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qubes-doc/troubleshooting/uefi-troubleshooting.md
Marek Marczykowski-Górecki 0ac02ff40c
Accessing installer Rescue mode on UEFI
2019-02-15 22:21:02 +01:00

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layout title permalink
doc UEFI Troubleshooting /doc/uefi-troubleshooting/

Troubleshooting UEFI related problems

Change installer kernel parameters in UEFI

If you've installed successfully in legacy mode but had to change some kernel parameters for it to work, you should try installing in UEFI mode with the same parameters.

Change the xen configuration on a USB media

  1. Attach the usb disk, mount the EFI partition (second partition available on the disk)
  2. Edit your xen config (xen.cfg/BOOTX64.cfg) changing the kernel key to add your kernel parameters on the boot entry of your choice
  3. Install using your modified boot entry

Change xen configuration directly in an iso image

  1. Get EFI partition boundaries parted Qubes-R4.0-rc4-x86_64.iso unit B print
  2. Using the start address and the size of the EFI partition, setup a loop device for it sudo losetup -o 524288 --sizelimit 30562304 /dev/loop0 Qubes-R4.0-rc4-x86_64.iso
  3. Mount the loop device sudo mount /dev/loop0 /mnt
  4. Edit EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.cfg to add your params to the kernel configuration key
  5. Save your changes, unmount and dd to usb device

Cannot start installation, installation completes successfully but then BIOS loops at boot device selection, hangs at four penguins after choosing "Test media and install Qubes OS" in GRUB menu

There is some common bug in UEFI implementation, affecting mostly Lenovo systems, but probably some others too. You can try existing workaround:

  1. In GRUB menu1, select "Troubleshoot", then "Boot from device", then press e.

  2. At the end of chainloader line add /mapbs /noexitboot.

  3. Perform installation normally, but don't reboot the system at the end yet.

  4. Go to tty2 (Ctrl-Alt-F2).

  5. Enable /mapbs /noexitboot on just installed system. This step differs between Qubes releases:

    For Qubes 3.1:

  6. Execute mount | grep boot/efi and note device name (first column). It should be something like /dev/sda1.

  7. Execute efibootmgr -v, search for Qubes entry and note its number (it should be something like Boot0001 - 0001 is an entry number).

  8. Replace existing Qubes entry with modified one. Replace XXXX with entry number from previous step, /dev/sda with your disk name and -p 1 with /boot/efi partition number):

    efibootmgr -b XXXX -B
efibootmgr -v -c -u -L Qubes -l /EFI/qubes/xen.efi -d /dev/sda -p 1 "placeholder /mapbs /noexitboot"

  9. Compare new entry with the old one (printed in step 6) - it should only differ in additional options at the end, and look probably something like this:

    Boot0001* Qubes HD(1,GPT,partition-guid-here,0x800,0x64000)/File(\EFI\qubes\xen.efi)p.l.a.c.e.h.o.l.d.e.r. ./.m.a.p.b.s. ./.n.o.e.x.i.t.b.o.o.t.

    If instead it looks like:

    Boot0001* Qubes HD(1,0,00000000...0,0x0,0x0)/File(\EFI\qubes\xen.efi)p.l.a.c.e.h.o.l.d.e.r. ./.m.a.p.b.s. ./.n.o.e.x.i.t.b.o.o.t.

    then try passing /dev/sda1 or /dev/nvme0n1p1 or whatever your EFI partition is instead of /dev/sda and -p 1.

  10. Now you can reboot the system by issuing reboot command.

    For Qubes 3.2 or later:

  11. Edit /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.cfg (you can use vi editor) and add to every kernel section:

    mapbs=1
noexitboot=1

    Note: You must add these parameters on two separate new lines (one parameter on each line) at the end of each section that includes a kernel line (i.e., all sections except the first one, since it doesn't have a kernel line).

  12. Now you can reboot the system by issuing reboot command.

System crash/restart when booting installer

Some Dell systems and probably others have another bug in UEFI firmware. And there is another workaround for it:

  1. In GRUB menu1 press e.

  2. At the end of chainloader line add -- efi=attr=uc.

  3. Perform installation normally, but don't reboot the system at the end yet.

  4. Go to tty2 (Ctrl-Alt-F2).

  5. Execute:

     sed -i -e 's/^options=.*/\0 efi=attr=uc/' /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/qubes/xen.cfg

    or if you're installing 3.2 execute:

     sed -i -e 's/^options=.*/\0 efi=attr=uc/' /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.cfg

  6. Now you can reboot the system by issuing reboot command.

1 If you use rEFInd, you can see 3 options regarding the USB installer. Choose "Fallback Boot Loader" to enter the GRUB menu. ↩ ↩

Boot device not recognized after installing

Some firmware will not recognize the default Qubes EFI configuration. As such, it will have to be manually edited to be bootable. This will need to be done after every kernel and Xen update to ensure you use the most recently installed versions.

  1. Copy the /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/ directory to /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/ (the contents of /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT should be identical to /boot/efi/EFI/qubes besides what is described in steps 2 and 3):

    cp -r /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/. /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT

  2. Rename /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/xen.cfg to /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.cfg:

    mv /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/xen.cfg /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.cfg

  3. Copy /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen-*.efi to /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.efi and /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.efi. For example with Xen 4.8.3 (you may need to confirm file overwrite):

    cp /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen-4.8.3.efi /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.efi
cp /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen-4.8.3.efi /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.efi

Installation finished but "Qubes" boot option is missing and xen.cfg is empty

In some cases installer fails to finish EFI setup and leave the system without Qubes-specific EFI configuration. In such a case you need to finish those parts manually. You can do that just after installation (switch to tty2 with Ctrl-Alt-F2), or booting from installation media in "Rescue a Qubes system" mode.

  1. Examine /boot/efi/EFI/qubes (if using Qubes installation media, it's in /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes). You should see 4 files there:

    • xen.cfg (empty, size 0)
    • xen-(xen-version).efi
    • vmlinuz-(kernel-version)
    • initramfs-(kernel-version).img

  2. Copy xen-(xen-version).efi to xen.efi:

    cd /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes
cp xen-*.efi xen.efi

  3. Create xen.cfg with this content (adjust kernel version, and filesystem locations, below values are based on default installation of Qubes 3.2):

    [global]
default=4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64

[4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64]
options=loglvl=all dom0_mem=min:1024M dom0_mem=max:4096M
kernel=vmlinuz-4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/qubes_dom0-root rd.lvm.lv=qubes_dom0/root rd.lvm.lv=qubes_dom0/swap i915.preliminary_hw_support=1 rhgb quiet
ramdisk=initramfs-4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64.img

  4. Create boot entry in EFI firmware (replace /dev/sda with your disk name and -p 1 with /boot/efi partition number):

    efibootmgr -v -c -u -L Qubes -l /EFI/qubes/xen.efi -d /dev/sda -p 1 "placeholder /mapbs /noexitboot"

Installation freezes before getting to Anaconda (Qubes 4.0)

Some systems can freeze with the default UEFI install options. You can try the following to remove noexitboot and mapbs. If you have an Nvidia card, see also Nvidia Troubleshooting.

  1. Follow the steps above to edit the [qubes-verbose] section of your installer's xen.cfg. You want to comment out the mapbs and noexitboot lines. The end result should look like this: 
    [qubes-verbose]
options=console=vga efi=attr=uc
# noexitboot=1
# mapbs=1
kernel=vmlinuz inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=Qubes-R4.0-x86_64 i915.alpha_support=1
ramdisk=initrd.img
  2. Boot the installer and continue to install as normal, but don't reboot the system at the end when prompted.
  3. Go to tty2 (Ctrl-Alt-F2).
  4. Use your preferred text editor (nano works) to edit /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.cfg, verifying the noexitboot and mapbs lines are not present. This is also a good time to make permanent any other changes needed to get the installer to work, such as nouveau.modeset=0. For example: 
    [4.14.18-1.pvops.qubes.x86_64]
options=loglvl=all dom0_mem=min:1024M dom0_mem=max:4096M iommu=no-igfx ucode=scan efi=attr=uc
  5. Go back to tty6 (Ctrl-Alt-F6) and click Reboot.
  6. Continue with setting up default templates and logging in to Qubes.

Installation freezes before getting to Anaconda / disable EFI runtime services

On some early, buggy UEFI implementations, you may need to disable EFI under Qubes completely. This can sometimes be done by switching to legacy mode in your BIOS/UEFI configuration. If that's not an option there, or legacy mode does not work either, you can try the following to add efi=no-rs.

  1. Follow the steps above to edit the [qubes-verbose] section of your installer's xen.cfg. You want to modify the efi=attr=uc setting and comment out the mapbs and noexitboot lines. The end result should look like this: 
    [qubes-verbose]
options=console=vga efi=no-rs
# noexitboot=1
# mapbs=1
kernel=vmlinuz inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=Qubes-R4.0-x86_64 i915.alpha_support=1
ramdisk=initrd.img
  2. Boot the installer and continue to install as normal, until towards the end when you will receive a warning about being unable to create the EFI boot entry. Click continue, but don't reboot the system at the end when prompted.
  3. Go to tty2 (Ctrl-Alt-F2).
  4. Use your preferred text editor (nano works) to edit /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.cfg, adding the efi=no-rs option to the end of the options= line. For example: 
    [4.14.18-1.pvops.qubes.x86_64]
options=loglvl=all dom0_mem=min:1024M dom0_mem=max:4096M iommu=no-igfx ucode=scan efi=no-rs
  5. Execute the following commands: 
    cp -R /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT
mv /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/xen.efi /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.efi
mv /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/xen.cfg /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.cfg
  6. Go back to tty6 (Ctrl-Alt-F6) and click Reboot.
  7. Continue with setting up default templates and logging in to Qubes.

Whenever there is a kernel or Xen update for Qubes, you will need to follow these other steps above because your system is using the fallback UEFI bootloader in [...]/EFI/BOOT instead of directly booting to the Qubes entry under [...]/EFI/qubes.

Accessing installer Rescue mode on UEFI

In UEFI mode installer do not have boot menu, but starts directly the installation wizard. To get into Rescue mode, you need to switch to tty2 (Ctrl+Alt+F2) and then execute:

pkill -9 anaconda
anaconda --rescue