9536deea0e
poseidon: a new hash function for zkp systems, by grassi et al. (2019) poseidon2: a faster version of the poseidon, by grassi et al. (2023) survey of attacks on poseidon and poseidon2, by grassi et al. (2024)
62 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
62 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
## cryptographic primitives
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<br>
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### bls signatures
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<br>
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* used in the beacon chain to verify large numbers of signtures.
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* invented by dan boneh, ben lynn, and hovav shacham.
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* in optimistic rollups such as arbitrum and optimism, each tx must be accompanied by its own signature. these signatures are stored on l1 calldata, a read-only format that's commited as a part of a transaction rather than to (expensive) contract storage.
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* storing txs and signatures as calldata is the cheapst method available for rollups to keep data on l1.
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* the key property of bls signatures is that multiple signatures can be combined into one - so only one aggregate signature needs to be verified and stored on-chain (meaning less gas fees).
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<br>
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----
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### shamir's secret sharing
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<br>
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* secret sharing algorithm to distribute private information among a group, and the secret cannot be revealed unless a quorum of the groups acts together to pool their knowledge.
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* the secret is matematically divided into parts. if an attacker steals some shares, it's impossible for the attacker to reconstrcut the secret unless they have stolen a quorum number of shares.
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* uses cases: password managers, encrypted emails, and crypto wallets.
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<br>
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---
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### cool resources
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<br>
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#### cool courses
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* **[number theory course by stanford (2023)](https://crypto.stanford.edu/pbc/notes/numbertheory/)**
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* **[galois fields, part one (2020)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBVqk4YM2VY)**
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<br>
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#### cool papers
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* **[bls multi-signatures with pub-key aggregation (2018)](https://crypto.stanford.edu/~dabo/pubs/papers/BLSmultisig.html)**
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* **[ring confidential transactions (2015)](https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098.pdf)**
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* **[intro to differential power analysis (2011)](https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13389-011-0006-y.pdf)**
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* **[pairing-friendly elliptic curves of prime order (2005)](https://eprint.iacr.org/2005/133.pdf)**
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<br>
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#### cool talks
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* **[an introduction to cryptography, new and old, by atheartengineer et al. (2024)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6u3uQGP9J4)**
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* **[programmable cryptography devcon panel, by barry and gang (2024)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6ixhGBnvKc)**
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<br>
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#### poseidon
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* **[poseidon: a new hash function for zkp systems, by grassi et al. (2019)](https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/458.pdf)**
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* **[poseidon2: a faster version of the poseidon, by grassi et al. (2023)](https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/323.pdf)**
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* **[survey of attacks on poseidon and poseidon2, by grassi et al. (2024)](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bqmIk5I8s-4S9TQJO0xk26fnSSU0q_Hx/view)**
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