mirror of
https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc.git
synced 2024-10-01 01:25:40 -04:00
8d0e6ed68c
Fedora removed the package back in 2021 (see https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/RemoveWirelessExtensions), and a query on pkgs.org reports that CentOS does not have any packages by that name
377 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
377 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
advanced: true
|
|
lang: en
|
|
layout: doc
|
|
permalink: /doc/templates/minimal/
|
|
redirect_from:
|
|
- /doc/templates/fedora-minimal/
|
|
- /doc/fedora-minimal/
|
|
- /en/doc/templates/fedora-minimal/
|
|
- /doc/Templates/FedoraMinimal/
|
|
- /wiki/Templates/FedoraMinimal/
|
|
- /doc/templates/debian-minimal/
|
|
ref: 132
|
|
title: Minimal templates
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
The minimal [templates](/doc/templates/) are lightweight versions of their
|
|
standard template counterparts. They have only the most vital packages
|
|
installed, including a minimal X and xterm installation. When properly
|
|
configured and used, minimal templates can be less resource-intensive, reduce
|
|
attack surface, and support more fine-grained compartmentalization. The
|
|
sections below contain instructions for installing and configuring minimal
|
|
templates, along with some examples of common use cases.
|
|
|
|
## Important
|
|
|
|
1. [The minimal templates are intended only for advanced
|
|
users.](https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/9717/15) Most things will *not* work
|
|
out-of-the-box, and you *will* have to fix them yourself. If you are not
|
|
prepared to do a lot of reading, searching, learning, and troubleshooting,
|
|
then you should instead stick to the standard templates, which are perfectly
|
|
suitable for the vast majority of users. In particular, if you are new to
|
|
Qubes, you should not attempt to use minimal templates until you have gained
|
|
more experience.
|
|
|
|
2. If something works with a standard template but not the minimal version,
|
|
this is most likely due to user error (e.g., a missing package or
|
|
misconfiguration) rather than a bug. In such cases, please do *not* file a
|
|
bug report. Instead, please see [Help, Support, Mailing Lists, and
|
|
Forum](/support/) for the appropriate place to ask for help. Once you have
|
|
learned how to solve your problem, please [contribute what you learned to
|
|
the documentation](/doc/how-to-edit-the-documentation/).
|
|
|
|
3. The minimal templates are intentionally *minimal*. [Do not ask for your
|
|
favorite package to be added to the minimal template by
|
|
default.](/faq/#could-you-please-make-my-preference-the-default)
|
|
|
|
4. In order to reduce unnecessary risk, unused repositories have been disabled
|
|
by default. If you wish to install or update any packages from those
|
|
repositories, you must enable them.
|
|
|
|
## List
|
|
|
|
Minimal templates of the following distros are available:
|
|
|
|
- Fedora
|
|
- Debian
|
|
- CentOS
|
|
- Gentoo
|
|
|
|
A list of all available templates can also be obtained with the [Template Manager](/doc/template-manager/) tool.
|
|
|
|
## Installation
|
|
|
|
The minimal templates can be installed with the following type of command:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
[user@dom0 ~]$ sudo qubes-dom0-update qubes-template-<DISTRO_NAME>-<RELEASE_NUMBER>-minimal
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If your desired version is not found, it may still be in
|
|
[testing](/doc/testing/). You may wish to try again with the testing repository
|
|
enabled:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
[user@dom0 ~]$ sudo qubes-dom0-update --enablerepo=qubes-templates-itl-testing qubes-template-<DISTRO_NAME>-<RELEASE_NUMBER>-minimal
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If you would like to install a community distribution, try the install command
|
|
by enabling the community repository:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
[user@dom0 ~]$ sudo qubes-dom0-update --enablerepo=qubes-templates-community qubes-template-<DISTRO_NAME>-<RELEASE_NUMBER>-minimal
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The download may take a while depending on your connection speed.
|
|
|
|
## Passwordless root
|
|
|
|
It is an intentional design choice for [Passwordless Root Access in
|
|
VMs](/doc/vm-sudo/) to be optional in minimal templates. Since the minimal
|
|
templates are *minimal*, they are not configured for passwordless root by
|
|
default. To update or install packages, execute the following command in dom0:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
[user@dom0 ~]$ qvm-run -u root <DISTRO_NAME>-<RELEASE_NUMBER>-minimal xterm
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
This opens a root terminal in the minimal template, from which you can use
|
|
execute root commands without `sudo`. You will have to do this every time if
|
|
you choose not to enable passwordless root.
|
|
|
|
If you want to be able to use `sudo` inside a minimal template (or app qubes
|
|
based on a minimal template), open a root terminal as just instructed, then
|
|
install the `qubes-core-agent-passwordless-root` package.
|
|
|
|
Optionally, verify that passwordless root now works by opening a normal
|
|
(non-root) xterm window in the minimal template, then issue the command `sudo
|
|
-l`. This should give you output that includes the `NOPASSWD` keyword.
|
|
|
|
## Customization
|
|
|
|
You may wish to clone the original template and make any changes in the clone
|
|
instead of the original template. You must start the clone in order to
|
|
customize it.
|
|
|
|
Customizing the template for specific use cases normally only requires
|
|
installing additional packages.
|
|
|
|
## Distro-specific notes
|
|
|
|
This following sections provide information that is specific to a particular
|
|
minimal template distro.
|
|
|
|
### Fedora
|
|
|
|
The following list provides an overview of which packages are needed for which
|
|
purpose. As usual, the required packages are to be installed in the running
|
|
template with the following command (replace `packages` with a space-delimited
|
|
list of packages to be installed):
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
[user@your-new-clone ~]$ sudo dnf install packages
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
- Commonly used utilities: `pciutils` `vim-minimal` `less` `psmisc`
|
|
`gnome-keyring`.
|
|
- Audio: `pulseaudio-qubes`.
|
|
- Networking: `qubes-core-agent-networking`, and whatever network tools
|
|
you want. N.B. minimal templates do not include any browser.
|
|
- [FirewallVM](/doc/firewall/), such as the template for `sys-firewall`: at
|
|
least `qubes-core-agent-networking` and `iproute`, and also
|
|
`qubes-core-agent-dom0-updates` if you want to use it as the `UpdateVM`
|
|
(which is normally `sys-firewall`).
|
|
- NetVM, such as the template for `sys-net`: `qubes-core-agent-networking`
|
|
`qubes-core-agent-network-manager` `NetworkManager-wifi`
|
|
`network-manager-applet` `notification-daemon`
|
|
`gnome-keyring` `polkit` `@hardware-support`. If your network devices need
|
|
extra packages for the template to work as a network VM, use the `lspci`
|
|
command to identify the devices, then run `dnf search firmware` (replace
|
|
`firmware` with the appropriate device identifier) to find the needed
|
|
packages and then install them. If you need utilities for debugging and
|
|
analyzing network connections, install `tcpdump` `telnet` `nmap` `nmap-ncat`.
|
|
- [USB qube](/doc/usb-qubes/), such as the template for `sys-usb`:
|
|
`qubes-usb-proxy` to provide USB devices to other Qubes and
|
|
`qubes-input-proxy-sender` to provide keyboard or mouse input to dom0.
|
|
- [VPN
|
|
qube](https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/19061):
|
|
Use the `dnf search "NetworkManager VPN plugin"` command to look up the VPN
|
|
packages you need, based on the VPN technology you'll be using, and install
|
|
them. Some GNOME related packages may be needed as well. After creation of a
|
|
machine based on this template, follow the [VPN
|
|
instructions](https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/19061#set-up-a-proxyvm-as-a-vpn-gateway-using-networkmanager)
|
|
to configure it.
|
|
- `default-mgmt-dvm`: requires `qubes-core-agent-passwordless-root` and
|
|
`qubes-mgmt-salt-vm-connector`.
|
|
|
|
In Qubes 4.0, additional packages from the `qubes-core-agent` suite may be
|
|
needed to make the customized minimal template work properly. These packages
|
|
are:
|
|
|
|
- `qubes-core-agent-nautilus`: This package provides integration with the
|
|
Nautilus file manager (without it, items like "copy to VM/open in disposable"
|
|
will not be shown in Nautilus).
|
|
- `qubes-core-agent-thunar`: This package provides integration with the thunar
|
|
file manager (without it, items like "copy to VM/open in disposable" will not
|
|
be shown in thunar).
|
|
- `qubes-core-agent-dom0-updates`: Script required to handle `dom0` updates.
|
|
Any template on which the qube responsible for 'dom0' updates (e.g.
|
|
`sys-firewall`) is based must contain this package.
|
|
- `qubes-menus`: Defines menu layout.
|
|
- `qubes-desktop-linux-common`: Contains icons and scripts to improve desktop
|
|
experience.
|
|
- `qubes-core-agent-qrexec`: Qubes qrexec agent. Installed by default.
|
|
- `qubes-core-agent-systemd`: Qubes unit files for SystemD init style.
|
|
Installed by default.
|
|
- `qubes-core-agent-passwordless-root`, `polkit`: By default, the Fedora
|
|
minimal template doesn't have passwordless root. These two packages enable
|
|
this feature.
|
|
- `qubes-core-agent-sysvinit`: Qubes unit files for SysV init style or upstart.
|
|
|
|
Also, there are packages to provide additional services:
|
|
|
|
- `qubes-gpg-split`: For implementing split GPG.
|
|
- `qubes-ctap`: For implementing secure forwarding of CTAP messages.
|
|
- `qubes-pdf-converter`: For implementing safe conversion of PDFs.
|
|
- `qubes-img-converter`: For implementing safe conversion of images.
|
|
- `qubes-snapd-helper`: If you want to use snaps in qubes.
|
|
- `thunderbird-qubes`: Additional tools for use in thunderbird.
|
|
- `qubes-app-shutdown-idle`: If you want qubes to automatically shutdown when
|
|
idle.
|
|
- `qubes-mgmt-salt-vm-connector`: If you want to use salt management on the
|
|
template and qubes.
|
|
|
|
You may also wish to consider additional packages from the `qubes-core-agent`
|
|
suite.
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
[here](https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/18999)
|
|
for further information on customizing `fedora-minimal`.
|
|
|
|
#### Logging
|
|
|
|
The `rsyslog` logging service is not installed by default, as all logging is
|
|
instead being handled by the `systemd` journal. Users requiring the `rsyslog`
|
|
service should install it manually.
|
|
|
|
To access the `journald` log, use the `journalctl` command.
|
|
|
|
### Debian
|
|
|
|
The following list provides an overview of which packages are needed for which
|
|
purpose. As usual, the required packages are to be installed in the running
|
|
template with the following command (replace `packages` with a space-delimited
|
|
list of packages to be installed):
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
[user@your-new-clone ~]$ sudo apt install packages
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
- Commonly used utilities: `pciutils` `vim-minimal` `less` `psmisc`
|
|
`gnome-keyring`
|
|
- The `zenity` package is required for interactive dialogs, e.g., file selection
|
|
([#5202](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/5202)) and for using
|
|
the Nautilus menu option to copy some files to other qubes
|
|
([#6801](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/6801)).
|
|
- Audio: `pulseaudio-qubes`
|
|
- Networking: `qubes-core-agent-networking`, and whatever network tools
|
|
you want. N.B. minimal templates do not include any browser.
|
|
- [FirewallVM](/doc/firewall/), such as the template for `sys-firewall`: at
|
|
least `qubes-core-agent-networking`, and also `qubes-core-agent-dom0-updates`
|
|
if you want to use it as the `UpdateVM` (which is normally `sys-firewall`).
|
|
- NetVM, such as the template for `sys-net`: `qubes-core-agent-networking`
|
|
`qubes-core-agent-network-manager`. If your network devices need extra
|
|
packages for a network VM, use the `lspci` command to identify the devices,
|
|
then find the package that provides necessary firmware and install it. If you
|
|
need utilities for debugging and analyzing network connections, install the
|
|
following packages: `tcpdump` `telnet` `nmap` `ncat`.
|
|
- [USB qube](/doc/usb-qubes/), such as the template for `sys-usb`:
|
|
`qubes-usb-proxy` to provide USB devices to other Qubes and
|
|
`qubes-input-proxy-sender` to provide keyboard or mouse input to dom0.
|
|
- Qubes to which USB devices are attached: `libpam-systemd` (Until
|
|
[#7689](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/7689) is fixed, either
|
|
pair it with `qubes-core-agent-passwordless-root` or manually activate the
|
|
user session with `loginctl activate <USER_SESSION_ID>`.)
|
|
- [VPN
|
|
qube](https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/19061):
|
|
You may need to install network-manager VPN packages, depending on the VPN
|
|
technology you'll be using. After creating a machine based on this template,
|
|
follow the [VPN
|
|
howto](https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/19061#set-up-a-proxyvm-as-a-vpn-gateway-using-networkmanager)
|
|
to configure it.
|
|
- `default-mgmt-dvm`: requires `qubes-core-agent-passwordless-root` and
|
|
`qubes-mgmt-salt-vm-connector`.
|
|
- [Yubikey](/doc/yubikey/): You may need to install `xserver-xorg-input-libinput` for 2FA responses to work in web browsers like Firefox.
|
|
- Thumbnails (e.g., file previews in Nautilus): `libgdk-pixbuf2.0-bin` (images),
|
|
`ffmpegthumbnailer` (videos). (Try `apt search thumbnailer` for other file
|
|
types.)
|
|
|
|
In Qubes 4.0, additional packages from the `qubes-core-agent` suite may be
|
|
needed to make the customized minimal template work properly. These packages
|
|
are:
|
|
|
|
- `qubes-core-agent-nautilus`: This package provides integration with the
|
|
Nautilus file manager (without it, items like "copy to VM/open in disposable"
|
|
will not be shown in Nautilus).
|
|
- `qubes-core-agent-thunar`: This package provides integration with the thunar
|
|
file manager (without it, items like "copy to VM/open in disposable" will not
|
|
be shown in thunar).
|
|
- `qubes-core-agent-dom0-updates`: Script required to handle `dom0` updates.
|
|
Any template on which the qube responsible for 'dom0' updates (e.g.
|
|
`sys-firewall`) is based must contain this package.
|
|
- `qubes-menus`: Defines menu layout.
|
|
- `qubes-desktop-linux-common`: Contains icons and scripts to improve desktop
|
|
experience.
|
|
|
|
Also, there are packages to provide additional services:
|
|
|
|
- `qubes-gpg-split`: For implementing split GPG.
|
|
- `qubes-ctap`: For implementing secure forwarding of CTAP messages.
|
|
- `qubes-pdf-converter`: For implementing safe conversion of PDFs.
|
|
- `qubes-img-converter`: For implementing safe conversion of images.
|
|
- `qubes-snapd-helper`: If you want to use snaps in qubes.
|
|
- `qubes-thunderbird`: Additional tools for use in thunderbird.
|
|
- `qubes-app-shutdown-idle`: If you want qubes to automatically shutdown when
|
|
idle.
|
|
- `qubes-mgmt-salt-vm-connector`: If you want to use salt management on the
|
|
template and qubes.
|
|
|
|
Documentation on all of these can be found in the [docs](/doc/).
|
|
|
|
You could, of course, use `qubes-vm-recommended` to automatically install many
|
|
of these, but in that case you are well on the way to a standard Debian
|
|
template.
|
|
|
|
### CentOS
|
|
|
|
The following list provides an overview of which packages are needed for which
|
|
purpose. As usual, the required packages are to be installed in the running
|
|
template with the following command (replace `packages` with a space-delimited
|
|
list of packages to be installed):
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
[user@your-new-clone ~]$ sudo yum install packages
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
- Commonly used utilities: `pciutils` `vim-minimal` `less` `psmisc`
|
|
`gnome-keyring`
|
|
- Audio: `pulseaudio-qubes`.
|
|
- Networking: `qubes-core-agent-networking`, and whatever network tools
|
|
you want. N.B. minimal templates do not include any browser.
|
|
- [FirewallVM](/doc/firewall/), such as the template for `sys-firewall`: at
|
|
least `qubes-core-agent-networking`, and also `qubes-core-agent-dom0-updates`
|
|
if you want to use it as the `UpdateVM` (which is normally `sys-firewall`).
|
|
- NetVM, such as the template for `sys-net`: `qubes-core-agent-networking`
|
|
`qubes-core-agent-network-manager` `NetworkManager-wifi`
|
|
`network-manager-applet` `notification-daemon`
|
|
`gnome-keyring`. If your network devices need extra packages for a network
|
|
VM, use the `lspci` command to identify the devices, then find the package
|
|
that provides necessary firnware and install it. If you need utilities for
|
|
debugging and analyzing network connections, install the following packages:
|
|
`tcpdump` `telnet` `nmap` `nmap-ncat`
|
|
- [USB qube](/doc/usb-qubes/), such as the template for `sys-usb`:
|
|
`qubes-usb-proxy` to provide USB devices to other Qubes and
|
|
`qubes-input-proxy-sender` to provide keyboard or mouse input to dom0.
|
|
- [VPN
|
|
qube](https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/19061):
|
|
You may need to install network-manager VPN packages, depending on the VPN
|
|
technology you'll be using. After creating a machine based on this template,
|
|
follow the [VPN
|
|
howto](https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/19061#set-up-a-proxyvm-as-a-vpn-gateway-using-networkmanager)
|
|
to configure it.
|
|
- `default-mgmt-dvm`: requires `qubes-core-agent-passwordless-root` and
|
|
`qubes-mgmt-salt-vm-connector`.
|
|
|
|
In Qubes 4.0, additional packages from the `qubes-core-agent` suite may be
|
|
needed to make the customized minimal template work properly. These packages
|
|
are:
|
|
|
|
- `qubes-core-agent-nautilus`: This package provides integration with the
|
|
Nautilus file manager (without it, items like "copy to VM/open in disposable"
|
|
will not be shown in Nautilus).
|
|
- `qubes-core-agent-thunar`: This package provides integration with the thunar
|
|
file manager (without it, items like "copy to VM/open in disposable" will not
|
|
be shown in thunar).
|
|
- `qubes-core-agent-dom0-updates`: Script required to handle `dom0` updates.
|
|
Any template on which the qube responsible for 'dom0' updates (e.g.
|
|
`sys-firewall`) is based must contain this package.
|
|
- `qubes-menus`: Defines menu layout.
|
|
- `qubes-desktop-linux-common`: Contains icons and scripts to improve desktop
|
|
experience.
|
|
|
|
Also, there are packages to provide additional services:
|
|
|
|
- `qubes-gpg-split`: For implementing split GPG.
|
|
- `qubes-pdf-converter`: For implementing safe conversion of PDFs.
|
|
- `qubes-img-converter`: For implementing safe conversion of images.
|
|
- `qubes-snapd-helper`: If you want to use snaps in qubes.
|
|
- `qubes-mgmt-salt-vm-connector`: If you want to use salt management on the
|
|
template and qubes.
|
|
|
|
Documentation on all of these can be found in the [docs](/doc/).
|
|
|
|
You could, of course, use `qubes-vm-recommended` to automatically install many
|
|
of these, but in that case you are well on the way to a standard Debian
|
|
template.
|