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140 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
140 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "چارەسەرکەرانی DNS"
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icon: material/dns
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description: ئەمانە هەندێک لە دابینکەرانی DNSـی شفرەکراون، کە پێشنیاری بەکارهێنانیان دەکەین. بۆ ڕزگارت بوون لە شێوەپێدراوە بنەڕەتیکانی ISPـیەکەت.
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---
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DNSـی شفرەکراو تەنها دەبێت بەکار بهێنرێت لەگەڵ ڕاژەکاری لایەنی سێیەم بۆ تێپەڕاندنی [قەدەغەکردنێکی DNSـی](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_blocking) سادە. کاتێک دڵنیا دەبیت کە هیچ دەرئەنجامێک نابێت. DNSـی شفرەکراو یارمەتیت نادات لە شاردنەوەی هیچ یەکێک لە چالاکیەکانی گەڕانت.
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[دەربارەی DNS زیاتر فێربە:material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](advanced/dns-overview.md ""){.md-button}
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## دابینکەرانی پێشنیارکراو
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| دابینکەری DNS | سیاسەتی تایبەتێتـی | پڕۆتۆکۆڵەکان | هەڵگرتنی تۆمار | ECS | پاڵاوتن |
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| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| [**AdGuard**](https://adguard.com/en/adguard-dns/overview.html) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://adguard.com/en/privacy/dns.html) | Cleartext <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT <br> DNSCrypt | هەندێک<sup id="fnref:1"><a href="#fn:1" class="footnote-ref">١</a></sup> | نەخێر | لەسەر بنەمای هەڵبژاردنی ڕاژەیە. لیستی پاڵاوتنی بەکارهێنراو لێرە دەدۆزرێتەوە. [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardDNS) |
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| [**Cloudflare**](https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/setting-up-1.1.1.1/) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/public-dns-resolver/) | Cleartext <br> DoH <br> DoT | هەندێک<sup id="fnref:2"><a href="#fn:2" class="footnote-ref">٢</a></sup> | نەخێر | لەسەر بنەمای هەڵبژاردنی ڕاژەیە. |
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| [**Control D**](https://controld.com/free-dns) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://controld.com/privacy) | Cleartext <br> DoH/3 <br> DoT <br> DoQ | ئارەزوومەندانە<sup id="fnref:3"><a href="#fn:3" class="footnote-ref">٣</a></sup> | نەخێر | لەسەر بنەمای هەڵبژاردنی ڕاژەیە. |
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| [**Mullvad**](https://mullvad.net/en/help/dns-over-https-and-dns-over-tls) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://mullvad.net/en/help/no-logging-data-policy/) | DoH <br> DoT | نەخێر<sup id="fnref:4"><a href="#fn:4" class="footnote-ref">٤</a></sup> | نەخێر | لەسەر بنەمای هەڵبژاردنی ڕاژەیە. لیستی پاڵاوتنی بەکارهێنراو لێرە دەدۆزرێتەوە. [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://github.com/mullvad/dns-adblock) |
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| [**NextDNS**](https://www.nextdns.io) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://www.nextdns.io/privacy) | Cleartext <br> DoH <br> DoT | ئارەزوومەندانە<sup id="fnref:5"><a href="#fn:5" class="footnote-ref">٥</a></sup> | ئارەزوومەندانە | لەسەر بنەمای هەڵبژاردنی ڕاژەیە. |
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| [**Quad9**](https://quad9.net) | [:octicons-link-external-24:](https://quad9.net/privacy/policy/) | Cleartext <br> DoH <br> DoT <br> DNSCrypt | هەندێک<sup id="fnref:6"><a href="#fn:6" class="footnote-ref">٦</a></sup> | ئارەزوومەندانە | لەسەر بنەمای هەڵبژاردنی ڕاژەیە، لەبنەڕەتەوە بەربەستی زیانەواڵەیە. |
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## پێوەرەکان
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**تکایە تێبینی ئەوە بکە کە ئێمە سەر بە هیچ کام لەو پرۆژانە نین کە پێشنیاری دەکەین.** وە جگە لە [ پێوەرە بنچینەییەکانمان](about/criteria.md), ئێمە کۆمەڵێک داواکاری ڕوونمان دامەزراندووە بۆ ئەوەی ڕێگەمان پێبدات پێشنیاری بنچینە بکەین. ئێمە پێشنیاری ئەوە دەکەین کە تۆ خۆت ئاشنا بکەیت لەگەڵ ئەم لیستە پێش هەڵبژاردن و بەکارهێنانی دابینکەرەکە وە لێکۆڵینەوەی خۆت بکەیت بۆ دڵنیابوون لەوەی، کە ئەمە هەڵبژاردنێکی گونجاوە بۆ تۆ.
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!!! نموونە "ئەم بەشە نوێیە"
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ئێمە کار لەسەر دانانی پێوەرە پێناسەکراوەکان دەکەین بۆ هەموو بەشێکی ماڵپەڕەکەمان, وە ئەمە لەوانەیە بگۆڕدرێت. ئەگەر هیچ پرسیارێکت هەیە سەبارەت بە پێوەرەکانی ئێمە. ئەوا تکایە [لە سەکۆکەمان پرسیار بکە](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest). وە وادامەنێ کە ئێمە هیچ شتێکمان لەبەرچاو نەگرتوە لە کاتی دروستکردنی پێشنیارەکانمان ئەگەر لە لیستەکە نەبێت. چەندین هۆکار هەن کە لەبەرچاو دەگرین و گفتوگۆیان لەسەر دەکرێت کاتێک پێشنیاری پرۆژەیەک دەکەین. وە تۆمارکردنی هەریەکەیان کارێکی بەردەوامە.
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- پێویستە بشتگیری [DNSSEC](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-dnssec) بکات.
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- [بچووکردنەوەی QNAME](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-qname-minimization).
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- ڕێگە بە ناچالاک کردنی [ECS](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-edns-client-subnet-ecs) بدات.
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- پەسند کردنی [Anycast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anycast#Addressing_methods) یان پشتگیری "ئاڕاستەی-جوگرافی".
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## پشتگیری لە سیستەمی کارپێکەری بنەچەیی
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### ئەندرۆید
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ئەندرۆیدی ٩ و سەرووتر پشتگیری DNS دەکەن لە ڕێگەی TLS. ڕێکخستنەکان دەتوانرێ بدۆزرێتەوە لە: **Settings**→**Network & Internet**→**Private DNS**.
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### ئامێرەکانی Apple
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کۆتا وەشەنەکان لە tvOS، iPadOS، iOS لەگەڵ macOS هەموویان پشتگیری لە DoT و DoH دەکەن. هەردوو پرۆتۆکۆلەکە بە شێوەیەکی ڕەسەن پشتگیری دەکرێن لە ڕێگەی [شێوەپێدانی پڕؤفایلەکان](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/configuration-profile-enforcement-secf6fb9f053/web) یان لە ڕێگەی [ڕێکخستنەکانیDNS API](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/networkextension/dns_settings).
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دوای دامەزراندنی شێوەپێدانێکی پڕۆفایل یان کاربەرنامەیەک کە ڕێکخستنەکانی DNS API بەکاردێنێ، دەتوانیت شێوەپێدانی DNS دیاریبکەیت. ئەگەر VPN چالاک بێت، چارەسەری ناو تونێلی VPNـەکە ڕێکخستەنەکانی DNSـی VPNـەکە بەکاردێنیت. نەک ڕێکخستەنە فراوانەکەی سیستەمەکەت.
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#### Signed Profiles
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Apple does not provide a native interface for creating encrypted DNS profiles. [Secure DNS profile creator](https://dns.notjakob.com/tool.html) is an unofficial tool for creating your own encrypted DNS profiles, however they will not be signed. Signed profiles are preferred; signing validates a profile's origin and helps to ensure the integrity of the profiles. A green "Verified" label is given to signed configuration profiles. For more information on code signing, see [About Code Signing](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Security/Conceptual/CodeSigningGuide/Introduction/Introduction.html). **Signed profiles** are offered by [AdGuard](https://adguard.com/en/blog/encrypted-dns-ios-14.html), [NextDNS](https://apple.nextdns.io), and [Quad9](https://www.quad9.net/news/blog/ios-mobile-provisioning-profiles/).
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!!! info
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`systemd-resolved`, which many Linux distributions use to do their DNS lookups, doesn't yet [support DoH](https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/8639). If you want to use DoH, you'll need to install a proxy like [dnscrypt-proxy](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy) and [configure it](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dnscrypt-proxy) to take all the DNS queries from your system resolver and forward them over HTTPS.
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## Encrypted DNS Proxies
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Encrypted DNS proxy software provides a local proxy for the [unencrypted DNS](advanced/dns-overview.md#unencrypted-dns) resolver to forward to. Typically it is used on platforms that don't natively support [encrypted DNS](advanced/dns-overview.md#what-is-encrypted-dns).
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### RethinkDNS
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!!! recommendation
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{ align=right }
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{ align=right }
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**RethinkDNS** is an open-source Android client supporting [DNS-over-HTTPS](advanced/dns-overview.md#dns-over-https-doh), [DNS-over-TLS](advanced/dns-overview.md#dns-over-tls-dot), [DNSCrypt](advanced/dns-overview.md#dnscrypt) and DNS Proxy along with caching DNS responses, locally logging DNS queries and can be used as a firewall too.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://rethinkdns.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://rethinkdns.com/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.rethinkdns.com/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/celzero/rethink-app){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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??? downloads
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.celzero.bravedns)
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- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/celzero/rethink-app/releases)
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### dnscrypt-proxy
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!!! recommendation
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{ align=right }
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**dnscrypt-proxy** is a DNS proxy with support for [DNSCrypt](advanced/dns-overview.md#dnscrypt), [DNS-over-HTTPS](advanced/dns-overview.md#dns-over-https-doh), and [Anonymized DNS](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki/Anonymized-DNS).
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!!! warning "The anonymized DNS feature does [**not**](advanced/dns-overview.md#why-shouldnt-i-use-encrypted-dns) anonymize other network traffic."
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[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://opencollective.com/dnscrypt/contribute){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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??? downloads
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- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki/Installation-Windows)
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- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki/Installation-macOS)
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- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki/Installation-linux)
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## Self-hosted Solutions
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A self-hosted DNS solution is useful for providing filtering on controlled platforms, such as Smart TVs and other IoT devices, as no client-side software is needed.
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### AdGuard Home
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!!! recommendation
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{ align=right }
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**AdGuard Home** is an open-source [DNS-sinkhole](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_sinkhole) which uses [DNS filtering](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/what-is-dns-filtering/) to block unwanted web content, such as advertisements.
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AdGuard Home features a polished web interface to view insights and manage blocked content.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://adguard.com/adguard-home/overview.html){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://adguard.com/privacy/home.html){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardHome/wiki){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardHome){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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### Pi-hole
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!!! recommendation
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{ align=right }
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**Pi-hole** is an open-source [DNS-sinkhole](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_sinkhole) which uses [DNS filtering](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/what-is-dns-filtering/) to block unwanted web content, such as advertisements.
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Pi-hole is designed to be hosted on a Raspberry Pi, but it is not limited to such hardware. The software features a friendly web interface to view insights and manage blocked content.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://pi-hole.net/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://pi-hole.net/privacy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://docs.pi-hole.net/){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/pi-hole/pi-hole){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://pi-hole.net/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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[^1]: AdGuard stores aggregated performance metrics of their DNS servers, namely the number of complete requests to a particular server, the number of blocked requests, and the speed of processing requests. They also keep and store the database of domains requested in within last 24 hours. "We need this information to identify and block new trackers and threats." "We also log how many times this or that tracker has been blocked. We need this information to remove outdated rules from our filters." [https://adguard.com/en/privacy/dns.html](https://adguard.com/en/privacy/dns.html)
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[^2]: Cloudflare collects and stores only the limited DNS query data that is sent to the 1.1.1.1 resolver. The 1.1.1.1 resolver service does not log personal data, and the bulk of the limited non-personally identifiable query data is stored only for 25 hours. [https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/public-dns-resolver/](https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/public-dns-resolver/)
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[^3]: Control D only logs for Premium resolvers with custom DNS profiles. Free resolvers do not log data. [https://controld.com/privacy](https://controld.com/privacy)
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[^4]: Mullvad's DNS service is available to both subscribers and non-subscribers of Mullvad VPN. Their privacy policy explicitly claims they do not log DNS requests in any way. [https://mullvad.net/en/help/no-logging-data-policy/](https://mullvad.net/en/help/no-logging-data-policy/)
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[^5]: NextDNS can provide insights and logging features on an opt-in basis. You can choose retention times and log storage locations for any logs you choose to keep. If it's not specifically requested, no data is logged. [https://nextdns.io/privacy](https://nextdns.io/privacy)
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[^6]: Quad9 collects some data for the purposes of threat monitoring and response. That data may then be remixed and shared, such as for the purpose of security research. Quad9 does not collect or record IP addresses or other data they deem personally identifiable. [https://www.quad9.net/privacy/policy/](https://www.quad9.net/privacy/policy/)
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