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2de76f9553
VMs whose backup size exceeds 100 GiB have more than a thousand chunks, i.e. private.img.999 is succeeded by private.img.1000 and so on. Ensure that these are all processed, and in the right numerical order. Fixes QubesOS/qubes-issues#6113
141 lines
6.0 KiB
Markdown
141 lines
6.0 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: doc
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title: Emergency Backup Recovery (v3)
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permalink: /doc/backup-emergency-restore-v3/
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redirect_from:
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- /en/doc/backup-emergency-restore-v3/
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- /doc/BackupEmergencyRestoreV3/
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---
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Emergency Backup Recovery without Qubes (v3)
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============================================
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This page describes how to perform an emergency restore of a backup created on
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Qubes R2 or later (which uses backup format version 3).
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The Qubes backup system has been designed with emergency disaster recovery in
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mind. No special Qubes-specific tools are required to access data backed up by
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Qubes. In the event a Qubes system is unavailable, you can access your data on
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any GNU/Linux system with the following procedure.
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**Note:** In the following example, the backup file is both *encrypted* and
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*compressed*.
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1. Untar the main backup file.
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[user@restore ~]$ tar -i -xvf qubes-backup-2015-06-05T123456
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backup-header
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backup-header.hmac
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qubes.xml.000
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qubes.xml.000.hmac
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vm1/private.img.000
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vm1/private.img.000.hmac
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vm1/icon.png.000
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vm1/icon.png.000.hmac
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vm1/firewall.xml.000
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vm1/firewall.xml.000.hmac
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vm1/whitelisted-appmenus.list.000
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vm1/whitelisted-appmenus.list.000.hmac
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dom0-home/dom0user.000
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dom0-home/dom0user.000.hmac
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2. Verify the integrity of the `backup-header` file, which contains basic
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information about your backup.
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[user@restore ~]$ openssl dgst -sha512 -hmac "your_passphrase" backup-header
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HMAC-SHA512(backup-header)= 5b266783e116fe3b2601a54c249ca5f5f96d421dfe6828eeaeb2dcd014e9e945c27b3d7b0f952f5d55c927318906d9c360f387b0e1f069bb8195e96543e2969c
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[user@restore ~]$ cat backup-header.hmac
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(stdin)= 5b266783e116fe3b2601a54c249ca5f5f96d421dfe6828eeaeb2dcd014e9e945c27b3d7b0f952f5d55c927318906d9c360f387b0e1f069bb8195e96543e2969c
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**Note:** The hash values should match. If they do not match, then the
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backup file may have been tampered with, or there may have been a storage
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error.
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**Note:** If your backup was hashed with a message digest algorithm other
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than `sha512`, you must substitute the correct message digest command. This
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information is contained in the `backup-header` file (see step 3), however
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it is not recommended to open this file until its integrity and
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authenticity has been verified (the current step). A complete list of
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supported message digest algorithms can be found with `openssl
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list-message-digest-algorithms`.
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3. Read the `backup-header`. You'll need some of this information later. The
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file will look similar to this:
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[user@restore ~]$ cat backup-header
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version=3
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hmac-algorithm=SHA512
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crypto-algorithm=aes-256-cbc
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encrypted=True
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compressed=True
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compression-filter=gzip
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**Note:** If you see `version=2` here, go to [Emergency Backup Recovery -
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format version 2](/doc/backup-emergency-restore-v2/) instead.
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4. Verify the integrity of the `private.img` file which houses your data.
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[user@restore ~]$ cd vm1/
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[user@restore vm1]$ openssl dgst -sha512 -hmac "your_passphrase" private.img.000
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HMAC-SHA512(private.img.000)= cf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e
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[user@restore vm1]$ cat private.img.000.hmac
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(stdin)= cf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e
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**Note:** The hash values should match. If they do not match, then the
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backup file may have been tampered with, or there may have been a storage
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error.
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**Note:** If your backup was hashed with a message digest algorithm other
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than `sha512`, you must substitute the correct message digest command. This
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information is contained in the `backup-header` file (see step 3). A
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complete list of supported message digest algorithms can be found with
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`openssl list-message-digest-algorithms`.
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5. Decrypt the `private.img` file.
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[user@restore vm1]$ find -name 'private.img.*[0-9]' | sort -V | xargs cat | openssl enc -d -pass pass:your_passphrase -aes-256-cbc -out private.img.dec
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**Note:** If your backup was encrypted with a cipher algorithm other than
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`aes-256-cbc`, you must substitute the correct cipher command. This
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information is contained in the `backup-header` file (see step 3). A
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complete list of supported cipher algorithms can be found with `openssl
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list-cipher-algorithms`.
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6. Decompress the decrypted `private.img` file.
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[user@restore vm1]$ zforce private.img.dec
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private.img.dec -- replaced with private.img.dec.gz
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[user@restore vm1]$ gunzip private.img.dec.gz
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**Note:** If your backup was compressed with a program other than `gzip`,
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you must substitute the correct compression program. This information is
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contained in the `backup-header` file (see step 3). For example, if you
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used `bzip2`, then you should do this:
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[user@restore vm1]$ mv private.img.dec private.img.dec.bz2
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[user@restore vm1]$ bunzip2 private.img.dec.bz2
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7. Untar the decrypted and decompressed `private.img` file.
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[user@restore vm1]$ tar -xvf private.img.dec
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vm1/private.img
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8. Mount the private.img file and access your data.
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[user@restore vm1]$ sudo mkdir /mnt/img
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[user@restore vm1]$ sudo mount -o loop vm1/private.img /mnt/img/
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[user@restore vm1]$ cat /mnt/img/home/user/your_data.txt
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This data has been successfully recovered!
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9. Success! If you wish to recover data from more than one VM in your backup,
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simply repeat steps 4--8 for each additional VM.
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**Note:** You may wish to store a copy of these instructions with your
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Qubes backups in the event that you fail to recall the above procedure
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while this web page is inaccessible. All Qubes documentation, including
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this page, is available in plain text format in the following Git
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repository:
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https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc.git
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