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| The Best Password Managers to Protect Your Privacy and Security - Privacy Guides | Password Managers | material/form-textbox-password | Password managers allow you to securely store and manage passwords and other credentials. | passwords.webp |
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Password managers allow you to securely store and manage passwords and other credentials with the use of a master password.
Introduction to Passwords :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:
Info
Built-in password managers in software like browsers and operating systems are sometimes not as good as dedicated password manager software. The advantage of a built-in password manager is good integration with the software, but it can often be very simple and lack privacy and security features standalone offerings have.
For example, the password manager in Microsoft Edge doesn't offer E2EE at all. Google's password manager has optional E2EE, and Apple's offers E2EE by default.
Cloud-based
These password managers sync your passwords to a cloud server for easy accessibility from all your devices and safety against device loss.
Bitwarden
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Bitwarden is a free and open-source password and passkey manager. It aims to solve password management problems for individuals, teams, and business organizations. Bitwarden is among the best and safest solutions to store all of your logins and passwords while conveniently keeping them synced between all of your devices.
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Bitwarden also features Bitwarden Send, which allows you to share text and files securely with end-to-end encryption. A password can be required along with the send link. Bitwarden Send also features automatic deletion.
You need the Premium Plan to be able to share files. The free plan only allows text sharing.
Bitwarden's server-side code is open source, so if you don't want to use the Bitwarden cloud, you can easily host your own Bitwarden sync server.
Vaultwarden is an alternative implementation of Bitwarden's sync server written in Rust and compatible with official Bitwarden clients, perfect for self-hosted deployment where running the official resource-heavy service might not be ideal. If you are looking to self-host Bitwarden on your own server, you almost certainly want to use Vaultwarden over Bitwarden's official server code.
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Proton Pass
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Proton Pass is an open-source, end-to-end encrypted password manager developed by Proton, the team behind Proton Mail. It securely stores your login credentials, generates unique email aliases, supports and stores passkeys, and offers a community-funded, Swiss-based service with strict data privacy laws.
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With the acquisition of SimpleLogin in April 2022, Proton has offered a "hide-my-email" feature that lets you create 10 aliases (free plan) or unlimited aliases (paid plans).
Proton Pass currently doesn't have any "master password" functionality, which means that your vault is protected with the password for your Proton account and any of their supported two factor authentication methods.
The Proton Pass mobile apps and browser extension underwent an audit performed by Cure53 throughout May and June of 2023. The security analysis company concluded:
Proton Pass apps and components leave a rather positive impression in terms of security.
All issues were addressed and fixed shortly after the report.
1Password
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1Password is a password manager with a strong focus on security and ease-of-use, which allows you to store passwords, passkeys, credit cards, software licenses, and any other sensitive information in a secure digital vault. Your vault is hosted on 1Password's servers for a monthly fee. 1Password is audited on a regular basis and provides exceptional customer support. 1Password is closed source; however, the security of the product is thoroughly documented in their security white paper.
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Traditionally, 1Password has offered the best password manager user experience for people using macOS and iOS; however, it has now achieved feature-parity across all platforms. It boasts many features geared towards families and less technical people, as well as advanced functionality.
Your 1Password vault is secured with both your master password and a randomized 34-character security key to encrypt your data on their servers. This security key adds a layer of protection to your data because your data is secured with high entropy regardless of your master password. Many other password manager solutions are entirely reliant on the strength of your master password to secure your data.
One advantage 1Password has over Bitwarden is its first-class support for native clients. While Bitwarden relegates many duties, especially account management features, to their web vault interface, 1Password makes nearly every feature available within its native mobile or desktop clients. 1Password's clients also have a more intuitive UI, which makes them easier to use and navigate.
Psono
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Psono is a free and open-source password manager from Germany, with a focus on password management for teams. Psono supports secure sharing of passwords, files, bookmarks, and emails. All secrets are protected by a master password.
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Psono provides extensive documentation for their product. The web-client for Psono can be self-hosted; alternatively, you can choose the full Community Edition or the Enterprise Edition with additional features.
Criteria
Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend. In addition to our standard criteria, we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
Minimum Requirements
- Must utilize strong, standards-based/modern E2EE.
- Must have thoroughly documented encryption and security practices.
- Must have a published audit from a reputable, independent third-party.
- All non-essential telemetry must be optional.
- Must not collect more PII than is necessary for billing purposes.
Best-Case
Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
- Telemetry should be opt-in (disabled by default) or not collected at all.
- Should be open source and reasonably self-hostable.
Local Storage
These options allow you to manage an encrypted password database locally.
KeePassXC
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KeePassXC is a community fork of KeePassX, a native cross-platform port of KeePass Password Safe, with the goal to extend and improve it with new features and bugfixes to provide a feature-rich, cross-platform and modern open-source password manager.
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KeePassXC stores its export data as CSV files. This may mean data loss if you import this file into another password manager. We advise you check each record manually.
KeePassDX (Android)
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KeePassDX is a lightweight password manager for Android, allows editing encrypted data in a single file in KeePass format and can fill in the forms in a secure way. Contributor Pro allows unlocking cosmetic content and non-standard protocol features, but more importantly, it helps and encourages development.
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Strongbox (iOS & macOS)
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Strongbox is a native, open-source password manager for iOS and macOS. Supporting both KeePass and Password Safe formats, Strongbox can be used in tandem with other password managers, like KeePassXC, on non-Apple platforms. By employing a freemium model, Strongbox offers most features under its free tier with more convenience-oriented features—such as biometric authentication—locked behind a subscription or perpetual license.
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Downloads
Additionally, there is an offline-only version offered: Strongbox Zero. This version is stripped down in an attempt to reduce attack surface.
gopass (CLI)
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gopass is a minimal password manager for the command line written in Go. It can be used within scripting applications and works on all major desktop and server operating systems (Linux, macOS, BSD, Windows).
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Criteria
Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend. In addition to our standard criteria, we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
- Must be cross-platform.