of books, audio cassettes and videotapes. Or, order more copies of this leaflet, postpaid, at the following prices:
10 copies: $2
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10 copies: $2
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THE INSTITUTE FOR HISTORICAL REVIEW
1822 1/2 Newport Blvd., Suite 191
Costa Mesa, California 92627
THE INSTITUTE FOR HISTORICAL REVIEW
1822 1/2 Newport Blvd., Suite 191
Costa Mesa, California 92627
</p></xml>

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@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CARTER'S TRUE LEGACY SHOCKING</p>
<p> By Mike Blair
Exclusive to The SPOTLIGHT</p>
<p>Washington, DC -- While many frown when they think of the high interest
rates, U.S. hostages held abroad and foreign policy giveaways associated
with the Carter administration, former President Jimmy Carter's true legacy
may be even more shocking than imagined.</p>
<p> Carter seemingly ran an end run around a law passed in the wake of
Watergate and signed before Carter took office, which limited White House
powers, when he formed the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).</p>
<p> FEMA was based on Richard Nixon's Executive Order (EO) 11490.</p>
<p> The legislation contained nearly 200,000 words on 32 pages. It
pertained to every executive order ever issued unless specifically revoked.</p>
<p> When Carter took office, EO 11490 was incorporated into a new order
allowing a president to assume dictatorial powers during any self-
proclaimed "emergency" situation; these powers will remain with a president
until specifically revoked by Congress.</p>
<p> Some senators thought they had successfully squashed the chief
executive's "national emergency" powers more than 10 years ago, after a
bipartisan congressional committee pushed the National Emergencies Act into
law.</p>
<p> Until September 14, 1976, the nation's chief executive officer was
empowered by more than 470 special statues to "seize property, organize and
control the means of production, seize commodities, institute martial law,
seize and control all transportation and communication, regulate the
operation of private enterprise, restrict travel and, in a host of other
ways, control the lives of Americans," then-Sen. Frank Church (D-Idaho)
said in the _Congressional Record_.</p>
<p> The National Emergencies Act, which took effect in 1978, was supposed
to prevent the nation from turning into a potential dictatorship.
Presidents had used their "emergency" powers at least four times in the
previous 45 years.</p>
<p> The president held this little-known sway over citizens through
executive orders, which he could write into law in a moment's notice. No
group, neither elected officials, business leaders, nor private citizens,
had the power to void these laws.</p>
<p> Franklin Roosevelt invoked a national emergency in 1933 to deal with
the banking crisis, and Harry Truman responded to the Korean War with an
emergency act in 1950.</p>
<p> Richard Nixon declared a pair of crises. In March 1970 he declared a
national emergency to deal with the post office strike. The Nixon White
House was at it again 16 months later when it implemented currency
restriction in August of 1971 in order to control foreign trade.</p>
<p> Then, in 1976, after two years of public hearings and committee
meetings, a bipartisan special congressional Committee on Emergency Powers
pushed legislation to wrestle power from the White House.</p>
<p> The National Emergencies Act became law on September 14, 1978,.
Senators used the second anniversary of their law to pat each other on the
back -- through the _Congressional Record_ -- and to attempt to establish
Congress's role in national security.</p>
<p> "The Congress must never again trade away its responsibilities in the
name of national emergency," Church said. "Let that be one of the lessons
learned from the investigation completed, the passage of the National
Emergencies Act and the termination today of emergency powers."</p>
<p> Church's warning fell on deaf ears. Less than one year later,
President Jimmy Carter ordered into being an entire apparatus --
unprecedented in American history -- designed to seize and exercise all
political, economic and military power in the United States.</p>
<p> Carter, Ronald Reagan, George Bush or any future president could
establish himself as total dictator.</p>
<p> Carter did this with an executive order -- EO 12148.</p>
<p> An executive order has never been defined by Congress. The validity
of such directives has been questioned many times, but there has never been
a decision made by the courts or Congress on how far-reaching executive
orders may be.</p>
<p> Through existing executive orders it is possible for one person to
ignore the Constitution, Congress and the will of the American people. A
complete dictatorship can be imposed under the veil of law.</p>
<p> A declaration by the president of the existence of a "national
emergency" has always stopped short of martial law, although the president
has that prerogative. Undoubtedly it would be exercised in the event of an
attack on the United States.</p>
<p> An attempt was made to incorporate all the "national emergency" powers
into one law under Nixon. However, in the wake of the Watergate scandal,
he was unable to pull off the presidential coup.</p>
<p> Carter, a Trilateralist, did.</p>
<p>-----------------</p>
<p>Reproduced with permission from a special supplement to _The Spotlight_,
May 25, 1992. This text may be freely reproduced provided acknowledgement
to The Spotlight appears, including this address:</p>
<p> The SPOTLIGHT
300 Independence Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20003
</xml>

54
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@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
<xml><p>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CARTER'S TRUE LEGACY SHOCKING</p>
CARTER'S TRUE LEGACY SHOCKING</p>
<p> By Mike Blair
Exclusive to The SPOTLIGHT</p>
<p> By Mike Blair
Exclusive to The SPOTLIGHT</p>
<p>Washington, DC -- While many frown when they think of the high interest
rates, U.S. hostages held abroad and foreign policy giveaways associated
with the Carter administration, former President Jimmy Carter's true legacy
may be even more shocking than imagined.</p>
<p> Carter seemingly ran an end run around a law passed in the wake of
<p> Carter seemingly ran an end run around a law passed in the wake of
Watergate and signed before Carter took office, which limited White House
powers, when he formed the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).</p>
<p> FEMA was based on Richard Nixon's Executive Order (EO) 11490.</p>
<p> FEMA was based on Richard Nixon's Executive Order (EO) 11490.</p>
<p> The legislation contained nearly 200,000 words on 32 pages. It
<p> The legislation contained nearly 200,000 words on 32 pages. It
pertained to every executive order ever issued unless specifically revoked.</p>
<p> When Carter took office, EO 11490 was incorporated into a new order
<p> When Carter took office, EO 11490 was incorporated into a new order
allowing a president to assume dictatorial powers during any self-
proclaimed "emergency" situation; these powers will remain with a president
until specifically revoked by Congress.</p>
<p> Some senators thought they had successfully squashed the chief
<p> Some senators thought they had successfully squashed the chief
executive's "national emergency" powers more than 10 years ago, after a
bipartisan congressional committee pushed the National Emergencies Act into
law.</p>
<p> Until September 14, 1976, the nation's chief executive officer was
<p> Until September 14, 1976, the nation's chief executive officer was
empowered by more than 470 special statues to "seize property, organize and
control the means of production, seize commodities, institute martial law,
seize and control all transportation and communication, regulate the
@ -37,68 +37,68 @@ operation of private enterprise, restrict travel and, in a host of other
ways, control the lives of Americans," then-Sen. Frank Church (D-Idaho)
said in the _Congressional Record_.</p>
<p> The National Emergencies Act, which took effect in 1978, was supposed
<p> The National Emergencies Act, which took effect in 1978, was supposed
to prevent the nation from turning into a potential dictatorship.
Presidents had used their "emergency" powers at least four times in the
previous 45 years.</p>
<p> The president held this little-known sway over citizens through
<p> The president held this little-known sway over citizens through
executive orders, which he could write into law in a moment's notice. No
group, neither elected officials, business leaders, nor private citizens,
had the power to void these laws.</p>
<p> Franklin Roosevelt invoked a national emergency in 1933 to deal with
<p> Franklin Roosevelt invoked a national emergency in 1933 to deal with
the banking crisis, and Harry Truman responded to the Korean War with an
emergency act in 1950.</p>
<p> Richard Nixon declared a pair of crises. In March 1970 he declared a
<p> Richard Nixon declared a pair of crises. In March 1970 he declared a
national emergency to deal with the post office strike. The Nixon White
House was at it again 16 months later when it implemented currency
restriction in August of 1971 in order to control foreign trade.</p>
<p> Then, in 1976, after two years of public hearings and committee
<p> Then, in 1976, after two years of public hearings and committee
meetings, a bipartisan special congressional Committee on Emergency Powers
pushed legislation to wrestle power from the White House.</p>
<p> The National Emergencies Act became law on September 14, 1978,.
<p> The National Emergencies Act became law on September 14, 1978,.
Senators used the second anniversary of their law to pat each other on the
back -- through the _Congressional Record_ -- and to attempt to establish
Congress's role in national security.</p>
<p> "The Congress must never again trade away its responsibilities in the
<p> "The Congress must never again trade away its responsibilities in the
name of national emergency," Church said. "Let that be one of the lessons
learned from the investigation completed, the passage of the National
Emergencies Act and the termination today of emergency powers."</p>
<p> Church's warning fell on deaf ears. Less than one year later,
<p> Church's warning fell on deaf ears. Less than one year later,
President Jimmy Carter ordered into being an entire apparatus --
unprecedented in American history -- designed to seize and exercise all
political, economic and military power in the United States.</p>
<p> Carter, Ronald Reagan, George Bush or any future president could
<p> Carter, Ronald Reagan, George Bush or any future president could
establish himself as total dictator.</p>
<p> Carter did this with an executive order -- EO 12148.</p>
<p> Carter did this with an executive order -- EO 12148.</p>
<p> An executive order has never been defined by Congress. The validity
<p> An executive order has never been defined by Congress. The validity
of such directives has been questioned many times, but there has never been
a decision made by the courts or Congress on how far-reaching executive
orders may be.</p>
<p> Through existing executive orders it is possible for one person to
<p> Through existing executive orders it is possible for one person to
ignore the Constitution, Congress and the will of the American people. A
complete dictatorship can be imposed under the veil of law.</p>
<p> A declaration by the president of the existence of a "national
<p> A declaration by the president of the existence of a "national
emergency" has always stopped short of martial law, although the president
has that prerogative. Undoubtedly it would be exercised in the event of an
attack on the United States.</p>
<p> An attempt was made to incorporate all the "national emergency" powers
<p> An attempt was made to incorporate all the "national emergency" powers
into one law under Nixon. However, in the wake of the Watergate scandal,
he was unable to pull off the presidential coup.</p>
<p> Carter, a Trilateralist, did.</p>
<p> Carter, a Trilateralist, did.</p>
<p>-----------------</p>
@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ he was unable to pull off the presidential coup.</p>
May 25, 1992. This text may be freely reproduced provided acknowledgement
to The Spotlight appears, including this address:</p>
<p> The SPOTLIGHT
300 Independence Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20003
<p> The SPOTLIGHT
300 Independence Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20003
</p></xml>

763
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@ -1,763 +0,0 @@
<xml><p></p>
<p> CUBA, CASTRO, and the UNITED STATES</p>
<p> or</p>
<p> How One Man With A Cigar</p>
<p> Dominated American Foreign Policy</p>
<p>
In 1959, a rebel, Fidel Castro, overthrew the reign of </p>
<p>Fulgencia Batista in Cuba; a small island 90 miles off the </p>
<p>Florida coast. There have been many coups and changes of </p>
<p>government in the world since then. Few if any have had the </p>
<p>effect on Americans and American foreign policy as this one.</p>
<p> In 1952, Sergeant Fulgencia Batista staged a successful </p>
<p>bloodless coup in Cuba . </p>
<p> Batista never really had any cooperation and rarely </p>
<p>garnered much support. His reign was marked by continual </p>
<p>dissension.</p>
<p> After waiting to see if Batista would be seriously opposed, </p>
<p>Washington recognized his government. Batista had already </p>
<p>broken ties with the Soviet Union and became an ally to the </p>
<p>U.S. throughout the cold war. He was continually friendly and </p>
<p>helpful to American business interest. But he failed to bring </p>
<p>democracy to Cuba or secure the broad popular support that </p>
<p>might have legitimized his rape of the 1940 Constitution.</p>
<p> As the people of Cuba grew increasingly dissatisfied with </p>
<p>his gangster style politics, the tiny rebellions that had </p>
<p>sprouted began to grow. Meanwhile the U.S. government was </p>
<p>aware of and shared the distaste for a regime increasingly </p>
<p>nauseating to most public opinion. It became clear that Batista </p>
<p>regime was an odious type of government. It killed its own </p>
<p>citizens, it stifled dissent. (1)</p>
<p> At this time Fidel Castro appeared as leader of the growing </p>
<p>rebellion. Educated in America he was a proponent of the </p>
<p>Marxist-Leninist philosophy. He conducted a brilliant guerilla </p>
<p>campaign from the hills of Cuba against Batista. On January </p>
<p>1959, he prevailed and overthrew the Batista government.</p>
<p> Castro promised to restore democracy in Cuba, a feat </p>
<p>
Batista had failed to accomplish. This promise was looked </p>
<p>upon benevolently but watchfully by Washington. Castro was </p>
<p>believed to be too much in the hands of the people to stretch </p>
<p>the rules of politics very far. The U.S. government supported </p>
<p>Castro's coup. It professed to not know about Castro's </p>
<p>Communist leanings. Perhaps this was due to the ramifications </p>
<p>of Senator Joe McCarty's discredited anti-Communist diatribes.</p>
<p> It seemed as if the reciprocal economic interests of the </p>
<p>U.S. and Cuba would exert a stabilizing effect on Cuban </p>
<p>politics. Cuba had been economically bound to find a market for </p>
<p>its #1 crop, sugar. The U.S. had been buying it at prices much </p>
<p>higher than market price. For this it received a guaranteed </p>
<p>flow of sugar. (2)</p>
<p> Early on however developments clouded the hope for peaceful </p>
<p>relations. According to American Ambassador to Cuba, Phillip </p>
<p>Bonsal, "From the very beginning of his rule Castro and his </p>
<p>sycophants bitterly and sweepingly attacked the relations of </p>
<p>the United States government with Batista and his regime".(3) </p>
<p>He accused us of supplying arms to Batista to help overthrow </p>
<p>Castro's revolution and of harboring war criminals for a </p>
<p>resurgence effort against him. For the most part these were </p>
<p>not true: the U.S. put a trade embargo on Batista in 1957 </p>
<p>stopping the U.S. shipment of arms to Cuba. (4) However, his </p>
<p>last accusation seems to have been prescient.</p>
<p> With the advent of Castro the history of U.S.- Cuban </p>
<p>relations was subjected to a revision of an intensity and </p>
<p>cynicism which left earlier efforts in the shade. This </p>
<p>downfall took two roads in the eyes of Washington: Castro's </p>
<p>incessant campaign of slander against the U.S. and Castro's </p>
<p>wholesale nationalization of American properties.</p>
<p>
These actions and the U.S. reaction to them set the stage </p>
<p>for what was to become the Bay of Pigs fiasco and the end of </p>
<p>U.S.- Cuban relations.</p>
<p> Castro promised the Cuban people that he would bring land </p>
<p>reform to Cuba. When he took power, the bulk of the nations </p>
<p>wealth and land was in the hands of a small minority. The huge </p>
<p>plots of land were to be taken from the monopolistic owners and </p>
<p>distributed evenly among the people. Compensation was to be </p>
<p>paid to the former owners. According to Phillip Bonsal, " </p>
<p>Nothing Castro said, nothing stated in the agrarian reform </p>
<p>statute Castro signed in 1958, and nothing in the law that was </p>
<p>promulgated in the Official Gazzette of June 3, 1959, warranted </p>
<p>the belief that in two years a wholesale conversion of Cuban </p>
<p>agricultural land to state ownership would take place".(5) Such </p>
<p>a notion then would have been inconsistent with many of the </p>
<p>Castro pronouncements, including the theory of a peasant </p>
<p>revolution and the pledges to the landless throughout the </p>
<p>nation. Today most of the people who expected to become </p>
<p>independent farmers or members of cooperatives in the operation </p>
<p>of which they would have had a voice are now laborers on the </p>
<p>state payroll. (6) </p>
<p> After secretly drawing up his Land Reform Law, Castro used </p>
<p>it to form the National Institute of Agrarian Reform (INRA) </p>
<p>with broad and ill defined powers. Through the INRA Castro </p>
<p>methodically seized all American holdings in Cuba. He promised </p>
<p>compensation but frequently never gave it. He conducted </p>
<p>investigations into company affairs, holding control over them </p>
<p>in the meantime, and then never divulging the results or giving </p>
<p>back the control. (7)</p>
<p> These seizures were protested. On January 11 Ambassador </p>
<p>
Bonsal delivered a note to Havana protesting the Cuban </p>
<p>government seizure of U.S. citizens property. The note was </p>
<p>rejected the same night as a U.S. attempt to keep economic </p>
<p>control over Cuba. (8)</p>
<p> As this continued Castro was engineering a brilliant </p>
<p>propaganda campaign aimed at accusing the U.S. of "conspiring </p>
<p>with the counter revolutionaries against the Castro regime"(9). </p>
<p>Castro's ability to whip the masses into a frenzy with wispy </p>
<p>fallacies about American "imperialist" actions against Cuba was </p>
<p>his main asset. He constantly found events which he could work </p>
<p>the "ol Castro magic " on, as Nixon said , to turn it into </p>
<p>another of the long list of grievances, real or imagined, that </p>
<p>Cuba had suffered.</p>
<p> Throughout Castro's rule there had been numerous minor </p>
<p>attacks and disturbances in Cuba. Always without any </p>
<p>investigation whatsoever, Castro would blatantly and publicly </p>
<p>blame the U.S.. </p>
<p> Castro continually called for hearings at the Organization </p>
<p>of American States and the United Nations to hear charges </p>
<p>against the U.S. of "overt aggression". These charges were </p>
<p>always denied by the councils. (10)</p>
<p> Two events that provided fuel for the Castro propaganda </p>
<p>furnace stand out. These are the "bombing" of Havana on </p>
<p>October 21 and the explosion of the French munitions ship La </p>
<p>Coubre on March 4, 1960.(11)</p>
<p> On the evening of October 21 the former captain of the </p>
<p>rebel air force, Captain Dian-Lanz, flew over Havana and </p>
<p>dropped a quantity of virulently anti-Castro leaflets. This was </p>
<p>an American failure to prevent international flights in </p>
<p>violation of American law. Untroubled by any considerations of </p>
<p>
truth or good faith, the Cuban authorities distorted the </p>
<p>facts of the matter and accused the U.S. of a responsibility </p>
<p>going way beyond negligence. Castro, not two days later, </p>
<p>elaborated a bombing thesis, complete with "witnesses", and </p>
<p>launched a propaganda campaign against the U.S. Ambassador </p>
<p>Bonsal said, "This incident was so welcome to Castro for his </p>
<p>purposes that I was not surprised when, at a later date, a </p>
<p>somewhat similar flight was actually engineered by Cuban secret </p>
<p>agents in Florida."(12)</p>
<p> This outburst constituted "the beginning of the end " in </p>
<p>U.S.- Cuban relations. President Eisenhower stated ,"Castro's </p>
<p>performance on October 26 on the "bombing" of Havana spelled </p>
<p>the end of my hope for rational relations between Cuba and the </p>
<p>U.S."(13)</p>
<p> Up until 1960 the U.S. had followed a policy of non </p>
<p>intervention in Cuba. It had endured the slander and seizure </p>
<p>of lands, still hoping to maintain relations. This ended, </p>
<p>when, on March 4, the French munitions ship La Coubre arrived </p>
<p>at Havana laden with arms and munitions for the Cuban </p>
<p>government. It promptly blew up with serious loss of life. (14)</p>
<p> Castro and his authorities wasted no time venomously </p>
<p>denouncing the U.S. for an overt act of sabotage. Some </p>
<p>observers concluded that the disaster was due to the careless </p>
<p>way the Cubans unloaded the cargo. (15) Sabotage was possible </p>
<p>but it was preposterous to blame the U.S. without even a </p>
<p>pretense of an investigation. </p>
<p> Castro's reaction to the La Coubre explosion may have been </p>
<p>what tipped the scales in favor of Washington's abandonment of </p>
<p>the non intervention policy. This, the continued slander, and </p>
<p>the fact that the Embassy had had no reply from the Cuban </p>
<p>
government to its representations regarding the cases of </p>
<p>Americans victimized by the continuing abuses of the INRA.</p>
<p> The American posture of moderation was beginning to become, </p>
<p>in the face of Castro's insulting and aggressive behavior, a </p>
<p>political liability. (16)</p>
<p> The new American policy, not announced as such, but </p>
<p>implicit in the the actions of the United States government was </p>
<p>one of overthrowing Castro by all means available to the U.S. </p>
<p>short of open employment of American armed forces in Cuba.</p>
<p> It was at this time that the controversial decision was </p>
<p>taken to allow the CIA to begin recruiting and training of </p>
<p>ex-Cuban exiles for anti-Castro military service. (17)</p>
<p> Shortly after this decision, following in quick steps, </p>
<p>aggressive policies both on the side of Cuba and the U.S. led </p>
<p>to the eventual finale in the actual invasion of Cuba by the </p>
<p>U.S!</p>
<p> In June 1960 the U.S. started a series of economic </p>
<p>aggressions toward Cuba aimed at accelerating their downfall.</p>
<p> The first of these measures was the advice of the U.S. to </p>
<p>the oil refineries in Cuba to refuse to handle the crude </p>
<p>petroleum that the Cubans were receiving from the Soviet Union. </p>
<p>The companies such as Shell and Standard Oil had been buying </p>
<p>crude from their own plants in Venezuela at a high cost. The </p>
<p>Cuban government demanded that the refineries process the crude </p>
<p>they were receiving from Russia at a much cheaper price. These </p>
<p>refineries refused at the U.S. advice stating that there were </p>
<p>no provisions in the law saying that they must accept the </p>
<p>Soviet product and that the low grade Russian crude would </p>
<p>damage the machinery. The claim about the law may have been </p>
<p>true but the charge that the cheaper Soviet
crude damaging the </p>
<p>machines seems to be an excuse to cover up the attempted </p>
<p>economic strangulation of Cuba. (The crude worked just fine as </p>
<p>is soon to be shown)</p>
<p> Upon receiving the refusal Che Gueverra, the newly </p>
<p>appointed head of the National Bank,and known anti-American, </p>
<p>seized all three major oil company refineries and began </p>
<p>producing all the Soviet crude,not just the 50% they had </p>
<p>earlier bargained for. This was a big victory and a stepping </p>
<p>stone towards increasing the soon to be controversial alliance </p>
<p>with Russia.</p>
<p> On July 6, a week after the intervention of the refineries, </p>
<p>President Eisenhower announced that the balance of Cuba's 1960 </p>
<p>sugar quota for the supply of sugar to the U.S. was to be </p>
<p>suspended. (18). This action was regarded as a reprisal to </p>
<p>the intervention of the refineries. It seems obvious that it </p>
<p>was a major element in the calculated overthrow of Castro.</p>
<p> In addition to being an act of destroying the U.S. record </p>
<p>for statesmanship in Latin America, this forced Cuba into </p>
<p>Russia's arms and vice-versa.</p>
<p> The immediate loss to Cuba was 900,000 tons of sugar </p>
<p>unsold. This was valued at about $100,000,000.(19) Had the </p>
<p>Russians not come to the rescue it would have been a serious </p>
<p>blow to Cuba. But come to the rescue they did, cementing the </p>
<p>Soviet-Cuban bond and granting Castro a present he could have </p>
<p>never given himself. As Ernest Hemingway put it,"I just hope to </p>
<p>Christ that the United States doesn't cut the sugar quota. That </p>
<p>will really tear it. It will make Cuba a gift to the </p>
<p>Russians." (20) And now the gift had been made.</p>
<p> Castro had announced earlier in a speech that action </p>
<p>against the sugar quota would cost Americans in Cuba "down to </p>
<p>
the nails in their shoes" (21) Castro did his best to carry </p>
<p>that out. In a decree made as the Law of Nationalization, he </p>
<p>authorized expropriation of American property at Che Gueverra's </p>
<p>discretion. The compensation scheme was such that under </p>
<p>current U.S. - Cuban trade relations it was worthless and </p>
<p>therefore confiscation without compensation.</p>
<p> The Soviet Unions assumption of responsibility of Cuba's </p>
<p>economic welfare gave the Russians a politico-military stake in </p>
<p>Cuba. Increased arms shipments from the U.S.S.R and </p>
<p>Czechoslovakia enabled Castro to rapidly strengthen and expand </p>
<p>his forces. On top of this Cuba now had Russian military </p>
<p>support. On July 9, three days after President Eisenhowers </p>
<p>sugar proclamation, Soviet Premier Nikita Kruschev announced, </p>
<p>"The U.S.S.R is raising its voice and extending a helpful hand </p>
<p>to the people of Cuba.....Speaking figuratively in case of </p>
<p>necessity Soviet artillerymen can support the Cuban people with </p>
<p>rocket fire. (22) Castro took this to mean direct commitment </p>
<p>made by Russia to protect the Cuban revolution in case of U.S. </p>
<p>attack. The final act of the U.S. in the field of economic </p>
<p>aggression against Cuba came on October 19, 1960, in the form </p>
<p>of a trade embargo on all goods except medicine and medical </p>
<p>supplies. Even these were to be banned within a few months. </p>
<p>Other than causing the revolutionaries some inconvenience, all </p>
<p>the embargo accomplished was to give Castro a godsend. For the </p>
<p>past 25 years Castro has blamed the shortages, rationings, </p>
<p>breakdowns and even some of the unfavorable weather conditions </p>
<p>on the U.S. blockade.</p>
<p> On January 6, 1961, Castro formally broke relations with </p>
<p>the United States and ordered the staff of the U.S. embassy to </p>
<p>leave. Immediately after the break in relations he ordered </p>
<p>
full scale mobilization of his armed forces to repel an </p>
<p>invasion from the United States, which he correctly asserted </p>
<p>was imminent. For at this time the Washington administration, </p>
<p>under new President-elect Kennedy was gearing up for the Cuban </p>
<p>exile invasion of Cuba. The fact that this secret was ill kept </p>
<p>led to increased arms being shipped to Cuba by Russia in late </p>
<p>1960.</p>
<p> President Kennedy inherited from the Eisenhower-Nixon </p>
<p>administration the operation that became the Bay of Pigs </p>
<p>expedition. The plan was ill conceived and a fiasco.</p>
<p> Both Theodore Sorensen and Arthur Schlesinger describe the </p>
<p>President as the victim of a process set in motion before his </p>
<p>inauguration and which he, in the first few weeks of his </p>
<p>administration, was unable to arrest in spite of his </p>
<p>misgivings. Mr. Schlesinger writes -"Kennedy saw the project </p>
<p>in the patios of the bureaucracy as a contingency plan. He did </p>
<p>not yet realize how contingency planning could generate its own </p>
<p>reality." (23)</p>
<p> The fact is that Kennedy had promised to pursue a more </p>
<p>successful policy towards Cuba. I fail to see how the proposed </p>
<p>invasion could be looked upon as successful. The plan he </p>
<p>inherited called for 1500 patriots to seize control over their </p>
<p>seven million fellow citizens from over 100,000 well trained, </p>
<p>well armed Castroite militia!</p>
<p> As if the plan wasn't doomed from the start, the </p>
<p>information the CIA had gathered about the strength of the </p>
<p>uprising in Cuba was outrageously misleading. If we had won, </p>
<p>it still would have taken prolonged U.S. intervention to make </p>
<p>it work. This along with Kennedys decision to rule out </p>
<p>American forces or even American officers or experts, whose </p>
<p>
participation was planned, doomed the whole affair.</p>
<p> Additionally these impromptu ground rules were not relayed </p>
<p>to the exiles by the CIA, who were expecting massive U.S. </p>
<p>military backing!</p>
<p> The exiles had their own problems; guns didn't work, ships </p>
<p>sank, codes for communication were wrong, the ammunition was </p>
<p>the wrong kind - everything that could go wrong, did. As could </p>
<p>be imagined the anti-Castro opposition achieved not one of its </p>
<p>permanent goals. Upon landing at the Bay of Pigs on April 17, </p>
<p>1961, the mission marked a landmark failure in U.S. foreign </p>
<p>politics. By April 20, only three days later, Castro's forces </p>
<p>had completely destroyed any semblance of the mission: they </p>
<p>killed 300 and captured the remaining 1,200!</p>
<p> Many people since then have chastised Kennedy for his </p>
<p>decision to pull U.S. military forces. I feel that his only </p>
<p>mistake was in going ahead in the first place, although, as </p>
<p>stated earlier, it seems as if he may not have had much choice.</p>
<p> I feel Kennedy showed surer instincts in this matter than </p>
<p>his advisors who pleaded with him not to pull U.S. forces. For </p>
<p>if the expedition had succeeded due to American armed forces </p>
<p>rather than the strength of the exile forces and the anti- </p>
<p>Castro movement within Cuba, the post Castro government would </p>
<p>have been totally unviable: it would have taken constant </p>
<p>American help to shore it up. In this matter I share the </p>
<p>opinion of `ambassador Ellis O. Briggs, who has written "The </p>
<p>Bay of Pigs operation was a tragic experience for the Cubans </p>
<p>who took part, but its failure was a fortunate (if mortifying) </p>
<p>experience for the U.S., which otherwise might have been </p>
<p>saddled with indefinite occupation of the island.</p>
<p> Beyond its immediately damaging effects, the Bay of Pigs </p>
<p>
fiasco has shown itself to have far reaching consequences.</p>
<p> Washington's failure to achieve its goal in Cuba provided </p>
<p>the catalyst for Russia to seek an advantage and install </p>
<p>nuclear missiles in Cuba. The resulting "missile crisis" in </p>
<p>1962 was the closest we have been to thermonuclear war.</p>
<p> America's gain may have been America's loss. A successful </p>
<p>Bay of Pigs may have brought the United States one advantage. </p>
<p>The strain on American political and military assets resulting </p>
<p>from the need to keep the lid on in Cuba might have lid on Cuba </p>
<p>might have led the President of the United States to resist, </p>
<p>rather than to enthusiastically embrace, the advice he received </p>
<p>in 1964 and 1965 to make a massive commitment of American air </p>
<p>power, ground forces, and prestige in Vietnam.</p>
<p> Cuban troops have been a major presence as Soviet </p>
<p>surrogates all over the world, notably in Angola.</p>
<p> The threat of exportation of Castro's revolution permeates </p>
<p>U.S.-Central and South American policy. (Witness the invasion </p>
<p>of Grenada.)</p>
<p> This fear still dominates todays headlines. For years the </p>
<p>U.S. has urged support for government of El Salvador and the </p>
<p>right wing Contras in Nicaragua. The major concern underlying </p>
<p>American policy in the area is Castro's influence. The fear of </p>
<p>a Castro influenced regime in South and Central America had </p>
<p>such control of American foreign policy as to almost topple the </p>
<p>Presidency in the recent Iran - Contra affair. As a result the </p>
<p>U.S. government has once again faced a crisis which threatens </p>
<p>to destroy its credibility in foreign affairs. All because of </p>
<p>one man with a cigar.</p>
<p> In concluding I would like to state my own feelings on the </p>
<p>
whole affair as they formed in researching the topic. To </p>
<p>start, all the information I could gather was one-sided. All </p>
<p>the sources were American written, and encompassed an American </p>
<p>point of view. In light of this knowledge, and with the </p>
<p>advantage of hindsight, I have formulated my own opinion of </p>
<p>this affair and how it might have been more productively </p>
<p>handled. American intervention should have been held to a </p>
<p>minimum. In an atmosphere of concentration on purely Cuban </p>
<p>issues, opposition to Castro's personal dictatorship could be </p>
<p>expected to grow. Admittedly, even justified American </p>
<p>retaliation would have led to Cuban counterretaliation and so </p>
<p>on with the prospect that step by step the same end result </p>
<p>would have been attained as was in fact achieved. But the </p>
<p>process would have lasted far longer; measured American </p>
<p>responses might have appeared well deserved to an increasing </p>
<p>number of Cubans, thus strengthening Cuban opposition to the </p>
<p>regime instead of, as was the case, greatly stimulating </p>
<p>revolutionary fervor, leaving the Russians no choice but to </p>
<p>give massive support to the Revolution and fortifying the </p>
<p>belief among anti-Castro Cubans that the United States was </p>
<p>rapidly moving to liberate them. The economic pressures </p>
<p>available to the United States were not apt to bring Castro to </p>
<p>his knees, since the Soviets were capable of meeting Cuban </p>
<p>requirements in such matters as oil and sugar. I believe the </p>
<p>Cuban government would have been doomed by its own </p>
<p>disorganization and incompetence and by the growing </p>
<p>disaffection of an increasing number of the Cuban people. Left </p>
<p>to its own devices, the Castro regime would have withered on </p>
<p>the vine. </p>
<p>ammunition was </p>
<p>the wrong kind - everything that could go wrong, di
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<p></xml>

134
regexConsp/castro.xml
View File

@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
<xml><p></p>
<p> CUBA, CASTRO, and the UNITED STATES</p>
<p> CUBA, CASTRO, and the UNITED STATES</p>
<p> or</p>
<p> or</p>
<p> How One Man With A Cigar</p>
<p> How One Man With A Cigar</p>
<p> Dominated American Foreign Policy</p>
<p> Dominated American Foreign Policy</p>
<p>
In 1959, a rebel, Fidel Castro, overthrew the reign of </p>
In 1959, a rebel, Fidel Castro, overthrew the reign of </p>
<p>Fulgencia Batista in Cuba; a small island 90 miles off the </p>
@ -19,17 +19,17 @@
<p>effect on Americans and American foreign policy as this one.</p>
<p> In 1952, Sergeant Fulgencia Batista staged a successful </p>
<p> In 1952, Sergeant Fulgencia Batista staged a successful </p>
<p>bloodless coup in Cuba . </p>
<p> Batista never really had any cooperation and rarely </p>
<p> Batista never really had any cooperation and rarely </p>
<p>garnered much support. His reign was marked by continual </p>
<p>dissension.</p>
<p> After waiting to see if Batista would be seriously opposed, </p>
<p> After waiting to see if Batista would be seriously opposed, </p>
<p>Washington recognized his government. Batista had already </p>
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<p>might have legitimized his rape of the 1940 Constitution.</p>
<p> As the people of Cuba grew increasingly dissatisfied with </p>
<p> As the people of Cuba grew increasingly dissatisfied with </p>
<p>his gangster style politics, the tiny rebellions that had </p>
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
<p>citizens, it stifled dissent. (1)</p>
<p> At this time Fidel Castro appeared as leader of the growing </p>
<p> At this time Fidel Castro appeared as leader of the growing </p>
<p>rebellion. Educated in America he was a proponent of the </p>
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
<p>1959, he prevailed and overthrew the Batista government.</p>
<p> Castro promised to restore democracy in Cuba, a feat </p>
<p> Castro promised to restore democracy in Cuba, a feat </p>
<p>
Batista had failed to accomplish. This promise was looked </p>
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Batista had failed to accomplish. This promise was looked </p>
<p>of Senator Joe McCarty's discredited anti-Communist diatribes.</p>
<p> It seemed as if the reciprocal economic interests of the </p>
<p> It seemed as if the reciprocal economic interests of the </p>
<p>U.S. and Cuba would exert a stabilizing effect on Cuban </p>
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Batista had failed to accomplish. This promise was looked </p>
<p>flow of sugar. (2)</p>
<p> Early on however developments clouded the hope for peaceful </p>
<p> Early on however developments clouded the hope for peaceful </p>
<p>relations. According to American Ambassador to Cuba, Phillip </p>
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ Batista had failed to accomplish. This promise was looked </p>
<p>last accusation seems to have been prescient.</p>
<p> With the advent of Castro the history of U.S.- Cuban </p>
<p> With the advent of Castro the history of U.S.- Cuban </p>
<p>relations was subjected to a revision of an intensity and </p>
@ -131,13 +131,13 @@ Batista had failed to accomplish. This promise was looked </p>
<p>wholesale nationalization of American properties.</p>
<p>
These actions and the U.S. reaction to them set the stage </p>
These actions and the U.S. reaction to them set the stage </p>
<p>for what was to become the Bay of Pigs fiasco and the end of </p>
<p>U.S.- Cuban relations.</p>
<p> Castro promised the Cuban people that he would bring land </p>
<p> Castro promised the Cuban people that he would bring land </p>
<p>reform to Cuba. When he took power, the bulk of the nations </p>
@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Batista had failed to accomplish. This promise was looked </p>
<p>state payroll. (6) </p>
<p> After secretly drawing up his Land Reform Law, Castro used </p>
<p> After secretly drawing up his Land Reform Law, Castro used </p>
<p>it to form the National Institute of Agrarian Reform (INRA) </p>
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ Batista had failed to accomplish. This promise was looked </p>
<p>back the control. (7)</p>
<p> These seizures were protested. On January 11 Ambassador </p>
<p> These seizures were protested. On January 11 Ambassador </p>
<p>
Bonsal delivered a note to Havana protesting the Cuban </p>
@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ Bonsal delivered a note to Havana protesting the Cuban </p>
<p>control over Cuba. (8)</p>
<p> As this continued Castro was engineering a brilliant </p>
<p> As this continued Castro was engineering a brilliant </p>
<p>propaganda campaign aimed at accusing the U.S. of "conspiring </p>
@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ Bonsal delivered a note to Havana protesting the Cuban </p>
<p>Cuba had suffered.</p>
<p> Throughout Castro's rule there had been numerous minor </p>
<p> Throughout Castro's rule there had been numerous minor </p>
<p>attacks and disturbances in Cuba. Always without any </p>
@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ Bonsal delivered a note to Havana protesting the Cuban </p>
<p>blame the U.S.. </p>
<p> Castro continually called for hearings at the Organization </p>
<p> Castro continually called for hearings at the Organization </p>
<p>of American States and the United Nations to hear charges </p>
@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ Bonsal delivered a note to Havana protesting the Cuban </p>
<p>always denied by the councils. (10)</p>
<p> Two events that provided fuel for the Castro propaganda </p>
<p> Two events that provided fuel for the Castro propaganda </p>
<p>furnace stand out. These are the "bombing" of Havana on </p>
@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ Bonsal delivered a note to Havana protesting the Cuban </p>
<p>Coubre on March 4, 1960.(11)</p>
<p> On the evening of October 21 the former captain of the </p>
<p> On the evening of October 21 the former captain of the </p>
<p>rebel air force, Captain Dian-Lanz, flew over Havana and </p>
@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ truth or good faith, the Cuban authorities distorted the </p>
<p>agents in Florida."(12)</p>
<p> This outburst constituted "the beginning of the end " in </p>
<p> This outburst constituted "the beginning of the end " in </p>
<p>U.S.- Cuban relations. President Eisenhower stated ,"Castro's </p>
@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ truth or good faith, the Cuban authorities distorted the </p>
<p>U.S."(13)</p>
<p> Up until 1960 the U.S. had followed a policy of non </p>
<p> Up until 1960 the U.S. had followed a policy of non </p>
<p>intervention in Cuba. It had endured the slander and seizure </p>
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ truth or good faith, the Cuban authorities distorted the </p>
<p>government. It promptly blew up with serious loss of life. (14)</p>
<p> Castro and his authorities wasted no time venomously </p>
<p> Castro and his authorities wasted no time venomously </p>
<p>denouncing the U.S. for an overt act of sabotage. Some </p>
@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ truth or good faith, the Cuban authorities distorted the </p>
<p>pretense of an investigation. </p>
<p> Castro's reaction to the La Coubre explosion may have been </p>
<p> Castro's reaction to the La Coubre explosion may have been </p>
<p>what tipped the scales in favor of Washington's abandonment of </p>
@ -318,13 +318,13 @@ government to its representations regarding the cases of </p>
<p>Americans victimized by the continuing abuses of the INRA.</p>
<p> The American posture of moderation was beginning to become, </p>
<p> The American posture of moderation was beginning to become, </p>
<p>in the face of Castro's insulting and aggressive behavior, a </p>
<p>political liability. (16)</p>
<p> The new American policy, not announced as such, but </p>
<p> The new American policy, not announced as such, but </p>
<p>implicit in the the actions of the United States government was </p>
@ -332,13 +332,13 @@ government to its representations regarding the cases of </p>
<p>short of open employment of American armed forces in Cuba.</p>
<p> It was at this time that the controversial decision was </p>
<p> It was at this time that the controversial decision was </p>
<p>taken to allow the CIA to begin recruiting and training of </p>
<p>ex-Cuban exiles for anti-Castro military service. (17)</p>
<p> Shortly after this decision, following in quick steps, </p>
<p> Shortly after this decision, following in quick steps, </p>
<p>aggressive policies both on the side of Cuba and the U.S. led </p>
@ -346,11 +346,11 @@ government to its representations regarding the cases of </p>
<p>U.S!</p>
<p> In June 1960 the U.S. started a series of economic </p>
<p> In June 1960 the U.S. started a series of economic </p>
<p>aggressions toward Cuba aimed at accelerating their downfall.</p>
<p> The first of these measures was the advice of the U.S. to </p>
<p> The first of these measures was the advice of the U.S. to </p>
<p>the oil refineries in Cuba to refuse to handle the crude </p>
@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ crude damaging the </p>
<p>is soon to be shown)</p>
<p> Upon receiving the refusal Che Gueverra, the newly </p>
<p> Upon receiving the refusal Che Gueverra, the newly </p>
<p>appointed head of the National Bank,and known anti-American, </p>
@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ crude damaging the </p>
<p>with Russia.</p>
<p> On July 6, a week after the intervention of the refineries, </p>
<p> On July 6, a week after the intervention of the refineries, </p>
<p>President Eisenhower announced that the balance of Cuba's 1960 </p>
@ -408,13 +408,13 @@ crude damaging the </p>
<p>was a major element in the calculated overthrow of Castro.</p>
<p> In addition to being an act of destroying the U.S. record </p>
<p> In addition to being an act of destroying the U.S. record </p>
<p>for statesmanship in Latin America, this forced Cuba into </p>
<p>Russia's arms and vice-versa.</p>
<p> The immediate loss to Cuba was 900,000 tons of sugar </p>
<p> The immediate loss to Cuba was 900,000 tons of sugar </p>
<p>unsold. This was valued at about $100,000,000.(19) Had the </p>
@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ crude damaging the </p>
<p>Russians." (20) And now the gift had been made.</p>
<p> Castro had announced earlier in a speech that action </p>
<p> Castro had announced earlier in a speech that action </p>
<p>against the sugar quota would cost Americans in Cuba "down to </p>
@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ the nails in their shoes" (21) Castro did his best to carry </p>
<p>therefore confiscation without compensation.</p>
<p> The Soviet Unions assumption of responsibility of Cuba's </p>
<p> The Soviet Unions assumption of responsibility of Cuba's </p>
<p>economic welfare gave the Russians a politico-military stake in </p>
@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ the nails in their shoes" (21) Castro did his best to carry </p>
<p>on the U.S. blockade.</p>
<p> On January 6, 1961, Castro formally broke relations with </p>
<p> On January 6, 1961, Castro formally broke relations with </p>
<p>the United States and ordered the staff of the U.S. embassy to </p>
@ -512,13 +512,13 @@ full scale mobilization of his armed forces to repel an </p>
<p>1960.</p>
<p> President Kennedy inherited from the Eisenhower-Nixon </p>
<p> President Kennedy inherited from the Eisenhower-Nixon </p>
<p>administration the operation that became the Bay of Pigs </p>
<p>expedition. The plan was ill conceived and a fiasco.</p>
<p> Both Theodore Sorensen and Arthur Schlesinger describe the </p>
<p> Both Theodore Sorensen and Arthur Schlesinger describe the </p>
<p>President as the victim of a process set in motion before his </p>
@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ full scale mobilization of his armed forces to repel an </p>
<p>reality." (23)</p>
<p> The fact is that Kennedy had promised to pursue a more </p>
<p> The fact is that Kennedy had promised to pursue a more </p>
<p>successful policy towards Cuba. I fail to see how the proposed </p>
@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ full scale mobilization of his armed forces to repel an </p>
<p>well armed Castroite militia!</p>
<p> As if the plan wasn't doomed from the start, the </p>
<p> As if the plan wasn't doomed from the start, the </p>
<p>information the CIA had gathered about the strength of the </p>
@ -561,13 +561,13 @@ full scale mobilization of his armed forces to repel an </p>
<p>
participation was planned, doomed the whole affair.</p>
<p> Additionally these impromptu ground rules were not relayed </p>
<p> Additionally these impromptu ground rules were not relayed </p>
<p>to the exiles by the CIA, who were expecting massive U.S. </p>
<p>military backing!</p>
<p> The exiles had their own problems; guns didn't work, ships </p>
<p> The exiles had their own problems; guns didn't work, ships </p>
<p>sank, codes for communication were wrong, the ammunition was </p>
@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ participation was planned, doomed the whole affair.</p>
<p>killed 300 and captured the remaining 1,200!</p>
<p> Many people since then have chastised Kennedy for his </p>
<p> Many people since then have chastised Kennedy for his </p>
<p>decision to pull U.S. military forces. I feel that his only </p>
@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ participation was planned, doomed the whole affair.</p>
<p>stated earlier, it seems as if he may not have had much choice.</p>
<p> I feel Kennedy showed surer instincts in this matter than </p>
<p> I feel Kennedy showed surer instincts in this matter than </p>
<p>his advisors who pleaded with him not to pull U.S. forces. For </p>
@ -617,12 +617,12 @@ participation was planned, doomed the whole affair.</p>
<p>saddled with indefinite occupation of the island.</p>
<p> Beyond its immediately damaging effects, the Bay of Pigs </p>
<p> Beyond its immediately damaging effects, the Bay of Pigs </p>
<p>
fiasco has shown itself to have far reaching consequences.</p>
<p> Washington's failure to achieve its goal in Cuba provided </p>
<p> Washington's failure to achieve its goal in Cuba provided </p>
<p>the catalyst for Russia to seek an advantage and install </p>
@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ fiasco has shown itself to have far reaching consequences.</p>
<p>1962 was the closest we have been to thermonuclear war.</p>
<p> America's gain may have been America's loss. A successful </p>
<p> America's gain may have been America's loss. A successful </p>
<p>Bay of Pigs may have brought the United States one advantage. </p>
@ -646,17 +646,17 @@ fiasco has shown itself to have far reaching consequences.</p>
<p>power, ground forces, and prestige in Vietnam.</p>
<p> Cuban troops have been a major presence as Soviet </p>
<p> Cuban troops have been a major presence as Soviet </p>
<p>surrogates all over the world, notably in Angola.</p>
<p> The threat of exportation of Castro's revolution permeates </p>
<p> The threat of exportation of Castro's revolution permeates </p>
<p>U.S.-Central and South American policy. (Witness the invasion </p>
<p>of Grenada.)</p>
<p> This fear still dominates todays headlines. For years the </p>
<p> This fear still dominates todays headlines. For years the </p>
<p>U.S. has urged support for government of El Salvador and the </p>
@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ fiasco has shown itself to have far reaching consequences.</p>
<p>one man with a cigar.</p>
<p> In concluding I would like to state my own feelings on the </p>
<p> In concluding I would like to state my own feelings on the </p>
<p>
whole affair as they formed in researching the topic. To </p>
@ -741,23 +741,23 @@ whole affair as they formed in researching the topic. To </p>
<p>the wrong kind - everything that could go wrong, di
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where you live, or what your phone number is. We are not Big Brother.</p>
where you live, or what your phone number is. We are not Big Brother.</p>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"</p>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"</p>
<p></p></xml>

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@ -1,514 +0,0 @@
<xml><p> CELINE'S LAWS
by Hagbard Celine</p>
<p> As every thinking person has noticed, our national life has
become increasingly weird and surrealistic. The waiting lines at
banks and post offices are growing longer all the time, even
though demographers tell us US population is no longer rising.
The street signs more often than not say WALK on the red and
DON"T WALK on the green. You can't get a plumber on the
weekends. Nobody has been able to explain the cattle mutilations
yet. Every survey shows that the price of consumer goods, the
number of violent crimes, and the eerie popularity of THE GONG
SHOW are ominously accelerating.
I believe I have found the explanation these distressing
trends. Needless to say, I cannot present, in a short article,
all the evidence which I have accumulated in three decades of
careful metasociological research; that will have to await the
publication of my three-volume study, "Why Everybody Is Going
Bonkers." Here I can only mention the thousands of depth
interviewws, the innumerable flowcharts and helix-matrix
equations, the vast files of computer readouts, the I CHING
divinations, and other rigorous scientific techniques used in
developing what I modestly call Celine's Laws of Chaos, Discord
and Confusion.
Celine's First Law is that National Security is the chief
cause of national insecurity!
That may sound like a paradox, but I will explain it at one.
Every secret police agency must be monitored by an elite corps
of secret-police-of-the-second-order. There are numerous reasons
for this, but three are especially noteworthy.
********************************************************************************************
NATIONAL SECURITY IS THE CHIEF CAUSE OF NATIONAL INSECURITY!!!
*******************************************************************************</p>
<p>1). Infiltration of the secret police, for the purpose of
subversion, will always be a prime goal of internal
revolutionaries. This is an ordinary part of the spy-counterspy
game. There is nothing Weather Underground would like better
than having a few agents in the FBI or CIA, for the same reasons
that the FBI or CIA would like to have a few agents in Weather
Underground.</p>
<p>2). Such infiltration will also be a prime goal of hostile
foreign powers, for the same reasons.</p>
<p> Please note that these are simple facts of the secret-police
game, well-known even to the general public, the subject of many
ingenious plots in popular spy films, and not particularly
alarming...yet. Nonetheless, the seeds of Chaos, Discord,
Confusion, and Paranoia are already here, for the simple reason
that once a human being develops the habits of worry and
suspicion, he or she finds increasing justifications for more
worry and more suspicion. For instance, Richard Q. (not his real
initial), one of my interview subjects, became concerned, after
ten years in the CIA, with the possibility of infiltration by
"extraterrestrial" agents. He was eventually retired when he
began to claim that demons in the form of dogs wanted him to
assassinate Laverne and Shirley. </p>
<p>3). Secret-police officials acquire fantastic capacities to
blackmail and intimidate others in goverment.</p>
<p> Stalin executed three chiefs of his secret police in a row,
because of this danger. One of my informants claims that every
president since the National Security Act was passed in 1947 has
learned how to have sexual intercourse without making a single
audible sound, because of the possible electronic eavesdroppers.
As Nixion says so wistfully on the Watergate transcripts, "Well,
Hoover performed. He would have fought. That was the point. He
would have defied a few people. He would have scared them to
death. HE HAS A FILE ON EVERYBODY!" <special>Caps added</special>. Thus, those
who employ secret-police organizations MUST monitor them th be
sure they are not acquiring too much power.
In the United States today, the superelite that monitors the
CIA is the National Security Agency. ( And a group called "The
Store" monitors the NSA).
Here is where a sinister infinite regress enters the game.
Any such elite, second or third order secret-police agency must
be, according to the above pragmatic and necessary rules, subject
to infiltration by native subversives or hostile foreign powers,
or to acquiring "too much power" in the opinion of its masters.
(It may even be subject, if Richard Q. was correct in his
anxieties, to extraterrestrial manipulation). And so, it, too,
must be monitored by a secret police of the third order.</p>
<p> But this third-order secret-police (such as Nixon's notorious
"plumbers", or more currently, "The Store"). is also subject to
infiltration or to acquiring too much power...and thus, with
relentless logic, the infinite regress builds. Once a goverment
has n orders of secret police spying on each other, all are
potentially suspect, and to be safe a secret police of order n+1
must be created. And so on, forever.</p>
<p>******************************************
* THUS WHO EMPLOY SECRET *
* POLICE MUST MONITOR THEM TO *
* BE SURE THEY ARE NOT ACQUIRING *
* TOO MUCH POWER. *
****************************************** </p>
<p> In practice, of course, this cannot really regress to
infinity, but only to the point where every other citizen, or
until the funding runs out, whichever comes first.</p>
<p> National Security in practice, then, must always fall short of
the logically ideal infinite regress which we have shown is
necessary to the achievement of its goal. In that gap between
the ideal of "One nation under survillance, with wiretaps and
mail covers for all" andthe strictly limited real situation of
finite funding, there is ample encouragement for paranoias of all
sorts to flourish. In short, every government that employs
secret-police agencies must grow more insecure, not more secure,
as the strength, versatility, and power of the secret-police
agencies grow.
For instance, a certain left-wing nation which has employed
secret-police agencies for 61 years has now reached the point
where the leaders are terrified of painters and poets. In
another, right-wing nation infested with secret-police agencies,
several purges have been caused by three practical jokers who
regularly call middle-rank officials on the phone and talk in
what appears to be a code. The secret police, of course, are no
fools, and are aware that this might be what it in fact is, a
form of anarchist humor; but they can't be sure.</p>
<p> What usually happens in such cases is this: an official
receives one of these mystery calls, saying perhaps "Pawn to
queen rook five. No wife, no horse, no mustache. A boy has never
wept nor dashed a thousand kim." He knows immediately that
surveillance upon him will be increased tenfold. In the next few
days, while memories of all his mistakes, small bribes,
incautious remarks, and other incriminating events haunt his
imagination, he observes the increased surveillance, and begins
to suspect even the most loyal of his subordinates of watching
him with eyes that miss nothing and to give a sinister
interpertation to everything. Within ten days, he usually
attempts to contact a foreign goverment to seek political
sanctuary, and the secret-police net closes on him.</p>
<p> By the same process of worry leading to more worry and
suspicion leading to more suspicion, the very act of joining a
ecret-police organization will eventually turn a man or woman
into a clinical paranoi; in layman's terms, "bananas" or "wigged
out." THE AGENT KNOWS WHOM HE IS SPYING ON; BUT HE NEVER KNOWS
WHO IS SPYING ON HIM! Could it be his wife, his girl friend, his
secretary, the newsboy, the Good Humor man?
For these reasons, secret-police agents develop elaborate and
complex theories to account for what is actually going on.
According to one of my tables of data, there isn't a single
theory held by professional conspiracy buffs which isn't also
believed by many members of our various secret-police agencies.
In fact, the exact percentages of believes in these extravagant
scenarios are quite similar among a group of 1,000 CIA agents and
a control group of 1,000 readers of the underground press, as
shown in table 1.</p>
<p>Table 1. True Believes in various Conspiracy Theories Among CIA
Agents and Underground-Press Readers.
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: :: :: UNDERGROUND PRESS ::
::CONSPIRACY THEORY :: CIA :: READERS ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::The Yankees (Eastern :: :: ::
::millionaires) run :: 25% :: 30% ::
::everything :: :: ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: The Cowboys(Western :: :: ::
:: millionaires) run :: 25% :: 15% ::
:: everything :: :: ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: It's the result of :: :: ::
:: civil war between :: 23% :: 17% ::
::Yankees and Cowboys :: :: ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the 33 degree :: :: ::
:: Masons :: 5% :: 5% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: It's the Jesuits :: 5% :: 5% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the Elders of Zion :: 2% :: 2% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the Military :: :: ::
::Industrial Complex :: 1% :: 2% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the Bilderbergers :: 1% :: 2% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the Gnomes of :: :: ::
:: Zurich :: 1% :: 2% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the Lesbian :: :: ::
:: Vegetarians :: 10% :: 28% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the Rock n Roll :: :: ::
:: Empire :: 2% :: 2% ::
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: </p>
<p>a). Source: Gallup, Roper, and Hogtied, "WHO'S WATCHING WHOM"
(Washington, DC: US Goverment Printing Office, 1979), p. 432.</p>
<p>b). All figures are percentages. Figures do not add to 100, for
a variety of reasons. For a list of them, please send 25 cents
and a list of suspicious persons in your neighborhood to the US
Dept. of Bedding, Washington DC 20001.</p>
<p>c). Includes those who blame it all on the Bavarian Illuminati;
those who hold a multiconspiracy theory (e.g., the Lesbian
Vegetarians are allied with the Yankees and Bilderbergers against
the Cowboys, the TV Networks, and the Cattle Mutilators); those
who believe it is all part of the UFO Cover-Up; and those who
claim that demons in the form of dogs told them it's connected
somehow with the alligators in New York's sewers.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</p>
<p>************************************
* IN RUSSIA, THE GOVERMENT IS *
* TERRIFIED OF PAINTERS AND POETS! *
************************************</p>
<p> Now, Table 1 clearly gives a picture of a rather schizzed-out
nation. This is the result of the impossible infinite regress
and its resultant of worry leading to more worry.
Furthermore, if there is a secret police at all, in any nation
you care to imagine, every branch and department of that
country's government becomes suspect, in the eyes of cautious and
intelligent people, as a possible front or funnel to the secret
police. (That is, the more shrewd citizens will recognize that
something titled a branch of the HEW or even PTA might actually
be run by the CIA). Inevitably, the government as a whole, and
many nongovernmental agencies, will be regarded by reasonable
persons with fear and trepidation. Proverbs like "One can't be
too careful these days" and "Better safe than sorry" become a
kind of sinister folk wisdom.</p>
<p> But further yet: any government which already has a secret
police (and a secret police monitoring the secret police, etc).
will become alarmed on observing that its more hip and
intelligent citizens now regard it with loathing and misgivings.
The government will therefore increase the size and powers of the
secret police. This is the only rational move, within the
context of the secret-police game.</p>
<p>******************************
* SOMETHING PASSING AS A *
* BRANCH OF HEW MIGHT BE A *
* FRONT FOR THE CIA! *
****************************** </p>
<p> (The only alternative was once suggested sarcastically by
playwright Bert Brecht, who said, "If the government doesn't
trust the people, why does'nt it dissovle them and elect new
people?" No way has yet been invented to elect a new people; so
the police state will instead spy on the existing people even
more vigorously).
This, of course, creates additional paranoia in both the
governors and the citizens, because a suffciently pugnacious
secret police will eventually "have a file on everybody,"
including its own creators. This leads to another infinite
regress: the more people will loathe the government, the more
power will be given to the secret police.
Thus, whether any of the hypothetical conspiracies mentioned
earlier really exist or not, a system of clandestine goverment
inevitably produces, in both the rulers and the ruled, a mood of
paranoia in which such conspiracy theories flourish.
This escalating sense of suspiciousness is accelerated by the
fact that every secret-police organization engages in both the
collection of information and the production misinformation.
That is, you score points in the secret-police game both by
hoarding signals (information units)---that is, by hiding facts
from competitive players---and by foisting false signals (fake
information units) on the other players. This creates the
situation which I call Optimum Fuckup, in which every participant
has rational (not neurotic) cause to suspect that every other
player may be attempting to deceive him, gull him, con him, dupe
him, and generally misinform him. As Henry Kissinger is rumored
to have said, "Anybody in Washington these days who isn't
paranoid is crazy!"
One could generalize the remark: anyone in the United States
today who isn't paranoid must be crazy!!!</p>
<p>**********************************
* "IF THE GOVERMENT DOESN'T *
* TRUST THE PEOPLE, WHY DOESN'T *
* IT DISSOLVE THEM AND ELECT A *
* NEW PEOPLE?" *
**********************************</p>
<p> The deliberate production of misinformation (or, as
intelligence agencies more euphemistically call it,
disinformation) creates a situation profoundly disorienting to
the philosopher, the scientist, and the ordinary Joe who wants to
know the best time to go to the bank. The desire to discover
"what-the-hell-is-really-going-on" (the definition of science
offered by physicist Saul-Paul Sirag) is totally incompatible
with the circulation of disinformation; we all need to know, at
least roughly, what the hell is really going on if we are not to
stumble around like blind robots colliding with things we weren't
told were there.
Maybe the UFO's really exist---or maybe the whole UFO
phenomenon is a cover for an intelligence operation. Maybe there
are black holes where space and time implode---or maybe the
entire black-hole cosmology was created to befuddle and mislead
Russian scientists. Maybe Jimmy Carter really exists---or maybe
he is, as the National Lampoon claims, an actor named Sidney
Goldfarb specially trained to project the down-home virtues that
the American people nostalgically seek. Perhaps only three men
at the top of the National Security Angency REALLY know the
answers to these questions---or perhaps those three are being
deceived by certain subordinates (as Lyndon Johnson was deceived
by the CIA about Vietnam) and are as disoriented as the rest of
us. Such is the logic of a Disinformation Matrix.
Personally, I find it easier to believe in UFO's than in black
holes or Jimmy Carter; but that may just indicate the damage to
my own brain caused by the Optimum Fuckup of the Disinformation
Matrix.
According to a recent survey 19 per cent of the population
believe the moon landings were faked by Stanley Kubrick and a
gang of special effects experts. Perhaps these archskeptics are
the sanest ones left among us. Who among the readers of this
file has a security clearance high enough to be ABSOLUTELY sure
that these ultraparanoids are wrong?</p>
<p> This general tendency toward chaos discord, and confusion,
once a secret police has been established, is complicated and
accelerated by Celine's Second Law, to wit: "Accurate
communication is only possible in a nonpunishing situation."
This is a very simple statement of the obvious, and means no more
than that everybody tends to lie a little, to flatter or to
protect themselves, when dealing with those who have power over
them, especially the power to punish. (this is why communication
between parents and children is notoriously befoolzled).
Every authoritarian structure can be visualized as a pyramid,
with very few at the top and very many at the bottom, as in the
flowchart of any corperation or bureaucracy. On each rung,
participants bear a burden of nescience in relation to those
above them. That is, they must be very, very careful that their
natural sensory activities as conscious organisms---the acts of
seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, feeling, drawing inferences
from perception, etc.---be in accord with the wishes of those
above them. This is absolutely vital; job security depends on
it. It is much less important---a luxury that can easily be
discarded---that these perceptions be in accord with actual
reality.</p>
<p>*************************
* COMMUNICATION IS ONLY *
* BETWEEN EQUALS. *
*************************</p>
<p> For instance, in the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover, the agent had
to develop the capacity to see godless communists everywhere.
Any agent whose perceptions indicated that there were actually
very few godless communists anywhere in this country wold
experience what psychologists call cognitive dissonance: his or
her reality grid was at variance with the official reality grid
of the pyramidal authority structure. To talk about such
divergent perceptions at all would be to invite suspicions of
eccentricity, of intellectual wiseacreing, or of being oneself a
godless communist. The same would apply to any Dominican
Inquisitor of earlier centuries who lacked the capacity to see
witches everywhere. In such authoritarian situations, it is
important to see what the authorities see; it is inconvenient,
and possibly dangerous, to see what is actually there.
But this leads to an equal and opposite burden of omniscience
on those at the top, in the Eye of the authoritarian pyramid.
All that is forbidden to those at the bottom---the conscious
activities of perception andand evaluation---is demanded of the
master classes, the elite and the super-elite. They must attempt
to do the seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, feeling, thinking,
and decisionmaking for the whole society.
But a man with a gun (the power to punish) is told only what
his target thinks will not cause him to pull the trigger. The
elite, with their burden of omniscience, face the underlings,
with their burden nescience, and receive only the feedback
consistent with their own preconceived notions. The burden of
omniscience becomes, in short, another and more complex burden of
nescience. Nobody really knows anything anymore, or if they do,
they are careful to hide the fact.
As the national security paradigm approaches (or attempts to
approach) the ideal infinite regress of spies-spying-on-spies-
spying-on-spies, etc., the resultant general trepidation causes
all persons to hide anything they know (if it differs from the
official reality), not only from their superiors, but from peers
and inferiors as well. Anybody, after all, might be part of the
nth-degree secret police. "One can't be too careful these days."
The burden of nescience becomes omnipresent. More and more of
reality becomes unspeakable.
But as Freud noted, that which is objectively repressed
(unspeakable) soon becomes subjectively repressed (unthinkable).
Nobody likes to feel like a coward and a liar constantly. It is
easier to cease to notice where the official reality grid differs
from sensed experience. Thus Optimun Fuckup gradually becomes
Terminal Fuckup, and rigiditus bureaucraticus sets in; this is
the last stage before all brain activity ceases, and the society
is intellectually dead.
Celine's Third Law is like unto the first two, and holds that
AN HONEST politician is a national calamity.
At first glance, this seems preposterous. People of all
shades of opinion agree that at least on the axiom that we need
more honest politicians, not more crooked ones. Please remember,
however, that people of all shades of opinion once agreed that
the Earth is flat.
Your typical dishonest politician (bocca grande normalis) is
interested only in enriching himself at the public expense, a
goal he shares with most of his fellow citizens, especially
doctors and lawyers. This is normal behavior for our primate
species, and society has always been able to endure and survive
it.
********************************
* NOBODY KNOWS ANYTHING, OR IF *
* THEY DO, THEY ARE CAREFUL TO *
* HIDE THE FACT! *
********************************</p>
<p> An honest politician (bocca grande giganticus) is far more
dangerous. He or she is sincerley commited to bettering society
by political action. In practice, that means by writing and
enacting more laws. Indeed, many groups of idealistic citizens
publish rating sheets on politicians every year, and those who
have created more laws are estimated as having higher value than
those who are frequently absent when bills are voted upon. The
assumption is that adding more laws to statute books is a
positive achievement, like adding more money to our paychecks or
more art works to a museum.
A little thought, however, shows that this assumption is not
tenable. Every law creates a whole new criminal class; for
instance, when marijuana was illegalized in 1937, several hundred
thousand formerly law-abiding citizens became criminals
overnight, by Act of Congress. As more and more laws are passed,
more and more citizens become criminals. The chief cause of the
rising crime rate is the rising number of laws being enacted. An
honest politician, who keeps his nose to the grindstone and
enacts several hundered laws in the course of his career, thereby
produces as many as several million new criminals. </p>
<p> It is furthermore mathematically demonstrable that the more
laws there are, the more restrictions there are on the freedom of
the individual. If there were, say, only three laws in a given
society---e.g., Thou shalt not kill; thau shalt not steal; thou
shalt not lie or defraud---there would be only three restrictions
on freedom, which all rational persons would accept as obviously
necessary to the maintenance of order. When there are several
hundred thousand restrictions on freedom, most of which are felt
as extremely irksome by large segments of the populace.
In fact, it would take a brigade of lawyers several weeks,
minutely examining your affairs, to determine if you are a
criminal. Certainly, no ordinary citizen has the time or
research facilities to discover if he or sshe is in violation of
one out of skillions of laws currently on our statute books. In
many cases, two lawyers consulted independently will give
opposite opinions about whether or not a given course of action
is in violation of the statutes.
And new laws are being enacted all the time. Obviously,
unless there is a sudden paper shortage, the number of laws on
the books will eventually reach the point satirized by T.H.White,
in which "everything not prohibited is compulsory." It would
then probably only take a few years or decades more for a cadre
of honest politicians diligently writing even more laws to reach
the complementary point where "everything not compulsory is
prohibited."
*********************************
* EVERY LAW CREATES A WHOLE *
* NEW CRIMINAL CLASS OVERNIGHT! *
*********************************</p>
<p> At that stage the nightmare world of Orwell's 1984 will be
achieved. Crooked politicians, merely interested in the normal
human activity of making themselves rich and comfortable, could
never create that ultimate horror; but honest and idealistic
politicians bring us closer to it every day, with every new law
they enact.
These three generalizations---that national security produces
national insecurity; that authoritarianism produces
miscommunication and eventual idiocy; and that honest politicians
are a plague upon society---will be found to fully explain the
Decline and Fall of Rome, the Decline and Fall of the British
Empire, and the Decline and Fall of any country you care to name.
They are as universal as Newton's laws of motion and apply to
ALL cases. Of course, the American Sociological Association says
I am mad. Mad, am I? They said the Wright Brothers were mad.
They said Edison was mad. They said Baron Frankenstein was
mad...</p>
<p>HABARD CELINE was trained in contract law and naval engineering
but claims he acquired his real education playing the piano in a
whorehouse. He is captain of the world's largest yellow
submarine, the Leif Erikson, and president of Gold and Appel
Inc., an import-export firm that has frequently aroused the
suspicions of law enforcement agencies ("137 arrests and no
convictions," Hagbard brags). Some claim that he is a master of
disguise and has successfully passed himself off under such
alternative identities as Howard Cork, Carl Cory, Hugh Crane,
Clutch Cargo, Captain Nemo, etc., and has appeared in countless
epics and sagas.
I am mad. </p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron 415-935-5845
Just Say Yes 415-922-2008
Rat Head 415-524-3649
Cheez Whiz 408-363-9766</p>
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
arcane knowledge, political extremism, diversive sexuality,
insane speculation, and wild rumours. ALL-TEXT BBS SYSTEMS.</p>
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
where you live, or what your phone number is. We are not Big Brother.</p>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"</p>
<p></xml>

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@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
<xml><p> CELINE'S LAWS
by Hagbard Celine</p>
<xml><p> CELINE'S LAWS
by Hagbard Celine</p>
<p> As every thinking person has noticed, our national life has
<p> As every thinking person has noticed, our national life has
become increasingly weird and surrealistic. The waiting lines at
banks and post offices are growing longer all the time, even
though demographers tell us US population is no longer rising.
The street signs more often than not say WALK on the red and
DON"T WALK on the green. You can't get a plumber on the
weekends. Nobody has been able to explain the cattle mutilations
yet. Every survey shows that the price of consumer goods, the
yet. Every survey shows that the price of consumer goods, the
number of violent crimes, and the eerie popularity of THE GONG
SHOW are ominously accelerating.
I believe I have found the explanation these distressing
trends. Needless to say, I cannot present, in a short article,
I believe I have found the explanation these distressing
trends. Needless to say, I cannot present, in a short article,
all the evidence which I have accumulated in three decades of
careful metasociological research; that will have to await the
publication of my three-volume study, "Why Everybody Is Going
Bonkers." Here I can only mention the thousands of depth
interviewws, the innumerable flowcharts and helix-matrix
Bonkers." Here I can only mention the thousands of depth
interviewws, the innumerable flowcharts and helix-matrix
equations, the vast files of computer readouts, the I CHING
divinations, and other rigorous scientific techniques used in
developing what I modestly call Celine's Laws of Chaos, Discord
and Confusion.
Celine's First Law is that National Security is the chief
Celine's First Law is that National Security is the chief
cause of national insecurity!
That may sound like a paradox, but I will explain it at one.
Every secret police agency must be monitored by an elite corps
Every secret police agency must be monitored by an elite corps
of secret-police-of-the-second-order. There are numerous reasons
for this, but three are especially noteworthy.
********************************************************************************************
@ -33,34 +33,34 @@ NATIONAL SECURITY IS THE CHIEF CAUSE OF NATIONAL INSECURITY!!!
*******************************************************************************</p>
<p>1). Infiltration of the secret police, for the purpose of
subversion, will always be a prime goal of internal
subversion, will always be a prime goal of internal
revolutionaries. This is an ordinary part of the spy-counterspy
game. There is nothing Weather Underground would like better
game. There is nothing Weather Underground would like better
than having a few agents in the FBI or CIA, for the same reasons
that the FBI or CIA would like to have a few agents in Weather
Underground.</p>
<p>2). Such infiltration will also be a prime goal of hostile
<p>2). Such infiltration will also be a prime goal of hostile
foreign powers, for the same reasons.</p>
<p> Please note that these are simple facts of the secret-police
<p> Please note that these are simple facts of the secret-police
game, well-known even to the general public, the subject of many
ingenious plots in popular spy films, and not particularly
alarming...yet. Nonetheless, the seeds of Chaos, Discord,
alarming...yet. Nonetheless, the seeds of Chaos, Discord,
Confusion, and Paranoia are already here, for the simple reason
that once a human being develops the habits of worry and
suspicion, he or she finds increasing justifications for more
worry and more suspicion. For instance, Richard Q. (not his real
initial), one of my interview subjects, became concerned, after
ten years in the CIA, with the possibility of infiltration by
"extraterrestrial" agents. He was eventually retired when he
"extraterrestrial" agents. He was eventually retired when he
began to claim that demons in the form of dogs wanted him to
assassinate Laverne and Shirley. </p>
<p>3). Secret-police officials acquire fantastic capacities to
<p>3). Secret-police officials acquire fantastic capacities to
blackmail and intimidate others in goverment.</p>
<p> Stalin executed three chiefs of his secret police in a row,
<p> Stalin executed three chiefs of his secret police in a row,
because of this danger. One of my informants claims that every
president since the National Security Act was passed in 1947 has
learned how to have sexual intercourse without making a single
@ -68,13 +68,13 @@ audible sound, because of the possible electronic eavesdroppers.
As Nixion says so wistfully on the Watergate transcripts, "Well,
Hoover performed. He would have fought. That was the point. He
would have defied a few people. He would have scared them to
death. HE HAS A FILE ON EVERYBODY!" <special>Caps added</special>. Thus, those
death. HE HAS A FILE ON EVERYBODY!" <special>Caps added</special>. Thus, those
who employ secret-police organizations MUST monitor them th be
sure they are not acquiring too much power.
In the United States today, the superelite that monitors the
In the United States today, the superelite that monitors the
CIA is the National Security Agency. ( And a group called "The
Store" monitors the NSA).
Here is where a sinister infinite regress enters the game.
Here is where a sinister infinite regress enters the game.
Any such elite, second or third order secret-police agency must
be, according to the above pragmatic and necessary rules, subject
to infiltration by native subversives or hostile foreign powers,
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ or to acquiring "too much power" in the opinion of its masters.
anxieties, to extraterrestrial manipulation). And so, it, too,
must be monitored by a secret police of the third order.</p>
<p> But this third-order secret-police (such as Nixon's notorious
<p> But this third-order secret-police (such as Nixon's notorious
"plumbers", or more currently, "The Store"). is also subject to
infiltration or to acquiring too much power...and thus, with
relentless logic, the infinite regress builds. Once a goverment
@ -92,29 +92,29 @@ potentially suspect, and to be safe a secret police of order n+1
must be created. And so on, forever.</p>
<p>******************************************
* THUS WHO EMPLOY SECRET *
* POLICE MUST MONITOR THEM TO *
* BE SURE THEY ARE NOT ACQUIRING *
* TOO MUCH POWER. *
****************************************** </p>
* THUS WHO EMPLOY SECRET *
* POLICE MUST MONITOR THEM TO *
* BE SURE THEY ARE NOT ACQUIRING *
* TOO MUCH POWER. *
****************************************** </p>
<p> In practice, of course, this cannot really regress to
<p> In practice, of course, this cannot really regress to
infinity, but only to the point where every other citizen, or
until the funding runs out, whichever comes first.</p>
<p> National Security in practice, then, must always fall short of
<p> National Security in practice, then, must always fall short of
the logically ideal infinite regress which we have shown is
necessary to the achievement of its goal. In that gap between
the ideal of "One nation under survillance, with wiretaps and
mail covers for all" andthe strictly limited real situation of
finite funding, there is ample encouragement for paranoias of all
sorts to flourish. In short, every government that employs
sorts to flourish. In short, every government that employs
secret-police agencies must grow more insecure, not more secure,
as the strength, versatility, and power of the secret-police
agencies grow.
For instance, a certain left-wing nation which has employed
For instance, a certain left-wing nation which has employed
secret-police agencies for 61 years has now reached the point
where the leaders are terrified of painters and poets. In
where the leaders are terrified of painters and poets. In
another, right-wing nation infested with secret-police agencies,
several purges have been caused by three practical jokers who
regularly call middle-rank officials on the phone and talk in
@ -122,28 +122,28 @@ what appears to be a code. The secret police, of course, are no
fools, and are aware that this might be what it in fact is, a
form of anarchist humor; but they can't be sure.</p>
<p> What usually happens in such cases is this: an official
<p> What usually happens in such cases is this: an official
receives one of these mystery calls, saying perhaps "Pawn to
queen rook five. No wife, no horse, no mustache. A boy has never
wept nor dashed a thousand kim." He knows immediately that
surveillance upon him will be increased tenfold. In the next few
days, while memories of all his mistakes, small bribes,
days, while memories of all his mistakes, small bribes,
incautious remarks, and other incriminating events haunt his
imagination, he observes the increased surveillance, and begins
to suspect even the most loyal of his subordinates of watching
him with eyes that miss nothing and to give a sinister
interpertation to everything. Within ten days, he usually
him with eyes that miss nothing and to give a sinister
interpertation to everything. Within ten days, he usually
attempts to contact a foreign goverment to seek political
sanctuary, and the secret-police net closes on him.</p>
<p> By the same process of worry leading to more worry and
<p> By the same process of worry leading to more worry and
suspicion leading to more suspicion, the very act of joining a
ecret-police organization will eventually turn a man or woman
into a clinical paranoi; in layman's terms, "bananas" or "wigged
out." THE AGENT KNOWS WHOM HE IS SPYING ON; BUT HE NEVER KNOWS
out." THE AGENT KNOWS WHOM HE IS SPYING ON; BUT HE NEVER KNOWS
WHO IS SPYING ON HIM! Could it be his wife, his girl friend, his
secretary, the newsboy, the Good Humor man?
For these reasons, secret-police agents develop elaborate and
For these reasons, secret-police agents develop elaborate and
complex theories to account for what is actually going on.
According to one of my tables of data, there isn't a single
theory held by professional conspiracy buffs which isn't also
@ -156,42 +156,42 @@ shown in table 1.</p>
<p>Table 1. True Believes in various Conspiracy Theories Among CIA
Agents and Underground-Press Readers.
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: :: :: UNDERGROUND PRESS ::
::CONSPIRACY THEORY :: CIA :: READERS ::
:: :: :: UNDERGROUND PRESS ::
::CONSPIRACY THEORY :: CIA :: READERS ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::The Yankees (Eastern :: :: ::
::millionaires) run :: 25% :: 30% ::
::everything :: :: ::
::The Yankees (Eastern :: :: ::
::millionaires) run :: 25% :: 30% ::
::everything :: :: ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: The Cowboys(Western :: :: ::
:: millionaires) run :: 25% :: 15% ::
:: everything :: :: ::
:: The Cowboys(Western :: :: ::
:: millionaires) run :: 25% :: 15% ::
:: everything :: :: ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: It's the result of :: :: ::
:: civil war between :: 23% :: 17% ::
::Yankees and Cowboys :: :: ::
:: It's the result of :: :: ::
:: civil war between :: 23% :: 17% ::
::Yankees and Cowboys :: :: ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the 33 degree :: :: ::
:: Masons :: 5% :: 5% ::
::It's the 33 degree :: :: ::
:: Masons :: 5% :: 5% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: It's the Jesuits :: 5% :: 5% ::
:: It's the Jesuits :: 5% :: 5% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the Elders of Zion :: 2% :: 2% ::
::It's the Elders of Zion :: 2% :: 2% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the Military :: :: ::
::Industrial Complex :: 1% :: 2% ::
::It's the Military :: :: ::
::Industrial Complex :: 1% :: 2% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the Bilderbergers :: 1% :: 2% ::
::It's the Bilderbergers :: 1% :: 2% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the Gnomes of :: :: ::
:: Zurich :: 1% :: 2% ::
::It's the Gnomes of :: :: ::
:: Zurich :: 1% :: 2% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the Lesbian :: :: ::
:: Vegetarians :: 10% :: 28% ::
::It's the Lesbian :: :: ::
:: Vegetarians :: 10% :: 28% ::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::It's the Rock n Roll :: :: ::
:: Empire :: 2% :: 2% ::
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: </p>
::It's the Rock n Roll :: :: ::
:: Empire :: 2% :: 2% ::
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: </p>
<p>a). Source: Gallup, Roper, and Hogtied, "WHO'S WATCHING WHOM"
(Washington, DC: US Goverment Printing Office, 1979), p. 432.</p>
@ -212,18 +212,18 @@ somehow with the alligators in New York's sewers.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</p>
<p>************************************
* IN RUSSIA, THE GOVERMENT IS *
* IN RUSSIA, THE GOVERMENT IS *
* TERRIFIED OF PAINTERS AND POETS! *
************************************</p>
<p> Now, Table 1 clearly gives a picture of a rather schizzed-out
nation. This is the result of the impossible infinite regress
<p> Now, Table 1 clearly gives a picture of a rather schizzed-out
nation. This is the result of the impossible infinite regress
and its resultant of worry leading to more worry.
Furthermore, if there is a secret police at all, in any nation
Furthermore, if there is a secret police at all, in any nation
you care to imagine, every branch and department of that
country's government becomes suspect, in the eyes of cautious and
intelligent people, as a possible front or funnel to the secret
police. (That is, the more shrewd citizens will recognize that
police. (That is, the more shrewd citizens will recognize that
something titled a branch of the HEW or even PTA might actually
be run by the CIA). Inevitably, the government as a whole, and
many nongovernmental agencies, will be regarded by reasonable
@ -231,61 +231,61 @@ persons with fear and trepidation. Proverbs like "One can't be
too careful these days" and "Better safe than sorry" become a
kind of sinister folk wisdom.</p>
<p> But further yet: any government which already has a secret
<p> But further yet: any government which already has a secret
police (and a secret police monitoring the secret police, etc).
will become alarmed on observing that its more hip and
will become alarmed on observing that its more hip and
intelligent citizens now regard it with loathing and misgivings.
The government will therefore increase the size and powers of the
secret police. This is the only rational move, within the
secret police. This is the only rational move, within the
context of the secret-police game.</p>
<p>******************************
* SOMETHING PASSING AS A *
* BRANCH OF HEW MIGHT BE A *
* FRONT FOR THE CIA! *
* SOMETHING PASSING AS A *
* BRANCH OF HEW MIGHT BE A *
* FRONT FOR THE CIA! *
****************************** </p>
<p> (The only alternative was once suggested sarcastically by
<p> (The only alternative was once suggested sarcastically by
playwright Bert Brecht, who said, "If the government doesn't
trust the people, why does'nt it dissovle them and elect new
people?" No way has yet been invented to elect a new people; so
the police state will instead spy on the existing people even
more vigorously).
This, of course, creates additional paranoia in both the
This, of course, creates additional paranoia in both the
governors and the citizens, because a suffciently pugnacious
secret police will eventually "have a file on everybody,"
including its own creators. This leads to another infinite
regress: the more people will loathe the government, the more
power will be given to the secret police.
Thus, whether any of the hypothetical conspiracies mentioned
Thus, whether any of the hypothetical conspiracies mentioned
earlier really exist or not, a system of clandestine goverment
inevitably produces, in both the rulers and the ruled, a mood of
paranoia in which such conspiracy theories flourish.
This escalating sense of suspiciousness is accelerated by the
This escalating sense of suspiciousness is accelerated by the
fact that every secret-police organization engages in both the
collection of information and the production misinformation.
That is, you score points in the secret-police game both by
hoarding signals (information units)---that is, by hiding facts
from competitive players---and by foisting false signals (fake
information units) on the other players. This creates the
information units) on the other players. This creates the
situation which I call Optimum Fuckup, in which every participant
has rational (not neurotic) cause to suspect that every other
player may be attempting to deceive him, gull him, con him, dupe
him, and generally misinform him. As Henry Kissinger is rumored
to have said, "Anybody in Washington these days who isn't
paranoid is crazy!"
One could generalize the remark: anyone in the United States
One could generalize the remark: anyone in the United States
today who isn't paranoid must be crazy!!!</p>
<p>**********************************
* "IF THE GOVERMENT DOESN'T *
* "IF THE GOVERMENT DOESN'T *
* TRUST THE PEOPLE, WHY DOESN'T *
* IT DISSOLVE THEM AND ELECT A *
* NEW PEOPLE?" *
* IT DISSOLVE THEM AND ELECT A *
* NEW PEOPLE?" *
**********************************</p>
<p> The deliberate production of misinformation (or, as
intelligence agencies more euphemistically call it,
<p> The deliberate production of misinformation (or, as
intelligence agencies more euphemistically call it,
disinformation) creates a situation profoundly disorienting to
the philosopher, the scientist, and the ordinary Joe who wants to
know the best time to go to the bank. The desire to discover
@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ with the circulation of disinformation; we all need to know, at
least roughly, what the hell is really going on if we are not to
stumble around like blind robots colliding with things we weren't
told were there.
Maybe the UFO's really exist---or maybe the whole UFO
Maybe the UFO's really exist---or maybe the whole UFO
phenomenon is a cover for an intelligence operation. Maybe there
are black holes where space and time implode---or maybe the
entire black-hole cosmology was created to befuddle and mislead
@ -308,74 +308,74 @@ answers to these questions---or perhaps those three are being
deceived by certain subordinates (as Lyndon Johnson was deceived
by the CIA about Vietnam) and are as disoriented as the rest of
us. Such is the logic of a Disinformation Matrix.
Personally, I find it easier to believe in UFO's than in black
Personally, I find it easier to believe in UFO's than in black
holes or Jimmy Carter; but that may just indicate the damage to
my own brain caused by the Optimum Fuckup of the Disinformation
Matrix.
According to a recent survey 19 per cent of the population
According to a recent survey 19 per cent of the population
believe the moon landings were faked by Stanley Kubrick and a
gang of special effects experts. Perhaps these archskeptics are
the sanest ones left among us. Who among the readers of this
file has a security clearance high enough to be ABSOLUTELY sure
that these ultraparanoids are wrong?</p>
<p> This general tendency toward chaos discord, and confusion,
<p> This general tendency toward chaos discord, and confusion,
once a secret police has been established, is complicated and
accelerated by Celine's Second Law, to wit: "Accurate
accelerated by Celine's Second Law, to wit: "Accurate
communication is only possible in a nonpunishing situation."
This is a very simple statement of the obvious, and means no more
than that everybody tends to lie a little, to flatter or to
protect themselves, when dealing with those who have power over
them, especially the power to punish. (this is why communication
between parents and children is notoriously befoolzled).
Every authoritarian structure can be visualized as a pyramid,
Every authoritarian structure can be visualized as a pyramid,
with very few at the top and very many at the bottom, as in the
flowchart of any corperation or bureaucracy. On each rung,
flowchart of any corperation or bureaucracy. On each rung,
participants bear a burden of nescience in relation to those
above them. That is, they must be very, very careful that their
natural sensory activities as conscious organisms---the acts of
seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, feeling, drawing inferences
from perception, etc.---be in accord with the wishes of those
above them. This is absolutely vital; job security depends on
it. It is much less important---a luxury that can easily be
it. It is much less important---a luxury that can easily be
discarded---that these perceptions be in accord with actual
reality.</p>
<p>*************************
* COMMUNICATION IS ONLY *
* BETWEEN EQUALS. *
* BETWEEN EQUALS. *
*************************</p>
<p> For instance, in the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover, the agent had
<p> For instance, in the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover, the agent had
to develop the capacity to see godless communists everywhere.
Any agent whose perceptions indicated that there were actually
very few godless communists anywhere in this country wold
experience what psychologists call cognitive dissonance: his or
her reality grid was at variance with the official reality grid
of the pyramidal authority structure. To talk about such
of the pyramidal authority structure. To talk about such
divergent perceptions at all would be to invite suspicions of
eccentricity, of intellectual wiseacreing, or of being oneself a
godless communist. The same would apply to any Dominican
godless communist. The same would apply to any Dominican
Inquisitor of earlier centuries who lacked the capacity to see
witches everywhere. In such authoritarian situations, it is
witches everywhere. In such authoritarian situations, it is
important to see what the authorities see; it is inconvenient,
and possibly dangerous, to see what is actually there.
But this leads to an equal and opposite burden of omniscience
But this leads to an equal and opposite burden of omniscience
on those at the top, in the Eye of the authoritarian pyramid.
All that is forbidden to those at the bottom---the conscious
activities of perception andand evaluation---is demanded of the
master classes, the elite and the super-elite. They must attempt
to do the seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, feeling, thinking,
and decisionmaking for the whole society.
But a man with a gun (the power to punish) is told only what
his target thinks will not cause him to pull the trigger. The
But a man with a gun (the power to punish) is told only what
his target thinks will not cause him to pull the trigger. The
elite, with their burden of omniscience, face the underlings,
with their burden nescience, and receive only the feedback
consistent with their own preconceived notions. The burden of
omniscience becomes, in short, another and more complex burden of
nescience. Nobody really knows anything anymore, or if they do,
they are careful to hide the fact.
As the national security paradigm approaches (or attempts to
As the national security paradigm approaches (or attempts to
approach) the ideal infinite regress of spies-spying-on-spies-
spying-on-spies, etc., the resultant general trepidation causes
all persons to hide anything they know (if it differs from the
@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ and inferiors as well. Anybody, after all, might be part of the
nth-degree secret police. "One can't be too careful these days."
The burden of nescience becomes omnipresent. More and more of
reality becomes unspeakable.
But as Freud noted, that which is objectively repressed
But as Freud noted, that which is objectively repressed
(unspeakable) soon becomes subjectively repressed (unthinkable).
Nobody likes to feel like a coward and a liar constantly. It is
easier to cease to notice where the official reality grid differs
@ -392,14 +392,14 @@ from sensed experience. Thus Optimun Fuckup gradually becomes
Terminal Fuckup, and rigiditus bureaucraticus sets in; this is
the last stage before all brain activity ceases, and the society
is intellectually dead.
Celine's Third Law is like unto the first two, and holds that
Celine's Third Law is like unto the first two, and holds that
AN HONEST politician is a national calamity.
At first glance, this seems preposterous. People of all
At first glance, this seems preposterous. People of all
shades of opinion agree that at least on the axiom that we need
more honest politicians, not more crooked ones. Please remember,
however, that people of all shades of opinion once agreed that
the Earth is flat.
Your typical dishonest politician (bocca grande normalis) is
Your typical dishonest politician (bocca grande normalis) is
interested only in enriching himself at the public expense, a
goal he shares with most of his fellow citizens, especially
doctors and lawyers. This is normal behavior for our primate
@ -409,31 +409,31 @@ it.
********************************
* NOBODY KNOWS ANYTHING, OR IF *
* THEY DO, THEY ARE CAREFUL TO *
* HIDE THE FACT! *
* HIDE THE FACT! *
********************************</p>
<p> An honest politician (bocca grande giganticus) is far more
<p> An honest politician (bocca grande giganticus) is far more
dangerous. He or she is sincerley commited to bettering society
by political action. In practice, that means by writing and
enacting more laws. Indeed, many groups of idealistic citizens
publish rating sheets on politicians every year, and those who
have created more laws are estimated as having higher value than
those who are frequently absent when bills are voted upon. The
those who are frequently absent when bills are voted upon. The
assumption is that adding more laws to statute books is a
positive achievement, like adding more money to our paychecks or
more art works to a museum.
A little thought, however, shows that this assumption is not
tenable. Every law creates a whole new criminal class; for
A little thought, however, shows that this assumption is not
tenable. Every law creates a whole new criminal class; for
instance, when marijuana was illegalized in 1937, several hundred
thousand formerly law-abiding citizens became criminals
thousand formerly law-abiding citizens became criminals
overnight, by Act of Congress. As more and more laws are passed,
more and more citizens become criminals. The chief cause of the
rising crime rate is the rising number of laws being enacted. An
honest politician, who keeps his nose to the grindstone and
honest politician, who keeps his nose to the grindstone and
enacts several hundered laws in the course of his career, thereby
produces as many as several million new criminals. </p>
produces as many as several million new criminals. </p>
<p> It is furthermore mathematically demonstrable that the more
<p> It is furthermore mathematically demonstrable that the more
laws there are, the more restrictions there are on the freedom of
the individual. If there were, say, only three laws in a given
society---e.g., Thou shalt not kill; thau shalt not steal; thou
@ -442,36 +442,36 @@ on freedom, which all rational persons would accept as obviously
necessary to the maintenance of order. When there are several
hundred thousand restrictions on freedom, most of which are felt
as extremely irksome by large segments of the populace.
In fact, it would take a brigade of lawyers several weeks,
In fact, it would take a brigade of lawyers several weeks,
minutely examining your affairs, to determine if you are a
criminal. Certainly, no ordinary citizen has the time or
criminal. Certainly, no ordinary citizen has the time or
research facilities to discover if he or sshe is in violation of
one out of skillions of laws currently on our statute books. In
many cases, two lawyers consulted independently will give
one out of skillions of laws currently on our statute books. In
many cases, two lawyers consulted independently will give
opposite opinions about whether or not a given course of action
is in violation of the statutes.
And new laws are being enacted all the time. Obviously,
And new laws are being enacted all the time. Obviously,
unless there is a sudden paper shortage, the number of laws on
the books will eventually reach the point satirized by T.H.White,
in which "everything not prohibited is compulsory." It would
in which "everything not prohibited is compulsory." It would
then probably only take a few years or decades more for a cadre
of honest politicians diligently writing even more laws to reach
the complementary point where "everything not compulsory is
prohibited."
*********************************
* EVERY LAW CREATES A WHOLE *
* EVERY LAW CREATES A WHOLE *
* NEW CRIMINAL CLASS OVERNIGHT! *
*********************************</p>
<p> At that stage the nightmare world of Orwell's 1984 will be
achieved. Crooked politicians, merely interested in the normal
<p> At that stage the nightmare world of Orwell's 1984 will be
achieved. Crooked politicians, merely interested in the normal
human activity of making themselves rich and comfortable, could
never create that ultimate horror; but honest and idealistic
politicians bring us closer to it every day, with every new law
they enact.
These three generalizations---that national security produces
national insecurity; that authoritarianism produces
These three generalizations---that national security produces
national insecurity; that authoritarianism produces
miscommunication and eventual idiocy; and that honest politicians
are a plague upon society---will be found to fully explain the
Decline and Fall of Rome, the Decline and Fall of the British
@ -484,9 +484,9 @@ mad...</p>
<p>HABARD CELINE was trained in contract law and naval engineering
but claims he acquired his real education playing the piano in a
whorehouse. He is captain of the world's largest yellow
whorehouse. He is captain of the world's largest yellow
submarine, the Leif Erikson, and president of Gold and Appel
Inc., an import-export firm that has frequently aroused the
Inc., an import-export firm that has frequently aroused the
suspicions of law enforcement agencies ("137 arrests and no
convictions," Hagbard brags). Some claim that he is a master of
disguise and has successfully passed himself off under such
@ -495,20 +495,20 @@ Clutch Cargo, Captain Nemo, etc., and has appeared in countless
epics and sagas.
I am mad. </p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron 415-935-5845
Just Say Yes 415-922-2008
Rat Head 415-524-3649
Cheez Whiz 408-363-9766</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron 415-935-5845
Just Say Yes 415-922-2008
Rat Head 415-524-3649
Cheez Whiz 408-363-9766</p>
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
arcane knowledge, political extremism, diversive sexuality,
insane speculation, and wild rumours. ALL-TEXT BBS SYSTEMS.</p>
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
arcane knowledge, political extremism, diversive sexuality,
insane speculation, and wild rumours. ALL-TEXT BBS SYSTEMS.</p>
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
where you live, or what your phone number is. We are not Big Brother.</p>
where you live, or what your phone number is. We are not Big Brother.</p>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"</p>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"</p>
<p></p></xml>

180
regexConsp/christ-c.txt
View File

@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>CHRISTIANITY AND FREEDOM</p>
<p>By JACOB G. HORNBERGER</p>
<p>Many Americans believe that by supporting the Welfare State,
they are fulfilling God's great commandment to "love thy
neighbor as thyself." Having been taught in public schools
since childhood that the Welfare State helps needy people,
Americans usually are filled with a deep sense of guilt and
embarrassment whenever they object to any aspect of
governmental assistance for others.</p>
<p>Of course, government officials foster these feelings in order
to minimize resistance to the Welfare State. For whenever a
citizen objects to any part of the welfare system in America,
he inevitably is assaulted by political officials with such
accusations as: "You hate the poor!"; "You are a racist!"; and
"You hate God!" These tactics usually are quite effective in
breaking down resistance to welfare programs. And the usual
result is that Americans call for reform, rather than
elimination, of the Welfare State.</p>
<p>But, in actuality, the Welfare State is founded on absolutely
immoral principles. And not only does a person not further
God's work by advocating or defending the Welfare State, he
instead denigrates it.</p>
<p>One can imagine the following scenario when a new arrival gets
to the pearly gates:</p>
<p> St. Peter: What did you do to fulfill God's commandment
to love thy neighbor as thyself?</p>
<p> Applicant: I have here my income tax returns, the
Internal Revenue Code, and the Federal Register.</p>
<p> St. Peter: What meaning do these items have?</p>
<p> Applicant: St. Peter, you obviously are not familiar with
the Welfare State of the United States of America. These
items show how much of my tax money was used by the
government to help others in need. So, please step aside
and let me in.</p>
<p> St. Peter: You were participating in a way of life which
constituted a wilful violation of God's sacred
commandment against stealing?</p>
<p> Applicant: Stealing? What are you talking about? Through
my tax payments, people were helped.</p>
<p> St. Peter: Was not the political process used to take
money from people against their will in order to
redistribute to others? Were you not supporting and
participating in this evil way of life?</p>
<p> Applicant: Oh! No, that wasn't me. That was the
politicians and bureaucrats. I just voted for them, just
like other patriotic Americans. Don't blame me for the
stealing. Just give me credit for all the good that was
done with the loot.</p>
<p>If I held a gun to a person's head, and demanded "Your money
or your life!," most people would believe that I had committed
an immoral (and illegal) act. Suppose I needed the money for
my (or someone else's) education. Would this change the
immoral (and illegal) nature of my act? Most people would
respond in the negative. While punishment might be mitigated
due to extenuating circumstances, it remains morally (and
legally) wrong to steal, no matter how great the need for
another person's money.</p>
<p>But the interesting phenomenon about the Welfare State is that
many people believe that by making the exact same act legal--
that is, by enshrining it into their political system--it
somehow is converted into a moral act. In other words, in the
Welfare State, people vote for someone who is given the legal
power to take a person's money in order to give it to someone
else; then, it is believed that this political act, immoral if
committed by a private individual, somehow becomes moral
because it is now performed by a democratically elected public
official.</p>
<p>We must also consider the matter of free will--one of the
greatest gifts which God bestowed on human beings. He
obviously loved us so much that we have been given the freedom
even to deny Him (and our neighbor). In other words, while we
are told to love Him and others, we are not compelled by Him
to do so.</p>
<p>One of the best examples of this wide ambit of freedom is
found in the story of "The Danger of Riches" in the New
Testament. A rich man approached Jesus and asked, "Teacher,
what good must I do to possess everlasting life?" After the
man advised Jesus that he already kept all of the
commandments, Jesus told him, "If you seek perfection, go,
sell your possessions, and give to the poor. You will then
have treasure in heaven. Afterward, come back and follow me."
Unable to let go of his material wealth, however, the man went
away sad.</p>
<p>The story, of course, is valuable in advising people of the
dangers of spiritual or psychological attachment to material
things. But the lesson it teaches is important in another way:
After the young man chose to reject the suggestion to give
everything he had to the poor, Jesus did not ask the political
authorities to seize the man's possessions and redistribute
them to the poor. In other words, he did not force the man to
comply with the suggestion. Since the man had been given the
freedom to choose, the choice he made, although not the
desired one, was honored.</p>
<p>It is the vital importance of freedom of choice that advocates
of the Welfare State so often forget. They favor "freedom" but
only when the person chooses the "right" way. In other words,
the person is told, "It is morally and ethically correct that
you should share your possessions with others, and you are
free to make this decision in your own way . . . but if you
choose the wrong way, we shall simply take your money from
you, against your will, and do with it what you should have
done with it."</p>
<p>It is the great principles of freedom of choice and individual
responsibity on which the United States was founded. By and
large, our American ancestors were free to engage in a
tremendously wide range of choices as long as they did not
inflict violence or fraud on others. And early Americans
believed that the primary purpose of government was to protect
the exercise of choice rather than interfere with it. Thus,
for the first century of America's history, there was, for
example, neither income taxation nor welfare.</p>
<p>Does this mean that our ancestors were evil and mean for not
providing a Welfare State as their descendants have? Of course
not. It simply means that they believed that each individual
should be free to do what he wants with his own money even
when, and especially when, it is not in accordance with the
wishes of the majority of his fellow citizens. And the irony
was that 19th-century America was not only the most prosperous
nation in history but also the most charitable nation in
history.</p>
<p>But unfortunately, the American people of the 20th century
have rejected and abandoned that philosophy. The idea now is
that people must be forced to be "good" through the political
plunder of the Welfare State. Money is taken from people
against their will so that it can be given to those who need
it. And the taxpayers claim "credit" for all of the "good"
which the political authorities do with their money.</p>
<p>The result, of course, is that the government has become the
means by which everyone is trying to live at the expense of
everyone else. Everyone is trying to get his "fair" share of
the loot while, at the same time, blocking out of his mind
that it is being stolen from his friends, neighbors, and
fellow citizens across the land. And everyone is trying to get
his "fair" share of the "credit" while doing everything he can
to protect his own pocketbook.</p>
<p>At the end of the year, it is important to count our
blessings. Fortunately, we live in a nation in which, by and
large (and with many exceptions), the government is
constitutionally prohibited from interfering with our
religious, intellectual, and political activities. But it is
also important, at the beginning of the new year, to make
resolutions: Let us resolve to dedicate ourselves to ending
the Welfare State by recapturing the vision of freedom,
private property, and limited government which guided our
American ancestors.</p>
<p>Mr. Hornberger is founder and president of The Future of
Freedom Foundation, P.O. Box 9752, Denver, CO 80209.</p>
<p>------------------------------------------------------------
From the December 1990 issue of FREEDOM DAILY,
Copyright (c) 1990, The Future of Freedom Foundation,
PO Box 9752, Denver, Colorado 80209, 303-777-3588.
Permission granted to reprint; please give appropriate credit
and send one copy of reprinted material to the Foundation.
</xml>

48
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@ -28,37 +28,37 @@ instead denigrates it.</p>
<p>One can imagine the following scenario when a new arrival gets
to the pearly gates:</p>
<p> St. Peter: What did you do to fulfill God's commandment
to love thy neighbor as thyself?</p>
<p> St. Peter: What did you do to fulfill God's commandment
to love thy neighbor as thyself?</p>
<p> Applicant: I have here my income tax returns, the
Internal Revenue Code, and the Federal Register.</p>
<p> Applicant: I have here my income tax returns, the
Internal Revenue Code, and the Federal Register.</p>
<p> St. Peter: What meaning do these items have?</p>
<p> St. Peter: What meaning do these items have?</p>
<p> Applicant: St. Peter, you obviously are not familiar with
the Welfare State of the United States of America. These
items show how much of my tax money was used by the
government to help others in need. So, please step aside
and let me in.</p>
<p> Applicant: St. Peter, you obviously are not familiar with
the Welfare State of the United States of America. These
items show how much of my tax money was used by the
government to help others in need. So, please step aside
and let me in.</p>
<p> St. Peter: You were participating in a way of life which
constituted a wilful violation of God's sacred
commandment against stealing?</p>
<p> St. Peter: You were participating in a way of life which
constituted a wilful violation of God's sacred
commandment against stealing?</p>
<p> Applicant: Stealing? What are you talking about? Through
my tax payments, people were helped.</p>
<p> Applicant: Stealing? What are you talking about? Through
my tax payments, people were helped.</p>
<p> St. Peter: Was not the political process used to take
money from people against their will in order to
redistribute to others? Were you not supporting and
participating in this evil way of life?</p>
<p> St. Peter: Was not the political process used to take
money from people against their will in order to
redistribute to others? Were you not supporting and
participating in this evil way of life?</p>
<p> Applicant: Oh! No, that wasn't me. That was the
politicians and bureaucrats. I just voted for them, just
like other patriotic Americans. Don't blame me for the
stealing. Just give me credit for all the good that was
done with the loot.</p>
<p> Applicant: Oh! No, that wasn't me. That was the
politicians and bureaucrats. I just voted for them, just
like other patriotic Americans. Don't blame me for the
stealing. Just give me credit for all the good that was
done with the loot.</p>
<p>If I held a gun to a person's head, and demanded "Your money
or your life!," most people would believe that I had committed

251
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@ -1,251 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>
CHRONOLOGY OF SECRET SOCIETIES
Excerpted from THE OCCULT CONSPIRACY
by Michael Howard
Published by Destiny Books
Pages 179 - 183
------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> 40,000 BCE
Early establishment of Mystery schools, as depicted in the Lascaux
cave paintings.</p>
<p> 30,000 BCE
According to some occult traditions this period saw the
colonization of Asia and Australasia by the inhabitants of the
lost continent of Lemuria or Mu. Goddess worship and matriaarchal
cultures established worldwide.</p>
<p> 10,000 BCE
Evidence suggestive of early contact between extraterrestials and
Stone Age tribes in Tibet.</p>
<p> 9,000 - 8,000 BCE
Estimated date of the destruction of Atlantis, according to some
occult traditions. The Atlantean priesthood flee to establish
colonies in the British Isles, Western Europe, North Africa and
South America. Rise of the Northern Mystery Tradition centered on
the island of Thule and the Aryan culture. Invention of the runic
alphabet.</p>
<p> 5,000 BCE
First primitive cities established in the Middle East.
Agriculture begins with domestication of animals such as sheep and
goats. Possible contact between extraterrestials and early
Sumerian culture.</p>
<p> 5,000 - 3,000 BCE
Formation of the two lands in pre-dynastic Egypt ruled by
outsiders (Isis and Osiris). The Egyptian pantheon of gods
established including Horus, Thoth, Set, Ra, Ptah and Hathor.
Pharoahs regarded as the divine representatives of the Gods.</p>
<p> 3,000 - 2,000 BCE
Building of burial mounds and chambered tombs in Western Europe
and the Mediterranean area; the Sphinx and the Great Pyramids of
Giza and Cheops of Egypt; and the ziggurat (Towers of Babel) in
Ur. Sarmoung Brotherhood founded in Babylon.</p>
<p> 2,000 - 1,000 BCE
Reign of Thothmes III in Egypt (c. 1480). Foundation of the
Rosicrucian Order. Reign of Akhenaton (c. 1370) who establishes
the mystical Brotherhood of Aton dedicated to the worship of the
Sun as a symbol of the Supreme Creator. Erection of Stonehenge
and other megalithic stone circles in the British Isles. Reign of
Ankhenaton's son Tutankhamun who re-establishes the old pantheon
of Egyptian gods and goddesses. Moses leads Children of Israel
out of slavery in Egypt during the reign of Ramses II to the
promised land of Canaan.</p>
<p> 1,000 - 500 BCE
Foundation of the Dionysian Artificers. The building of Solomon's
temple (c. 950). Establishment of the city states of Greece and
the Olympic pantheon of gods to replace earlier Nature worship.
First temples erected in Mexico, Peru and southwest North America.
Celts invade Western Europe. Decline of Goddess worship and rise
of patriarchal sky gods personified by priest-kings. Rome founded
in 750.</p>
<p> 500 BCE - 001 CE
Celtic culture established in Britain. The foundation of Druidic
wisdom colleges in Gaul and the British Isles. Odin recognized as
major god in the Northern Mysteries replacing the Mother Goddess
and is credited with inventing the runes. Buddha, Lao Tze,
Confucius, Pythagoras, Plato and Zoroaster preach their new
religions and philosophies. Maya culture in South America.
Establishment of Eleusinian mystery cults. Rise of the Essene
sect in Palestine and Judea. Birth of Jesus of Nazareth.</p>
<p> 001 - 400 CE
Jesus possibly travels to India, Tibet and Britain to be initiated
into the esoteric traditions of East and West. Crucified for his
radical political and religious ideas (c. 33). Joseph of
Arimanthea establishes first Celtic Church at Glastonbury (c. 37).
Invasion of Britain by Roman legions and suppression of the Druids
(40 - 60). Paul travels to Asia Minor and Greece preaching his
version of the gospel (50). Jewish revolt against Roman rule led
by Zealots (66). Essenes suppressed and Dead Sea Scrolls hidden
in caves. Temple in Jerusalem destroyed by Romans (70). New
testament written. The Nazarenes break away from Judasim to found
the Christian Church (c. 80). Ormus is converted to Esoteric
Christianity by Mark. Mithrasim and the Mysteries of Isis compete
with Christianity in the Roman Empire. Mani, a Persian high
priest of Zoroastrianism, is crucified (276). Emperor Constantine
declares Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.
The Council of Nicea defines heresy, condemns paganism and lays
the theological foundation for the Catholic or Universal Church
(325). Constantine's successor Julian the Apostate (361 - 363)
briefly re-establishes the pagan old religion. Emperor Theodosius
outlaws the worship of the pagan gods in Rome and closes the pagan
temples (378). Invasion of Rome, Greece and Europe by the
barbarians led by Atilla the Hun (395-480). Withdrawal of the
Roman legions from Britain (395). Foundation of the Order of
Comacine by ex-members of the Roman College of Architects.</p>
<p> 500 - 1,000 CE
Mohammed founds Islam (dies 632). Celtic Church outlawed by
Council of Whitby (664). Foundation of first Sufi secret
societies (c. 700). First written translation of Emerald Tablet
of Hermes Trismegistus. Charlemagne founds alleged first
Rosicrucian Lodge in Toulouse (898). Foundation of the Cathars,
Druzes and Yezedi (900). Heretical Catholic monks found first
Rosicrucian college (1,000).</p>
<p> 1000 - 1400 CE
Foundation of the Order of the Devoted of Assassins by
Hasan-i-Sabbah (1034-1124) and the Order of St John (1050). First
Crusade to the Holy Land (1095). Capture of the city of Jerusalem
by Godfrey de Bouillan, founder of the Priory of Sion (1099).
Assassins infiltrate Thuggee cult in India. Foundation of the
Order of the Knights of the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem (1118).
Charter granted to the Priory of Sion by Pope Alexander II (1178).
Crusade launched against Cathars (1208). Inquistion created to
fight heresy (1215). Massacre of the Cathars at Montsegur in
Southern France (1241). Troubadours practising their cult of
courtly love. Occult schools teaching the Cabbala and alchemy
established in Spain by the Moors. Count Rudolf von Hapsburg
crowned as Holy Roman Emperor (1273). Knights Templars arrested
by King Philip of France on charges of devil worship, heresy and
sexual perversion (1307). Last official Grand Master of the
Templars, Jacques de Molay, burnt at the stake and the Order goes
underground (1314).</p>
<p> 1400 - 1600 CE
Alleged life of Christian Rosenkreutz (1379-1482). Foundation
of the Order of the Garter by Edward III (1348). First
publication of the Corpus Heremeticum by the Medici family in
Italy (1460). Publication of Malleus Malifiracum and the papal
bull of Pope Innocent which began the medieval witch hunting
hysteria (1484 and 1486). Martin Luther begins Reformation
(1521). Henry Agrippa refers to the Templars as Gnostics and
worshippers of the phallic god Priapus (1530). Life of Dr John
Dee (1527-1608). Foundation of the British Secret Service by Sir
Francis Walsingham. Birth of Johann Valenti Andrea (1586). Life
of Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626). Defeat of the Spanish Armada,
with magical help from the New Forest Witches (1588).</p>
<p> 1600 - 1700 CE
Foundation of the Virginia Company by James I (1606). The
Romanovs become Czars of Russia (1613). Publication of
Rosicrucian manifesto (1614). Life of Elias Ashmole (1617-1692).
Voyage of the Mayflower to New England and the publication of Sir
Francis Bacon's novel The New Atlantis (1620). Establishment of
the pagan community of Merrymount in Massachusetts by Thomas
Morton. English Civil War begins (1642). First English Mason
guild accepts non-stonemasons into its meetings (c. 1646).
Charles I convicted of treason and beheaded (1649). Oliver
Cromwell allegedly makes pact with the Devil in order to retain
power. Introduction of Freemasonry to American colonies by Dutch
settlers (1658). Order of Pietists founded in Pennsylvania
(1694).</p>
<p> 1700 - 1800 CE
Birth of the Comte de Saint-Germain (1710). Masonic Grand Lodge
of England and Druid Order founded (1717). First Masonic lodge
founded in France (1721)&gt; Benjamin Franklin initiated as Mason
(1731). Chevalier Alexander Ramsey informs French Masons that
they are heirs to the Templar tradition (1736). Roman Church
condemns Masonry (1738). Birth of Count Cagliostro. Comte de
Saint-Germain involved in Jacobite plot to restore Stuart dynasty
to the English Throne (1743). Society of Flagellants and Skopski
founded in Russia (1750). George Washington initiated as a Mason
(1752). Sir Francis Dashwood founds the Hell Fire Club. Franklin
visits England to discuss the future of American colonies with
Dashwood (1758). Foundation of the Rite of the Strict Observance
by Baron von Hund based on the Templar tradition. Frederick of
Prussia founds Order of the Architects of Africa and uses the
title Illuminati to describe his neo-Masonic lodges (1768).
Franklin elected Grand Master of the Nine Sisters lodge in Paris
(1770). Grand Orient founded in France (1771). Boston Tea Party
(1773). Washington appointed Commander-in-Chief of the new
American Army (1775). Order of Perfectibilists or Illuminati
founded. American Revolution (1776). Czar Peter founds the
Secret Circle (1778). Supposed death of the Comte Saint-Germain
(1784). Grand Masonic Congress allegedly plots French Revolution.
Cagliostro involved in Diamond Necklace Affair. Illuminati banned
in Bavaria and goes underground (1785). French Revolution (1789).
Illuminist conspiracy to overthrow the Hapsburgs (1794).</p>
<p> 1800 - 1900 CE
Count Grabinka founds secret society in St. Petersburg based on
Martinism and Rosicrucianism (1803). French republican plot to
assassinate Napoleon by placing a bomb under his coach, led by
occultist Fabre d'Olivet. Emperor Napoleon takes control of
French Masonry (1805). Revived Templar Order in France celebrates
the martyrdom of Jacques de Molay with public requiem (1808).
Foundation of the Order of Sublime Perfects (1809). Eliphas Levi
(1810-1875) reveals the secret symbolism of the Templar idol
Baphomet. Czar Alexander I and Emperor Francis von Hapsburg unite
to defeat Italian revolution incited by secret societies. John
Quincy Adams, initiate of the Dragon Society, is elected US
President (1820). Czar Alexander outlaws Masonry in Russia
(1822). Decembrist secret society attempts coup when Czar
Alexander allegedly dies (1825). AntiMasonic Party founded in US
to combat secret societies in American politics (1828). Wagner
joins the Vaterlandsverein, a secret society dedicated to the
formation of a pan-European federation of nations. Masonic
convention at Strasbourg allegedly plots second French Revolution
(1848). Napoleon III condemns Grand Orient for dabbling in
radical politics (1850). Paschal Randolph founds Hermetic
Brotherhood of the Light (1858). Abraham Lincoln is assassinated
(1865). Klu Klux Klan founded (1866). Society of Rosicrucians in
Anglia founded (1867). Foundation of the Theosophical Society by
Madame Blavasky on instructions of the Great White Brotherhood.
Birth of Aleister Crowley (1875). Mysterious suicide of ArchDuke
Rudolph von Hapsburg at a hunting lodge at Mayerling (1889).
Foundation of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (1888).
Assassination of Empress Elizabeth von Hapsburg by anarchist
(1898).</p>
<p> 1900 - 1897 CE
Foundation of the Ordo Templi Orientis (1900). International
Order of CoFreemasonry founded in 1902. Publication of The
Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion in Russia (1905). Foundation of
the Ancient and Mystical Order of the Rose Crucis (1909). Black
Hand Society founded in 1911. Aleister Crowley accepted as head
of the British OTO. Order of the Temple of the Rosy Cross founded
in 1912. Assassination of ArchDuke Franz Ferdinand and
Archduchess Sophia von Hapsberg. Attempted murder of Rasputin.
WWI begins in 1914. Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates. Hapsburg dynasty
is overthrown. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia (1917-1918).
Foundation of German Workers Party by Thule Society (1919).
Hitler joins GWP and changes its name to the National Socialist
Party (1920). Crowley employed by MI6. Cardinal Roncalli, later
Pope John XXIII, allegedly joins Rosicrucian Order. Hitler
becomes first chancellor of the Third Reich (1933). Roosevelt
places Illuminist symbol of eye in triangle on the dollar bill
(1935). Nazi invasion of England prevented by New Forest Witches
(1940). Rudolf Hess lured to Britain on peace mission by fake
astrological data (1941). Order of the Temple revived in France
(1952). First Bilderberg meeting in 1954. Foundation of the P2
Lodge (1960). Death of Pope Paul VI, election and alleged murder
of Pope John Paul I, and election of Pope John Paul II (1978).
Exposure of P2 conspiracy. Attempt to assassinate John Paul II
(1981). L'Ordre Internationale Chevelresque Tradition Solaire
founded on instructions of the revived Order of the Temple in
France (1984).</p>
<p> <special>EOF</special>
5 January 1991</p>
<p></xml>

460
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@ -1,251 +1,251 @@
<xml><p>
CHRONOLOGY OF SECRET SOCIETIES
Excerpted from THE OCCULT CONSPIRACY
by Michael Howard
Published by Destiny Books
Pages 179 - 183
------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
CHRONOLOGY OF SECRET SOCIETIES
Excerpted from THE OCCULT CONSPIRACY
by Michael Howard
Published by Destiny Books
Pages 179 - 183
------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> 40,000 BCE
Early establishment of Mystery schools, as depicted in the Lascaux
cave paintings.</p>
<p> 40,000 BCE
Early establishment of Mystery schools, as depicted in the Lascaux
cave paintings.</p>
<p> 30,000 BCE
According to some occult traditions this period saw the
colonization of Asia and Australasia by the inhabitants of the
lost continent of Lemuria or Mu. Goddess worship and matriaarchal
cultures established worldwide.</p>
<p> 30,000 BCE
According to some occult traditions this period saw the
colonization of Asia and Australasia by the inhabitants of the
lost continent of Lemuria or Mu. Goddess worship and matriaarchal
cultures established worldwide.</p>
<p> 10,000 BCE
Evidence suggestive of early contact between extraterrestials and
Stone Age tribes in Tibet.</p>
<p> 10,000 BCE
Evidence suggestive of early contact between extraterrestials and
Stone Age tribes in Tibet.</p>
<p> 9,000 - 8,000 BCE
Estimated date of the destruction of Atlantis, according to some
occult traditions. The Atlantean priesthood flee to establish
colonies in the British Isles, Western Europe, North Africa and
South America. Rise of the Northern Mystery Tradition centered on
the island of Thule and the Aryan culture. Invention of the runic
alphabet.</p>
<p> 9,000 - 8,000 BCE
Estimated date of the destruction of Atlantis, according to some
occult traditions. The Atlantean priesthood flee to establish
colonies in the British Isles, Western Europe, North Africa and
South America. Rise of the Northern Mystery Tradition centered on
the island of Thule and the Aryan culture. Invention of the runic
alphabet.</p>
<p> 5,000 BCE
First primitive cities established in the Middle East.
Agriculture begins with domestication of animals such as sheep and
goats. Possible contact between extraterrestials and early
Sumerian culture.</p>
<p> 5,000 BCE
First primitive cities established in the Middle East.
Agriculture begins with domestication of animals such as sheep and
goats. Possible contact between extraterrestials and early
Sumerian culture.</p>
<p> 5,000 - 3,000 BCE
Formation of the two lands in pre-dynastic Egypt ruled by
outsiders (Isis and Osiris). The Egyptian pantheon of gods
established including Horus, Thoth, Set, Ra, Ptah and Hathor.
Pharoahs regarded as the divine representatives of the Gods.</p>
<p> 5,000 - 3,000 BCE
Formation of the two lands in pre-dynastic Egypt ruled by
outsiders (Isis and Osiris). The Egyptian pantheon of gods
established including Horus, Thoth, Set, Ra, Ptah and Hathor.
Pharoahs regarded as the divine representatives of the Gods.</p>
<p> 3,000 - 2,000 BCE
Building of burial mounds and chambered tombs in Western Europe
and the Mediterranean area; the Sphinx and the Great Pyramids of
Giza and Cheops of Egypt; and the ziggurat (Towers of Babel) in
Ur. Sarmoung Brotherhood founded in Babylon.</p>
<p> 3,000 - 2,000 BCE
Building of burial mounds and chambered tombs in Western Europe
and the Mediterranean area; the Sphinx and the Great Pyramids of
Giza and Cheops of Egypt; and the ziggurat (Towers of Babel) in
Ur. Sarmoung Brotherhood founded in Babylon.</p>
<p> 2,000 - 1,000 BCE
Reign of Thothmes III in Egypt (c. 1480). Foundation of the
Rosicrucian Order. Reign of Akhenaton (c. 1370) who establishes
the mystical Brotherhood of Aton dedicated to the worship of the
Sun as a symbol of the Supreme Creator. Erection of Stonehenge
and other megalithic stone circles in the British Isles. Reign of
Ankhenaton's son Tutankhamun who re-establishes the old pantheon
of Egyptian gods and goddesses. Moses leads Children of Israel
out of slavery in Egypt during the reign of Ramses II to the
promised land of Canaan.</p>
<p> 2,000 - 1,000 BCE
Reign of Thothmes III in Egypt (c. 1480). Foundation of the
Rosicrucian Order. Reign of Akhenaton (c. 1370) who establishes
the mystical Brotherhood of Aton dedicated to the worship of the
Sun as a symbol of the Supreme Creator. Erection of Stonehenge
and other megalithic stone circles in the British Isles. Reign of
Ankhenaton's son Tutankhamun who re-establishes the old pantheon
of Egyptian gods and goddesses. Moses leads Children of Israel
out of slavery in Egypt during the reign of Ramses II to the
promised land of Canaan.</p>
<p> 1,000 - 500 BCE
Foundation of the Dionysian Artificers. The building of Solomon's
temple (c. 950). Establishment of the city states of Greece and
the Olympic pantheon of gods to replace earlier Nature worship.
First temples erected in Mexico, Peru and southwest North America.
Celts invade Western Europe. Decline of Goddess worship and rise
of patriarchal sky gods personified by priest-kings. Rome founded
in 750.</p>
<p> 1,000 - 500 BCE
Foundation of the Dionysian Artificers. The building of Solomon's
temple (c. 950). Establishment of the city states of Greece and
the Olympic pantheon of gods to replace earlier Nature worship.
First temples erected in Mexico, Peru and southwest North America.
Celts invade Western Europe. Decline of Goddess worship and rise
of patriarchal sky gods personified by priest-kings. Rome founded
in 750.</p>
<p> 500 BCE - 001 CE
Celtic culture established in Britain. The foundation of Druidic
wisdom colleges in Gaul and the British Isles. Odin recognized as
major god in the Northern Mysteries replacing the Mother Goddess
and is credited with inventing the runes. Buddha, Lao Tze,
Confucius, Pythagoras, Plato and Zoroaster preach their new
religions and philosophies. Maya culture in South America.
Establishment of Eleusinian mystery cults. Rise of the Essene
sect in Palestine and Judea. Birth of Jesus of Nazareth.</p>
<p> 500 BCE - 001 CE
Celtic culture established in Britain. The foundation of Druidic
wisdom colleges in Gaul and the British Isles. Odin recognized as
major god in the Northern Mysteries replacing the Mother Goddess
and is credited with inventing the runes. Buddha, Lao Tze,
Confucius, Pythagoras, Plato and Zoroaster preach their new
religions and philosophies. Maya culture in South America.
Establishment of Eleusinian mystery cults. Rise of the Essene
sect in Palestine and Judea. Birth of Jesus of Nazareth.</p>
<p> 001 - 400 CE
Jesus possibly travels to India, Tibet and Britain to be initiated
into the esoteric traditions of East and West. Crucified for his
radical political and religious ideas (c. 33). Joseph of
Arimanthea establishes first Celtic Church at Glastonbury (c. 37).
Invasion of Britain by Roman legions and suppression of the Druids
(40 - 60). Paul travels to Asia Minor and Greece preaching his
version of the gospel (50). Jewish revolt against Roman rule led
by Zealots (66). Essenes suppressed and Dead Sea Scrolls hidden
in caves. Temple in Jerusalem destroyed by Romans (70). New
testament written. The Nazarenes break away from Judasim to found
the Christian Church (c. 80). Ormus is converted to Esoteric
Christianity by Mark. Mithrasim and the Mysteries of Isis compete
with Christianity in the Roman Empire. Mani, a Persian high
priest of Zoroastrianism, is crucified (276). Emperor Constantine
declares Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.
The Council of Nicea defines heresy, condemns paganism and lays
the theological foundation for the Catholic or Universal Church
(325). Constantine's successor Julian the Apostate (361 - 363)
briefly re-establishes the pagan old religion. Emperor Theodosius
outlaws the worship of the pagan gods in Rome and closes the pagan
temples (378). Invasion of Rome, Greece and Europe by the
barbarians led by Atilla the Hun (395-480). Withdrawal of the
Roman legions from Britain (395). Foundation of the Order of
Comacine by ex-members of the Roman College of Architects.</p>
<p> 001 - 400 CE
Jesus possibly travels to India, Tibet and Britain to be initiated
into the esoteric traditions of East and West. Crucified for his
radical political and religious ideas (c. 33). Joseph of
Arimanthea establishes first Celtic Church at Glastonbury (c. 37).
Invasion of Britain by Roman legions and suppression of the Druids
(40 - 60). Paul travels to Asia Minor and Greece preaching his
version of the gospel (50). Jewish revolt against Roman rule led
by Zealots (66). Essenes suppressed and Dead Sea Scrolls hidden
in caves. Temple in Jerusalem destroyed by Romans (70). New
testament written. The Nazarenes break away from Judasim to found
the Christian Church (c. 80). Ormus is converted to Esoteric
Christianity by Mark. Mithrasim and the Mysteries of Isis compete
with Christianity in the Roman Empire. Mani, a Persian high
priest of Zoroastrianism, is crucified (276). Emperor Constantine
declares Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.
The Council of Nicea defines heresy, condemns paganism and lays
the theological foundation for the Catholic or Universal Church
(325). Constantine's successor Julian the Apostate (361 - 363)
briefly re-establishes the pagan old religion. Emperor Theodosius
outlaws the worship of the pagan gods in Rome and closes the pagan
temples (378). Invasion of Rome, Greece and Europe by the
barbarians led by Atilla the Hun (395-480). Withdrawal of the
Roman legions from Britain (395). Foundation of the Order of
Comacine by ex-members of the Roman College of Architects.</p>
<p> 500 - 1,000 CE
Mohammed founds Islam (dies 632). Celtic Church outlawed by
Council of Whitby (664). Foundation of first Sufi secret
societies (c. 700). First written translation of Emerald Tablet
of Hermes Trismegistus. Charlemagne founds alleged first
Rosicrucian Lodge in Toulouse (898). Foundation of the Cathars,
Druzes and Yezedi (900). Heretical Catholic monks found first
Rosicrucian college (1,000).</p>
<p> 500 - 1,000 CE
Mohammed founds Islam (dies 632). Celtic Church outlawed by
Council of Whitby (664). Foundation of first Sufi secret
societies (c. 700). First written translation of Emerald Tablet
of Hermes Trismegistus. Charlemagne founds alleged first
Rosicrucian Lodge in Toulouse (898). Foundation of the Cathars,
Druzes and Yezedi (900). Heretical Catholic monks found first
Rosicrucian college (1,000).</p>
<p> 1000 - 1400 CE
Foundation of the Order of the Devoted of Assassins by
Hasan-i-Sabbah (1034-1124) and the Order of St John (1050). First
Crusade to the Holy Land (1095). Capture of the city of Jerusalem
by Godfrey de Bouillan, founder of the Priory of Sion (1099).
Assassins infiltrate Thuggee cult in India. Foundation of the
Order of the Knights of the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem (1118).
Charter granted to the Priory of Sion by Pope Alexander II (1178).
Crusade launched against Cathars (1208). Inquistion created to
fight heresy (1215). Massacre of the Cathars at Montsegur in
Southern France (1241). Troubadours practising their cult of
courtly love. Occult schools teaching the Cabbala and alchemy
established in Spain by the Moors. Count Rudolf von Hapsburg
crowned as Holy Roman Emperor (1273). Knights Templars arrested
by King Philip of France on charges of devil worship, heresy and
sexual perversion (1307). Last official Grand Master of the
Templars, Jacques de Molay, burnt at the stake and the Order goes
underground (1314).</p>
<p> 1000 - 1400 CE
Foundation of the Order of the Devoted of Assassins by
Hasan-i-Sabbah (1034-1124) and the Order of St John (1050). First
Crusade to the Holy Land (1095). Capture of the city of Jerusalem
by Godfrey de Bouillan, founder of the Priory of Sion (1099).
Assassins infiltrate Thuggee cult in India. Foundation of the
Order of the Knights of the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem (1118).
Charter granted to the Priory of Sion by Pope Alexander II (1178).
Crusade launched against Cathars (1208). Inquistion created to
fight heresy (1215). Massacre of the Cathars at Montsegur in
Southern France (1241). Troubadours practising their cult of
courtly love. Occult schools teaching the Cabbala and alchemy
established in Spain by the Moors. Count Rudolf von Hapsburg
crowned as Holy Roman Emperor (1273). Knights Templars arrested
by King Philip of France on charges of devil worship, heresy and
sexual perversion (1307). Last official Grand Master of the
Templars, Jacques de Molay, burnt at the stake and the Order goes
underground (1314).</p>
<p> 1400 - 1600 CE
Alleged life of Christian Rosenkreutz (1379-1482). Foundation
of the Order of the Garter by Edward III (1348). First
publication of the Corpus Heremeticum by the Medici family in
Italy (1460). Publication of Malleus Malifiracum and the papal
bull of Pope Innocent which began the medieval witch hunting
hysteria (1484 and 1486). Martin Luther begins Reformation
(1521). Henry Agrippa refers to the Templars as Gnostics and
worshippers of the phallic god Priapus (1530). Life of Dr John
Dee (1527-1608). Foundation of the British Secret Service by Sir
Francis Walsingham. Birth of Johann Valenti Andrea (1586). Life
of Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626). Defeat of the Spanish Armada,
with magical help from the New Forest Witches (1588).</p>
<p> 1400 - 1600 CE
Alleged life of Christian Rosenkreutz (1379-1482). Foundation
of the Order of the Garter by Edward III (1348). First
publication of the Corpus Heremeticum by the Medici family in
Italy (1460). Publication of Malleus Malifiracum and the papal
bull of Pope Innocent which began the medieval witch hunting
hysteria (1484 and 1486). Martin Luther begins Reformation
(1521). Henry Agrippa refers to the Templars as Gnostics and
worshippers of the phallic god Priapus (1530). Life of Dr John
Dee (1527-1608). Foundation of the British Secret Service by Sir
Francis Walsingham. Birth of Johann Valenti Andrea (1586). Life
of Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626). Defeat of the Spanish Armada,
with magical help from the New Forest Witches (1588).</p>
<p> 1600 - 1700 CE
Foundation of the Virginia Company by James I (1606). The
Romanovs become Czars of Russia (1613). Publication of
Rosicrucian manifesto (1614). Life of Elias Ashmole (1617-1692).
Voyage of the Mayflower to New England and the publication of Sir
Francis Bacon's novel The New Atlantis (1620). Establishment of
the pagan community of Merrymount in Massachusetts by Thomas
Morton. English Civil War begins (1642). First English Mason
guild accepts non-stonemasons into its meetings (c. 1646).
Charles I convicted of treason and beheaded (1649). Oliver
Cromwell allegedly makes pact with the Devil in order to retain
power. Introduction of Freemasonry to American colonies by Dutch
settlers (1658). Order of Pietists founded in Pennsylvania
(1694).</p>
<p> 1600 - 1700 CE
Foundation of the Virginia Company by James I (1606). The
Romanovs become Czars of Russia (1613). Publication of
Rosicrucian manifesto (1614). Life of Elias Ashmole (1617-1692).
Voyage of the Mayflower to New England and the publication of Sir
Francis Bacon's novel The New Atlantis (1620). Establishment of
the pagan community of Merrymount in Massachusetts by Thomas
Morton. English Civil War begins (1642). First English Mason
guild accepts non-stonemasons into its meetings (c. 1646).
Charles I convicted of treason and beheaded (1649). Oliver
Cromwell allegedly makes pact with the Devil in order to retain
power. Introduction of Freemasonry to American colonies by Dutch
settlers (1658). Order of Pietists founded in Pennsylvania
(1694).</p>
<p> 1700 - 1800 CE
Birth of the Comte de Saint-Germain (1710). Masonic Grand Lodge
of England and Druid Order founded (1717). First Masonic lodge
founded in France (1721)&gt; Benjamin Franklin initiated as Mason
(1731). Chevalier Alexander Ramsey informs French Masons that
they are heirs to the Templar tradition (1736). Roman Church
condemns Masonry (1738). Birth of Count Cagliostro. Comte de
Saint-Germain involved in Jacobite plot to restore Stuart dynasty
to the English Throne (1743). Society of Flagellants and Skopski
founded in Russia (1750). George Washington initiated as a Mason
(1752). Sir Francis Dashwood founds the Hell Fire Club. Franklin
visits England to discuss the future of American colonies with
Dashwood (1758). Foundation of the Rite of the Strict Observance
by Baron von Hund based on the Templar tradition. Frederick of
Prussia founds Order of the Architects of Africa and uses the
title Illuminati to describe his neo-Masonic lodges (1768).
Franklin elected Grand Master of the Nine Sisters lodge in Paris
(1770). Grand Orient founded in France (1771). Boston Tea Party
(1773). Washington appointed Commander-in-Chief of the new
American Army (1775). Order of Perfectibilists or Illuminati
founded. American Revolution (1776). Czar Peter founds the
Secret Circle (1778). Supposed death of the Comte Saint-Germain
(1784). Grand Masonic Congress allegedly plots French Revolution.
Cagliostro involved in Diamond Necklace Affair. Illuminati banned
in Bavaria and goes underground (1785). French Revolution (1789).
Illuminist conspiracy to overthrow the Hapsburgs (1794).</p>
<p> 1700 - 1800 CE
Birth of the Comte de Saint-Germain (1710). Masonic Grand Lodge
of England and Druid Order founded (1717). First Masonic lodge
founded in France (1721)&gt; Benjamin Franklin initiated as Mason
(1731). Chevalier Alexander Ramsey informs French Masons that
they are heirs to the Templar tradition (1736). Roman Church
condemns Masonry (1738). Birth of Count Cagliostro. Comte de
Saint-Germain involved in Jacobite plot to restore Stuart dynasty
to the English Throne (1743). Society of Flagellants and Skopski
founded in Russia (1750). George Washington initiated as a Mason
(1752). Sir Francis Dashwood founds the Hell Fire Club. Franklin
visits England to discuss the future of American colonies with
Dashwood (1758). Foundation of the Rite of the Strict Observance
by Baron von Hund based on the Templar tradition. Frederick of
Prussia founds Order of the Architects of Africa and uses the
title Illuminati to describe his neo-Masonic lodges (1768).
Franklin elected Grand Master of the Nine Sisters lodge in Paris
(1770). Grand Orient founded in France (1771). Boston Tea Party
(1773). Washington appointed Commander-in-Chief of the new
American Army (1775). Order of Perfectibilists or Illuminati
founded. American Revolution (1776). Czar Peter founds the
Secret Circle (1778). Supposed death of the Comte Saint-Germain
(1784). Grand Masonic Congress allegedly plots French Revolution.
Cagliostro involved in Diamond Necklace Affair. Illuminati banned
in Bavaria and goes underground (1785). French Revolution (1789).
Illuminist conspiracy to overthrow the Hapsburgs (1794).</p>
<p> 1800 - 1900 CE
Count Grabinka founds secret society in St. Petersburg based on
Martinism and Rosicrucianism (1803). French republican plot to
assassinate Napoleon by placing a bomb under his coach, led by
occultist Fabre d'Olivet. Emperor Napoleon takes control of
French Masonry (1805). Revived Templar Order in France celebrates
the martyrdom of Jacques de Molay with public requiem (1808).
Foundation of the Order of Sublime Perfects (1809). Eliphas Levi
(1810-1875) reveals the secret symbolism of the Templar idol
Baphomet. Czar Alexander I and Emperor Francis von Hapsburg unite
to defeat Italian revolution incited by secret societies. John
Quincy Adams, initiate of the Dragon Society, is elected US
President (1820). Czar Alexander outlaws Masonry in Russia
(1822). Decembrist secret society attempts coup when Czar
Alexander allegedly dies (1825). AntiMasonic Party founded in US
to combat secret societies in American politics (1828). Wagner
joins the Vaterlandsverein, a secret society dedicated to the
formation of a pan-European federation of nations. Masonic
convention at Strasbourg allegedly plots second French Revolution
(1848). Napoleon III condemns Grand Orient for dabbling in
radical politics (1850). Paschal Randolph founds Hermetic
Brotherhood of the Light (1858). Abraham Lincoln is assassinated
(1865). Klu Klux Klan founded (1866). Society of Rosicrucians in
Anglia founded (1867). Foundation of the Theosophical Society by
Madame Blavasky on instructions of the Great White Brotherhood.
Birth of Aleister Crowley (1875). Mysterious suicide of ArchDuke
Rudolph von Hapsburg at a hunting lodge at Mayerling (1889).
Foundation of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (1888).
Assassination of Empress Elizabeth von Hapsburg by anarchist
(1898).</p>
<p> 1800 - 1900 CE
Count Grabinka founds secret society in St. Petersburg based on
Martinism and Rosicrucianism (1803). French republican plot to
assassinate Napoleon by placing a bomb under his coach, led by
occultist Fabre d'Olivet. Emperor Napoleon takes control of
French Masonry (1805). Revived Templar Order in France celebrates
the martyrdom of Jacques de Molay with public requiem (1808).
Foundation of the Order of Sublime Perfects (1809). Eliphas Levi
(1810-1875) reveals the secret symbolism of the Templar idol
Baphomet. Czar Alexander I and Emperor Francis von Hapsburg unite
to defeat Italian revolution incited by secret societies. John
Quincy Adams, initiate of the Dragon Society, is elected US
President (1820). Czar Alexander outlaws Masonry in Russia
(1822). Decembrist secret society attempts coup when Czar
Alexander allegedly dies (1825). AntiMasonic Party founded in US
to combat secret societies in American politics (1828). Wagner
joins the Vaterlandsverein, a secret society dedicated to the
formation of a pan-European federation of nations. Masonic
convention at Strasbourg allegedly plots second French Revolution
(1848). Napoleon III condemns Grand Orient for dabbling in
radical politics (1850). Paschal Randolph founds Hermetic
Brotherhood of the Light (1858). Abraham Lincoln is assassinated
(1865). Klu Klux Klan founded (1866). Society of Rosicrucians in
Anglia founded (1867). Foundation of the Theosophical Society by
Madame Blavasky on instructions of the Great White Brotherhood.
Birth of Aleister Crowley (1875). Mysterious suicide of ArchDuke
Rudolph von Hapsburg at a hunting lodge at Mayerling (1889).
Foundation of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (1888).
Assassination of Empress Elizabeth von Hapsburg by anarchist
(1898).</p>
<p> 1900 - 1897 CE
Foundation of the Ordo Templi Orientis (1900). International
Order of CoFreemasonry founded in 1902. Publication of The
Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion in Russia (1905). Foundation of
the Ancient and Mystical Order of the Rose Crucis (1909). Black
Hand Society founded in 1911. Aleister Crowley accepted as head
of the British OTO. Order of the Temple of the Rosy Cross founded
in 1912. Assassination of ArchDuke Franz Ferdinand and
Archduchess Sophia von Hapsberg. Attempted murder of Rasputin.
WWI begins in 1914. Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates. Hapsburg dynasty
is overthrown. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia (1917-1918).
Foundation of German Workers Party by Thule Society (1919).
Hitler joins GWP and changes its name to the National Socialist
Party (1920). Crowley employed by MI6. Cardinal Roncalli, later
Pope John XXIII, allegedly joins Rosicrucian Order. Hitler
becomes first chancellor of the Third Reich (1933). Roosevelt
places Illuminist symbol of eye in triangle on the dollar bill
(1935). Nazi invasion of England prevented by New Forest Witches
(1940). Rudolf Hess lured to Britain on peace mission by fake
astrological data (1941). Order of the Temple revived in France
(1952). First Bilderberg meeting in 1954. Foundation of the P2
Lodge (1960). Death of Pope Paul VI, election and alleged murder
of Pope John Paul I, and election of Pope John Paul II (1978).
Exposure of P2 conspiracy. Attempt to assassinate John Paul II
(1981). L'Ordre Internationale Chevelresque Tradition Solaire
founded on instructions of the revived Order of the Temple in
France (1984).</p>
<p> 1900 - 1897 CE
Foundation of the Ordo Templi Orientis (1900). International
Order of CoFreemasonry founded in 1902. Publication of The
Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion in Russia (1905). Foundation of
the Ancient and Mystical Order of the Rose Crucis (1909). Black
Hand Society founded in 1911. Aleister Crowley accepted as head
of the British OTO. Order of the Temple of the Rosy Cross founded
in 1912. Assassination of ArchDuke Franz Ferdinand and
Archduchess Sophia von Hapsberg. Attempted murder of Rasputin.
WWI begins in 1914. Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates. Hapsburg dynasty
is overthrown. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia (1917-1918).
Foundation of German Workers Party by Thule Society (1919).
Hitler joins GWP and changes its name to the National Socialist
Party (1920). Crowley employed by MI6. Cardinal Roncalli, later
Pope John XXIII, allegedly joins Rosicrucian Order. Hitler
becomes first chancellor of the Third Reich (1933). Roosevelt
places Illuminist symbol of eye in triangle on the dollar bill
(1935). Nazi invasion of England prevented by New Forest Witches
(1940). Rudolf Hess lured to Britain on peace mission by fake
astrological data (1941). Order of the Temple revived in France
(1952). First Bilderberg meeting in 1954. Foundation of the P2
Lodge (1960). Death of Pope Paul VI, election and alleged murder
of Pope John Paul I, and election of Pope John Paul II (1978).
Exposure of P2 conspiracy. Attempt to assassinate John Paul II
(1981). L'Ordre Internationale Chevelresque Tradition Solaire
founded on instructions of the revived Order of the Temple in
France (1984).</p>
<p> <special>EOF</special>
5 January 1991</p>
<p> <special>EOF</special>
5 January 1991</p>
<p></p></xml>
<p> </p></xml>

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<xml><p>
Article: 569 of sgi.talk.ratical
From: dave@ratmandu.esd.sgi.com (dave "who can do? ratmandu!" ratcliffe)
Subject: Top Secret: How To Kill--"The CIA's Secret Weapons Systems"
Keywords: our culture has lost its moral, ethical, and spiritual foundations
Organization: Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 1992 15:56:51 GMT
Lines: 321</p>
<p> unless we know MUCH MORE about the atrocities committed "in the interests
and name of `national security,'" how can we possibly become sufficiently
motivated and driven to dedicate our energies towards changing this form
of "government" by lies, dissembling, expediency, profit-as-god, and
murder? we have no idea what is "done in our name." if we did, we would
no longer be able to participate in its commoditized seductiveness because
we would not be able to look ourselves in the mirror or sleep at night.
--ratitor</p>
<p> the following is taken from the June, 1978 issue of "Gallery" magazine:
__________________________________________________________________________
THE CIA'S SECRET WEAPONS SYSTEMS
by Andrew Stark</p>
<p> Exploding wine bottles, guns constructed out of pipes,
bullets made of teeth, aspirin explosives: they sound like
props from a second-rate spy story. Horrifyingly enough,
they are real. The CIA has spent a great deal of its time--
and your money--developing countless bizarre weapons for
assassination, sabotage, and mass destruction. If that's
news to you, it's because the CIA doesn't want these
products, some of which are quite easy to put together, to
fall into the "wrong hands." As for whether they are in the
right hands now--judge for yourself.</p>
<p> The CIA has developed many exotic and sophisticated devices
intended for use in interrogation, sabotage, and assassination.
These weapons are necessary--if you grant that what the CIA itself
does is necessary. If the CIA wants to eliminate a key KGB agent
operating in Hungary, it faces certain problems. It would be
virtually impossible to slip a deadly weapon, such as a gun or
bomb, past Hungarian customs officials. Thus, the CIA assassin
must assemble his weapon from commonly obtainable materials after
he crosses the border.
The CIA agent might decide to construct a urea nitrate
explosive, commonly known as a urine bomb. This weapon is quite
deadly, easily exploded, and consists primarily of nitric acid and
urine. The urine bomb is one of literally hundreds of murderous
weapons in the CIA arsenal.
"The New York Times" of September 26, 1975 revealed the
existence of guns that shoot cobra-venom darts. Then there was the
shoe polish compound intended to make Fidel Castro's beard fall
out, so that he would lose his "charisma." And CIA laboratories in
Fort Monmouth, New Jersey developed the famous rifle that shoots
around corners.
Some CIA weapons are designed to kill many people--deadly germs
can be released in subways; others are intended to kill a single,
specific individual--the Borgia ring contains deadly poison to be
slipped into a victim's drink; and still others are standard
weapons supplied for such missions as overthrowing the Allende
government in Chile in 1973.
The information about CIA weapons that you will read in this
article generally has not been made public before. It was not
intended to be. But your tax dollars pay for these devices; it is
your right to know about them.
There is a booklet, written in 1977 and distributed to a select
group of U.S. mercenaries, titled "CIA Improvised Sabotage
Devices." This instructional guidebook, part of "the Combat
Bookshelf," was published by Desert Publications, P.O. Box 22005,
Phoenix, Arizona 85028. If you want to know how the CIA turns a
cigar box into an explosive that can destroy a 10,000-gallon
capacity storage tank, then "CIA Improvised Sabotage Devices" is
what you should read. You will need it if you want to build the
"Water-Drip Electric Delay," a bomb that requires little more than
wood scrap, a tin can, and a battery. The "Pocket Watch Electric
Delay" requires little more than a watch, a screw, and a battery.
The "Mousetrap Electric Release" is another bomb, this one
requiring a mousetrap, a trip wire, a battery, and little else. It
is described as "an excellent device to use with bazooka rockets
against trucks, tanks, or locomotives." The "Chemical
Instantaneous Initiator" is made from a sugar-chlorate mix and is
effective in sabotaging trains. The "Martini Glass Shaped Charge"
is a bomb that also can be made out of a beer can. You might want
to try to construct the "Vehicle Booby Trap." The "Potassium
Chlorate and Sugar Igniter" and the "Sawdust, Moth Flakes, and Oil
Incendiary" can be made with only what you see in their titles.
For these and more than fifty other CIA devices, step-by-step
instructions on how to make them and illustrations of what they
should look like when completed are given. Turn a wine bottle into
a bomb. Build a land-mine rocket. Manufacture napalm in your
basement. Even the simple how-tos of causing a dust explosion can
be found in "CIA Improvised Sabotage Devices."
Why is the CIA so deeply involved in sabotage techniques? The
CIA might think it is in this country's interest to delay
scientific work being done by another nation. Or, the CIA might
want to disrupt a nation's economy in the hope that the resulting
chaos will lead to civil unrest and the overthrow of the existing
government (some of this actually happened in Chile). The original
John Rockefeller used such tactics against his competitors. He
simply had their refineries blown up.
Another pamphlet the CIA would not like you to see is titled
"How to Kill," written by John Minnery, edited by Robert Brown and
Peder Lund, and published by Paladin Press, Box 1307, Boulder,
Colorado 80306. The reason the CIA would prefer that you not see
this eighty-eight-page pamphlet, which is unavailable at bookstores
and newsstands, is because it contains a number of "ingenious"
methods of doing what the title says. Also, Paladin Press, which
published a book called "OSS Sabotage and Demolition Manual," is
widely regarded by journalists as an organization with close ties
to mercenary groups and the CIA. Paladin Press doesn't want you to
know that, but how else could they have published the "OSS Sabotage
and Demolition Manual?" The Office of Strategic Services was the
precursor of today's CIA.
This writer's call to Colorado yielded the following
conversation:</p>
<p> "How could you publish the "OSS Sabotage and Demolition Manual,"
I asked Peter Lund, editor and publisher of Paladin Press, "if your
organization, at the least, was not dealing with former OSS agents?
And what about "How to Kill?"
"I don't talk to journalists," Lund said.
"You're called the Paladin Press. You must publish books. Can
I order them?"
"No."
"Why not? You're a publisher, aren't you?"
"We're afraid our publications might fall into the wrong hands."
"What are the right hands?" I asked.
"I don't talk to journalists."
"Have you ever heard of Desert Publications?" I asked.
"A fine outfit," Lund said. "If they recommend you, I'll send
you our material."
"That's my problem," I said. "They don't seem to have a phone
number."
"Well, they're a good group."
"Listen," I said, "wasn't your group, and Desert Publications
besides, involved in CIA mercenary activity in Africa?"
"I don't know anything about that."
"Were you in the Special Forces?"
"July 1967 to July 1968 in Vietnam."
"Were you CIA?"
"I was MACV [Military Armed Forces Command Vietnam]."
"You weren't affiliated with CIA?"
"I didn't say that."
"What do you say?"
"We did joint operations with CIA on the Phoenix Program."
"Wasn't that a murder operation?"
"No. It was snatching people."</p>
<p> The Phoenix Program was designed for a job that the CIA
euphemistically described as "eliminating the Viet Cong
infrastructure." In reality, it was a rampant reign of terror run
out of CIA headquarters at Langley, Virginia. Former CIA director
William Colby later termed the program "effective." The Phoenix
Program was a naked murder campaign, as proved by every realistic
report, ranging from the Bertrand Russell Tribunal to the Dellums
Committee to admissions by CIA agents themselves. The program
killed--and *none* of these killings occurred in combat--18,000
people, mostly women and children.
But what about Peder Lund, editor and publisher of Paladin
Press? The book he edited and published, "How to Kill," outlined a
surfeit of murder methods, horrific techniques of causing people to
die. For example:
"Without getting too deeply into the realm of the bizarre,"
wrote John Minnery, the author of "How to Kill" as he proceeded to
just that, "a specially loaded bullet made from a human tooth
(bicuspid) could be fired under the jaw or through the mouth into
the head. The tooth is a very hard bone, and its enamel shell
would allow it to penetrate into the brain. The intention here is
also to hide the cause of death because the examiner in his search
for a projectile will disregard bone fragments."
One last example from "How to Kill" should give you the flavor
of the book:</p>
<p> Lesson Nine: Hot Wire</p>
<p> "Essentially, the weapon is an electrified grid in the urinal
basin. This can take the form of a screen cover for the drain
or a metal grill. If the urinal is completely porcelain, the
screen must be added by the assassin. The drain cover is
connected to the electrical system of the washroom by means of
an insulated cord that is hidden behind the plumbing.
"What happens when the subject uses the urinal should be
obvious now. The subject's urine, which is a salty liquid and
a perfect conductor of electricity, makes contact with the
charged grid, and the shock will kill him."</p>
<p> This reporter's investigation revealed that the "Hot Wire" was
child's play compared to certain other CIA weapons devices. For
instance, I was able to obtain Volumes One and Two of the "CIA
Black Book" on improvised munitions, volumes that are stamped "for
official use only" on almost every page. It is obvious why the CIA
would like these books to remain secret. With elaborate
instructions, they describe how to make high explosives from
aspirin, how to construct a nail grenade, and how to turn a Coke
bottle into a bomb.
Described in detail in the "Black Book" is the previously
mentioned urea nitrate explosive, or, as it is known to the pros,
"the piss bomb." Instructions for the preparation of this weapon
assure the maker that animal urine will do as well as human; the
important thing is to have ten cups of it, boil it down to one cup,
and mix it with the nitric acid.
Also described in the "Black Book" is how to construct a pipe
pistol, which, as the name indicates, is a gun constructed out of a
pipe. Other weapons include a cooking syringe filled with poison
that can be stabbed into "the subject's" stomach; a cyanide gas
pistol; a throat cutter gauntlet knife (razor sharp and only an
inch or so in length); and a mixture of fertilizer and aluminum
powder that can be made into a powerful bomb.
Why build murder weapons out of such weird material? Is the CIA
insane?
No. In its own way, the whole thing is perfectly logical.
The pamphlet "How to Kill" explained it all: "As most of these
devices are homemade, this precludes the possibility of their being
traced. They are, in effect, `sanitized' and perfect for
assassinations, where weapons are prohibited, or where customs in
the hostile country are stringent, so these can be made from local
materials."
Being a contract killer for the CIA is not all roses. You
cannot kill in just any way. A number of attempts have been made
on Fidel Castro's life--some with the CIA and the Mafia
cooperating--and some of them may have failed because of
restrictions imposed on the potential assassins. It would be
unacceptable for Castro's murder to be laid at the door of the CIA.
This would make Castro a martyr in the eyes of his countrymen.
Thus, a method that would suggest death by natural causes must be
found.
Abundant speculation and considerable evidence suggest that the
CIA or some other government agency arranged for the "natural"
deaths of David Ferrie, Jack Ruby, George De Mohrenschildt, and
other potential witnesses into the assassination of John Kennedy.
Some methods of killing, like the injection of an air bubble into
the bloodstream, will often go unnoticed by medical examiners.
Another hard-to-trace method of killing is to mail a snake to
the victim. This is known as killing by long distance. A
disadvantage to this method is that the snake might bite an
innocent third party who just happens to open the package. The
advantage is that once the snake has struck, the evidence can
simply slither away.
Sometimes, as the CIA knows, killing has to be done at close
range. For this purpose, a valuable weapon is the ice pick with a
blood arrester attached. The blood arrester is a cloth wrapped
near the tip of the ice pick. When the pick is shoved into the
victim, the spurting blood is absorbed by the blood arrester.
People who see the victim fall will probably think he has had a
heart attack. While the onlookers try to help the victim, the
assassin uses this valuable ten or fifteen seconds to escape
unnoticed.
Often it is advisable to use what is called in the trade a
"quiet weapon." Silenced weapons can include pistols, rifles, and
even machine guns.
Poison is a quiet killer. Here is a partial list of the poisons
the CIA has become expert at administering: oil of bitter almonds;
ant paste; cadmium, used in vapor form, and death is delayed four
hours; radiator cleaner, also causing a delayed death;
Cantharides (Spanish Fly); ethyl mercury; and freon, heated by a
flame. These poisons and many others are listed in "How to Kill."
The author then cautions the reader:
"Unless otherwise stated, these poisons are either to be
injected into the subject, or taken orally by him by adding it to
his food. Use common sense in the application of these potions
and, if possible, double the O.D. necessary."
W.H. Bowart, in his book, "Operation Mind Control" described the
CIA's use of drugs: "In 1953, the CIA made plans to purchase ten
kilograms of LSD for use in `drug experiments with animals and
human beings.' Since there are more than 10,000 doses in a gram,
that meant the CIA wanted 100 million doses. The CIA obviously
intended to `corner the market' on LSD so that other countries
would not be ahead of the U.S. in their potential for `LSD
warfare.'"
Dr. Albert Hoffman, an early researcher into the uses of LSD,
was horrified by what the CIA was doing: "I had perfected LSD for
medical use, not as a weapon. It can make you insane or even kill
you if it is not properly used under medical supervision. In any
case, the research should be done by medical people and not by
soldiers or intelligence agencies."
Perhaps the most frightening weapon of all is the one that can
be used to alter weather and climate. It was used with
considerable success in Vietnam. It slowed troop movements with
heavy rains, and it destroyed the rice crop, as well. The danger
is that these climatological changes may become permanent,
affecting not only enemies of the United States, but also the
entire planet.
Finally, considerable evidence exists that the United States,
through the CIA, employed germ warfare during the Korean War. A
number of captured pilots testified that germ warfare was used, but
their testimony was dismissed as brainwashing. A Marine Corps
colonel named Frank H. Schwable signed a germ warfare confession
and, according to W.H. Bowart, "named names, cited missions,
described meetings and strategy conferences."
Schwable later repudiated his confession. But the charges of
germ warfare were taken up in front of the United Nations, and a
number of countries believed them.
The United States, incidentally, was later charged with using
nerve gas in Vietnam.
What you have read on these pages is pretty revolting stuff.
Yet, if the world ought to be saved from Communism, who can say it
is not necessary? One danger, of course, is that these terrible
weapons have been introduced into our body politic and have
produced strange and terrible fruits on our own native soil. When
assassination becomes government policy, when men are trained to
kill in every conceivable way, when morality is set aside for a
"higher good," can even the President of the United States consider
himself safe?</p>
<p> Andrew Stark is a pseudonym for a specialist on weaponry.</p>
<p>--
daveus rattus </p>
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.
t</xml>

584
regexConsp/cia-sws.xml
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@ -7,310 +7,310 @@ Organization: Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 1992 15:56:51 GMT
Lines: 321</p>
<p> unless we know MUCH MORE about the atrocities committed "in the interests
and name of `national security,'" how can we possibly become sufficiently
motivated and driven to dedicate our energies towards changing this form
of "government" by lies, dissembling, expediency, profit-as-god, and
murder? we have no idea what is "done in our name." if we did, we would
no longer be able to participate in its commoditized seductiveness because
we would not be able to look ourselves in the mirror or sleep at night.
--ratitor</p>
<p> unless we know MUCH MORE about the atrocities committed "in the interests
and name of `national security,'" how can we possibly become sufficiently
motivated and driven to dedicate our energies towards changing this form
of "government" by lies, dissembling, expediency, profit-as-god, and
murder? we have no idea what is "done in our name." if we did, we would
no longer be able to participate in its commoditized seductiveness because
we would not be able to look ourselves in the mirror or sleep at night.
--ratitor</p>
<p> the following is taken from the June, 1978 issue of "Gallery" magazine:
__________________________________________________________________________
THE CIA'S SECRET WEAPONS SYSTEMS
by Andrew Stark</p>
<p> the following is taken from the June, 1978 issue of "Gallery" magazine:
__________________________________________________________________________
THE CIA'S SECRET WEAPONS SYSTEMS
by Andrew Stark</p>
<p> Exploding wine bottles, guns constructed out of pipes,
bullets made of teeth, aspirin explosives: they sound like
props from a second-rate spy story. Horrifyingly enough,
they are real. The CIA has spent a great deal of its time--
and your money--developing countless bizarre weapons for
assassination, sabotage, and mass destruction. If that's
news to you, it's because the CIA doesn't want these
products, some of which are quite easy to put together, to
fall into the "wrong hands." As for whether they are in the
right hands now--judge for yourself.</p>
<p> Exploding wine bottles, guns constructed out of pipes,
bullets made of teeth, aspirin explosives: they sound like
props from a second-rate spy story. Horrifyingly enough,
they are real. The CIA has spent a great deal of its time--
and your money--developing countless bizarre weapons for
assassination, sabotage, and mass destruction. If that's
news to you, it's because the CIA doesn't want these
products, some of which are quite easy to put together, to
fall into the "wrong hands." As for whether they are in the
right hands now--judge for yourself.</p>
<p> The CIA has developed many exotic and sophisticated devices
intended for use in interrogation, sabotage, and assassination.
These weapons are necessary--if you grant that what the CIA itself
does is necessary. If the CIA wants to eliminate a key KGB agent
operating in Hungary, it faces certain problems. It would be
virtually impossible to slip a deadly weapon, such as a gun or
bomb, past Hungarian customs officials. Thus, the CIA assassin
must assemble his weapon from commonly obtainable materials after
he crosses the border.
The CIA agent might decide to construct a urea nitrate
explosive, commonly known as a urine bomb. This weapon is quite
deadly, easily exploded, and consists primarily of nitric acid and
urine. The urine bomb is one of literally hundreds of murderous
weapons in the CIA arsenal.
"The New York Times" of September 26, 1975 revealed the
existence of guns that shoot cobra-venom darts. Then there was the
shoe polish compound intended to make Fidel Castro's beard fall
out, so that he would lose his "charisma." And CIA laboratories in
Fort Monmouth, New Jersey developed the famous rifle that shoots
around corners.
Some CIA weapons are designed to kill many people--deadly germs
can be released in subways; others are intended to kill a single,
specific individual--the Borgia ring contains deadly poison to be
slipped into a victim's drink; and still others are standard
weapons supplied for such missions as overthrowing the Allende
government in Chile in 1973.
The information about CIA weapons that you will read in this
article generally has not been made public before. It was not
intended to be. But your tax dollars pay for these devices; it is
your right to know about them.
There is a booklet, written in 1977 and distributed to a select
group of U.S. mercenaries, titled "CIA Improvised Sabotage
Devices." This instructional guidebook, part of "the Combat
Bookshelf," was published by Desert Publications, P.O. Box 22005,
Phoenix, Arizona 85028. If you want to know how the CIA turns a
cigar box into an explosive that can destroy a 10,000-gallon
capacity storage tank, then "CIA Improvised Sabotage Devices" is
what you should read. You will need it if you want to build the
"Water-Drip Electric Delay," a bomb that requires little more than
wood scrap, a tin can, and a battery. The "Pocket Watch Electric
Delay" requires little more than a watch, a screw, and a battery.
The "Mousetrap Electric Release" is another bomb, this one
requiring a mousetrap, a trip wire, a battery, and little else. It
is described as "an excellent device to use with bazooka rockets
against trucks, tanks, or locomotives." The "Chemical
Instantaneous Initiator" is made from a sugar-chlorate mix and is
effective in sabotaging trains. The "Martini Glass Shaped Charge"
is a bomb that also can be made out of a beer can. You might want
to try to construct the "Vehicle Booby Trap." The "Potassium
Chlorate and Sugar Igniter" and the "Sawdust, Moth Flakes, and Oil
Incendiary" can be made with only what you see in their titles.
For these and more than fifty other CIA devices, step-by-step
instructions on how to make them and illustrations of what they
should look like when completed are given. Turn a wine bottle into
a bomb. Build a land-mine rocket. Manufacture napalm in your
basement. Even the simple how-tos of causing a dust explosion can
be found in "CIA Improvised Sabotage Devices."
Why is the CIA so deeply involved in sabotage techniques? The
CIA might think it is in this country's interest to delay
scientific work being done by another nation. Or, the CIA might
want to disrupt a nation's economy in the hope that the resulting
chaos will lead to civil unrest and the overthrow of the existing
government (some of this actually happened in Chile). The original
John Rockefeller used such tactics against his competitors. He
simply had their refineries blown up.
Another pamphlet the CIA would not like you to see is titled
"How to Kill," written by John Minnery, edited by Robert Brown and
Peder Lund, and published by Paladin Press, Box 1307, Boulder,
Colorado 80306. The reason the CIA would prefer that you not see
this eighty-eight-page pamphlet, which is unavailable at bookstores
and newsstands, is because it contains a number of "ingenious"
methods of doing what the title says. Also, Paladin Press, which
published a book called "OSS Sabotage and Demolition Manual," is
widely regarded by journalists as an organization with close ties
to mercenary groups and the CIA. Paladin Press doesn't want you to
know that, but how else could they have published the "OSS Sabotage
and Demolition Manual?" The Office of Strategic Services was the
precursor of today's CIA.
This writer's call to Colorado yielded the following
conversation:</p>
<p> The CIA has developed many exotic and sophisticated devices
intended for use in interrogation, sabotage, and assassination.
These weapons are necessary--if you grant that what the CIA itself
does is necessary. If the CIA wants to eliminate a key KGB agent
operating in Hungary, it faces certain problems. It would be
virtually impossible to slip a deadly weapon, such as a gun or
bomb, past Hungarian customs officials. Thus, the CIA assassin
must assemble his weapon from commonly obtainable materials after
he crosses the border.
The CIA agent might decide to construct a urea nitrate
explosive, commonly known as a urine bomb. This weapon is quite
deadly, easily exploded, and consists primarily of nitric acid and
urine. The urine bomb is one of literally hundreds of murderous
weapons in the CIA arsenal.
"The New York Times" of September 26, 1975 revealed the
existence of guns that shoot cobra-venom darts. Then there was the
shoe polish compound intended to make Fidel Castro's beard fall
out, so that he would lose his "charisma." And CIA laboratories in
Fort Monmouth, New Jersey developed the famous rifle that shoots
around corners.
Some CIA weapons are designed to kill many people--deadly germs
can be released in subways; others are intended to kill a single,
specific individual--the Borgia ring contains deadly poison to be
slipped into a victim's drink; and still others are standard
weapons supplied for such missions as overthrowing the Allende
government in Chile in 1973.
The information about CIA weapons that you will read in this
article generally has not been made public before. It was not
intended to be. But your tax dollars pay for these devices; it is
your right to know about them.
There is a booklet, written in 1977 and distributed to a select
group of U.S. mercenaries, titled "CIA Improvised Sabotage
Devices." This instructional guidebook, part of "the Combat
Bookshelf," was published by Desert Publications, P.O. Box 22005,
Phoenix, Arizona 85028. If you want to know how the CIA turns a
cigar box into an explosive that can destroy a 10,000-gallon
capacity storage tank, then "CIA Improvised Sabotage Devices" is
what you should read. You will need it if you want to build the
"Water-Drip Electric Delay," a bomb that requires little more than
wood scrap, a tin can, and a battery. The "Pocket Watch Electric
Delay" requires little more than a watch, a screw, and a battery.
The "Mousetrap Electric Release" is another bomb, this one
requiring a mousetrap, a trip wire, a battery, and little else. It
is described as "an excellent device to use with bazooka rockets
against trucks, tanks, or locomotives." The "Chemical
Instantaneous Initiator" is made from a sugar-chlorate mix and is
effective in sabotaging trains. The "Martini Glass Shaped Charge"
is a bomb that also can be made out of a beer can. You might want
to try to construct the "Vehicle Booby Trap." The "Potassium
Chlorate and Sugar Igniter" and the "Sawdust, Moth Flakes, and Oil
Incendiary" can be made with only what you see in their titles.
For these and more than fifty other CIA devices, step-by-step
instructions on how to make them and illustrations of what they
should look like when completed are given. Turn a wine bottle into
a bomb. Build a land-mine rocket. Manufacture napalm in your
basement. Even the simple how-tos of causing a dust explosion can
be found in "CIA Improvised Sabotage Devices."
Why is the CIA so deeply involved in sabotage techniques? The
CIA might think it is in this country's interest to delay
scientific work being done by another nation. Or, the CIA might
want to disrupt a nation's economy in the hope that the resulting
chaos will lead to civil unrest and the overthrow of the existing
government (some of this actually happened in Chile). The original
John Rockefeller used such tactics against his competitors. He
simply had their refineries blown up.
Another pamphlet the CIA would not like you to see is titled
"How to Kill," written by John Minnery, edited by Robert Brown and
Peder Lund, and published by Paladin Press, Box 1307, Boulder,
Colorado 80306. The reason the CIA would prefer that you not see
this eighty-eight-page pamphlet, which is unavailable at bookstores
and newsstands, is because it contains a number of "ingenious"
methods of doing what the title says. Also, Paladin Press, which
published a book called "OSS Sabotage and Demolition Manual," is
widely regarded by journalists as an organization with close ties
to mercenary groups and the CIA. Paladin Press doesn't want you to
know that, but how else could they have published the "OSS Sabotage
and Demolition Manual?" The Office of Strategic Services was the
precursor of today's CIA.
This writer's call to Colorado yielded the following
conversation:</p>
<p> "How could you publish the "OSS Sabotage and Demolition Manual,"
I asked Peter Lund, editor and publisher of Paladin Press, "if your
organization, at the least, was not dealing with former OSS agents?
And what about "How to Kill?"
"I don't talk to journalists," Lund said.
"You're called the Paladin Press. You must publish books. Can
I order them?"
"No."
"Why not? You're a publisher, aren't you?"
"We're afraid our publications might fall into the wrong hands."
"What are the right hands?" I asked.
"I don't talk to journalists."
"Have you ever heard of Desert Publications?" I asked.
"A fine outfit," Lund said. "If they recommend you, I'll send
you our material."
"That's my problem," I said. "They don't seem to have a phone
number."
"Well, they're a good group."
"Listen," I said, "wasn't your group, and Desert Publications
besides, involved in CIA mercenary activity in Africa?"
"I don't know anything about that."
"Were you in the Special Forces?"
"July 1967 to July 1968 in Vietnam."
"Were you CIA?"
"I was MACV [Military Armed Forces Command Vietnam]."
"You weren't affiliated with CIA?"
"I didn't say that."
"What do you say?"
"We did joint operations with CIA on the Phoenix Program."
"Wasn't that a murder operation?"
"No. It was snatching people."</p>
<p> "How could you publish the "OSS Sabotage and Demolition Manual,"
I asked Peter Lund, editor and publisher of Paladin Press, "if your
organization, at the least, was not dealing with former OSS agents?
And what about "How to Kill?"
"I don't talk to journalists," Lund said.
"You're called the Paladin Press. You must publish books. Can
I order them?"
"No."
"Why not? You're a publisher, aren't you?"
"We're afraid our publications might fall into the wrong hands."
"What are the right hands?" I asked.
"I don't talk to journalists."
"Have you ever heard of Desert Publications?" I asked.
"A fine outfit," Lund said. "If they recommend you, I'll send
you our material."
"That's my problem," I said. "They don't seem to have a phone
number."
"Well, they're a good group."
"Listen," I said, "wasn't your group, and Desert Publications
besides, involved in CIA mercenary activity in Africa?"
"I don't know anything about that."
"Were you in the Special Forces?"
"July 1967 to July 1968 in Vietnam."
"Were you CIA?"
"I was MACV [Military Armed Forces Command Vietnam]."
"You weren't affiliated with CIA?"
"I didn't say that."
"What do you say?"
"We did joint operations with CIA on the Phoenix Program."
"Wasn't that a murder operation?"
"No. It was snatching people."</p>
<p> The Phoenix Program was designed for a job that the CIA
euphemistically described as "eliminating the Viet Cong
infrastructure." In reality, it was a rampant reign of terror run
out of CIA headquarters at Langley, Virginia. Former CIA director
William Colby later termed the program "effective." The Phoenix
Program was a naked murder campaign, as proved by every realistic
report, ranging from the Bertrand Russell Tribunal to the Dellums
Committee to admissions by CIA agents themselves. The program
killed--and *none* of these killings occurred in combat--18,000
people, mostly women and children.
But what about Peder Lund, editor and publisher of Paladin
Press? The book he edited and published, "How to Kill," outlined a
surfeit of murder methods, horrific techniques of causing people to
die. For example:
"Without getting too deeply into the realm of the bizarre,"
wrote John Minnery, the author of "How to Kill" as he proceeded to
just that, "a specially loaded bullet made from a human tooth
(bicuspid) could be fired under the jaw or through the mouth into
the head. The tooth is a very hard bone, and its enamel shell
would allow it to penetrate into the brain. The intention here is
also to hide the cause of death because the examiner in his search
for a projectile will disregard bone fragments."
One last example from "How to Kill" should give you the flavor
of the book:</p>
<p> The Phoenix Program was designed for a job that the CIA
euphemistically described as "eliminating the Viet Cong
infrastructure." In reality, it was a rampant reign of terror run
out of CIA headquarters at Langley, Virginia. Former CIA director
William Colby later termed the program "effective." The Phoenix
Program was a naked murder campaign, as proved by every realistic
report, ranging from the Bertrand Russell Tribunal to the Dellums
Committee to admissions by CIA agents themselves. The program
killed--and *none* of these killings occurred in combat--18,000
people, mostly women and children.
But what about Peder Lund, editor and publisher of Paladin
Press? The book he edited and published, "How to Kill," outlined a
surfeit of murder methods, horrific techniques of causing people to
die. For example:
"Without getting too deeply into the realm of the bizarre,"
wrote John Minnery, the author of "How to Kill" as he proceeded to
just that, "a specially loaded bullet made from a human tooth
(bicuspid) could be fired under the jaw or through the mouth into
the head. The tooth is a very hard bone, and its enamel shell
would allow it to penetrate into the brain. The intention here is
also to hide the cause of death because the examiner in his search
for a projectile will disregard bone fragments."
One last example from "How to Kill" should give you the flavor
of the book:</p>
<p> Lesson Nine: Hot Wire</p>
<p> Lesson Nine: Hot Wire</p>
<p> "Essentially, the weapon is an electrified grid in the urinal
basin. This can take the form of a screen cover for the drain
or a metal grill. If the urinal is completely porcelain, the
screen must be added by the assassin. The drain cover is
connected to the electrical system of the washroom by means of
an insulated cord that is hidden behind the plumbing.
"What happens when the subject uses the urinal should be
obvious now. The subject's urine, which is a salty liquid and
a perfect conductor of electricity, makes contact with the
charged grid, and the shock will kill him."</p>
<p> "Essentially, the weapon is an electrified grid in the urinal
basin. This can take the form of a screen cover for the drain
or a metal grill. If the urinal is completely porcelain, the
screen must be added by the assassin. The drain cover is
connected to the electrical system of the washroom by means of
an insulated cord that is hidden behind the plumbing.
"What happens when the subject uses the urinal should be
obvious now. The subject's urine, which is a salty liquid and
a perfect conductor of electricity, makes contact with the
charged grid, and the shock will kill him."</p>
<p> This reporter's investigation revealed that the "Hot Wire" was
child's play compared to certain other CIA weapons devices. For
instance, I was able to obtain Volumes One and Two of the "CIA
Black Book" on improvised munitions, volumes that are stamped "for
official use only" on almost every page. It is obvious why the CIA
would like these books to remain secret. With elaborate
instructions, they describe how to make high explosives from
aspirin, how to construct a nail grenade, and how to turn a Coke
bottle into a bomb.
Described in detail in the "Black Book" is the previously
mentioned urea nitrate explosive, or, as it is known to the pros,
"the piss bomb." Instructions for the preparation of this weapon
assure the maker that animal urine will do as well as human; the
important thing is to have ten cups of it, boil it down to one cup,
and mix it with the nitric acid.
Also described in the "Black Book" is how to construct a pipe
pistol, which, as the name indicates, is a gun constructed out of a
pipe. Other weapons include a cooking syringe filled with poison
that can be stabbed into "the subject's" stomach; a cyanide gas
pistol; a throat cutter gauntlet knife (razor sharp and only an
inch or so in length); and a mixture of fertilizer and aluminum
powder that can be made into a powerful bomb.
Why build murder weapons out of such weird material? Is the CIA
insane?
No. In its own way, the whole thing is perfectly logical.
The pamphlet "How to Kill" explained it all: "As most of these
devices are homemade, this precludes the possibility of their being
traced. They are, in effect, `sanitized' and perfect for
assassinations, where weapons are prohibited, or where customs in
the hostile country are stringent, so these can be made from local
materials."
Being a contract killer for the CIA is not all roses. You
cannot kill in just any way. A number of attempts have been made
on Fidel Castro's life--some with the CIA and the Mafia
cooperating--and some of them may have failed because of
restrictions imposed on the potential assassins. It would be
unacceptable for Castro's murder to be laid at the door of the CIA.
This would make Castro a martyr in the eyes of his countrymen.
Thus, a method that would suggest death by natural causes must be
found.
Abundant speculation and considerable evidence suggest that the
CIA or some other government agency arranged for the "natural"
deaths of David Ferrie, Jack Ruby, George De Mohrenschildt, and
other potential witnesses into the assassination of John Kennedy.
Some methods of killing, like the injection of an air bubble into
the bloodstream, will often go unnoticed by medical examiners.
Another hard-to-trace method of killing is to mail a snake to
the victim. This is known as killing by long distance. A
disadvantage to this method is that the snake might bite an
innocent third party who just happens to open the package. The
advantage is that once the snake has struck, the evidence can
simply slither away.
Sometimes, as the CIA knows, killing has to be done at close
range. For this purpose, a valuable weapon is the ice pick with a
blood arrester attached. The blood arrester is a cloth wrapped
near the tip of the ice pick. When the pick is shoved into the
victim, the spurting blood is absorbed by the blood arrester.
People who see the victim fall will probably think he has had a
heart attack. While the onlookers try to help the victim, the
assassin uses this valuable ten or fifteen seconds to escape
unnoticed.
Often it is advisable to use what is called in the trade a
"quiet weapon." Silenced weapons can include pistols, rifles, and
even machine guns.
Poison is a quiet killer. Here is a partial list of the poisons
the CIA has become expert at administering: oil of bitter almonds;
ant paste; cadmium, used in vapor form, and death is delayed four
hours; radiator cleaner, also causing a delayed death;
Cantharides (Spanish Fly); ethyl mercury; and freon, heated by a
flame. These poisons and many others are listed in "How to Kill."
The author then cautions the reader:
"Unless otherwise stated, these poisons are either to be
injected into the subject, or taken orally by him by adding it to
his food. Use common sense in the application of these potions
and, if possible, double the O.D. necessary."
W.H. Bowart, in his book, "Operation Mind Control" described the
CIA's use of drugs: "In 1953, the CIA made plans to purchase ten
kilograms of LSD for use in `drug experiments with animals and
human beings.' Since there are more than 10,000 doses in a gram,
that meant the CIA wanted 100 million doses. The CIA obviously
intended to `corner the market' on LSD so that other countries
would not be ahead of the U.S. in their potential for `LSD
warfare.'"
Dr. Albert Hoffman, an early researcher into the uses of LSD,
was horrified by what the CIA was doing: "I had perfected LSD for
medical use, not as a weapon. It can make you insane or even kill
you if it is not properly used under medical supervision. In any
case, the research should be done by medical people and not by
soldiers or intelligence agencies."
Perhaps the most frightening weapon of all is the one that can
be used to alter weather and climate. It was used with
considerable success in Vietnam. It slowed troop movements with
heavy rains, and it destroyed the rice crop, as well. The danger
is that these climatological changes may become permanent,
affecting not only enemies of the United States, but also the
entire planet.
Finally, considerable evidence exists that the United States,
through the CIA, employed germ warfare during the Korean War. A
number of captured pilots testified that germ warfare was used, but
their testimony was dismissed as brainwashing. A Marine Corps
colonel named Frank H. Schwable signed a germ warfare confession
and, according to W.H. Bowart, "named names, cited missions,
described meetings and strategy conferences."
Schwable later repudiated his confession. But the charges of
germ warfare were taken up in front of the United Nations, and a
number of countries believed them.
The United States, incidentally, was later charged with using
nerve gas in Vietnam.
What you have read on these pages is pretty revolting stuff.
Yet, if the world ought to be saved from Communism, who can say it
is not necessary? One danger, of course, is that these terrible
weapons have been introduced into our body politic and have
produced strange and terrible fruits on our own native soil. When
assassination becomes government policy, when men are trained to
kill in every conceivable way, when morality is set aside for a
"higher good," can even the President of the United States consider
himself safe?</p>
<p> This reporter's investigation revealed that the "Hot Wire" was
child's play compared to certain other CIA weapons devices. For
instance, I was able to obtain Volumes One and Two of the "CIA
Black Book" on improvised munitions, volumes that are stamped "for
official use only" on almost every page. It is obvious why the CIA
would like these books to remain secret. With elaborate
instructions, they describe how to make high explosives from
aspirin, how to construct a nail grenade, and how to turn a Coke
bottle into a bomb.
Described in detail in the "Black Book" is the previously
mentioned urea nitrate explosive, or, as it is known to the pros,
"the piss bomb." Instructions for the preparation of this weapon
assure the maker that animal urine will do as well as human; the
important thing is to have ten cups of it, boil it down to one cup,
and mix it with the nitric acid.
Also described in the "Black Book" is how to construct a pipe
pistol, which, as the name indicates, is a gun constructed out of a
pipe. Other weapons include a cooking syringe filled with poison
that can be stabbed into "the subject's" stomach; a cyanide gas
pistol; a throat cutter gauntlet knife (razor sharp and only an
inch or so in length); and a mixture of fertilizer and aluminum
powder that can be made into a powerful bomb.
Why build murder weapons out of such weird material? Is the CIA
insane?
No. In its own way, the whole thing is perfectly logical.
The pamphlet "How to Kill" explained it all: "As most of these
devices are homemade, this precludes the possibility of their being
traced. They are, in effect, `sanitized' and perfect for
assassinations, where weapons are prohibited, or where customs in
the hostile country are stringent, so these can be made from local
materials."
Being a contract killer for the CIA is not all roses. You
cannot kill in just any way. A number of attempts have been made
on Fidel Castro's life--some with the CIA and the Mafia
cooperating--and some of them may have failed because of
restrictions imposed on the potential assassins. It would be
unacceptable for Castro's murder to be laid at the door of the CIA.
This would make Castro a martyr in the eyes of his countrymen.
Thus, a method that would suggest death by natural causes must be
found.
Abundant speculation and considerable evidence suggest that the
CIA or some other government agency arranged for the "natural"
deaths of David Ferrie, Jack Ruby, George De Mohrenschildt, and
other potential witnesses into the assassination of John Kennedy.
Some methods of killing, like the injection of an air bubble into
the bloodstream, will often go unnoticed by medical examiners.
Another hard-to-trace method of killing is to mail a snake to
the victim. This is known as killing by long distance. A
disadvantage to this method is that the snake might bite an
innocent third party who just happens to open the package. The
advantage is that once the snake has struck, the evidence can
simply slither away.
Sometimes, as the CIA knows, killing has to be done at close
range. For this purpose, a valuable weapon is the ice pick with a
blood arrester attached. The blood arrester is a cloth wrapped
near the tip of the ice pick. When the pick is shoved into the
victim, the spurting blood is absorbed by the blood arrester.
People who see the victim fall will probably think he has had a
heart attack. While the onlookers try to help the victim, the
assassin uses this valuable ten or fifteen seconds to escape
unnoticed.
Often it is advisable to use what is called in the trade a
"quiet weapon." Silenced weapons can include pistols, rifles, and
even machine guns.
Poison is a quiet killer. Here is a partial list of the poisons
the CIA has become expert at administering: oil of bitter almonds;
ant paste; cadmium, used in vapor form, and death is delayed four
hours; radiator cleaner, also causing a delayed death;
Cantharides (Spanish Fly); ethyl mercury; and freon, heated by a
flame. These poisons and many others are listed in "How to Kill."
The author then cautions the reader:
"Unless otherwise stated, these poisons are either to be
injected into the subject, or taken orally by him by adding it to
his food. Use common sense in the application of these potions
and, if possible, double the O.D. necessary."
W.H. Bowart, in his book, "Operation Mind Control" described the
CIA's use of drugs: "In 1953, the CIA made plans to purchase ten
kilograms of LSD for use in `drug experiments with animals and
human beings.' Since there are more than 10,000 doses in a gram,
that meant the CIA wanted 100 million doses. The CIA obviously
intended to `corner the market' on LSD so that other countries
would not be ahead of the U.S. in their potential for `LSD
warfare.'"
Dr. Albert Hoffman, an early researcher into the uses of LSD,
was horrified by what the CIA was doing: "I had perfected LSD for
medical use, not as a weapon. It can make you insane or even kill
you if it is not properly used under medical supervision. In any
case, the research should be done by medical people and not by
soldiers or intelligence agencies."
Perhaps the most frightening weapon of all is the one that can
be used to alter weather and climate. It was used with
considerable success in Vietnam. It slowed troop movements with
heavy rains, and it destroyed the rice crop, as well. The danger
is that these climatological changes may become permanent,
affecting not only enemies of the United States, but also the
entire planet.
Finally, considerable evidence exists that the United States,
through the CIA, employed germ warfare during the Korean War. A
number of captured pilots testified that germ warfare was used, but
their testimony was dismissed as brainwashing. A Marine Corps
colonel named Frank H. Schwable signed a germ warfare confession
and, according to W.H. Bowart, "named names, cited missions,
described meetings and strategy conferences."
Schwable later repudiated his confession. But the charges of
germ warfare were taken up in front of the United Nations, and a
number of countries believed them.
The United States, incidentally, was later charged with using
nerve gas in Vietnam.
What you have read on these pages is pretty revolting stuff.
Yet, if the world ought to be saved from Communism, who can say it
is not necessary? One danger, of course, is that these terrible
weapons have been introduced into our body politic and have
produced strange and terrible fruits on our own native soil. When
assassination becomes government policy, when men are trained to
kill in every conceivable way, when morality is set aside for a
"higher good," can even the President of the United States consider
himself safe?</p>
<p> Andrew Stark is a pseudonym for a specialist on weaponry.</p>
<p> Andrew Stark is a pseudonym for a specialist on weaponry.</p>
<p>--
daveus rattus </p>
daveus rattus </p>
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.
t</p></xml>

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<xml><p>EX-CIA OFFICIAL SPEAKS OUT</p>
<p>By Greg Kaza</p>
<p> This article is reprinted from Full Disclosure. Copyright (c) 1986
Capitol Information Association. All rights reserved. Permission is hereby
granted to reprint this article providing this message is included in its
entirety. Full Disclosure, Box 8275, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107. $15/yr.</p>
<p>Full Disclosure: I'd like to start out by talking about your well-known book,
`The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence.' What edition is that in today?</p>
<p>Marchetti: The latest edition came out last summer. Its the Laurel edition,
Dell paperback.</p>
<p>FD: Its gone through a couple of printings?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Yes. It was originally published by Alfred Knopf in hardback and
by Dell in paperback. That was in 1974 with Knopf and 1975 with Dell. Then a
few years later we got some more of the deletions back from the government,
so Dell put out a second printing. That would have been about 1979. Then
recently, during the summer of 1983, we got back a few more deletions and
that's the current edition that is available in good bookstores (laughs) in
Dell paperback, the Laurel edition.</p>
<p>Originally the CIA asked for 340 deletions. We got about half of those back
in negotiations prior to the trial. We later won the trial, they were
supposed to give everything back but it was overturned at the appellate
level. The Supreme Court did not hear the case, so the appellate decision
stood. We got back 170 of those deletions in negotiations during the trial
period. A few years later when the second paperback edition came out there
were another 24 deletions given back. The last time, in 1983, when the the
third edition of the paperback edition was published, there were another 35
given back. So there are still 110 deletions in the book out of an original
340.</p>
<p>As for the trial, the CIA sued in early 1972 to have the right to review and
censor the book. They won that case. It was upheld at the appellate court in
Richmond some months later, and again the Supreme Court did not hear the
case. Two years later we sued the CIA on the grounds that they had been
arbitrary, capricious and unreasonable in making deletions and were in
violation of the injunction they had won in 1972. We went before Judge Albert
V. Bryan Jr., and in that case, he decided in our favor. Bryan was the same
fourth district judge in Alexandria who heard the original case. He said that
there was nothing in the book that was harmful to national security or that
was logically classifiable. Bryan said the CIA was being capricious and
arbitrary. They appealed, and a few months later down in Richmond the
appellate court for the fourth district decided in the government's favor,
and overturned Bryan's decision. Again, the Supreme Court did not hear the
case. It chose not to hear it, and the appellate court's decision stood.</p>
<p>By this time, we had grown weary of the legal process. The book was published
with blank spaces except for those items that had been given back in
negotiations. Those items were printed in bold face type to show the kind of
stuff the CIA was trying to cut out. In all subsequent editions, the
additional material is highlighted to show what it is they were trying to cut
out.</p>
<p>Of course the CIA's position is that only they know what is a secret. They
don't make the national security argument because that is too untenable these
days. They say that they have a right to classify anything that they want to,
and only they know what is classifiable. They are establishing a precedent,
and have established a precedent in this case that has been used subsequently
against ex-CIA people like Frank Snepp and John Stockwell and others, and in
particular against Ralph McGee. They've also used it against (laughing), its
kind of ironic, two former CIA directors, one of whom was William Colby.
Colby was the guy behind my case when he was director. In fact, he was sued
by the CIA and had to pay a fine of I think, about $30,000 for putting
something in that they wanted out about the Glomar Explorer. He thought they
were just being, as I would say, ``arbitrary and capricious,'' so he put it
in anyway, was sued, and had to pay a fine. Admiral Stansfield Turner was
another who, like Colby when he was director, was the great defender of
keeping everything secret and only allowing the CIA to reveal anything. When
Turner got around to writing his book he had the same problems with them and
is very bitter about it and has said so. His book just recently came out and
he's been on a lot of TV shows saying, ``Hells bells, I was director and I
know what is classified and what isn't but these guys are ridiculous,
bureaucratic,'' and all of these accusations you hear. It is ironic because
even the former directors of the CIA have been burned by the very precedents
that they helped to establish.</p>
<p>FD: What are the prospects for the remaining censored sections of your book
eventually becoming declassified so that they are available to the American
people?</p>
<p>Marchetti: If I have a publisher, and am willing to go back at the CIA every
year or two years forcing a review, little by little, everything would come
out eventually. I can't imagine anything they would delete. There might be a
few items that the CIA would hold onto for principle's sake. Everything that
is in that book, whether it was deleted or not, has leaked out in one way or
another, has become known to the public in one form or another since then. So
you know its really a big joke.</p>
<p>FD: Looking back on it, what effect did the publication of the `The CIA and
the Cult of Intelligence' have on your life?</p>
<p>Marchetti: It had a tremendous effect on my life. The book put me in a
position where I would forever be persona non grata with the bureaucracy in
the federal government, which means, that I cannot get a job anywhere, a job
that is, specific to my background and talents. Particularly if the company
has any form of government relationship, any kind of government contract.
That stops the discussions right there. But even companies that are not
directly allied with the government tend to be very skittish because I was so
controversial and they just don't feel the need to get into this. I have had
one job since leaving the CIA other than writing, consulting and things like
that, and that was with an independent courier company which did no business
with the government, was privately owned, and really didn't care what the
government thought. They ran their own business and they hired me as their
friend. But every other job offered to me always evaporates, because even
those individuals involved in hiring who say they want to hire me and think
the government was wrong always finish saying, ``Business is business. There
are some people here who do not want to get involved in any controversial
case.'' Through allies or former employees somebody always goes out of their
way to make it difficult for me, so I never have any other choice but to
continue to be a freelance writer, lecturer, consultant, etcetera, and even
in that area I am frequently penalized because of who I worked for.</p>
<p>FD: The government views you as a troublemaker or whistleblower?</p>
<p>Marchetti: As a whistleblower, and, I guess, troublemaker. In the
intelligence community, as one who violated the code.</p>
<p>FD: The unspoken code?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Right. And this has been the fate of all those CIA whistleblowers.
They've all had it hard. Frank Snepp, Stockwell, McGee, and others, have all
suffered the same fate. Whistleblowers in general, like Fitzgerald in the
Department of Defense, who exposed problems with the C-5A, overruns, have
also suffered the same kind of fate. But since they were not dealing in the
magical area of national security they have found that they have some leeway
and have been able to, in many other cases, find some other jobs. In some
cases the government was even forced to hire them back. Usually the
government puts them in an office somewhere in a corner, pays them $50,000 a
year, and ignores them. Which drives them crazy of course, but thats the
government's way of punishing anybody from the inside who exposes all of
these problems to the American public.</p>
<p>FD: Phillip Agee explains in his book the efforts of the CIA to undermine his
writing of `Inside The Company' both before and after publication. Have you
run into similar problems with extralegal CIA harassment?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Yes. I was under surveillance. Letters were opened. I am sure our
house was burglarized. General harassment of all sorts, and the CIA has
admitted to some of these things. One or two cases, because the Church
Committee found out. For example, the CIA admitted to working with the IRS to
try and give me a bad time. The Church Committee exposed that and they had to
drop it. They've admitted to certain other activities like the surveillance
and such, but the CIA will not release to me any documents under the Freedom
of Information Act. They won't release it all -- any documents under FOIA,
period.</p>
<p>FD: About your time with the CIA?</p>
<p>Marchetti: No, about my case. I only want the information on me after leaving
the agency and they just refuse to do it. They've told me through friends
``You can sue until you're blue in the face but you're not going to get
this'' because they know exactly what would happen. It would be a terrible
embarrassment to the CIA if all of the extralegal and illegal activities they
took became public.</p>
<p>The most interesting thing they did in my case was an attempt at entrapment,
by putting people in my path in the hopes that I would deal with these
people, who in at least one case turned out to be an undercover CIA operator
who was, if I had dealt with him, it would have appeared that I was moving to
deal with the Soviet KGB. The CIA did things of that nature. They had people
come to me and offer to finance projects if I would go to France, live there,
and write a book there without any censorship. Switzerland and Germany were
also mentioned. The CIA used a variety of techniques of that sort. I turned
down all of them because my theory is that the CIA should be exposed to a
certain degree in the hope that Congress could conduct some investigation out
of which would come some reform. I was playing the game at home and that is
the way I was going to play. Play it by the rules, whatever handicap that
meant. Which in the end was a tremendous handicap.</p>
<p>But it did work out in the sense that my book did get published. The CIA drew
a lot of attention to it through their attempts to prevent it from being
written and their attempts at censorship, which simply increased the appetite
of the public, media, and Congress, to see what they were trying to hide and
why. All of this was happening at a time when other events were occurring.
Ellsberg's Pentagon Papers had come out about the same time I announced I was
doing my book. Some big stories were broken by investigative journalists. All
of these things together, my book was part of it, did lead ultimately to
congressional investigations of the CIA. I spent a lot of time behind the
scenes on the Hill with senators and congressman lobbying for these
investigations and they finally did come to pass.</p>
<p>It took awhile. President Ford tried to sweep everything under the rug by
creating the Rockefeller Commission, which admitted to a few CIA mistakes but
swept everything under the rug. It didn't wash publicly. By this time, the
public didn't buy the government's lying. So we ultimately did have the Pike
Committee, which the CIA and the White House did manage to sabotage. But the
big one was the Church Committee in the Senate which conducted a pretty broad
investigation and brought out a lot of information on the CIA. The result of
that investigation was that the CIA did have to admit to a lot of wrongdoing
and did have to make certain reforms. Not as much as I would have liked. I
think everything has gone back to where it was and maybe even worse than what
it was, but at least there was a temporary halt to the CIA's free reign of
hiding behind secrecy and getting away with everything, up to and including
murder. There were some changes and I think they were all for the better.</p>
<p>FD: So instead of some of the more harsher critics of the CIA who would want
to see it abolished you would want to reform it?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Yes. Its one of these things where you can't throw out the baby
with the bathwater. The CIA does do some very good and valuable and
worthwhile and legal things. Particularly in the collection of information
throughout the world, and in the analysis of events around the world. All of
this is a legitimate activity, and what the CIA was really intended to do in
the beginning when they were set up. My main complaint is that over the years
those legitimate activities have to a great extent been reduced in
importance, and certain clandestine activities, particularly the covert
action, have come to the fore. Covert action is essentially the intervention
in the internal affairs of other governments in order to manipulate events,
using everything from propaganda, disinformation, political action, economic
action, all the way down to the really dirty stuff like para-military
activity. This activity, there was too much of it. It was being done for the
wrong reasons, and it was counterproductive. It was in this area where the
CIA was really violating U.S. law and the intent of the U.S. Constitution,
and for that matter, I think, the wishes of Congress and the American people.
This was the area that needed to be thoroughly investigated and reformed. My
suggestion was that the CIA should be split into two organizations. One, the
good CIA so to speak, would collect and analyze information. The other part,
in the dirty tricks business, would be very small and very tightly controlled
by Congress and the White House, and if possible, some kind of a public board
so that it didn't get out of control.</p>
<p>My theory is, and I've proved it over and over again along with other people,
is that the basic reason for secrecy is not to keep the enemy from knowing
what you're doing. He knows what you're doing because he's the target of it,
and he's not stupid. The reason for the CIA to hide behind secrecy is to keep
the public, and in particular the American public, from knowing what they're
doing. This is done so that the President can deny that we were responsible
for sabotaging some place over in Lebanon where a lot of people were killed.
So that the President can deny period. Here is a good example: President
Eisenhower denied we were involved in attempts to overthrow the Indonesian
government in 1958 until the CIA guys got caught and the Indonesians produced
them. He looked like a fool. So did the N.Y. Times and everybody else who
believed him. That is the real reason for secrecy.</p>
<p>There is a second reason for secrecy. That is that if the public doesn't know
what you are doing you can lie to them because they don't know what the truth
is. This is a very bad part of the CIA because this is where you get not only
propaganda on the American people but actually disinformation, which is to
say lies and falsehoods, peddled to the American public as the truth and
which they accept as gospel. That's wrong. It's not only wrong, its a lie and
it allows the government and those certain elements of the government that
can hide behind secrecy to get away with things that nobody knows about. If
you carefully analyze all of these issues that keep coming up in Congress
over the CIA, this is always what is at the heart of it: That the CIA lied
about it, or that the CIA misrepresented something, or the White House did
it, because the CIA and the White House work hand in glove. The CIA is not a
power unto itself. It is an instrument of power. A tool. A very powerful tool
which has an influence on whoever is manipulating it. But basically the CIA
is controlled by the White House, the inner circle of government, the inner
circle of the establishment in general. The CIA is doing what these people
want done so these people are appreciative and protective of them, and they
in turn make suggestions or even go off on their own sometimes and operate
deep cover for the CIA. So it develops into a self-feeding circle.</p>
<p>FD: Spreading disinformation is done through the newsmedia.</p>
<p>Marchetti: Yes. Its done through the newsmedia. The fallacy is that the CIA
says the real reason they do this is to con the Soviets. Now I'll give you
some examples. One was a fellow by the name of Colonel Oleg Penkovsky.</p>
<p>FD: Penkovsky Papers?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Yes. I wrote about that in `The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence.
The Penkovsky Papers was a phony story. We wrote the book in the CIA. Now,
who in the hell are we kidding? The Soviets? Do we think for one minute that
the Soviets, who among other things captured Penkovsky, interrogated him, and
executed him, do you think for one minute they believe he kept a diary like
that? How could he have possibly have done it under the circumstances? The
whole thing is ludicrous. So we're not fooling the Soviets. What we're doing
is fooling the American people and pumping up the CIA. The British are
notorious for this kind of thing. They're always putting out phony
autobiographies and biographies on their spies and their activities which are
just outright lies. They're done really to maintain the myth of English
secret intelligence so that they will continue to get money to continue to
operate. Thats the real reason. The ostensible reason is that we were trying
to confuse the Soviets. Well that's bullshit because they're not confused.</p>
<p>One of the ones I think is really great is `Khruschev Remembers.' If anybody
in his right mind believes that Nikita Khruschev sat down, and dictated his
memoirs, and somebody -- Strobe Talbot sneaked out of the Soviet Union with
them they're crazy. That story is a lie. That book was a joint operation
between the CIA and the KGB. Both of them were doing it for the exact same
reasons. They both wanted to influence their own publics. We did it our way
by pretending that Khruschev had done all of this stuff and we had lucked out
and somehow gotten a book out of it. The Soviets did it because they could
not in their system allow Khruschev to write his memoirs. Thats just against
everything that the Communist system stands for. But they did need him to
speak out on certain issues. Brezhnev particularly needed him to
short-circuit some of the initiatives of the right wing, the Stalinist wing
of the party. Of course the KGB was not going to allow the book to be
published in the Soviet Union. The stuff got out so that it could be
published by the Americans. That doesn't mean that the KGB didn't let copies
slip into the Soviet Union and let it go all around. The Soviets achieved
their purpose too.</p>
<p>This is one of the most fantastic cases, I think, in intelligence history.
Two rival governments cooperated with each other on a secret operation to
dupe their respective publics. I always wanted to go into much greater length
on this but I just never got around to it. Suffice it to say that TIME
magazine threatened to cancel a two-page magazine article they were doing on
me and my book if I didn't cut a brief mention of this episode out of the
book.</p>
<p>FD: How was this operation initially set up?</p>
<p>Marchetti: I don't know all of the ins and outs of it. I imagine what
happened is that it probably started with somebody in the Soviet Politburo
going to Khruschev and saying, ``Hey, behind the scenes we're having lots of
trouble with the right-wing Stalinist types. They're giving Brehznev a bad
time and they're trying to undercut all of the changes you made and all of
the changes Brehznev has made and wants to make. Its pretty hard to deal with
it so we've got an idea. Since you're retired and living here in your dacha
why don't you just sit back and dictate your memoirs. And of course the KGB
will review them and make sure you don't say anything you shouldn't say and
so on and so forth. Then we will get in touch with our counterparts, and see
to it that this information gets out to the West, which will publish it, and
then it will get back to the Soviet Union in a variety of forms. It will get
back in summaries broadcast by the Voice of America and Radio Liberty, and
copies of the book will come back in, articles written about it will be
smuggled in, and this in turn will be a big influence on the intelligentsia
and the party leaders and it will undercut Suslov and the right wingers.''
Khruschev said okay. The KGB then went to the CIA and explained things to
them and the CIA said, Well that sounds good, we'll get some friends of ours
here, the TIME magazine bureau in Moscow, Jerry Schecter would later have a
job in the White House as a press officer. We'll get people like Strobe
Talbot, who is working at the bureau there, we'll get these guys to act as
the go-betweens. They'll come and see you for the memoirs and everyone will
play dumb. You give them two suitcases full of tapes (laughs) or something
like that and let them get out of the Soviet Union. Which is exactly what
happened.</p>
<p>Strobe brought all of this stuff back to Washington and then TIME-LIFE began
to process it and put a book together. They wouldn't let anybody hear the
tapes, they didn't show anybody anything. A lot of people were very
suspicious. You know you can tell this to the public or anybody else who
doesn't have the least brains in their head about how the Soviet Union
operates and get away with it. But anybody who knows the least bit about the
Soviet Union knows the whole thing is impossible. A former Soviet premier
cannot sit in his dacha and make these tapes and then give them to a U.S.
newspaperman and let him walk out of the country with them. That cannot be
done in a closed society, a police state, like the Soviet Union.</p>
<p>The book was eventually published but before it was published there was
another little interesting affair. Strobe Talbot went to Helsinki with the
manuscript, where he was met by the KGB who took it back to Leningrad, looked
at it, and then it was finally published by TIME-LIFE. None of that has ever
been explained in my book. A couple of other journalists have made references
to this episode but never went into it. It's an open secret in the press
corps here in Washington and New York, but nobody ever wrote a real big story
for a lot of reasons, because I guess it's just the kind of story that it's
difficult for them to get their hooks into. I knew people who were then in
the White House and State Department who were very suspicious of it because
they thought the KGB...</p>
<p>FD: Had duped TIME?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Exactly. Once they learned this was a deal they quieted down and
ceased their objections and complaints, and even alibied and lied afterwards
as part of the bigger game. Victor Lewis, who was apparently instrumental in
all of these negotiations, later fit into one little footnote to this story
that I've often wondered about. Lewis is (was)... After all of this happened
and when the little furor that existed here in official Washington began
dying down, Victor Lewis went to Tel Aviv for medical treatment. He came into
the country very quietly but somebody spotted him and grabbed him and said,
``What are you doing here in Israel?'' ``Well I'm here for medical treatment,
'' Lewis said. They said, ``What?! You're here in Israel for medical
treatment?'' He said, ``Yes.'' They said, ``Well whats the problem?'' ``I've
got lumbago, a back problem, and they can't fix it in the Soviet Union. but
there's a great Jewish doctor here I knew in the Soviet Union and I came to
see him.'' That sounds like the craziest story you ever wanted to hear. But
then another individual appeared in Israel at the same time and some reporter
spotted him. He happened to be Richard Helms, then-director of the CIA. He
asked Helms what he was doing in Israel, and he had some kind of a lame
excuse which started people wondering whether this was the payoff. Helms
acting for the CIA, TIME-LIFE, and the U.S. government, and Lewis acting for
the KGB, Politburo, and the Soviet government. Its really a fascinating
story. I wrote about briefly in the book and it was very short. You'll find
it if you look through the book in the section we're talking about.
Publications and things like that. When I wrote those few paragraphs there
wasn't much further I could go, because there was a lot of speculation and
analysis.</p>
<p>Around the time my book came out, TIME magazine decided that they would do a
two-page spread in their news section and give it a boost. Suddenly I started
getting calls from Jerry Schecter and Strobe Talbot about cutting that part
out. I said I would not cut it out unless they could look me in the eye and
say I was wrong. If it wasn't true I would take the book and cut the material
out. But neither of them chose to do that. Right before the article appeared
in TIME I got a call from one of the editors telling me that some people
wanted to kill the article. I asked why and he said one of the reasons is
what you had to say about TIME magazine being involved in the Khruschev
Remembers book. I asked him, ``Thats it?'' I had talked to Jerry and Strobe
and this was their backstab. This editor asked me if I could find somebody
who could trump the people who were trying to have the article killed.
Somebody who could verify my credentials in telling the story. I said why
don't you call Richard Helms, who by that time had been eased out of office
by Kissinger and Nixon, and was now an ambassador in Teheran. So this editor
called Helms to verify my credentials (laughing) and Helms said, ``Yeah, he's
a good guy. He just got pissed off and wanted to change the CIA.'' So the
article ran in TIME. I think you're one of the very few people I've explained
this story to in depth.</p>
<p>FD: Did this operation have a name?</p>
<p>Marchetti: It probably did but I was already out of the agency and I don't
know what it was. But I do know it was a very sensitive activity and that
people very high up in the White House and State Department who you would
have thought would have been aware of it were not aware of it. But then
subsequently they were clearly taken into a room and talked to in discussions
and were no longer critics and doubters and in fact became defenders of it.</p>
<p>FD: Let me make sure I am clear about the CIA's motivation...</p>
<p>Marchetti: The CIA's motivation was that here we have a former Soviet premier
talking out about the events of his career and revealing some pretty
interesting things about his thinking and the thinking of others. All of
which shows that the Soviet Union is run by a very small little clique. A
very small Byzantine-like clique. There is a strong tendency to stick with
Stalinisn and turn to Stalinism but some of the cooler heads, the more
moderate types, are trying to make changes. Its good stuff from the CIA's
point of view and from the U.S. government's point of view. This is what
we're dealing with. This is our primary rival. Look at how they are. And
Khruschev had to dictate these things in secrecy and they had to be smuggled
out of the Soviet Union.</p>
<p>Things like this are very subtle in their consistency. It's not a black and
white thing on the surface. You might say, ``Well, what's wrong with that?''
What's wrong with that is that it is a lie. The truth would have been much
more effective. Nikita Khruschev was approached by the KGB and Soviet
Politburo to dictate his memoirs, which he did under their supervision, which
means we don't know if he is telling the whole story or the complete truth
because they had an opportunity to edit it. The Russians were so anxious to
get this information out so that it could come back to the Soviet Union for
two reasons. The first was to build international pressure. The second was to
build up internal pressure against the Stalinists. They were so anxious that
they were willing to make a deal with the CIA, and give us this material. So
that we could then prepare a book. Which we did. Thats the kind of a
government we are dealing with here. These are the kinds of people they are
and the kind of lies they live.</p>
<p>FD: Let's turn to world affairs for a moment. One of the events of recent
years that has always puzzled me is United States support for the Vanaaka
Party in what was once the New Hebrides Islands. In the late '70s, before the
New Hebrides achieved independence, there were basically two factions
fighting between themselves to see who would maintain control when the
colonial powers left. The British and the French had governed the New
Hebrides under a concept known as the condominium, and before independence,
the British and the labor movement in Australia threw their support behind
the ubiquitous socialist faction, in this case, the Vanaaka Party. The French
offered some behind-the-scenes support to the second faction, which was
basically pro-free market and pro-West. The U.S. under Jimmy Carter went
along with the British. Do you have any idea why this might have been done?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Offhand, I don't. The CIA has learned over the years that you
sometimes cannot support the people you would prefer to support, because they
just do not have the popular power to gain control or maintain control
without a revolution and things of that sort. The classic example is West
Berlin. Back in the '50s we were contesting with the Russians for influence
in Berlin. This was at a time when the Russians and East Germans were putting
tremendous pressure on to have West Berlin go almost voluntarily into the
Soviet bloc. The United States was struggling mightily to keep West Berlin
free. At that point in time the strong power in West Germany were the
Christian Democrats under Konrad Adenauer, and these were the people that we
were supporting.</p>
<p>The Christian Democrats, however, just did not have the wherewithal to save
West Berlin. The situation was such that the Social Democrats were the ones
who could save West Berlin. Not getting into all of the whys and wherefores
and policy positions, the Social Democrats also had a very charismatic person
named Willy Brandt. So by backing Willy Brandt and the Social Democrats,
instead of putting all of our eggs in the Christian Democratic Party basket,
Brandt and the Social Democrats were able to maintain a free West Berlin and
we were able to achieve our goal. There were some people in the CIA who
thought this was terrible, we were not being ideologically pure, and one of
them happens to be E. Howard Hunt, who actually considered Willy Brandt a KGB
spy. So there are times when you have to, I guess you would call it, choose
the lesser of two evils.</p>
<p>It might have been a miscalculated gamble. I don't have all of the facts, but
maybe the thinking was that if we left the pro-West faction in power we may
end up with a goddamned civil war.</p>
<p>FD: In retrospect, the Carter administration's decision seems even more
tragic and mistaken. Since coming to power the Vanaaka Party has consolidated
power in the new country, now known as Vanuatu, and established diplomatic
relations with governments like Cuba and Vietnam. Socialist Vanuatu has now
come to serve as a beacon of sorts for other independence movements in that
part of the world, such as the Kanaks in New Caledonia, who have subsequently
adopted socialism as their ideology. When I asked Jimmy Carter about this
during an interview recently he said he was sorry, but he did not remember
the episode. Is it possible that this may have been an incompetent blunder on
the part of the U.S. government? That somebody didn't do their homework, and
as a result those responsible for the decision didn't have all of the facts?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Absolutely. Absolutely. Yes. Its not the kind of an issue that
draws the most attention in Washington. As you just pointed out, Jimmy Carter
doesn't even remember it. I'm sure that decision was made pretty far down the
line. If Carter ever had to make a decision he probably doesn't even remember
it because it was probably staffed down because it was considered so
inconsequential at the time by Carter and everyone involved. They considered
it so inconsequential that they don't even remember it. It's something they
signed off on. My guess from what you have told me is that it was a mistake.</p>
<p>FD: You mentioned E. Howard Hunt earlier. I understand that you wrote an
article for a Washington-based publication about the assassination of John F.
Kennedy and Hunt sued the publication, charging libel. Could you give us some
background on this matter?</p>
<p>Marchetti: The article was written in the summer of 1978 and published by
SPOTLIGHT, a weekly newspaper that advertises itself as `The Voice of the
American Populist Party.' At the time I wrote the article for SPOTLIGHT the
House Select Committee on Assassinations was getting ready to hold its
hearings reviewing the Kennedy and King assassinations. I had picked up some
information around town that a memo had recently been uncovered in the CIA,
and that the CIA was concerned about it. I believe the memo was from James
Angleton, who at the time was chief of counterintelligence for Richard Helms.
I forget the exact date, but this memo was something like six years old,
while Helms was still in office as director.</p>
<p>The memo said that at some point in time the CIA was going to have to deal
with the fact that Hunt was in Dallas the day of the Kennedy assassination or
words to that effect. There was some other information in it, such as did you
know anything about it, he wasn't doing anything for me, and back and forth.
I had that piece of information, along with information that the House Select
Committee was going to come out with tapes that indicated there was more than
one shooter during the Kennedy assassination and that the FBI, or at least
certain people in the FBI, believed these tapes to be accurate and had always
believed that there was more than one shooter.</p>
<p>I was in contact with the House Select Committee, and they were probing real
deeply into things and they were very suspicious of the Kennedy
assassination. There were some other reporters working on the story at the
time, one in particular who has a tremendous reputation, and he felt there
was something to it. So we rushed into print at SPOTLIGHT with a story
saying, based on everything we put together, that we had this information,
and we tried to predict what was going to happen. In essence we said whats
going to happen is that the committee is going to unearth some new
information that there was more than one shooter and probably come up with
this memo, this internal CIA memorandum, and there will be some other things.
Then the CIA will conduct a limited hangout, and will admit to some error or
mistake, but then sweep everything else under the rug, and in the process
they may let a few people dangle in the wind like E. Howard Hunt, Frank
Sturgis, Jerry Hemming, and other people who have been mentioned in the past
as being involved in something related to the Kennedy assassination. It was
that kind of speculative piece.</p>
<p>What happened is that about a week after my article appeared in SPOTLIGHT the
Wilmington News-Journal published an article by Joe Trento. This was a longer
and more far-ranging article, in which he discussed the memo too but in
greater detail. A couple of weeks after that Hunt informed SPOTLIGHT that he
wanted a retraction. I checked with my sources and said I don't think we
should retract. I said we should do a follow-up article. Now by this time
some CIA guy was caught stealing pictures in the committee, some spy, so
things were really hot and heavy at the time. There was a lot of expectation
that the committee was going to do something, some really good work to bring
their investigation around. So I said to SPOTLIGHT let's do a follow-up
piece, but the publisher chickened out and said, nah, what we'll do is tell
Hunt we'll give him equal space. He can say whatever he wants to in the same
amount of space.</p>
<p>Hunt ignored the offer. A couple of months later Hunt comes to town for
secret hearings with the committee, and was heard in executive session. Hunt
was suing the publisher of the book `Coup D'Etat in America,' and deposed me
in relation to that case, and then he brought in, he tried to slip in, this
SPOTLIGHT article. I was under instructions from my lawyer not to comment. My
lawyer would have me refuse to answer on the grounds of journalistic
privilege, and also on the grounds of my relationship with the CIA. My lawyer
had on his own gone to the CIA before I gave my deposition and asked them
about this, and they said to tell me to just hide behind my injunction. I
told my lawyer I don't understand it, and he told me all that the CIA said is
that they hate Hunt more than they hate you and they're not going to give
Hunt any help. So that's what I did, and that was the end of it. We thought.</p>
<p>Two years after it ran Hunt finally sued SPOTLIGHT over my article. SPOTLIGHT
thought it was such a joke, all things considered, that they really didn't
pay any attention. I never even went to the trial. I never even submitted an
affidavit. I was not deposed or anything. The Hunt people didn't even try to
call me as a witness or anything. I was left out of everything. Hunt ended up
winning a judgment for $650,000. Now SPOTLIGHT got worried. They appealed and
the Florida Appellate Court overturned the decision on certain technical
grounds, and sent it back for retrial. The retrial finally occurred earlier
this year. When it came time for the retrial, which we had close to a year to
prepare for, SPOTLIGHT got serious, and went out and hired themselves a good
lawyer, Mark Lane, who is something of an expert on the Kennedy
assassination. They got me to become involved in everything, and we ended up
going down there and just beating Hunt's pants off. The jury came in, I
think, within several hours with a verdict in our favor. The interesting
thing was the jury said we were clearly not guilty of libel and actual
malice, but they were now suspicious of Hunt and everything he invoked
because we brought out a lot of stuff on Hunt.</p>
<p>Hunt lost, and was ordered to pay our court costs in addition to everything
else. He has subsequently filed an appeal and that's where its at now. It's
up for appeal. I imagine it will probably be another six months to a year
before we hear anything further on it. Based on everything I have seen, Hunt
doesn't have a leg to stand on because the deeper he gets into this the more
he runs the risk of exposing himself. We had just all kinds of material on
Hunt. We had a deposition from Joe Trento saying, yes, he saw the internal
CIA memo. We produced one witness in deposition, Marita Lorenz, who was
Castro's lover at one point, and she said that Hunt was taking her and people
like Sturgis and Jerry Hemmings and others and running guns into Dallas.
Lorenz said that a couple of days before the assassination Hunt met them in
Dallas and made a payoff. What they all were doing, whether it was connected
to the assassination, we don't know.</p>
<p>I think if Hunt keeps pursuing this, all that he's doing is setting the stage
for more and more people to come forward and say bad things about him, and
raise more evidence that he was in Dallas that day and that he must have been
involved in something. If it wasn't the assassination it must have been some
kind of diversionary activity or maybe it was something unrelated to the
assassination and the wires just got crossed and it was a coincidence at the
time.</p>
<p>One of the key points in the mind of the jury as far as we`ve been able to
tell at SPOTLIGHT is that Hunt to this day still cannot come up with an alibi
for where he was the day of the assassination. Hunt comes up with the
weakest, phoniest stories that he can't corroborate. Some guy who was drunk
came out of a bar and waved at him. His story doesn't match with that guy's
story. Hunt says he can produce his children to testify he was in Washington.
None of his children appeared at the trial. It's a very, very strange thing.
Hunt clearly was, in my mind, not in Washington doing what he says he was
doing Nov. 22, 1963. He was certainly not at work that day at the CIA. This
subject has come up before, whether he was on sick leave, an annual leave, or
where the hell he was. Hunt just cannot come up with a good alibi.</p>
<p>Hunt has gone before committees. The Rockefeller Committee, I believe he was
before the Church Committee, and before the House Select Committee. Nobody
will give Hunt a clean bill of health. They always weasel words. Their
comment on Hunt is always some sort of a way that can be interpreted anyway
that you want. You can say this indicates the committee looked into it and
they feel he wasn't involved. Or you can look at it and say the committee
looked into it and they have a lot of doubts about Hunt, and they're just
being very careful about what they are saying. Hunt himself will not tell you
what happened before these committees. He says that his testimony is
classified information. Well, if the testimony vindicates Hunt and provides
him with an alibi then why can't he tell us? The mystery remains.</p>
<p>FD: Do you believe it possible that the CIA knows where Hunt was Nov. 22,
1963, but just do not want to release that information?</p>
<p>Marchetti: That's my guess. I think that subsequently, by now, the CIA may
not have known where Hunt was at the time, and they may not have even
realized what he was up to until years after and years later when his name
started to be commonly mentioned in connection with the assassination. I
think by now the CIA probably knows where Hunt was and what he was doing or
have some very strong feelings about that, and they're not too happy about
it. But whatever it was, and is, that Hunt was involved in, it seems to be,
or would appear, that he was in or around Dallas about the time of the
assassination, involved in some kind of clandestine activity. It may have
been an illegal clandestine activity, even something the CIA was unaware of.
The CIA acts very strangely about this. The CIA will not give Hunt any help.
He got no help at all from the CIA in the preparation of his case against us
or in the presentation of his case. They just left him out there. Hunt
managed to scrounge up a couple of his CIA friends who on their own were
willing to give some help, but caved in right away. One guy didn't testify.
Another guy gave a stupid deposition in the middle of the night to us
(laughs) which wasn't worth the paper it was written on.</p>
<p>Helms gave a deposition which said nothing. No way would he go out on a limb
for Hunt. In my own mind, I have a feeling that the CIA knows where Hunt was
and what he was doing, and while they're not going to prosecute him for a lot
of reasons, they're involved in the cover-up themselves and don't want to
bring any embarrassment upon the agency. On the other hand, they feel if he
screws around and gets his own mit in the ringer, that's his own fault, and
we can cover our ass. Hunt, for his own part, apparently feels he has some
sort of pressure on the CIA that while it might not be strong enough to bring
them forward to defend him before any committee or in a court of law, its at
least strong enough for them not to take any overt action against him. So it
seems to me to be some kind of double graymail. Hunt's graymailing the CIA on
one hand and they're graymailing him on the other hand. Its a very, very
strange thing.</p>
<p>FD: Did Jerry Hemmings give a deposition? I understand he is still in prison.</p>
<p>Marchetti: I think Jerry might still be in. He asked not to give a deposition
or be called as a witness unless it was absolutely necessary, because he was
either coming toward the end of his term, or he was up for parole. He
preferred not to get involved. This was pretty much the attitude of another
individual who was mentioned, but I was left with the feeling that if push
really came to shove, these people could be brought forward. Now what they
know, or whether they were going to risk perjury, which is a pretty big
gamble when you`re dealing with Mark Lane, particularly on this subject. He's
not only a brilliant lawyer, but this is a subject he has a lot of background
in.</p>
<p>FD: Did Gordon Novel fit into this at all?</p>
<p>Marchetti: No.</p>
<p>FD: You mentioned that it is possible the CIA is withholding information on
Hunt's whereabouts Nov. 22, 1963. The CIA has been accused many times in the
past of engaging in a cover-up of the JFK assassination. Do you believe they
are still covering up in a lot of ways?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Oh yeah, I think so, I'd think not only they and the FBI, I think
everybody is covering up.</p>
<p>FD: Are they covering up necessarily to just keep the American people in the
dark about the episode, or cover-up because of their own guilt and complicity?</p>
<p>Marchetti: I think its both. I think it all started with when it happened. I
don't think anybody was really sure in Washington who was behind the
assassination. I think they were very fearful that if they didn't come up
with a lone nut theory, and in this case a lone nut who was removed from the
scene in a matter of days, that the American people might panic. They might
lose their faith in the government. They might lose their faith in the
institutions. They might begin to point fingers at all kinds of people. The
Russians. The Cubans. Other elements of our society like the right wing and
organized crime and so on. I think there was a consensus in the minds of the
establishmentarians in our government which was that we should put this to
bed as quickly and as quietly as possible. We'll make a hero out of Kennedy
and let's forget about it. And then of course they did have to have a Warren
Commission, a blue-ribbon panel which would have the right people on it and
then we'll lay the thing to rest officially. Which is essentially what
happened. They didn't hear a lot of evidence. They ignored evidence. Evidence
was hidden. Evidence was destroyed. I think it was pretty much clear that
nobody was being absolutely forthcoming.</p>
<p>The former head of the CIA, Allen Dulles, even said he would lie to the
people about anything he considered to pertain to national security. Dulles
said he would lie to the people if he had to. I think the Kennedy
assassination was laid to rest by the establishment and it became just a
suspicion in the minds of the people. Then came the revelations. I think by
now everybody involved was deeply involved in the coverup, that that maybe
became even more paramount than the question of who did kill Kennedy and why.
To admit that we covered up from the very begining, and that we've been
covering up ever since, I think, would be more devastating than it would have
been a few years ago to say O.K., we've looked into it, and figured it out,
it was CIA renegades, or whoever was responsible for murdering Kennedy. I
think by now there are just too many people that feel they may have started
out originally for the most noble of motives but they cannot adjust to it. We
saw it with the Watergate affair, and see it every day in life. Once somebody
starts lying and covering up it just snowballs. It just keeps going on and on
and on and on. It keeps getting harder and harder and harder to determine the
truth. I think it's pretty difficult for somebody in 1985 to come forward and
say, yes, I was part of a cover-up, 22 years ago. What he's saying is that
I've lived a lie all of my life. I don't think we're ever going to get the
answer, frankly. I don't think we're every going to get the answer to the
story.</p>
<p>FD: You're pessimistic about the American people discovering the real truth
about the JFK assassination?</p>
<p>Marchetti: This is not to say that 50 years from now that some historian may
get access to some material when everybody is dead and buried, and might be
able to put together a pretty accurate story. But even then, with all of the
time that has gone by, the myth will have been established. You have those
people that will say, ``Ugh. Conspiracy theorists,'' while other people will
say, ``I never believe the government.'' But it will have no effect.</p>
<p>FD: So you believe it will only be time that will reveal the full truth about
the JFK assassination? The truth won't be revealed because of another big
government scandal like Watergate, or a president who is committed to seeing
that the case is solved?</p>
<p>Marchetti: One of the presidents who might have unearthed all this, actually
a potential president was Bobby Kennedy, but he got rubbed out.</p>
<p>FD: Bobby Kennedy made a statement three days before he was murdered that he
felt only the office of the presidency could get at the truth.</p>
<p>Marchetti: I'm not sure if thats possible. I wonder in my own mind if, let's
say, Teddy Kennedy would be elected president. I wonder if he, one, would
have the courage to reopen the case at this point in time knowing everything
he knows about it probably. And two, if he had the courage, would he have the
muscle to be able to resolve it completely and fully to the satisfaction of
everyone? I think there are those things in life you either resolve at the
time or never. After awhile, as the years pass by, it becomes more and more
difficult until it is impossible.</p>
<p>FD: The American people are told that they choose their leaders and run the
government. Is this true, or is it the invisible state within a state, the
intelligence community?</p>
<p>Marchetti: I don't think the intelligence community, although it is an
invisible arm of the government, runs it. I think the people who run the
country are the same people who usually run things not only here but all over
the world. The powerful economic interests, whether they are bankers, or
industrialists, or whatever. The real solid inner core of the establishment.
These are the movers and shakers, but they don't have absolute power. They
may not want a certain person to get nominated by a certain party. In some
cases they may not even be able to stop them from getting to power or using
it. Generally speaking, they have more influence on the government than the
other people do. Its manifested itself in all sorts of ways. There are all of
these forces at work.</p>
<p>FD: One last question: PSI. Both the CIA and the KGB had a great interest in
this area. One of the things I know the CIA did, attempt to recruit KGB
agents in the afterlife. Are you familiar with this?</p>
<p>Marchetti: I do know there was great interest in this whole area of
parapsychology, for whatever benefit may have been achieved. Not only the
CIA, but the Pentagon was involved, and for that matter, the KGB. Everybody
has apparently examined it. There were a lot of stories floating around the
CIA that they had tried to contact old agents like Penkovsky, who had been
captured and killed, executed by the Soviet Union, in the hope that they
could derive additional information. To my knowledge none of this stuff
really worked.</p>
<p>FD: Thank you, Victor Marchetti.

could derive additional information. To my knowledge none of this stuff
really worked.</p>
<p>FD: Tha</xml>

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<p>By Greg Kaza</p>
<p> This article is reprinted from Full Disclosure. Copyright (c) 1986
<p> This article is reprinted from Full Disclosure. Copyright (c) 1986
Capitol Information Association. All rights reserved. Permission is hereby
granted to reprint this article providing this message is included in its
entirety. Full Disclosure, Box 8275, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107. $15/yr.</p>
@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ could derive additional information. To my knowledge none of this stuff
really worked.</p>
<p>FD: Thank you, Victor Marchetti.

could derive additional information. To my knowledge none of this stuff
really worked.</p>

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<xml><p>SEE NOTES AT END FOR INFO ON SOURCES OF THESE DOCUMENTS</p>
<p> CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.</p>
<p> OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR 25 APR 1956
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM FOR: The Honorable J. Edgar Hoover
Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation</p>
<p> SUBJECT : Brainwashing</p>
<p> The attached study on brainwashing was prepared by my
staff in response to the increasing acute interest in the
subject throughout the intelligence and security components
of the Government. I feel you will find it well worth your
personal attention. It represents the thinking of leading psy-
chologists, psychiatrists and intelligence specialists, based
in turn on interviews with many individuals who have had
personal experience with Communist brainwashing, and on
extensive research and testing. While individuals specialists
hold divergent views on various aspects of this most complex
subject, I believe the study reflects a synthesis of majority
expert opinion. I will, of course, appreciate any comments
on it that you or your staff may have.</p>
<p> (signed)
Allen W. Dulles
Director</p>
<p> ENCLOSURE</p>
<p> OA 53-37
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> A REPORT ON COMMUNIST BRAINWASHING</p>
<p> The report that follows is a condensation of a study by train-
ing experts of the important classified and unclassified information
available on this subject.</p>
<p>BACKGROUND</p>
<p> Brainwashing, as a technique, has been used for centuries and
is no mystery to psychologists. In this sense, brainwashing means
involuntary re-education of basic beliefs and values. All people
are being re-educated continually. New information changes one's
beliefs. Everyone has experienced to some degree the conflict that
ensues when new information is not consistent with prior belief.
The experience of the brainwashed individual differs in that the in-
consistent information is forced upon the individual under controlled
conditions after the possibility of critical judgment has been re-
moved by a variety of methods.</p>
<p> There is no question that an individual can be broken psycholog-
ically by captors with knowledge and willingness to persist in tech-
niques aimed at deliberately destroying the integration of a personal-
ity. Although it is probable that everyone reduced to such a confused,
disoriented state will respond to the introduction of new beliefs, this
cannot be stated dogmatically.</p>
<p>PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN CONTROL AND REACTION TO CONTROL</p>
<p> There are progressive steps in exercising control over an individ-
ual and changing his behaviour and personality integration. The fol-
lowing five steps are typical of behaviour changes in any controlled
individual:</p>
<p> 1. Making the individual aware of control is the first stage in
changing his behaviour. A small child is made aware of the physical
and psychological control of his parents and quickly recognizes that
an overwhelming force must be reckoned with. So, a controlled adult
comes to recognize the overwhelming powers of the state and the im-
personal, "incarcerative" machinery in which he is enmeshed. The in
-dividual recognizes that definite limits have been put upon the ways
he can respond.</p>
<p>(Approved for Release) (62-80750-2712X)
(Date: 8 FEB 1984)</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> 2. Realization of his complete dependence upon the controll-
ing system is a major factor in the controlling of his behavior.The con-
trolled adult is forced to accept the fact that food, tobacco,praise,
and the only social contact that he will get come from the very in-
terrogator who exercises control over him.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> 3. The awareness of control and recognition of dependence re-
sult in causing internal conflict and breakdown of previous patterns
of behaviour. Although this transition can be relatively mild in
the case of a child, it is almost invariably severe for the adult
undergoing brainwashing. Only an individual who holds his values
lightly can change them easily. Since the brainwasher-interrogators
aim to have the individuals undergo profound emotional change, they
force their victims to seek out painfully what is desired by the
controlling individual. During this period the victim is likely to
have a mental breakdown characterized by delusions and hallucinat-
ions.</p>
<p> 4. Discovery that there is an acceptable solution to his prob-
lem is the first stage of reducing the individual's conflict. It
is characteristically reported by victims of brainwashing that this
discovery led to an overwhelming feeling of relief that the horror
of internal conflict would cease and that perhaps they would not,
after all, be driven insane. It is at this point that they are pre-
pared to make major changes in their value-system. This is an
automatic rather than voluntary choice. They have lost their a-
bility to be critical.</p>
<p> 5. Reintergration of values and identification with the cont-
rolling system is the final stage in changing the behaviour of the
controlled individual. A child who has learned a new, socially de-
sirable behaviour demonstrates its importance by attempting to as-
apt the new behaviour to a variety of other situations. Similar
states in the brainwashed adult are</p>
<p> (SECTION DELETED BY CIA)</p>
<p> 2</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>pitiful. His new value-system, his manner of perceiving,organizing,and
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
giving meaning to events, is virtually independent of his former value-
system.He is no longer capable of thinking or speaking in concepts other
than those he has adopted. He tends to identify by expressing thanks to
his captors for helping him see the light.Brainwashing can be achieved
without using illegal means.Anyone willing to use known principles of
control and reactions to control and capable of demonstrating the patience
needed in raising a child can probably achieve successful brainwashing.</p>
<p>COMMUNIST CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND THEIR EFFECTS</p>
<p> A description of usual communist control techniques follows.</p>
<p> 1. Interrogation. There are at least two ways in which "interro-
gation" is used:
a. Elicitation, which is designed to get the individual to
surrender protected information, is a form of interrogation. One major
difference between elicitation and interrogation used to achieve
brainwashing is that the mind of the individual must be kept clear to
permit coherent, undistorted disclosure of protected information.
b. Elicitation for the purpose of brainwashing consists of
questioning,argument,indoctrination,threats,cajolery,praise,hos-
tility, and a variety of other pressures. The aim of this interrogation
is to hasten the breakdown of the individual's value system and to encourage
the substitution of a different value-system. The procurement of protected
information is secondary and is used as a device to increase pressure upon
the individual. The term "interrogation" in this paper will refer, in
general, to this type. The "interrogator" is the individual who conducts
this type of interrogation and who controls the administration of the other
pressures. He is the protagonist against whom the victim develops his con-
flict, and upon whom the victim develops a state of dependency as he seeks
some solution to his conflict.</p>
<p> 2. Physical Torture and Threats of Torture. Two types of physical
torture are distinguishable more by their psychological effect in induc-
ing conflict than by the degree of painfulness:</p>
<p> a. The first type is one in which the victim has a passive role
in the pain inflicted on him (e.g.,beatings). His conflict involves the
decision of whether or not to give in to demands in order to avoid further
pain. Generally, brutality of this type was not found to achieve the
desired results. Threats of torture were found more effective, as fear
of pain causes greater conflict within the individual than does pain it-
self.</p>
<p> 3</p>
<p> OA 53-37 </p>
<p> b. The second type of torture is represented by requiring the
individual to stand in one spot for several hours or assume some other
pain-inducing position. Such a requirement often engenders in the indi-
vidual a determination to "stick it out." This internal act of resistance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
provide a feeling of moral superiority at first. As time passes and his
pain mounts,however, the individual becomes aware that it is his own
original determination to resist that is causing the continuance of pain.
A conflict develops within the individual between his moral determination
and his desire to collapse and discontinue the pain. It is this extra
internal conflict, in addition to the conflict over whether or not to give
in to the demands made of him, that tends to make this method of torture
more effective in the breakdown of the individual personality.</p>
<p> 3. Isolation. Individual differences in reaction to isolation are
probably greater than to any other method. Some individuals appear to
be able to withstand prolonged periods of isolation without deleterious
effects, while a relatively short period of isolation reduces others to
the verge of psychosis. Reaction varies with the conditions of the iso-
lation cell. Some sources have indicated a strong reaction to filth and
vermin, although they had negligible reactions to the isolation. Others
reacted violently to isolation in relatively clean cells. The predominant
cause of breakdown in such situations is a lack of sensory stimulation
(i.e.,grayness of walls,lack of sound,absence of social contact,etc.).
Experimental subjects exposed to this condition have reported vivid hal-
licinations and overwhelming fears of losing their sanity.</p>
<p> 4. Control of Communication. This is one of the most effective
methods for creating a sense of helplessness and despair. This measure
might well be considered the cornerstone of the communist system of con-
trol. It consists of strict regulation of the mail,reading materials,
broadcast materials, and social contact available to the individual. The
need to communicate is so great that when the usual channels are blocked,
the individual will resort to any open channel, almost regardless of the
implications of using that particular channel. Many POWs in Korea, whose
only act of "collaboration" was to sign petitions and "peace appeals,"
defended their actions on the ground that this was the only method of
letting the outside world know they were still alive. May stated that
their morale and fortitude would have been increased immeasurably had
leaflets of encouragement been dropped to them. When the only contact
with the outside world is via the interrogator, the prisoner comes to
develop extreme dependency on his interrogator and hence loses another
prop to his morale.</p>
<p> Another wrinkle in communication control is the informer system.
The recruitment of informers in POW camps discouraged communication</p>
<p> 4</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>between inmates.POWs who feared that every act or thought of resistance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
would be communicated to the camp administrators, lost faith in their
fellow man and were forced to "untrusting individualism." Informers are
also under several stages of brainwashing and elicitation to develop
and maintain control over the victims.</p>
<p> 5. Induction of Fatigue. This is a well-known device for breaking
will power and critical powers of judgment. Deprivation of sleep results
in more intense psychological debilitation than does any other method of
engendering fatigue. The communists vary their methods. "Conveyor belt"
interrogation that last 50-60 hours will make almost any individual com-
promise, but there is danger that this will kill the victim. It is safer
to conduct interrogations of 8-10 hours at night while forcing the prisoner
to remain awake during the day. Additional interruptions in the remaining
2-3 hours of allotted sleep quickly reduce the most resilient individual .
Alternate administration of drug stimulants and depressants hastens the
process of fatigue and sharpens the psychological reactions of excitement
and depression.</p>
<p> Fatigue, in addition to reducing the will to resist,also produces
irritation and fear that arise from increased "slips of the tongue." for-
getfulness, and decreased ability to maintain orderly thought processes.</p>
<p> 6. Control of Food,Water and Tobacco. The controlled individual
is made intensely aware of his dependence upon his interrogator for the
quality and quantity of his food and tobacco. The exercise of this con-
trol usually follows a pattern. No food and little or no water is per-
mitted the individual for several days prior to interrogation.When the
prisoner first complains of this to the interrogator, the latter expresses
surprise at such inhumane treatment. He makes a demand of the prisoner.
If the latter complies,he receives a good meal. If he does not, he gets
a diet of unappetizing food containing limited vitamins,minerals, and
calories. This diet is supplemented occasionally by the interrogator if
the prisoner "cooperates." Studies of controlled starvation indicate
that the whole value-system of the subjects underwent a change. Their
irritation increased as their ability to think clearly decreased. The
control of tobacco presented an even greater source of conflict for heavy
smokers. Because tobacco is not necessary to life, being manipulated by
his craving for it can in the individual a strong sense of guilt.</p>
<p> 7. Criticism and Self-Criticism. There are mechanisms of communist
thought control. Self-criticism gains its effectiveness from the fact
that although it is not a crime for a man to be wrong, it is a major crime
to be stubborn and to refuse to learn. Many individuals feel intensely re-
lieved in being able to share their sense of guilt. Those individuals</p>
<p> 5</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>however, who have adjusted to handling their guilt internally have dif-
ficulty adapting to criticism and self-criticism. In brainwashing ,after
a sufficient sense of guilt has been created in the individual, sharing
and self-criticism permit relief. The price paid for this relief, how-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ever, is loss of individuality and increased dependency.</p>
<p> 8. Hypnosis and Drugs as Controls. There is no reliable evidence
that the communists are making widespread use of drugs or hypnosis in
brainwashing or elicitation. The exception to this is the use of common
stimulants or depressants in inducing fatigue and "mood swings."</p>
<p> 9. Other methods of control, which when used in conjunction with the
basic processes, hasten the deterioration of prisoners' sense of values
and resistance are:</p>
<p> a. Requiring a case history or autobiography of the prisoner
provides a mine of information for the interrogator in establishing and
"documenting" accusations.</p>
<p> b. Friendliness of the interrogator , when least expected, up-
sets the prisoner's ability to maintain a critical attitude.</p>
<p> c. Petty demands, such as severely limiting the allotted time
for use of toilet facilities or requiring the POW to kill hundreds of
flies, are harassment methods.</p>
<p> d. Prisoners are often humiliated by refusing them the use of
toilet facilities during interrogator until they soil themselves. often
prisoners were not permitted to bathe for weeks until they felt contempti-
ble.</p>
<p> e. Conviction as a war criminal appears to be a potent factor
in creating despair in the individual. One official analysis of the pres-
sures exerted by the ChiComs on "confessors" and "non-confessors" to
participation in bacteriological warfare in Korea showed that actual trial
and conviction of "war crimes" was overwhelmingly associated with breakdown
and confession.</p>
<p> f. Attempted elicitation of protected information at various
times during the brainwashing process diverted the individual from aware-
ness of the deterioration of his value-system. The fact that, in most
cases, the ChiComs did not want or need such intelligence was not known
to the prisoner. His attempts to protect such information was made at
the expense of hastening his own breakdown.</p>
<p> 6</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>THE EXERCISE OF CONTROL: A "SCHEDULE" FOR BRAINWASHING
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From the many fragmentary accounts reviewed, the following appears
to be the most likely description of what occurs during brainwashing .</p>
<p> In the period immediately following capture, the captors are faced
with the problem of deciding on best ways of exploitation of the prisoners.
Therefore, early treatment is similar both for those who are to be exploited
through elicitation and those who are to undergo brainwashing. concurrently
with being interrogated and required to write a detailed personal history,
the prisoner undergoes a physical and psychological "softening-up" which
includes: limited unpalatable food rations,withholding of tobacco,possi-
ble work details,severely inadequate use of toilet facilities, no use of
facilities for personal cleanliness,limitation of sleep such as requiring
a subject to sleep with a bright light in his eyes. Apparently the inter-
rogation and autobiographical ,material, the reports of the prisoner's be-
haviour in confinement, and tentative "personality typing" by the interro-
gators, provide the basis upon which exploitation plans are made.</p>
<p> There is a major difference between preparation for elicitation and
for brainwashing .Prisoners exploited through elicitation must retain suffi-
cient clarity of thought to be able to give coherent,factual accounts. In
brainwashing , on the other hand, the first thing attacked is clarity of
thought. To develop a strategy of defense, the controlled individual must
determine what plans have been made for his exploitation. Perhaps the best
cues he can get are internal reactions to the pressures he undergoes.</p>
<p> The most important aspect of the brainwashing process is the interro-
gation. The other pressures are designed primarily to help the interrogator
achieve his goals. The following states are created systematically within
the individual . These may vary in order, but all are necessary to the
brainwashing process:</p>
<p> 1. A feeling of helplessness in attempting to deal with the impersonal
machinery of control.</p>
<p> 2. An initial reaction of "surprise."</p>
<p> 3. A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him.</p>
<p> 4. A developing feeling of dependence upon the interrogator .</p>
<p> 5. A sense of doubt and loss of objectivity.</p>
<p> 6. Feelings of guilt.</p>
<p> 7</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> 7. A questioning attitude toward his own value-system.</p>
<p> 8. A feeling of potential "breakdown," i.e.,that he might go crazy.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. A need to defend his acquired principles.</p>
<p> 10. A final sense of "belonging" (identification).</p>
<p> A feeling of helplessness in the face of the impersonal machinery
of control is carefully engendered within the prisoner. The individual
who receives the preliminary treatment described above not only begins
to feel like an "animal" but also feels that nothing can be done about
it. No one pays any personal attention to him. His complaints fall on
deaf ears. His loss of communication, if he has been isolated, creates
a feeling that he has been "forgotten." Everything that happens to him
occurs according to an impersonal; time schedule that has nothing to do
with his needs. The voices and footsteps of the guards are muted. He
notes many contrasts,e.g.,his greasy,unpalatable food may be served
on battered tin dishes by guards immaculately dressed in white. The
first steps in "depersonalization" of the prisoner have begun. He has
no idea what to expect. Ample opportunity is allotted for him to ruminate
upon all the unpleasant or painful things that could happen to him. He
approaches the main interrogator with mixed feelings of relief and
fright.</p>
<p> Surprise is commonly used in the brainwashing process. The prisoner
is rarely prepared for the fact that the interrogators are usually friendly
and considerate at first. They make every effort to demonstrate that
they are reasonable human beings. Often they apologize for bad treatment
received by the prisoner and promise to improve his lot if he, too, is
reasonable. This behaviour is not what he has steeled himself for. He
lets down some of his defenses and tries to take a reasonable attitude.
The first occasion he balks at satisfying a request of the interrogator ,
however, he is in for another surprise. The formerly reasonable inter-
rogator unexpectedly turns into a furious maniac. The interrogator is
likely to slap the prisoner or draw his pistol and threaten to shoot him.
Usually this storm of emotion ceases as suddenly as it began and the in-
terrogator stalks from the room. These surprising changes create doubt
in the prisoner as to his very ability to perceive another person's moti-
vations correctly. His next interrogation probably will be marked by im-
passivity in the interrogator 's mien.</p>
<p> A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him is likewise
carefully engendered within the individual . Pleas of the prisoner to
learn specifically of what he is accused and by whom are side-stepped by</p>
<p> 8</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>the interrogator. Instead, the prisoner is asked to tell why he thinks
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
he is held and what he feels he is guilty of. If the prisoner fails to
come up with anything, he is accused in terms of broad generalities (e.g.,
espionage, sabotage,acts of treason against the "people"). This us-
ually provokes the prisoner to make some statement about his activities.
If this take the form of a denial, he is usually sent to isolation on
further decreased food rations to "think over" his crimes. This process
can be repeated again and again. As soon as the prisoner can think of
something that might be considered self-incriminating, the interrogator
appears momentarily satisfied. The prisoner is asked to write down his
statement in his own words and sign it.</p>
<p> Meanwhile a strong sense of dependence upon the interrogator is
developed. It does not take long for the prisoner to realize that the
interrogator is the source of all punishment , all gratification,and all
communication. The interrogator , meanwhile,demonstrates his unpredict-
bility. He is perceived by the prisoner as a creature of whim. At
times, the interrogator can be pleased very easily and at other times
no effort on the part of the prisoner will placate him. The prisoner
may begin to channel so much energy into trying to predict the behaviour
of the unpredictable interrogator that he loses track of what is happen-
ing inside himself.</p>
<p> After the prisoner has developed the above psychological and emotional
reactions to a sufficient degree, the brainwashing begins in earnest.
First, the prisoner's remaining critical faculties must be destroyed.
He undergoes long, fatiguing interrogations while looking at a bright
light. He is called back again and again for interrogations after min-
imal sleep. He may undergo torture that tends to create internal con-
flict. Drugs may be used to accentuate his "mood swings." He develops
depression when the interrogator is being kind and becomes euphoric when
the interrogator is threatening the direst penalties. Then the cycle is
reversed. The prisoner finds himself in a constant state of anxiety
which prevents him from relaxing even when he is permitted to sleep.
Short periods of isolation now bring on visual and auditory hallucinations.
The prisoner feels himself losing his objectivity. It is in this state
that the prisoner must keep up an endless argument with the interrogator .
He may be faced with the confessions of other individuals who "collabo-
rated" with him in his crimes. The prisoner seriously begins to doubts
his own memory. This feeling is heightened by his inability to recall
little things like the names of the people he knows very well or the date
of his birth. The interrogator patiently sharpens this feeling of doubt
by more questioning. This tends to create a serious state of uncertainty
when the individual has lost most of his critical faculties.</p>
<p> 9</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> The prisoner must undergo additional internal conflict when strong
feelings of guilt are aroused within him. As any clinical psychologist
is aware, it is not at all difficult to create such feelings. Military
servicemen are particularly vulnerable. No one can morally justify kill-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ing even in wartime. The usual justification is on the grounds of neces-
sity or self-defense. The interrogator is careful to circumvent such
justification. He keeps the interrogation directed toward the prisoner's
moral code. Every moral vulnerability is exploited by incessant question-
ing along this line until the prisoner begins to question the very fun-
damentals of his own value-system. The prisoner must constantly fight a
potential breakdown. He finds that his mind is "going blank" for longer
and longer periods of time. He can not think constructively. If he is
to maintain any semblance of psychological integrity, he must bring to
an end this state of interminable internal conflict. He signifies a
willingness to write a confession.</p>
<p> If this were truly the end, no brainwashing would have occurred.
The individual would simply have given in to intolerable pressure. Ac-
tually, the final stage of the brainwashing process has just begun. No
matter what the prisoner writes in his confession the interrogator is
not satisfied. The interrogator questions every sentence of the confes-
sion. He begins to edit it with the prisoner. The prisoner is forced
to argue against every change. This is the essence of brainwashing.
Every time that he gives in on a point to the interrogator, he must re-
write his whole confession. Still the interrogator is not satisfied.
In a desperate attempt to maintain some semblance of integrity and to
avoid further brainwashing, the prisoner must begin to argue that what
he has already confessed to is true. He begins to accept as his own the
statements he has written. He uses many of the interrogator's earlier
arguments to buttress his position. By this process,identification
with the interrogator's value-system becomes complete. It is extremely
important to recognize that a qualitative change has taken place within
the prisoner. The brainwashed victim does not consciously change his
value-system; rather the change occurs despite his efforts. He is no
more responsible for this change than is an individual who "snaps" and
becomes psychotic. And like the psychotic, the prisoner is not even
aware of the transition.</p>
<p>DEFENSIVE MEASURES OTHER THAN ON THE POLICY AND PLANNING LEVEL</p>
<p> 1. Training of Individuals potentially subject to communist control.</p>
<p> Training should provide for the trainee a realistic appraisal
of what control pressures the communists are likely to exert and what
the usual human reactions are to such pressures. The trainee must learn</p>
<p> 10</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>the most effective ways of combatting his own reactions to such pressures
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
and he must learn reasonable expectations as to what his behaviour should
be. Training has two decidedly positive effects; first, it provides the
trainee with ways of combatting control; second, it provides the basis
for developing an immeasurable boost in morale. Any positive action that
the individual can take, even if it is only slightly effective, gives him
a sense of control over a situation that is otherwise controlling him.</p>
<p> 2. Training must provide the individual with the means of
recognizing realistic goals for himself.</p>
<p> a. Delay in yielding may be the only achievement that can be
hoped for. In any particular operation, the agent needs the support of
knowing specifically how long he must hold out to save an operation, pro-
tect his cohorts, or gain some other goal.</p>
<p> b. The individual should be taught how to achieve the most favor-
able treatment and how to behave and make necessary concessions to
obtain minimum penalties.</p>
<p> c. Individual behavioural responses to the various communist
control pressures differ markedly. Therefore, each trainee should know
his own particular assets and limitations in resisting specific pressures.
He can learn these only under laboratory conditions simulating the actual
pressures he may have to face.</p>
<p> d. Training must provide knowledge of the goals and the restric-
tions placed upon his communist interrogator. The trainee should know
what controls are on his interrogator and to what extent he can manipulate
the interrogator. For example, the interrogator is not permitted to fail
to gain "something" from the controlled individual. The knowledge that,
after the victim has proved that he is a "tough nut to crack" he can some-
times indicate that he might compromise on some little point to help the
interrogator in return for more favorable treatment, may be useful in-
deed. Above all, the potential victim of communist control can gain a
great deal of psychological support from the knowledge that the communist
interrogator is not a completely free agent who can do whatever he wills
with his victim.</p>
<p> e. The trainee must learn what practical cues might aid him in
recognizing the specific goals of his interrogator. The strategy of defense
against elicitation may differ markedly from the strategy to prevent
brainwashing. To prevent elicitation, the individual may hasten his own
state of mental confusion; whereas, to prevent brainwashing, maintaining
clarity of thought processes is imperative.</p>
<p> 11</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> f. The trainee should obtain knowledge about communist "carrots"
as well as "sticks." The communists keep certain of their promises and al-
ways renege on others. For example, the demonstrable fact that "informers"
receive no better treatment than other prisoners should do much to prevent
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this particular evil. On the other hand, certain meaningless concessions
will often get a prisoner a good meal.</p>
<p> g. In particular, it should be emphasized to the trainee that,
although little can be done to control the pressures exerted upon him, he
can learn something about controlling his personal reactions to specific
pressures. The trainee can gain much from learning something about in-
ternal conflict and conflict-producing mechanisms. He should learn to
recognize when someone is trying to arouse guilt feelings and what be-
havioural reactions can occur as a response to guilt.</p>
<p> h. Finally, the training must teach some methods that can be utilized
in thwarting particular communist control techniques:</p>
<p> Elicitation. In general, individuals who are the hardest to inter-
rogate for information are those who have experienced previous interroga-
tions. Practice in being the victim of interrogation is a sound train-
ing device.</p>
<p> Torture. The trainee should learn something about the principles of
pain and shock. There is a maximum to the amount of pain that can actually
be felt. Any amount of pain can be tolerated for a limited period of
time. In addition, the trainee can be fortified by the knowledge that there
are legal limitations upon the amount of torture that can be inflicted
by communist jailors.</p>
<p> Isolation. The psychological effects of isolation can probably be
thwarted best by mental gymnastics and systematic efforts on the part of
the isolate to obtain stimulation for his neural end organs.</p>
<p> Controls on Food and Tobacco. Foods given by the communists will
always be enough to maintain survival. Sometimes the victim gets unex-
pected opportunities to supplement his diet with special minerals,vitamins
and other nutrients (e.g.,"iron" from the rust of prison bars). In some
instances, experience has shown that individuals could exploit refusal to
eat. Such refusal usually resulted in the transfer of the individual to
a hospital where he received vitamin injections and nutritious food. Evi-
dently attempts of this kind to commit suicide arouse the greatest concern
in communist officials. If deprivation of tobacco is the control being
exerted. the victim can gain moral satisfaction from "giving up" tobacco.
He can't lose since he is not likely to get any anyway.</p>
<p> 12</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> Fatigue. The trainee should learn reactions to fatigue and how to
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
overcome them insofar as possible. For example, mild physical exercise
"clears the head" in a fatigue state.</p>
<p> Writing Personal Accounts and Self-Criticism. Experience has in-
dicated that one of the most effective ways of combatting these pressures
is to enter into the spirit with an overabundance of enthusiasm. Endless
written accounts of inconsequential material have virtually "smothered"
some eager interrogators. In the same spirit, sober, detailed self-
criticisms of the most minute "sins" has sometimes brought good results.</p>
<p> Guidance as to the priority of positions he should defend. Perfectly
compatible responsibilities in the normal execution of an individual's
duties may become mutually incompatible in this situation. Take the ex-
ample of a senior grade military officer. He has the knowledge of sensitive
strategic intelligence which it is his duty to protect. He has the respon-
sibility of maintaining the physical fitness of his men and serving as
a model example for their behaviour. The officer may go to the camp
commandant to protest the treatment of the POWs and the commandant as-
sures him that treatment could be improved if he will swap something for
it. Thus to satisfy one responsibility he must compromise another. The
officer, in short, is in a constant state of internal conflict. But if
the officer is given the relative priority of his different responsibilities,
he is supported by the knowledge that he won't be held accountable for
any other behaviour if he does his utmost to carry out his highest priority
responsibility. There is considerable evidence that many individuals
tried to evaluate the priority of their responsibilities on their own,
but were in conflict over whether others would subsequently accept their
evaluations. More than one individual was probably brainwashed while he
was trying to protect himself against elicitation.</p>
<p>CONCLUSIONS</p>
<p> The application of known psychological principles can lead to an
understanding of brainwashing.</p>
<p> 1. There is nothing mysterious about personality changes resulting
from the brainwashing process.</p>
<p> 2. Brainwashing is a complex process. Principles of motivation,
perception, learning, and physiological deprivation are needed to account
for the results achieved in brainwashing.</p>
<p> 3. Brainwashing is an involuntary re-education of the fundamental
beliefs of the individual. To attack the problem successfully, the brain-
washing process must be differentiated clearly from general education
methods for thought-control or mass indoctrination, and elicitation.</p>
<p> 13</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> 4. It appears possible for the individual,through training,to
develop limited defensive techniques against brainwashing. Such defensive
measures are likely to be most effective if directed toward thwarting in-
dividual emotional reactions to brainwashing techniques rather than to-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ward thwarting the techniques themselves.</p>
<p> 15 August 1955</p>
<p> 14</p>
<p> =====================================================================
(note Declassified)</p>
<p> SECRET</p>
<p> CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.</p>
<p> 19 JUN 1964</p>
<p> (Commission No. 1131)</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM FOR: Mr. J. Lee Rankin
General Counsel
President's Commission on the
Assassination of President Kennedy</p>
<p> SUBJECT : Soviet Brainwashing Techniques</p>
<p> 1. Reference is made to your memorandum of 19 May 1964,
requesting that materials relative to Soviet techniques in mind
conditioning and brainwashing be made available to the Commission.</p>
<p> 2. At my request, experts on these subjects within the CIA
have prepared a brief survey of Soviet research in the direction
and control of human behavior, a copy of which is attached. The
Commission may retain this document. Please note that the use
of certain sensitive materials requires that a sensitivity indicator
be affixed.</p>
<p> 3. In the immediate future, this Agency will make available
to you a collection of overt and classified materials on these subjects,
which the Commission may retain.</p>
<p> 4. I hope that these documents will be responsive to the
Commission's needs.</p>
<p> (SIGNED)</p>
<p> (DECLASSIFIED) Richard Helms
(By C.I.A.) Deputy Director for Plans
(letter of ___________)
(---------------------)</p>
<p> Attachment</p>
<p> CD 1131 SECRET</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM</p>
<p> SUBJECT: Soviet Research and Development in the Field of
Direction and Control of Human Behavior.</p>
<p> 1. There are two major methods of altering or controlling
human behavior, and the Soviets are interested in both. The first
is psychological; the second, pharmacological. The two may be
used as individual methods or for mutual reinforcement. For
long-term control of large numbers of people, the former method
is more promising than the latter. In dealing with individuals,
the U.S. experience suggests the pharmacological approach (assisted
by psychological techniques) would be the only effective method.
Neither method would be very effective for single individuals on
a long term basis.</p>
<p> 2. Soviet research on the pharmacological agents producing
behavioral effects has consistently lagged about five years behind
Western research. They have been interested in such research,
however, and are now pursuing research on such chemicals as
LSD-25, amphetamines, tranquillizers, hypnotics, and similar
materials. There is no present evidence that the Soviets have
any singular, new, potent drugs to force a course of action on
an individual. They are aware, however, of the tremendous drive
produced by drug addiction, and PERHAPS could couple this with
psychological direction to achieve control of an individual.</p>
<p> 3. The psychological aspects of behavior control would include
not only conditioning by repetition and training, but such things as
hypnosis, deprivation, isolation, manipulation of guilt feelings,
subtle or overt threats, social pressure, and so on. Some of the
newer trends in the USSR are as follows:</p>
<p> SECRET CD 1131
PAGE 1</p>
<p> a. The adoption of a multidisciplinary approach integrating
biological,social and physical-mathematical research in attempts
better to understand, and eventually, to control human behavior in a
manner consonant with national plans.</p>
<p> b. The outstanding feature, in addition to the inter-
disciplinary approach, is a new concern for mathematical approaches to
an understanding of behavior. Particularly notable are attempts to use
modern information theory, automata theory, and feedback concepts in
interpreting the mechanisms by which the "second signal system," i.e.,
speech and associated phenomena, affect human behavior. Implied by this
"second signal system," using INFORMATION inputs as causative agents
rather than chemical agents, electrodes or other more exotic techniques
applicable, perhaps, to individuals rather than groups.</p>
<p> c. This new trend, observed in the early Post-Stalin Period,
continues. By 1960 the word "cybernetics" was used by the Soviets to
designate this new trend. This new science is considered by some as
the key to understanding the human brain and the product of its
functioning--psychic activity and personality--to the development of
means for controlling it and to ways for molding the character of the
"New Communist Man". As one Soviet author puts it: Cybernetics can be
used in "molding of a child's character, the inculcation of knowledge
and techniques, the amassing of experience, the establishment of social
behavior patterns...all functions which can be summarized as 'control'
of the growth process of the individual." 1/Students of particular
disciplines in the USSR, such as psychologist and social scientists,
also support the general cybernetic trend. 2/ (Blanked by CIA)</p>
<p> 4. In summary, therefore, there is no evidence that the Soviets
have any techniques or agents capable of producing particular behavioral
patterns which are not available in the West. Current research indi-
cates that the Soviets are attempting to develop a technology for
controlling the development of behavioral patterns among the citizenry
of the USSR in accordance with politically determined requirements of
the system. Furthermore, the same technology can be applied to more
sophisticated approaches to the "coding" of information for transmittal
to population targets in the "battle for the minds of men." Some of the
more esoteric techniques such as ESP or, as the Soviets call it,
"biological radio-communication", and psychogenic agents such as LSD,</p>
<p> SECRET CD 1131
PAGE 2</p>
<p> are receiving some overt attention with, possibly, applications in mind
for individual behavior control under clandestine conditions. However,
we require more information than is currently available in order to
establish or disprove planned or actual applications of various
methodologies by Soviet scientists to the control of actions of
articular individuals.</p>
<p> References</p>
<p> 1. Itelson, Lev, "Pedagogy: An Exact Science?" USSR October 1963,
p. 10.
2. Borzek, Joseph, "Recent Developments in Soviet Psychology,"
Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 15, 1964, p. 493-594.</p>
<p> SECRET CD 1131</p>
<p> PAGE 3</p>
<p> The first letter and attachment are from DECLASSIFIED
DOCUMENTS 1984 microfilms under MKULTRA (84) 002258, published
by Research Publication Woodbridge, CT 06525. Some original
markings were not retyped, but the content is the same. </p>
<p> The second letter and attachment are from the Warren
Commission documents. Notice should be paid to the different
tone Helms gives to his letter, keeping in mind he was found
guilty of lying to Congress. He places greater emphasis on
"Soviet" practices and tries to diminish breakthroughs gained
by Americans. Some thought should be given as to WHY the
Warren Commission sought such documents (remembering that
ALLEN DULLES was a member of that Commission). They were
exploring the Manchurian candidate theory. It was revealed
during the Church Committee hearings of 1975 that Helms had
been in charge of Project AMLASH, a program to assassinate
Castro (Cuba),Trujillo (Dominican Republic), Diem (RVN),
Schneider (Chile) using MAFIA figures John Roselli and Santos
Trafficante to do the job. </p>
<p> Care was used to insure lines appear in same length and order.
Page length will have to be adjusted if you desire to print
this. Look for other specials soon. David John Moses.</p>
<p>X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
Salted Slug Systems Strange 408-454-9368
Burn This Flag Zardoz 408-363-9766
realitycheck Poindexter Fortran 415-567-7043
Lies Unlimited Mick Freen 415-583-4102
Tomorrow's 0rder of Magnitude Finger_Man 408-961-9315
My Dog Bit Jesus Suzanne D'Fault 510-658-8078</p>
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
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insane speculation, and wild rumours. ALL-TEXT BBS SYSTEMS.</p>
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where you live, or what your phone number is. We are not Big Brother.</p>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X
</xml>

554
regexConsp/ciabwash.xml
View File

@ -1,48 +1,48 @@
<xml><p>SEE NOTES AT END FOR INFO ON SOURCES OF THESE DOCUMENTS</p>
<p> CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.</p>
<p> CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.</p>
<p> OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR 25 APR 1956
<p> OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR 25 APR 1956
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM FOR: The Honorable J. Edgar Hoover
Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM FOR: The Honorable J. Edgar Hoover
Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation</p>
<p> SUBJECT : Brainwashing</p>
<p> SUBJECT : Brainwashing</p>
<p> The attached study on brainwashing was prepared by my
staff in response to the increasing acute interest in the
subject throughout the intelligence and security components
of the Government. I feel you will find it well worth your
personal attention. It represents the thinking of leading psy-
chologists, psychiatrists and intelligence specialists, based
in turn on interviews with many individuals who have had
personal experience with Communist brainwashing, and on
extensive research and testing. While individuals specialists
hold divergent views on various aspects of this most complex
subject, I believe the study reflects a synthesis of majority
expert opinion. I will, of course, appreciate any comments
on it that you or your staff may have.</p>
<p> The attached study on brainwashing was prepared by my
staff in response to the increasing acute interest in the
subject throughout the intelligence and security components
of the Government. I feel you will find it well worth your
personal attention. It represents the thinking of leading psy-
chologists, psychiatrists and intelligence specialists, based
in turn on interviews with many individuals who have had
personal experience with Communist brainwashing, and on
extensive research and testing. While individuals specialists
hold divergent views on various aspects of this most complex
subject, I believe the study reflects a synthesis of majority
expert opinion. I will, of course, appreciate any comments
on it that you or your staff may have.</p>
<p> (signed)
Allen W. Dulles
Director</p>
<p> (signed)
Allen W. Dulles
Director</p>
<p> ENCLOSURE</p>
<p> ENCLOSURE</p>
<p> OA 53-37
<p> OA 53-37
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> A REPORT ON COMMUNIST BRAINWASHING</p>
<p> A REPORT ON COMMUNIST BRAINWASHING</p>
<p> The report that follows is a condensation of a study by train-
<p> The report that follows is a condensation of a study by train-
ing experts of the important classified and unclassified information
available on this subject.</p>
<p>BACKGROUND</p>
<p> Brainwashing, as a technique, has been used for centuries and
<p> Brainwashing, as a technique, has been used for centuries and
is no mystery to psychologists. In this sense, brainwashing means
involuntary re-education of basic beliefs and values. All people
are being re-educated continually. New information changes one's
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ consistent information is forced upon the individual under controlled
conditions after the possibility of critical judgment has been re-
moved by a variety of methods.</p>
<p> There is no question that an individual can be broken psycholog-
<p> There is no question that an individual can be broken psycholog-
ically by captors with knowledge and willingness to persist in tech-
niques aimed at deliberately destroying the integration of a personal-
ity. Although it is probable that everyone reduced to such a confused,
@ -62,12 +62,12 @@ cannot be stated dogmatically.</p>
<p>PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN CONTROL AND REACTION TO CONTROL</p>
<p> There are progressive steps in exercising control over an individ-
<p> There are progressive steps in exercising control over an individ-
ual and changing his behaviour and personality integration. The fol-
lowing five steps are typical of behaviour changes in any controlled
individual:</p>
<p> 1. Making the individual aware of control is the first stage in
<p> 1. Making the individual aware of control is the first stage in
changing his behaviour. A small child is made aware of the physical
and psychological control of his parents and quickly recognizes that
an overwhelming force must be reckoned with. So, a controlled adult
@ -76,19 +76,19 @@ personal, "incarcerative" machinery in which he is enmeshed. The in
-dividual recognizes that definite limits have been put upon the ways
he can respond.</p>
<p>(Approved for Release) (62-80750-2712X)
<p>(Approved for Release) (62-80750-2712X)
(Date: 8 FEB 1984)</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> 2. Realization of his complete dependence upon the controll-
<p> 2. Realization of his complete dependence upon the controll-
ing system is a major factor in the controlling of his behavior.The con-
trolled adult is forced to accept the fact that food, tobacco,praise,
and the only social contact that he will get come from the very in-
terrogator who exercises control over him.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> 3. The awareness of control and recognition of dependence re-
<p> 3. The awareness of control and recognition of dependence re-
sult in causing internal conflict and breakdown of previous patterns
of behaviour. Although this transition can be relatively mild in
the case of a child, it is almost invariably severe for the adult
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ controlling individual. During this period the victim is likely to
have a mental breakdown characterized by delusions and hallucinat-
ions.</p>
<p> 4. Discovery that there is an acceptable solution to his prob-
<p> 4. Discovery that there is an acceptable solution to his prob-
lem is the first stage of reducing the individual's conflict. It
is characteristically reported by victims of brainwashing that this
discovery led to an overwhelming feeling of relief that the horror
@ -110,18 +110,18 @@ pared to make major changes in their value-system. This is an
automatic rather than voluntary choice. They have lost their a-
bility to be critical.</p>
<p> 5. Reintergration of values and identification with the cont-
<p> 5. Reintergration of values and identification with the cont-
rolling system is the final stage in changing the behaviour of the
controlled individual. A child who has learned a new, socially de-
sirable behaviour demonstrates its importance by attempting to as-
apt the new behaviour to a variety of other situations. Similar
states in the brainwashed adult are</p>
<p> (SECTION DELETED BY CIA)</p>
<p> (SECTION DELETED BY CIA)</p>
<p> 2</p>
<p> 2</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>pitiful. His new value-system, his manner of perceiving,organizing,and
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -135,16 +135,16 @@ needed in raising a child can probably achieve successful brainwashing.</p>
<p>COMMUNIST CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND THEIR EFFECTS</p>
<p> A description of usual communist control techniques follows.</p>
<p> A description of usual communist control techniques follows.</p>
<p> 1. Interrogation. There are at least two ways in which "interro-
<p> 1. Interrogation. There are at least two ways in which "interro-
gation" is used:
a. Elicitation, which is designed to get the individual to
a. Elicitation, which is designed to get the individual to
surrender protected information, is a form of interrogation. One major
difference between elicitation and interrogation used to achieve
brainwashing is that the mind of the individual must be kept clear to
permit coherent, undistorted disclosure of protected information.
b. Elicitation for the purpose of brainwashing consists of
b. Elicitation for the purpose of brainwashing consists of
questioning,argument,indoctrination,threats,cajolery,praise,hos-
tility, and a variety of other pressures. The aim of this interrogation
is to hasten the breakdown of the individual's value system and to encourage
@ -157,11 +157,11 @@ pressures. He is the protagonist against whom the victim develops his con-
flict, and upon whom the victim develops a state of dependency as he seeks
some solution to his conflict.</p>
<p> 2. Physical Torture and Threats of Torture. Two types of physical
<p> 2. Physical Torture and Threats of Torture. Two types of physical
torture are distinguishable more by their psychological effect in induc-
ing conflict than by the degree of painfulness:</p>
<p> a. The first type is one in which the victim has a passive role
<p> a. The first type is one in which the victim has a passive role
in the pain inflicted on him (e.g.,beatings). His conflict involves the
decision of whether or not to give in to demands in order to avoid further
pain. Generally, brutality of this type was not found to achieve the
@ -169,11 +169,11 @@ desired results. Threats of torture were found more effective, as fear
of pain causes greater conflict within the individual than does pain it-
self.</p>
<p> 3</p>
<p> 3</p>
<p> OA 53-37 </p>
<p> OA 53-37 </p>
<p> b. The second type of torture is represented by requiring the
<p> b. The second type of torture is represented by requiring the
individual to stand in one spot for several hours or assume some other
pain-inducing position. Such a requirement often engenders in the indi-
vidual a determination to "stick it out." This internal act of resistance
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ internal conflict, in addition to the conflict over whether or not to give
in to the demands made of him, that tends to make this method of torture
more effective in the breakdown of the individual personality.</p>
<p> 3. Isolation. Individual differences in reaction to isolation are
<p> 3. Isolation. Individual differences in reaction to isolation are
probably greater than to any other method. Some individuals appear to
be able to withstand prolonged periods of isolation without deleterious
effects, while a relatively short period of isolation reduces others to
@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ cause of breakdown in such situations is a lack of sensory stimulation
Experimental subjects exposed to this condition have reported vivid hal-
licinations and overwhelming fears of losing their sanity.</p>
<p> 4. Control of Communication. This is one of the most effective
<p> 4. Control of Communication. This is one of the most effective
methods for creating a sense of helplessness and despair. This measure
might well be considered the cornerstone of the communist system of con-
trol. It consists of strict regulation of the mail,reading materials,
@ -217,12 +217,12 @@ with the outside world is via the interrogator, the prisoner comes to
develop extreme dependency on his interrogator and hence loses another
prop to his morale.</p>
<p> Another wrinkle in communication control is the informer system.
<p> Another wrinkle in communication control is the informer system.
The recruitment of informers in POW camps discouraged communication</p>
<p> 4</p>
<p> 4</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>between inmates.POWs who feared that every act or thought of resistance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ fellow man and were forced to "untrusting individualism." Informers are
also under several stages of brainwashing and elicitation to develop
and maintain control over the victims.</p>
<p> 5. Induction of Fatigue. This is a well-known device for breaking
<p> 5. Induction of Fatigue. This is a well-known device for breaking
will power and critical powers of judgment. Deprivation of sleep results
in more intense psychological debilitation than does any other method of
engendering fatigue. The communists vary their methods. "Conveyor belt"
@ -244,11 +244,11 @@ Alternate administration of drug stimulants and depressants hastens the
process of fatigue and sharpens the psychological reactions of excitement
and depression.</p>
<p> Fatigue, in addition to reducing the will to resist,also produces
<p> Fatigue, in addition to reducing the will to resist,also produces
irritation and fear that arise from increased "slips of the tongue." for-
getfulness, and decreased ability to maintain orderly thought processes.</p>
<p> 6. Control of Food,Water and Tobacco. The controlled individual
<p> 6. Control of Food,Water and Tobacco. The controlled individual
is made intensely aware of his dependence upon his interrogator for the
quality and quantity of his food and tobacco. The exercise of this con-
trol usually follows a pattern. No food and little or no water is per-
@ -265,15 +265,15 @@ control of tobacco presented an even greater source of conflict for heavy
smokers. Because tobacco is not necessary to life, being manipulated by
his craving for it can in the individual a strong sense of guilt.</p>
<p> 7. Criticism and Self-Criticism. There are mechanisms of communist
<p> 7. Criticism and Self-Criticism. There are mechanisms of communist
thought control. Self-criticism gains its effectiveness from the fact
that although it is not a crime for a man to be wrong, it is a major crime
to be stubborn and to refuse to learn. Many individuals feel intensely re-
lieved in being able to share their sense of guilt. Those individuals</p>
lieved in being able to share their sense of guilt. Those individuals</p>
<p> 5</p>
<p> 5</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>however, who have adjusted to handling their guilt internally have dif-
ficulty adapting to criticism and self-criticism. In brainwashing ,after
@ -282,55 +282,55 @@ and self-criticism permit relief. The price paid for this relief, how-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ever, is loss of individuality and increased dependency.</p>
<p> 8. Hypnosis and Drugs as Controls. There is no reliable evidence
<p> 8. Hypnosis and Drugs as Controls. There is no reliable evidence
that the communists are making widespread use of drugs or hypnosis in
brainwashing or elicitation. The exception to this is the use of common
stimulants or depressants in inducing fatigue and "mood swings."</p>
<p> 9. Other methods of control, which when used in conjunction with the
<p> 9. Other methods of control, which when used in conjunction with the
basic processes, hasten the deterioration of prisoners' sense of values
and resistance are:</p>
<p> a. Requiring a case history or autobiography of the prisoner
<p> a. Requiring a case history or autobiography of the prisoner
provides a mine of information for the interrogator in establishing and
"documenting" accusations.</p>
<p> b. Friendliness of the interrogator , when least expected, up-
<p> b. Friendliness of the interrogator , when least expected, up-
sets the prisoner's ability to maintain a critical attitude.</p>
<p> c. Petty demands, such as severely limiting the allotted time
<p> c. Petty demands, such as severely limiting the allotted time
for use of toilet facilities or requiring the POW to kill hundreds of
flies, are harassment methods.</p>
<p> d. Prisoners are often humiliated by refusing them the use of
<p> d. Prisoners are often humiliated by refusing them the use of
toilet facilities during interrogator until they soil themselves. often
prisoners were not permitted to bathe for weeks until they felt contempti-
ble.</p>
<p> e. Conviction as a war criminal appears to be a potent factor
<p> e. Conviction as a war criminal appears to be a potent factor
in creating despair in the individual. One official analysis of the pres-
sures exerted by the ChiComs on "confessors" and "non-confessors" to
participation in bacteriological warfare in Korea showed that actual trial
and conviction of "war crimes" was overwhelmingly associated with breakdown
and confession.</p>
<p> f. Attempted elicitation of protected information at various
<p> f. Attempted elicitation of protected information at various
times during the brainwashing process diverted the individual from aware-
ness of the deterioration of his value-system. The fact that, in most
cases, the ChiComs did not want or need such intelligence was not known
to the prisoner. His attempts to protect such information was made at
the expense of hastening his own breakdown.</p>
<p> 6</p>
<p> 6</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>THE EXERCISE OF CONTROL: A "SCHEDULE" FOR BRAINWASHING
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From the many fragmentary accounts reviewed, the following appears
From the many fragmentary accounts reviewed, the following appears
to be the most likely description of what occurs during brainwashing .</p>
<p> In the period immediately following capture, the captors are faced
<p> In the period immediately following capture, the captors are faced
with the problem of deciding on best ways of exploitation of the prisoners.
Therefore, early treatment is similar both for those who are to be exploited
through elicitation and those who are to undergo brainwashing. concurrently
@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ rogation and autobiographical ,material, the reports of the prisoner's be-
haviour in confinement, and tentative "personality typing" by the interro-
gators, provide the basis upon which exploitation plans are made.</p>
<p> There is a major difference between preparation for elicitation and
<p> There is a major difference between preparation for elicitation and
for brainwashing .Prisoners exploited through elicitation must retain suffi-
cient clarity of thought to be able to give coherent,factual accounts. In
brainwashing , on the other hand, the first thing attacked is clarity of
@ -352,38 +352,38 @@ thought. To develop a strategy of defense, the controlled individual must
determine what plans have been made for his exploitation. Perhaps the best
cues he can get are internal reactions to the pressures he undergoes.</p>
<p> The most important aspect of the brainwashing process is the interro-
<p> The most important aspect of the brainwashing process is the interro-
gation. The other pressures are designed primarily to help the interrogator
achieve his goals. The following states are created systematically within
the individual . These may vary in order, but all are necessary to the
brainwashing process:</p>
<p> 1. A feeling of helplessness in attempting to deal with the impersonal
<p> 1. A feeling of helplessness in attempting to deal with the impersonal
machinery of control.</p>
<p> 2. An initial reaction of "surprise."</p>
<p> 2. An initial reaction of "surprise."</p>
<p> 3. A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him.</p>
<p> 3. A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him.</p>
<p> 4. A developing feeling of dependence upon the interrogator .</p>
<p> 4. A developing feeling of dependence upon the interrogator .</p>
<p> 5. A sense of doubt and loss of objectivity.</p>
<p> 5. A sense of doubt and loss of objectivity.</p>
<p> 6. Feelings of guilt.</p>
<p> 6. Feelings of guilt.</p>
<p> 7</p>
<p> 7</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> 7. A questioning attitude toward his own value-system.</p>
<p> 7. A questioning attitude toward his own value-system.</p>
<p> 8. A feeling of potential "breakdown," i.e.,that he might go crazy.
<p> 8. A feeling of potential "breakdown," i.e.,that he might go crazy.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. A need to defend his acquired principles.</p>
9. A need to defend his acquired principles.</p>
<p> 10. A final sense of "belonging" (identification).</p>
<p> 10. A final sense of "belonging" (identification).</p>
<p> A feeling of helplessness in the face of the impersonal machinery
<p> A feeling of helplessness in the face of the impersonal machinery
of control is carefully engendered within the prisoner. The individual
who receives the preliminary treatment described above not only begins
to feel like an "animal" but also feels that nothing can be done about
@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ upon all the unpleasant or painful things that could happen to him. He
approaches the main interrogator with mixed feelings of relief and
fright.</p>
<p> Surprise is commonly used in the brainwashing process. The prisoner
<p> Surprise is commonly used in the brainwashing process. The prisoner
is rarely prepared for the fact that the interrogators are usually friendly
and considerate at first. They make every effort to demonstrate that
they are reasonable human beings. Often they apologize for bad treatment
@ -417,13 +417,13 @@ in the prisoner as to his very ability to perceive another person's moti-
vations correctly. His next interrogation probably will be marked by im-
passivity in the interrogator 's mien.</p>
<p> A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him is likewise
<p> A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him is likewise
carefully engendered within the individual . Pleas of the prisoner to
learn specifically of what he is accused and by whom are side-stepped by</p>
<p> 8</p>
<p> 8</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>the interrogator. Instead, the prisoner is asked to tell why he thinks
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ something that might be considered self-incriminating, the interrogator
appears momentarily satisfied. The prisoner is asked to write down his
statement in his own words and sign it.</p>
<p> Meanwhile a strong sense of dependence upon the interrogator is
<p> Meanwhile a strong sense of dependence upon the interrogator is
developed. It does not take long for the prisoner to realize that the
interrogator is the source of all punishment , all gratification,and all
communication. The interrogator , meanwhile,demonstrates his unpredict-
@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ may begin to channel so much energy into trying to predict the behaviour
of the unpredictable interrogator that he loses track of what is happen-
ing inside himself.</p>
<p> After the prisoner has developed the above psychological and emotional
<p> After the prisoner has developed the above psychological and emotional
reactions to a sufficient degree, the brainwashing begins in earnest.
First, the prisoner's remaining critical faculties must be destroyed.
He undergoes long, fatiguing interrogations while looking at a bright
@ -471,11 +471,11 @@ of his birth. The interrogator patiently sharpens this feeling of doubt
by more questioning. This tends to create a serious state of uncertainty
when the individual has lost most of his critical faculties.</p>
<p> 9</p>
<p> 9</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> The prisoner must undergo additional internal conflict when strong
<p> The prisoner must undergo additional internal conflict when strong
feelings of guilt are aroused within him. As any clinical psychologist
is aware, it is not at all difficult to create such feelings. Military
servicemen are particularly vulnerable. No one can morally justify kill-
@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ to maintain any semblance of psychological integrity, he must bring to
an end this state of interminable internal conflict. He signifies a
willingness to write a confession.</p>
<p> If this were truly the end, no brainwashing would have occurred.
<p> If this were truly the end, no brainwashing would have occurred.
The individual would simply have given in to intolerable pressure. Ac-
tually, the final stage of the brainwashing process has just begun. No
matter what the prisoner writes in his confession the interrogator is
@ -516,15 +516,15 @@ aware of the transition.</p>
<p>DEFENSIVE MEASURES OTHER THAN ON THE POLICY AND PLANNING LEVEL</p>
<p> 1. Training of Individuals potentially subject to communist control.</p>
<p> 1. Training of Individuals potentially subject to communist control.</p>
<p> Training should provide for the trainee a realistic appraisal
<p> Training should provide for the trainee a realistic appraisal
of what control pressures the communists are likely to exert and what
the usual human reactions are to such pressures. The trainee must learn</p>
<p> 10</p>
<p> 10</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>the most effective ways of combatting his own reactions to such pressures
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -535,25 +535,25 @@ for developing an immeasurable boost in morale. Any positive action that
the individual can take, even if it is only slightly effective, gives him
a sense of control over a situation that is otherwise controlling him.</p>
<p> 2. Training must provide the individual with the means of
<p> 2. Training must provide the individual with the means of
recognizing realistic goals for himself.</p>
<p> a. Delay in yielding may be the only achievement that can be
<p> a. Delay in yielding may be the only achievement that can be
hoped for. In any particular operation, the agent needs the support of
knowing specifically how long he must hold out to save an operation, pro-
tect his cohorts, or gain some other goal.</p>
<p> b. The individual should be taught how to achieve the most favor-
<p> b. The individual should be taught how to achieve the most favor-
able treatment and how to behave and make necessary concessions to
obtain minimum penalties.</p>
<p> c. Individual behavioural responses to the various communist
<p> c. Individual behavioural responses to the various communist
control pressures differ markedly. Therefore, each trainee should know
his own particular assets and limitations in resisting specific pressures.
He can learn these only under laboratory conditions simulating the actual
pressures he may have to face.</p>
<p> d. Training must provide knowledge of the goals and the restric-
<p> d. Training must provide knowledge of the goals and the restric-
tions placed upon his communist interrogator. The trainee should know
what controls are on his interrogator and to what extent he can manipulate
the interrogator. For example, the interrogator is not permitted to fail
@ -566,18 +566,18 @@ great deal of psychological support from the knowledge that the communist
interrogator is not a completely free agent who can do whatever he wills
with his victim.</p>
<p> e. The trainee must learn what practical cues might aid him in
<p> e. The trainee must learn what practical cues might aid him in
recognizing the specific goals of his interrogator. The strategy of defense
against elicitation may differ markedly from the strategy to prevent
brainwashing. To prevent elicitation, the individual may hasten his own
state of mental confusion; whereas, to prevent brainwashing, maintaining
clarity of thought processes is imperative.</p>
<p> 11</p>
<p> 11</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> f. The trainee should obtain knowledge about communist "carrots"
<p> f. The trainee should obtain knowledge about communist "carrots"
as well as "sticks." The communists keep certain of their promises and al-
ways renege on others. For example, the demonstrable fact that "informers"
receive no better treatment than other prisoners should do much to prevent
@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ receive no better treatment than other prisoners should do much to prevent
this particular evil. On the other hand, certain meaningless concessions
will often get a prisoner a good meal.</p>
<p> g. In particular, it should be emphasized to the trainee that,
<p> g. In particular, it should be emphasized to the trainee that,
although little can be done to control the pressures exerted upon him, he
can learn something about controlling his personal reactions to specific
pressures. The trainee can gain much from learning something about in-
@ -593,26 +593,26 @@ ternal conflict and conflict-producing mechanisms. He should learn to
recognize when someone is trying to arouse guilt feelings and what be-
havioural reactions can occur as a response to guilt.</p>
<p> h. Finally, the training must teach some methods that can be utilized
<p> h. Finally, the training must teach some methods that can be utilized
in thwarting particular communist control techniques:</p>
<p> Elicitation. In general, individuals who are the hardest to inter-
<p> Elicitation. In general, individuals who are the hardest to inter-
rogate for information are those who have experienced previous interroga-
tions. Practice in being the victim of interrogation is a sound train-
ing device.</p>
<p> Torture. The trainee should learn something about the principles of
<p> Torture. The trainee should learn something about the principles of
pain and shock. There is a maximum to the amount of pain that can actually
be felt. Any amount of pain can be tolerated for a limited period of
time. In addition, the trainee can be fortified by the knowledge that there
are legal limitations upon the amount of torture that can be inflicted
by communist jailors.</p>
<p> Isolation. The psychological effects of isolation can probably be
<p> Isolation. The psychological effects of isolation can probably be
thwarted best by mental gymnastics and systematic efforts on the part of
the isolate to obtain stimulation for his neural end organs.</p>
<p> Controls on Food and Tobacco. Foods given by the communists will
<p> Controls on Food and Tobacco. Foods given by the communists will
always be enough to maintain survival. Sometimes the victim gets unex-
pected opportunities to supplement his diet with special minerals,vitamins
and other nutrients (e.g.,"iron" from the rust of prison bars). In some
@ -624,23 +624,23 @@ in communist officials. If deprivation of tobacco is the control being
exerted. the victim can gain moral satisfaction from "giving up" tobacco.
He can't lose since he is not likely to get any anyway.</p>
<p> 12</p>
<p> 12</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> Fatigue. The trainee should learn reactions to fatigue and how to
<p> Fatigue. The trainee should learn reactions to fatigue and how to
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
overcome them insofar as possible. For example, mild physical exercise
"clears the head" in a fatigue state.</p>
<p> Writing Personal Accounts and Self-Criticism. Experience has in-
<p> Writing Personal Accounts and Self-Criticism. Experience has in-
dicated that one of the most effective ways of combatting these pressures
is to enter into the spirit with an overabundance of enthusiasm. Endless
written accounts of inconsequential material have virtually "smothered"
some eager interrogators. In the same spirit, sober, detailed self-
criticisms of the most minute "sins" has sometimes brought good results.</p>
<p> Guidance as to the priority of positions he should defend. Perfectly
<p> Guidance as to the priority of positions he should defend. Perfectly
compatible responsibilities in the normal execution of an individual's
duties may become mutually incompatible in this situation. Take the ex-
ample of a senior grade military officer. He has the knowledge of sensitive
@ -662,226 +662,226 @@ was trying to protect himself against elicitation.</p>
<p>CONCLUSIONS</p>
<p> The application of known psychological principles can lead to an
<p> The application of known psychological principles can lead to an
understanding of brainwashing.</p>
<p> 1. There is nothing mysterious about personality changes resulting
<p> 1. There is nothing mysterious about personality changes resulting
from the brainwashing process.</p>
<p> 2. Brainwashing is a complex process. Principles of motivation,
<p> 2. Brainwashing is a complex process. Principles of motivation,
perception, learning, and physiological deprivation are needed to account
for the results achieved in brainwashing.</p>
<p> 3. Brainwashing is an involuntary re-education of the fundamental
<p> 3. Brainwashing is an involuntary re-education of the fundamental
beliefs of the individual. To attack the problem successfully, the brain-
washing process must be differentiated clearly from general education
methods for thought-control or mass indoctrination, and elicitation.</p>
<p> 13</p>
<p> 13</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> 4. It appears possible for the individual,through training,to
<p> 4. It appears possible for the individual,through training,to
develop limited defensive techniques against brainwashing. Such defensive
measures are likely to be most effective if directed toward thwarting in-
dividual emotional reactions to brainwashing techniques rather than to-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ward thwarting the techniques themselves.</p>
<p> 15 August 1955</p>
<p> 15 August 1955</p>
<p> 14</p>
<p> 14</p>
<p> =====================================================================
(note Declassified)</p>
<p> SECRET</p>
<p> SECRET</p>
<p> CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.</p>
<p> CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.</p>
<p> 19 JUN 1964</p>
<p> 19 JUN 1964</p>
<p> (Commission No. 1131)</p>
<p> (Commission No. 1131)</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM FOR: Mr. J. Lee Rankin
General Counsel
President's Commission on the
Assassination of President Kennedy</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM FOR: Mr. J. Lee Rankin
General Counsel
President's Commission on the
Assassination of President Kennedy</p>
<p> SUBJECT : Soviet Brainwashing Techniques</p>
<p> SUBJECT : Soviet Brainwashing Techniques</p>
<p> 1. Reference is made to your memorandum of 19 May 1964,
requesting that materials relative to Soviet techniques in mind
conditioning and brainwashing be made available to the Commission.</p>
<p> 1. Reference is made to your memorandum of 19 May 1964,
requesting that materials relative to Soviet techniques in mind
conditioning and brainwashing be made available to the Commission.</p>
<p> 2. At my request, experts on these subjects within the CIA
have prepared a brief survey of Soviet research in the direction
and control of human behavior, a copy of which is attached. The
Commission may retain this document. Please note that the use
of certain sensitive materials requires that a sensitivity indicator
be affixed.</p>
<p> 2. At my request, experts on these subjects within the CIA
have prepared a brief survey of Soviet research in the direction
and control of human behavior, a copy of which is attached. The
Commission may retain this document. Please note that the use
of certain sensitive materials requires that a sensitivity indicator
be affixed.</p>
<p> 3. In the immediate future, this Agency will make available
to you a collection of overt and classified materials on these subjects,
which the Commission may retain.</p>
<p> 3. In the immediate future, this Agency will make available
to you a collection of overt and classified materials on these subjects,
which the Commission may retain.</p>
<p> 4. I hope that these documents will be responsive to the
Commission's needs.</p>
<p> 4. I hope that these documents will be responsive to the
Commission's needs.</p>
<p> (SIGNED)</p>
<p> (SIGNED)</p>
<p> (DECLASSIFIED) Richard Helms
(By C.I.A.) Deputy Director for Plans
(letter of ___________)
(---------------------)</p>
<p> (DECLASSIFIED) Richard Helms
(By C.I.A.) Deputy Director for Plans
(letter of ___________)
(---------------------)</p>
<p> Attachment</p>
<p> Attachment</p>
<p> CD 1131 SECRET</p>
<p> CD 1131 SECRET</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM</p>
<p> SUBJECT: Soviet Research and Development in the Field of
Direction and Control of Human Behavior.</p>
<p> SUBJECT: Soviet Research and Development in the Field of
Direction and Control of Human Behavior.</p>
<p> 1. There are two major methods of altering or controlling
human behavior, and the Soviets are interested in both. The first
is psychological; the second, pharmacological. The two may be
used as individual methods or for mutual reinforcement. For
long-term control of large numbers of people, the former method
is more promising than the latter. In dealing with individuals,
the U.S. experience suggests the pharmacological approach (assisted
by psychological techniques) would be the only effective method.
Neither method would be very effective for single individuals on
a long term basis.</p>
<p> 1. There are two major methods of altering or controlling
human behavior, and the Soviets are interested in both. The first
is psychological; the second, pharmacological. The two may be
used as individual methods or for mutual reinforcement. For
long-term control of large numbers of people, the former method
is more promising than the latter. In dealing with individuals,
the U.S. experience suggests the pharmacological approach (assisted
by psychological techniques) would be the only effective method.
Neither method would be very effective for single individuals on
a long term basis.</p>
<p> 2. Soviet research on the pharmacological agents producing
behavioral effects has consistently lagged about five years behind
Western research. They have been interested in such research,
however, and are now pursuing research on such chemicals as
LSD-25, amphetamines, tranquillizers, hypnotics, and similar
materials. There is no present evidence that the Soviets have
any singular, new, potent drugs to force a course of action on
an individual. They are aware, however, of the tremendous drive
produced by drug addiction, and PERHAPS could couple this with
psychological direction to achieve control of an individual.</p>
<p> 2. Soviet research on the pharmacological agents producing
behavioral effects has consistently lagged about five years behind
Western research. They have been interested in such research,
however, and are now pursuing research on such chemicals as
LSD-25, amphetamines, tranquillizers, hypnotics, and similar
materials. There is no present evidence that the Soviets have
any singular, new, potent drugs to force a course of action on
an individual. They are aware, however, of the tremendous drive
produced by drug addiction, and PERHAPS could couple this with
psychological direction to achieve control of an individual.</p>
<p> 3. The psychological aspects of behavior control would include
not only conditioning by repetition and training, but such things as
hypnosis, deprivation, isolation, manipulation of guilt feelings,
subtle or overt threats, social pressure, and so on. Some of the
newer trends in the USSR are as follows:</p>
<p> 3. The psychological aspects of behavior control would include
not only conditioning by repetition and training, but such things as
hypnosis, deprivation, isolation, manipulation of guilt feelings,
subtle or overt threats, social pressure, and so on. Some of the
newer trends in the USSR are as follows:</p>
<p> SECRET CD 1131
PAGE 1</p>
<p> SECRET CD 1131
PAGE 1</p>
<p> a. The adoption of a multidisciplinary approach integrating
biological,social and physical-mathematical research in attempts
better to understand, and eventually, to control human behavior in a
manner consonant with national plans.</p>
<p> a. The adoption of a multidisciplinary approach integrating
biological,social and physical-mathematical research in attempts
better to understand, and eventually, to control human behavior in a
manner consonant with national plans.</p>
<p> b. The outstanding feature, in addition to the inter-
disciplinary approach, is a new concern for mathematical approaches to
an understanding of behavior. Particularly notable are attempts to use
modern information theory, automata theory, and feedback concepts in
interpreting the mechanisms by which the "second signal system," i.e.,
speech and associated phenomena, affect human behavior. Implied by this
"second signal system," using INFORMATION inputs as causative agents
rather than chemical agents, electrodes or other more exotic techniques
applicable, perhaps, to individuals rather than groups.</p>
<p> b. The outstanding feature, in addition to the inter-
disciplinary approach, is a new concern for mathematical approaches to
an understanding of behavior. Particularly notable are attempts to use
modern information theory, automata theory, and feedback concepts in
interpreting the mechanisms by which the "second signal system," i.e.,
speech and associated phenomena, affect human behavior. Implied by this
"second signal system," using INFORMATION inputs as causative agents
rather than chemical agents, electrodes or other more exotic techniques
applicable, perhaps, to individuals rather than groups.</p>
<p> c. This new trend, observed in the early Post-Stalin Period,
continues. By 1960 the word "cybernetics" was used by the Soviets to
designate this new trend. This new science is considered by some as
the key to understanding the human brain and the product of its
functioning--psychic activity and personality--to the development of
means for controlling it and to ways for molding the character of the
"New Communist Man". As one Soviet author puts it: Cybernetics can be
used in "molding of a child's character, the inculcation of knowledge
and techniques, the amassing of experience, the establishment of social
behavior patterns...all functions which can be summarized as 'control'
of the growth process of the individual." 1/Students of particular
disciplines in the USSR, such as psychologist and social scientists,
also support the general cybernetic trend. 2/ (Blanked by CIA)</p>
<p> c. This new trend, observed in the early Post-Stalin Period,
continues. By 1960 the word "cybernetics" was used by the Soviets to
designate this new trend. This new science is considered by some as
the key to understanding the human brain and the product of its
functioning--psychic activity and personality--to the development of
means for controlling it and to ways for molding the character of the
"New Communist Man". As one Soviet author puts it: Cybernetics can be
used in "molding of a child's character, the inculcation of knowledge
and techniques, the amassing of experience, the establishment of social
behavior patterns...all functions which can be summarized as 'control'
of the growth process of the individual." 1/Students of particular
disciplines in the USSR, such as psychologist and social scientists,
also support the general cybernetic trend. 2/ (Blanked by CIA)</p>
<p> 4. In summary, therefore, there is no evidence that the Soviets
have any techniques or agents capable of producing particular behavioral
patterns which are not available in the West. Current research indi-
cates that the Soviets are attempting to develop a technology for
controlling the development of behavioral patterns among the citizenry
of the USSR in accordance with politically determined requirements of
the system. Furthermore, the same technology can be applied to more
sophisticated approaches to the "coding" of information for transmittal
to population targets in the "battle for the minds of men." Some of the
more esoteric techniques such as ESP or, as the Soviets call it,
"biological radio-communication", and psychogenic agents such as LSD,</p>
<p> 4. In summary, therefore, there is no evidence that the Soviets
have any techniques or agents capable of producing particular behavioral
patterns which are not available in the West. Current research indi-
cates that the Soviets are attempting to develop a technology for
controlling the development of behavioral patterns among the citizenry
of the USSR in accordance with politically determined requirements of
the system. Furthermore, the same technology can be applied to more
sophisticated approaches to the "coding" of information for transmittal
to population targets in the "battle for the minds of men." Some of the
more esoteric techniques such as ESP or, as the Soviets call it,
"biological radio-communication", and psychogenic agents such as LSD,</p>
<p> SECRET CD 1131
PAGE 2</p>
<p> SECRET CD 1131
PAGE 2</p>
<p> are receiving some overt attention with, possibly, applications in mind
for individual behavior control under clandestine conditions. However,
we require more information than is currently available in order to
establish or disprove planned or actual applications of various
methodologies by Soviet scientists to the control of actions of
articular individuals.</p>
<p> are receiving some overt attention with, possibly, applications in mind
for individual behavior control under clandestine conditions. However,
we require more information than is currently available in order to
establish or disprove planned or actual applications of various
methodologies by Soviet scientists to the control of actions of
articular individuals.</p>
<p> References</p>
<p> References</p>
<p> 1. Itelson, Lev, "Pedagogy: An Exact Science?" USSR October 1963,
p. 10.
2. Borzek, Joseph, "Recent Developments in Soviet Psychology,"
Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 15, 1964, p. 493-594.</p>
<p> 1. Itelson, Lev, "Pedagogy: An Exact Science?" USSR October 1963,
p. 10.
2. Borzek, Joseph, "Recent Developments in Soviet Psychology,"
Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 15, 1964, p. 493-594.</p>
<p> SECRET CD 1131</p>
<p> SECRET CD 1131</p>
<p> PAGE 3</p>
<p> PAGE 3</p>
<p> The first letter and attachment are from DECLASSIFIED
DOCUMENTS 1984 microfilms under MKULTRA (84) 002258, published
by Research Publication Woodbridge, CT 06525. Some original
markings were not retyped, but the content is the same. </p>
<p> The first letter and attachment are from DECLASSIFIED
DOCUMENTS 1984 microfilms under MKULTRA (84) 002258, published
by Research Publication Woodbridge, CT 06525. Some original
markings were not retyped, but the content is the same. </p>
<p> The second letter and attachment are from the Warren
Commission documents. Notice should be paid to the different
tone Helms gives to his letter, keeping in mind he was found
guilty of lying to Congress. He places greater emphasis on
"Soviet" practices and tries to diminish breakthroughs gained
by Americans. Some thought should be given as to WHY the
Warren Commission sought such documents (remembering that
ALLEN DULLES was a member of that Commission). They were
exploring the Manchurian candidate theory. It was revealed
during the Church Committee hearings of 1975 that Helms had
been in charge of Project AMLASH, a program to assassinate
Castro (Cuba),Trujillo (Dominican Republic), Diem (RVN),
Schneider (Chile) using MAFIA figures John Roselli and Santos
Trafficante to do the job. </p>
<p> The second letter and attachment are from the Warren
Commission documents. Notice should be paid to the different
tone Helms gives to his letter, keeping in mind he was found
guilty of lying to Congress. He places greater emphasis on
"Soviet" practices and tries to diminish breakthroughs gained
by Americans. Some thought should be given as to WHY the
Warren Commission sought such documents (remembering that
ALLEN DULLES was a member of that Commission). They were
exploring the Manchurian candidate theory. It was revealed
during the Church Committee hearings of 1975 that Helms had
been in charge of Project AMLASH, a program to assassinate
Castro (Cuba),Trujillo (Dominican Republic), Diem (RVN),
Schneider (Chile) using MAFIA figures John Roselli and Santos
Trafficante to do the job. </p>
<p> Care was used to insure lines appear in same length and order.
Page length will have to be adjusted if you desire to print
this. Look for other specials soon. David John Moses.</p>
<p> Care was used to insure lines appear in same length and order.
Page length will have to be adjusted if you desire to print
this. Look for other specials soon. David John Moses.</p>
<p>X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
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Tomorrow's 0rder of Magnitude Finger_Man 408-961-9315
My Dog Bit Jesus Suzanne D'Fault 510-658-8078</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
Salted Slug Systems Strange 408-454-9368
Burn This Flag Zardoz 408-363-9766
realitycheck Poindexter Fortran 415-567-7043
Lies Unlimited Mick Freen 415-583-4102
Tomorrow's 0rder of Magnitude Finger_Man 408-961-9315
My Dog Bit Jesus Suzanne D'Fault 510-658-8078</p>
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
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</p></xml>

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@ -1,561 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>
Article: 571 of sgi.talk.ratical
From: dave@ratmandu.esd.sgi.com (dave "who can do? ratmandu!" ratcliffe)
Subject: How the CIA turned `being directed by the NSC' into `getting approval'
Keywords: the compartmentalized "need to know" security lid locks up the govn't
Organization: Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Date: Fri, 10 Apr 1992 18:01:36 GMT
Lines: 573</p>
<p> . . . Control of a good share of what the Pentagon is doing is
more important to the CIA than control over the government of
Jordan or Syria. . . .
When the CIA wants to do something for which it does not have
prior approval and for which it does not have legal sanction, it
works from the bottom, using all of its guile with security and
"need to know"--a euphemism for "keep the scheme away from anyone
at any level of government who might stand in its way." Hand and
Lansdale, among others, were almost always able to line up enough
support in the right places to make it possible for the CIA to get
a favorable reading from the "Forty Committee" on any subject,
legal or not. In fact, this is the great weakness of such a
committee. Rather than working to control the agency it works the
other way. The procedure makes it possible for the agency to win
approval from a lesser echelon of the NSC intrastructure, and then,
by clamping on a security id, it makes others believe that the CIA
had orders from the NSC or perhaps even from the President, when in
fact it did not.</p>
<p> the following appeared in the 7/75 issue of "Genesis:"
_____________________________________________________________________
How the CIA Controls President Ford
By L. Fletcher Prouty
reprinted here with permission of the author</p>
<p> In this monstrous U.S. government today, it's not so much what
comes down from the top that matters as what you can get away with
from the bottom or from the middle--the least scrutinized level.
(Contrary to the current CIA propaganda as preached by William
Colby, Ray Cline, Victor Marchetti and Philip Agee, who say,
incorrectly, "What the Agency does is ordered by the President.")
As with the Mafia, crime is a cinch if you know the cops and the
courts have been paid off. With the Central Intelligence Agency,
anything goes when you have a respected boss to sanctify and bless
your activities and to shield them from outside eyes.
Such a boss in the CIA was old Allen Dulles, who ran the Agency
like a mother superior running a whorehouse. He knew the girls
were happy, busy, and well fed, but he wasn't quite sure what they
were doing. His favorites, all through the years of his prime as
Director of Central Intelligence, were such stellar performers as
Frank Wisner, Dick Bissell, George Doole, Sheffield Edwards, Dick
Helms, Red White, Tracy Barnes, Desmond Fitzgerald, Joe Alsop, Ted
Shannon, Ed Lansdale and countless others. They were the great
operators. He just made it possible for them to do anything they
came up with.
When Wisner and Richard Nixon came up with the idea of mounting
a major rebellion in Indonesia in 1958, Dulles saw that they got
the means and the wherewithal. When General Cabell and his Air
Force friends plugged the U-2 project for Kelly Johnson of
Lockheed, Dulles tossed it into the lap of Dick Bissell. When Dick
Helms and Des Fitzgerald figured they could play fun and games in
Tibet, Dulles talked to Tom Gates, then Secretary of Defense, and
the next we knew CIA agents were spiriting the Dalai Lama out of
Lhasa, CIA undercover aircraft were clandestinely dropping tons of
arms, ammunitions, and supplies deep into Tibet and other planes
were reaching as far as northwestern China to Koko Nor.
While he peddled the hard-won National Intelligence Estimates to
all top offices and sprinkled holy water over the pates of our
leaders, Dulles dropped off minor miracles along the way to
titillate those in high places. If you win the heart of the queen
and convert her to your faith, you can control the king. This
works for the Jesuits. It worked well for the CIA. Allen Dulles
was no casual student and practitioner of the ancient art of
religion. He was an expert in the art of mind-control. He learned
how to operate his disciples and his Agency in the ways of the
cloth.
But for every Saint and every Sinner in the fold there must be
an order of monks, and the Agency has always been the haven for
hundreds of faceless, nameless minions whose only satisfaction was
the job well done and the furtherance of the cause. One of the
most remarkable--and surely the best--of these was an agent named
Frank Hand.
In my book, "The Secret Team," written during 1971 and 1972, I
mentioned that the most important agent in the CIA was an almost
unknown individual who spent most of his time in the Pentagon. At
that time I did not reveal his name; but a small item in a recent
obituary column stated that:</p>
<p> "Frank Hand, 61, a former senior official of the CIA, died in
Marshall, Minn. . . . (he was) a graduate of Harvard Law
School. He had served with the CIA from 1950 until
retirement in 1971."</p>
<p> After a life devoted to quiet, effective, skillful performance
of one of the most important jobs in the worldwide structure of
that unparalleled agency, all that the CIA would publicly say of
Frank Hand was that he was a "senior official."
Ask Dick Helms, Ed Lansdale, Bob McNamara, Tom Gates or Allen
Dulles or John Foster Dulles, if they were with us today, and they
all would tell us stories about Frank Hand. They would do more to
characterize the nature and the sources of power which make use of
and control the CIA than has ever been told before. He was that
superior operative who made big things work unobtrusively.
You might have been one of the grass-green McNamara "whiz kids,"
lost in the maze of the Pentagon Puzzle Palace, who came upon a
short, Hobbit-like, pleasant man who knew the Pentagon so well that
you got the feeling he was brought in with the original load of
concrete. Thousands of career men to this day will never realize
that Frank Hand was a "Senior Official" of the CIA and not one of
their civilian cohorts. To my knowledge he never worked anywhere
else. I was there in 1955 and he was there. I left in December
1963, and he was at my farewell party. He must have spent some of
his time at the agency; but it must have been before 1955. If he
had a dollar for every trip he made in those busy years between the
Pentagon and the CIA he would have died a very wealthy man. He
popularized the Agency term "across the river" and the "Acme
Plumbers" nickname for agents of the CIA. (A term later to be
confused by Colson and John Ehrlichman, among others, with the use
of the term "White House Plumbers" of Watergate fame. Someone knew
that Hunt, McCord, the Cubans, Haig, Butterfield and others all had
CIA backgrounds and connections and therefore were "Plumbers."
Only the insiders knew about the real "Acme Plumbers.")
Frank was as much at home with Allen Dulles as he was with the
famous old supersleuth, General Graves B. Erskine, and as he was
with Helms, Colby, or Fitzgerald. Ian Fleming may have popularized
the spy and the undercover agent as a flashing James Bond type;
but in the reality of today's world the great ones are more in the
mold of Frank Hand and "The Spy Who Came In From The Cold."
There has long existed a "golden key" group of agency and
agency-related supermen. They came from the CIA, the Pentagon, the
Department of State, the White House and other places in government
or from the outside. They have kept themselves inconspicuous and
they meet in the evening away from their offices. They are the men
who open the doors of big government to industry-banking law and to
the multinational corporate centers of greed and power. Their
strength lies in their common awareness of the ways in which real
power is generated in the government, the real power that controls
activities of the government. In many instances this is the power
of being able to keep something from happening, rather than to make
it happen. For example, if the President is murdered, real power
involves the control of government operations sufficient to make
any investigation ineffective and to assure that the government
will do nothing even if the investigation should turn up something.
Real power is the ability to keep the government bureaucracy from
going into action when the price of petroleum and wheat is doubled
or tripled by avaricious international monopolies.
Some of these "gold key" members have surfaced and have accepted
publicity, as did Des Fitzgerald, Allen Dulles, Tracy Barnes and
others. Frank never did. He was so anonymous that even his
friends could not find him.
The Agency covered for Frank Hand as it did for few others. The
James Bonds of this world may be the idols of the Intelligence
coterie; but if you are a Bill Colby, Dick Helms, or Allen Dulles,
you know the real value of an indispensable agent. Frank was their
man in the Pentagon, and the Pentagon was always the indispensable
prime target of the CIA. When the chips are down, the CIA could
care less about overturning "Communism" in Cuba or Chile. What
really matters is its relative power in the U.S. Government.
Control of a good share of what the Pentagon is doing is more
important to the CIA than control over the government of Jordan or
Syria.
Once, when the CIA wanted to move a squadron (twenty-five) of
helicopters from Laos to South Vietnam, long before the troubles
there had become a war, I turned down the request from the Deputy
Director of Central Intelligence in the name of the Secretary of
Defense for no other reason than the fact that I did not find that
project on the approved list of the National Security Council's
"Forty Committee" (then called the 5412/2 committee). That meant
the agency had neither been directed by the National Security
Council to move those helicopters into Vietnam, nor had it received
authorization for such a tactical movement. In other words, the
planned intervention into South Vietnam with a squadron of
helicopters would at that time have been unlawful as an
intervention into the internal affairs of another country.
This denial then, in 1960, effectively blocked the CIA from
being able to move heavy war-making equipment into Vietnam. The
helicopters were actually U.S. Marine Corps property on "loan" from
Okinawa to the CIA for clandestine operations in Laos.
At that time my immediate superior was General Graves Erskine,
the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Special (Clandestine)
Operations, and the man then responsible for all military support
of clandestine operations of the CIA. Also at that time, Frank
Hand, "worked for" Erskine. Of course, this was a cover
assignment--"cover slot" as it was known to us and to the CIA.
Frank had a regular office in the Pentagon.
No sooner had the CIA request been turned down than someone near
the top of the agency called Frank and told him about it. In his
smiling and friendly way he came into my office, carrying two cups
of coffee, and began some talk about music, travel, or golf. Then,
as was his practice, he would get the subject around to his point
with such a comment as, "Fletch, who do you suppose took a call
here about the choppers in Laos?" and we would be off.
The special ability he possessed was best evidenced by the
process he would set in motion once he discovered a problem that
affected the ambitions of the agency. He would talk about the
choppers with Erskine. Then he would drop in to see the Chief of
Naval Operations and perhaps the Commandant of the Marine Corps.
He would talk with some of the other civilian Assistant
Secretaries. In other words, he would go from office to office
like a bee spreading pollen, titillating only the most senior
officers and civilian officials with the most "highly sensitive"
tidbits about the CIA's plans for Vietnam. In this manner he would
find out what the real thinking in the Pentagon might be, and where
there might be real opposition to such an idea--such as in the
Marine Corps, which knew it would never get compensation for those
expensive helicopters and for the loss of time of all their support
people. He would also find out where there would be support, as
with the ever-eager U.S. Army Special Forces, most of whose senior
officers had been with the CIA.
Then he would drop out of the picture for awhile to travel back
to the old CIA headquarters, on the hill that overlooks what is now
the Watergate complex, for a long talk with Allen Dulles or the
Deputy Director, General Cabell. On matters involving the
clandestine services he would also stop by the old headquarters
buildings, that lined the reflecting pool near the Lincoln
Memorial, to talk with Dick Helms, Desmond Fitzgerald, and other
operators. Within a day or two he would have them fully briefed on
the steps to be taken in order to win over the Defense Department;
or failing that, how to overpower and outmaneuver the Pentagon in
the Department of State and the White House.
The foregoing is a "case study" on the important subject of how
the CIA really operates and what it believes is its top priority.
The propaganda being spread around today by the CIA and its
propagandists that, "What the CIA does is ordered by the
President," is totally untrue in all but .00001 percent of actual
historical cases. It is much more factual to say that, "What the
CIA does is to find ways to initiate major foreign policy moves
without having the President find out--or at least without
discovery until it is too late."
"It is in precisely that manner that the CIA today works around,
beneath and behind the White House to effect policies that could
influence the survival of the nation and the world. "Gold Key"
operatives are, at this very moment, carrying out CIA game plans
entirely outside the power of President Ford's ability to affect
their activities. He is totally without knowledge of most of them,
and therefore powerless to stop or alter them.
In the case of the helicopters, Frank Hand was able to convince
Allen Dulles that the disapproval from the Secretary of Defense,
via my office, was real and that the Secretary would, at that time,
be unlikely to change his mind. Frank also could report that the
position of other top-level assistants was so cool to stepping up
the hardware *involvement* of the military in Vietnam, in 1960,
that none of them would likely attempt to persuade the Secretary to
change his policy of limited involvement.
Fortified with the information gleaned by Frank Hand, Allen
Dulles would have two primary options: drop the idea of moving
helicopters into Vietnam, or bypass the Secretary of Defense for
the time being by going to the White House for support. In 1960
this was a crucial decision. The huge attempt to support a
rebellion in Indonesia had failed utterly, the U-2 operations had
been curtailed because of the Gary Powers incident, the far-
reaching operations into Tibet had come to a halt by Presidential
directive and anti-Castro activities were limited to minor forays.
And at that time the large-scale (large for CIA) war in Laos had
become such a disaster that the CIA wanted no more of it. Dick
Bissell, the chief of the Clandestine Services, had written strong,
personal letters to Tom Gates, the Secretary of Defense, wondering
openly what to do about the 50,000 or more miserable Laotian Meo
tribesmen the CIA had moved into the battle zones of Laos and then
had deserted with no plans for their protection, resupply, care or
feeding. The CIA badly wanted to be relieved of the war that they
had started and then found they could not handle. They wanted to
transfer and thus preserve the agency's assets, including the
helicopters, to the bigger prospects in Vietnam.
So, in 1960, if Allen Dulles dropped the idea of moving his
assets from Laos, he would not only have lost those helicopters
back to the Marine Corps but he would have seriously jeopardized
the CIA's undercover leadership role in the development of the war
in Vietnam, which it had been fanning since 1954.
This was a crucial decision for both the CIA and for those who
wished to contain the agency. If those who wished to put the CIA
genie back in the bottle had been able at that time to prevent the
move of those CIA assets into Vietnam, Dulles would have had to
disband them: helicopters, B-26 bombers from the Indonesian
fiasco, tens of thousands of rifles and other weapons, C-46, C-54
and other Air America-supported heavy transport aircraft, U-2
operations over Indochina, radar and other clandestine equipment,
C-130's specially modified for deep Tibetan operations, and much
more. From the point of view of the CIA, the helicopters were
simply the tip of the iceberg, and the decision was its most
important in that decade.
Typically, in his unwitting Mother Superior-style, which
included bulldog tenacity, Dulles chose the route to the White
House. Here again he could rely strongly on Frank Hand. Working
with Hand in Erskine's office was the CIA's other best agent, Major
General Edward G. Lansdale, who had long served in the CIA. Like
Hand, he had unequalled contacts in the Department of State and in
the White House. In support of Dulles, they contacted their
friends there and began a subtle and powerful move destined to
prepare the way for what would appear to be a decision by President
Eisenhower. This was an important feature of the "case study":
The *apparent* Presidential decision.
When the CIA wants to do something for which it does not have
prior approval and for which it does not have legal sanction, it
works from the bottom, using all of its guile with security and
"need to know"--a euphemism for "keep the scheme away from anyone
at any level of government who might stand in its way." Hand and
Lansdale, among others, were almost always able to line up enough
support in the right places to make it possible for the CIA to get
a favorable reading from the "Forty Committee" on any subject,
legal or not. In fact, this is the great weakness of such a
committee. Rather than working to control the agency it works the
other way. The procedure makes it possible for the agency to win
approval from a lesser echelon of the NSC intrastructure, and then,
by clamping on a security id, it makes others believe that the CIA
had orders from the NSC or perhaps even from the President, when in
fact it did not.
Thus it was that, about two weeks from the day that I received
that first call requesting the movement of the squadron of
helicopters, received word from General Erskine that he had been
"officially" informed that the White House (Forty Committee) had
approved the secret operation. The helicopters were moved into
Vietnam. They were the first of thousands.
The great significance of this incident is to point out how the
CIA works powerfully, deftly, and with great assurance at any level
of our government to get anything it wants done. But the anecdote
shows only the surface coating of the application of the CIA
apparatus.
One year earlier, in 1959, Frank Hand had directed a Boston
banker to my office. At that time I worked in the Directorate of
Plans in Air Force headquarters and my work was top secret. Few of
my contemporaries in the Pentagon knew that I was in charge of a
global U.S. Air Force system created for the dual purpose of
providing Air Force support for the CIA and for protecting the best
interests of the USAF while performing that task. My door was
labeled simply, "Team B"; yet that Boston banker knocked and
entered with assurance. Somehow he knew what my work was and he
knew that I might be able to help him.
In 1959 there were very few helicopters in all of the services,
and military procurement of those expensive machines was at an
all-time low. The Bell Helicopter Company was all but out of
business, and its parent company, Bell Aerospace Corp., was having
trouble keeping it financially afloat. Meanwhile, the shrewd Royal
Little, President of the Providence-based Textron Company, had a
good cash position and could well afford the acquisition of a
loser. Textron and the First National Bank of Boston got together
to talk helicopters. Neither one knew a thing about them. But men
in First Boston were close to the CIA, and they learned that the
CIA was operating helicopters in Laos. What they needed to know
now was, "What would be the future of the military helicopter, and
would the use of helicopters in South East Asia escalate if given a
little boost--such as moving a squadron from Laos to Vietnam?" The
CIA could tell them about that, and Frank Hand would be the man who
could get them to the right people in the Pentagon.
The banker from Boston phrased his questions as though he
believed that the helicopters in Laos were somehow operating under
the Air Force, and then went on to ask about their tactical
significance and about the possible increase of helicopter
utilization for that kind of warfare. This was at a time when not
even newspapers had reported anything like the operation of such
large and expensive aircraft in that remote war. We had a rather
thorough discussion and then he left. He called me several times
after that and visited my office a month or two later.
As the record will show, Textron did acquire the Bell Helicopter
Company and the CIA did step up use of helicopters to the extent
that one of the CIA's own proprietary companies, Asia Aeronautics
Inc., had more than four thousand men on each of two bases where
helicopters were maintained. Most of those men were involved in
their maintenance--Bell Helicopters, no less!
Orders for Bel Helicopters for use in Vietnam exceeded $600-
million. Anyone wanting to know more about how the U.S. got so
heavily ($200-billion and the loss of 58,000 American lives)
involved in Indochina need look no further. This was the pattern
and the plan.
At the present time, when the White House, the House, and the
Senate are all investigating the CIA, it is important to understand
the CIA and to put it all in the proper perspective. It is not the
President who instructs the CIA concerning what it will do. And in
many cases it is *not* even the Director of Central Intelligence
who instructs the CIA. The CIA is a great, monstrous machine with
tremendous and terrible power. It can be set in motion from the
outside like a programmer setting a computer in operation, and then
it covers up what it is doing when men like Frank Hand--the real
movers--put grease on the correct gears. And in a majority of
cases, the power behind it all is big business, big banks, big law
firms and big money. The agency exists to be used by them.
Let no one misunderstand what I mean. It was President Lyndon
B. Johnson who on more than one occasion said that the CIA was
"operating a damn Murder Inc. in the Carribean." In other words,
he knew it was doing this--and he was the President! This
knowledge has been recently confirmed by Defense Secretary James
Schlesinger (who is a former head of the CIA) and others by their
admission that they told the agency to end all "terminations." But
Lyndon Johnson was powerless to do anything about it. This is an
astounding admission from a President, the very man from whom, the
CIA says, it always gets its instructions.
The present concern over "domestic surveillance" and such other
lean tidbits--most important to you and me as they are--is not
important to the CIA. It can easily dispense with a James Angleton
or even a Helms or a Colby (just look at the list of CIA bigwigs
who have been fired--Allen Dulles, Frank Wisner, Dick Bissell, Dick
Helms, and now perhaps Colby); but the great machine will live on
while Congress digs away at the Golden Apples tossed casually aside
by the CIA--the supreme Aphrodite of them all. Notice that the
agency cares little about giving away "secrets" in the form of
cleverly written insider books such as those by Victor Marchetti
and Philip Agee. The CIA just makes it look as though it cared
with some high-class window dressing. Actually the real harm to
the American public from those books is to make people believe that
certain carefully selected propaganda is true.
In the story of Frank Hand we come much closer to seeing exactly
how the CIA operates to control this government and other foreign
governments. It is still operating that way. Today it is
President Ford who is the unwitting accessory.</p>
<p> * * * * * * * *</p>
<p> the following is taken from an article Fletcher Prouty wrote
for the February 1986 issue of "Freedom" magazine, entitled,
"Why Vietnam? The Selection and Preparation of the
Battlefield For America's Entry into the Indochina War," Part
7 in a Series on the Central Intelligence Agency. i include
it to amplify on the curious visit Colonel Prouty received in
1959 from the vice president of the First National Bank of
Boston and how it demonstrates that</p>
<p> There was only one way that vice president of the First
National Bank of Boston could have come directly to my
office in the Pentagon. The CIA had sent him there.
This is one of the most important "truly confidential"
roles of the agency. The CIA is the best friend of the top
executives of America's biggest businesses, and it works for
them at home and abroad. It is always successful in the
highest echelons of government and finance. . . .
Translated into everyday terms, Casey's CIA, as was Allen
Dulles' CIA, is one of the true bastions of power as a
servant of the American and transnational business and
financial community.</p>
<p> --ratitor</p>
<p> ______________________________________________________________________
| |
| Helicopters in Vietnam |
| |
| Toward the end of World War II, a small number of |
| helicopters made their appearance in military operations. |
| During the costly battle for Okinawa, in the summer of 1945, |
| General Joseph Stilwell--famed for his role as commander in |
| the China-Burma-India theater of the war--began to use an |
| early model of the Sikorsky helicopter as a"command car." |
| During the early 1950s, the Korean War gave the |
| helicopter industry a much needed boost and several models |
| were used there. After the Korean War, the use of |
| helicopters in all services was severely curtailed by high |
| costs of procurement and by the enormous amounts of time and |
| money required to keep them in operation. By 1959 almost |
| all helicopter manufacturers were broke, or at least on very |
| hard times. This included the Bell Helicopter Company in |
| Buffalo, New York. |
| The helicopters used on operational missions into Laos, |
| mentioned in this article, were the only military |
| helicopters anywhere in the world getting regular and |
| frequent tactical use. However, their very existence in |
| Thailand and their employment in Laos were secrets. They |
| had been moved from Okinawa to Thailand and were supported |
| by my office in the Pentagon. |
| One day, in 1959, a man entered my office to discuss |
| helicopters. |
| Because of the nature of the work my office was doing, |
| this was an infrequent event. Outside the door of the |
| office there was a small blue card that read: |
| |
| Air Force Plans |
| "Team B" |
| Chief--Lt. Col. L. F. Prouty |
| |
| That card by the door drew little attention, and it was |
| meant to be that way. Then how did this civilian visitor |
| from the outside world know that "Team B" was the place he |
| wanted to visit--for business purposes? |
| He introduced himself as a vice president of the First |
| National Bank of Boston. He said he was interested in the |
| tactical utilization of helicopters. Somehow he had been |
| directed to "Team B." "Team B" had been established in 1955 |
| to provide "military support of the clandestine activities |
| of the CIA." The use of helicopters in Laos was a |
| clandestine operation of the CIA. |
| My visitor knew quite a bit about the helicopters in |
| Thailand. He wanted to know if this utilization of large |
| helicopters on tactical missions was a harbinger of more |
| helicopters or was it simply a make-work project? Then he |
| got to the reason for his visit. |
| He said that the Textron Company of Providence, Rhode |
| Island, was a major customer of his bank. Textron was in a |
| good cash position and the bank was advising them to |
| diversify and acquire a marginally viable company for tax |
| purposes and with an eye to future value. |
| To the First National Bank of Boston the helicopter |
| business and specifically the Bell Helicopter Company in |
| Buffalo appeared to be a prime prospect on both counts. |
| Textron was interested. The only problem was the market. |
| Would there ever be an interest in and a need for |
| helicopters by the military, meaning in big numbers? The |
| Laotian operation was the only show in town. |
| Because of the role being played by my office in support |
| of the use of helicopters in Southeast Asia, I already knew |
| the Bell people well both in Washington, D.C., and Buffalo. |
| I knew Bill Gesel, the president of Bell Helicopter. I knew |
| they were competent, but in trouble for lack of orders. |
| I described the helicopter as a useful vehicle of limited |
| potential, but rather well suited for covert operations. In |
| simple terms, the helicopter was too costly for the regular |
| military budget, but, as a rule, covert operations had money |
| to burn. That was the kind of money helicopters needed. |
| Because of the trend of covert operations in Southeast Asia, |
| I believed the demand for helicopters would increase. |
| As events later transpired, the First National Bank of |
| Boston, of which this man was a vice president, was |
| instrumental in getting Textron to acquire the Bell |
| Helicopter Company. This was the beginning of the Textron |
| acquisition of Bell and of the great success Bell had in |
| selling helicopters for use in Indochina. As we all know |
| now, the Bell "Huey" helicopter was the unsung hero of the |
| struggle in Vietnam. Thousands were used there. |
| On one occasion, while I was at lunch at the Army and |
| Navy Club in Washington, Bill Gesel, still president of |
| Bell, came by my table and pulled a check out of his pocket |
| that was in the range of nine figures--hundreds of millions |
| of dollars. Needless to say, Bell was doing well. Textron |
| was doing well. The First National Bank of Boston had |
| earned its fees and, as a result, the remains of hundreds of |
| Hueys are scattered all over the countryside of Vietnam. |
| The Huey had become the famous "gun ship" of that war. |
| There was only one way that vice president of the First |
| National Bank of Boston could have come directly to my |
| office in the Pentagon. The CIA had sent him there. |
| This is one of the most important "truly confidential" |
| roles of the agency. The CIA is the best friend of the top |
| executives of America's biggest businesses, and it works for |
| them at home and abroad. It is always successful in the |
| highest echelons of government and finance. |
| This is the way things were more than 25 years ago. You |
| may be assured these successes have not diminished under the |
| current director of central intelligence, William J. Casey, |
| a true friend of business. |
| During a speech, delivered in December 1979 before an |
| American Bar Association workshop on "Law, Intelligence and |
| National Security," Casey said that he would like to see the |
| CIA be a place "in the United States government to |
| systematically look at the economic opportunities and |
| threats in a long-term perspective, . . . [to] recommend, or |
| act on the use of economic leverage, either offensively or |
| defensively for strategic purposes." |
| Translated into everyday terms, Casey's CIA, as was Allen |
| Dulles' CIA, is one of the true bastions of power as a |
| servant of the American and transnational business and |
| financial community. |
| |
|____________________________________________________________________|</p>
<p>--
daveus rattus </p>
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.
i</xml>

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<xml><p>
John Stockwell
The Secret Wars of the CIA</p>
John Stockwell
The Secret Wars of the CIA</p>
<p> [The Other Americas Radio; A two-part speech.]</p>
<p> [The Other Americas Radio; A two-part speech.]</p>
<p>John Stockwell is the highest-ranking CIA official ever to leave the agency
and go public. He ran a CIA intelligence-gathering post in Vietnam, was the
@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ please pass a copy of this transcript on, and if you like the transcript, send
a donation to them (the tape costs 13 dollars, and they have other tapes as
well) at:</p>
<p> The Other Americas Radio
Programs &amp; News on Latin America.
KCSB-FM, Box 85
Santa Barbara, CA 93102
(805) 569-5381</p>
<p> The Other Americas Radio
Programs &amp; News on Latin America.
KCSB-FM, Box 85
Santa Barbara, CA 93102
(805) 569-5381</p>
<p>For the on-line (electronic) version of this transcription, contact
toad@spice.cs.cmu.edu on the ARPA network, or retrieve, via FTP, the
@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ digitally on disk. Write to P.O.Box 81795, Pittsburgh, PA 15217.</p>
<p>======================================================================</p>
<p> "The Inner Workings of the National Security Council and the
CIA's Covert Actions in Angola, Central America and Vietnam"</p>
<p> "The Inner Workings of the National Security Council and the
CIA's Covert Actions in Angola, Central America and Vietnam"</p>
<p>I did 13 years in the CIA altogether. I sat on a subcommittee of the NSC, so
I was like a chief of staff, with the GS-18s (like 3-star generals) Henry
@ -1211,24 +1211,24 @@ today, and do it, what they can, every day of their lives."</p>
<p>X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
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<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
Salted Slug Systems Strange 408-454-9368
Burn This Flag Zardoz 408-363-9766
realitycheck Poindexter Fortran 415-567-7043
Lies Unlimited Mick Freen 415-583-4102
Tomorrow's 0rder of Magnitude Finger_Man 408-961-9315
My Dog Bit Jesus Suzanne D'Fault 510-658-8078</p>
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@ -80,14 +80,14 @@ The French monarchy, and the causes of its downfall, have been widely
and deliberately misrepresented. The truth about the French monarchy
was stated by the Scottish philosopher David Hume in 1742: </p>
<p> Though all kinds of government be improved in modern times, yet
monarchical government seems to have made the greatest advance to
perfection. It may now be affirmed of civilized monarchies, what
was formerly said of republics alone, that they are a government
of laws, not of men. They are susceptible of order, method, and
constancy, to a surprising degree. Property is there secure;
industry is encouraged; the arts flourish; and the prince lives
among his subjects like a father among his children. </p>
<p> Though all kinds of government be improved in modern times, yet
monarchical government seems to have made the greatest advance to
perfection. It may now be affirmed of civilized monarchies, what
was formerly said of republics alone, that they are a government
of laws, not of men. They are susceptible of order, method, and
constancy, to a surprising degree. Property is there secure;
industry is encouraged; the arts flourish; and the prince lives
among his subjects like a father among his children. </p>
<p>Hume added that he saw more "sources of degeneracy" in representative
republics like that of England than in France, which he called "the
@ -240,15 +240,15 @@ egalitarian New World Order propaganda which they had spouted. Lothrop
Stoddard, a widely read political and social commentator in the
post-war period, wrote in The Rising Tide of Color in 1920: </p>
<p> During the war years the allied statesmen had officially
proclaimed times without number that the war was being fought to
establish a new world order based on such principles as the
rights of small nations, and the liberty of all peoples. These
pronouncements had been treasured and memorized throughout the
East. When, therefore, the East saw a peace settlement based,
not upon those high professions, but upon the imperialistic
secret treaties, it was fired with a moral indignation and sense
of outraged justice never known before. </p>
<p> During the war years the allied statesmen had officially
proclaimed times without number that the war was being fought to
establish a new world order based on such principles as the
rights of small nations, and the liberty of all peoples. These
pronouncements had been treasured and memorized throughout the
East. When, therefore, the East saw a peace settlement based,
not upon those high professions, but upon the imperialistic
secret treaties, it was fired with a moral indignation and sense
of outraged justice never known before. </p>
<p>The European powers, while they displayed an unlimited capacity for
treachery toward defeated Germany, whose people were certainly not
@ -273,27 +273,27 @@ was an explicit part of the New World Order agenda. </p>
Oxford University Press in 1932. In the essay entitled Race Problems
in Industry and Culture, F. S. Marvin states: </p>
<p> Until South Africa can not only contemplate, but insist on
having, a Bantu as one of its delegation to Geneva, it has not
recognized the principle. </p>
<p> Until South Africa can not only contemplate, but insist on
having, a Bantu as one of its delegation to Geneva, it has not
recognized the principle. </p>
<p>Marvin also advocated the admission of the non-White hordes into White
homelands. He wrote: </p>
<p> But there does exist a teeming population in Japan, pressing for
outlets, and hundreds of millions of Chinese . . . . India, too,
constantly increases her needy but industrious and
naturally skillful peasantry. Meanwhile the white man in
Australia, South Africa, and on the Pacific Coast [of the United
States] is maintaining in his own supposed interest the strictest
exclusion that he can arrange against the settlement of these
people in lands which he controls, and they could happily and
profitably inhabit. It is a policy untenable in the long run,
condemned alike by considerations of industry, biology, and
humanity. Let us be thankful that a League of Nations stands in
the breach, not yet to take active steps, for other more urgent
tasks are at hand, but to keep steadily before the
eyes of all parties the hopes and duties of cooperating mankind. </p>
<p> But there does exist a teeming population in Japan, pressing for
outlets, and hundreds of millions of Chinese . . . . India, too,
constantly increases her needy but industrious and
naturally skillful peasantry. Meanwhile the white man in
Australia, South Africa, and on the Pacific Coast [of the United
States] is maintaining in his own supposed interest the strictest
exclusion that he can arrange against the settlement of these
people in lands which he controls, and they could happily and
profitably inhabit. It is a policy untenable in the long run,
condemned alike by considerations of industry, biology, and
humanity. Let us be thankful that a League of Nations stands in
the breach, not yet to take active steps, for other more urgent
tasks are at hand, but to keep steadily before the
eyes of all parties the hopes and duties of cooperating mankind. </p>
<p>F.S. Marvin was a professor of history and a member of the Royal
Historical Society. It is absolutely terrifying that there have been,
@ -692,11 +692,11 @@ also be counted on to do this. The fact that these essentially Jewish
organizations try to ensnare Gentile stooges is not at all surprising
in light of Isaiah 61, which states: </p>
<p> Aliens shall stand and feed your flocks, foreigners shall be your
plowmen and vine dressers; but you shall be called the priests of
the Lord, men shall speak of you as the ministers of our God; you
shall eat the wealth of nations, and in their riches you shall
glory. </p>
<p> Aliens shall stand and feed your flocks, foreigners shall be your
plowmen and vine dressers; but you shall be called the priests of
the Lord, men shall speak of you as the ministers of our God; you
shall eat the wealth of nations, and in their riches you shall
glory. </p>
<p>Jews often recruit Gentiles to be their "plowmen and vine dressers,"
or some equivalent thereof. </p>
@ -711,13 +711,13 @@ that Louis XVI be executed. </p>
was an addition to Cabalism in the 16th century, which has significant
implications: </p>
<p> A new metaphysical philosophy was injected into Cabalism in the
sixteenth century by one of the great Cabalistic scholars, Isaac
Luria (1534-1572), known as Ari, 'the lion.' Luria held that all
matter and thought evolved through a three stage cycle: tzimtzum,
literally 'contraction' or thesis; shevirat hakeilim, literally
'breaking of the vessels' or antithesis; and tikkun, literally
'restoration' or synthesis. </p>
<p> A new metaphysical philosophy was injected into Cabalism in the
sixteenth century by one of the great Cabalistic scholars, Isaac
Luria (1534-1572), known as Ari, 'the lion.' Luria held that all
matter and thought evolved through a three stage cycle: tzimtzum,
literally 'contraction' or thesis; shevirat hakeilim, literally
'breaking of the vessels' or antithesis; and tikkun, literally
'restoration' or synthesis. </p>
<p>That last Hebrew term, tikkun, you have heard before: It is the name
of Rabbi Michael Lerner's Jewish magazine. It was Rabbi Lerner who was
@ -730,11 +730,11 @@ was part of what is called the "Jewish Reformation," which also
included Hasidic Judaism. Jewish writer, Norman F. Cantor,
states in The Sacred Chain: the History of the Jews: </p>
<p> Central to Frank's doctrine, and practiced by him and some of his
followers, was the legitimacy of sexual promiscuity based on the
assumption, from Cabalistic derivation, that sexual activity was
a form of cosmic healing, unifying the spiritual and material
realms. </p>
<p> Central to Frank's doctrine, and practiced by him and some of his
followers, was the legitimacy of sexual promiscuity based on the
assumption, from Cabalistic derivation, that sexual activity was
a form of cosmic healing, unifying the spiritual and material
realms. </p>
<p>The "free love" advocated and practiced by Jacob Frank and his ilk was
echoed in the French Revolution, in the Bolshevik Revolution, in the
@ -756,34 +756,34 @@ vended to the gullible. </p>
Henry B. Stanton, who attended a convention of abolitionists in
Boston: </p>
<p> There was a representative array on the front seats, near the
platform. First was Garrison, his countenance calling to mind the
pictures of the prophet Isaiah in a rapt mood; next was the fine
Roman head of Wendell Phillips; at his right was Father Lampson,
so called, a crazy loon -- his hair and flowing beard as white as
the driven snow. He was the inventor of the valuable
scythe-snath, and invariably carried a snath in his hand. His
forte was selling his wares on secular days and disturbing
religious meetings on Sunday. Next to Lampson sat
Edmund Quincy, high born and wealthy, the son of the famous
President Quincy [of Harvard]. Next to Quincy was Abigail Folsom,
another lunatic, with a shock of unkempt hair reaching down to her
waist. At her right was George W. Mellen, clad in the military
costume of the Revolution, and fancying himself to be General
Washington, because he was named after him. Poor Mellen died in
an asylum. </p>
<p> There was a representative array on the front seats, near the
platform. First was Garrison, his countenance calling to mind the
pictures of the prophet Isaiah in a rapt mood; next was the fine
Roman head of Wendell Phillips; at his right was Father Lampson,
so called, a crazy loon -- his hair and flowing beard as white as
the driven snow. He was the inventor of the valuable
scythe-snath, and invariably carried a snath in his hand. His
forte was selling his wares on secular days and disturbing
religious meetings on Sunday. Next to Lampson sat
Edmund Quincy, high born and wealthy, the son of the famous
President Quincy [of Harvard]. Next to Quincy was Abigail Folsom,
another lunatic, with a shock of unkempt hair reaching down to her
waist. At her right was George W. Mellen, clad in the military
costume of the Revolution, and fancying himself to be General
Washington, because he was named after him. Poor Mellen died in
an asylum. </p>
<p>Another prominent figure in Radical Abolitionism was Victoria
Woodhull, who was also a feminist, an occultist, and a
Communist. Stanton continues: </p>
<p> As if her time did not pass spectacularly enough, Victoria
Woodhull organized an American section of the International
Workingmen's Association [the First Communist International]. In
this endeavor her chief ally was William West . . . Their section
of the International advocated woman's suffrage and sexual
freedom as well as Stephen Pearl Andrews' pet theories of
universal language and "pantarchical" order." </p>
<p> As if her time did not pass spectacularly enough, Victoria
Woodhull organized an American section of the International
Workingmen's Association [the First Communist International]. In
this endeavor her chief ally was William West . . . Their section
of the International advocated woman's suffrage and sexual
freedom as well as Stephen Pearl Andrews' pet theories of
universal language and "pantarchical" order." </p>
<p>These flakes were an embarrassment even to the Marxists. In the
interests of party orthodoxy, Victoria Woodhull's section was expelled
@ -797,77 +797,77 @@ implications for man. Wright defined self-abnegation in these terms:
<p>He further explains: </p>
<p> Self-preservation, at the expense of others, is condemned by
universal consciousness . . . . Let any man, whatever be his
moral or intellectual development, fully understand the meaning
of self-abnegation and then enter into the sacred and silent
depths of his own soul, and he will find this to be an abiding
law of his nature, to which he will find his heaven in being
obedient. </p>
<p> Self-preservation, at the expense of others, is condemned by
universal consciousness . . . . Let any man, whatever be his
moral or intellectual development, fully understand the meaning
of self-abnegation and then enter into the sacred and silent
depths of his own soul, and he will find this to be an abiding
law of his nature, to which he will find his heaven in being
obedient. </p>
<p>Mainstream historian Lewis Perry states that there was behind radical
abolitionism a religious movement called "Perfectionism," which is
"the quest for perfect holiness and the idea that such perfection
might be immediately possible." Perry further states: </p>
<p> Perfectionist ideas permeated the major denominations and
inspired a variety of shockingly radical splinter movements. It
was possible for those who deemed their personal sanctification
to be perfect to attack the practices of institutional churches
and hold themselves to new standards of morality. Rumors of
sexual promiscuity particularly haunted the career of
perfectionism in upstate New York. John Humphrey Noyes
proceeded from the development of perfectionist religious
theories to preach common marriage among the saints, a belief
which, as practiced by Noyes and his followers at the Oneida
Community, was popularly referred to as "free love." Though free
love and the disruption of churches were of course widely
condemned, it was difficult for the evangelical orthodoxy to
distinguish its basic perfectionist beliefs from those of
scandalous radicals. </p>
<p> Perfectionist ideas permeated the major denominations and
inspired a variety of shockingly radical splinter movements. It
was possible for those who deemed their personal sanctification
to be perfect to attack the practices of institutional churches
and hold themselves to new standards of morality. Rumors of
sexual promiscuity particularly haunted the career of
perfectionism in upstate New York. John Humphrey Noyes
proceeded from the development of perfectionist religious
theories to preach common marriage among the saints, a belief
which, as practiced by Noyes and his followers at the Oneida
Community, was popularly referred to as "free love." Though free
love and the disruption of churches were of course widely
condemned, it was difficult for the evangelical orthodoxy to
distinguish its basic perfectionist beliefs from those of
scandalous radicals. </p>
<p>The combination of the term "perfectionism" with the advocacy of
sexual promiscuity is a suggestive parallel to Jewish Cabalism. Adam
Weishaupt's Order of the Illuminati was also known as the
Perfektibilisten. We return to Perry: </p>
<p> The most notorious perfectionist was John Humphrey Noyes. Noyes
had been brought up as an orthodox New Englander and educated in
the 'New Divinity' at Yale." After a meeting with abolitionist
leader William Lloyd Garrison, Noyes announced that he had
retracted his allegiance to the United States government and now
championed the claim of Jesus Christ to the throne of the world.
He depicted the government as a fat libertine flogging Negroes
and torturing Indians. . . . "My hope of the millennium," he
wrote, "begins where Dr. Beecher's expires -- viz, at the
overthrow of this nation." </p>
<p> The most notorious perfectionist was John Humphrey Noyes. Noyes
had been brought up as an orthodox New Englander and educated in
the 'New Divinity' at Yale." After a meeting with abolitionist
leader William Lloyd Garrison, Noyes announced that he had
retracted his allegiance to the United States government and now
championed the claim of Jesus Christ to the throne of the world.
He depicted the government as a fat libertine flogging Negroes
and torturing Indians. . . . "My hope of the millennium," he
wrote, "begins where Dr. Beecher's expires -- viz, at the
overthrow of this nation." </p>
<p>James Russell Lowell, a prominent abolitionist, explicitly advocated
race-mixing, on the grounds that mulatto offspring would be more
submissive -- more "Christian" -- than the White race. He wrote: </p>
<p> We have never had any doubt that the African race was intended to
introduce a new element of civilization, and that the Caucasian
would be benefited greatly by an infusion of its gentler and less
selfish qualities. The Caucasian mind, which always seeks to
govern, at whatever cost, can never come to so beautiful or
Christian a height of civilization, as with a mixture of those
seemingly humble, but truly more noble, qualities which teach it
to obey. </p>
<p> We have never had any doubt that the African race was intended to
introduce a new element of civilization, and that the Caucasian
would be benefited greatly by an infusion of its gentler and less
selfish qualities. The Caucasian mind, which always seeks to
govern, at whatever cost, can never come to so beautiful or
Christian a height of civilization, as with a mixture of those
seemingly humble, but truly more noble, qualities which teach it
to obey. </p>
<p>Abolitionist Henry C. Wright stated in 1857 what would become the
actual agenda of the Reconstruction period: </p>
<p> A baptism of blood awaits the slave holder and his abettors. So
be it. The retribution is just. Must the slave holders become the
slaves of those whom they have enslaved? History answers "Yes."
If slavery goes down in blood, the conquered will be the bondsmen
and bondswomen of the conquerors; for the practical teaching of
Church and State is, that might makes the right to enslave. Bid
American slave holders beware! Their turn may come, will come,
must come, to be bought and sold as brutes, and to have their
wives and daughters consigned to the Negro's harem, unless they
willingly and penitently let their slaves go free. </p>
<p> A baptism of blood awaits the slave holder and his abettors. So
be it. The retribution is just. Must the slave holders become the
slaves of those whom they have enslaved? History answers "Yes."
If slavery goes down in blood, the conquered will be the bondsmen
and bondswomen of the conquerors; for the practical teaching of
Church and State is, that might makes the right to enslave. Bid
American slave holders beware! Their turn may come, will come,
must come, to be bought and sold as brutes, and to have their
wives and daughters consigned to the Negro's harem, unless they
willingly and penitently let their slaves go free. </p>
<p>It should be noted that, aside from the grotesque dream of forced
miscegenation, Wright's vision is not essentially different
@ -930,13 +930,13 @@ land in which there is no government whatsoever. </p>
1889 book Anarchy and Anarchists: a History of the Red Terror and the
Social Revolution in America and Europe: </p>
<p> It [anarchism] is founded upon the teachings of Karl Marx and his
disciples, and it aims directly at the complete destruction of
all forms of government and religion. It offers no solution of
the problems which will arise when society, as we understand it,
shall disappear, but contents itself with declaring that the duty
at hand is tearing down; that the work of building up must come
later. </p>
<p> It [anarchism] is founded upon the teachings of Karl Marx and his
disciples, and it aims directly at the complete destruction of
all forms of government and religion. It offers no solution of
the problems which will arise when society, as we understand it,
shall disappear, but contents itself with declaring that the duty
at hand is tearing down; that the work of building up must come
later. </p>
<p>When one considers that anarchism is, in fact, laissez faire carried a
step farther, it becomes apparent that Marxism and the beloved laissez
@ -1162,14 +1162,14 @@ other way. </p>
for the loss of our race means the loss of everything. The struggle
itself will make us strong! </p>
<p> Editor's Note: All five parts of the original radio broadcast are
contained in this issue of Free Speech. Due to space limitations,
and to avoid repetition, more editing than usual was required. The
audio tapes of this series contain the complete shows as
originally broadcast. These tapes are available for the special
price of $50.00 postpaid. </p>
<p> Editor's Note: All five parts of the original radio broadcast are
contained in this issue of Free Speech. Due to space limitations,
and to avoid repetition, more editing than usual was required. The
audio tapes of this series contain the complete shows as
originally broadcast. These tapes are available for the special
price of $50.00 postpaid. </p>
<p> For further information write to National Vanguard Books, PO Box
<p> For further information write to National Vanguard Books, PO Box
330, Hillsboro WV 24946 USA. </p>
<p>National Alliance Home Page

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@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
<xml><p> JOHN STOCKWELL</p>
<xml><p> JOHN STOCKWELL</p>
<p> THE SECRET WARS OF THE CIA</p>
<p> THE SECRET WARS OF THE CIA</p>
<p> 10 October 1987</p>
<p> 10 October 1987</p>
<p> A two-part speech.</p>
<p> A two-part speech.</p>
<p> Copyright (C) 1987 The Other Americas Radio
<p> Copyright (C) 1987 The Other Americas Radio
John Stockwell is the highest-ranking CIA official ever to leave the
agency and go public. He ran a CIA intelligence-gathering post in
Vietnam, was the task-force commander of the CIA's secret war in
@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ Santa Barbara, CA 93102
<p> For the on-line (electronic) version of this transcription, contact
toad@nl.cs.cmu.edu on the ARPA network, or retrieve, via FTP, the file
/usr/toad/text/talk/speech.doc or /usr/toad/text/talk/speech.mss from
the NL.CS.CMU.EDU vax. Also available as a paper manuscript, or
the NL.CS.CMU.EDU vax. Also available as a paper manuscript, or
digitally on disk. Write to P.O.Box 81795, Pittsburgh, PA 15217.</p>
<p> PART I</p>
<p> PART I</p>
<p> THE INNER WORKINGS OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL AND THE
CIA'S COVERT ACTIONS IN ANGOLA, CENTRAL AMERICA AND VIETNAM</p>
<p> THE INNER WORKINGS OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL AND THE
CIA'S COVERT ACTIONS IN ANGOLA, CENTRAL AMERICA AND VIETNAM</p>
<p> "I did 13 years in the CIA altogether. I sat on a subcommittee of
the NSC, so I was like a chief of staff, with the GS-18s (like 3-star
@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ have run several hundred covert actions a year, and the CIA has been
in business for a total of 37 years.</p>
<p> What we're going to talk about tonight is the United States national
security syndrome. We're going to talk about how and why the U.S.
security syndrome. We're going to talk about how and why the U.S.
manipulates the press. We're going to talk about how and why the U.S.
is pouring money into El Salvador, and preparing to invade Nicaragua;
how all of this concerns us so directly. I'm going to try to explain
to you the other side of terrorism; that is, the other side of what
Secretary of State Shultz talks about. In doing this, we'll talk
Secretary of State Shultz talks about. In doing this, we'll talk
about the Korean war, the Vietnam war, and the Central American war.</p>
<p> Everything I'm going to talk to you about is represented, one way or
@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ background, to believe in everything they were saying about the cold
war, and I took the job with great enthusiasm (in the CIA) to join the
best and the brightest of the CIA, of our foreign service, to go out
into the world, to join the struggle, to project American values and
save the world for our brand of democracy. And I believed this. I
save the world for our brand of democracy. And I believed this. I
went out and worked hard....</p>
<p> What I really got out of these 6 years in Africa was a sense ...
that nothing we were doing in fact defended U.S. national security
interests very much. We didn't have many national security interests
in Bujumbura, Burundi, in the heart of Africa. I concluded that I
in Bujumbura, Burundi, in the heart of Africa. I concluded that I
just couldn't see the point.</p>
<p> We were doing things it seemed because we were there, because it was
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ look bad'.</p>
<p> And he said I was getting too big for my britches. He said, `you're
trying to think like the people in the NSC back in Washington who have
the big picture, who know what's going on in the world, who have all
the secret information, and the experience to digest it. If they
the secret information, and the experience to digest it. If they
decide we should have someone in Bujumbura, Burundi, and that person
should be you, then you should do your job, and wait until you have
more experience, and you work your way up to that point, then you will
@ -134,11 +134,11 @@ to have bribery and corruption as a tool for doing business in Africa
at that time.</p>
<p> I went from ... a tour in Washington to Vietnam. And there, my
career, and my life, began to get a little bit more serious. They
assigned me a country. It was during the cease-fire, '73 to '75.
career, and my life, began to get a little bit more serious. They
assigned me a country. It was during the cease-fire, '73 to '75.
There was no cease-fire. Young men were being slaughtered. I saw a
slaughter. 300 young men that the South Vietnamese army ambushed.
Their bodies brought in and laid out in a lot next to my compound. I
slaughter. 300 young men that the South Vietnamese army ambushed.
Their bodies brought in and laid out in a lot next to my compound. I
was up-country in Tayninh. They were laid out next door, until the
families could come and claim them and take them away for burial.</p>
@ -188,10 +188,10 @@ as it is in El Salvador today. He could use half of the trucks to
haul produce, half of the helicopters to haul heroin.</p>
<p> And the Army couldn't fight. And we lived with it, and we saw it,
and there was no doubt - everybody talked about it openly. We could
and there was no doubt - everybody talked about it openly. We could
provide all kinds of proof, and they wouldn't let us report it. Now
this was a serious problem because the south was attacked in the
winter of 1975, and it collapsed like a big vase hit by a
winter of 1975, and it collapsed like a big vase hit by a
sledgehammer. And the U.S. was humiliated, and that was the dramatic
end of our long involvement in Vietnam....</p>
@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ National Security Council, this office that Larry Devlin has told me
about where they had access to all the information about Angola, about
the whole world, and I would finally understand national security.
And I couldn't resist the opportunity to know. I knew the CIA was not
a worthwhile organization, I had learned that the hard way. But the
a worthwhile organization, I had learned that the hard way. But the
question was where did the U.S. government fit into this thing, and I
had a chance to see for myself in the next big secret war....</p>
@ -223,12 +223,12 @@ to sleep in nearly every one of these meetings....</p>
got Nicaragua.... the basic structure, all the way through including
the mining of harbors, we addressed all of these issues. The point is
that the U.S. led the way at every step of the escalation of the
fighting. We said it was the Soviets and the Cubans that were doing
it. It was the U.S. that was escalating the fighting. There would
fighting. We said it was the Soviets and the Cubans that were doing
it. It was the U.S. that was escalating the fighting. There would
have been no war if we hadn't gone in first. We put arms in, they put
arms in. We put advisors in, they answered with advisors. We put in
Zairian para-commando battalions, they put in Cuban army troops. We
brought in the S. African army, they brought in the Cuban army. And
brought in the S. African army, they brought in the Cuban army. And
they pushed us away. They blew us away because we were lying, we were
covering ourselves with lies, and they were telling the truth. And it
was not a war that we could fight. We didn't have interests there
@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ they won the victory that they were winning anyway.</p>
<p> Now, the most significant thing that I got out of all of this, in
addition to the fact that our rationales were basically false, was
that we lied. To just about everybody involved. One third of my
that we lied. To just about everybody involved. One third of my
staff in this task force that I put together in Washington, commanding
this global operation, pulling strings all over the world to focus
pressure onto Angola, and military activities into Angola, one third
@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ out, and that we deplored the militarization of the conflict.</p>
<p> And every statement he made was false. And every statement he made
was originated in the sub-committee of the NSC that I sat on as we
managed this thing. The state department press person read these
managed this thing. The state department press person read these
position papers daily to the press. We would write papers for him.
Four paragraphs. We would call him on the phone and say, `call us 10
minutes before you go on, the situation could change overnight, we'll
@ -290,13 +290,13 @@ formal briefings. And such lies are perjury, and it's a felony to lie
to the Congress.</p>
<p> He lied about our relationship with South Africa. We were working
closely with the South African army, giving them our arms,
closely with the South African army, giving them our arms,
coordinating battles with them, giving them fuel for their tanks and
armored cars. He said we were staying well away from them. They were
concerned about these white mercenaries that were appearing in Angola,
a very sensitive issue, hiring whites to go into a black African
country, to help you impose your will on that black African country by
killing the blacks, a very sensitive issue. The Congress was
killing the blacks, a very sensitive issue. The Congress was
concerned we might be involved in that, and he assured them we had
nothing to do with it.</p>
@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ the country.</p>
<p> In summary about Angola, without U.S. intervention, 10,000 people
would be alive that were killed in the thing. The outcome might have
been peaceful, or at least much less bloody. The MPLA was winning
been peaceful, or at least much less bloody. The MPLA was winning
when we went in, and they went ahead and won, which was, according to
our consul, the best thing for the country.</p>
@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ people from the CIA and S. African forces. We had allied the U.S.
literally and in the eyes of the world with the S. African army, and
that's illegal, and it's impolitic. We had hired white mercenaries
and eventually been identified with them. And that's illegal, and
it's impolitic. And our lies had been visible lies. We were caught
it's impolitic. And our lies had been visible lies. We were caught
out on those lies. And the world saw the U.S. as liars.</p>
<p> After it was over, you have to ask yourself, was it justified? What
@ -348,9 +348,9 @@ people read it. I was able to take my story to the American people.
Got on 60 minutes, and lots and lots of other shows.</p>
<p> I testified to the Congress and then I began my education in
earnest, after having been taught to fight communists all my life. I
earnest, after having been taught to fight communists all my life. I
went to see what communists were all about. I went to Cuba to see if
they do in fact eat babies for breakfast. And I found they don't. I
they do in fact eat babies for breakfast. And I found they don't. I
went to Budapest, a country that even national geographic admits is
working nicely. I went to Jamaica to talk to Michael Manley about his
theories of social democracy.</p>
@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ someone else puts together what they want you to hear about the news.
In newspapers you get what the editors select to put in the newspaper.
If you want to know about the world and understand, to educate
yourself, you have to get out and dig, dig up books and articles for
yourself. Read, and find out for yourselves. As you'll see, the
yourself. Read, and find out for yourselves. As you'll see, the
issues are very, very important.</p>
<p> I also was able to meet the players, the people who write, the
@ -403,10 +403,10 @@ communist party (Indonesian communist party), it also eliminated the
entire segment of the population that tended to support the communist
party - the ethnic Chinese, Indonesian Chinese. And the CIA's report
put the number of dead at 800,000 killed. And that was one covert
action. We're talking about 1 to 3 million people killed in these
action. We're talking about 1 to 3 million people killed in these
things.</p>
<p> Two of these things have led us directly into bloody wars. There
<p> Two of these things have led us directly into bloody wars. There
was a covert action against China, destabilizing China, for many, many
years, with a propaganda campaign to work up a mood, a feeling in this
country, of the evils of communist China, and attacking them, as we're
@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ this led us directly into the Korean war.</p>
<p> U.S. intelligence officers worked over Vietnam for a total of 25
years, with greater and greater involvement, massive propaganda,
deceiving the American people about what was happening. Panicking
deceiving the American people about what was happening. Panicking
people in Vietnam to create migrations to the south so they could
photograph it and show how people were fleeing communism. And on and
on, until they got us into the Vietnam war, and 2,000,000 people were
@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ killed.</p>
<p> There is a mood, a sentiment in Washington, by our leadership today,
for the past 4 years, that a good communist is a dead communist. If
you're killing 1 to 3 million communists, that's great. President
you're killing 1 to 3 million communists, that's great. President
Reagan has gone public and said he would reduce the Soviet Union to a
pile of ashes. The problem, though, is that these people killed by
our national security activities are not communists. They're not
@ -438,11 +438,11 @@ toasts and talking.</p>
world. That's the common denominator that you come up with. People of
the third world. People that have the misfortune of being born in the
Metumba mountains of the Congo, in the jungles of Southeast Asia, and
now in the hills of northern Nicaragua. Far more Catholics than
now in the hills of northern Nicaragua. Far more Catholics than
communists, far more Buddhists than communists. Most of them couldn't
give you an intelligent definition of communism, or of capitalism.</p>
<p> Central America has been a traditional target of U.S. dominion. If
<p> Central America has been a traditional target of U.S. dominion. If
you want to get an easy-read of the history of our involvement in
Central America, read Walter LaFeber's book, Inevitable Revolutions.
[8] We have dominated the area since 1820. We've had a policy of
@ -452,10 +452,10 @@ Europe, from competing with us in the area.</p>
<p> Just to give you an example of how complete this is, and how
military this has been, between 1900 and W.W. II, we had 5,000 marines
in Nicaragua for a total of 28 years. We invaded the Dominican
Republic 4 times. Haiti, we occupied it for 12 years. We put our
Republic 4 times. Haiti, we occupied it for 12 years. We put our
troops into Cuba 4 times, Panama 6 times, Guatemala once, plus a CIA
covert action to overthrow the democratic government there once.
Honduras, 7 times. And by the way, we put 12,000 troops into the
Honduras, 7 times. And by the way, we put 12,000 troops into the
Soviet Union during that same period of time.</p>
<p> In the 1930's there was public and international pressure about our
@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ payroll, trained by the CIA and the United States.</p>
Latin America for 26 years, in which we taught them to break up
subversion by interrogating people. Interrogation, including torture,
the way the CIA taught it. Dan Metrione, the famous exponent of these
things, did 7 years in Brazil and 3 in Uruguay, teaching
things, did 7 years in Brazil and 3 in Uruguay, teaching
interrogation, teaching torture. He was supposed to be the master of
the business, how to apply the right amount of pain, at just the right
times, in order to get the response you want from the individual.</p>
@ -510,13 +510,13 @@ they would be afraid of the police and the government.</p>
women who was in this program for 2 years - tortured in Brazil for 2
years - she testified internationally when she eventually got out.
She said, `The most horrible thing about it was in fact, that the
people doing the torture were not raving psychopaths.' She couldn't
people doing the torture were not raving psychopaths.' She couldn't
break mental contact with them the way you could if they were
psychopath. They were very ordinary people....</p>
<p> There's a lesson in all of this. And the lesson is that it isn't
only Gestapo maniacs, or KGB maniacs, that do inhuman things to other
people, it's people that do inhuman things to other people. And we
people, it's people that do inhuman things to other people. And we
are responsible for doing these things, on a massive basis, to people
of the world today. And we do it in a way that gives us this
plausible denial to our own consciences; we create a CIA, a secret
@ -526,26 +526,26 @@ although the information is there for us to know; and we pretend like
it's ok because we're fighting some vague communist threat. And we're
just as responsible for these 1 to 3 million people we've slaughtered
and for all the people we've tortured and made miserable, as the
Gestapo was the people that they've slaughtered and killed. Genocide
Gestapo was the people that they've slaughtered and killed. Genocide
is genocide!</p>
<p> Now we're pouring money into El Salvador. A billion dollars or so.
And it's a documented fact that the... 14 families there that own 60%
of the country are taking out between 2 to 5 billion dollars - it's
called de-capitalization - and putting it in banks in Miami and
Switzerland. Mort Halper, in testifying to a committee of the
Switzerland. Mort Halper, in testifying to a committee of the
Congress, he suggested we could simplify the whole thing politically
just by investing our money directly in the Miami banks in their names
and just stay out of El Salvador altogether. And the people would be
better off.</p>
<p> Nicaragua. What's happening in Nicaragua today is covert action.
It's a classic de-stabilization program. In November 16, 1981,
<p> Nicaragua. What's happening in Nicaragua today is covert action.
It's a classic de-stabilization program. In November 16, 1981,
President Reagan allocated 19 million dollars to form an army, a force
of contras, they're called, ex-Somoza national guards, the monsters
who were doing the torture and terror in Nicaragua that made the
Nicaraguan people rise up and throw out the dictator, and throw out
the guard. We went back to create an army of these people. We are
the guard. We went back to create an army of these people. We are
killing, and killing, and terrorizing people. Not only in Nicaragua
but the Congress has leaked to the press - reported in the New York
Times, that there are 50 covert actions going around the world today,
@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ clear.... If agents Smith and Jones came on this campus, in an
MK-ultra-type experiment, and blew your fiance's head away with LSD,
it would now be a felony to publish an article in your local paper
saying, `watch out for these 2 turkeys, they're federal agents and
they blew my loved one's head away with LSD'. It would not be a
they blew my loved one's head away with LSD'. It would not be a
felony what they had done because that's national security and none of
them were ever punished for those activities.</p>
@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ for the rest of their lives. To keep the scandals from leaking out...
to keep the American people from knowing what the government is really
doing.</p>
<p> Then it starts getting heavy. The `Pre-emptive Strikes' bill.
<p> Then it starts getting heavy. The `Pre-emptive Strikes' bill.
President Reagan, working through the Secretary of State Shultz...
almost 2 years ago, submitted the bill that would provide them with
the authority to strike at terrorists before terrorists can do their
@ -610,14 +610,14 @@ jury, and all of that, with impunity.</p>
<p> Now, there was a tremendous outcry on the part of jurists. The New
York Times columns and other newspapers saying, `this is no different
from Hitler's "night in fog" program', where the government had the
authority to haul people off at night. And they did so by the
thousands. And President Reagan and Secretary Shultz have
authority to haul people off at night. And they did so by the
thousands. And President Reagan and Secretary Shultz have
persisted.... Shultz has said, `Yes, we will have to take action on
the basis of information that would never stand up in a court. And
yes, innocent people will have to be killed in the process. But, we
yes, innocent people will have to be killed in the process. But, we
must have this law because of the threat of international terrorism'.</p>
<p> Think a minute. What is `the threat of international terrorism'?
<p> Think a minute. What is `the threat of international terrorism'?
These things catch a lot of attention. But how many Americans died in
terrorist actions last year? According to Secretary Shultz, 79. Now,
obviously that's terrible but we killed 55,000 people on our highways
@ -661,10 +661,10 @@ movie stars one day, or are we going to stand up and fight, and insist
on our freedoms?' It's up to us - you and I can watch this history
play in the next year and 2 and 3 years.</p>
<p> PART II</p>
<p> PART II</p>
<p> CIA COVERT OPERATIONS IN CENTRAL AMERICA, CIA MANIPULATION
OF THE PRESS, CIA EXPERIMENTATION ON THE U.S. PUBLIC</p>
<p> CIA COVERT OPERATIONS IN CENTRAL AMERICA, CIA MANIPULATION
OF THE PRESS, CIA EXPERIMENTATION ON THE U.S. PUBLIC</p>
<p> I just got my latest book back from the CIA censors. If I had not
submitted it to them, I would have gone to jail, without trial - blow
@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ and excited to do things that are not in your interest to do....</p>
<p> Nicaragua is not the biggest covert action, it is the most famous
one. Afghanistan is, we spent several hundred million dollars in
Afghanistan. We've spent somewhat less than that, but close, in
Afghanistan. We've spent somewhat less than that, but close, in
Nicaragua....</p>
<p> [When the U.S. doesn't like a government], they send the CIA in,
@ -714,28 +714,28 @@ collapse altogether and they can engineer a coup d'etat, and have the
thing wind up with their own choice of people in power.</p>
<p> Now ripping apart the economic and social fabric of course is fairly
textbook-ish. What we're talking about is going in and deliberately
textbook-ish. What we're talking about is going in and deliberately
creating conditions where the farmer can't get his produce to market,
where children can't go to school, where women are terrified inside
their homes as well as outside their homes, where government
their homes as well as outside their homes, where government
administration and programs grind to a complete halt, where the
hospitals are treating wounded people instead of sick people, where
international capital is scared away and the country goes bankrupt.
If you ask the state department today what is their official
explanation of the purpose of the Contras, they say it's to attack
economic targets, meaning, break up the economy of the country. Of
economic targets, meaning, break up the economy of the country. Of
course, they're attacking a lot more.</p>
<p> To destabilize Nicaragua beginning in 1981, we began funding this
force of Somoza's ex-national guardsmen, calling them the contras (the
counter-revolutionaries). We created this force, it did not exist
counter-revolutionaries). We created this force, it did not exist
until we allocated money. We've armed them, put uniforms on their
backs, boots on their feet, given them camps in Honduras to live in,
medical supplies, doctors, training, leadership, direction, as we've
sent them in to de-stabilize Nicaragua. Under our direction they have
systematically been blowing up graineries, saw mills, bridges,
systematically been blowing up graineries, saw mills, bridges,
government offices, schools, health centers. They ambush trucks so
the produce can't get to market. They raid farms and villages. The
the produce can't get to market. They raid farms and villages. The
farmer has to carry a gun while he tries to plow, if he can plow at
all.</p>
@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ tank to burn up engines, what you can stuff in a sewage to stop up the
sewage so it won't work, things you can do to make a society simply
cease to function.</p>
<p> Systematically, the contras have been assassinating religious
<p> Systematically, the contras have been assassinating religious
workers, teachers, health workers, elected officials, government
administrators. You remember the assassination manual? that surfaced
in 1984. It caused such a stir that President Reagan had to address
@ -757,11 +757,11 @@ terror. This is a technique that they're using to traumatize the
society so that it can't function.</p>
<p> I don't mean to abuse you with verbal violence, but you have to
understand what your government and its agents are doing. They go
understand what your government and its agents are doing. They go
into villages, they haul out families. With the children forced to
watch they castrate the father, they peel the skin off his face, they
put a grenade in his mouth and pull the pin. With the children forced
to watch they gang-rape the mother, and slash her breasts off. And
to watch they gang-rape the mother, and slash her breasts off. And
sometimes for variety, they make the parents watch while they do these
things to the children.</p>
@ -769,9 +769,9 @@ things to the children.</p>
witnesses for peace who have gone down there and they have filmed and
photographed and witnessed these atrocities immediately after they've
happened, and documented 13,000 people killed this way, mostly women
and children. These are the activities done by these contras. The
and children. These are the activities done by these contras. The
contras are the people president Reagan calls `freedom fighters'. He
says they're the moral equivalent of our founding fathers. And the
says they're the moral equivalent of our founding fathers. And the
whole world gasps at this confession of his family traditions.</p>
<p> Read Contra Terror by Reed Brodie [1], former assistant Attorney
@ -782,15 +782,15 @@ Relations, a slightly to the right of the middle of the road
organization. He writes a book that sets a pox on both your houses,
and then he accounts about going in on patrol with the contras, and
describes their activities. Read Witness for Peace: What We have Seen
and Heard. Read the Lawyer's Commission on Human Rights. Read The
and Heard. Read the Lawyer's Commission on Human Rights. Read The
Violations of War on Both Sides by the Americas Watch. [15] And there
are many, many more documentations of details, of names, of the
incidents that have happened.</p>
<p> Part of a de-stabilization is propaganda, to dis-credit the targeted
government. This one actually began under Jimmy Carter. He
government. This one actually began under Jimmy Carter. He
authorized the CIA to go in and try to make the Sandinistas look to be
evil. So in 1979 [when] they came in to power, immediately we were
evil. So in 1979 [when] they came in to power, immediately we were
trying to cast them as totalitarian, evil, threatening Marxists.
While they abolished the death sentence, while they released 8,000
national guardsmen that they had in their custody that they could have
@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ crimes, we're not going to hold someone in prison just because they
were associated with the former administration.' While they set out
to launch a literacy campaign to teach the people to read and write,
which is something that the dictator Somoza, and us supporting him,
had never bothered to get around to doing. While they set out to
had never bothered to get around to doing. While they set out to
build 2,500 clinics to give the country something resembling a public
health policy, and access to medicines, we began to label them as
totalitarian dictators, and to attack them in the press, and to work
@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ our army - the death they have sustained, the action they have
suffered - it makes it a larger war proportionally than the Vietnam
war was to the U.S. In addition to the contra activities, we've had
U.S. Navy ships supervising the mining of harbors, we've sent planes
in and bombed the capital, we've had U.S. military planes flying
in and bombed the capital, we've had U.S. military planes flying
wing-tip to wing-tip over the country, photographing it, aerial
reconnaissance. They don't have any missiles or jets they can send up
to chase us off. We are at war with them. The have not retaliated
@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ evidence of any arms flowing from Nicaragua into El Salvador.</p>
<p> We launched a campaign to discredit their elections. International
observer teams said these were the fairest elections they have
witnessed in Central America in many years. We said they were
witnessed in Central America in many years. We said they were
fraudulent, they were rigged, because it was a totalitarian system.
Instead we said, the elections that were held in El Salvador were
models of democracy to be copied elsewhere in the world. And then the
@ -860,12 +860,12 @@ Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, several times a week.</p>
the CIA might be involved in drug trafficking, am I? READ THE BOOK.
Read The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia. For 20 years the CIA
was helping the Kuomantang to finance itself and then to get rich,
smuggling heroin. When we took over from the French in 1954 their
smuggling heroin. When we took over from the French in 1954 their
intelligence service had been financing itself by smuggling the heroin
out of Laos. We replaced them - we put Air America, the CIA
out of Laos. We replaced them - we put Air America, the CIA
subsidiary - it would fly in with crates marked humanitarian aid,
which were arms, and it would fly back out with heroin. And the first
target, market, of this heroin was the U.S. GI's in Vietnam. If
target, market, of this heroin was the U.S. GI's in Vietnam. If
anybody in Nicaragua is smuggling drugs, it's the contras. Now i've
been saying that since the state department started waving this red
herring around a couple of years ago, and the other day you notice
@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ and says, `that country club in Nicaragua is training terrorists'. We
blame the Sandinistas for the misery that exists in Nicaragua today,
and there is misery, because the world's richest nation has set out to
create conditions of misery, and obviously we're bound to have some
effect. The misery is not the fault of the Sandinistas, it's the
effect. The misery is not the fault of the Sandinistas, it's the
result of our destabilization program. And despite that, and despite
some grumbling in the country, the Sandinistas in their elections got
a much higher percentage of the vote than President Reagan did, who's
@ -894,14 +894,14 @@ Weinberger began to say that it's inevitable - we claim that the
justification is that the Soviet Union now has invested 500 million
dollars in arms in military to make it its big client state, the
Soviet bastion in this hemisphere. And that's true. They do have a
lot of arms in there now. But the question is, how did they get
lot of arms in there now. But the question is, how did they get
invited in? You have to ask yourself, what's the purpose of this
destabilization program? For this I direct you back to the Newsweek
destabilization program? For this I direct you back to the Newsweek
article in Sept. 1981, where they announce the fact that the CIA was
beginning to put together this force of Somoza's ex-guard. Newsweek
described it as `the only truly evil, totally unacceptable factor in
the Nicaraguan equation'. They noted that neither the white house nor
the CIA pretended it ever could have a chance of winning. So then
the CIA pretended it ever could have a chance of winning. So then
they asked, rhetorically, `what's the point?' and they concluded that
the point is that by attacking the country, you can force the
Sandinistas into a more radical position, from which you have more
@ -917,16 +917,16 @@ will of the American people so far, but they're working harder than
ever to engineer their war there.</p>
<p> Now, CIA destabilizations are nothing new, they didn't begin with
Nicaragua. We've done it before, once or twice. Like the Church
Nicaragua. We've done it before, once or twice. Like the Church
committee, investigating CIA covert action in 1975, found that we had
run several hundred a year, and we'd been in the business of running
covert actions, the CIA has, for 4 decades. You're talking about 10
to 20 thousand covert actions.</p>
<p> CIA apologists leap up and say, `well, most of these things are not
so bloody'. And that's true. You're giving a politician some money
so bloody'. And that's true. You're giving a politician some money
so he'll throw his party in this direction or that one, or make false
speeches on your behalf, or something like that. It may be
speeches on your behalf, or something like that. It may be
non-violent, but it's still illegal intervention in other countries'
affairs, raising the question of whether or not we are going to have a
world in which law, rules of behaviour, are respected, or is it going
@ -952,13 +952,13 @@ important for the Chilean voters to be left to decide for themselves'.</p>
<p> We had covert actions against China, very much like what we're doing
against Nicaragua today, that led us directly into the Korean war,
where we fought China in Korea. We had a long covert action in
where we fought China in Korea. We had a long covert action in
Vietnam, very much like the one that we're running in Nicaragua today,
that tracked us directly into the Vietnam war. Read the book, The
Hidden History of the Korean War by I. F. Stone. [14] Read Deadly
Hidden History of the Korean War by I. F. Stone. [14] Read Deadly
Deceits by Ralph McGehee [9] for the Vietnam story. In Thailand, the
Congo, Laos, Vietnam, Taiwan, and Honduras, the CIA put together large
standing armies. In Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, the Congo,
standing armies. In Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, the Congo,
Iran, Nicaragua, and Sri Lanka, the CIA armed and encouraged ethnic
minorities to rise up and fight. The first thing we began doing in
Nicaragua, 1981 was to fund an element of the Mesquite indians, to
@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ squads.</p>
<p> In El Salvador specifically, under the `Alliance for Progress' in
the early 1960's, the CIA helped put together the treasury police.
These are the people that haul people out at night today, and run
trucks over their heads. These are the people that the Catholic
trucks over their heads. These are the people that the Catholic
church tells us, have killed something over 50,000 civilians in the
last 5 years. And we have testimony before our Congress that as late
as 1982, leaders of the treasury police were still on the CIA payroll.</p>
@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ to wrap up subversive networks by capturing someone and interrogating
them, torturing them, and then getting names and arresting the others
and going from there. Now, this was such a brutal and such a bloody
operation, that Amnesty International began to complain and publish
reports. Then there were United Nations hearings. Then eventually
reports. Then there were United Nations hearings. Then eventually
our Congress was forced to yield to international pressure and
investigate it, and they found the horror that was being done, and by
law they forced it to stop. You can read these reports -- the Amnesty
@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ people...</p>
at night and castrate the father with the children watching, because
they have the Bomb, and a big army, and they would parachute teams
right back into our country and do the same thing to us - they're not
scared of us. For slightly different reasons, but also obvious
scared of us. For slightly different reasons, but also obvious
reasons, we don't do these things in England, or France, or Germany,
or Sweden, or Italy, or Japan. What comes out at you immediately is
that these 1 to 3 million direct victims, the dead, and in these other
@ -1014,21 +1014,21 @@ aggression. They're people of the Metumba mountains of the Congo, and
the jungles of Southeast Asia, and now the hills of northern Nicaragua
- 12,000 peasants. We have not killed KGB or Russian army advisors in
Nicaragua. We are not killing Cuban advisors. We're not killing very
many Sandinistas. The 12,000 that we have killed in Nicaragua are
many Sandinistas. The 12,000 that we have killed in Nicaragua are
peasants, who have the misfortune of living in a CIA's chosen
battlefield. Mostly women and children. Communists? Far, far, far
battlefield. Mostly women and children. Communists? Far, far, far
more Catholics than anything else.</p>
<p> Now case officers that do these things in places in Nicaragua, they
do not come back to the U.S. and click their heels and suddenly become
responsible citizens. They see themselves - they have been
responsible citizens. They see themselves - they have been
functioning above the laws, of God, and the laws of man - they've come
back to this country, and they've continued their operations as far as
they can get by with them. And we have abundant documentation of that
as well. The MH-Chaos program, exposed in the late 60's and shut
down, re-activated by President Reagan to a degree - we don't have the
details yet - in which they were spending a billion dollars to
manipulate U.S. student, and labor organizations. The MK-ultra
manipulate U.S. student, and labor organizations. The MK-ultra
program. For 20 years, working through over 200 medical schools and
mental hospitals, including Harvard medical school, Georgetown, some
of the biggest places we've got, to experiment on American citizens
@ -1053,24 +1053,24 @@ a virus. We experimented in Haiti on the people with viruses.</p>
<p> I'm not saying, I do not have the slightest shred of evidence, that
there is any truth or indication to the rumor that the CIA and its
experimentations were responsible for AIDS. But we do have it
experimentations were responsible for AIDS. But we do have it
documented that the CIA has been experimenting on people, with
viruses. And now we have some deadly, killer viruses running around
in society. And it has to make you wonder, and it has to make you
in society. And it has to make you wonder, and it has to make you
worry.</p>
<p> Colonel White wrote from retirement - he was the man who was in
charge of this macabre program - he wrote, `I toiled whole-heartedly
in the vineyards because it was fun, fun fun. Where else could a
in the vineyards because it was fun, fun fun. Where else could a
red-blooded American boy lie, kill, cheat, steal, rape and pillage
with the blessings of the all highest?' Now that program, the
with the blessings of the all highest?' Now that program, the
MK-ultra program, was eventually exposed by the press in 1972,
investigated by the Congress, and shut down by the Congress. You can
dig up the Congressional record and read it for yourself.</p>
<p> There's one book called `In Search of the Manchurian Candidate'.
It's written by John Marks, based on 14,000 documents gotten out of
the government under the Freedom of Information Act. Read for
the government under the Freedom of Information Act. Read for
yourselves. The thing was shut down but not one CIA case officer who
was involved was in any way punished. Not one case officer involved
in these experimentations on the American public, lost a single
@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ paycheck for what they had done.</p>
<p> The Church committee found that the CIA had co-opted several hundred
journalists, including some of the biggest names in the business, to
pump its propaganda stories into our media, to teach us to hate Fidel
Castro, and Ho Chi Minh, and the Chinese, and whomever. The latest
Castro, and Ho Chi Minh, and the Chinese, and whomever. The latest
flap or scandal we had about that was a year and a half ago. Lesley
Gelp, the heavyweight with the New York Times, was exposed for having
been working covertly with the CIA in 1978 to recruit journalists in
@ -1089,24 +1089,24 @@ sympathy for the neutron bomb.</p>
<p> The Church committee found that they had published over 1,000 books,
paying someone to write a book, the CIA puts its propaganda lines in
it, the professor or the scholar gets credit for the book and gets the
royalties. The latest flap we had about that was last year. A
royalties. The latest flap we had about that was last year. A
professor at Harvard was exposed for accepting 105,000 dollars from
the CIA to write a book about the Middle East. Several thousand
the CIA to write a book about the Middle East. Several thousand
professors and graduate students co-opted by the CIA to run its
operations on campuses and build files on students.</p>
<p> And then we have evidence - now, which has been hard to collect in
the past but we knew it was happening - of CIA agents participating,
trying to manipulate, our elections. FDN, Contra commanders,
trying to manipulate, our elections. FDN, Contra commanders,
traveling this country on CIA plane tickets, going on television and
pin-pointing a Congressional and saying, `That man is soft on
Communism. That man is a Sandinista lover.' A CIA agent going on
Communism. That man is a Sandinista lover.' A CIA agent going on
television, trying to manipulate our elections.</p>
<p> All of this, to keep America safe for freedom and democracy.</p>
<p> In Nicaragua the objective is to stop the Cuban and Soviet
take-over, we say. Another big operation in which we said the same
take-over, we say. Another big operation in which we said the same
thing was Angola, 1975, my little war. We were saying exactly the
same thing - Cubans and Soviets.</p>
@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ same thing - Cubans and Soviets.</p>
because I wrote a book about it, I detailed it. And you can get a
copy of that book and read it for yourselves. I have to urge you,
however - please do not rush out and buy a copy of that book because
the CIA sued me. All of my profits go to the CIA, so if you buy a
the CIA sued me. All of my profits go to the CIA, so if you buy a
copy of the book you'll be donating 65 cents to the CIA. So check it
out from your library!</p>
@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ your friends. If your bookstore is doing real well and you want to
just sort of put a copy down in your belt...</p>
<p> I don't know what the solution is when a society gets into
censorship, government censorship, but that's what we're in now. Do
censorship, government censorship, but that's what we're in now. Do
the rules change? I just got my book back, my latest book back from
the CIA censors. If I had not submitted it to them, I would have gone
to jail, without trial - blow off juries and all that sort of thing -
@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ Reagan has a fixation on Nicaragua. He came into office saying that
we shouldn't be afraid of war, saying we have to face and erase the
scars of the Vietnam war. He said in 1983, `We will do whatever is
necessary to reverse the situation in Nicaragua', meaning get rid of
the Sandinistas. Admiral LaRoque, at the Center for Defense
the Sandinistas. Admiral LaRoque, at the Center for Defense
Information in Washington, says this is the most elaborately prepared
invasion that the U.S. has ever done. At least that he's witnessed in
his 40 years of association with our military.</p>
@ -1144,41 +1144,41 @@ his 40 years of association with our military.</p>
<p> We have rehearsed the invasion of Nicaragua in operations Big Pine
I, Big Pine II, Ocean Venture, Grenada, Big Pine III. We have troops
right now in Honduras preparing. We've built 12 bases, including 8
airstrips. Obviously we don't need 8 airstrips in Honduras for any
purpose, except to support the invasion of Nicaragua. We've built
airstrips. Obviously we don't need 8 airstrips in Honduras for any
purpose, except to support the invasion of Nicaragua. We've built
radar stations around, to survey and watch. Some of these ventures
have been huge ones. Hundreds of airplanes, 30,000 troops, rehearsing
the invasion of Nicaragua.</p>
<p> And of course, Americans are being given this negative view of these
evil Communist dictators in Managua, just two days drive from
Harlington, Texas. (They drive faster than I do by the way). I saw
Harlington, Texas. (They drive faster than I do by the way). I saw
an ad on TV just two days ago in which they said that it was just two
hours from Managua to Texas. All of this getting us ready for the
invasion of Nicaragua, for our next war.</p>
<p> Most of the people - 75% of the people - are polled as being against
this action. However, President Eisenhower said, `The people of the
this action. However, President Eisenhower said, `The people of the
world genuinely want peace. Someday the leadership of the world are
going to have to give in and give it to them'. But to date, the
leaders never have, they've always been able to outwit the people, us,
and get us into the wars when they've chosen to do so.</p>
<p> People ask, how is this possible? I get this all the time....
Americans are decent people. They are nice people. And they're
<p> People ask, how is this possible? I get this all the time....
Americans are decent people. They are nice people. And they're
insulated in the worlds that they live in, and they don't understand
and we don't read our history. History is the history of war. Of
and we don't read our history. History is the history of war. Of
leaders of countries finding reasons and rationales to send the young
men off to fight.</p>
<p> In our country we talk about peace. But look at our own record. We
have over 200 incidents in which we put our troops into other
countries to force them to our will. Now we're being prepared to hate
the Sandinistas. The leaders are doing exactly what they have done
the Sandinistas. The leaders are doing exactly what they have done
time and again throughout history. In the past we were taught to hate
and fight the Seminole Indians, after the leaders decided to annex
Florida. To hate and fight the Cherokee Indians after they found gold
in Georgia. To hate and fight Mexico twice. We annexed Texas, New
in Georgia. To hate and fight Mexico twice. We annexed Texas, New
Mexico, Arizona, part of Colorado, and California.</p>
<p> In each of these wars the leaders have worked to organize, to
@ -1220,22 +1220,22 @@ blood was catsup, and you could wash it off and go out to dinner
afterwards....</p>
<p> Where was Gordon Liddy when he was young enough to go and fight in a
war? He was hiding out in the U.S. running sloppy, illegal,
war? He was hiding out in the U.S. running sloppy, illegal,
un-professional breaking and entering operations. Now you'll forgive
my egotism, at that time I was running professional breaking and
entering operations....</p>
<p> What about Rambo himself? Sylvester Stallone. Where was Sylvester
Stallone during the Vietnam war? He got a draft deferment for a
Stallone during the Vietnam war? He got a draft deferment for a
physical disability, and taught physical education in a girls' school
in Switzerland during the war.</p>
<p> Getting back to President Reagan. He really did say that `you can
always call cruise missiles back'.... Now, you can call back a B-52,
and you can call back a submarine, but a cruise missile is
and you can call back a submarine, but a cruise missile is
different.... When it lands, it goes boom!. And I would prefer that
the man with the finger on the button could understand the difference.
This is the man that calls the MX a peace-maker. This is the man
This is the man that calls the MX a peace-maker. This is the man
who's gone on television and told us that nuclear war could be
winnable. This is the man who's gone on television and proposed that
we might want to drop demonstration [atom] bombs in Europe to show
@ -1252,13 +1252,13 @@ Reagan's Contras that are doing it'....</p>
<p> [When Reagan was governor of California, Reagan] said `If there has
to be a bloodbath then let's get it over with'. Now you have to think
about this a minute. A leader of the U.S. seriously proposing a
about this a minute. A leader of the U.S. seriously proposing a
bloodbath of our own youth. There was an outcry of the press, so 3
days later he said it again to make sure no one had misunderstood him.</p>
<p> Read. You have to read to inform yourselves. Read The Book of
<p> Read. You have to read to inform yourselves. Read The Book of
Quotes [12]. Read On Reagan: The Man and the Presidency [3] by Ronnie
Dugger. It gets heavy. Dugger concludes in his last chapter that
Dugger. It gets heavy. Dugger concludes in his last chapter that
President Reagan has a fixation on Armageddon. The Village Voice 18
months ago published an article citing the 11 times that President
Reagan publicly has talked about the fact that we are all living out
@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@ Armageddon today....</p>
<p> [Reagan] has Jerry Falwell into the White House. This is the man
that preaches that we should get on our knees and beg for God to send
the rapture down. Hell's fires on earth so the chosen can go up on
the rapture down. Hell's fires on earth so the chosen can go up on
high and all the other people can burn in hell's fires on earth.
President Reagan sees himself as playing the role of the greatest
leader of all times forever. Leading us into Armageddon. As he goes
@ -1274,14 +1274,14 @@ out at the end of his long life, we'll all go out with him....</p>
<p> Why does the CIA run 10,000 brutal covert actions? Why are we
destabilizing a third of the countries in the world today when there's
so much instability and misery already? Why are our leaders now
so much instability and misery already? Why are our leaders now
taking us into another war? Why are we systematically taught to hate
and fight other people?</p>
<p> What you have to understand is the politics of paranoia. The
easiest... buttons to punch are the buttons of macho, aggression,
paranoia, hate, anger, and fear. The Communists are in Managua and
that's just 2 hours from San Diego, CA. This gets people excited,
that's just 2 hours from San Diego, CA. This gets people excited,
they don't think. It's the pep-rally, the football pep-rally factor.
When you get people worked up to hate, they'll let you spend huge
amounts of money on arms.</p>
@ -1296,9 +1296,9 @@ Nicaragua....</p>
<p> Why arms instead of schools? .... They can make gigantic profits off
the nuclear arms race because of the hysteria, and the paranoia, and
the secrecy. And that's why they're committed to building more and
the secrecy. And that's why they're committed to building more and
more and more weapons, is because they're committed to making a
profit. And that's what the propaganda, and that's what the hysteria
profit. And that's what the propaganda, and that's what the hysteria
is all about. Now people say, `What can I do?'....</p>
<p> The youth did rise up and stop the Vietnam war....</p>
@ -1315,75 +1315,75 @@ say, very effectively, `Tell people to get out and get to work on the
problem.... You'll feel better'....</p>
<p> 'What can I do?'.... If you can travel, go to Nicaragua and see for
yourself. Go to the Nevada test site and see for yourself. Go to
yourself. Go to the Nevada test site and see for yourself. Go to
Pantex on Hiroshima day this summer, and see the vigil there. The
place where we make 10 nose-cones a day, 70 a week, year in and year
out. He [Admiral LaRock] said, `I'd tell them, if they feel
out. He [Admiral LaRock] said, `I'd tell them, if they feel
comfortable lying down in front of trucks with bombs on them, to lie
down in front of trucks with bombs on them.' But he said, `I'd tell
them that they can't wait. They've got to start tomorrow, today, and
do it, what they can, every day of their lives'.</p>
<p>[1] Reed Brody.
Contra Terror.
??, .</p>
<p>[1] Reed Brody.
Contra Terror.
??, .</p>
<p>[2] Christopher Dickey.
With the Contras.
??, .</p>
<p>[2] Christopher Dickey.
With the Contras.
??, .</p>
<p>[3] Dugger, Ronnie.
On Reagan: The Man and the Presidency.
McGraw-Hill, 1983.</p>
<p>[3] Dugger, Ronnie.
On Reagan: The Man and the Presidency.
McGraw-Hill, 1983.</p>
<p>[4] Eich, Dieter.
The Contras: Interviews with Anti-Sandinistas.
Synthesis, 1985.</p>
<p>[4] Eich, Dieter.
The Contras: Interviews with Anti-Sandinistas.
Synthesis, 1985.</p>
<p>[5] Kinzer, Stephan and Stephen Schlesinger.
Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in
Guatemala.
Doubleday, 1983.</p>
<p>[5] Kinzer, Stephan and Stephen Schlesinger.
Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in
Guatemala.
Doubleday, 1983.</p>
<p>[6] Godswood, Roy (editor).
Covert Actions: 35 Years of Deception.
Transaction, 1980.</p>
<p>[6] Godswood, Roy (editor).
Covert Actions: 35 Years of Deception.
Transaction, 1980.</p>
<p>[7] Kwitny, Jonathon.
Endless Enemies: America's Worldwide War Against It's Own Best
Interests.
Congdon and Weed, 1984.</p>
<p>[7] Kwitny, Jonathon.
Endless Enemies: America's Worldwide War Against It's Own Best
Interests.
Congdon and Weed, 1984.</p>
<p>[8] LaFeber, Walter.
Inevitable Revolutions; The United States in Central America.
Norton, 1984.</p>
<p>[8] LaFeber, Walter.
Inevitable Revolutions; The United States in Central America.
Norton, 1984.</p>
<p>[9] McGehee, Ralph.
Deadly Deceits: My Twenty-Five Years in the CIA.
Sheridan Square, 1983.</p>
<p>[9] McGehee, Ralph.
Deadly Deceits: My Twenty-Five Years in the CIA.
Sheridan Square, 1983.</p>
<p>[10] Melman, Seymour.
The Permanent War Complex.
Simon and Shuster, 1974.</p>
The Permanent War Complex.
Simon and Shuster, 1974.</p>
<p>[11] Mills, C. Wright.
The Power Elite.
Oxford, 1956.</p>
The Power Elite.
Oxford, 1956.</p>
<p>[12] ??
The Book of Quotes.
McGraw-Hill, 1979.</p>
The Book of Quotes.
McGraw-Hill, 1979.</p>
<p>[13] Stockwell, John.
In Search of Enemies.
Norton, 1978.</p>
In Search of Enemies.
Norton, 1978.</p>
<p>[14] Stone, I.F.
Hidden History of the Korean War.
Monthly Review, 1969.</p>
Hidden History of the Korean War.
Monthly Review, 1969.</p>
<p>[15] The Americas Watch.
The Violations of War on Both Sides.
??, .</p>
The Violations of War on Both Sides.
??, .</p>
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<xml><p> TRANSCRIPT OF AN INTERVIEW WITH MR. BRIAN MEE</p>
<xml><p> TRANSCRIPT OF AN INTERVIEW WITH MR. BRIAN MEE</p>
<p> CONCERNING THE FAMOUS BACKYARD RIFLE PHOTOGRAPHS</p>
<p> CONCERNING THE FAMOUS BACKYARD RIFLE PHOTOGRAPHS</p>
<p>------------
Introduction
@ -863,12 +863,12 @@ twig. . . .</p>
<p>MTG. Okay. Let's go over that again. I'm going to read
the explanation given by the photographic panel:</p>
<p> What could be perceived as an indentation in the
post in CE 133-B is believed by the undersigned to
be an illusion resulting from the location of a
shadow of a branch or a leaf along the edge of the
post.
<p> What could be perceived as an indentation in the
post in CE 133-B is believed by the undersigned to
be an illusion resulting from the location of a
shadow of a branch or a leaf along the edge of the
post.
Okay, and you said you have a problem with that.</p>
<p>MR. MEE. Well, the problem I have with that, keeping in mind
@ -927,13 +927,13 @@ indentation in the post.</p>
<p>MTG. Let me read it here. He was referring to a computer
printout that was produced by digital image processing.</p>
<p> Our inspection of this leads us to believe that
the apparent indentation is simply a shadow,
because if you look very carefully, you can see
the post running through that area, and this is
just a slight darkening. So that was merely a
shadow.
<p> Our inspection of this leads us to believe that
the apparent indentation is simply a shadow,
because if you look very carefully, you can see
the post running through that area, and this is
just a slight darkening. So that was merely a
shadow.
MR. MEE. No, I don't think that's consistent with the direction
of the sun in the pictures. It's not consistent with the way the
bulge looks.</p>
@ -1112,20 +1112,20 @@ ahead and read exactly what he said about the line.</p>
<p>MTG. Let's see. . . . Here it is. This was McCamy.</p>
<p> Now that fine line is actually too fine to be a
photographic image. The photographic image is
made up of silver grains, and these grains are
distributed all through here, so we have a good
idea of their size and distribution. This line is
a line that is much finer than the silver grains
themselves. It is much too continuous to be a
photographic line. A line that had been
photographed from some kind of montage would have
had the grain pattern of a discontinuous line, but
this line is quite continuous. Indeed, we can
follow this line down up to here and then back
around to here. It is a closed loop.
<p> Now that fine line is actually too fine to be a
photographic image. The photographic image is
made up of silver grains, and these grains are
distributed all through here, so we have a good
idea of their size and distribution. This line is
a line that is much finer than the silver grains
themselves. It is much too continuous to be a
photographic line. A line that had been
photographed from some kind of montage would have
had the grain pattern of a discontinuous line, but
this line is quite continuous. Indeed, we can
follow this line down up to here and then back
around to here. It is a closed loop.
MR. MEE. Now, when you talk about what has been photographed--
what you see in the picture--that has no bearing on the grains in
the negative emulsion. The grains are more a characteristic of
@ -1177,10 +1177,10 @@ just read that part, okay?</p>
<p>MTG. [Reading from the extract]</p>
<p> We examined the negative with a phase contrast
microscope, which would detect very, very small
changes in thickness in the negative.
<p> We examined the negative with a phase contrast
microscope, which would detect very, very small
changes in thickness in the negative.
He didn't come right out and say it, but I assume he was saying
that they checked the negative with that high-powered microscope
and didn't find any changes in thickness in the chin area in the
@ -1204,11 +1204,11 @@ extract the word "not" is missing, but it's obvious that that's
what he was saying. As you read on, it's obvious that that's
what he was saying. [Resumes reading]</p>
<p> We did not see water spots on 133-B, but we do see
that this same spot occurs on both of these first-
generation prints of the A negative, so we know
that the spot must have been on the negative.
<p> We did not see water spots on 133-B, but we do see
that this same spot occurs on both of these first-
generation prints of the A negative, so we know
that the spot must have been on the negative.
Any comments on that?</p>
<p>MR. MEE. Well, to me, what he's saying is inconsistent. He's
@ -1232,11 +1232,11 @@ from Groden and Livingstone's book HIGH TREASON.</p>
report. Let's see. . . . Here it is. [Reads from page
201 of HIGH TREASON]</p>
<p> Under very carefully adjusted display conditions,
the scanned image of the Oswald backyard negative
did exhibit irregular, very fine lines in the chin
area.
<p> Under very carefully adjusted display conditions,
the scanned image of the Oswald backyard negative
did exhibit irregular, very fine lines in the chin
area.
The panel went on to say that the lines were probably caused
by "very faint water stains." Comments?</p>
@ -1282,15 +1282,15 @@ time.</p>
I'd like to read this to you. This is about the grain pattern
again.</p>
<p> One of the things that we wanted to do was to
study the nature of the silver grain in the areas
above the chin and below the chin, because of the
allegation that there were two different
photographs in some way. And so we did
that. . . . And as photographic scientists, we
found nothing remarkable about the grain pattern.
This was the same type of grain pattern.
<p> One of the things that we wanted to do was to
study the nature of the silver grain in the areas
above the chin and below the chin, because of the
allegation that there were two different
photographs in some way. And so we did
that. . . . And as photographic scientists, we
found nothing remarkable about the grain pattern.
This was the same type of grain pattern.
MR. MEE. But, again, if the forger matched up the film, there
wouldn't be any noticeable difference in the grain. It [digital
image processing] would be inconclusive. Now, I'm not saying
@ -1326,79 +1326,79 @@ shadow problems in the pictures--the neck, the nose and the eyes,
the body shadows--with vanishing point analysis. Let me read
this so we have some context here:</p>
<p> Mr. GOLDSMITH. Mr. McCamy, how did the panel
address the question of the shadows in the
backyard pictures?
Mr. MCCAMY. This was addressed by a vanishing
point analysis.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. What do you mean by "vanishing
point analysis"?
Mr. MCCAMY. The sun is very distant, so far away
that we can consider it to be at infinity, and as
a result, if we draw a line from an object to the
shadow of the object, and we do this in a number
of places in a scene, all of those lines are
parallel lines.
Now you may recall, if you have ever seen a
photograph of railroad tracks disappearing into
the distance, the photograph shows those two rails
converging at a point. That is called the
vanishing point. The rails are parallel but in
the photograph they converge. This is taught in
art courses in high school and in mechanical
drawing, so the converging of parallel lines is a
well-known matter of perspective. In a photograph
one should expect that these parallel shadow lines
should converge at the vanishing point. . . .
Mr. MCCAMY. Yes. Here we have 133-A and 133-B. A
line is drawn from a part of this stairway, past
the shadow of the stairway, down to here. A line
is drawn from the butt of the pistol, through the
shadow of the butt of the pistol, down to here,
from the arm to the shadow of the arm, down to
here. And when we do this for all the points in
the photograph, we find that they all meet at a
point, as they should.
Now this is the line that passes through the nose
and the chin down to here, and that one is the
nose to the shadow of the nose. That is the one
thing that has been disputed so frequently, and
if you do the analysis properly, you see that the
shadow lies right where it is supposed to lie.
The same thing is true over here. Here we have the
muzzle of the rifle, the shadow of the muzzle of
the rifle, and so on down the line.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. Mr. McCamy, if the lines were not
parallel, would they all meet at one point as they
do in these two exhibits?
Mr. MCCAMY. No.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. If the lines in these two exhibits
had not met at one point, what conclusion or
inference might you have drawn?
Mr. MCCAMY. We might have drawn the conclusion
that something had been drawn in rather than
traced in by the hand of nature.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. Did you do a similar vanishing
point analysis for 133-C?
Mr. MCCAMY. Yes.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. And what were the results?
Mr. MCCAMY. The results were the same.
<p> Mr. GOLDSMITH. Mr. McCamy, how did the panel
address the question of the shadows in the
backyard pictures?
Mr. MCCAMY. This was addressed by a vanishing
point analysis.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. What do you mean by "vanishing
point analysis"?
Mr. MCCAMY. The sun is very distant, so far away
that we can consider it to be at infinity, and as
a result, if we draw a line from an object to the
shadow of the object, and we do this in a number
of places in a scene, all of those lines are
parallel lines.
Now you may recall, if you have ever seen a
photograph of railroad tracks disappearing into
the distance, the photograph shows those two rails
converging at a point. That is called the
vanishing point. The rails are parallel but in
the photograph they converge. This is taught in
art courses in high school and in mechanical
drawing, so the converging of parallel lines is a
well-known matter of perspective. In a photograph
one should expect that these parallel shadow lines
should converge at the vanishing point. . . .
Mr. MCCAMY. Yes. Here we have 133-A and 133-B. A
line is drawn from a part of this stairway, past
the shadow of the stairway, down to here. A line
is drawn from the butt of the pistol, through the
shadow of the butt of the pistol, down to here,
from the arm to the shadow of the arm, down to
here. And when we do this for all the points in
the photograph, we find that they all meet at a
point, as they should.
Now this is the line that passes through the nose
and the chin down to here, and that one is the
nose to the shadow of the nose. That is the one
thing that has been disputed so frequently, and
if you do the analysis properly, you see that the
shadow lies right where it is supposed to lie.
The same thing is true over here. Here we have the
muzzle of the rifle, the shadow of the muzzle of
the rifle, and so on down the line.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. Mr. McCamy, if the lines were not
parallel, would they all meet at one point as they
do in these two exhibits?
Mr. MCCAMY. No.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. If the lines in these two exhibits
had not met at one point, what conclusion or
inference might you have drawn?
Mr. MCCAMY. We might have drawn the conclusion
that something had been drawn in rather than
traced in by the hand of nature.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. Did you do a similar vanishing
point analysis for 133-C?
Mr. MCCAMY. Yes.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. And what were the results?
Mr. MCCAMY. The results were the same.
Now, when you read on, however, it gets a little more
interesting. McCamy was asked about the sharp angles of the
lines in his analysis. I'll find it here. It jumped out at me
@ -1407,58 +1407,58 @@ seconds] Okay. Here it is. Let me read this. He [McCamy]
was being questioned by Congressman Fithian, who was the only
guy to ask any challenging questions. He [Fithian] said,</p>
<p> This morning I was listening carefully when you
described the vanishing point concept, which I
find fascinating. But I wonder why did the
vanishing point lines converge in such a very,
very short distance on your chart.
Now, I look at a railroad, even an artist's
conception of a railroad track, or a road where it
sort of narrows off. It gives me the impression
that we are talking about, you know, great
distances.
Yet, there are some very, very sharp angles that
those lines from the bush and the nose and the
rest of it come in, all within 2 feet on your
chart. Could you explain that optical problem
that I am having?
<p> This morning I was listening carefully when you
described the vanishing point concept, which I
find fascinating. But I wonder why did the
vanishing point lines converge in such a very,
very short distance on your chart.
Now, I look at a railroad, even an artist's
conception of a railroad track, or a road where it
sort of narrows off. It gives me the impression
that we are talking about, you know, great
distances.
Yet, there are some very, very sharp angles that
those lines from the bush and the nose and the
rest of it come in, all within 2 feet on your
chart. Could you explain that optical problem
that I am having?
And here's McCamy's answer:</p>
<p> Yes. The vanishing point may be at infinity; that
is, if we have parallel vertical lines and the
axis of the camera is horizontal. Then we do get
parallel lines, and of course that says that the
vanishing point is at infinity.
Now, a very slight tilt of the camera will cause a
convergence, but it would be a very slight
convergence. It starts at infinity and it begins
to move inward.
Now, on the photographs that we saw here, the
vanishing point of the shadows was substantially
below the photographs. If photographs had been
made later and later in that day, I have estimated
that these pictures were taken about 4 to 4:30 in
the afternoon--if pictures were made later, the
vanishing point would have continued to move up
until finally it would be within the picture area;
that is, as the Sun had moved behind the
photographer.
In the instance that you cite of the railroad
track disappearing into the distance, the
vanishing point is in the picture, and you
are seeing the vanishing point.
I think that is as far as I can go in describing
that phenomenon. The vanishing point can be
anywhere from at infinity to right in the picture
itself.
<p> Yes. The vanishing point may be at infinity; that
is, if we have parallel vertical lines and the
axis of the camera is horizontal. Then we do get
parallel lines, and of course that says that the
vanishing point is at infinity.
Now, a very slight tilt of the camera will cause a
convergence, but it would be a very slight
convergence. It starts at infinity and it begins
to move inward.
Now, on the photographs that we saw here, the
vanishing point of the shadows was substantially
below the photographs. If photographs had been
made later and later in that day, I have estimated
that these pictures were taken about 4 to 4:30 in
the afternoon--if pictures were made later, the
vanishing point would have continued to move up
until finally it would be within the picture area;
that is, as the Sun had moved behind the
photographer.
In the instance that you cite of the railroad
track disappearing into the distance, the
vanishing point is in the picture, and you
are seeing the vanishing point.
I think that is as far as I can go in describing
that phenomenon. The vanishing point can be
anywhere from at infinity to right in the picture
itself.
Now, I didn't quite understand exactly how McCamy explained the
fact that the angles in his chart were so sharp and converged
in such a short distance.</p>
@ -1506,58 +1506,58 @@ the chin.</p>
a problem with this, too. Here's part of the exchange he had
with McCamy:</p>
<p> Mr. FITHIAN. Here is a thing that I had the
greatest difficulty with in terms of my own
viewing of the photographs, is the squareness of
the chin.
I wonder, Mr. Chairman, if we could ask that that
multiple photograph, that chart with half a dozen
Oswalds on it, plus the two, could be put back up.
While we are doing this, let me preface my
question by saying that sitting here and looking
at your exhibit, I did not visually at least
identify any other chin that was even
approximately as square as the one in the backyard
photograph--from all of the pictures that you put
up.
I could not see that. I hate to return to what you
have already done. But it still puzzles me and
troubles me. That seems to be one of the
strongest points of the critics, is the misshape
of the chin. I want to make sure I understood
your testimony.
It was your testimony that it was the light and
shadow combination of an overhead Sun or whatever?
Mr. MCCAMY. Yes.
Mr. FITHIAN. Do I understand you correctly?
Mr. MCCAMY. Yes.
<p> Mr. FITHIAN. Here is a thing that I had the
greatest difficulty with in terms of my own
viewing of the photographs, is the squareness of
the chin.
I wonder, Mr. Chairman, if we could ask that that
multiple photograph, that chart with half a dozen
Oswalds on it, plus the two, could be put back up.
While we are doing this, let me preface my
question by saying that sitting here and looking
at your exhibit, I did not visually at least
identify any other chin that was even
approximately as square as the one in the backyard
photograph--from all of the pictures that you put
up.
I could not see that. I hate to return to what you
have already done. But it still puzzles me and
troubles me. That seems to be one of the
strongest points of the critics, is the misshape
of the chin. I want to make sure I understood
your testimony.
It was your testimony that it was the light and
shadow combination of an overhead Sun or whatever?
Mr. MCCAMY. Yes.
Mr. FITHIAN. Do I understand you correctly?
Mr. MCCAMY. Yes.
Then they went on for a bit, and then Fithian continued:</p>
<p> Mr. FITHIAN. In the photo, in the two large
blowups, the right-hand photo, is it your
testimony, then, that the point of the chin, which
obviously doesn't disappear--and I find it
difficult to believe that just by changing your
teeth or your mouth position it really makes that
much difference--is it then that the point of the
chin disappears in the shadow of the chin in
layman's terms?
Is that what you are saying happens in that
photograph?
Mr. MCCAMY. Yes, the lower part of the chin is not
illuminated, so you don't see it. It just
disappears in the shadow.
<p> Mr. FITHIAN. In the photo, in the two large
blowups, the right-hand photo, is it your
testimony, then, that the point of the chin, which
obviously doesn't disappear--and I find it
difficult to believe that just by changing your
teeth or your mouth position it really makes that
much difference--is it then that the point of the
chin disappears in the shadow of the chin in
layman's terms?
Is that what you are saying happens in that
photograph?
Mr. MCCAMY. Yes, the lower part of the chin is not
illuminated, so you don't see it. It just
disappears in the shadow.
MTG. Do you accept that?</p>
<p>MR. MEE. Well, such a thing is possible, but not in this
@ -1633,43 +1633,43 @@ they're talking about here.</p>
analyzed these photos, they were able to view them
stereoscopically. Let me just read some of what McCamy said:</p>
<p> We were able to view these photographs
stereoscopically, so we know that there was slight
camera movement. We know that there were two
pictures. But it has much more far reaching
consequence than that.
It tells us that there was a solid three
dimensional field that was photographed two times.
If one were to have photographed the background
once, and then taken a camera and photographed
that print and then rephotographed the print from
two angles, when that is viewed stereoscopically,
the human eye would tell you that you were looking
at a plane print. That isn't what we saw. We saw
depth, and we can still see depth.
Now if one were going to do art work on actual
stereo pairs, that art work has to be done
exceedingly meticulously, because the slightest
difference in the art work on one photograph and
the art work on the other photograph would cause
the points involved to appear to be too far away
or too close. They would tend to float in space.
So stereo viewing is an excellent way of checking
up on the authenticity of the photograph.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. Is any special viewer necessary to
enable someone to see in stereo?
Mr. MCCAMY. It is not necessary but it makes it
more convenient for most people.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. How many panel members examined
these photographs in stereo?
Mr. MCCAMY. At least, oh, a half dozen.
<p> We were able to view these photographs
stereoscopically, so we know that there was slight
camera movement. We know that there were two
pictures. But it has much more far reaching
consequence than that.
It tells us that there was a solid three
dimensional field that was photographed two times.
If one were to have photographed the background
once, and then taken a camera and photographed
that print and then rephotographed the print from
two angles, when that is viewed stereoscopically,
the human eye would tell you that you were looking
at a plane print. That isn't what we saw. We saw
depth, and we can still see depth.
Now if one were going to do art work on actual
stereo pairs, that art work has to be done
exceedingly meticulously, because the slightest
difference in the art work on one photograph and
the art work on the other photograph would cause
the points involved to appear to be too far away
or too close. They would tend to float in space.
So stereo viewing is an excellent way of checking
up on the authenticity of the photograph.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. Is any special viewer necessary to
enable someone to see in stereo?
Mr. MCCAMY. It is not necessary but it makes it
more convenient for most people.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. How many panel members examined
these photographs in stereo?
Mr. MCCAMY. At least, oh, a half dozen.
MTG. Any thoughts about that?</p>
<p>MR. MEE. If you have slight movement during the enlarging
@ -1713,26 +1713,26 @@ the IR camera. Now, Jack White, when he testified back then,
said. . . . Well, let me read what he said. [Reads from page
205 of HIGH TREASON]</p>
<p> The DeMohrenschildt picture shows a much larger
amount of background around the edges than any of
the photographs, 133-A, B, or C. To me, this
indicates that the DeMohrenschildt picture is
printed full negative. In fact, we can verify
this because it is printed with a black border
around the edge, the black border being the clear
area around the edge of the negative.
According to the FBI, the picture, CE-133-B, was
identified as being taken with Oswald's camera
because it could be matched to the film plane
aperture. Yet, if the DeMohrenschildt picture
shows a larger background area and it is taken
from the same camera viewpoint, then 133-A, B, and
C have been cropped and, therefore, if there is
more background area in the picture, then it [the
DeMohrenschildt photo] could not possibly be
matched to the film plane aperture.
<p> The DeMohrenschildt picture shows a much larger
amount of background around the edges than any of
the photographs, 133-A, B, or C. To me, this
indicates that the DeMohrenschildt picture is
printed full negative. In fact, we can verify
this because it is printed with a black border
around the edge, the black border being the clear
area around the edge of the negative.
According to the FBI, the picture, CE-133-B, was
identified as being taken with Oswald's camera
because it could be matched to the film plane
aperture. Yet, if the DeMohrenschildt picture
shows a larger background area and it is taken
from the same camera viewpoint, then 133-A, B, and
C have been cropped and, therefore, if there is
more background area in the picture, then it [the
DeMohrenschildt photo] could not possibly be
matched to the film plane aperture.
Do you understand his point?</p>
<p>MR. MEE. Yes.</p>
@ -1922,33 +1922,33 @@ is that you're trying to. . . .</p>
<p>MTG. Okay, I'm going to read some of what McCamy said about
this.</p>
<p> Mr. GOLDSMITH. Please explain the results of this
varying exposure analysis.
Mr. MCCAMY. Yes. In these illustrations, the
greatest exposure gives the darkest print, and the
least exposure, the lightest print. The advantage
of doing this is that in the lightest areas of the
picture we can see detail here that cannot be seen
up here. Conversely, in the shadows, this is the
best photograph on which to look for the detail.
So that is a print ideally exposed to look into
the shadows. This one is ideally exposed to look
into the highlights, so we can see all the detail
there.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. After applying this method, did
the panel discern anything unusual about these
pictures?
Mr. MCCAMY. No, nothing at all. There had been
allegations that the shadows were painted in, and
a simple examination of the shadows on these
pictures shows that there is plenty of detail
there. You can see grass, little stones. There
is a newspaper lying back here. You can see the
detail on it.
<p> Mr. GOLDSMITH. Please explain the results of this
varying exposure analysis.
Mr. MCCAMY. Yes. In these illustrations, the
greatest exposure gives the darkest print, and the
least exposure, the lightest print. The advantage
of doing this is that in the lightest areas of the
picture we can see detail here that cannot be seen
up here. Conversely, in the shadows, this is the
best photograph on which to look for the detail.
So that is a print ideally exposed to look into
the shadows. This one is ideally exposed to look
into the highlights, so we can see all the detail
there.
Mr. GOLDSMITH. After applying this method, did
the panel discern anything unusual about these
pictures?
Mr. MCCAMY. No, nothing at all. There had been
allegations that the shadows were painted in, and
a simple examination of the shadows on these
pictures shows that there is plenty of detail
there. You can see grass, little stones. There
is a newspaper lying back here. You can see the
detail on it.
Any comments?</p>
<p>MR. MEE. I don't think it's an issue. I mean, I don't think the
@ -2015,7 +2015,7 @@ in detail in the forum [the JFK Assassination Forum on
CompuServe]. I'd just like to get some of your views on it.</p>
<p>MR. MEE. [Begins shaking his head from side to side in the
typical "No" motion.] Right. Well. . . . [pauses and
typical "No" motion.] Right. Well. . . . [pauses and
continues to shake his head]</p>
<p>MTG. Well, you know, even Congressman Fithian pointed out that
@ -2063,32 +2063,32 @@ photos.</p>
a fake, he did so because the shadows on the suit didn't match
the shadows on the railing. McCamy explained:</p>
<p> He [Mr. Scott, a fellow panel member] spent 40
hours with an assistant preparing a fake
photograph of a man standing in a backyard. When
he presented the photograph, he mailed it to me, I
pulled it out of the envelope, and as I pulled it
out of the envelope I said it is a fake.
I was rather surprised that it was that easy. As
it turned out, what he had done was to make a
photograph, a 6-foot photograph of a 6-foot man,
and this was placed in the backyard, and it was
photographed.
But there was a thing that caught my eye
instantly; that is, that there were shadows that
were cast by parts of a dark suit. There were
shadows cast by parts of a railing immediately
behind the man.
When the suit was in full sunlight, it exactly
matched the railing. But the shadows on the suit
didn't match the shadows on the railing.
Now, that would not be the way it would have been
if it had been a true photograph.
<p> He [Mr. Scott, a fellow panel member] spent 40
hours with an assistant preparing a fake
photograph of a man standing in a backyard. When
he presented the photograph, he mailed it to me, I
pulled it out of the envelope, and as I pulled it
out of the envelope I said it is a fake.
I was rather surprised that it was that easy. As
it turned out, what he had done was to make a
photograph, a 6-foot photograph of a 6-foot man,
and this was placed in the backyard, and it was
photographed.
But there was a thing that caught my eye
instantly; that is, that there were shadows that
were cast by parts of a dark suit. There were
shadows cast by parts of a railing immediately
behind the man.
When the suit was in full sunlight, it exactly
matched the railing. But the shadows on the suit
didn't match the shadows on the railing.
Now, that would not be the way it would have been
if it had been a true photograph.
When I read this, I thought it was strange that this was the same
man who had just gone to such great lengths to dismiss the
implications of the variant shadows in the backyard photos. Yet,

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<xml><p> Host Element Fusion</p>
<p> Unpublished Work
Copyright (c) 1990
Earl Laurence Lovings</p>
<p>1. Proton (1 Hydrogen 1) Energy: 938.3 Mev = 1.007825 amu
2. Neutron (1 Neutron 0) Energy: 939.6 Mev = 1.008665 amu
3. Deuterium (2 Hydrogen 1) = 2.014102 amu
4. [(1 Neutron 0) + (1 Hydrogen 1) - electron] =
(939.6 Mev + 938.3 Mev - .511 Mev) = 1877.389 Mev =
2.015447128 amu
5. [(1 Neutron 0) - (1 Hydrogen 1) + electron] =
(939.6 Mev - 938.3 Mev + .511 Mev) = 1.811 Mev =
1.9441763 x 10 - 03 amu
6. (105 Palladium 46) = 104.905064 amu
7. (103 Rhodium 45) = 102.905511 amu</p>
<p>The host element fusion experiment begins with a Palladium
electrode submersed in Deuterium. A energy source is supplied,
which enables the fusion process to begin. My theory on this
subject is explained below:</p>
<p>The Deuterium atoms are allowed inside the Palladium electrode due
to the electric field on the electrode. Once the Deuterium atoms
are inside, the Deuterium causes the Palladium to become unstable.
This is done by this process:</p>
<p>[ (105 Pd 46 - (1 Neutron 0 + 1 Hydrogen 1 - electron) +
(1 Neutron 0 - 1 Hydrogen 1 + electron)] or,
[ 104.905064 amu - 2.015447128 amu + 1.9441763 x 10-03 amu] =
102.8916 amu.</p>
<p>The closest element Palladium can try to become stable is
(103 Rhodium 45).</p>
<p>Take Palladium's new mass and subtract it with Rhodium's mass.
(103 Rhodium 45) - 102.8916 amu, or
102.905511 amu - 102.8916 amu = 1.394653 x 10-02 amu.</p>
<p>To find out how many electrons that is equivalent to:
(1.394653 x 10-02 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu)/(.511 Mev/electrons) =
25.42309 electrons</p>
<p>This is the amount of electrons required to be ionized to enable
host element fusion with Deuterium. </p>
<p>That is the first process of host element fusion. </p>
<p>The second process begins when the ionized electrons from the
palladium atom shields the deuterium atoms to allow host element
fusion.</p>
<p> The Equation:</p>
<p>Q = [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) + (25.423 e) -
(1877.389 Mev) + (1.811 Mev) - (2 Hydrogen 1)] x 931.5 Mev or,</p>
<p>Q = [(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu + .01394653 amu - 2.015447 amu
+ 1.944176 x 10-03 amu - 2.014102 amu)] x 931.5 Mev</p>
<p>Q = 13.55 Mev</p>
<p>You must realize for this process to work for host element fusion,
you have to have a host element before Deuterium will fuse.
My equation also theoretically works for known Deuterium fusion
processes.</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>1. [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1)] -&gt; (3 Helium 2) +
(1 Neutron 0)] = or,</p>
<p> [(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu - 3.016030 amu - 1.008665 amu) x
(931.5 Mev/amu)] = Q = 3.27 Mev</p>
<p>My Equation: </p>
<p>Host Element = (3 Helium 2) + (1 Neutron 0)
[(3 Helium 2) + (1 Neutron 0) - 1877.389 Mev + 1.811 Mev] =
[3.016030 amu + 1.008665 amu - 2.015447 amu + 1.944176x10-03 amu]
= 2.011192 amu</p>
<p>The element whose mass is closest to the new unstable "element" is
(2 Hydrogen 1)</p>
<p>(2.014102 amu) - 2.011192 amu = 2.909899 x 10-03 amu excess mass
convert to electrons</p>
<p>(2.909899 x 10-03 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu) /(.511 Mev/electrons) =
5.304445 electrons</p>
<p>Now the fusion of Deuterium atoms
[(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) + 5.30444e - 1877.389 Mev
+ 1.811 Mev - (2 Hydrogen 1)] x 931.5 Mev =
[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu + 2.909899x10-03 amu - 2.015447 amu
+ 1.944176x10-03 amu - 2.014102 amu)] x (931.5 Mev/amu)</p>
<p>Q = 3.27 Mev</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>2. [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) -&gt; (4 Helium 2)] = or,
[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu - 4.002603 amu)] x
(931.5 Mev/amu) = Q = 23.85 Mev
My Equation: </p>
<p>Host Element = (4 Helium 2)
[(4 Helium 2) - 1877.389 Mev + 1.811 Mev] =
[(4.002603 amu - 2.015447 amu + 1.944176x10-03 amu)] = 1.9891 amu</p>
<p>The element whose mass is closest to the new unstable "element" is
(2 Hydrogen 1)</p>
<p>(2.014102 amu) - 1.9891 amu = 2.500188 x 10-02 amu excess mass
convert to electrons</p>
<p>(2.500188 x 10-02 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu) /(.511 Mev/electrons) =
45.57585 electrons</p>
<p>Now the fusion of Deuterium atoms
[(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) + 45.58 electrons - 1877.389 Mev
+ 1.811 Mev - (2 Hydrogen 1)] x 931.5 Mev =
[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu + 2.500188x10-02 amu - 2.015447 amu
+ 1.944176x10-03 amu - 2.014102 amu)] x (931.5 Mev/amu) =</p>
<p>Q = 23.85 Mev</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>3. [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) -&gt; (3 Hydrogen 1) +
(1 Hydrogen 1) = or,</p>
<p>[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu - 3.016050 amu - 1.007825 amu)] x
(931.5 Mev/amu) = Q = 4.03 Mev</p>
<p>My Equation: </p>
<p>Host Element = (3 Hydrogen 1) + (1 Hydrogen 1)
[(3 Hydrogen 1) + ( 1 Hydrogen 1) - 1877.389 Mev + 1.811 Mev] =
[3.016050 amu + 1.007825 amu - 2.015447 amu + 1.944176x10-03 amu]
= 2.010372 amu</p>
<p>The element whose mass is closest to the new unstable "element" is
(2 Hydrogen 1)</p>
<p>(2.014102 amu - 2.010372 amu) = 3.729582x10-03 amu excess mass
convert to electrons</p>
<p>(3.729582x10-03 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu)/(.511 Mev/electrons) =
6.798641 electrons</p>
<p>Now the fusion of Deuterium atoms
[(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) + 6.799 electrons - 1877.389 Mev
+ 1.811 Mev - (2 Hydrogen 1)] x 931.5 Mev =
[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu + 3.7296x10-03 amu - 2.015447 amu +
1.944176x10-03 amu - 2.014102 amu)] x (931.5 Mev/amu) =
Q = 4.03 Mev</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>4. [(1 Hydrogen 1) + (1 Hydrogen) -&gt; (2 Hydrogen 1) +(electron)=
[(1.007825 amu + 1.007825 amu - 2 electrons - 2.014102 amu)]
x (931.5 Mev/amu) = Q = .42 Mev</p>
<p>My Equation:</p>
<p>Host Element = (2 Hydrogen 1)
[(2 Hydrogen 1) - 1877.389 Mev + 1.811 Mev] =
[(2.014102 amu - 2.015447128 amu + 1.9441763x10-03 amu)] =
5.990302x10-04 amu</p>
<p>The element whose mass is closest to the new unstable "element"
is (1 Hydrogen 1)</p>
<p>(1.007825 amu - 5.990302x10-03 amu) = 1.007226 amu excess mass
convert to neutrinos</p>
<p>(1.007226 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu) / (.42 Mev/neutrinos) =
2,233.884 neutrinos</p>
<p>Now the fusion of 1 Hydrogen 1 atoms</p>
<p>[(1 Hydrogen 1) + (1 Hydrogen 1) + 2,234 neutrinos - 2 electrons
- 1877.389 Mev + 1.811 Mev - (1 Hydrogen)] x 931.5 Mev/amu =
[(1.007825 amu + 1.007825 amu + 1.007226 amu - .001097 amu
-2.015447128 amu + 1.9441763x10-03 amu - 1.007825 amu)]
x 931.5 Mev/amu = Q = .42 Mev
</xml>

46
regexConsp/coldfusi.xml
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@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
<xml><p> Host Element Fusion</p>
<xml><p> Host Element Fusion</p>
<p> Unpublished Work
Copyright (c) 1990
Earl Laurence Lovings</p>
<p> Unpublished Work
Copyright (c) 1990
Earl Laurence Lovings</p>
<p>1. Proton (1 Hydrogen 1) Energy: 938.3 Mev = 1.007825 amu
2. Neutron (1 Neutron 0) Energy: 939.6 Mev = 1.008665 amu
3. Deuterium (2 Hydrogen 1) = 2.014102 amu
4. [(1 Neutron 0) + (1 Hydrogen 1) - electron] =
(939.6 Mev + 938.3 Mev - .511 Mev) = 1877.389 Mev =
2.015447128 amu
(939.6 Mev + 938.3 Mev - .511 Mev) = 1877.389 Mev =
2.015447128 amu
5. [(1 Neutron 0) - (1 Hydrogen 1) + electron] =
(939.6 Mev - 938.3 Mev + .511 Mev) = 1.811 Mev =
1.9441763 x 10 - 03 amu
(939.6 Mev - 938.3 Mev + .511 Mev) = 1.811 Mev =
1.9441763 x 10 - 03 amu
6. (105 Palladium 46) = 104.905064 amu
7. (103 Rhodium 45) = 102.905511 amu</p>
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ fusion.</p>
(1877.389 Mev) + (1.811 Mev) - (2 Hydrogen 1)] x 931.5 Mev or,</p>
<p>Q = [(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu + .01394653 amu - 2.015447 amu
+ 1.944176 x 10-03 amu - 2.014102 amu)] x 931.5 Mev</p>
+ 1.944176 x 10-03 amu - 2.014102 amu)] x 931.5 Mev</p>
<p>Q = 13.55 Mev</p>
@ -66,13 +66,13 @@ you have to have a host element before Deuterium will fuse.
My equation also theoretically works for known Deuterium fusion
processes.</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>1. [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1)] -&gt; (3 Helium 2) +
(1 Neutron 0)] = or,</p>
(1 Neutron 0)] = or,</p>
<p> [(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu - 3.016030 amu - 1.008665 amu) x
(931.5 Mev/amu)] = Q = 3.27 Mev</p>
<p> [(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu - 3.016030 amu - 1.008665 amu) x
(931.5 Mev/amu)] = Q = 3.27 Mev</p>
<p>My Equation: </p>
@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ convert to electrons</p>
<p>Q = 3.27 Mev</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>2. [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) -&gt; (4 Helium 2)] = or,
[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu - 4.002603 amu)] x
(931.5 Mev/amu) = Q = 23.85 Mev
[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu - 4.002603 amu)] x
(931.5 Mev/amu) = Q = 23.85 Mev
My Equation: </p>
<p>Host Element = (4 Helium 2)
@ -127,10 +127,10 @@ convert to electrons</p>
<p>Q = 23.85 Mev</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>3. [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) -&gt; (3 Hydrogen 1) +
(1 Hydrogen 1) = or,</p>
(1 Hydrogen 1) = or,</p>
<p>[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu - 3.016050 amu - 1.007825 amu)] x
(931.5 Mev/amu) = Q = 4.03 Mev</p>
@ -158,11 +158,11 @@ convert to electrons</p>
1.944176x10-03 amu - 2.014102 amu)] x (931.5 Mev/amu) =
Q = 4.03 Mev</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>4. [(1 Hydrogen 1) + (1 Hydrogen) -&gt; (2 Hydrogen 1) +(electron)=
[(1.007825 amu + 1.007825 amu - 2 electrons - 2.014102 amu)]
x (931.5 Mev/amu) = Q = .42 Mev</p>
[(1.007825 amu + 1.007825 amu - 2 electrons - 2.014102 amu)]
x (931.5 Mev/amu) = Q = .42 Mev</p>
<p>My Equation:</p>
@ -187,4 +187,4 @@ convert to neutrinos</p>
[(1.007825 amu + 1.007825 amu + 1.007226 amu - .001097 amu
-2.015447128 amu + 1.9441763x10-03 amu - 1.007825 amu)]
x 931.5 Mev/amu = Q = .42 Mev
</p></xml>
</p></xml>

681
regexConsp/compse.txt
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@ -1,681 +0,0 @@
<xml><p>
The Computational Self
by Robert M. Galatzer-Levy, M.D.
180 North Michigan Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60601
CIS PPN 72255,1101
This is a paper original delivered at the First Annual Mathematics
and Psychoanalysis Meeting in New York, N.Y. on June 6, 1988. Any
comments are very welcome.
What I have to say today is more by way of posing a problem
and indicating an area where I suspect the solution to lie than a
coherent presentation of a new theory. I am going to talk about
some elementary ideas from a branch of psychoanalysis called self
psychology and some elementary ideas from computer science that
seem to me to provide a framework for thinking about the self of
self psychology and then invite you all to let me know whether what
I have said has made sense and whether you can see directions for
the development of these notions.
Freud's effort to explain mental life on the basis of drives
that are the psychological representations of biological
disequilibria fell on hard times as he tried to work out the theory
in detail. He introduced a new entity, the ego, dangerously close
to a homunculus within the mind, that performed certain functions
and vigorously protected itself from being "overwhelmed" or
traumatized. The ego's functions included managing the persons
relation to reality, regulations of drives, object relations,
thought processing, defensive functions, perceptions and motor
activity, and integration of all other psychological functions -
its so called synthetic function.
The concept of the ego became the center of American
psychoanalytic theory in the forties ,fifties and sixties. Despite
heroic, rigorous efforts to sharpen the terms's meaning, the
confusion Freud left between the ego and the subjective experience
of the self continued. This persistent confusions was not merely
the result of intellectual sloppiness. Nor was it, as Bruno
Bettleheim proposes, the result of Freud's English translators'
discomfort the soul-like implications of the Freud's original idea.
The difficult is more fundamental. The terminologic and theoretic
confusion reflected a clinical reality.
It often happens that people who functioned badly in the areas
called "ego functions" also have major disturbances in their
experience of the self and that the two types of difficulty are
exacerbated or diminished in concert. The idea of the ego as a
unitary entity is not just as a convenient, if confusing, name for
the set of functions described earlier, a sort of waste basket for
what is neither id nor superego. The term reflect the commonly
observed covariation in these functions.
The systematic exploration of the self experience began in
psychoanalysis in the years following the second world war, though,
of course the concept of self has been the object of study since
the dawn of civilization. Although he had significant
psychoanalytic precursors, notably in the work of Paul Federn, Erik
Erikson was the first to propose that the core of much
psychopathology lies in disorders of self experience. Erikson's
concept of identity, which amalgamated the many sources of beliefs
about who one is is both evocative of common experience and proved
clinically useful. Many kinds of difficultly, as well a normal, and
supernormal psychological development can be usefully explored as
experiences of loss or diffusion of identity or attempts to
establish a satisfactory identity where one was lacking.
Erikson's work is problematic from a psychoanalytic point of
view for two reasons. First, reading Erikson carefully one
discovers that his wonderful portrayal of emotional states through
imagery, metaphor and clinical detail is not matched by explicit,
clear theoretical formulations. Second, his writings often focus
on external environmental effects rather than people's
psychological worlds and the manner of their construction.
Erikson never systematically described his therapeutic
approach to his patients. However, it is clear that he consistently
placed a positive connotation on his patients' struggles. He
demonstrated how manifest psychopathology could be understood as
potentially successful attempts to achieve valuable identities,
that while there might be difficulties in the way the patient's
basic project and his ways of attempting to accomplish it were
closer to healthy development than the patient or the society might
recognize. Erikson's psychobiographical studies of Luther, Gandhi,
Hitler and Shaw are messages to readers, many of them young, about
the value of their struggles to form workable identities. Erikson's
implicit view is that an appreciative stance toward the patients'
struggles which include or dominated by external realities is
therapeutic.
In the years following the second world war Harry Stack
Sullivan, observed that the experience of the self of many of his
schizophrenic patients was grossly disturbed. Borrowing from the
Chicago School of Sociology, most notably George Herbert Mead,
Sullivan conceptualized the self as a summation of social roles,
some of them retained without full awareness from archaic periods
of development. In this "interpersonal theory" of psychology
pathology resulted from a self system that was internal incongruent
or problematic in terms of the environment. Therapeutic
intervention consisted in understanding and appropriately revising
the self system in the light of more mature and current
understanding. What is central to our discussion is Sullivan's view
that the self system was both the product of the external
environment and made no sense whatever outside of a social system.
Several analysts, notably Klein, Winnicott, Khan, Fairburn,
Bion, Spitz, and Modell emphasized the role of holding environment,
environmental container or the "mother" in the development of the
self. From their very different perspectives each emphasized how
the self's growth required an external situation of being "held"
as the emerging and vulnerable self gained strength and autonomy.
People whose psychopathology centered in problematically self
development, a condition that all these authors equated with
difficulties in the first two years of life, could work out their
problems if provided with an analytic situation that allowed them
to reengage those phases with the analyst experienced as the
archaic maternal environment of that era. Some of these analysts
believed, like Melaine Klein, that these very early situations
involved inherent conflicts that now be resolved through
interpretation in analysis. Others like Donald Winnicott held that
new experiences, "beyond interpretation," with a good-enough object
were needed so that the developmental failure could be righted
through new development. The theoretical formulations of many of
these authors was either so inherently fantastic, or so abstruse,
or so unsystematic that their work has had relatively little
influence on psychoanalytic theory beyond the range of their
immediate followers. It is only now being integrated into the
mainstream of psychoanalytic thought.
Margaret Mahler and her coworkers also concerned themselves
with he early development of the self. They centered their
attention on the era of late toddlerhood that involved the
difficulties of the child emerging from a state they called
"symbiosis" in which the experience of the self includes the care
taking environment into a state of being an individual in one's own
right. Based on treatment experiences with youngsters and adults
who seemed to have difficulties in the area of the self experience
and observations of toddlers, which unfortunately were dominated
by their preexisting theory, Mahler and her group concluded that
much of the difficulty in self experience arose from a failure to
adequately separate from the mother of infancy. Although there are
many well informed analysts who would disagree with me, I will
assert that the overwhelming data of infant and later developmental
studies demonstrate that Mahler's symbiotic phase is not part of
normal development nor is separateness, in the sense she meant it,
characteristic of ordinary or healthy more mature psychological
function.
However the clinical observations that lead to Mahler's
thinking and that have been explained in terms of her theories are
certainly common. That is, there are many people who seem to have
shaky experiences of themselves and function with a conflicting
notions that on the one hand they desperately need other people if
they are to function at all reasonably and that some core aspect
of themselves is in danger precisely in these urgently needed
interactions.
Starting in the sixties in Chicago Heinz Kohut initiated a
psychoanalytic study of disorders of the self. His approach to
these researches was methodologically distinct and is worth a
moment's pause. First he took a radical position, that he claimed,
incorrectly at the time, to be a standard one, that psychoanalytic
data was collected in a manner different from that of the natural
sciences. He asserted that it is possible and usually to
immediately comprehend complex psychological configurations in
others and that such understanding ordinary mode of operation of
the working analyst. Empathy for other's internal states, as a mode
of comprehension, was, for Kohut, similar to the way we perceive
faces - as a complete and immediate gestalt. Analytic training and
technique are designed to maximize the analyst's ability to use
this investigative tool and to overcoming its pitfalls, just a
training in microscopy enables us to vastly extend ordinary visual
capacities. While Kohut claimed to be making explicit what everyone
did anyway, his position, right or wrong, was deeply antithetical
to Freud's view of psychoanalysis as a natural science-like
investigation and also Hartman's explicit statements that empathy
in the sense that Kohut meant it had no appropriate role in
psychoanalytic investigation.
A second, and less problematically, position about
psychoanalytic investigative method was Kohut's position on
transference. In his early writings on self psychology Kohut
assumed that the only data to be taken seriously in psychoanalysis
were the data of the transference. The various stories the patient
told, the analyst's conceptual framework and responses and all the
other stuff the analyst commonly use to frame a picture of the
patient's psychology was of minimal importance compared to the job
of describing and understanding the interaction between patient
and analyst. Kohut also believed that premature interpretations to
the effect that the patient was avoiding knowing something about
himself often interfered with the full blossoming of the
transference. According to Kohut, premature interpretations,
particularly premature interpretations of defense often resulted
in the analyst discovering evidence that confirmed their
preexisting notions because they misunderstood possibly contrary
clinical facts as representative of the patients' avoidance of
already known realities.
Using empathy and the exploration of transference as their
primary tools, Kohut and his students treated a group of patients
whose distress took three overlapping forms. One group of patients
suffered from feelings of depletion, emptiness, triviality and/or
fragmentation. These experiences often took symbolic expression in
the form of hypochondriasis. Another set of patients were engaged
in activities that seemed enormously driven or addictive such as
sexual promiscuity and perversion, shop lifting, desperately
clinging relations to other people and substance abuse. Finally,
some of the patients had chronic and acute states of tantrum like
rage.
In analysis, at least as conducted by Kohut and his followers,
these patients developed characteristic attitudes to the analyst
that Kohut labeled selfobject transferences. Characteristically,
often against considerable internal resistance, these patients came
to experience the analyst as essential to their well being. His
physical or psychological absence variously precipitated great
distress and/or the reemergence of symptoms that had been
previously remitted. For example, a young man who had entered
analysis much distressed by his promiscuous homosexual behavior
reported what for him was a major business success during a
session. The analyst, noting that the patient's anxiety had
interfered with an even greater accomplishment, made the plausible
interpretation that the patient had inhibited himself from doing
even better because he experienced his business competitor as like
the analyst and feared the analyst's reprisal if the patient beat
him in competition. The interpretation was bolstered by several
significant details that made it plausible and the patient thought
it was "right on the mark" and promised "to try to do better next
time." Retrospectively he said he had felt irritable and "headachy"
during and immediately after the interpretation was given. That
evening he returned to a gay pornographic movie theatre were there
was much sexual activity among the patrons. Before the analysis
this was one of his regular haunts but he had stopped patronizing
the theatre many months before. The patient allowed several men to
perform fellatio on him. He felt angry and painfully excited as he
thought the fallators really appreciated what he had. In response
to what he felt was the analysts inadequately appreciative response
the patient had desperately turned to a more concrete indication
that someone could appreciate his accomplishments. Another patient
experienced every weekend as "like being sent away to live in the
Sahara in a desert" and the return to the analysis as "like coming
back to the oasis."
When their feelings are not interrupted these patients like
these experience the analyst in characteristic ways that Kohut
described with oversimplifying systemticity. Some patients
idealized the analyst seeing in him the embodiment of strength and
good and feeling alive and whole in his presence. Others find
relief in the sense of being in a unity with their analyst, or
being like him or being appreciated by him. Interruptions in these
states of mind commonly bring with them inordinate distress or
symptoms which could be reasonably understood as experiences of a
fragmented or devitalized self or attempts to avoid those
experiences.
From these clinical experiences Kohut posited that there were
a group of people for whom the maintenance of a satisfactory self
experience was centrally important because it was so problematic.
The analyses of these patients was characterized by the use of the
analyst to maintain the a cohesive and vital self by using the
image of the analyst as part of the self or as a support for the
self. Any interruption in the capacity to use the analyst in this
manner lead to the reemergence of problems in this area. The
situation within the analysis was equated with postulated normal
developmental states in which the caretaker ordinarily performs the
functions for the self. These functions Kohut called selfobject
functions and he believed his patients to be suffering from
disorders of the self resultant on traumatic failures of early
selfobject functions. As in normal development small, empathically
supported, failures in the selfobject function allow patients to
identify with the image of the way the analyst should have
functioned and to make those functions more their own. However
mental health does not consist in giving up self objects. Kohut
asserted that selfobject functions normally continue across the
course of life and that it is their qualities, not their existence,
that is altered with maturity. (Having made this assertion Kohut
never elaborated or demonstrated it. Recently Bertram Cohler and
myself have undertaken the task of exploring the empirical evidence
for Kohut's position.)
Kohut's findings, and the findings of many of those who have
examined the psychology of the self from other viewpoints, have
been questioned in too apparently distinct ways, whose
interconnection I will show you in a moment.
The first objection is that Kohut's theories serve to avoid
painful psychological truths. Many of the phenomena Kohut observed
had been observed previously and classified as defensive
operations. For example, idealizations of the analyst were commonly
understood as ways both to avoid knowing of the unconscious
demeaning of the analyst and to arrange for disappointments when
the analyst fails to live up to the idealization as he inevitably
must. The idea that the patient "needs" the analyst to function in
some certain fashion lest his core being be seriously damaged could
be understood as a fantasied misunderstanding designed to
rationalize wishes whose non-fulfillment may be extremely
frustrating but not inherently, must less psychologically fatally,
damaging.
The second set of objections has to do with the theory of the
self. Kohut never clearly defines his central concept of the self.
Essentially he says that everyone knows from experience what the
self is and leaves it at that. After studying the many discussions
of the meaning of the "self" in the psychoanalytic literature one
is reminded of the Buddha's comments on the self. He said that
those who believe in the self are like "a man who says that he is
in love with the most beautiful woman in the land, but is unable
to specify her name, her family or her appearance" (Digha Nikaya
I 193, quoted in Carrithers (1983).) The essential theoretical
difficulty was clarified by Meissner who pointed out that the term
self as habitually used by Kohut and most other writers whose work
places the self at the center of psychological life, is
consistently used to refer to both a psychological representation
and also a psychological agent. Although more systematic
researchers, for example Hartman, limit the concept of self to a
psychological representation of the person, they also give the self
a markedly subsidiary role in psychology. Meissner's argument is
quite similar to Schafer's later discussions of internalization in
which Schafer observed that the elaborate analytic theories of
internalization were in fact nothing more then the translation into
psychoanalytic jargon of unconscious fantasies and did not, in his
view represent, represent actual psychological mechanism and in
fact obscured, what actually happens when we have experience that
had been described as the taking in of another person or aspects
of that person.
The two problems with self psychology, its use as a defense
against painful insight and its confusion of agent and image, are
related. Notice that if the self is "only" a psychological
representation it would follow that the patient's idea that had
will be dysfunctional as a direct result of some impairment in this
representation seems mistaken - or at least so it seemed to many
thoughtful psychoanalysts. Only the impairment of some mental
agency could really result in dysfunction. It was if the patient
complained that his car did not function because part of a picture
of the vehicle had been obliterated. The idea that the patient is
in error in this regard supports the clinical stance that the
patient's fears in these matters are not an accurate assessment of
the situation but rather fantasies motivated by their unconscious
desires to hide deeper psychological realities.
Now of course we all know that there are "mere"
representations that are very good for actually doing things and
whose faultiness causes no end of problems. These representations
are called programs.
Now, I suspect that once stated the notion that the self is
a program which like other programs is capable of change by
altering its representation and at the same time is an active agent
is neither a surprising or remarkable idea. However, when one
notices that fifty years or so of both clinical and theoretic
psychoanalytic thinking about the self has been profoundly
influenced by the idea that the existence of such an object is a
logical impossibility the point seems more worth making. The other
advantage of making this point is that it invites us to use what
we know about programs to think about the self and suggests the
systematic characterization of the self as a program.
Let us begin the selfobject function whose enemies are want
to equate it with some form of mysticism. We know, of course, that
programs have meaning and function only within computational
environments. An inappropriate computational environment can alter
the meaning and operation of the program or render it altogether
meaningless. For example a routine that calls a global variable
gives a different value depending on the value of that variable;
a program written in C for which one has no compiler is totally
useless. The use of the term "computation environment" in computer
science is relative to the process being discussed and only has
meaning once one specifies what program is being referred to. An
expression only has meaning within an environment. Having bound a
global variable that value then becomes part of the computational
environment of the programs running within that context. Of course
from a different viewpoint the program that sets up the environment
for our first program itself has an environment. Thus ordinarily
we expect that program will "need" appropriate environments in the
same way that self psychology predicts that people need
selfobjects.
What one chooses to call program and what environment
obviously effects the picture of the situation that emerges and is
a function of the interest of the investigator. Similarly the
boundaries of the self depend on the point of view we adopt based
on the focus of our interests. It is only important to notice that
the choice is ours, not intrinsic to the system under study and
that it is important not to become confused about the principles
governing the entities we have defined. A few decades ago von
Bertalanfy made a minor industry of pointing out the inappropriate
application of conservation principles to "open" systems that were
mistakenly treated as having no energy flux across their
boundaries.
The mechanics of the selfobject or the environment is
naturally important but by no means definitive in terms of its
function. In one since it is obviously of considerable importance
whether a subroutine that is called is available in RAM, is
currently located on a easily accessed storage device or is located
on a tape that the machines operator must fetch and mount before
it can be used. In another sense these mechanical considerations
are of minor importance in our understanding of the program.
Likewise whether the capacity to be soothed is a readily available
group of psychological functions represented within the cranium,
the activity of a caretaker who is but a cry away or requires some
elaborate undertaking - say a few years of psychoanalysis - can be
regarded as involving no essential difference in this function.
Although he never would have put it in this way this is an
essential aspect of what Kohut was trying to point to in the idea
of the selfobject - something that functions as an essential aspect
of the self or of the support of the self but which because of the
mechanics of its availability is at times less efficiently
accessible than other aspects of the self that we are more
accustomed to including in our idea of the self. This computational
relative inaccessablity commonly is associated with the need for
particular perceptual inputs and computational assistance.
For instance the phenomenon of "social referencing" has been
studied extensively from a social psychological point of view.
Starting at about age seven months given a novel situation or a
situation with elements that suggest danger babies look to
caregivers for cues about whether to proceed and base their actions
on the caretaker's response. Toddlers as they move away from mother
in a play ground frequently turn around, checking mother's
expression before proceeding further. In the toddlers experience
the decision does not take its basis in the issue of whether
mother, as a person approves or disapproves of the action, rather
the mother's approving response registers as an impersonal "It is
okay." The toddler has not called the person "mother" in this
situation but has rather expanding his computational resources
which happen at the moment to be located in the being we would
refer to as his mother. The child needs loves nor hates the mother
in this context but does need her to function. If she is
functioning well like any computational resource he remains unaware
of her presence. It is only her failure of availability that makes
her of interest, just as we are generally unaware of our memories
except when we have difficulty recollecting something we need to
continue our thinking.
Those of you familiar with Marvin Minsky's work recently
summarized in The Society of Mind will recognize in these ideas a
particular application of the multi-hierarchy computational model
that can be used to explore processing within many levels of human
function from neurons to societal organizations. The issue of a
non-pejorative attitude to what we call mysticism comes to mind
here. Much of what is referred to as mystical might well be
considered as attempts to comprehend hierarchically higher
computational structures within the computational world of lower
order entities.
The self as a program does two important things that are the
subject of our constant attention in our analytic work. The program
monitors its own operation and ordinarily modifies itself in
response to such monitoring. The type of programs we are familiar
with in daily work with computers generally have facilities to
monitor and modify their own execution to a limited extent. Error
trapping of one type or other is virtually universally employed so
that unexpected or undesirable situations do not result in the
continuation of "business as usual" but instead lead to some kind
of branching in the process. In an "error" situation the new
execution often takes the form of enlarging the computational
environment to include the operator who is asked how to proceed or
to correct some situation that impedes the computation or to
authorize the use of additional computational resources. For
example if the execution of a program requires more than a certain
amount of time the systems operator may be asked whether to
continue or abort the execution.
Similarly, but much more extensively, the self is engaged in
a constant process of monitoring its own function and functional
needs, arranging for them to be met or attempting to compensate for
their not being met. We have already implicitly discussed the
ongoing monitoring of computational resources and the recognition
of the need to evoke devices such as the perception of other people
to serve as selfobjects. The detailed study of the nature,
functions and situations in which these additional computational
devices are called or where calls to such devices is avoided
constitutes a major area of psychoanalytic investigation that
encompasses much of object relations theory, including self
psychology, attachment theory, the concept of the transitional
object and the role of cultural experience.
In the von Neumann architecture computer design was dominated
by the wish to avoid programming errors. This was accomplished by
carefully separating data, programs and processing functions and
forcing sequential processing so that except in terms of the
overall duration of computation the outcome of a computation was
unaffected by the time required for each computational step.
Furthermore building this basic architecture requires the
anticipation at least the basic architecture of the system from
its beginning. It cannot result of the evolutionary piecing
together of elements designed for other functions as the brain must
have evolved.
The von Neuman architecture is so excellent an environment for
humans to design programs for that it dominated computer design for
almost four decades. However as von Neumann noted from early on
this architecture is a poor model for brain functioning. The
microsecond firing times of neurons are much to slow to allow
brains to do the things they do all the time with a von Neumann
machines. Furthermore brains are the result of a bioevolutionary
process, not a unitary design and its programmer is not an
individual who sets out to explicitly specify processes but an
environment with many other things on its mind than programming
brains. Of course we know from direct study of brains that they
operate through massively parallel processing.
Fortunately for those of us interested in brains and their
productions it has become clear that the technological limitations
inherent in the von Neumann architecture make it essential that
other architectures be explored in depth to make more capable
computers. The last five years has seen an explosion of
publications about parallel processing architecture and we will be
among the beneficiaries of the resultant intellectual advances.
But, of course, the problems that von Neumann sought to avoid
in computer design are precisely the problems that emerge in
parallel processing. It is simply much more difficult to predict
what is going to happen when things do not go on sequentially, when
the distinction between memory and processing is abandoned and
simple hierarchies of bindings are abandoned. Now rather then
building the absence of these difficulties into the architecture
of the system it becomes necessary to discover ways to overcome
them. A much more elaborate system of error trapping and control
becomes essential.
Parallel systems are highly vulnerable to internal conflicts
and instabilities. Attempts to remove these features from the
system usually entail the loss of precisely what has been gained
through parallelism. To give an very elementary but quite everyday
example, when a database can be updated through several different
inputs there is considerable danger that attempting simultaneous
updating of a record will result in loss of data or undesirable
results. Suppose I am making a deposit in my savings account at the
same time that interest is being calculated and recorded in the
same record. In many database systems the entire record is
retrieved updated and stored again. So in this instance the
original record is retrieved by both the deposit and the interest
function. Each, independently updates the record and then writes
it to the storage device. Either the deposit or the interest
payment, whichever is stored last, will be recorded but not both.
A simple solution that is used in many database systems is to make
the record available to only one potential input at a time by
locking it to other users while it is in the hands of a potential
inputter. In essence one suspends parallel processing and goes to
sequential processing in the face of such potential errors. This
is an awful solution for simple database management, although as
anyone who has worked with such a system knows it can be thoroughly
annoying. But such a general solution for a massively parallel
system would slow the whole thing to a snails pace. Thus special
mechanism for recognizing, protecting against and resolving
conflicts are expected to be a central aspect of massively parallel
system.
But notice how close we have gotten to the ordinary stuff of
psychoanalytic clinical work. A lot of what we do in analysis has
to do with successes and failures to resolve conflicts between
computational results achieved through parallel processing of
situations. To give a much oversimplified instance, a young man
who might displace a supervisor by putting forward his own ideas
expresses them but muddles their presentation. Analysis reveals
that his actions result from two parallel, conflicting computations
and an attempt to resolve that conflict. On the one hand are a
variety of factors including his wish for greater prestige and
material wealth that in turn reflect a long sequence of
developmental processes and on the other his assumption (which is
outside of awareness) that he will be harmed in various ways if he
pursues these wishes results in a state of conflict. This conflict
and potential conflicts are dealt with variously by some higher
order resolutions or through the isolation of the processes from
one another by a variety of means. The resulting action,
unfortunately called a "compromise formation" in psychoanalytic
jargon is an attempt to synthesize the results of these two groups
of computations.
An even greater danger to the system than partially
contradictory computational results is its own instability.
Computational process may become chaotic, disorganized or pass
through a catastrophe as we recognize in depth when we study them
in terms of dynamical systems. It is reasonable to expect that a
computational system can only function in anything like a
satisfactory manner if such situations is rigorously limited to
lower levels of function and if the system has extensive safeguards
against higher level catastrophes or chaos.
Again this is precisely what we find clinically. The most
central concerns in disorders of the self frequently are concerns
about discontinuous and disorderly change. A typical error trapping
procedure in the area where catastrophic change seems a danger is
to avoid all change whatsoever and to attempt to isolate the
computational processes from outside influences that might result
in change. Recently I described how the process of working through
in psychoanalysis, the repeated reexamination if slightly different
versions of paradigmatic situations within an analysis, could
usefully be regarded as the reestablishment of a Boltzman
algorithm-like psychological function by which existing "solutions"
are repeatedly and automatically reexamined both to achieve greater
optimality and to integrate data that may have been unavailable at
the time they were formed. I said that much psychopathology could
be usefully characterized as the interruption of this ordinary
process in the face of a perceived threat of disruption or
disorganization and that what we often think of as the curative
factor of working through is just the resumption of normal
psychological function.
This brings us to the third way in which the self differs from
the programs we are most familiar with from the study of computers.
The self is self developing. Here my opinions are somewhat
different from many of my psychoanalytic colleagues, so let me
spell them out briefly. As she attempted to explore the concepts
of normality and pathology in childhood, Anna Freud discovered that
the presence or absence of symptoms per se was not an adequate
guide in assessing children. She concluded that childhood was
normatively a period of change and development and these were its
primary tasks. The failure of such for such development to be
ongoing was the essence of psychological disturbance in childhood.
For Anna Freud, who had a clear picture of what psychological
health was like in adulthood, the task of childhood was move toward
such mature functioning and she posited a drive to "the completion
of development."
Three groups of observation impressed me into extending her
notion. First the past quarter century has yielded a massive
demonstration that human development normal continues across the
entire life course - that the idea of a definite mature
developmental state whether occurring with the resolution of the
Oedipus complex or the end of late adolescence or whenever else is
mistaken. Second there seem to be quite diverse ways to be
psychologically healthy which becomes readily apparent if we avoid
employing a priori notions of the meaning of health. Finally the
work begun by Marsh to the effect that programs can be written not
with specific goals in mind but rather that proceed to explore and
develop in area that are vaguely defined by such criteria as
"interestingness" corresponded so well to the observations of
workers like Piaget who found that exploration and development were
self motivating that it seemed likely that the human mind is such
a system. It thus seems reasonable to posit that an ongoing
function of the self is its own reorganization and development.
Indeed it was this point that first led to my interest in a
computation model of the self because the question of how the self
could be both agent and representation and in particular how it
could be an agent acting on itself as a representation has a long
standing concrete instaniation in Lisp. Lisp, one of the two oldest
high level programming languages in common use, was specifically
designed to manipulate list of symbols. Of course lisp programs are
themselves list of symbols so that lisp programs can be operated
on my lisp programs including the program itself. The species that
seemed so internally contradictory that analysts denied there
existence have in fact been around for a long time.
Now, of course such programs are not without very serious
problems - in particular they too can be much less stable and far
less predictable than those programs were program and data are kept
strictly separate. As with parallel processing one way to protect
from the dangers inherent in such a structure is to carefully limit
in advance the changes the program can make in itself. Another
possibility is to monitor the development of the program and
introduce error trapping and correction as untoward consequences
of the rewriting occur. A combination of the two approaches would
seem to be necessary. In a sequential system for example a fatal
error occurs if a real interminable loop is introduced into a
program. Here, however, parallelism and conflict can be of
considerable help. Freud's idea of a tripartite model of mind
essentially involves the parallel processing of data, the
consequent development and resolution of conflict so that a variety
of needs can be met through these various modes of processing. In
particular aspects of the mind can monitor the ongoing process of
the development of the self - interrupting and altering it when it
comes parlously close to instability or stagnation.
The hierarchical level at which these process can proceed are
various and new levels in the hierarchy seem to develop with
greater maturity. In particular greater capacities for abstraction
both from data and process appear to be a normal part of human
development. With these capacity comes increased abilities for
metacognition. Piaget's observation of the progressive decentering
of cognition with the related capacity, for example to think about
thinking, represents such an elaboration of abstraction
hierarchies.
Among the many objections that could be raised to my
discussion is the importance I lay on introspection and
subjectivity as a source of information about psychological
processes. From a computational viewpoint consciousness is an odd,
unnecessary, or at least peculiar phenomenon, while from the point
of view of classical psychoanalysis precisely what is most
interesting about people is barred from the conscious awareness.
Thus subjective reports about experience should be relatively
uninteresting to both groups. However, following Vygotsky and
Basch, I take a different point of view about consciousness.
Consciousness is a state that we employ when automatic functioning
becomes problematic. For example we only become aware of walking
when we stumble or when we are learning how to do it and only
attend to it in detail if something impedes are ability to walk.
It is thus precisely in areas of difficulty that we expect
awareness to appear. So it is the areas of difficulty that we
should find well represented in consciousness. Freud's idea of
bringing the unconscious into awareness then is nothing more then
the extension of this normal process into areas in which it is not
employed. In particular the mechanism of repression reflects a
special procedure to keep ideas separate from each other by not
bringing them into awareness. But more generally we can use
subjective experience as at least a preliminary guide to the
computational difficulty.
I am well aware of having painted the picture of the
computational self with extremely broad strokes and having done
violence to many subtle and important issues in the process. At the
same time I am impressed that psychoanalysts having discovered that
the Freudian and ego-psychological paradigms are inadequate have
largely abandoned the attempt to develop broad theories that
encompass the particular data of the psychoanalytic field, choosing
instead to focus on smaller more tractable problems and maintaining
an unavowed theoretical agnosticism.
An exception to this abandonment of theory lies in the work
of the self psychologists. However their conceptualizations,
especially those of Kohut, while evocative remain vague. I think
it is clear that the computational properties of the mind must find
representation in personal psychology. I have suggested one
possibility for how this may occur using the computational self as
the central organizer for my thinking and attempting to show how
ideas from computer science may yield models that are congruent
with our clinical experience. Just as I believe development is the
central activity of the self so to I believe development should be
the central goal of our intellectual activities. Thus if this
paper, despite its flaws does nothing more then stimulate some of
you to think along these lines and to help me do so more cogently
I will be satisfied.</xml>

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