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578 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
578 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
- [Choosing your server name](#choosing-your-server-name)
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- [Picking a database engine](#picking-a-database-engine)
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- [Installing Synapse](#installing-synapse)
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- [Installing from source](#installing-from-source)
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- [Platform-Specific Instructions](#platform-specific-instructions)
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- [Prebuilt packages](#prebuilt-packages)
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- [Setting up Synapse](#setting-up-synapse)
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- [TLS certificates](#tls-certificates)
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- [Client Well-Known URI](#client-well-known-uri)
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- [Email](#email)
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- [Registering a user](#registering-a-user)
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- [Setting up a TURN server](#setting-up-a-turn-server)
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- [URL previews](#url-previews)
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- [Troubleshooting Installation](#troubleshooting-installation)
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# Choosing your server name
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It is important to choose the name for your server before you install Synapse,
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because it cannot be changed later.
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The server name determines the "domain" part of user-ids for users on your
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server: these will all be of the format `@user:my.domain.name`. It also
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determines how other matrix servers will reach yours for federation.
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For a test configuration, set this to the hostname of your server. For a more
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production-ready setup, you will probably want to specify your domain
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(`example.com`) rather than a matrix-specific hostname here (in the same way
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that your email address is probably `user@example.com` rather than
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`user@email.example.com`) - but doing so may require more advanced setup: see
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[Setting up Federation](docs/federate.md).
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# Picking a database engine
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Synapse offers two database engines:
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* [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org)
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* [SQLite](https://sqlite.org/)
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Almost all installations should opt to use PostgreSQL. Advantages include:
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* significant performance improvements due to the superior threading and
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caching model, smarter query optimiser
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* allowing the DB to be run on separate hardware
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For information on how to install and use PostgreSQL, please see
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[docs/postgres.md](docs/postgres.md)
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By default Synapse uses SQLite and in doing so trades performance for convenience.
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SQLite is only recommended in Synapse for testing purposes or for servers with
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light workloads.
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# Installing Synapse
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## Installing from source
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(Prebuilt packages are available for some platforms - see [Prebuilt packages](#prebuilt-packages).)
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System requirements:
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- POSIX-compliant system (tested on Linux & OS X)
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- Python 3.5.2 or later, up to Python 3.8.
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- At least 1GB of free RAM if you want to join large public rooms like #matrix:matrix.org
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Synapse is written in Python but some of the libraries it uses are written in
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C. So before we can install Synapse itself we need a working C compiler and the
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header files for Python C extensions. See [Platform-Specific
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Instructions](#platform-specific-instructions) for information on installing
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these on various platforms.
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To install the Synapse homeserver run:
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```
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mkdir -p ~/synapse
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virtualenv -p python3 ~/synapse/env
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source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate
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pip install --upgrade pip
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pip install --upgrade setuptools
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pip install matrix-synapse
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```
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This will download Synapse from [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/matrix-synapse)
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and install it, along with the python libraries it uses, into a virtual environment
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under `~/synapse/env`. Feel free to pick a different directory if you
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prefer.
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This Synapse installation can then be later upgraded by using pip again with the
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update flag:
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```
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source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate
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pip install -U matrix-synapse
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```
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Before you can start Synapse, you will need to generate a configuration
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file. To do this, run (in your virtualenv, as before):
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```
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cd ~/synapse
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python -m synapse.app.homeserver \
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--server-name my.domain.name \
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--config-path homeserver.yaml \
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--generate-config \
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--report-stats=[yes|no]
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```
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... substituting an appropriate value for `--server-name`.
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This command will generate you a config file that you can then customise, but it will
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also generate a set of keys for you. These keys will allow your homeserver to
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identify itself to other homeserver, so don't lose or delete them. It would be
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wise to back them up somewhere safe. (If, for whatever reason, you do need to
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change your homeserver's keys, you may find that other homeserver have the
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old key cached. If you update the signing key, you should change the name of the
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key in the `<server name>.signing.key` file (the second word) to something
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different. See the
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[spec](https://matrix.org/docs/spec/server_server/latest.html#retrieving-server-keys)
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for more information on key management).
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To actually run your new homeserver, pick a working directory for Synapse to
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run (e.g. `~/synapse`), and:
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```
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cd ~/synapse
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source env/bin/activate
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synctl start
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```
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### Platform-Specific Instructions
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#### Debian/Ubuntu/Raspbian
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Installing prerequisites on Ubuntu or Debian:
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```
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sudo apt-get install build-essential python3-dev libffi-dev \
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python3-pip python3-setuptools sqlite3 \
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libssl-dev virtualenv libjpeg-dev libxslt1-dev
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```
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#### ArchLinux
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Installing prerequisites on ArchLinux:
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```
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sudo pacman -S base-devel python python-pip \
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python-setuptools python-virtualenv sqlite3
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```
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#### CentOS/Fedora
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Installing prerequisites on CentOS 8 or Fedora>26:
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```
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sudo dnf install libtiff-devel libjpeg-devel libzip-devel freetype-devel \
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libwebp-devel tk-devel redhat-rpm-config \
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python3-virtualenv libffi-devel openssl-devel
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sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools"
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```
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Installing prerequisites on CentOS 7 or Fedora<=25:
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```
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sudo yum install libtiff-devel libjpeg-devel libzip-devel freetype-devel \
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lcms2-devel libwebp-devel tcl-devel tk-devel redhat-rpm-config \
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python3-virtualenv libffi-devel openssl-devel
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sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
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```
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Note that Synapse does not support versions of SQLite before 3.11, and CentOS 7
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uses SQLite 3.7. You may be able to work around this by installing a more
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recent SQLite version, but it is recommended that you instead use a Postgres
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database: see [docs/postgres.md](docs/postgres.md).
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#### macOS
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Installing prerequisites on macOS:
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```
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xcode-select --install
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sudo easy_install pip
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sudo pip install virtualenv
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brew install pkg-config libffi
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```
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On macOS Catalina (10.15) you may need to explicitly install OpenSSL
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via brew and inform `pip` about it so that `psycopg2` builds:
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```
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brew install openssl@1.1
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export LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/Cellar/openssl\@1.1/1.1.1d/lib/
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```
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#### OpenSUSE
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Installing prerequisites on openSUSE:
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```
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sudo zypper in -t pattern devel_basis
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sudo zypper in python-pip python-setuptools sqlite3 python-virtualenv \
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python-devel libffi-devel libopenssl-devel libjpeg62-devel
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```
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#### OpenBSD
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A port of Synapse is available under `net/synapse`. The filesystem
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underlying the homeserver directory (defaults to `/var/synapse`) has to be
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mounted with `wxallowed` (cf. `mount(8)`), so creating a separate filesystem
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and mounting it to `/var/synapse` should be taken into consideration.
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To be able to build Synapse's dependency on python the `WRKOBJDIR`
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(cf. `bsd.port.mk(5)`) for building python, too, needs to be on a filesystem
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mounted with `wxallowed` (cf. `mount(8)`).
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Creating a `WRKOBJDIR` for building python under `/usr/local` (which on a
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default OpenBSD installation is mounted with `wxallowed`):
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```
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doas mkdir /usr/local/pobj_wxallowed
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```
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Assuming `PORTS_PRIVSEP=Yes` (cf. `bsd.port.mk(5)`) and `SUDO=doas` are
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configured in `/etc/mk.conf`:
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```
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doas chown _pbuild:_pbuild /usr/local/pobj_wxallowed
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```
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Setting the `WRKOBJDIR` for building python:
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```
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echo WRKOBJDIR_lang/python/3.7=/usr/local/pobj_wxallowed \\nWRKOBJDIR_lang/python/2.7=/usr/local/pobj_wxallowed >> /etc/mk.conf
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```
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Building Synapse:
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```
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cd /usr/ports/net/synapse
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make install
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```
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#### Windows
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If you wish to run or develop Synapse on Windows, the Windows Subsystem For
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Linux provides a Linux environment on Windows 10 which is capable of using the
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Debian, Fedora, or source installation methods. More information about WSL can
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be found at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10 for
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Windows 10 and https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-on-server
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for Windows Server.
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## Prebuilt packages
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As an alternative to installing from source, prebuilt packages are available
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for a number of platforms.
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### Docker images and Ansible playbooks
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There is an offical synapse image available at
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https://hub.docker.com/r/matrixdotorg/synapse which can be used with
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the docker-compose file available at [contrib/docker](contrib/docker). Further
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information on this including configuration options is available in the README
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on hub.docker.com.
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Alternatively, Andreas Peters (previously Silvio Fricke) has contributed a
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Dockerfile to automate a synapse server in a single Docker image, at
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https://hub.docker.com/r/avhost/docker-matrix/tags/
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Slavi Pantaleev has created an Ansible playbook,
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which installs the offical Docker image of Matrix Synapse
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along with many other Matrix-related services (Postgres database, Element, coturn,
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ma1sd, SSL support, etc.).
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For more details, see
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https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy
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### Debian/Ubuntu
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#### Matrix.org packages
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Matrix.org provides Debian/Ubuntu packages of the latest stable version of
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Synapse via https://packages.matrix.org/debian/. They are available for Debian
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9 (Stretch), Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial), and later. To use them:
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```
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sudo apt install -y lsb-release wget apt-transport-https
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sudo wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.matrix.org/debian/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg
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echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.matrix.org/debian/ $(lsb_release -cs) main" |
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sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/matrix-org.list
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install matrix-synapse-py3
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```
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**Note**: if you followed a previous version of these instructions which
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recommended using `apt-key add` to add an old key from
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`https://matrix.org/packages/debian/`, you should note that this key has been
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revoked. You should remove the old key with `sudo apt-key remove
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C35EB17E1EAE708E6603A9B3AD0592FE47F0DF61`, and follow the above instructions to
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update your configuration.
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The fingerprint of the repository signing key (as shown by `gpg
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/usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg`) is
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`AAF9AE843A7584B5A3E4CD2BCF45A512DE2DA058`.
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#### Downstream Debian packages
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We do not recommend using the packages from the default Debian `buster`
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repository at this time, as they are old and suffer from known security
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vulnerabilities. You can install the latest version of Synapse from
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[our repository](#matrixorg-packages) or from `buster-backports`. Please
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see the [Debian documentation](https://backports.debian.org/Instructions/)
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for information on how to use backports.
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If you are using Debian `sid` or testing, Synapse is available in the default
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repositories and it should be possible to install it simply with:
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```
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sudo apt install matrix-synapse
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```
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#### Downstream Ubuntu packages
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We do not recommend using the packages in the default Ubuntu repository
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at this time, as they are old and suffer from known security vulnerabilities.
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The latest version of Synapse can be installed from [our repository](#matrixorg-packages).
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### Fedora
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Synapse is in the Fedora repositories as `matrix-synapse`:
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```
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sudo dnf install matrix-synapse
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```
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Oleg Girko provides Fedora RPMs at
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https://obs.infoserver.lv/project/monitor/matrix-synapse
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### OpenSUSE
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Synapse is in the OpenSUSE repositories as `matrix-synapse`:
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```
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sudo zypper install matrix-synapse
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```
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### SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
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Unofficial package are built for SLES 15 in the openSUSE:Backports:SLE-15 repository at
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https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/openSUSE:/Backports:/SLE-15/standard/
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### ArchLinux
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The quickest way to get up and running with ArchLinux is probably with the community package
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https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/any/matrix-synapse/, which should pull in most of
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the necessary dependencies.
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pip may be outdated (6.0.7-1 and needs to be upgraded to 6.0.8-1 ):
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```
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sudo pip install --upgrade pip
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```
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If you encounter an error with lib bcrypt causing an Wrong ELF Class:
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ELFCLASS32 (x64 Systems), you may need to reinstall py-bcrypt to correctly
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compile it under the right architecture. (This should not be needed if
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installing under virtualenv):
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```
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sudo pip uninstall py-bcrypt
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sudo pip install py-bcrypt
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```
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### Void Linux
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Synapse can be found in the void repositories as 'synapse':
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```
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xbps-install -Su
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xbps-install -S synapse
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```
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### FreeBSD
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Synapse can be installed via FreeBSD Ports or Packages contributed by Brendan Molloy from:
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- Ports: `cd /usr/ports/net-im/py-matrix-synapse && make install clean`
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- Packages: `pkg install py37-matrix-synapse`
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### OpenBSD
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As of OpenBSD 6.7 Synapse is available as a pre-compiled binary. The filesystem
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underlying the homeserver directory (defaults to `/var/synapse`) has to be
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mounted with `wxallowed` (cf. `mount(8)`), so creating a separate filesystem
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and mounting it to `/var/synapse` should be taken into consideration.
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Installing Synapse:
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```
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doas pkg_add synapse
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```
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### NixOS
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Robin Lambertz has packaged Synapse for NixOS at:
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https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/misc/matrix-synapse.nix
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# Setting up Synapse
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Once you have installed synapse as above, you will need to configure it.
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## TLS certificates
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The default configuration exposes a single HTTP port on the local
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interface: `http://localhost:8008`. It is suitable for local testing,
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but for any practical use, you will need Synapse's APIs to be served
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over HTTPS.
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The recommended way to do so is to set up a reverse proxy on port
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`8448`. You can find documentation on doing so in
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[docs/reverse_proxy.md](docs/reverse_proxy.md).
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Alternatively, you can configure Synapse to expose an HTTPS port. To do
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so, you will need to edit `homeserver.yaml`, as follows:
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* First, under the `listeners` section, uncomment the configuration for the
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TLS-enabled listener. (Remove the hash sign (`#`) at the start of
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each line). The relevant lines are like this:
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```
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- port: 8448
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type: http
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tls: true
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resources:
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- names: [client, federation]
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```
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* You will also need to uncomment the `tls_certificate_path` and
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`tls_private_key_path` lines under the `TLS` section. You will need to manage
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provisioning of these certificates yourself — Synapse had built-in ACME
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support, but the ACMEv1 protocol Synapse implements is deprecated, not
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allowed by LetsEncrypt for new sites, and will break for existing sites in
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late 2020. See [ACME.md](docs/ACME.md).
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If you are using your own certificate, be sure to use a `.pem` file that
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includes the full certificate chain including any intermediate certificates
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(for instance, if using certbot, use `fullchain.pem` as your certificate, not
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`cert.pem`).
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For a more detailed guide to configuring your server for federation, see
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[federate.md](docs/federate.md).
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## Client Well-Known URI
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Setting up the client Well-Known URI is optional but if you set it up, it will
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allow users to enter their full username (e.g. `@user:<server_name>`) into clients
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which support well-known lookup to automatically configure the homeserver and
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identity server URLs. This is useful so that users don't have to memorize or think
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about the actual homeserver URL you are using.
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The URL `https://<server_name>/.well-known/matrix/client` should return JSON in
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the following format.
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```
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{
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"m.homeserver": {
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"base_url": "https://<matrix.example.com>"
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}
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}
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```
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It can optionally contain identity server information as well.
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```
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{
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"m.homeserver": {
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"base_url": "https://<matrix.example.com>"
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},
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"m.identity_server": {
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"base_url": "https://<identity.example.com>"
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}
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}
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```
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To work in browser based clients, the file must be served with the appropriate
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Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) headers. A recommended value would be
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`Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *` which would allow all browser based clients to
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view it.
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In nginx this would be something like:
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```
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location /.well-known/matrix/client {
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return 200 '{"m.homeserver": {"base_url": "https://<matrix.example.com>"}}';
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add_header Content-Type application/json;
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add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
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}
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```
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You should also ensure the `public_baseurl` option in `homeserver.yaml` is set
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correctly. `public_baseurl` should be set to the URL that clients will use to
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connect to your server. This is the same URL you put for the `m.homeserver`
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`base_url` above.
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```
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public_baseurl: "https://<matrix.example.com>"
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```
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## Email
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It is desirable for Synapse to have the capability to send email. This allows
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Synapse to send password reset emails, send verifications when an email address
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is added to a user's account, and send email notifications to users when they
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|
receive new messages.
|
|
|
|
To configure an SMTP server for Synapse, modify the configuration section
|
|
headed `email`, and be sure to have at least the `smtp_host`, `smtp_port`
|
|
and `notif_from` fields filled out. You may also need to set `smtp_user`,
|
|
`smtp_pass`, and `require_transport_security`.
|
|
|
|
If email is not configured, password reset, registration and notifications via
|
|
email will be disabled.
|
|
|
|
## Registering a user
|
|
|
|
The easiest way to create a new user is to do so from a client like [Element](https://element.io/).
|
|
|
|
Alternatively you can do so from the command line if you have installed via pip.
|
|
|
|
This can be done as follows:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
$ source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate
|
|
$ synctl start # if not already running
|
|
$ register_new_matrix_user -c homeserver.yaml http://localhost:8008
|
|
New user localpart: erikj
|
|
Password:
|
|
Confirm password:
|
|
Make admin [no]:
|
|
Success!
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
This process uses a setting `registration_shared_secret` in
|
|
`homeserver.yaml`, which is shared between Synapse itself and the
|
|
`register_new_matrix_user` script. It doesn't matter what it is (a random
|
|
value is generated by `--generate-config`), but it should be kept secret, as
|
|
anyone with knowledge of it can register users, including admin accounts,
|
|
on your server even if `enable_registration` is `false`.
|
|
|
|
## Setting up a TURN server
|
|
|
|
For reliable VoIP calls to be routed via this homeserver, you MUST configure
|
|
a TURN server. See [docs/turn-howto.md](docs/turn-howto.md) for details.
|
|
|
|
## URL previews
|
|
|
|
Synapse includes support for previewing URLs, which is disabled by default. To
|
|
turn it on you must enable the `url_preview_enabled: True` config parameter
|
|
and explicitly specify the IP ranges that Synapse is not allowed to spider for
|
|
previewing in the `url_preview_ip_range_blacklist` configuration parameter.
|
|
This is critical from a security perspective to stop arbitrary Matrix users
|
|
spidering 'internal' URLs on your network. At the very least we recommend that
|
|
your loopback and RFC1918 IP addresses are blacklisted.
|
|
|
|
This also requires the optional `lxml` and `netaddr` python dependencies to be
|
|
installed. This in turn requires the `libxml2` library to be available - on
|
|
Debian/Ubuntu this means `apt-get install libxml2-dev`, or equivalent for
|
|
your OS.
|
|
|
|
# Troubleshooting Installation
|
|
|
|
`pip` seems to leak *lots* of memory during installation. For instance, a Linux
|
|
host with 512MB of RAM may run out of memory whilst installing Twisted. If this
|
|
happens, you will have to individually install the dependencies which are
|
|
failing, e.g.:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
pip install twisted
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If you have any other problems, feel free to ask in
|
|
[#synapse:matrix.org](https://matrix.to/#/#synapse:matrix.org).
|