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194 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
194 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: doc
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title: Custom Installation
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permalink: /doc/custom-install/
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redirect_from:
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- /doc/encryption-config/
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---
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Custom Installation
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===================
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In the present context, "custom installation" refers to things like manual
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partitioning, setting up LVM and RAID, and manual LUKS encryption configuration.
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Installer Defaults (R3.2)
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-------------------------
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For reference, these are the defaults for a single disk:
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~~~
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Mount Point: `/`
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Desired Capacity: (your choice)
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Device Type: `LVM`
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Volume Group: `qubes_dom0`
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File System: `ext4`
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Name: `root`
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Mount Point: `/boot`
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Desired Capacity: 500 MiB (recommended)
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Device Type: Standard Partition
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File System: `ext4`
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Mount Point: (none)
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Desired Capacity: 9.44 GiB (recommended)
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Device Type: LVM
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Volume Group: qubes_dom0
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File System: `swap`
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Name: `swap`
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~~~
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Typical Partition Schemes
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-------------------------
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If you want your partition/LVM scheme to look like the Qubes default but
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with a few tweaks, follow these examples. With a single disk, the result
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should look something like this:
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~~~
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NAME TYPE MOUNTPOINT
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sda disk
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├──sda1 part /boot
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└──sda2 part
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└──luks-<UUID> crypt
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├──qubes_dom0-root lvm /
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└──qubes_dom0-swap lvm [SWAP]
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~~~
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If you're using `mdadm` software RAID, it should look something like this:
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~~~
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NAME TYPE MOUNTPOINT
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sda disk
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├──sda1 part
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│ └──md0 raid1 /boot
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└──sda2 part
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└──md1 raid1
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└──luks-<UUID> crypt
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├──qubes_dom0-root lvm /
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└──qubes_dom0-swap lvm [SWAP]
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sdb disk
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├──sdb1 part
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│ └──md0 raid1 /boot
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└──sdb2 part
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└──md1 raid1
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└──luks-<UUID> crypt
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├──qubes_dom0-root lvm /
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└──qubes_dom0-swap lvm [SWAP]
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~~~
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Example: LVM on LUKS on RAID (R3.2)
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-----------------------------------
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Boot into the Qubes installer, then press `ctrl`+`alt`+`F2` to get a virtual
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console.
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1. (Optional) Wipe both disks:
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# hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass pass /dev/sda
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# time hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced pass /dev/sda
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# hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass pass /dev/sdb
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# time hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced pass /dev/sdb
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2. Create desired partitions:
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# fdisk /dev/sda
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<create partitions>
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# fdisk /dev/sdb
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<create partitions>
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3. Create RAID devices:
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# mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=mirror --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
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# mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md1 --level=mirror --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2
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4. Create LUKS encrypted volume:
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# cryptsetup -v --hash sha512 --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 512 --use-random --iter-time 5000 --verify-passphrase luksFormat /dev/md1
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5. Open encrypted volume:
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# cryptsetup open /dev/md1 luks
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6. Create LVM volumes:
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# pvcreate /dev/mapper/luks
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# vgcreate qubes_dom0 /dev/mapper/luks
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# lvcreate -n swap -L 10G qubes_dom0
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# lvcreate -n root -l +100%FREE qubes_dom0
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7. Proceed with installer. At the disk selection screen, select:
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[x] I will configure partitioning.
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[ ] Encrypt my data.
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Continue normally from here.
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Manual Encryption Configuration (R3.1)
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--------------------------------------
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Qubes OS uses full disk encryption (FDE) by default. If you are an advanced
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user who wishes to customize your encryption parameters during installation,
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this page can help.
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The Qubes installer uses `cryptsetup` (LUKS/dm-crypt) under the hood. You can
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configure the encryption options while installing Qubes as follows:
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01. Boot into the installer. Wait for first GUI screen to appear where it asks
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about language/localization .
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02. Press `Ctrl+Alt+F2` on your keyboard to escape to a shell session. (If you
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are on a laptop, and your laptop keyboard does not work properly, you may have
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to plug in a USB keyboard.)
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03. Check and adjust the partitioning on the drive you plan to install to with
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`parted`. For example, you can leave the partition table as `msdos/MBR` type,
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then create a 500 MB ext4 boot partition, a 10 GB swap partition, and use the
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rest of the drive (minus overprovisioning space for SSDs) for the root
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partition.
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04. Run to set the LUKS options as you like and set the passphrase:
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# cryptsetup <options> luksFormat <partition>
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For example:
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# cryptsetup -v --hash sha512 --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 512 --use-random --iter-time 5000 --verify-passphrase luksFormat /dev/sda2
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05. (Optional) Make sure the new container works:
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# cryptsetup open /dev/sda2 test
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# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/test
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# mount /dev/mapper/test /mnt/test
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# umount /dev/mapper/test
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# cryptsetup close test
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06. Everything should be set with the preparation, so press `Ctrl+Alt+F7` to go
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back to the GUI installer.
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07. Continue installing as usual. When you get to the disk
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partitioning/allocation part, pay attention.
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08. When you select the disk, it may complain about only having a few MB of
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space. Uncheck the "Encrypt and ask me about the passphrase later" box and
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press the "Custom" button.
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09. In this menu, you should see the unencrypted boot partition and the encrypted
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LUKS partitions you created earlier. You must unlock the LUKS partition here,
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i.e. enter passphrases.
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10. Set the mount points on these partitions once they are decrypted. (This part
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may be a bit glitchy, but you should be able to get it working after a
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reboot.) For example, set the mount point for the primary LUKS partition as
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`/`. Make sure the "Encrypted" box stays checked and that you check the
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"Format" box (required for the root partition). Similarly, set `/boot` as
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the mount point for the unencrypted boot partition and `swap` as the mount
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point for the swap partition.
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11. Now the install should complete without any other issues. When it's
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finished, you'll have LUKS-encrypted partitions with the options you chose
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above. You can verify this command in dom0:
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# cryptsetup luksDump <partition>
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For example:
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# cryptsetup luksDump /dev/sda2
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