privacyguides.org/i18n/ru/vpn.md

title	icon
VPN сервисы	material/vpn

Найдите VPN-оператора, который не занимается продажей или чтением вашего веб-трафика.

??? danger "VPN не обеспечивает анонимность"

Использование VPN **не обеспечивает** анонимность ваших привычек при просмотре веб-страниц, а также **не прибавляет** безопасности при использовании незащищенного (HTTP) трафика.

Если вам нужна **анонимность**, вам следует использовать браузер Tor **вместо** VPN.

Если вам нужна дополнительная **безопасность**, убедитесь, что вы подключаетесь к веб-сайтам, используя [HTTPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPS). VPN не является заменой полезных привычек для обеспечения безопасности.

[Download Tor](https://www.torproject.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [Tor Myths & FAQ](advanced/tor-overview.md){ .md-button }

??? info "Когда полезны VPN сервисы?"

Если вам нужна дополнительная **приватность** от вашего провайдера, в публичных сетях Wi-Fi или во время скачивания торрентов, VPN может быть правильным решением для вас, если вы понимаете связанные с этим риски.

[Подробнее](#vpn-overview){ .md-button }

Рекомендованные провайдеры

!!! example "Критерии"

Рекомендуемые нами провайдеры находятся за пределами США, используют шифрование, принимают Monero, поддерживают WireGuard и OpenVPN и не сохраняют логи вашего трафика. Для дополнительной информации ознакомьтесь с нашим [полным списком критериев](#our-criteria).

Mullvad

!!! recommendation annotate

![Логотип Mullvad](/assets/img/vpn/mullvad.svg#only-light){ align=right }
![Логотип Mullvad](/assets/img/vpn/mullvad-dark.svg#only-dark){ align=right }

**Mullvad** - это быстрый и недорогой VPN с серьезным акцентом на прозрачность и безопасность. Они работают с **2009 года**.

Mullvad базируется в Швеции и не имеет бесплатной пробной версии. downloads

    - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.protonvpn.android)
    - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1437005085)
    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/ProtonVPN/android-app/releases)
    - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://protonvpn.com/download-windows)
    - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://protonvpn.com/support/linux-vpn-setup/)

??? check "35 Стран"

На момент написания этой страницы Mullvad имеет [серверы в 35 странах](https://mullvad.net/en/servers/). Выбор VPN-провайдера с ближайшим к вам сервером позволит снизить задержку передаваемого вами сетевого трафика. Это происходит из-за более короткого маршрута (меньше промежуточных серверов) до пункта назначения.

We also think it's better for the security of the VPN provider's private keys if they use [dedicated servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), instead of cheaper shared solutions (with other customers) such as [virtual private servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).

1. Last checked: 2022-09-16

??? check "Независимо проверены"

VPN-клиенты Mullvad были проверены компаниями Cure53 и Assured AB в отчете по пентесту [опубликовано на сайте cure53.de] (https://cure53.de/pentest-report_mullvad_v2.pdf). Исследователи безопасности заключили:

> Cure53 и Assured AB довольны результатами аудита, и программное обеспечение оставляет общее положительное впечатление. Учитывая преданность безопасности в команде Mullvad VPN, проверяющие не сомневаются, что проект находится на правильном пути с точки зрения безопасности. You can view individual reports for each platform at [protonvpn.com](https://protonvpn.com/blog/open-source/). In April 2022 Proton VPN underwent [another audit](https://protonvpn.com/blog/no-logs-audit/) and the report was [produced by Securitum](https://protonvpn.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/securitum-protonvpn-nologs-20220330.pdf). A [letter of attestation](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) was provided for Proton VPN's apps on 9th November 2021 by [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com).

??? check "Клиенты с открытым исходным кодом"

Proton VPN provides the source code for their desktop and mobile clients in their [GitHub organization](https://github.com/ProtonVPN).

??? check "Принимает наличные"

Proton VPN, in addition to accepting credit/debit cards and PayPal, accepts Bitcoin, and **cash/local currency** as anonymous forms of payment.

??? check "Поддержка WireGuard"

Mullvad поддерживает протокол WireGuard®. [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com)[^1] - это более новый протокол, использующий самую современную [криптографию](https://www.wireguard.com/protocol/). Кроме того, WireGuard стремится быть более простым и производительным.

Mullvad [рекомендует](https://mullvad.net/en/help/why-wireguard/) использовать WireGuard в их продукте. On Proton VPN's Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, ChromeOS, and Android TV apps, WireGuard is the default protocol; however, [support](https://protonvpn.com/support/how-to-change-vpn-protocols/) for the protocol is not present in their Linux app.

??? warning "Remote Port Forwarding"

Proton VPN currently only supports remote [port forwarding](https://protonvpn.com/support/port-forwarding/) on Windows, which may impact some applications. Especially Peer-to-peer applications like Torrent clients.

??? success "Mobile Clients"

In addition to providing standard OpenVPN configuration files, Proton VPN has mobile clients for [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/protonvpn-fast-secure-vpn/id1437005085), [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.protonvpn.android&hl=en_US), and [GitHub](https://github.com/ProtonVPN/android-app/releases) allowing for easy connections to their servers.

??? info "Additional Functionality"

Proton VPN clients support two factor authentication on all platforms except Linux at the moment. Proton VPN has their own servers and datacenters in Switzerland, Iceland and Sweden. They offer adblocking and known malware domains blocking with their DNS service. Additionally, Proton VPN also offers "Tor" servers allowing you to easily connect to onion sites, but we still strongly recommend using [the official Tor Browser](https://www.torproject.org/) for this purpose.

!!! danger "Killswitch feature is broken on Intel-based Macs"

System crashes [may occur](https://protonvpn.com/support/macos-t2-chip-kill-switch/) on Intel-based Macs when using the VPN killswitch. If you require this feature, and you are using a Mac with Intel chipset, you should consider using another VPN service.

IVPN

!!! recommendation

![IVPN logo](assets/img/vpn/ivpn.svg){ align=right }

**IVPN** is another premium VPN provider, and they have been in operation since 2009. Выбор VPN-провайдера с ближайшим к вам сервером позволит снизить задержку передаваемого вами сетевого трафика.

Это происходит из-за более короткого маршрута (меньше промежуточных серверов) до пункта назначения. downloads

    - [:simple-android: Android](https://www.ivpn.net/apps-android/)
    - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/ivpn-serious-privacy-protection/id1193122683)
    - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://www.ivpn.net/apps-windows/)
    - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://www.ivpn.net/apps-macos/)
    - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://www.ivpn.net/apps-linux/)

??? check "Независимо проверены"

IVPN has [servers in 35 countries](https://www.ivpn.net/server-locations) (1). Выбор VPN-провайдера с ближайшим к вам сервером позволит снизить задержку передаваемого вами сетевого трафика. Это происходит из-за более короткого маршрута (меньше промежуточных серверов) до пункта назначения.

We also think it's better for the security of the VPN provider's private keys if they use [dedicated servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), instead of cheaper shared solutions (with other customers) such as [virtual private servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).

1. Last checked: 2022-09-16

??? check "Независимо проверены"

IVPN has undergone a [no-logging audit from Cure53](https://cure53.de/audit-report_ivpn.pdf) which concluded in agreement with IVPN's no-logging claim. IVPN has also completed a [comprehensive pentest report Cure53](https://cure53.de/summary-report_ivpn_2019.pdf) in January 2020. IVPN has also said they plan to have [annual reports](https://www.ivpn.net/blog/independent-security-audit-concluded) in the future. A further review was conducted [in April 2022](https://www.ivpn.net/blog/ivpn-apps-security-audit-2022-concluded/) and was produced by Cure53 [on their website](https://cure53.de/pentest-report_IVPN_2022.pdf).

??? check "Клиенты с открытым исходным кодом"

As of February 2020 [IVPN applications are now open-source](https://www.ivpn.net/blog/ivpn-applications-are-now-open-source). Source code can be obtained from their [GitHub organization](https://github.com/ivpn).

??? check "Принимает наличные"

In addition to accepting credit/debit cards and PayPal, IVPN accepts Bitcoin, **Monero** and **cash/local currency** (on annual plans) as anonymous forms of payment.

??? check "Поддержка WireGuard"

IVPN supports the WireGuard® protocol. [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com)[^1] - это более новый протокол, использующий самую современную [криптографию](https://www.wireguard.com/protocol/). Кроме того, WireGuard стремится быть более простым и производительным.

IVPN [recommends](https://www.ivpn.net/wireguard/) the use of WireGuard with their service and, as such, the protocol is the default on all of IVPN's apps. IVPN also offers a WireGuard configuration generator for use with the official WireGuard [apps](https://www.wireguard.com/install/).

??? success "Remote Port Forwarding"

Remote [port forwarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding) is possible with a Pro plan. Port forwarding [can be activated](https://www.ivpn.net/knowledgebase/81/How-do-I-activate-port-forwarding.html) via the client area. Port forwarding is only available on IVPN when using WireGuard or OpenVPN protocols and is [disabled on US servers](https://www.ivpn.net/knowledgebase/116/Port-forwarding-is-not-working-why.html).

??? success "Mobile Clients"

In addition to providing standard OpenVPN configuration files, IVPN has mobile clients for [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ivpn-serious-privacy-protection/id1193122683), [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.ivpn.client), and [GitHub](https://github.com/ivpn/android-app/releases) allowing for easy connections to their servers.

??? info "Additional Functionality"

IVPN clients support two factor authentication (Mullvad's clients do not). IVPN also provides "[AntiTracker](https://www.ivpn.net/antitracker)" functionality, which blocks advertising networks and trackers from the network level.

Mullvad

!!! recommendation

![Mullvad logo](assets/img/vpn/mullvad.svg){ align=right }

**Mullvad** is a fast and inexpensive VPN with a serious focus on transparency and security. Выбор VPN-провайдера с ближайшим к вам сервером позволит снизить задержку передаваемого вами сетевого трафика. Это происходит из-за более короткого маршрута (меньше промежуточных серверов) до пункта назначения.

[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://mullvad.net){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
[:simple-torbrowser:](http://o54hon2e2vj6c7m3aqqu6uyece65by3vgoxxhlqlsvkmacw6a7m7kiad.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://mullvad.net/en/help/privacy-policy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
[:octicons-info-16:](https://mullvad.net/en/help/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/mullvad){ .card-link title="Source Code" }

??? downloads

    - [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.mullvad.mullvadvpn)
    - [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/mullvad-vpn/id1488466513)
    - [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/mullvad/mullvadvpn-app/releases)
    - [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://mullvad.net/en/download/windows/)
    - [:simple-apple: macOS](https://mullvad.net/en/download/macos/)
    - [:simple-linux: Linux](https://mullvad.net/en/download/linux/)

??? check "Независимо проверены"

Mullvad has [servers in 41 countries](https://mullvad.net/servers/) (1). Выбор VPN-провайдера с ближайшим к вам сервером позволит снизить задержку передаваемого вами сетевого трафика. Это происходит из-за более короткого маршрута (меньше промежуточных серверов) до пункта назначения.

We also think it's better for the security of the VPN provider's private keys if they use [dedicated servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), instead of cheaper shared solutions (with other customers) such as [virtual private servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).

1. Last checked: 2023-01-19

??? check "Независимо проверены"

Mullvad's VPN clients have been audited by Cure53 and Assured AB in a pentest report [published at cure53.de](https://cure53.de/pentest-report_mullvad_v2.pdf). The security researchers concluded:

> Cure53 and Assured AB are happy with the results of the audit and the software leaves an overall positive impression. With security dedication of the in-house team at the Mullvad VPN compound, the testers have no doubts about the project being on the right track from a security standpoint.

In 2020 a second audit [was announced](https://mullvad.net/blog/2020/6/25/results-available-audit-mullvad-app/) and the [final audit report](https://cure53.de/pentest-report_mullvad_2020_v2.pdf) was made available on Cure53's website:

> The results of this May-June 2020 project targeting the Mullvad complex are quite positive. [...] The overall application ecosystem used by Mullvad leaves a sound and structured impression. The overall structure of the application makes it easy to roll out patches and fixes in a structured manner. More than anything, the findings spotted by Cure53 showcase the importance of constantly auditing and re-assessing the current leak vectors, in order to always ensure privacy of the end-users. With that being said, Mullvad does a great job protecting the end-user from common PII leaks and privacy related risks.

In 2021 an infrastructure audit [was announced](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2021/1/20/no-pii-or-privacy-leaks-found-cure53s-infrastructure-audit/) and the [final audit report](https://cure53.de/pentest-report_mullvad_2021_v1.pdf) was made available on Cure53's website. Another report was commissioned [in June 2022](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2022/6/22/vpn-server-audit-found-no-information-leakage-or-logging-of-customer-data/) and is available on [Assured's website](https://www.assured.se/publications/Assured_Mullvad_relay_server_audit_report_2022.pdf).

??? check "Клиенты с открытым исходным кодом"

Mullvad provides the source code for their desktop and mobile clients in their [GitHub organization](https://github.com/mullvad/mullvadvpn-app).

??? check "Принимает наличные"

Mullvad, in addition to accepting credit/debit cards and PayPal, accepts Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, **Monero** and **cash/local currency** as anonymous forms of payment. [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com)[^1] - это более новый протокол, использующий самую современную [криптографию](https://www.wireguard.com/protocol/).

??? check "Поддержка WireGuard"

Mullvad supports the WireGuard® protocol. [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com)[^1] - это более новый протокол, использующий самую современную [криптографию](https://www.wireguard.com/protocol/). Кроме того, WireGuard стремится быть более простым и производительным.

Mullvad [recommends](https://mullvad.net/en/help/why-wireguard/) the use of WireGuard with their service. It is the default or only protocol on Mullvad's Android, iOS, macOS, and Linux apps, but on Windows you have to [manually enable](https://mullvad.net/en/help/how-turn-wireguard-mullvad-app/) WireGuard. Mullvad also offers a WireGuard configuration generator for use with the official WireGuard [apps](https://www.wireguard.com/install/).

??? check "Поддержка WireGuard"

Mullvad supports the future of networking [IPv6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6). Their network allows you to [access services hosted on IPv6](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2014/9/15/ipv6-support/) as opposed to other providers who block IPv6 connections.

??? success "Remote Port Forwarding"

Remote [port forwarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding) is allowed for people who make one-time payments, but not allowed for accounts with a recurring/subscription-based payment method. This is to prevent Mullvad from being able to identify you based on your port usage and stored subscription information. See [Port forwarding with Mullvad VPN](https://mullvad.net/help/port-forwarding-and-mullvad/) for more information.

??? success "Mobile Clients"

Mullvad has published [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/mullvad-vpn/id1488466513) and [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.mullvad.mullvadvpn) clients, both supporting an easy-to-use interface as opposed to requiring you to manually configure your WireGuard connection. The Android client is also available on [GitHub](https://github.com/mullvad/mullvadvpn-app/releases).

??? info "Additional Functionality"

Mullvad is very transparent about which nodes they [own or rent](https://mullvad.net/en/servers/). They use [ShadowSocks](https://shadowsocks.org/) in their ShadowSocks + OpenVPN configuration, making them more resistant against firewalls with [Deep Packet Inspection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection) trying to block VPNs. Supposedly, [China has to use a different method to block ShadowSocks servers](https://github.com/net4people/bbs/issues/22). Mullvad's website is also accessible via Tor at [o54hon2e2vj6c7m3aqqu6uyece65by3vgoxxhlqlsvkmacw6a7m7kiad.onion](http://o54hon2e2vj6c7m3aqqu6uyece65by3vgoxxhlqlsvkmacw6a7m7kiad.onion).

Criteria

!!! recommendation

It is important to note that using a VPN provider will not make you anonymous, but it will give you better privacy in certain situations. A VPN is not a tool for illegal activities. Don't rely on a "no log" policy.

Please note we are not affiliated with any of the providers we recommend. This allows us to provide completely objective recommendations. In addition to our standard criteria, we have developed a clear set of requirements for any VPN provider wishing to be recommended, including strong encryption, independent security audits, modern technology, and more. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing a VPN provider, and conduct your own research to ensure the VPN provider you choose is as trustworthy as possible.

Technology

We require all our recommended VPN providers to provide OpenVPN configuration files to be used in any client. If a VPN provides their own custom client, we require a killswitch to block network data leaks when disconnected.

Minimum to Qualify:

• Support for strong protocols such as WireGuard & OpenVPN.
• Killswitch built in to clients.
• Multihop support. Multihopping is important to keep data private in case of a single node compromise.
• If VPN clients are provided, they should be open-source, like the VPN software they generally have built into them. We believe that source code availability provides greater transparency about what your device is actually doing.

Best Case:

• WireGuard and OpenVPN support.
• Killswitch with highly configurable options (enable/disable on certain networks, on boot, etc.)
• Easy-to-use VPN clients
• Supports IPv6. We expect that servers will allow incoming connections via IPv6 and allow you to access services hosted on IPv6 addresses.
• Capability of remote port forwarding assists in creating connections when using P2P (Peer-to-Peer) file sharing software or hosting a server (e.g., Mumble).

Privacy

We prefer our recommended providers to collect as little data as possible. Not collecting personal information on registration, and accepting anonymous forms of payment are required.

Minimum to Qualify:

• Monero or cash payment option.
• No personal information required to register: Only username, password, and email at most.

Best Case:

• Accepts Monero, cash, and other forms of anonymous payment options (gift cards, etc.)
• No personal information accepted (autogenerated username, no email required, etc.)

Security

A VPN is pointless if it can't even provide adequate security. We require all our recommended providers to abide by current security standards for their OpenVPN connections. Ideally, they would use more future-proof encryption schemes by default. We also require an independent third-party to audit the provider's security, ideally in a very comprehensive manner and on a repeated (yearly) basis.

Minimum to Qualify:

• Strong Encryption Schemes: OpenVPN with SHA-256 authentication; RSA-2048 or better handshake; AES-256-GCM or AES-256-CBC data encryption.
• Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS).
• Published security audits from a reputable third-party firm.

Best Case:

• Strongest Encryption: RSA-4096.
• Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS).
• Comprehensive published security audits from a reputable third-party firm.
• Bug-bounty programs and/or a coordinated vulnerability-disclosure process.

Trust

You wouldn't trust your finances to someone with a fake identity, so why trust them with your internet data? We require our recommended providers to be public about their ownership or leadership. We also would like to see frequent transparency reports, especially in regard to how government requests are handled.

Minimum to Qualify:

• Public-facing leadership or ownership.

Best Case:

• Public-facing leadership.
• Frequent transparency reports.

Marketing

With the VPN providers we recommend we like to see responsible marketing.

Minimum to Qualify:

• Must self-host analytics (i.e., no Google Analytics). The provider's site must also comply with DNT (Do Not Track) for people who want to opt-out.

Must not have any marketing which is irresponsible:

• Making guarantees of protecting anonymity 100%. When someone makes a claim that something is 100% it means there is no certainty for failure. We know people can quite easily deanonymize themselves in a number of ways, e.g.:
  • Reusing personal information (e.g., email accounts, unique pseudonyms, etc) that they accessed without anonymity software (Tor, VPN, etc.)
  • Browser fingerprinting
• Claim that a single circuit VPN is "more anonymous" than Tor, which is a circuit of three or more hops that regularly changes.
• Use responsible language: i.e., it is okay to say that a VPN is "disconnected" or "not connected", however claiming that someone is "exposed", "vulnerable" or "compromised" is needless use of alarming language that may be incorrect. For example, that person might simply be on another VPN provider's service or using Tor.

Best Case:

Responsible marketing that is both educational and useful to the consumer could include:

• An accurate comparison to when Tor should be used instead.
• Availability of the VPN provider's website over a .onion service

Additional Functionality

While not strictly requirements, there are some factors we looked into when determining which providers to recommend. These include adblocking/tracker-blocking functionality, warrant canaries, multihop connections, excellent customer support, the number of allowed simultaneous connections, etc.

--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.ru.txt"