qubes-doc/troubleshooting/uefi-troubleshooting.md

---
layout: doc
title: UEFI Troubleshooting
permalink: /doc/uefi-troubleshooting/
---

Troubleshooting UEFI related problems
========================================

Change installer kernel parameters in UEFI
---------------------

If you've installed successfully in legacy mode but had to change some kernel parameters for it to work, you should try installing in UEFI mode with the same parameters.

**Change the xen configuration on a USB media**
01. Attach the usb disk, mount the EFI partition (second partition available on the disk) 
02. Edit your xen config (`xen.cfg/BOOTX64.cfg`) changing the `kernel` key to add your kernel parameters on the boot entry of your choice
03. Install using your modified boot entry

**Change xen configuration directly in an iso image**
01. Get EFI partition boundaries `parted Qubes-R4.0-rc4-x86_64.iso unit B print`
02. Using the start address and the size of the EFI partition, setup a loop device for it `sudo losetup -o 524288 --sizelimit 30562304 /dev/loop0 Qubes-R4.0-rc4-x86_64.iso`
03. Mount the loop device `sudo mount /dev/loop0 /mnt`
04. Edit `EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.cfg` to add your params to the `kernel` configuration key
05. Save your changes, unmount and dd to usb device


Cannot start installation, installation completes successfully but then BIOS loops at boot device selection, hangs at four penguins after choosing "Test media and install Qubes OS" in GRUB menu
---------------------

There is some [common bug in UEFI implementation](http://xen.markmail.org/message/f6lx2ab4o2fch35r), affecting mostly Lenovo systems, but probably some others too. You can try existing workaround:

01. In GRUB menu<sup id="a1-1">[1](#f1)</sup>, select "Troubleshoot", then "Boot from device", then press `e`.
02. At the end of `chainloader` line add `/mapbs /noexitboot`.
03. Perform installation normally, but don't reboot the system at the end yet.
04. Go to `tty2` (Ctrl-Alt-F2).
05. Enable `/mapbs /noexitboot` on just installed system. This step differs between Qubes releases:
   
    **For Qubes 3.1:**

06. Execute `mount | grep boot/efi` and note device name (first column). It should be something like `/dev/sda1`.
07. Execute `efibootmgr -v`, search for `Qubes` entry and note its number (it should be something like `Boot0001` - `0001` is an entry number).
08. Replace existing `Qubes` entry with modified one. Replace `XXXX` with entry number from previous step, `/dev/sda` with your disk name and `-p 1` with `/boot/efi` partition number):

        efibootmgr -b XXXX -B
        efibootmgr -v -c -u -L Qubes -l /EFI/qubes/xen.efi -d /dev/sda -p 1 "placeholder /mapbs /noexitboot"

09. Compare new entry with the old one (printed in step 6) - it should only differ in additional options at the end, and look probably something like this:

        Boot0001* Qubes HD(1,GPT,partition-guid-here,0x800,0x64000)/File(\EFI\qubes\xen.efi)p.l.a.c.e.h.o.l.d.e.r. ./.m.a.p.b.s. ./.n.o.e.x.i.t.b.o.o.t.

    If instead it looks like:

        Boot0001* Qubes HD(1,0,00000000...0,0x0,0x0)/File(\EFI\qubes\xen.efi)p.l.a.c.e.h.o.l.d.e.r. ./.m.a.p.b.s. ./.n.o.e.x.i.t.b.o.o.t.

    then try passing `/dev/sda1` or `/dev/nvme0n1p1` or whatever your EFI partition is instead of `/dev/sda` and `-p 1`.

10. Now you can reboot the system by issuing `reboot` command.

    **For Qubes 3.2 or later:**

11. Edit `/mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.cfg` (you can use `vi` editor) and add to every kernel section:
            
        mapbs=1
        noexitboot=1

    **Note:** You must add these parameters on two separate new lines (one
    parameter on each line) at the end of each section that includes a kernel
    line (i.e., all sections except the first one, since it doesn't have a
    kernel line).

12. Now you can reboot the system by issuing `reboot` command.


System crash/restart when booting installer
-------------------------------------------

Some Dell systems and probably others have [another bug in UEFI firmware](http://markmail.org/message/amw5336otwhdxi76). And there is another workaround for it:


1. In GRUB menu<sup id="a1-2">[1](#f1)</sup> press `e`.
2. At the end of `chainloader` line add `-- efi=attr=uc`.
3. Perform installation normally, but don't reboot the system at the end yet.
4. Go to `tty2` (Ctrl-Alt-F2).
5. Execute:

        sed -i -e 's/^options=.*/\0 efi=attr=uc/' /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/qubes/xen.cfg
        
   or if you're installing 3.2 execute:
   
        sed -i -e 's/^options=.*/\0 efi=attr=uc/' /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.cfg

6. Now you can reboot the system by issuing `reboot` command.

* * *
<b name="f1">1</b> If you use rEFInd, you can see 3 options regarding the USB installer. Choose "Fallback Boot Loader" to enter the GRUB menu. [↩](#a1-1) [↩](#a1-2)


Boot device not recognized after installing
------------------------------------------

Some firmware will not recognize the default Qubes EFI configuration. As such,
it will have to be manually edited to be bootable (this will need to be done after
every kernel and Xen update.)

1. Copy `/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/` to `/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/`.
2. Rename `/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/xen.efi` to `/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.efi`.
3. Rename `/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/xen.cfg` to `/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.cfg`.

Installation finished but "Qubes" boot option is missing and xen.cfg is empty
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In some cases installer fails to finish EFI setup and leave the system without
Qubes-specific EFI configuration. In such a case you need to finish those parts
manually. You can do that just after installation (switch to `tty2` with
Ctrl-Alt-F2), or booting from installation media in "Rescue a Qubes system" mode.

1. Examine `/boot/efi/EFI/qubes` (if using Qubes installation media, it's in `/mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes`). You should see 4 files there:

    - xen.cfg (empty, size 0)
    - xen-(xen-version).efi
    - vmlinuz-(kernel-version)
    - initramfs-(kernel-version).img

2. Copy `xen-(xen-version).efi` to `xen.efi`:

       cd /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes
       cp xen-*.efi xen.efi

3. Create xen.cfg with this content (adjust kernel version, and filesystem
   locations, below values are based on default installation of Qubes 3.2):


       [global]
       default=4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64

       [4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64]
       options=loglvl=all dom0_mem=min:1024M dom0_mem=max:4096M
       kernel=vmlinuz-4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/qubes_dom0-root rd.lvm.lv=qubes_dom0/root rd.lvm.lv=qubes_dom0/swap i915.preliminary_hw_support=1 rhgb quiet
       ramdisk=initramfs-4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64.img

4. Create boot entry in EFI firmware (replace `/dev/sda` with your disk name and `-p 1` with `/boot/efi` partition number):

       efibootmgr -v -c -u -L Qubes -l /EFI/qubes/xen.efi -d /dev/sda -p 1 "placeholder /mapbs /noexitboot"

Installation freezes before getting to Anaconda
-----------------------------------------------

On some early, buggy UEFI implementations, you may need to disable EFI under Qubes completely.
This can sometimes be done by switching to legacy mode in your BIOS/UEFI configuration.
If that's not an option there, or legacy mode does not work either, you can try the following to add `efi=no-rs`.

1. Follow the [steps above](/doc/uefi-troubleshooting/#change-installer-kernel-parameters-in-uefi) to edit the `[qubes-verbose]` section of your installer's `xen.cfg`.
   You want to modify the `efi=attr=uc` setting and comment out the `mapbs` and `noexitboot` lines.
   The end result should look like this:
   ~~~
   [qubes-verbose]
   options=console=vga efi=no-rs
   # noexitboot=1
   # mapbs=1
   kernel=vmlinuz inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=Qubes-R4.0-x86_64 i915.alpha_support=1
   ramdisk=initrd.img
   ~~~
2. Boot the installer and continue to install as normal, until towards the end when you will receive a warning about being unable to create the EFI boot entry.
   Click continue, but don't reboot the system at the end when prompted.
3. Go to `tty2` (Ctrl-Alt-F2).
4. Use your preferred text editor (`nano` works) to edit `/mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.cfg`, adding the `efi=no-rs` option to the end of the `options=` line.
   For example:
   ~~~
   [4.14.18-1.pvops.qubes.x86_64]
   options=loglvl=all dom0_mem=min:1024M dom0_mem=max:4096M iommu=no-igfx ucode=scan efi=no-rs
   ~~~
5. Execute the following commands:
   ~~~
   cp -R /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT
   mv /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/xen.efi /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.efi
   mv /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/xen.cfg /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.cfg
   ~~~
6. Go back to `tty6` (Ctrl-Alt-F6) and click `Reboot`.
7. Continue with setting up default templates and logging in to Qubes.

Whenever there is a kernel or Xen update for Qubes, you will need to follow these [other steps above](/doc/uefi-troubleshooting/#boot-device-not-recognized-after-installing) because your system is using the fallback UEFI bootloader in `[...]/EFI/BOOT` instead of directly booting to the Qubes entry under `[...]/EFI/qubes`.