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Copy AMITT repository, clean up and rebrand

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Took a copy of the current AMITT github repository - we'll be updating this and merging the SPICE branch back in
Rebranded to DISARM
Moved generated pages to their own folder, to make looking at the repository less confusing
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Sara-Jayne Terp 2022-01-29 11:34:46 -05:00
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# Technique T0001: 5Ds (dismiss, distort, distract, dismay, divide)
* **Summary**: Nimmo's "4Ds of propaganda": dismiss, distort, distract, dismay (MisinfosecWG added divide in 2019). Misinformation promotes an agenda by advancing narratives supportive of that agenda. This is most effective when the advanced narrative pre-dates the revelation of the specific misinformation content. This is often not possible.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA01
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00029 MH17 investigation](../generated_pages/incidents/I00029.md) | 4 D's (dismiss, distort, distract, dismay...Official channels ie: Embassies & Defence Ministry; TASS |
| [I00047 Sea of Azov](../generated_pages/incidents/I00047.md) | 4 D's (dismiss, distort, distract, dismay...Official channels ie: Embassies & Defence Ministry; TASS, Russian FSB security service blamed Ukraine for sparking the clashes, saying their "irrefutable" evidence would "soon be made public |
| [I00049 White Helmets: Chemical Weapons](../generated_pages/incidents/I00049.md) | 4 D's (dismiss, distort, distract, dismay...Official channels ie: Embassies & Defence Ministry; TASS |
| [I00053 China Huawei CFO Arrest](../generated_pages/incidents/I00053.md) | China also plays victim, innocence, plays by rules, misunderstood narrative, Chinese ambassador Lu Shaye accused Canada of applying a double standard, and has decried what he sees as “Western egotism and white supremacy” in the treatment of detained Huawei executive Meng Wanzhou.” |
| [I00063 Olympic Doping Scandal](../generated_pages/incidents/I00063.md) | 4 D's (dismiss, distort, distract, dismay...Official channels ie: Putin himself; Embassies & Sports Ministry; TASS |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00013 Rating framework for news](../generated_pages/counters/C00013.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00017 Repair broken social connections](../generated_pages/counters/C00017.md) | D03 |
| [C00019 Reduce effect of division-enablers](../generated_pages/counters/C00019.md) | D03 |
| [C00021 Encourage in-person communication](../generated_pages/counters/C00021.md) | D04 |
| [C00022 Innoculate. Positive campaign to promote feeling of safety](../generated_pages/counters/C00022.md) | D04 |
| [C00024 Promote healthy narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00024.md) | D04 |
| [C00026 Shore up democracy based messages](../generated_pages/counters/C00026.md) | D04 |
| [C00027 Create culture of civility](../generated_pages/counters/C00027.md) | D07 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00174 Create a healthier news environment](../generated_pages/counters/C00174.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00188 Newsroom/Journalist training to counter influence moves](../generated_pages/counters/C00188.md) | D03 |
| [C00190 open engagement with civil society](../generated_pages/counters/C00190.md) | D03 |
| [C00205 strong dialogue between the federal government and private sector to encourage better reporting](../generated_pages/counters/C00205.md) | D03 |
| [C00212 build public resilience by making civil society more vibrant](../generated_pages/counters/C00212.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0002: Facilitate State Propaganda
* **Summary**: Organize citizens around pro-state messaging. Coordinate paid or volunteer groups to push state propaganda.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA01
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00033 China 50cent Army](../generated_pages/incidents/I00033.md) | facilitate state propaganda and defuse crises |
| [I00034 DibaFacebookExpedition](../generated_pages/incidents/I00034.md) | Netizens from one of the largest discussion forums in China, known as Diba, coordinated to overcome China’s Great Firewall |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00013 Rating framework for news](../generated_pages/counters/C00013.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00017 Repair broken social connections](../generated_pages/counters/C00017.md) | D03 |
| [C00019 Reduce effect of division-enablers](../generated_pages/counters/C00019.md) | D03 |
| [C00021 Encourage in-person communication](../generated_pages/counters/C00021.md) | D04 |
| [C00022 Innoculate. Positive campaign to promote feeling of safety](../generated_pages/counters/C00022.md) | D04 |
| [C00024 Promote healthy narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00024.md) | D04 |
| [C00026 Shore up democracy based messages](../generated_pages/counters/C00026.md) | D04 |
| [C00027 Create culture of civility](../generated_pages/counters/C00027.md) | D07 |
| [C00029 Create fake website to issue counter narrative and counter narrative through physical merchandise](../generated_pages/counters/C00029.md) | D03 |
| [C00030 Develop a compelling counter narrative (truth based)](../generated_pages/counters/C00030.md) | D03 |
| [C00031 Dilute the core narrative - create multiple permutations, target / amplify](../generated_pages/counters/C00031.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00084 Modify disinformation narratives, and rebroadcast them](../generated_pages/counters/C00084.md) | D03 |
| [C00125 Prebunking](../generated_pages/counters/C00125.md) | D03 |
| [C00126 Social media amber alert](../generated_pages/counters/C00126.md) | D03 |
| [C00156 Better tell your country or organization story](../generated_pages/counters/C00156.md) | D03 |
| [C00161 Coalition Building with stakeholders and Third-Party Inducements](../generated_pages/counters/C00161.md) | D07 |
| [C00162 Unravel/target the Potemkin villages](../generated_pages/counters/C00162.md) | D03 |
| [C00164 compatriot policy](../generated_pages/counters/C00164.md) | D03 |
| [C00169 develop a creative content hub](../generated_pages/counters/C00169.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0003: Leverage Existing Narratives
* **Summary**: Use or adapt existing narrative themes, where narratives are the baseline stories of a target audience. Narratives form the bedrock of our worldviews. New information is understood through a process firmly grounded in this bedrock. If new information is not consitent with the prevailing narratives of an audience, it will be ignored. Effective campaigns will frame their misinformation in the context of these narratives. Highly effective campaigns will make extensive use of audience-appropriate archetypes and meta-narratives throughout their content creation and amplifiction practices.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA01
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00013 Rating framework for news](../generated_pages/counters/C00013.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00017 Repair broken social connections](../generated_pages/counters/C00017.md) | D03 |
| [C00019 Reduce effect of division-enablers](../generated_pages/counters/C00019.md) | D03 |
| [C00021 Encourage in-person communication](../generated_pages/counters/C00021.md) | D04 |
| [C00022 Innoculate. Positive campaign to promote feeling of safety](../generated_pages/counters/C00022.md) | D04 |
| [C00024 Promote healthy narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00024.md) | D04 |
| [C00027 Create culture of civility](../generated_pages/counters/C00027.md) | D07 |
| [C00029 Create fake website to issue counter narrative and counter narrative through physical merchandise](../generated_pages/counters/C00029.md) | D03 |
| [C00030 Develop a compelling counter narrative (truth based)](../generated_pages/counters/C00030.md) | D03 |
| [C00031 Dilute the core narrative - create multiple permutations, target / amplify](../generated_pages/counters/C00031.md) | D03 |
| [C00080 Create competing narrative](../generated_pages/counters/C00080.md) | D03 |
| [C00081 Highlight flooding and noise, and explain motivations](../generated_pages/counters/C00081.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00084 Modify disinformation narratives, and rebroadcast them](../generated_pages/counters/C00084.md) | D03 |
| [C00125 Prebunking](../generated_pages/counters/C00125.md) | D03 |
| [C00126 Social media amber alert](../generated_pages/counters/C00126.md) | D03 |
| [C00156 Better tell your country or organization story](../generated_pages/counters/C00156.md) | D03 |
| [C00161 Coalition Building with stakeholders and Third-Party Inducements](../generated_pages/counters/C00161.md) | D07 |
| [C00162 Unravel/target the Potemkin villages](../generated_pages/counters/C00162.md) | D03 |
| [C00164 compatriot policy](../generated_pages/counters/C00164.md) | D03 |
| [C00169 develop a creative content hub](../generated_pages/counters/C00169.md) | D03 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00188 Newsroom/Journalist training to counter influence moves](../generated_pages/counters/C00188.md) | D03 |
| [C00190 open engagement with civil society](../generated_pages/counters/C00190.md) | D03 |
| [C00205 strong dialogue between the federal government and private sector to encourage better reporting](../generated_pages/counters/C00205.md) | D03 |
| [C00212 build public resilience by making civil society more vibrant](../generated_pages/counters/C00212.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0004: Competing Narratives
* **Summary**: Advance competing narratives connected to same issue ie: on one hand deny incident while at same time expresses dismiss.
Suppressing or discouraging narratives already spreading requires an alternative. The most simple set of narrative techniques in response would be the construction and promotion of contradictory alternatives centered on denial, deflection, dismissal, counter-charges, excessive standards of proof, bias in prohibition or enforcement, and so on.
These competing narratives allow loyalists cover, but are less compelling to opponents and fence-sitters than campaigns built around existing narratives or highly explanatory master narratives. Competing narratives, as such, are especially useful in the "firehose of misinformation" approach.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA01
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00042 Address truth contained in narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00042.md) | D04 |
| [C00080 Create competing narrative](../generated_pages/counters/C00080.md) | D03 |
| [C00081 Highlight flooding and noise, and explain motivations](../generated_pages/counters/C00081.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00084 Modify disinformation narratives, and rebroadcast them](../generated_pages/counters/C00084.md) | D03 |
| [C00125 Prebunking](../generated_pages/counters/C00125.md) | D03 |
| [C00126 Social media amber alert](../generated_pages/counters/C00126.md) | D03 |
| [C00156 Better tell your country or organization story](../generated_pages/counters/C00156.md) | D03 |
| [C00161 Coalition Building with stakeholders and Third-Party Inducements](../generated_pages/counters/C00161.md) | D07 |
| [C00162 Unravel/target the Potemkin villages](../generated_pages/counters/C00162.md) | D03 |
| [C00164 compatriot policy](../generated_pages/counters/C00164.md) | D03 |
| [C00169 develop a creative content hub](../generated_pages/counters/C00169.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0005: Center of Gravity Analysis
* **Summary**: Recon/research to identify "the source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or will to act." Thus, the center of gravity is usually seen as the "source of strength". Includes demographic and network analysis of communities
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA02
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00010 Enhanced privacy regulation for social media](../generated_pages/counters/C00010.md) | D02 |
| [C00036 Infiltrate the in-group to discredit leaders (divide)](../generated_pages/counters/C00036.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0006: Create Master Narratives
* **Summary**: The promotion of beneficial master narratives is perhaps the most effective method for achieving long-term strategic narrative dominance. From a "whole of society" perspective the promotion of the society's core master narratives should occupy a central strategic role. From a misinformation campaign / cognitive security perpectve the tactics around master narratives center more precisely on the day-to-day promotion and reinforcement of this messaging. In other words, beneficial, high-coverage master narratives are a central strategic goal and their promotion consitutes an ongoing tactical struggle carried out at a whole-of-society level. Tactically, their promotion covers a broad spectrum of activities both on- and offline.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA02
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00021 Encourage in-person communication](../generated_pages/counters/C00021.md) | D04 |
| [C00022 Innoculate. Positive campaign to promote feeling of safety](../generated_pages/counters/C00022.md) | D04 |
| [C00024 Promote healthy narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00024.md) | D04 |
| [C00027 Create culture of civility](../generated_pages/counters/C00027.md) | D07 |
| [C00029 Create fake website to issue counter narrative and counter narrative through physical merchandise](../generated_pages/counters/C00029.md) | D03 |
| [C00030 Develop a compelling counter narrative (truth based)](../generated_pages/counters/C00030.md) | D03 |
| [C00031 Dilute the core narrative - create multiple permutations, target / amplify](../generated_pages/counters/C00031.md) | D03 |
| [C00081 Highlight flooding and noise, and explain motivations](../generated_pages/counters/C00081.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00084 Modify disinformation narratives, and rebroadcast them](../generated_pages/counters/C00084.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0007: Create fake Social Media Profiles / Pages / Groups
* **Summary**: Create key social engineering assets needed to amplify content, manipulate algorithms, fool public and/or specific incident/campaign targets.
Computational propaganda depends substantially on false perceptions of credibility and acceptance. By creating fake users and groups with a variety of interests and commitments, attackers can ensure that their messages both come from trusted sources and appear more widely adopted than they actually are.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA03
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | Fake FB groups + dark content |
| [I00006 Columbian Chemicals](../generated_pages/incidents/I00006.md) | Fake twitter profiles to amplify |
| [I00009 PhilippinesExpert](../generated_pages/incidents/I00009.md) | FB pages |
| [I00010 ParklandTeens](../generated_pages/incidents/I00010.md) | FB pages/groups/profiles |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | Fake FB groups + dark content |
| [I00022 #Macronleaks](../generated_pages/incidents/I00022.md) | Fake FB groups/pages/profiles + dark content |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | Fake FB groups/pages/profiles |
| [I00056 Iran Influence Operations](../generated_pages/incidents/I00056.md) | Fake FB groups/pages/profiles + dark content (non-paid advertising) |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00006 Charge for social media](../generated_pages/counters/C00006.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00034 Create more friction at account creation](../generated_pages/counters/C00034.md) | D04 |
| [C00036 Infiltrate the in-group to discredit leaders (divide)](../generated_pages/counters/C00036.md) | D02 |
| [C00040 third party verification for people](../generated_pages/counters/C00040.md) | D02 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00097 Require use of verified identities to contribute to poll or comment](../generated_pages/counters/C00097.md) | D02 |
| [C00099 Strengthen verification methods](../generated_pages/counters/C00099.md) | D02 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00133 Deplatform Account*](../generated_pages/counters/C00133.md) | D03 |
| [C00135 Deplatform message groups and/or message boards](../generated_pages/counters/C00135.md) | D03 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00172 social media source removal](../generated_pages/counters/C00172.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00189 Ensure that platforms are taking down flagged accounts](../generated_pages/counters/C00189.md) | D06 |
| [C00197 remove suspicious accounts](../generated_pages/counters/C00197.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0008: Create fake or imposter news sites
* **Summary**: Modern computational propaganda makes use of a cadre of imposter news sites spreading globally. These sites, sometimes motivated by concerns other than propaganda--for instance, click-based revenue--often have some superficial markers of authenticity, such as naming and site-design. But many can be quickly exposed with reference to their owenership, reporting history and adverstising details.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA03
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00056 Iran Influence Operations](../generated_pages/incidents/I00056.md) | Fake news/synthetic web-sites |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00070 Block access to disinformation resources](../generated_pages/counters/C00070.md) | D02 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00099 Strengthen verification methods](../generated_pages/counters/C00099.md) | D02 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00172 social media source removal](../generated_pages/counters/C00172.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00188 Newsroom/Journalist training to counter influence moves](../generated_pages/counters/C00188.md) | D03 |
| [C00189 Ensure that platforms are taking down flagged accounts](../generated_pages/counters/C00189.md) | D06 |
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# Technique T0009: Create fake experts
* **Summary**: Stories planted or promoted in computational propaganda operations often make use of experts fabricated from whole cloth, sometimes specifically for the story itself.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA03
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00044 JadeHelm exercise](../generated_pages/incidents/I00044.md) | Promote fake “experts” with impressive (and scary) titles |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00034 Create more friction at account creation](../generated_pages/counters/C00034.md) | D04 |
| [C00040 third party verification for people](../generated_pages/counters/C00040.md) | D02 |
| [C00097 Require use of verified identities to contribute to poll or comment](../generated_pages/counters/C00097.md) | D02 |
| [C00099 Strengthen verification methods](../generated_pages/counters/C00099.md) | D02 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00133 Deplatform Account*](../generated_pages/counters/C00133.md) | D03 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00189 Ensure that platforms are taking down flagged accounts](../generated_pages/counters/C00189.md) | D06 |
| [C00197 remove suspicious accounts](../generated_pages/counters/C00197.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0010: Cultivate ignorant agents
* **Summary**: Cultivate propagandists for a cause, the goals of which are not fully comprehended, and who are used cynically by the leaders of the cause. Independent actors use social media and specialised web sites to strategically reinforce and spread messages compatible with their own. Their networks are infiltrated and used by state media disinformation organisations to amplify the state’s own disinformation strategies against target populations. Many are traffickers in conspiracy theories or hoaxes, unified by a suspicion of Western governments and mainstream media. Their narratives, which appeal to leftists hostile to globalism and military intervention and nationalists against immigration, are frequently infiltrated and shaped by state-controlled trolls and altered news items from agencies such as RT and Sputnik. Also know as "useful idiots" or "unwitting agents".
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA04
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | cultivate, manipulate, exploit useful idiots |
| [I00007 Incirlik terrorists](../generated_pages/incidents/I00007.md) | cultivate, manipulate, exploit useful idiots (in the case Paul Manafort) |
| [I00010 ParklandTeens](../generated_pages/incidents/I00010.md) | cultivate, manipulate, exploit useful idiots (Alex Jones... drives conspiracy theories; false flags, crisis actors) |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | cultivate, manipulate, exploit useful idiots |
| [I00029 MH17 investigation](../generated_pages/incidents/I00029.md) | cultivate, manipulate, exploit useful idiots |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | cultivate, manipulate, exploit useful idiots (Alex Jones... drives conspiracy theories) |
| [I00044 JadeHelm exercise](../generated_pages/incidents/I00044.md) | cultivate, manipulate, exploit useful idiots (Alex Jones... drives conspiracy theories) |
| [I00049 White Helmets: Chemical Weapons](../generated_pages/incidents/I00049.md) | cultivate, manipulate, exploit useful idiots (Roger Waters; Venessa Beeley...) |
| [I00050 #HandsOffVenezuela](../generated_pages/incidents/I00050.md) | cultivate, manipulate, exploit useful idiots (Roger Waters) |
| [I00051 Integrity Initiative](../generated_pages/incidents/I00051.md) | cultivate, manipulate, exploit useful idiots |
| [I00063 Olympic Doping Scandal](../generated_pages/incidents/I00063.md) | cultivate, manipulate, exploit useful idiots |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00009 Educate high profile influencers on best practices](../generated_pages/counters/C00009.md) | D02 |
| [C00036 Infiltrate the in-group to discredit leaders (divide)](../generated_pages/counters/C00036.md) | D02 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00048 Name and Shame Influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00048.md) | D07 |
| [C00051 Counter social engineering training](../generated_pages/counters/C00051.md) | D02 |
| [C00072 Remove non-relevant content from special interest groups - not recommended](../generated_pages/counters/C00072.md) | D02 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00092 Establish a truth teller reputation score for influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00092.md) | D07 |
| [C00093 Influencer code of conduct](../generated_pages/counters/C00093.md) | D07 |
| [C00111 Reduce polarisation by connecting and presenting sympathetic renditions of opposite views](../generated_pages/counters/C00111.md) | D04 |
| [C00125 Prebunking](../generated_pages/counters/C00125.md) | D03 |
| [C00126 Social media amber alert](../generated_pages/counters/C00126.md) | D03 |
| [C00130 Mentorship: elders, youth, credit. Learn vicariously.](../generated_pages/counters/C00130.md) | D07 |
| [C00136 Microtarget most likely targets then send them countermessages](../generated_pages/counters/C00136.md) | D03 |
| [C00156 Better tell your country or organization story](../generated_pages/counters/C00156.md) | D03 |
| [C00160 find and train influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00160.md) | D02 |
| [C00162 Unravel/target the Potemkin villages](../generated_pages/counters/C00162.md) | D03 |
| [C00169 develop a creative content hub](../generated_pages/counters/C00169.md) | D03 |
| [C00174 Create a healthier news environment](../generated_pages/counters/C00174.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00184 Media exposure](../generated_pages/counters/C00184.md) | D04 |
| [C00188 Newsroom/Journalist training to counter influence moves](../generated_pages/counters/C00188.md) | D03 |
| [C00190 open engagement with civil society](../generated_pages/counters/C00190.md) | D03 |
| [C00195 Redirect searches away from disinformation or extremist content ](../generated_pages/counters/C00195.md) | D02 |
| [C00200 Respected figure (influencer) disavows misinfo](../generated_pages/counters/C00200.md) | D03 |
| [C00203 Stop offering press credentials to propaganda outlets](../generated_pages/counters/C00203.md) | D03 |
| [C00212 build public resilience by making civil society more vibrant](../generated_pages/counters/C00212.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0011: Hijack legitimate account
* **Summary**: Hack or take over legimate accounts to distribute misinformation or damaging content.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA04
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00042 Saudi/Qatar bot dispute](../generated_pages/incidents/I00042.md) | “hack” of Qatar’s official news agency |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00053 Delete old accounts / Remove unused social media accounts](../generated_pages/counters/C00053.md) | D04 |
| [C00098 Revocation of allowlisted or "verified" status](../generated_pages/counters/C00098.md) | D02 |
| [C00133 Deplatform Account*](../generated_pages/counters/C00133.md) | D03 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00182 Redirection / malware detection/ remediation](../generated_pages/counters/C00182.md) | D02 |
| [C00189 Ensure that platforms are taking down flagged accounts](../generated_pages/counters/C00189.md) | D06 |
| [C00197 remove suspicious accounts](../generated_pages/counters/C00197.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0012: Use concealment
* **Summary**: Use anonymous social media profiles. Examples include page or group administrators, masked "whois" website directory data, no bylines connected to news article, no masthead connect to news websites.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA04
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00034 Create more friction at account creation](../generated_pages/counters/C00034.md) | D04 |
| [C00036 Infiltrate the in-group to discredit leaders (divide)](../generated_pages/counters/C00036.md) | D02 |
| [C00040 third party verification for people](../generated_pages/counters/C00040.md) | D02 |
| [C00051 Counter social engineering training](../generated_pages/counters/C00051.md) | D02 |
| [C00052 Infiltrate platforms](../generated_pages/counters/C00052.md) | D04 |
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# Technique T0013: Create fake websites
* **Summary**: Create media assets to support fake organizations (e.g. think tank), people (e.g. experts) and/or serve as sites to distribute malware/launch phishing operations.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA04
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00172 social media source removal](../generated_pages/counters/C00172.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
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# Technique T0014: Create funding campaigns
* **Summary**: Generate revenue through online funding campaigns. e.g. Gather data, advance credible persona via Gofundme; Patreon; or via fake website connecting via PayPal or Stripe.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA04
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00059 Verification of project before posting fund requests](../generated_pages/counters/C00059.md) | D02 |
| [C00070 Block access to disinformation resources](../generated_pages/counters/C00070.md) | D02 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00129 Use banking to cut off access ](../generated_pages/counters/C00129.md) | D02 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00155 Ban incident actors from funding sites](../generated_pages/counters/C00155.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00189 Ensure that platforms are taking down flagged accounts](../generated_pages/counters/C00189.md) | D06 |
| [C00216 Use advertiser controls to stem flow of funds to bad actors](../generated_pages/counters/C00216.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0015: Create hashtag
* **Summary**: Many incident-based campaigns will create a hashtag to promote their fabricated event.
Creating a hashtag for an incident can have two important effects:
1. Create a perception of reality around an event. Certainly only "real" events would be discussed in a hashtag. After all, the event has a name!
2. Publicize the story more widely through trending lists and search behavior
Asset needed to direct/control/manage "conversation" connected to launching new incident/campaign with new hashtag for applicable social media sites ie: Twitter, LinkedIn)
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA04
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00006 Columbian Chemicals](../generated_pages/incidents/I00006.md) | Create and use hashtag |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00006 Charge for social media](../generated_pages/counters/C00006.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00066 Co-opt a hashtag and drown it out (hijack it back)](../generated_pages/counters/C00066.md) | D03 |
| [C00070 Block access to disinformation resources](../generated_pages/counters/C00070.md) | D02 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
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# Technique T0016: Clickbait
* **Summary**: Create attention grabbing headlines (outrage, doubt, humor) required to drive traffic & engagement. This is a key asset
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA05
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | Click-bait (economic actors) fake news sites (ie: Denver Guardian; Macedonian teens) |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00076 Prohibit images in political discourse channels](../generated_pages/counters/C00076.md) | D02 |
| [C00105 Buy more advertising than misinformation creators](../generated_pages/counters/C00105.md) | D03 |
| [C00106 Click-bait centrist content](../generated_pages/counters/C00106.md) | D03 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00142 Platform adds warning label and decision point when sharing content](../generated_pages/counters/C00142.md) | D04 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00178 Fill information voids with non-disinformation content](../generated_pages/counters/C00178.md) | D04 |
| [C00195 Redirect searches away from disinformation or extremist content ](../generated_pages/counters/C00195.md) | D02 |
| [C00216 Use advertiser controls to stem flow of funds to bad actors](../generated_pages/counters/C00216.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0017: Promote online funding
* **Summary**: Drive traffic/engagement to funding campaign sites; helps provide measurable metrics to assess conversion rates
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA05
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00002 #VaccinateUS](../generated_pages/incidents/I00002.md) | Promote "funding" campaign |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00058 Report crowdfunder as violator](../generated_pages/counters/C00058.md) | D02 |
| [C00067 Denigrate the recipient/ project (of online funding)](../generated_pages/counters/C00067.md) | D03 |
| [C00070 Block access to disinformation resources](../generated_pages/counters/C00070.md) | D02 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00093 Influencer code of conduct](../generated_pages/counters/C00093.md) | D07 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00129 Use banking to cut off access ](../generated_pages/counters/C00129.md) | D02 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00155 Ban incident actors from funding sites](../generated_pages/counters/C00155.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00178 Fill information voids with non-disinformation content](../generated_pages/counters/C00178.md) | D04 |
| [C00216 Use advertiser controls to stem flow of funds to bad actors](../generated_pages/counters/C00216.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0018: Paid targeted ads
* **Summary**: Create or fund advertisements targeted at specific populations
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA05
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00002 #VaccinateUS](../generated_pages/incidents/I00002.md) | buy FB targeted ads |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | Targeted FB paid ads |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | Targeted FB paid ads |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00006 Charge for social media](../generated_pages/counters/C00006.md) | D02 |
| [C00010 Enhanced privacy regulation for social media](../generated_pages/counters/C00010.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00065 Reduce political targeting](../generated_pages/counters/C00065.md) | D03 |
| [C00076 Prohibit images in political discourse channels](../generated_pages/counters/C00076.md) | D02 |
| [C00105 Buy more advertising than misinformation creators](../generated_pages/counters/C00105.md) | D03 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00129 Use banking to cut off access ](../generated_pages/counters/C00129.md) | D02 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00178 Fill information voids with non-disinformation content](../generated_pages/counters/C00178.md) | D04 |
| [C00195 Redirect searches away from disinformation or extremist content ](../generated_pages/counters/C00195.md) | D02 |
| [C00216 Use advertiser controls to stem flow of funds to bad actors](../generated_pages/counters/C00216.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0019: Generate information pollution
* **Summary**: Flood social channels; drive traffic/engagement to all assets; create aura/sense/perception of pervasiveness/consensus (for or against or both simultaneously) of an issue or topic. "Nothing is true, but everything is possible." Akin to astroturfing campaign.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA06
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00002 #VaccinateUS](../generated_pages/incidents/I00002.md) | create web-site - information pollution |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution |
| [I00007 Incirlik terrorists](../generated_pages/incidents/I00007.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution (report an unreported false story/event) |
| [I00009 PhilippinesExpert](../generated_pages/incidents/I00009.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution |
| [I00029 MH17 investigation](../generated_pages/incidents/I00029.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution (synthetic media) |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution |
| [I00044 JadeHelm exercise](../generated_pages/incidents/I00044.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution |
| [I00049 White Helmets: Chemical Weapons](../generated_pages/incidents/I00049.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution (synthetic media) |
| [I00050 #HandsOffVenezuela](../generated_pages/incidents/I00050.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution (synthetic media) |
| [I00051 Integrity Initiative](../generated_pages/incidents/I00051.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution |
| [I00063 Olympic Doping Scandal](../generated_pages/incidents/I00063.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution (synthetic media) |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00042 Address truth contained in narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00042.md) | D04 |
| [C00071 Block source of pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00071.md) | D02 |
| [C00072 Remove non-relevant content from special interest groups - not recommended](../generated_pages/counters/C00072.md) | D02 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0020: Trial content
* **Summary**: Iteratively test incident performance (messages, content etc), e.g. A/B test headline/content enagagement metrics; website and/or funding campaign conversion rates
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA06
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00010 ParklandTeens](../generated_pages/incidents/I00010.md) | 4Chan/8Chan - trial content |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | 4Chan/8Chan - trial content |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | 4Chan/8Chan - trial content |
| [I00044 JadeHelm exercise](../generated_pages/incidents/I00044.md) | 4Chan/8Chan - trial content |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00090 Fake engagement system](../generated_pages/counters/C00090.md) | D05 |
| [C00136 Microtarget most likely targets then send them countermessages](../generated_pages/counters/C00136.md) | D03 |
| [C00149 Poison the monitoring & evaluation data](../generated_pages/counters/C00149.md) | D04 |
| [C00178 Fill information voids with non-disinformation content](../generated_pages/counters/C00178.md) | D04 |
| [C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00211.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0021: Memes
* **Summary**: Memes are one of the most important single artefact types in all of computational propaganda. Memes in this framework denotes the narrow image-based definition. But that naming is no accident, as these items have most of the important properties of Dawkins' original conception as a self-replicating unit of culture. Memes pull together reference and commentary; image and narrative; emotion and message. Memes are a powerful tool and the heart of modern influence campaigns.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA06
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | Memes... anti-immigration; euroskepticism; fear, outrage, conspiracy narratives |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | Memes... anti-immigration; euroskepticism; fear, outrage, conspiracy narratives |
| [I00042 Saudi/Qatar bot dispute](../generated_pages/incidents/I00042.md) | memes |
| [I00056 Iran Influence Operations](../generated_pages/incidents/I00056.md) | Memes... anti-Isreal/USA/West, conspiracy narratives |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00027 Create culture of civility](../generated_pages/counters/C00027.md) | D07 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00072 Remove non-relevant content from special interest groups - not recommended](../generated_pages/counters/C00072.md) | D02 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00076 Prohibit images in political discourse channels](../generated_pages/counters/C00076.md) | D02 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00117 Downgrade / de-amplify so message is seen by fewer people](../generated_pages/counters/C00117.md) | D04 |
| [C00118 Repurpose images with new text](../generated_pages/counters/C00118.md) | D04 |
| [C00119 Engage payload and debunk.](../generated_pages/counters/C00119.md) | D07 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00211.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0022: Conspiracy narratives
* **Summary**: "Conspiracy narratives appeal to the human desire for explanatory order, by invoking the participation of poweful (often sinister) actors in pursuit of their own political goals. These narratives are especially appealing when an audience is low-information, marginalized or otherwise inclined to reject the prevailing explanation. Conspiracy narratives are an important component of the ""firehose of falsehoods"" model.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA06
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00056 Iran Influence Operations](../generated_pages/incidents/I00056.md) | Memes... anti-Isreal/USA/West, conspiracy narratives |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00017 Repair broken social connections](../generated_pages/counters/C00017.md) | D03 |
| [C00019 Reduce effect of division-enablers](../generated_pages/counters/C00019.md) | D03 |
| [C00021 Encourage in-person communication](../generated_pages/counters/C00021.md) | D04 |
| [C00022 Innoculate. Positive campaign to promote feeling of safety](../generated_pages/counters/C00022.md) | D04 |
| [C00024 Promote healthy narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00024.md) | D04 |
| [C00027 Create culture of civility](../generated_pages/counters/C00027.md) | D07 |
| [C00029 Create fake website to issue counter narrative and counter narrative through physical merchandise](../generated_pages/counters/C00029.md) | D03 |
| [C00030 Develop a compelling counter narrative (truth based)](../generated_pages/counters/C00030.md) | D03 |
| [C00042 Address truth contained in narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00042.md) | D04 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00072 Remove non-relevant content from special interest groups - not recommended](../generated_pages/counters/C00072.md) | D02 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00080 Create competing narrative](../generated_pages/counters/C00080.md) | D03 |
| [C00081 Highlight flooding and noise, and explain motivations](../generated_pages/counters/C00081.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00084 Modify disinformation narratives, and rebroadcast them](../generated_pages/counters/C00084.md) | D03 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00096 Strengthen institutions that are always truth tellers](../generated_pages/counters/C00096.md) | D07 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00117 Downgrade / de-amplify so message is seen by fewer people](../generated_pages/counters/C00117.md) | D04 |
| [C00119 Engage payload and debunk.](../generated_pages/counters/C00119.md) | D07 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00125 Prebunking](../generated_pages/counters/C00125.md) | D03 |
| [C00126 Social media amber alert](../generated_pages/counters/C00126.md) | D03 |
| [C00156 Better tell your country or organization story](../generated_pages/counters/C00156.md) | D03 |
| [C00161 Coalition Building with stakeholders and Third-Party Inducements](../generated_pages/counters/C00161.md) | D07 |
| [C00162 Unravel/target the Potemkin villages](../generated_pages/counters/C00162.md) | D03 |
| [C00164 compatriot policy](../generated_pages/counters/C00164.md) | D03 |
| [C00169 develop a creative content hub](../generated_pages/counters/C00169.md) | D03 |
| [C00174 Create a healthier news environment](../generated_pages/counters/C00174.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00188 Newsroom/Journalist training to counter influence moves](../generated_pages/counters/C00188.md) | D03 |
| [C00190 open engagement with civil society](../generated_pages/counters/C00190.md) | D03 |
| [C00195 Redirect searches away from disinformation or extremist content ](../generated_pages/counters/C00195.md) | D02 |
| [C00200 Respected figure (influencer) disavows misinfo](../generated_pages/counters/C00200.md) | D03 |
| [C00203 Stop offering press credentials to propaganda outlets](../generated_pages/counters/C00203.md) | D03 |
| [C00205 strong dialogue between the federal government and private sector to encourage better reporting](../generated_pages/counters/C00205.md) | D03 |
| [C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00211.md) | D03 |
| [C00212 build public resilience by making civil society more vibrant](../generated_pages/counters/C00212.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0023: Distort facts
* **Summary**: Change, twist, or exaggerate existing facts to construct a narrative that differs from reality. Examples: images and ideas can be distorted by being placed in an improper content
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA06
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00047 Sea of Azov](../generated_pages/incidents/I00047.md) | (Distort) Kremlin-controlled RT cited Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Lavrov suggesting that Ukraine deliberately provoked Russia in hopes of gaining additional support from the United States and Europe. |
| [I00053 China Huawei CFO Arrest](../generated_pages/incidents/I00053.md) | Distorted, saccharine “news” about the Chinese State and Party |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00017 Repair broken social connections](../generated_pages/counters/C00017.md) | D03 |
| [C00019 Reduce effect of division-enablers](../generated_pages/counters/C00019.md) | D03 |
| [C00021 Encourage in-person communication](../generated_pages/counters/C00021.md) | D04 |
| [C00022 Innoculate. Positive campaign to promote feeling of safety](../generated_pages/counters/C00022.md) | D04 |
| [C00024 Promote healthy narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00024.md) | D04 |
| [C00027 Create culture of civility](../generated_pages/counters/C00027.md) | D07 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00072 Remove non-relevant content from special interest groups - not recommended](../generated_pages/counters/C00072.md) | D02 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00081 Highlight flooding and noise, and explain motivations](../generated_pages/counters/C00081.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00092 Establish a truth teller reputation score for influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00092.md) | D07 |
| [C00096 Strengthen institutions that are always truth tellers](../generated_pages/counters/C00096.md) | D07 |
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# Technique T0024: Create fake videos and images
* **Summary**: Create fake videos and/or images by manipulating existing content or generating new content (e.g. deepfakes).
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA06
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00006 Columbian Chemicals](../generated_pages/incidents/I00006.md) | Fake video/images |
| [I00042 Saudi/Qatar bot dispute](../generated_pages/incidents/I00042.md) | photoshopped/fake images |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00096 Strengthen institutions that are always truth tellers](../generated_pages/counters/C00096.md) | D07 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00117 Downgrade / de-amplify so message is seen by fewer people](../generated_pages/counters/C00117.md) | D04 |
| [C00118 Repurpose images with new text](../generated_pages/counters/C00118.md) | D04 |
| [C00119 Engage payload and debunk.](../generated_pages/counters/C00119.md) | D07 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00143 (botnet) DMCA takedown requests to waste group time](../generated_pages/counters/C00143.md) | D04 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00195 Redirect searches away from disinformation or extremist content ](../generated_pages/counters/C00195.md) | D02 |
| [C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00211.md) | D03 |
| [C00219 Add metadata to content that’s out of the control of disinformation creators](../generated_pages/counters/C00219.md) | D04 |
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# Technique T0025: Leak altered documents
* **Summary**: Obtain documents (eg by theft or leak), then alter and release, possibly among factual documents/sources.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA06
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00015 ConcordDiscovery](../generated_pages/incidents/I00015.md) | Forge ('release' altered hacked documents), hack/leak/manipulate/distort |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | hack/leak/manipulate/distort |
| [I00022 #Macronleaks](../generated_pages/incidents/I00022.md) | hack/leak/manipulate/distort |
| [I00051 Integrity Initiative](../generated_pages/incidents/I00051.md) | hack/leak/manipulate/distort |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00096 Strengthen institutions that are always truth tellers](../generated_pages/counters/C00096.md) | D07 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00117 Downgrade / de-amplify so message is seen by fewer people](../generated_pages/counters/C00117.md) | D04 |
| [C00119 Engage payload and debunk.](../generated_pages/counters/C00119.md) | D07 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00165 Ensure integrity of official documents](../generated_pages/counters/C00165.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00190 open engagement with civil society](../generated_pages/counters/C00190.md) | D03 |
| [C00195 Redirect searches away from disinformation or extremist content ](../generated_pages/counters/C00195.md) | D02 |
| [C00200 Respected figure (influencer) disavows misinfo](../generated_pages/counters/C00200.md) | D03 |
| [C00202 Set data 'honeytraps'](../generated_pages/counters/C00202.md) | D02 |
| [C00205 strong dialogue between the federal government and private sector to encourage better reporting](../generated_pages/counters/C00205.md) | D03 |
| [C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00211.md) | D03 |
| [C00219 Add metadata to content that’s out of the control of disinformation creators](../generated_pages/counters/C00219.md) | D04 |
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# Technique T0026: Create fake research
* **Summary**: Create fake academic research. Example: fake social science research is often aimed at hot-button social issues such as gender, race and sexuality. Fake science research can target Climate Science debate or pseudoscience like anti-vaxx
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA06
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00081 Highlight flooding and noise, and explain motivations](../generated_pages/counters/C00081.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00094 Force full disclosure on corporate sponsor of research](../generated_pages/counters/C00094.md) | D04 |
| [C00096 Strengthen institutions that are always truth tellers](../generated_pages/counters/C00096.md) | D07 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00117 Downgrade / de-amplify so message is seen by fewer people](../generated_pages/counters/C00117.md) | D04 |
| [C00119 Engage payload and debunk.](../generated_pages/counters/C00119.md) | D07 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00195 Redirect searches away from disinformation or extremist content ](../generated_pages/counters/C00195.md) | D02 |
| [C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00211.md) | D03 |
| [C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00211.md) | D03 |
| [C00219 Add metadata to content that’s out of the control of disinformation creators](../generated_pages/counters/C00219.md) | D04 |
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# Technique T0027: Adapt existing narratives
* **Summary**: Adapting existing narratives to current operational goals is the tactical sweet-spot for an effective misinformation campaign. Leveraging existing narratives is not only more effective, it requires substantially less resourcing, as the promotion of new master narratives operates on a much larger scale, both time and scope. Fluid, dynamic & often interchangeable key master narratives can be ("The morally corrupt West") adapted to divisive (LGBT propaganda) or to distort (individuals working as CIA operatives). For Western audiences, different but equally powerful framings are available, such as "USA has a fraught history in race relations, especially in criminal justice areas."
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA06
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00013 Rating framework for news](../generated_pages/counters/C00013.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00017 Repair broken social connections](../generated_pages/counters/C00017.md) | D03 |
| [C00019 Reduce effect of division-enablers](../generated_pages/counters/C00019.md) | D03 |
| [C00021 Encourage in-person communication](../generated_pages/counters/C00021.md) | D04 |
| [C00022 Innoculate. Positive campaign to promote feeling of safety](../generated_pages/counters/C00022.md) | D04 |
| [C00024 Promote healthy narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00024.md) | D04 |
| [C00027 Create culture of civility](../generated_pages/counters/C00027.md) | D07 |
| [C00029 Create fake website to issue counter narrative and counter narrative through physical merchandise](../generated_pages/counters/C00029.md) | D03 |
| [C00030 Develop a compelling counter narrative (truth based)](../generated_pages/counters/C00030.md) | D03 |
| [C00031 Dilute the core narrative - create multiple permutations, target / amplify](../generated_pages/counters/C00031.md) | D03 |
| [C00042 Address truth contained in narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00042.md) | D04 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00072 Remove non-relevant content from special interest groups - not recommended](../generated_pages/counters/C00072.md) | D02 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00080 Create competing narrative](../generated_pages/counters/C00080.md) | D03 |
| [C00081 Highlight flooding and noise, and explain motivations](../generated_pages/counters/C00081.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00084 Modify disinformation narratives, and rebroadcast them](../generated_pages/counters/C00084.md) | D03 |
| [C00096 Strengthen institutions that are always truth tellers](../generated_pages/counters/C00096.md) | D07 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00125 Prebunking](../generated_pages/counters/C00125.md) | D03 |
| [C00126 Social media amber alert](../generated_pages/counters/C00126.md) | D03 |
| [C00156 Better tell your country or organization story](../generated_pages/counters/C00156.md) | D03 |
| [C00161 Coalition Building with stakeholders and Third-Party Inducements](../generated_pages/counters/C00161.md) | D07 |
| [C00162 Unravel/target the Potemkin villages](../generated_pages/counters/C00162.md) | D03 |
| [C00164 compatriot policy](../generated_pages/counters/C00164.md) | D03 |
| [C00169 develop a creative content hub](../generated_pages/counters/C00169.md) | D03 |
| [C00174 Create a healthier news environment](../generated_pages/counters/C00174.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00188 Newsroom/Journalist training to counter influence moves](../generated_pages/counters/C00188.md) | D03 |
| [C00190 open engagement with civil society](../generated_pages/counters/C00190.md) | D03 |
| [C00195 Redirect searches away from disinformation or extremist content ](../generated_pages/counters/C00195.md) | D02 |
| [C00200 Respected figure (influencer) disavows misinfo](../generated_pages/counters/C00200.md) | D03 |
| [C00203 Stop offering press credentials to propaganda outlets](../generated_pages/counters/C00203.md) | D03 |
| [C00205 strong dialogue between the federal government and private sector to encourage better reporting](../generated_pages/counters/C00205.md) | D03 |
| [C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00211.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0028: Create competing narratives
* **Summary**: Misinformation promotes an agenda by advancing narratives supportive of that agenda. This is most effective when the advanced narrative pre-dates the revelation of the specific misinformation content. But this is often not possible.
Suppressing or discouraging narratives already spreading requires an alternative. The most simple set of narrative techniques in response would be the construction and promotion of contradictory alternatives centered on denial, deflection, dismissal, counter-charges, excessive standards of proof, bias in prohibition or enforcement, and so on.
These competing narratives allow loyalists cover, but are less compelling to opponents and fence-sitters than campaigns built around existing narratives or highly explanatory master narratives. Competing narratives, as such, are especially useful in the *firehose of misinformation* approach.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA06
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00013 Rating framework for news](../generated_pages/counters/C00013.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00017 Repair broken social connections](../generated_pages/counters/C00017.md) | D03 |
| [C00019 Reduce effect of division-enablers](../generated_pages/counters/C00019.md) | D03 |
| [C00021 Encourage in-person communication](../generated_pages/counters/C00021.md) | D04 |
| [C00022 Innoculate. Positive campaign to promote feeling of safety](../generated_pages/counters/C00022.md) | D04 |
| [C00024 Promote healthy narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00024.md) | D04 |
| [C00027 Create culture of civility](../generated_pages/counters/C00027.md) | D07 |
| [C00029 Create fake website to issue counter narrative and counter narrative through physical merchandise](../generated_pages/counters/C00029.md) | D03 |
| [C00030 Develop a compelling counter narrative (truth based)](../generated_pages/counters/C00030.md) | D03 |
| [C00031 Dilute the core narrative - create multiple permutations, target / amplify](../generated_pages/counters/C00031.md) | D03 |
| [C00042 Address truth contained in narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00042.md) | D04 |
| [C00080 Create competing narrative](../generated_pages/counters/C00080.md) | D03 |
| [C00081 Highlight flooding and noise, and explain motivations](../generated_pages/counters/C00081.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00084 Modify disinformation narratives, and rebroadcast them](../generated_pages/counters/C00084.md) | D03 |
| [C00203 Stop offering press credentials to propaganda outlets](../generated_pages/counters/C00203.md) | D03 |
| [C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00211.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0029: Manipulate online polls
* **Summary**: Create fake online polls, or manipulate existing online polls. Data gathering tactic to target those who engage, and potentially their networks of friends/followers as well
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA07
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | manipulate social media "online polls"? |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | manipulate social media "online polls"? |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00044 Keep people from posting to social media immediately](../generated_pages/counters/C00044.md) | D03 |
| [C00097 Require use of verified identities to contribute to poll or comment](../generated_pages/counters/C00097.md) | D02 |
| [C00101 Create friction by rate-limiting engagement](../generated_pages/counters/C00101.md) | D04 |
| [C00103 Create a bot that engages / distract trolls](../generated_pages/counters/C00103.md) | D05 |
| [C00123 Remove or rate limit botnets](../generated_pages/counters/C00123.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0030: Backstop personas
* **Summary**: Create other assets/dossier/cover/fake relationships and/or connections or documents, sites, bylines, attributions, to establish/augment/inflate crediblity/believability
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA07
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | Backstop personas |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | Backstop personas |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00034 Create more friction at account creation](../generated_pages/counters/C00034.md) | D04 |
| [C00036 Infiltrate the in-group to discredit leaders (divide)](../generated_pages/counters/C00036.md) | D02 |
| [C00052 Infiltrate platforms](../generated_pages/counters/C00052.md) | D04 |
| [C00053 Delete old accounts / Remove unused social media accounts](../generated_pages/counters/C00053.md) | D04 |
| [C00097 Require use of verified identities to contribute to poll or comment](../generated_pages/counters/C00097.md) | D02 |
| [C00099 Strengthen verification methods](../generated_pages/counters/C00099.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0031: YouTube
* **Summary**: Use YouTube as a narrative dissemination channel
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA07
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | YouTube; Reddit; LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp? |
| [I00010 ParklandTeens](../generated_pages/incidents/I00010.md) | YouTube; Reddit |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | YouTube; Reddit; (Instagram, LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp?) |
| [I00029 MH17 investigation](../generated_pages/incidents/I00029.md) | YouTube; Reddit; |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | YouTube; Reddit; (Instagram, LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp?) |
| [I00044 JadeHelm exercise](../generated_pages/incidents/I00044.md) | YouTube; Reddit |
| [I00049 White Helmets: Chemical Weapons](../generated_pages/incidents/I00049.md) | YouTube; Reddit; |
| [I00050 #HandsOffVenezuela](../generated_pages/incidents/I00050.md) | YouTube; Reddit; |
| [I00051 Integrity Initiative](../generated_pages/incidents/I00051.md) | YouTube; Reddit |
| [I00063 Olympic Doping Scandal](../generated_pages/incidents/I00063.md) | YouTube; Reddit; |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
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# Technique T0032: Reddit
* **Summary**: Use Reddit as a narrative dissemination channel
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA07
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | YouTube; Reddit; LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp? |
| [I00010 ParklandTeens](../generated_pages/incidents/I00010.md) | YouTube; Reddit |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | YouTube; Reddit; (Instagram, LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp?) |
| [I00029 MH17 investigation](../generated_pages/incidents/I00029.md) | YouTube; Reddit; |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | YouTube; Reddit; (Instagram, LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp?) |
| [I00044 JadeHelm exercise](../generated_pages/incidents/I00044.md) | YouTube; Reddit |
| [I00049 White Helmets: Chemical Weapons](../generated_pages/incidents/I00049.md) | YouTube; Reddit; |
| [I00050 #HandsOffVenezuela](../generated_pages/incidents/I00050.md) | YouTube; Reddit; |
| [I00051 Integrity Initiative](../generated_pages/incidents/I00051.md) | YouTube; Reddit |
| [I00063 Olympic Doping Scandal](../generated_pages/incidents/I00063.md) | YouTube; Reddit; |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
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# Technique T0033: Instagram
* **Summary**: Use Instagram as a narrative dissemination channel
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA07
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | YouTube; Reddit; (Instagram, LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp?) |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | YouTube; Reddit; (Instagram, LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp?) |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
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# Technique T0034: LinkedIn
* **Summary**: Use LinkedIn as a narrative dissemination channel
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA07
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | YouTube; Reddit; LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp? |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | YouTube; Reddit; (Instagram, LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp?) |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | YouTube; Reddit; (Instagram, LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp?) |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
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# Technique T0035: Pinterest
* **Summary**: Use Pinterest as a narrative dissemination channel
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA07
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | YouTube; Reddit; LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp? |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | YouTube; Reddit; (Instagram, LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp?) |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | YouTube; Reddit; (Instagram, LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp?) |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
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# Technique T0036: WhatsApp
* **Summary**: Use WhatsApp as a narrative dissemination channel
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA07
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | YouTube; Reddit; LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp? |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | YouTube; Reddit; (Instagram, LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp?) |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | YouTube; Reddit; (Instagram, LinkedIn; Pinterest; WhatsApp?) |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
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# Technique T0037: Facebook
* **Summary**: Use Facebook as a narrative dissemination channel
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA07
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
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# Technique T0038: Twitter
* **Summary**: Use Twitter as a narrative dissemination channel
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA07
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00098 Revocation of allowlisted or "verified" status](../generated_pages/counters/C00098.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0039: Bait legitimate influencers
* **Summary**: Credibility in a social media environment is often a function of the size of a user's network. "Influencers" are so-called because of their reach, typically understood as: 1) the size of their network (i.e. the number of followers, perhaps weighted by their own influence); and 2) The rate at which their comments are re-circulated (these two metrics are related). Add traditional media players at all levels of credibility and professionalism to this, and the number of potential influencial carriers available for unwitting amplification becomes substantial.
By targeting high-influence people and organizations in all types of media with narratives and content engineered to appeal their emotional or ideological drivers, influence campaigns are able to add perceived credibility to their messaging via saturation and adoption by trusted agents such as celebrities, journalists and local leaders.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA08
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00006 Columbian Chemicals](../generated_pages/incidents/I00006.md) | bait journalists/media/politicians |
| [I00010 ParklandTeens](../generated_pages/incidents/I00010.md) | journalist/media baiting |
| [I00015 ConcordDiscovery](../generated_pages/incidents/I00015.md) | journalist/media baiting |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00009 Educate high profile influencers on best practices](../generated_pages/counters/C00009.md) | D02 |
| [C00027 Create culture of civility](../generated_pages/counters/C00027.md) | D07 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00072 Remove non-relevant content from special interest groups - not recommended](../generated_pages/counters/C00072.md) | D02 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00076 Prohibit images in political discourse channels](../generated_pages/counters/C00076.md) | D02 |
| [C00087 Make more noise than the disinformation](../generated_pages/counters/C00087.md) | D04 |
| [C00092 Establish a truth teller reputation score for influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00092.md) | D07 |
| [C00093 Influencer code of conduct](../generated_pages/counters/C00093.md) | D07 |
| [C00114 Don't engage with payloads](../generated_pages/counters/C00114.md) | D02 |
| [C00154 Ask media not to report false information](../generated_pages/counters/C00154.md) | D02 |
| [C00160 find and train influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00160.md) | D02 |
| [C00162 Unravel/target the Potemkin villages](../generated_pages/counters/C00162.md) | D03 |
| [C00169 develop a creative content hub](../generated_pages/counters/C00169.md) | D03 |
| [C00184 Media exposure](../generated_pages/counters/C00184.md) | D04 |
| [C00188 Newsroom/Journalist training to counter influence moves](../generated_pages/counters/C00188.md) | D03 |
| [C00203 Stop offering press credentials to propaganda outlets](../generated_pages/counters/C00203.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0040: Demand unsurmountable proof
* **Summary**: Campaigns often leverage tactical and informational asymmetries on the threat surface, as seen in the Distort and Deny strategies, and the "firehose of misinformation". Specifically, conspiracy theorists can be repeatedly wrong, but advocates of the truth need to be perfect. By constantly escalating demands for proof, propagandists can effectively leverage this asymmetry while also priming its future use, often with an even greater asymmetric advantage. The conspiracist is offered freer rein for a broader range of "questions" while the truth teller is burdened with higher and higher standards of proof.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA08
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00029 MH17 investigation](../generated_pages/incidents/I00029.md) | Demand insurmountable proof |
| [I00047 Sea of Azov](../generated_pages/incidents/I00047.md) | Demand insurmountable proof |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00112 "Prove they are not an op!"](../generated_pages/counters/C00112.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0041: Deny involvement
* **Summary**: Without "smoking gun" proof (and even with proof), incident creator can or will deny involvement. This technique also leverages the attacker advantages outlined in T0040 "Demand unsurmountable proof", specifically the asymmetric disadvantage for truth-tellers in a "firehose of misinformation" environment.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA08
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00115 Expose actor and intentions](../generated_pages/counters/C00115.md) | D02 |
| [C00116 Provide proof of involvement](../generated_pages/counters/C00116.md) | D02 |
| [C00184 Media exposure](../generated_pages/counters/C00184.md) | D04 |
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# Technique T0042: Kernel of Truth
* **Summary**: Wrap lies or altered context/facts around truths.
Influence campaigns pursue a variety of objectives with respect to target audiences, prominent among them: 1. undermine a narrative commonly referenced in the target audience; or 2. promote a narrative less common in the target audience, but preferred by the attacker. In both cases, the attacker is presented with a heavy lift. They must change the relative importance of various narratives in the interpretation of events, despite contrary tendencies.
When messaging makes use of factual reporting to promote these adjustments in the narrative space, they are less likely to be dismissed out of hand; when messaging can juxtapose a (factual) truth about current affairs with the (abstract) truth explicated in these narratives, propagandists can undermine or promote them selectively. Context matters.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA08
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00009 Educate high profile influencers on best practices](../generated_pages/counters/C00009.md) | D02 |
| [C00042 Address truth contained in narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00042.md) | D04 |
| [C00112 "Prove they are not an op!"](../generated_pages/counters/C00112.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0043: Use SMS/ WhatsApp/ Chat apps
* **Summary**: Direct messaging via encypted app is an increasing method of delivery. These messages are often automated and new delivery and storage methods make them anonymous, viral, and ephemeral. This is a diffucult space to monitor, but also a difficult space to build acclaim or notoriety.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA08
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00006 Columbian Chemicals](../generated_pages/incidents/I00006.md) | Use SMS/text messages |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00006 Charge for social media](../generated_pages/counters/C00006.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00121 Tool transparency and literacy for channels people follow. ](../generated_pages/counters/C00121.md) | D07 |
| [C00135 Deplatform message groups and/or message boards](../generated_pages/counters/C00135.md) | D03 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
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# Technique T0044: Seed distortions
* **Summary**: Try a wide variety of messages in the early hours surrounding an incident or event, to give a misleading account or impression.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA08
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00015 ConcordDiscovery](../generated_pages/incidents/I00015.md) | Circulate to media via DM, then release publicly |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00009 Educate high profile influencers on best practices](../generated_pages/counters/C00009.md) | D02 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00019 Reduce effect of division-enablers](../generated_pages/counters/C00019.md) | D03 |
| [C00021 Encourage in-person communication](../generated_pages/counters/C00021.md) | D04 |
| [C00022 Innoculate. Positive campaign to promote feeling of safety](../generated_pages/counters/C00022.md) | D04 |
| [C00024 Promote healthy narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00024.md) | D04 |
| [C00027 Create culture of civility](../generated_pages/counters/C00027.md) | D07 |
| [C00042 Address truth contained in narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00042.md) | D04 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00072 Remove non-relevant content from special interest groups - not recommended](../generated_pages/counters/C00072.md) | D02 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00076 Prohibit images in political discourse channels](../generated_pages/counters/C00076.md) | D02 |
| [C00078 Change Search Algorithms for Disinformation Content](../generated_pages/counters/C00078.md) | D03 |
| [C00081 Highlight flooding and noise, and explain motivations](../generated_pages/counters/C00081.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00086 Distract from noise with addictive content](../generated_pages/counters/C00086.md) | D04 |
| [C00087 Make more noise than the disinformation](../generated_pages/counters/C00087.md) | D04 |
| [C00092 Establish a truth teller reputation score for influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00092.md) | D07 |
| [C00117 Downgrade / de-amplify so message is seen by fewer people](../generated_pages/counters/C00117.md) | D04 |
| [C00118 Repurpose images with new text](../generated_pages/counters/C00118.md) | D04 |
| [C00119 Engage payload and debunk.](../generated_pages/counters/C00119.md) | D07 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00174 Create a healthier news environment](../generated_pages/counters/C00174.md) | D02 |
| [C00184 Media exposure](../generated_pages/counters/C00184.md) | D04 |
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# Technique T0045: Use fake experts
* **Summary**: Use the fake experts that were set up in T0009. Pseudo-experts are disposable assets that often appear once and then disappear. Give "credility" to misinformation. Take advantage of credential bias
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA08
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00009 PhilippinesExpert](../generated_pages/incidents/I00009.md) | Using "expert" |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00036 Infiltrate the in-group to discredit leaders (divide)](../generated_pages/counters/C00036.md) | D02 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00048 Name and Shame Influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00048.md) | D07 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00092 Establish a truth teller reputation score for influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00092.md) | D07 |
| [C00097 Require use of verified identities to contribute to poll or comment](../generated_pages/counters/C00097.md) | D02 |
| [C00099 Strengthen verification methods](../generated_pages/counters/C00099.md) | D02 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00113 Debunk and defuse a fake expert / credentials.](../generated_pages/counters/C00113.md) | D02 |
| [C00117 Downgrade / de-amplify so message is seen by fewer people](../generated_pages/counters/C00117.md) | D04 |
| [C00119 Engage payload and debunk.](../generated_pages/counters/C00119.md) | D07 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00125 Prebunking](../generated_pages/counters/C00125.md) | D03 |
| [C00126 Social media amber alert](../generated_pages/counters/C00126.md) | D03 |
| [C00133 Deplatform Account*](../generated_pages/counters/C00133.md) | D03 |
| [C00133 Deplatform Account*](../generated_pages/counters/C00133.md) | D03 |
| [C00154 Ask media not to report false information](../generated_pages/counters/C00154.md) | D02 |
| [C00174 Create a healthier news environment](../generated_pages/counters/C00174.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00184 Media exposure](../generated_pages/counters/C00184.md) | D04 |
| [C00184 Media exposure](../generated_pages/counters/C00184.md) | D04 |
| [C00188 Newsroom/Journalist training to counter influence moves](../generated_pages/counters/C00188.md) | D03 |
| [C00195 Redirect searches away from disinformation or extremist content ](../generated_pages/counters/C00195.md) | D02 |
| [C00200 Respected figure (influencer) disavows misinfo](../generated_pages/counters/C00200.md) | D03 |
| [C00203 Stop offering press credentials to propaganda outlets](../generated_pages/counters/C00203.md) | D03 |
| [C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00211.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0046: Search Engine Optimization
* **Summary**: Manipulate content engagement metrics (ie: Reddit & Twitter) to influence/impact news search results (e.g. Google), also elevates RT & Sputnik headline into Google news alert emails. aka "Black-hat SEO"
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA08
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00002 #VaccinateUS](../generated_pages/incidents/I00002.md) | SEO optimisation/manipulation ("key words") |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | SEO optimisation/manipulation ("key words") |
| [I00010 ParklandTeens](../generated_pages/incidents/I00010.md) | SEO optimisation/manipulation ("key words") |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | SEO optimisation/manipulation ("key words") |
| [I00029 MH17 investigation](../generated_pages/incidents/I00029.md) | SEO optimisation/manipulation ("key words") |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | SEO optimisation/manipulation ("key words") |
| [I00044 JadeHelm exercise](../generated_pages/incidents/I00044.md) | SEO optimisation/manipulation ("key words") |
| [I00049 White Helmets: Chemical Weapons](../generated_pages/incidents/I00049.md) | SEO optimisation/manipulation ("key words") |
| [I00050 #HandsOffVenezuela](../generated_pages/incidents/I00050.md) | SEO optimisation/manipulation ("key words") |
| [I00051 Integrity Initiative](../generated_pages/incidents/I00051.md) | SEO optimisation/manipulation ("key words") |
| [I00056 Iran Influence Operations](../generated_pages/incidents/I00056.md) | SEO optimisation/manipulation ("key words") |
| [I00063 Olympic Doping Scandal](../generated_pages/incidents/I00063.md) | SEO optimisation/manipulation ("key words") |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00070 Block access to disinformation resources](../generated_pages/counters/C00070.md) | D02 |
| [C00078 Change Search Algorithms for Disinformation Content](../generated_pages/counters/C00078.md) | D03 |
| [C00117 Downgrade / de-amplify so message is seen by fewer people](../generated_pages/counters/C00117.md) | D04 |
| [C00149 Poison the monitoring & evaluation data](../generated_pages/counters/C00149.md) | D04 |
| [C00188 Newsroom/Journalist training to counter influence moves](../generated_pages/counters/C00188.md) | D03 |
| [C00195 Redirect searches away from disinformation or extremist content ](../generated_pages/counters/C00195.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0047: Muzzle social media as a political force
* **Summary**: Use political influence or the power of state to stop critical social media comments. Government requested/driven content take downs (see Google Transperancy reports.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA09
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00033 China 50cent Army](../generated_pages/incidents/I00033.md) | cow online opinion leaders into submission, muzzling social media as a political force |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00060 Legal action against for-profit engagement factories](../generated_pages/counters/C00060.md) | D03 |
| [C00093 Influencer code of conduct](../generated_pages/counters/C00093.md) | D07 |
| [C00120 Open dialogue about design of platforms to produce different outcomes](../generated_pages/counters/C00120.md) | D07 |
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# Technique T0048: Cow online opinion leaders
* **Summary**: Intimidate, coerce, threaten critics/dissidents/journalists via trolling, doxing.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA09
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00033 China 50cent Army](../generated_pages/incidents/I00033.md) | cow online opinion leaders into submission, muzzling social media as a political force |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00009 Educate high profile influencers on best practices](../generated_pages/counters/C00009.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00027 Create culture of civility](../generated_pages/counters/C00027.md) | D07 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00048 Name and Shame Influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00048.md) | D07 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00087 Make more noise than the disinformation](../generated_pages/counters/C00087.md) | D04 |
| [C00093 Influencer code of conduct](../generated_pages/counters/C00093.md) | D07 |
| [C00114 Don't engage with payloads](../generated_pages/counters/C00114.md) | D02 |
| [C00115 Expose actor and intentions](../generated_pages/counters/C00115.md) | D02 |
| [C00154 Ask media not to report false information](../generated_pages/counters/C00154.md) | D02 |
| [C00160 find and train influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00160.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0049: Flooding
* **Summary**: Flooding and/or mobbing social media channels feeds and/or hashtag with excessive volume of content to control/shape online conversations and/or drown out opposing points of view. Bots and/or patriotic trolls are effective tools to acheive this effect.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA09
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00033 China 50cent Army](../generated_pages/incidents/I00033.md) | 2,000,000 people (est.) part of state run/sponsored astroturfing |
| [I00034 DibaFacebookExpedition](../generated_pages/incidents/I00034.md) | flood the Facebook pages of Taiwanese politicians and news agencies with a pro-PRC message, Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), attracted nearly 40,000 Facebook comments in just eight hours. |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00044 Keep people from posting to social media immediately](../generated_pages/counters/C00044.md) | D03 |
| [C00072 Remove non-relevant content from special interest groups - not recommended](../generated_pages/counters/C00072.md) | D02 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00086 Distract from noise with addictive content](../generated_pages/counters/C00086.md) | D04 |
| [C00087 Make more noise than the disinformation](../generated_pages/counters/C00087.md) | D04 |
| [C00091 Honeypot social community](../generated_pages/counters/C00091.md) | D05 |
| [C00101 Create friction by rate-limiting engagement](../generated_pages/counters/C00101.md) | D04 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00123 Remove or rate limit botnets](../generated_pages/counters/C00123.md) | D03 |
| [C00128 Create friction by marking content with ridicule or other "decelerants"](../generated_pages/counters/C00128.md) | D03 |
| [C00131 Seize and analyse botnet servers](../generated_pages/counters/C00131.md) | D02 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
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# Technique T0050: Cheerleading domestic social media ops
* **Summary**: Deploy state-coordinated social media commenters and astroturfers. Both internal/domestic and external social media influence operations.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA09
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00033 China 50cent Army](../generated_pages/incidents/I00033.md) | domestic social media influence operations focus primarily on “cheerleading” or presenting or furthering a positive narrative about the Chinese state |
| [I00053 China Huawei CFO Arrest](../generated_pages/incidents/I00053.md) | Extend digital the physical space… gatherings ie: support for Meng outside courthouse |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00044 Keep people from posting to social media immediately](../generated_pages/counters/C00044.md) | D03 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00086 Distract from noise with addictive content](../generated_pages/counters/C00086.md) | D04 |
| [C00087 Make more noise than the disinformation](../generated_pages/counters/C00087.md) | D04 |
| [C00128 Create friction by marking content with ridicule or other "decelerants"](../generated_pages/counters/C00128.md) | D03 |
| [C00162 Unravel/target the Potemkin villages](../generated_pages/counters/C00162.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0051: Fabricate social media comment
* **Summary**: Use government-paid social media commenters, astroturfers, chat bots (programmed to reply to specific key words/hashtags) influence online conversations, product reviews, web-site comment forums.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA09
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00033 China 50cent Army](../generated_pages/incidents/I00033.md) | fabricated social media comment |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00044 Keep people from posting to social media immediately](../generated_pages/counters/C00044.md) | D03 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00048 Name and Shame Influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00048.md) | D07 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00086 Distract from noise with addictive content](../generated_pages/counters/C00086.md) | D04 |
| [C00087 Make more noise than the disinformation](../generated_pages/counters/C00087.md) | D04 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
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# Technique T0052: Tertiary sites amplify news
* **Summary**: Create content/news/opinion web-sites to cross-post stories. Tertiary sites circulate and amplify narratives. Often these sites have no masthead, bylines or attribution.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA09
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00009 PhilippinesExpert](../generated_pages/incidents/I00009.md) | News circulated/amplifed by tertiary sites (Russia Insider, The Duran, Geopolitica.ru, Mint Press News, Oriental Review, globalresearch.ca) |
| [I00029 MH17 investigation](../generated_pages/incidents/I00029.md) | News circulated/amplifed by tertiary sites (Russia Insider, The Duran, Geopolitica.ru, Mint Press News, Oriental Review, globalresearch.ca) |
| [I00049 White Helmets: Chemical Weapons](../generated_pages/incidents/I00049.md) | News circulated/amplifed by tertiary sites (Russia Insider, The Duran, Geopolitica.ru, Mint Press News, Oriental Review, globalresearch.ca) |
| [I00050 #HandsOffVenezuela](../generated_pages/incidents/I00050.md) | News circulated/amplifed by tertiary sites (Mint Press News, globalresearch.ca) |
| [I00063 Olympic Doping Scandal](../generated_pages/incidents/I00063.md) | News circulated/amplifed by tertiary sites (Russia Insider, The Duran, Geopolitica.ru, Mint Press News, Oriental Review, globalresearch.ca) |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00009 Educate high profile influencers on best practices](../generated_pages/counters/C00009.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00013 Rating framework for news](../generated_pages/counters/C00013.md) | D02 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00019 Reduce effect of division-enablers](../generated_pages/counters/C00019.md) | D03 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00048 Name and Shame Influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00048.md) | D07 |
| [C00070 Block access to disinformation resources](../generated_pages/counters/C00070.md) | D02 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00078 Change Search Algorithms for Disinformation Content](../generated_pages/counters/C00078.md) | D03 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00087 Make more noise than the disinformation](../generated_pages/counters/C00087.md) | D04 |
| [C00115 Expose actor and intentions](../generated_pages/counters/C00115.md) | D02 |
| [C00120 Open dialogue about design of platforms to produce different outcomes](../generated_pages/counters/C00120.md) | D07 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00125 Prebunking](../generated_pages/counters/C00125.md) | D03 |
| [C00126 Social media amber alert](../generated_pages/counters/C00126.md) | D03 |
| [C00128 Create friction by marking content with ridicule or other "decelerants"](../generated_pages/counters/C00128.md) | D03 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00162 Unravel/target the Potemkin villages](../generated_pages/counters/C00162.md) | D03 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00203 Stop offering press credentials to propaganda outlets](../generated_pages/counters/C00203.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0053: Twitter trolls amplify and manipulate
* **Summary**: Use trolls to amplify narratives and/or manipulate narratives. Fake profiles/sockpuppets operating to support individuals/narratives from the entire political spectrum (left/right binary). Operating with increased emphasis on promoting local content and promoting real Twitter users generating their own, often divisive political content, as it's easier to amplify existing content than create new/original content. Trolls operate where ever there's a socially divisive issue (issues that can/are be politicized).
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA09
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| [I00007 Incirlik terrorists](../generated_pages/incidents/I00007.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| [I00010 ParklandTeens](../generated_pages/incidents/I00010.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| [I00022 #Macronleaks](../generated_pages/incidents/I00022.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| [I00029 MH17 investigation](../generated_pages/incidents/I00029.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| [I00044 JadeHelm exercise](../generated_pages/incidents/I00044.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| [I00047 Sea of Azov](../generated_pages/incidents/I00047.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| [I00049 White Helmets: Chemical Weapons](../generated_pages/incidents/I00049.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| [I00050 #HandsOffVenezuela](../generated_pages/incidents/I00050.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| [I00051 Integrity Initiative](../generated_pages/incidents/I00051.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| [I00056 Iran Influence Operations](../generated_pages/incidents/I00056.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| [I00063 Olympic Doping Scandal](../generated_pages/incidents/I00063.md) | Twitter trolls amplify & manipulate |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00006 Charge for social media](../generated_pages/counters/C00006.md) | D02 |
| [C00009 Educate high profile influencers on best practices](../generated_pages/counters/C00009.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00019 Reduce effect of division-enablers](../generated_pages/counters/C00019.md) | D03 |
| [C00021 Encourage in-person communication](../generated_pages/counters/C00021.md) | D04 |
| [C00022 Innoculate. Positive campaign to promote feeling of safety](../generated_pages/counters/C00022.md) | D04 |
| [C00024 Promote healthy narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00024.md) | D04 |
| [C00027 Create culture of civility](../generated_pages/counters/C00027.md) | D07 |
| [C00044 Keep people from posting to social media immediately](../generated_pages/counters/C00044.md) | D03 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00048 Name and Shame Influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00048.md) | D07 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00081 Highlight flooding and noise, and explain motivations](../generated_pages/counters/C00081.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00086 Distract from noise with addictive content](../generated_pages/counters/C00086.md) | D04 |
| [C00087 Make more noise than the disinformation](../generated_pages/counters/C00087.md) | D04 |
| [C00091 Honeypot social community](../generated_pages/counters/C00091.md) | D05 |
| [C00092 Establish a truth teller reputation score for influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00092.md) | D07 |
| [C00093 Influencer code of conduct](../generated_pages/counters/C00093.md) | D07 |
| [C00097 Require use of verified identities to contribute to poll or comment](../generated_pages/counters/C00097.md) | D02 |
| [C00101 Create friction by rate-limiting engagement](../generated_pages/counters/C00101.md) | D04 |
| [C00103 Create a bot that engages / distract trolls](../generated_pages/counters/C00103.md) | D05 |
| [C00115 Expose actor and intentions](../generated_pages/counters/C00115.md) | D02 |
| [C00120 Open dialogue about design of platforms to produce different outcomes](../generated_pages/counters/C00120.md) | D07 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00124 Don't feed the trolls](../generated_pages/counters/C00124.md) | D03 |
| [C00125 Prebunking](../generated_pages/counters/C00125.md) | D03 |
| [C00126 Social media amber alert](../generated_pages/counters/C00126.md) | D03 |
| [C00128 Create friction by marking content with ridicule or other "decelerants"](../generated_pages/counters/C00128.md) | D03 |
| [C00144 Buy out troll farm employees / offer them jobs](../generated_pages/counters/C00144.md) | D04 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
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# Technique T0054: Twitter bots amplify
* **Summary**: Use bots to amplify narratives above algorithm thresholds. Bots are automated/programmed profiles designed to amplify content (ie: automatically retweet or like) and give appearance it's more "popular" than it is. They can operate as a network, to function in a coordinated/orchestrated manner. In some cases (more so now) they are an inexpensive/disposable assets used for minimal deployment as bot detection tools improve and platforms are more responsive.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA09
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00007 Incirlik terrorists](../generated_pages/incidents/I00007.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00010 ParklandTeens](../generated_pages/incidents/I00010.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00022 #Macronleaks](../generated_pages/incidents/I00022.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00029 MH17 investigation](../generated_pages/incidents/I00029.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00042 Saudi/Qatar bot dispute](../generated_pages/incidents/I00042.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00044 JadeHelm exercise](../generated_pages/incidents/I00044.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00047 Sea of Azov](../generated_pages/incidents/I00047.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00049 White Helmets: Chemical Weapons](../generated_pages/incidents/I00049.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00050 #HandsOffVenezuela](../generated_pages/incidents/I00050.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00051 Integrity Initiative](../generated_pages/incidents/I00051.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00056 Iran Influence Operations](../generated_pages/incidents/I00056.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| [I00063 Olympic Doping Scandal](../generated_pages/incidents/I00063.md) | Twitter bots amplify & manipulate |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00006 Charge for social media](../generated_pages/counters/C00006.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00044 Keep people from posting to social media immediately](../generated_pages/counters/C00044.md) | D03 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00048 Name and Shame Influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00048.md) | D07 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00081 Highlight flooding and noise, and explain motivations](../generated_pages/counters/C00081.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00086 Distract from noise with addictive content](../generated_pages/counters/C00086.md) | D04 |
| [C00087 Make more noise than the disinformation](../generated_pages/counters/C00087.md) | D04 |
| [C00091 Honeypot social community](../generated_pages/counters/C00091.md) | D05 |
| [C00092 Establish a truth teller reputation score for influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00092.md) | D07 |
| [C00097 Require use of verified identities to contribute to poll or comment](../generated_pages/counters/C00097.md) | D02 |
| [C00101 Create friction by rate-limiting engagement](../generated_pages/counters/C00101.md) | D04 |
| [C00120 Open dialogue about design of platforms to produce different outcomes](../generated_pages/counters/C00120.md) | D07 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00123 Remove or rate limit botnets](../generated_pages/counters/C00123.md) | D03 |
| [C00125 Prebunking](../generated_pages/counters/C00125.md) | D03 |
| [C00126 Social media amber alert](../generated_pages/counters/C00126.md) | D03 |
| [C00128 Create friction by marking content with ridicule or other "decelerants"](../generated_pages/counters/C00128.md) | D03 |
| [C00131 Seize and analyse botnet servers](../generated_pages/counters/C00131.md) | D02 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00182 Redirection / malware detection/ remediation](../generated_pages/counters/C00182.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0055: Use hashtag
* **Summary**: Use a dedicated hashtag for the incident - either create a campaign/incident specific hashtag, or take over an existing hashtag.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA09
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00006 Columbian Chemicals](../generated_pages/incidents/I00006.md) | Create and use hashtag |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00009 Educate high profile influencers on best practices](../generated_pages/counters/C00009.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00032 Hijack content and link to truth- based info](../generated_pages/counters/C00032.md) | D03 |
| [C00044 Keep people from posting to social media immediately](../generated_pages/counters/C00044.md) | D03 |
| [C00066 Co-opt a hashtag and drown it out (hijack it back)](../generated_pages/counters/C00066.md) | D03 |
| [C00070 Block access to disinformation resources](../generated_pages/counters/C00070.md) | D02 |
| [C00072 Remove non-relevant content from special interest groups - not recommended](../generated_pages/counters/C00072.md) | D02 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00081 Highlight flooding and noise, and explain motivations](../generated_pages/counters/C00081.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00086 Distract from noise with addictive content](../generated_pages/counters/C00086.md) | D04 |
| [C00087 Make more noise than the disinformation](../generated_pages/counters/C00087.md) | D04 |
| [C00100 Hashtag jacking](../generated_pages/counters/C00100.md) | D03 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00120 Open dialogue about design of platforms to produce different outcomes](../generated_pages/counters/C00120.md) | D07 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00125 Prebunking](../generated_pages/counters/C00125.md) | D03 |
| [C00126 Social media amber alert](../generated_pages/counters/C00126.md) | D03 |
| [C00128 Create friction by marking content with ridicule or other "decelerants"](../generated_pages/counters/C00128.md) | D03 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00184 Media exposure](../generated_pages/counters/C00184.md) | D04 |
| [C00195 Redirect searches away from disinformation or extremist content ](../generated_pages/counters/C00195.md) | D02 |
| [C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00211.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0056: Dedicated channels disseminate information pollution
* **Summary**: Output information pollution (e.g. articles on an unreported false story/event) through channels controlled by or related to the incident creator.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA09
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00002 #VaccinateUS](../generated_pages/incidents/I00002.md) | create web-site - information pollution |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution |
| [I00007 Incirlik terrorists](../generated_pages/incidents/I00007.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution (report an unreported false story/event) |
| [I00009 PhilippinesExpert](../generated_pages/incidents/I00009.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution |
| [I00029 MH17 investigation](../generated_pages/incidents/I00029.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution (synthetic media) |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution |
| [I00044 JadeHelm exercise](../generated_pages/incidents/I00044.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution |
| [I00049 White Helmets: Chemical Weapons](../generated_pages/incidents/I00049.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution (synthetic media) |
| [I00050 #HandsOffVenezuela](../generated_pages/incidents/I00050.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution (synthetic media) |
| [I00051 Integrity Initiative](../generated_pages/incidents/I00051.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution |
| [I00053 China Huawei CFO Arrest](../generated_pages/incidents/I00053.md) | State-run media seeds foreign influence environment |
| [I00063 Olympic Doping Scandal](../generated_pages/incidents/I00063.md) | RT & Sputnik generate information pollution (synthetic media) |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00008 Create shared fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00008.md) | D04 |
| [C00009 Educate high profile influencers on best practices](../generated_pages/counters/C00009.md) | D02 |
| [C00011 Media literacy. Games to identify fake news](../generated_pages/counters/C00011.md) | D02 |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00013 Rating framework for news](../generated_pages/counters/C00013.md) | D02 |
| [C00014 Real-time updates to fact-checking database](../generated_pages/counters/C00014.md) | D04 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00019 Reduce effect of division-enablers](../generated_pages/counters/C00019.md) | D03 |
| [C00036 Infiltrate the in-group to discredit leaders (divide)](../generated_pages/counters/C00036.md) | D02 |
| [C00042 Address truth contained in narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00042.md) | D04 |
| [C00044 Keep people from posting to social media immediately](../generated_pages/counters/C00044.md) | D03 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00048 Name and Shame Influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00048.md) | D07 |
| [C00070 Block access to disinformation resources](../generated_pages/counters/C00070.md) | D02 |
| [C00071 Block source of pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00071.md) | D02 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00078 Change Search Algorithms for Disinformation Content](../generated_pages/counters/C00078.md) | D03 |
| [C00081 Highlight flooding and noise, and explain motivations](../generated_pages/counters/C00081.md) | D03 |
| [C00082 Ground truthing as automated response to pollution](../generated_pages/counters/C00082.md) | D03 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00087 Make more noise than the disinformation](../generated_pages/counters/C00087.md) | D04 |
| [C00092 Establish a truth teller reputation score for influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00092.md) | D07 |
| [C00115 Expose actor and intentions](../generated_pages/counters/C00115.md) | D02 |
| [C00120 Open dialogue about design of platforms to produce different outcomes](../generated_pages/counters/C00120.md) | D07 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00125 Prebunking](../generated_pages/counters/C00125.md) | D03 |
| [C00126 Social media amber alert](../generated_pages/counters/C00126.md) | D03 |
| [C00128 Create friction by marking content with ridicule or other "decelerants"](../generated_pages/counters/C00128.md) | D03 |
| [C00138 Spam domestic actors with lawsuits](../generated_pages/counters/C00138.md) | D03 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00162 Unravel/target the Potemkin villages](../generated_pages/counters/C00162.md) | D03 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00203 Stop offering press credentials to propaganda outlets](../generated_pages/counters/C00203.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0057: Organise remote rallies and events
* **Summary**: Coordinate and promote real-world events across media platforms, e.g. rallies, protests, gatherings in support of incident narratives.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA10
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00005 Brexit vote](../generated_pages/incidents/I00005.md) | Digital to physical "organize+promote" rallies & events? |
| [I00017 US presidential elections](../generated_pages/incidents/I00017.md) | Digital to physical "organize+promote" rallies & events |
| [I00032 Kavanaugh](../generated_pages/incidents/I00032.md) | Digital to physical "organize+promote" rallies & events? |
| [I00053 China Huawei CFO Arrest](../generated_pages/incidents/I00053.md) | Events coordinated and promoted across media platforms, Extend digital the physical space… gatherings ie: support for Meng outside courthouse |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00036 Infiltrate the in-group to discredit leaders (divide)](../generated_pages/counters/C00036.md) | D02 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00048 Name and Shame Influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00048.md) | D07 |
| [C00070 Block access to disinformation resources](../generated_pages/counters/C00070.md) | D02 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00126 Social media amber alert](../generated_pages/counters/C00126.md) | D03 |
| [C00128 Create friction by marking content with ridicule or other "decelerants"](../generated_pages/counters/C00128.md) | D03 |
| [C00129 Use banking to cut off access ](../generated_pages/counters/C00129.md) | D02 |
| [C00149 Poison the monitoring & evaluation data](../generated_pages/counters/C00149.md) | D04 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00211 Use humorous counter-narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00211.md) | D03 |
| [C00216 Use advertiser controls to stem flow of funds to bad actors](../generated_pages/counters/C00216.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0058: Legacy web content
* **Summary**: Make incident content visible for a long time, e.g. by exploiting platform terms of service, or placing it where it's hard to remove or unlikely to be removed.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA11
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| [I00002 #VaccinateUS](../generated_pages/incidents/I00002.md) | legacy web content, hard to remove content and/or campaign/exploit TOS |
| [I00056 Iran Influence Operations](../generated_pages/incidents/I00056.md) | legacy web content |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00016 Censorship](../generated_pages/counters/C00016.md) | D02 |
| [C00070 Block access to disinformation resources](../generated_pages/counters/C00070.md) | D02 |
| [C00143 (botnet) DMCA takedown requests to waste group time](../generated_pages/counters/C00143.md) | D04 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
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# Technique T0059: Play the long game
* **Summary**: Play the long game can mean a couple of things:
1. To plan messaging and allow it to grow organically without conducting your own amplification. This is methodical and slow and requires years for the message to take hold
2. To develop a series of seemingly disconnected messaging narratives that eventually combine into a new narrative.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA11
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00042 Address truth contained in narratives](../generated_pages/counters/C00042.md) | D04 |
| [C00084 Modify disinformation narratives, and rebroadcast them](../generated_pages/counters/C00084.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0060: Continue to amplify
* **Summary**: continue narrative or message amplification after the main incident work has finished
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA11
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00048 Name and Shame Influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00048.md) | D07 |
| [C00073 Inoculate populations through media literacy training](../generated_pages/counters/C00073.md) | D02 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00078 Change Search Algorithms for Disinformation Content](../generated_pages/counters/C00078.md) | D03 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00117 Downgrade / de-amplify so message is seen by fewer people](../generated_pages/counters/C00117.md) | D04 |
| [C00119 Engage payload and debunk.](../generated_pages/counters/C00119.md) | D07 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00123 Remove or rate limit botnets](../generated_pages/counters/C00123.md) | D03 |
| [C00131 Seize and analyse botnet servers](../generated_pages/counters/C00131.md) | D02 |
| [C00138 Spam domestic actors with lawsuits](../generated_pages/counters/C00138.md) | D03 |
| [C00143 (botnet) DMCA takedown requests to waste group time](../generated_pages/counters/C00143.md) | D04 |
| [C00147 Make amplification of social media posts expire (e.g. can't like/ retweet after n days)](../generated_pages/counters/C00147.md) | D03 |
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# Technique T0061: Sell merchandising
* **Summary**: Sell hats, t-shirts, flags and other branded content that's designed to be seen in the real world
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA10
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00012 Platform regulation](../generated_pages/counters/C00012.md) | D02 |
| [C00046 Marginalise and discredit extremist groups](../generated_pages/counters/C00046.md) | D04 |
| [C00048 Name and Shame Influencers](../generated_pages/counters/C00048.md) | D07 |
| [C00058 Report crowdfunder as violator](../generated_pages/counters/C00058.md) | D02 |
| [C00067 Denigrate the recipient/ project (of online funding)](../generated_pages/counters/C00067.md) | D03 |
| [C00074 Identify and delete or rate limit identical content](../generated_pages/counters/C00074.md) | D02 |
| [C00085 Mute content](../generated_pages/counters/C00085.md) | D03 |
| [C00107 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00107.md) | D02 |
| [C00122 Content moderation](../generated_pages/counters/C00122.md) | D02 |
| [C00128 Create friction by marking content with ridicule or other "decelerants"](../generated_pages/counters/C00128.md) | D03 |
| [C00129 Use banking to cut off access ](../generated_pages/counters/C00129.md) | D02 |
| [C00153 Take pre-emptive action against actors' infrastructure](../generated_pages/counters/C00153.md) | D03 |
| [C00176 Improve Coordination amongst stakeholders: public and private](../generated_pages/counters/C00176.md) | D07 |
| [C00216 Use advertiser controls to stem flow of funds to bad actors](../generated_pages/counters/C00216.md) | D02 |
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# Technique T0062: Behaviour changes
* **Summary**: Monitor and evaluate behaviour changes from misinformation incidents.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA12
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00047 Honeypot with coordinated inauthentics](../generated_pages/counters/C00047.md) | D05 |
| [C00090 Fake engagement system](../generated_pages/counters/C00090.md) | D05 |
| [C00091 Honeypot social community](../generated_pages/counters/C00091.md) | D05 |
| [C00103 Create a bot that engages / distract trolls](../generated_pages/counters/C00103.md) | D05 |
| [C00148 Add random links to network graphs](../generated_pages/counters/C00148.md) | D04 |
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# Technique T0063: Message reach
* **Summary**: Monitor and evaluate message reach in misinformation incidents.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA12
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
| [C00047 Honeypot with coordinated inauthentics](../generated_pages/counters/C00047.md) | D05 |
| [C00090 Fake engagement system](../generated_pages/counters/C00090.md) | D05 |
| [C00091 Honeypot social community](../generated_pages/counters/C00091.md) | D05 |
| [C00103 Create a bot that engages / distract trolls](../generated_pages/counters/C00103.md) | D05 |
| [C00124 Don't feed the trolls](../generated_pages/counters/C00124.md) | D03 |
| [C00136 Microtarget most likely targets then send them countermessages](../generated_pages/counters/C00136.md) | D03 |
| [C00148 Add random links to network graphs](../generated_pages/counters/C00148.md) | D04 |
| [C00149 Poison the monitoring & evaluation data](../generated_pages/counters/C00149.md) | D04 |
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# Technique T0064: Social media engagement
* **Summary**: Monitor and evaluate social media engagement in misinformation incidents.
* **Belongs to tactic stage**: TA12
| Incident | Descriptions given for this incident |
| -------- | -------------------- |
| Counters | Response types |
| -------- | -------------- |
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