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152 lines
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152 lines
8.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: doc
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title: Disposable VMs
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permalink: /doc/dispvm/
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redirect_from:
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- /en/doc/dispvm/
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- /doc/DisposableVms/
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- /wiki/DisposableVMs/
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---
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Disposable VMs (DispVMs)
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========================
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A Disposable VM (DispVM) is a lightweight VM that can be created quickly and will disappear when closed.
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Disposable VMs are usually created in order to host a single application, like a viewer, editor, or web browser.
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From inside an AppVM, choosing the `Open in Disposable VM` option on a file will launch a DispVM for just that file.
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Changes made to a file opened in a DispVM are passed back to the originating VM.
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This means that you can safely work with untrusted files without risk of compromising your other VMs.
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DispVMs can be launched either directly from Dom0's Start Menu or terminal window, or from within AppVMs.
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While running, DispVMs will appear in Qubes VM Manager with the name `disp####`.
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See [this article](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2010/06/01/disposable-vms.html) for more on why one would want to use a Disposable VM.
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Disposable VMs and Networking (R4.0 and later)
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-----------------------------
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Similarly to how AppVMs are based on their underlying [TemplateVM](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/glossary/#templatevm), DispVMs are based on their underlying [DVM Template](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/glossary/#dvm-template).
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R4.0 introduces the concept of multiple DVM Templates, whereas R3.2 was limited to only one.
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On a fresh installation of Qubes, the default DVM Template is called `fedora-XX-dvm` (where `XX` is the Fedora version of the default TemplateVM).
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If you have included the Whonix option in your install, there will also be a `whonix-ws-dvm` DVM Template available for your use.
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You can set any AppVM to have the ability to act as a DVM Template with:
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qvm-prefs <vmname> template_for_dispvms true
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The default system wide DVM Template can be changed with `qubes-prefs default_dispvm`.
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By combining the two, choosing `Open in Disposable VM` from inside an AppVM will open the document in a DispVM based on the default DVM Template you specified.
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You can change this behaviour for individual VMs: in the Application Menu, open Qube Settings for the VM in question and go to the "Advanced" tab.
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Here you can edit the "Default DispVM" setting to specify which DVM Template will be used to launch DispVMs from that VM.
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This can also be changed from the command line with:
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qvm-prefs <vmname> default_dispvm <dvmtemplatename>
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For example, `anon-whonix` has been set to use `whonix-ws-dvm` as its `default_dispvm`, instead of the system default.
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You can even set an AppVM that has also been configured as a DVM Template to use itself, so DispVMs launched from within the AppVM/DVM Template would inherit the same settings.
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NetVM and firewall rules for DVM Templates can be set as they can for a normal VM.
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By default a DispVM will inherit the NetVM and firewall settings of the DVM Template on which it is based.
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This is a change in behaviour from R3.2, where DispVMs would inherit the settings of the AppVM from which they were launched.
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Therefore, launching a DispVM from an AppVM will result in it using the network/firewall settings of the DVM Template on which it is based.
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For example, if an AppVM uses sys-net as its NetVM, but the default system DispVM uses sys-whonix, any DispVM launched from this AppVM will have sys-whonix as its NetVM.
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**Warning:** The opposite is also true. This means if you have changed anon-whonix's `default_dispvm` to use the system default, and the system default DispVM uses sys-net, launching a DispVM from inside anon-whonix will result in the DispVM using sys-net.
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A Disposable VM launched from the Start Menu inherits the NetVM and firewall settings of the DVM Template on which it is based.
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Note that changing the "NetVM" setting for the system default DVM Template *does* affect the NetVM of DispVMs launched from the Start Menu.
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Different DVM Templates with individual NetVM settings can be added to the Start Menu.
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Disposable VMs and Networking (R3.2 and earlier)
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-----------------------------
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NetVM and firewall rules for Disposable VMs can be set as they can for a normal VM.
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By default a DispVM will inherit the NetVM and firewall settings of the VM from which it is launched.
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Thus if an AppVM uses sys-net as its NetVM, any DispVM launched from this AppVM will also have sys-net as its NetVM.
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You can change this behaviour for individual VMs: in Qubes VM Manager open VM Settings for the VM in question and go to the "Advanced" tab.
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Here you can edit the "NetVM for DispVM" setting to change the NetVM of any DispVM launched from that VM.
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A Disposable VM launched from the Start Menu inherits the NetVM of the [DVM Template](/doc/glossary/#dvm-template).
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By default the DVM template is called `fedora-XX-dvm` (where `XX` is the Fedora version of the default TemplateVM).
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As an "internal" VM it is hidden in Qubes VM Manager, but can be shown by selecting "Show/Hide internal VMs".
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Note that changing the "NetVM for DispVM" setting for the DVM Template does *not* affect the NetVM of DispVMs launched from the Start Menu; only changing the DVM Template's own NetVM does.
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Opening a file in a Disposable VM via GUI
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-----------------------------------------
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In an AppVM's file manager, right click on the file you wish to open in a Disposable VM, then choose "Open in Disposable VM".
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Wait a few seconds and the default application for this file type should appear displaying the file content.
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This app is running in its own dedicated VM -- a Disposable VM created for the purpose of viewing or editing this very file.
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Once you close the viewing application the whole Disposable VM will be destroyed.
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If you have edited the file and saved the changes, the changed file will be saved back to the original AppVM, overwriting the original.
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Opening a fresh web browser instance in a new Disposable VM
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-----------------------------------------------------------
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Sometimes it is desirable to open an instance of Firefox within a new fresh Disposable VM.
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This can be done easily using the Start Menu: just go to **Application Menu -\> DisposableVM -\> DispVM:Firefox web browser**.
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Wait a few seconds until a web browser starts.
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Once you close the viewing application the whole Disposable VM will be destroyed.
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Opening a file in a Disposable VM via command line (from AppVM)
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---------------------------------------------------------------
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Use the `qvm-open-in-dvm` command from a terminal in your AppVM:
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~~~
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[user@work-pub ~]$ qvm-open-in-dvm Downloads/apple-sandbox.pdf
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~~~
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Note that the `qvm-open-in-dvm` process will not exit until you close the application in the Disposable VM.
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Starting an arbitrary program in a Disposable VM from an AppVM
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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Sometimes it can be useful to start an arbitrary program in a DispVM. This can be done from an AppVM by running
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~~~
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[user@vault ~]$ qvm-run '$dispvm' xterm
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~~~
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The created Disposable VM can be accessed via other tools (such as `qvm-copy-to-vm`) using its `disp####` name as shown in the Qubes Manager or `qvm-ls`.
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Starting an arbitrary application in a Disposable VM via command line (from Dom0)
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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The Start Menu has shortcuts for opening a terminal and a web browser in dedicated DispVMs, since these are very common tasks.
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However, it is possible to start an arbitrary application in a DispVM directly from Dom0 by running
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R4.0 (border colour will be inherited from that set in the `dispvm-template`)
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~~~
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[joanna@dom0 ~]$ qvm-run --dispvm=dispvm-template --service qubes.StartApp+xterm
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~~~
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R3.2 (border colour can be specified in the command)
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~~~
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[joanna@dom0 ~]$ echo xterm | /usr/lib/qubes/qfile-daemon-dvm qubes.VMShell dom0 DEFAULT red
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~~~
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(The Disposable VM appmenu used for starting Firefox runs a very similar command to the one above.)
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Customizing Disposable VMs
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--------------------------
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You can change the template used to generate the Disposable VMs, and change settings used in the Disposable VM savefile.
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These changes will be reflected in every new Disposable VM based on that template.
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Full instructions can be found [here](/doc/dispvm-customization/).
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Disposable VMs and Local Forensics
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----------------------------------
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At this time, DispVMs should not be relied upon to circumvent local forensics, as they do not run entirely in RAM.
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For details, see [this thread](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/QwL5PjqPs-4/discussion).
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When it is essential to avoid leaving any trace, consider using [Tails](https://tails.boum.org/).
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