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115 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
115 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: doc
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title: Secondary Storage
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permalink: /doc/secondary-storage/
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redirect_from:
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- /en/doc/secondary-storage/
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- /doc/SecondaryStorage/
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- /wiki/SecondaryStorage/
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---
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Storing AppVMs on Secondary Drives
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==================================
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Suppose you have a fast but small primary SSD and a large but slow secondary HDD.
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You want to store a subset of your AppVMs on the HDD.
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### R4.0 ###
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Qubes 4.0 is more flexible than earlier versions about placing different VMs on different disks.
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For example, you can keep templates on one disk and AppVMs on another, without messy symlinks.
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These steps assume you have already created a separate [volume group](https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/logical_volume_manager_administration/vg_admin#VG_create) and [thin pool](https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/logical_volume_manager_administration/thinly_provisioned_volume_creation) (not thin volume) for your HDD.
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See also [this example](https://www.linux.com/blog/how-full-encrypt-your-linux-system-lvm-luks) if you would like to create an encrypted LVM pool (but note you can use a single logical volume if preferred, and to use the `-T` option on `lvcreate` to specify it is thin). You can find the commands for this example applied to Qubes at the bottom of this R4.0 section.
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First, collect some information in a dom0 terminal:
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sudo pvs
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sudo lvs
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Take note of the VG and thin pool names for your HDD, then register it with Qubes:
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# <pool_name> is a freely chosen pool name
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# <vg_name> is LVM volume group name
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# <thin_pool_name> is LVM thin pool name
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qvm-pool --add <pool_name> lvm_thin -o volume_group=<vg_name>,thin_pool=<thin_pool_name>,revisions_to_keep=2
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Now, you can create qubes in that pool:
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qvm-create -P <pool_name> --label red <vmname>
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It isn't possible to directly migrate an existing qube to the new pool, but you can clone it there, then remove the old one:
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qvm-clone -P <pool_name> <sourceVMname> <cloneVMname>
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qvm-remove <sourceVMname>
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If that was a template, or other qube referenced elsewhere (NetVM or such), you will need to adjust those references manually after moving.
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For example:
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qvm-prefs <appvmname_based_on_old_template> template <new_template_name>
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In theory, you can still use file-based disk images ("file" pool driver), but it lacks some features such as you won't be able to do backups without shutting down the qube.
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#### Example HDD setup ####
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Assuming the secondary hard disk is at /dev/sdb (it will be completely erased), you can set it up for encryption by doing in a dom0 terminal (use the same passphrase as the main Qubes disk to avoid a second password prompt at boot):
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sudo cryptsetup luksFormat --hash=sha512 --key-size=512 --cipher=aes-xts-plain64 --verify-passphrase /dev/sdb
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sudo blkid /dev/sdb
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Note the device's UUID (in this example "b209..."), we will use it as its luks name for auto-mounting at boot, by doing:
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sudo nano /etc/crypttab
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And adding this line (change both "b209..." for your device's UUID from blkid) to crypttab:
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luks-b20975aa-8318-433d-8508-6c23982c6cde UUID=b20975aa-8318-433d-8508-6c23982c6cde none
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Reboot the computer so the new luks device appears at /dev/mapper/luks-b209... and we can then create its pool, by doing this on a dom0 terminal (substitute the b209... UUIDs with yours):
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First create the physical volume
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sudo pvcreate /dev/mapper/luks-b20975aa-8318-433d-8508-6c23982c6cde
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Then create the LVM volume group, we will use for example "qubes" as the <vg_name>:
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sudo vgcreate qubes /dev/mapper/luks-b20975aa-8318-433d-8508-6c23982c6cde
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And then use "poolhd0" as the <thin_pool_name> (LVM thin pool name):
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sudo lvcreate -T -n poolhd0 -l +100%FREE qubes
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Finally we will tell Qubes to add a new pool on the just created thin pool
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qvm-pool --add poolhd0_qubes lvm_thin -o volume_group=qubes,thin_pool=poolhd0,revisions_to_keep=2
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By default VMs will be created on the main Qubes disk (i.e. a small SSD), to create them on this secondary HDD do the following on a dom0 terminal:
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qvm-create -P poolhd0_qubes --label red unstrusted-hdd
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### R3.2 ###
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In dom0:
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mv /var/lib/qubes/appvms/<my-new-appvm> /path/to/secondary/drive/<my-new-appvm>
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ln -s /path/to/secondary/drive/<my-new-appvm> /var/lib/qubes/appvms/
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Now, `my-new-appvm` will behave as if it were still stored on the primary SSD (except that it will probably be slower, since it's actually stored on the secondary HDD).
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* The above procedure does **not** interfere with [Qubes Backup][].
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However, attempting to symlink a `private.img` file (rather than the whole AppVM directory) is known to prevent the `private.img` file from being backed up.
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The same problem may occur if the above procedure is attempted on a [TemplateVM][]. [[1]]
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* After implementing the above procedure, starting `my-new-appvm` will cause dom0 notifications to occur stating that loop devices have been attached to dom0.
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This is normal.
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(No untrusted devices are actually being mounted to dom0.)
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Do not attempt to detach these disks.
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(They will automatically be detached when you shut down the AppVM.) [[2]]
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[Qubes Backup]: /doc/BackupRestore/
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[TemplateVM]: /doc/Templates/
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[1]: https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/EITd1kBHD30/discussion
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[2]: https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/nDrOM7dzLNE/discussion
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