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123 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
123 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: doc
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title: Debian Template
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permalink: /doc/templates/debian/
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redirect_from:
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- /doc/debian/
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- /en/doc/templates/debian/
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- /doc/Templates/Debian/
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- /wiki/Templates/Debian/
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---
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Debian template(s)
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===============
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If you would like to use Debian Linux distribution in your qubes, you can install one of the available Debian templates.
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Updates for these templates are provided by ITL and are signed by this key:
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pub 4096R/47FD92FA 2014-07-27
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Key fingerprint = 2D43 E932 54EE EA7C B31B 6A77 5E58 18AB 47FD 92FA
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uid Qubes OS Debian Packages Signing Key
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The key is already installed when you install (signed) template package. You
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can also obtain the key from [git
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repository](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-core-agent-linux/blob/master/misc/qubes-archive-keyring.gpg),
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which is also integrity-protected using signed git tags.
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If you want a debian-minimal template, this can be built using [Qubes-builder](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/qubes-builder/),by selecting a +minimal flavour in setup, and then
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make qubes-vm && make template
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Installing
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----------
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Templates can be installed with the following command:
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Debian 7 (wheezy) - obsolete/archive:
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[user@dom0 ~]$ sudo qubes-dom0-update qubes-template-debian-7
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Debian 8 (jessie) - oldstable:
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[user@dom0 ~]$ sudo qubes-dom0-update qubes-template-debian-8
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Debian 9 (stretch) - stable:
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[user@dom0 ~]$ sudo qubes-dom0-update qubes-template-debian-9
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Upgrading
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---------
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To upgrade your Debian TemplateVM, please consult the guide that corresponds to your situation:
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* [Upgrading the Debian 8 Template to Debian 9](/doc/template/debian/upgrade-8-to-9/)
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Known issues
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------------
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### Starting services
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The Debian way (generally) is to start daemons if they are installed.
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This means that if you install (say) ssh-server in a template, *all* the qubes that use that template will run a ssh server when they start. (They will, naturally, all have the same server key.) This may not be what you want.
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So be very careful when installing software in Templates - if the daemon spawns outbound connections then there is a serious security risk.
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In general, a reasonable approach would be, (using ssh as example):
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- Install the ssh service.
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- systemctl stop ssh
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- systemctl disable ssh
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- systemctl mask ssh
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- Close down template
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Now the ssh service will **NOT** start in qubes based on this template.
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Where you **DO** want the service to run, put this in /rw/config/rc.local:
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systemctl unmask ssh
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systemctl start ssh
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Don't forget to make the file executable.
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### Unattended Upgrades
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Some users have noticed that on upgrading to Stretch, the unattended-upgrade package is installed.
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This package is pulled in as part of a Recommend chain, and can be purged.
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The lesson is that you should carefully look at what is being installed to your system, particularly if you run dist-upgrade.
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### Package installation errors in Qubes 4.0
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By default, templates in 4.0 only have a loopback interface.
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Some packages will throw an error on installation in this situation. For example, Samba expects to be configured using a network interface post installation.
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One solution is to add a dummy interface to allow the package to install correctly:
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ip link add d0 type dummy
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ip addr add 192.168.0.1/24 dev d0
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ip link set d0 up
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Contributing
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----------------
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If you want to help in improving the template, feel free to [contribute](/wiki/ContributingHowto).
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More information
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----------------
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* [Debian wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/Qubes)
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[stretch]: /doc/template/debian/upgrade-8-to-9/
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