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465 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
465 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
- [Choosing your server name](#choosing-your-server-name)
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- [Installing Synapse](#installing-synapse)
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- [Installing from source](#installing-from-source)
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- [Platform-Specific Instructions](#platform-specific-instructions)
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- [Troubleshooting Installation](#troubleshooting-installation)
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- [Prebuilt packages](#prebuilt-packages)
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- [Setting up Synapse](#setting-up-synapse)
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- [TLS certificates](#tls-certificates)
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- [Email](#email)
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- [Registering a user](#registering-a-user)
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- [Setting up a TURN server](#setting-up-a-turn-server)
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- [URL previews](#url-previews)
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# Choosing your server name
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It is important to choose the name for your server before you install Synapse,
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because it cannot be changed later.
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The server name determines the "domain" part of user-ids for users on your
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server: these will all be of the format `@user:my.domain.name`. It also
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determines how other matrix servers will reach yours for federation.
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For a test configuration, set this to the hostname of your server. For a more
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production-ready setup, you will probably want to specify your domain
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(`example.com`) rather than a matrix-specific hostname here (in the same way
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that your email address is probably `user@example.com` rather than
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`user@email.example.com`) - but doing so may require more advanced setup: see
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[Setting up Federation](docs/federate.md).
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# Installing Synapse
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## Installing from source
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(Prebuilt packages are available for some platforms - see [Prebuilt packages](#prebuilt-packages).)
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System requirements:
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- POSIX-compliant system (tested on Linux & OS X)
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- Python 3.5, 3.6, or 3.7
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- At least 1GB of free RAM if you want to join large public rooms like #matrix:matrix.org
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Synapse is written in Python but some of the libraries it uses are written in
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C. So before we can install Synapse itself we need a working C compiler and the
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header files for Python C extensions. See [Platform-Specific
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Instructions](#platform-specific-instructions) for information on installing
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these on various platforms.
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To install the Synapse homeserver run:
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```
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mkdir -p ~/synapse
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virtualenv -p python3 ~/synapse/env
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source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate
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pip install --upgrade pip
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pip install --upgrade setuptools
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pip install matrix-synapse
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```
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This will download Synapse from [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/matrix-synapse)
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and install it, along with the python libraries it uses, into a virtual environment
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under `~/synapse/env`. Feel free to pick a different directory if you
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prefer.
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This Synapse installation can then be later upgraded by using pip again with the
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update flag:
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```
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source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate
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pip install -U matrix-synapse
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```
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Before you can start Synapse, you will need to generate a configuration
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file. To do this, run (in your virtualenv, as before)::
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```
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cd ~/synapse
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python -m synapse.app.homeserver \
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--server-name my.domain.name \
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--config-path homeserver.yaml \
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--generate-config \
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--report-stats=[yes|no]
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```
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... substituting an appropriate value for `--server-name`.
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This command will generate you a config file that you can then customise, but it will
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also generate a set of keys for you. These keys will allow your Home Server to
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identify itself to other Home Servers, so don't lose or delete them. It would be
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wise to back them up somewhere safe. (If, for whatever reason, you do need to
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change your Home Server's keys, you may find that other Home Servers have the
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old key cached. If you update the signing key, you should change the name of the
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key in the `<server name>.signing.key` file (the second word) to something
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different. See the
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[spec](https://matrix.org/docs/spec/server_server/latest.html#retrieving-server-keys)
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for more information on key management.)
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To actually run your new homeserver, pick a working directory for Synapse to
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run (e.g. `~/synapse`), and::
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cd ~/synapse
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source env/bin/activate
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synctl start
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### Platform-Specific Instructions
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#### Debian/Ubuntu/Raspbian
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Installing prerequisites on Ubuntu or Debian:
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```
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sudo apt-get install build-essential python3-dev libffi-dev \
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python-pip python-setuptools sqlite3 \
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libssl-dev python-virtualenv libjpeg-dev libxslt1-dev
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```
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#### ArchLinux
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Installing prerequisites on ArchLinux:
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```
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sudo pacman -S base-devel python python-pip \
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python-setuptools python-virtualenv sqlite3
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```
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#### CentOS/Fedora
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Installing prerequisites on CentOS 7 or Fedora 25:
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```
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sudo yum install libtiff-devel libjpeg-devel libzip-devel freetype-devel \
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lcms2-devel libwebp-devel tcl-devel tk-devel redhat-rpm-config \
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python-virtualenv libffi-devel openssl-devel
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sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
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```
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#### Mac OS X
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Installing prerequisites on Mac OS X:
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```
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xcode-select --install
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sudo easy_install pip
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sudo pip install virtualenv
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brew install pkg-config libffi
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```
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#### OpenSUSE
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Installing prerequisites on openSUSE:
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```
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sudo zypper in -t pattern devel_basis
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sudo zypper in python-pip python-setuptools sqlite3 python-virtualenv \
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python-devel libffi-devel libopenssl-devel libjpeg62-devel
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```
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#### OpenBSD
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Installing prerequisites on OpenBSD:
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```
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doas pkg_add python libffi py-pip py-setuptools sqlite3 py-virtualenv \
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libxslt jpeg
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```
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There is currently no port for OpenBSD. Additionally, OpenBSD's security
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settings require a slightly more difficult installation process.
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XXX: I suspect this is out of date.
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1. Create a new directory in `/usr/local` called `_synapse`. Also, create a
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new user called `_synapse` and set that directory as the new user's home.
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This is required because, by default, OpenBSD only allows binaries which need
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write and execute permissions on the same memory space to be run from
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`/usr/local`.
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2. `su` to the new `_synapse` user and change to their home directory.
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3. Create a new virtualenv: `virtualenv -p python2.7 ~/.synapse`
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4. Source the virtualenv configuration located at
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`/usr/local/_synapse/.synapse/bin/activate`. This is done in `ksh` by
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using the `.` command, rather than `bash`'s `source`.
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5. Optionally, use `pip` to install `lxml`, which Synapse needs to parse
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webpages for their titles.
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6. Use `pip` to install this repository: `pip install matrix-synapse`
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7. Optionally, change `_synapse`'s shell to `/bin/false` to reduce the
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chance of a compromised Synapse server being used to take over your box.
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After this, you may proceed with the rest of the install directions.
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#### Windows
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If you wish to run or develop Synapse on Windows, the Windows Subsystem For
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Linux provides a Linux environment on Windows 10 which is capable of using the
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Debian, Fedora, or source installation methods. More information about WSL can
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be found at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10 for
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Windows 10 and https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-on-server
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for Windows Server.
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### Troubleshooting Installation
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XXX a bunch of this is no longer relevant.
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Synapse requires pip 8 or later, so if your OS provides too old a version you
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may need to manually upgrade it::
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sudo pip install --upgrade pip
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Installing may fail with `Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement pymacaroons-pynacl (from matrix-synapse==0.12.0)`.
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You can fix this by manually upgrading pip and virtualenv::
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sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv
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You can next rerun `virtualenv -p python3 synapse` to update the virtual env.
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Installing may fail during installing virtualenv with `InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.`
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You can fix this by manually installing ndg-httpsclient::
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pip install --upgrade ndg-httpsclient
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Installing may fail with `mock requires setuptools>=17.1. Aborting installation`.
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You can fix this by upgrading setuptools::
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pip install --upgrade setuptools
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If pip crashes mid-installation for reason (e.g. lost terminal), pip may
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refuse to run until you remove the temporary installation directory it
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created. To reset the installation::
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rm -rf /tmp/pip_install_matrix
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pip seems to leak *lots* of memory during installation. For instance, a Linux
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host with 512MB of RAM may run out of memory whilst installing Twisted. If this
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happens, you will have to individually install the dependencies which are
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failing, e.g.::
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pip install twisted
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## Prebuilt packages
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As an alternative to installing from source, prebuilt packages are available
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for a number of platforms.
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### Docker images and Ansible playbooks
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There is an offical synapse image available at
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https://hub.docker.com/r/matrixdotorg/synapse which can be used with
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the docker-compose file available at [contrib/docker](contrib/docker). Further information on
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this including configuration options is available in the README on
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hub.docker.com.
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Alternatively, Andreas Peters (previously Silvio Fricke) has contributed a
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Dockerfile to automate a synapse server in a single Docker image, at
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https://hub.docker.com/r/avhost/docker-matrix/tags/
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Slavi Pantaleev has created an Ansible playbook,
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which installs the offical Docker image of Matrix Synapse
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along with many other Matrix-related services (Postgres database, riot-web, coturn, mxisd, SSL support, etc.).
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For more details, see
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https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy
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### Debian/Ubuntu
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#### Matrix.org packages
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Matrix.org provides Debian/Ubuntu packages of the latest stable version of
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Synapse via https://packages.matrix.org/debian/. They are available for Debian
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9 (Stretch), Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial), and later. To use them:
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```
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sudo apt install -y lsb-release wget apt-transport-https
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sudo wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.matrix.org/debian/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg
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echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.matrix.org/debian/ $(lsb_release -cs) main" |
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sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/matrix-org.list
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install matrix-synapse-py3
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```
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**Note**: if you followed a previous version of these instructions which
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recommended using `apt-key add` to add an old key from
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`https://matrix.org/packages/debian/`, you should note that this key has been
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revoked. You should remove the old key with `sudo apt-key remove
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C35EB17E1EAE708E6603A9B3AD0592FE47F0DF61`, and follow the above instructions to
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update your configuration.
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The fingerprint of the repository signing key (as shown by `gpg
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/usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg`) is
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`AAF9AE843A7584B5A3E4CD2BCF45A512DE2DA058`.
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#### Downstream Debian/Ubuntu packages
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For `buster` and `sid`, Synapse is available in the Debian repositories and
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it should be possible to install it with simply:
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```
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sudo apt install matrix-synapse
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```
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There is also a version of `matrix-synapse` in `stretch-backports`. Please see
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the [Debian documentation on
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backports](https://backports.debian.org/Instructions/) for information on how
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to use them.
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We do not recommend using the packages in downstream Ubuntu at this time, as
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they are old and suffer from known security vulnerabilities.
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### Fedora
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Synapse is in the Fedora repositories as `matrix-synapse`:
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```
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sudo dnf install matrix-synapse
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```
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Oleg Girko provides Fedora RPMs at
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https://obs.infoserver.lv/project/monitor/matrix-synapse
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### OpenSUSE
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Synapse is in the OpenSUSE repositories as `matrix-synapse`:
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```
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sudo zypper install matrix-synapse
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```
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### SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
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Unofficial package are built for SLES 15 in the openSUSE:Backports:SLE-15 repository at
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https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/openSUSE:/Backports:/SLE-15/standard/
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### ArchLinux
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The quickest way to get up and running with ArchLinux is probably with the community package
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https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/any/matrix-synapse/, which should pull in most of
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the necessary dependencies.
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pip may be outdated (6.0.7-1 and needs to be upgraded to 6.0.8-1 ):
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```
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sudo pip install --upgrade pip
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```
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If you encounter an error with lib bcrypt causing an Wrong ELF Class:
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ELFCLASS32 (x64 Systems), you may need to reinstall py-bcrypt to correctly
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compile it under the right architecture. (This should not be needed if
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installing under virtualenv):
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```
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sudo pip uninstall py-bcrypt
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sudo pip install py-bcrypt
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```
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### FreeBSD
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Synapse can be installed via FreeBSD Ports or Packages contributed by Brendan Molloy from:
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- Ports: `cd /usr/ports/net-im/py-matrix-synapse && make install clean`
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- Packages: `pkg install py27-matrix-synapse`
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### NixOS
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Robin Lambertz has packaged Synapse for NixOS at:
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https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/misc/matrix-synapse.nix
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# Setting up Synapse
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Once you have installed synapse as above, you will need to configure it.
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## TLS certificates
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The default configuration exposes a single HTTP port: http://localhost:8008. It
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is suitable for local testing, but for any practical use, you will either need
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to enable a reverse proxy, or configure Synapse to expose an HTTPS port.
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For information on using a reverse proxy, see
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[docs/reverse_proxy.rst](docs/reverse_proxy.rst).
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To configure Synapse to expose an HTTPS port, you will need to edit
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`homeserver.yaml`, as follows:
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* First, under the `listeners` section, uncomment the configuration for the
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TLS-enabled listener. (Remove the hash sign (`#`) at the start of
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each line). The relevant lines are like this:
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```
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- port: 8448
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type: http
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tls: true
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resources:
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- names: [client, federation]
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```
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* You will also need to uncomment the `tls_certificate_path` and
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`tls_private_key_path` lines under the `TLS` section. You can either
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point these settings at an existing certificate and key, or you can
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enable Synapse's built-in ACME (Let's Encrypt) support. Instructions
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for having Synapse automatically provision and renew federation
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certificates through ACME can be found at [ACME.md](docs/ACME.md). If you
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are using your own certificate, be sure to use a `.pem` file that includes
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the full certificate chain including any intermediate certificates (for
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instance, if using certbot, use `fullchain.pem` as your certificate, not
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`cert.pem`).
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For a more detailed guide to configuring your server for federation, see
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[federate.md](docs/federate.md)
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## Email
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It is desirable for Synapse to have the capability to send email. For example,
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this is required to support the 'password reset' feature.
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To configure an SMTP server for Synapse, modify the configuration section
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headed ``email``, and be sure to have at least the ``smtp_host``, ``smtp_port``
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and ``notif_from`` fields filled out. You may also need to set ``smtp_user``,
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``smtp_pass``, and ``require_transport_security``.
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If Synapse is not configured with an SMTP server, password reset via email will
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be disabled by default.
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## Registering a user
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The easiest way to create a new user is to do so from a client like [Riot](https://riot.im).
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Alternatively you can do so from the command line if you have installed via pip.
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This can be done as follows:
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```
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$ source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate
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$ synctl start # if not already running
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$ register_new_matrix_user -c homeserver.yaml http://localhost:8008
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New user localpart: erikj
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Password:
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Confirm password:
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Make admin [no]:
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Success!
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```
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This process uses a setting `registration_shared_secret` in
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`homeserver.yaml`, which is shared between Synapse itself and the
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`register_new_matrix_user` script. It doesn't matter what it is (a random
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value is generated by `--generate-config`), but it should be kept secret, as
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anyone with knowledge of it can register users, including admin accounts,
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on your server even if `enable_registration` is `false`.
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## Setting up a TURN server
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For reliable VoIP calls to be routed via this homeserver, you MUST configure
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a TURN server. See [docs/turn-howto.rst](docs/turn-howto.rst) for details.
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## URL previews
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Synapse includes support for previewing URLs, which is disabled by default. To
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turn it on you must enable the `url_preview_enabled: True` config parameter
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and explicitly specify the IP ranges that Synapse is not allowed to spider for
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previewing in the `url_preview_ip_range_blacklist` configuration parameter.
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This is critical from a security perspective to stop arbitrary Matrix users
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spidering 'internal' URLs on your network. At the very least we recommend that
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your loopback and RFC1918 IP addresses are blacklisted.
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This also requires the optional lxml and netaddr python dependencies to be
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installed. This in turn requires the libxml2 library to be available - on
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Debian/Ubuntu this means `apt-get install libxml2-dev`, or equivalent for
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your OS.
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