mirror of
https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc.git
synced 2024-12-19 04:34:42 -05:00
b1ddfdf809
Most pages were using the pattern '/doc/templates/[...]', but some were using the pattern '/doc/template/[...]', which was confusing. This commit unifies on the former.
112 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
112 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
lang: en
|
|
layout: doc
|
|
permalink: /doc/templates/debian/
|
|
redirect_from:
|
|
- /doc/debian/
|
|
- /en/doc/templates/debian/
|
|
- /doc/Templates/Debian/
|
|
- /wiki/Templates/Debian/
|
|
ref: 134
|
|
title: Debian templates
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
The Debian [template](/doc/templates/) is an officially [supported](/doc/supported-releases/#templates) template in Qubes OS.
|
|
This page is about the standard (or "full") Debian template.
|
|
For the minimal version, please see the [Minimal templates](/doc/templates/minimal/) page.
|
|
There is also a [Qubes page on the Debian Wiki](https://wiki.debian.org/Qubes).
|
|
|
|
## Installing
|
|
|
|
To [install](/doc/templates/#installing) a specific Debian template that is not currently installed in your system, use the following command in dom0:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
$ sudo qubes-dom0-update qubes-template-debian-XX
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
(Replace `XX` with the Debian version number of the template you wish to install.)
|
|
|
|
To reinstall a Debian template that is already installed in your system, see [How to Reinstall a template](/doc/reinstall-template/).
|
|
|
|
## After Installing
|
|
|
|
After installing a fresh Debian template, we recommend performing the following steps:
|
|
|
|
1. [Update the template](/doc/software-update-vm/).
|
|
|
|
2. [Switch any app qubes that are based on the old template to the new one](/doc/templates/#switching).
|
|
|
|
3. If desired, [uninstall the old template](/doc/templates/#uninstalling).
|
|
|
|
## Installing software
|
|
|
|
See [How to Install Software](/doc/how-to-install-software/).
|
|
|
|
## Updating
|
|
|
|
For routine daily updates within a given release, see [How to Update](/doc/how-to-update/).
|
|
|
|
## Upgrading
|
|
|
|
There are two ways to upgrade your template to a new Debian release:
|
|
|
|
- **Recommended:** [Install a fresh template to replace the existing one.](#installing) **This option may be simpler for less experienced users.** After you install the new template, redo all desired template modifications and [switch everything that was set to the old template to the new template](/doc/templates/#switching). You may want to write down the modifications you make to your templates so that you remember what to redo on each fresh install. In the old Debian template, see `/var/log/dpkg.log` and `/var/log/apt/history.log` for logs of package manager actions.
|
|
|
|
- **Advanced:** [Perform an in-place upgrade of an existing Debian template.](/doc/templates/debian/in-place-upgrade/) This option will preserve any modifications you've made to the template, **but it may be more complicated for less experienced users.**
|
|
|
|
## Release-specific notes
|
|
|
|
This section contains notes about specific Debian releases.
|
|
|
|
### Debian 10
|
|
|
|
Debian 10 (buster) - minimal:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
[user@dom0 ~]$ sudo qubes-dom0-update --enablerepo=qubes-templates-itl qubes-template-debian-10-minimal
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Debian 10 (buster) - stable:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
[user@dom0 ~]$ sudo qubes-dom0-update --enablerepo=qubes-templates-itl qubes-template-debian-10
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Starting services
|
|
|
|
The Debian way (generally) is to start daemons if they are installed.
|
|
This means that if you install (say) ssh-server in a template, *all* the qubes that use that template will run a ssh server when they start. (They will, naturally, all have the same server key.) This may not be what you want.
|
|
|
|
So be very careful when installing software in Templates - if the daemon spawns outbound connections then there is a serious security risk.
|
|
|
|
In general, a reasonable approach would be, (using ssh as example):
|
|
|
|
- Install the ssh service.
|
|
- `systemctl stop ssh`
|
|
- `systemctl disable ssh`
|
|
- `systemctl mask ssh`
|
|
- Close down template
|
|
|
|
Now the ssh service will **NOT** start in qubes based on this template.
|
|
|
|
Where you **DO** want the service to run, put this in `/rw/config/rc.local`:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
systemctl unmask ssh
|
|
systemctl start ssh
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Don't forget to make the file executable.
|
|
|
|
### Unattended Upgrades
|
|
|
|
Some users have noticed that on upgrading to Stretch, the `unattended-upgrade` package is installed.
|
|
|
|
This package is pulled in as part of a Recommend chain, and can be purged.
|
|
|
|
The lesson is that you should carefully look at what is being installed to your system, particularly if you run `dist-upgrade`.
|
|
|
|
### Package installation errors in Qubes 4.0
|
|
|
|
If some packages throw installation errors, see [this guide.](/doc/vm-troubleshooting/#fixing-package-installation-errors)
|