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Suggest USB drives first. For optical media, explicitly suggest dual-layer DVDs and Blu-ray discs rather than just "DVDs."
154 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
154 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: doc
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title: Installation Guide
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permalink: /doc/installation-guide/
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redirect_from:
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- /en/doc/installation-guide/
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- /doc/InstallationGuide/
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- /wiki/InstallationGuide/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR1/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR2B1/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR2B2/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR2B3/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR2rc1/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR2rc2/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR3.0rc1/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR3.0rc2/
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---
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Installation Guide
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==================
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Qubes 4.0.1 Warning
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-------------------
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Immediately after installing Qubes 4.0.1, please upgrade all of your Debian and Whonix TemplateVMs by executing the following commands in a dom0 terminal, as applicable for the templates you chose to install:
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$ sudo qubes-dom0-update --action=upgrade qubes-template-debian-9
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$ sudo qubes-dom0-update --enablerepo=qubes-templates-community --action=upgrade qubes-template-whonix-gw-14
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$ sudo qubes-dom0-update --enablerepo=qubes-templates-community --action=upgrade qubes-template-whonix-ws-14
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These upgrades are required in order to be protected from the APT update mechanism vulnerability that was announced and patched in [QSB #46], which was after the release of Qubes 4.0.1.
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This method is simpler than the method recommended in [QSB #46], but it is just as safe and effective so long as it is performed immediately after installing Qubes OS.
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Hardware Requirements
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---------------------
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Qubes OS has very specific [system requirements].
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To ensure compatibility, we strongly recommend using [Qubes-certified hardware].
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Other hardware may require you to perform significant troubleshooting.
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You may also find it helpful to consult user submissions to the [Hardware Compatibility List].
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**Note:** We don't recommend installing Qubes in a virtual machine! It will
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likely not work. Please don't send emails asking about it. You can, however,
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install it on an external USB hard drive (at least 32 GB) and run from it,
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at least for testing. Bear in mind, however, that such disks are typically
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*orders* of magnitude slower than even the slowest internal hard drives.
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Downloading the ISO
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-------------------
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See the [downloads] page for ISO downloads. Remember, we have absolutely
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no control over those servers, so you should be assuming that they might be
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compromised, or just be serving compromised ISOs because their operators decided
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so, for whatever reason. Always verify the digital signature on the downloaded
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ISO. Make sure to read our guide on [verifying signatures] for more info about
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how to download and verify our PGP keys and verify the downloaded ISO.
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Copying the ISO onto the installation medium
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--------------------------------------------
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Once you verify this is an authentic ISO, you should copy it onto a sufficiently large installation medium, such as a USB drive, dual-layer DVD, or Blu-ray disc.
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(The size of each Qubes ISO is listed on the [downloads] page.)
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Note that there are [security considerations] to keep in mind when choosing an installation medium.
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If you're using a USB drive, then you just need to copy the ISO onto the
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USB device, e.g. using `dd`:
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dd if=Qubes-R3-x86_64.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=1048576 && sync
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Change `Qubes-R3-x86_64.iso` to the filename of the version you're installing,
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and change `/dev/sdX` to the correct target device (e.g., `/dev/sdc`).
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**Warning:** Choosing the wrong device could result in data loss. Make sure to
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write to the entire device (e.g., `/dev/sdc`) rather than just a single
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partition (e.g., `/dev/sdc1`).
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On Windows, you can use the [Rufus] tool. Be sure to select "DD image" mode (you
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need to do that **after** selecting the Qubes ISO):
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**Warning:** If you do that on Windows 10, you can only install Qubes without
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MediaTest, which isn't recommended.
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<img src="/attachment/wiki/InstallationGuide/rufus-main-boxed.png" height="350">
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Before proceeding with the installation, you are encouraged to first read all
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the information on this page. When you're ready, boot your system from the
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installation source and follow the on-screen instructions. The installer is very
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simple and asks very few questions. (It's actually easier to install Qubes right
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now than most other Linux distributions!)
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The installer loads Xen right at the beginning, so chances are high that if you
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can see the installer's graphical screen and you pass the compatibility check that
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runs immediately after that, Qubes will work on your system. :)
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If you're an advanced user, and you'd like to customize your installation, please see [Custom Installation].
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Installing to a USB drive
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-------------------------
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Installing an operating system onto a USB drive can be a convenient and secure
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method of ensuring that your data is protected. Be advised that a minimum
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storage of 32 GB is required on the USB drive. This installation process may
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take longer than an installation on a standard hard disk. The installation
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process is identical to using a hard disk in conjunction with two exceptions:
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* Select the USB as the storage location for the OS.
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* Leave the option checked to “Automatically configure my Qubes installation to
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the disk(s) I selected and return me to the main menu”.
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Upgrading
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---------
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For instructions in upgrading an existing installation, please see [Upgrade Guides].
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Getting Help
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------------
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* We work very hard on making the [documentation] accurate, comprehensive, and
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useful. We urge you to read it! It may very well contain the answers to your
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questions. (Since the documentation is a community effort, we'd also greatly
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appreciate your help in [improving] it!)
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* If you don't find your answer in the documentation, it may be time to consult
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the [mailing lists], as well as the many other available sources of [help].
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* Please do not email individual developers (Marek, etc.) with
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questions about installation or other problems. Please send all such
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questions to the appropriate mailing list.
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[QSB #46]: /news/2019/01/23/qsb-46/
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[system requirements]: /doc/system-requirements/
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[Qubes-certified hardware]: /doc/certified-hardware/
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[Hardware Compatibility List]: /hcl/
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[live USB]: /doc/live-usb/
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[downloads]: /downloads/
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[verifying signatures]: /security/verifying-signatures/
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[security considerations]: /doc/install-security/
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[Custom Installation]: /doc/custom-install/
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[Upgrade Guides]: /doc/upgrade/
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[Rufus]: https://rufus.akeo.ie/
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[documentation]: /doc/
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[improving]: /doc/doc-guidelines/
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[mailing lists]: /support/
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[help]: /help/
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