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139 lines
7.4 KiB
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139 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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lang: en
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layout: doc
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permalink: /doc/troubleshooting/updating-debian-and-whonix/
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ref: 98
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title: Updating Debian and Whonix
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---
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# Updating Debian and Whonix
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Despite Qubes shipping with [Debian Templates](/doc/templates/debian/), most of Qubes core components run on Fedora and thus our documentation has better coverage for Fedora. However, Qubes has been working closely with the [Whonix](https://whonix.org) project which is based on Debian.
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This troubleshooting guide is collection of tips about updating Whonix that also pertain to updating the normal Debian package manager. If you plan to use Debian heavily, **we highly recommend you install the Whonix templates and use them to update your normal Debian TemplateVM.**
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*Note: some of the links on this page go to documentation on Whonix's website*
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### Updating Error Messages
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After running the commands to update Debian or Whonix, hopefully everything will complete perfectly.
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~~~
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sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
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~~~
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However, if you see something like the following, then something went wrong.
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~~~
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W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dist/jessie/contrib/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
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W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dist/jessie/non-free/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found
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E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
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Err http://ftp.us.debian.org jessie Release.gpg
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Could not resolve 'ftp.us.debian.org'
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Err http://deb.torproject.org jessie Release.gpg
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Could not resolve 'deb.torproject.org'
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Err http://security.debian.org jessie/updates Release.gpg
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Could not resolve 'security.debian.org'
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Reading package lists... Done
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W: Failed to fetch http://security.debian.org/dists/jessie/updates/Release.gpg Could not resolve 'security.debian.org'
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W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/jessie/Release.gpg Could not resolve 'ftp.us.debian.org'
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W: Failed to fetch http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/dists/jessie/Release.gpg Could not resolve 'deb.torproject.org'
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W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
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~~~
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This could be a temporary Tor exit relay or server failure that should fix itself. Here are some simple things to try:
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- Check if your network connection is functional
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- Try to [change your Tor circuit](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Arm), then try again
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- Running [whonixcheck](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Whonixcheck) might also help diagnose the problem
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Sometimes if you see a message such as:
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~~~
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Could not resolve 'security.debian.org'
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~~~
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It helps to run the following command:
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~~~
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nslookup security.debian.org
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~~~
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And then trying running the `update` and `upgrade` commands again.
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~~~
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sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
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~~~
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*Please note: if you [disabled the Whonix APT Repository](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Whonix-APT-Repository#Disable_Whonix_APT_Repository) you'll have to manually check for new Whonix releases and [manually install them from source code](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Dev/Build_Documentation).*
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### Never Install Unsigned Packages
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If you see something like this:
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~~~
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WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!
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icedove
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Install these packages without verification [y/N]?
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~~~
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Don't proceed! Press `N` and `<enter>`. Running `apt-get update` again should fix it. If not, something is broken or it's a [Man in the middle attack](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Warning#Man-in-the-middle_attacks), which isn't that unlikely, since we are updating over Tor exit relays and some of them are malicious. Try to [change your Tor circuit](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Arm#Arm).
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### Signature Verification Warnings
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There should be none at the moment. If there was such a warning, it would look like this:
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~~~
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W: A error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://deb.torproject.org stable Release: The following signatures were invalid: KEYEXPIRED 1409325681 KEYEXPIRED 1409325681 KEYEXPIRED 1409325681 KEYEXPIRED 1409325681
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~~~
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Even though, `apt-get` will automatically ignore repositories with expired keys or signatures, you will not receive upgrades from that repository. Unless the issue is already known/documented, it should be reported so it can be further investigated.
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There are two possible reasons why this could happen, either there is an issue with the repository that the maintainers have to fix, or you are victim of a [Man-in-the-middle_attacks](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Warning#Man-in-the-middle_attacks). The latter would not be a big issue and might go away after a while automatically or try to [change your Tor circuit](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Arm#Arm)
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In past various apt repositories were signed with expired key. If you want to see how the documentation looked at that point, please click on expand on the right.
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[The Tor Project's apt repository key was expired](https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/ticket/12994). You saw the following warning.
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~~~
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W: A error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://deb.torproject.org stable Release: The following signatures were invalid: KEYEXPIRED 1409325681 KEYEXPIRED 1409325681 KEYEXPIRED 1409325681 KEYEXPIRED 1409325681
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W: Failed to fetch http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/dists/stable/Release
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W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
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~~~
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It had already been [reported](https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/ticket/12994). There was no immediate danger. You could have just ignored it. Just make sure, you never install unsigned packages as explained above.
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If you were to see other signature verification errors, those should be reported, but it shouldn't happen at this time.
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### Changed Configuration Files
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If you see something like the following.
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~~~
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Setting up ifupdown ...
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Configuration file /etc/network/interfaces
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==> Modified (by you or by a script) since installation.
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==> Package distributor has shipped an updated version.
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What would you like to do about it ? Your options are:
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Y or I : install the package maintainer's version
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N or O : keep your currently-installed version
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D : show the differences between the versions
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Z : background this process to examine the situation
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The default action is to keep your current version.
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*** interfaces (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ? N
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~~~
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Be careful. If the updated file isn't coming from Whonix specific package (some are called `whonix-...`), then press `n`. Otherwise anonymity/privacy/security settings deployed with Whonix might get lost. If you are an advanced user and know better, you can of course manually check the difference and merge them.
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How could you find out if the file is coming from a Whonix specific package or not?
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- Whonix specific packages are sometimes called `whonix-...`. In the example above it's saying `Setting up ifupdown ...`, so the file isn't coming from a Whonix specific package. In this case, you should press `n` as advised in the paragraph above.
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- If the package name does include `whonix-...`, it's a Whonix specific package. In that case, your safest bet should be pressing `y`, but then you would lose your customized settings. You can re-add them afterwards. Such conflicts will hopefully rarely happen, if you use [Whonix modular flexible .d style configuration folders](https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Whonix_Configuration_Files).
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