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# Awesome Network Analysis [![Awesome](https://cdn.rawgit.com/sindresorhus/awesome/d7305f38d29fed78fa85652e3a63e154dd8e8829/media/badge.svg)](https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome)
An [awesome list](https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome) of resources to construct, analyze and visualize network data.
Inspired by [Awesome Deep Learning](https://github.com/ChristosChristofidis/awesome-deep-learning), [Awesome Math](https://github.com/rossant/awesome-math) and others.
## Table of Contents
- __[Books](#books)__
- __[Classics](#classics)__
- __[Dissemination](#dissemination)__
- __[General Overviews](#general-overviews)__
- __[Graph Theory](#graph-theory)__
- __[Method-specific](#method-specific)__
- __[Software-specific](#software-specific)__
- __[Topic-specific](#topic-specific)__
- __[Conferences](#conferences)__
- __[Courses](#courses)__
- __[Datasets](#datasets)__
- __[Journals](#journals)__
- __[Professional groups](#professional-groups)__
- __[Research Groups (USA)](#research-groups-usa)__
- __[Research Groups (Other)](#research-groups-other)__
- __[Review Articles](#review-articles)__
- __[Software](#software)__
- __[Algorithms](#algorithms)__
- __[C / C++](#c--c)__
- __[JavaScript](#javascript)__
- __[MATLAB](#matlab)__
- __[Python](#python)__
- __[R](#r)__
- __[Stata](#stata)__
- __[Syntaxes](#syntaxes)__
- __[Tutorials](#tutorials)__
- __[Varia](#varia)__
- __[Blog Series](#blog-series)__
- __[Fictional Networks](#fictional-networks)__
- __[Network Science](#network-science)__
- __[Small Worlds](#small-worlds)__
- __[Contribution Guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md)__
- __[License](#license)__
## Books
### Classics
1. _[A Novitiate in a Period of Change: An Experimental and Case Study of Social Relationships](https://www.dropbox.com/s/cwhmfp4qjl09y2k/Sampson%2C%20Samuel%201968.pdf?dl=0)_, by Samuel F. Sampson (unpublished PhD dissertation, 1968).
- _[Social Network Analysis. A Handbook](https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/social-network-analysis/book237401)_, by John Scott (1991, 3rd ed. 2013).
- _[Social Network Analysis. Methods and Applications](http://www.cambridge.org/ar/academic/subjects/sociology/sociology-general-interest/social-network-analysis-methods-and-applications)_, by Stanley Wasserman and Katherine Faust (1994).
- _[The Structure and Dynamics of Networks](http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8114.html)_, edited by Mark E.J. Newman, Albert-László Barabási and Duncan J. Watts - 600 pages of classic network analysis articles (2006).
### Dissemination
> Accessible introductions aimed at non-technical audiences.
1. _[Linked: The New Science of Networks](https://www3.nd.edu/~networks/Linked/index.html)_, by Albert-László Barabási - [Selected chapters online](http://barabasi.com/book/linked#linked) (2002).
- _[Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age](http://books.wwnorton.com/books/detail.aspx?ID=7599)_, by Duncan J. Watts (2003).
### General Overviews
1. _[Network Science](http://barabasilab.neu.edu/networksciencebook/downlPDF.html)_, by Albert-László Barabási - Full book online (2016).
- _[Network Science](http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11516/network-science)_, by the U.S. National Research Council - Full book online (2005).
- _[Networks. An Introduction](http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/networks-an-introduction/)_, by Mark E.J. Newman (2010).
- _[Networks, Crowds, and Markets: Reasoning About a Highly Connected World](http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/kleinber/networks-book/)_, by David Easley and Jon Kleinberg - Full pre-publication draft (2010).
- _[Réseaux sociaux et structures relationnelles](https://www.puf.com/content/R%C3%A9seaux_sociaux_et_structures_relationnelles)_, by Emmanuel Lazega, in French (2014).
- _[Sociologie des réseaux sociaux](http://pierremerckle.fr/2011/02/sociologie-des-reseaux-sociaux/)_, by Pierre Mercklé, in French (2011).
- _[Social and Economic Networks](http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8767.html)_, by Matthew O. Jackson (2008).
- _[Social Network Analysis with Applications](http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118169476.html)_, by Ian McCulloh, Helen Armstrong and Anthony Johnson (2013).
- _[Studying Social Networks. A Guide to Empirical Research](http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/S/bo15475096.html)_, by Marina Hennig _et al._ (2013).
### Graph Theory
1. _[Graph Theory](http://www.cs.unibo.it/babaoglu/courses/cas00-01/tutorials/GraphTheory.pdf)_, by Reinhard Diestel - Full book online (2000).
### Method-specific
1. _[Exponential Random Graph Models for Social Networks](http://www.cambridge.org/9780521193566)_, edited by Dean Lusher, Johan Koskinen and Garry Robins (2013).
- _Inferential Network Analysis_, by Skyler J. Cranmer, Bruce A. Desmarais and Jason Morgan (forthcoming).
- _[Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences](https://www.springer.com/fr/book/9783319245188)_, edited by Emmanuel Lazega and Tom A.B. Snijders (2016).
- _[Network Analysis: Methodological Foundations](https://www.springer.com/fr/book/9783540249795)_, edited by Ulrik Brandes and Thomas Erlebach - Covers network centrality, clustering, blockmodels, spatial networks and more (2005).
- _[Political Networks. The Structural Perspective](http://www.cambridge.org/ar/academic/subjects/sociology/political-sociology/political-networks-structural-perspective)_, by David Knoke (1994).
### Software-specific
1. _[Analyzing Social Networks](https://sites.google.com/site/analyzingsocialnetworks/)_ (using UCINET), by Stephen P. Borgatti, Martin G. Everett and Jeffrey C. Johnson (2013).
- _Network Analysis with R/igraph_, by Gabor Csárdi, Thomas Nepusz and Eduardo M. Airoldi (in preparation).
- _Network Analysis with Python/igraph_, by Thomas Nepusz, Gabor Csárdi and Eduardo M. Airoldi (in preparation).
- _[Statistical Analysis of Network Data with R](http://www.springer.com/us/book/9781493909827)_, by Eric D. Kolaczyk and Gabor Csárdi (2014).
### Topic-specific
1. _[Comparing Policy Networks. Labor Politics in the U.S., Germany, and Japan](http://www.cambridge.org/ar/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/comparative-politics/comparing-policy-networks-labor-politics-us-germany-and-japan)_, by David Knoke _et al._ (1996).
2. _[Dynamical Processes on Complex Networks](http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521879507)_, by Alain Barrat, Marc Barthélemy and Alessandro Vespignani (2008).
- _[Neighbor Networks. Competitive Advantage Local and Personal](https://global.oup.com/academic/product/neighbor-networks-9780199570690)_, by Ronald S. Burt (2010).
- _[Small Worlds: The Dynamics of Networks between Order and Randomness](http://press.princeton.edu/titles/6768.html)_, by Duncan J. Watts (2003).
- _[Visualisierung komplexer Strukturen. Grundlagen der Darstellung mehrdimensionaler Netzwerke](http://www.campus.de/buecher-campus-verlag/wissenschaft/soziologie/visualisierung_komplexer_strukturen-2467.html)_, by Lothar Krempel, in German.
## Conferences
1. [European Conference on Social Networks](http://eusn.org/) (EUSN).
- [PolNet - Annual Political Networks Workshops and Conference](http://conference.polinetworks.org/) (APSA).
- [Videos from the Political Networks 2009 Conference](https://vimeo.com/user2690333).
- [NetSci](http://www.netscisociety.net/) (Network Science Society).
- [Sunbelt](http://www.insna.org/archives.html) (INSNA).
## Courses
1. [CS 8803-NS: Network Science](http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~dovrolis/Courses/NetSci/), by Constantine Dovrolis - Mostly open access readings (Georgia Tech, 2015).
- [Complex Networks](https://www.uvm.edu/~pdodds/teaching/courses/2016-01UVM-303/), by Peter Sheridan Dodds (University of Vermont, 2016).
- [Graph Theory and Applications](http://www.hamilton.ie/ollie/Downloads/Graph.pdf), by Paul Van Dooren - Full lecture slides (Hamilton Institute, Dublin, 2009).
- [Graph Theory: Penn State Math 485 Lecture Notes](http://www.personal.psu.edu/cxg286/Math485.pdf), by Christopher Griffin - Full lecture notes (Penn State University, 2012).
- [Networks, Complexity and Its Applications (Media Arts and Sciences)](http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/media-arts-and-sciences/mas-961-networks-complexity-and-its-applications-spring-2011/), by Cesar Hidalgo (MIT, 2011).
- [Networks, Crowds and Markets](https://www.edx.org/course/networks-crowds-markets-cornellx-info2040x-2), by David Easley, Jon Kleinberg and Eva Tardos ([presentation](https://www.cornell.edu/video/cornellx-networks-crowds-and-markets); Cornell University via edX, 2016).
- [Networks (Economics)](http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/economics/14-15j-networks-fall-2009/), by Daron Acemoglu and Asu Ozdaglar (MIT, 2009).
- [Network Science (Physics)](http://barabasilab.neu.edu/courses/phys5116/), by Albert-László Barabási, Sean Cornelius and Roberta Sinatra (Northeastern University, 2015).
- [Political Networks: Methods and Applications](http://vanity.dss.ucdavis.edu/~maoz/networks/Spring%202011/pol279-11.htm), by Zeev Maoz (University of California in Davis, 2012).
- [Social and Economic Networks: Models and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/course/networksonline), by Matthew O. Jackson (Stanford University via Coursera, 2015).
- [Social Network Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/course/sna), by Lada Adamic (University of Michigan via Coursera, not yet run).
- [Social Network Analysis](http://www.mjdenny.com/workshops/SN_Theory_I.pdf) and [Intermediate Social Network Theory](http://www.mjdenny.com/workshops/Relational_Theory_Workshop.pdf), by Matthew J. Denny - Workshop notes and slides (2014–5).
- [The Structure of Information Networks](https://www.cs.cornell.edu/Courses/cs6850/2008fa/), by Jon Kleinberg - Links to many diverse readings (Cornell University, 2008).
## Datasets
> See also [Mangal](http://mangal.io/), an online platform and collection of tools to analyze, archive and share ecological network data ([preprint](http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/02/24/002634), [Python package](https://github.com/mangal-wg/pymangal), [R package](https://github.com/mangal-wg/rmangal)).
1. [Barabási and Albert Network Datasets](https://www3.nd.edu/~networks/resources.htm).
- [Bill Cosponsorship Networks in European Parliaments](https://github.com/briatte/parlnet).
- [Enron Email Dataset](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~enron/).
- [Eric D. Kolaczyk's Network Datasets](http://math.bu.edu/people/kolaczyk/datasets.html).
- [Gephi Datasets](https://github.com/gephi/gephi/wiki/Datasets).
- [igraphdata](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/igraphdata/index.html) (R data-centric package).
- [KONECT - The Koblenz Network Collection](http://konect.uni-koblenz.de/).
- [James H. Fowler's Cosponsorship Network Data Page](http://jhfowler.ucsd.edu/cosponsorship.htm).
- [Manlio De Domenico's Multilayer Networks](http://deim.urv.cat/~manlio.dedomenico/data.php).
- [Mark E.J. Newman's Network Data](http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/netdata/) ([example visualizations](http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/networks/)).
- [Pajek Datasets](http://vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/pub/networks/data/).
- [Siena Datasets](http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~snijders/siena/siena_datasets.htm).
- [Stanford Large Network Dataset Collection](http://snap.stanford.edu/data/index.html).
- [tnet Datasets](https://toreopsahl.com/datasets/).
- [UCI Network Data Repository](http://networkdata.ics.uci.edu/).
## Journals
> Journals that are not fully open-access are marked as "gated". Please also note that some of the publishers listed below are [deeply hurting](https://twitter.com/costofknowledge) scientific publishing.
1. _[Applied Network Science](http://appliednetsci.springeropen.com/)_ (Springer Open).
- _[Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory](http://link.springer.com/journal/10588)_ (Springer, gated).
- _[Computational Social Networks](http://computationalsocialnetworks.springeropen.com/)_ (Springer Open).
- _[Connections](http://www.insna.org/connections.html)_ (INSNA).
- _[Journal of Complex Networks](http://comnet.oxfordjournals.org/)_ (Oxford, gated).
- _[The Journal of Mathematical Sociology](http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gmas20)_ (Taylor & Francis, gated).
- _[Journal of Social Structure](http://www.cmu.edu/joss)_ (INSNA).
- _[Network Science](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=nws)_ (Cambridge, gated).
- _[REDES](http://revista-redes.rediris.es/)_, in Spanish (INSNA).
- _[Social Network Analysis and Mining](http://link.springer.com/journal/13278)_ (Springer, gated).
- _[Social Networks](http://ees.elsevier.com/son/default.asp)_ (Elsevier, gated).
## Professional groups
1. [AFS RT 26 “Réseaux sociaux”](http://www.cmh.pro.ens.fr/reseaux-sociaux/) - Thematic Network of the French Sociological Association, in French.
- [ECPR Political Networks SG](https://politicalnetsecpr.wordpress.com/) - Standing Group of the European Consortium for Political Research ([Twitter account](https://twitter.com/politicalnets)).
- [GDR Analyse de réseaux en sciences humaines et sociales](http://arshs.hypotheses.org/), in French.
- [Groupe FMR - Flux, Matrices, Réseaux](http://groupefmr.hypotheses.org/), in French.
- [INSNA: International Network for Social Network Analysis](http://www.insna.org/) ([SOCNET mailing-list](http://www.insna.org/pubs/socnet.html)).
- [Mathematical Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association (ASA)](http://www.asanet.org/sections/mathematical.cfm).
- [NetSci: Network Science Society](http://www.netscisociety.net/).
- [APSA Political Networks](http://www.polinetworks.org/) - Organized Section of the American Political Science Association.
### Research Groups (USA)
> Network-focused research centers, (reading) groups, institutes, labs – you name it – based in the USA.
1. [Annenberg Networks Network](http://uscann.tumblr.com/) - Research group studying social networks at the University of Southern California.
- [Complex Human Networks Reading Group (CoHN)](http://alumni.media.mit.edu/~tanzeem/cohn/CoHN.htm) - Reading list from a seminar held at MIT in 2001–2.
- [Interdependence in Governance and Policy Research Group](https://sites.psu.edu/desmaraisgroup/) - Led by Bruce A. Desmarais at Penn State University.
- [Indiana University Network Science Institute (IUNI)](http://iuni.iu.edu/).
- [Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications (iCeNSA) at the University of Notre Dame](http://icensa.com/).
- [LINKS Center for Social Network Analysis at the Gatton College of Business and Economics, University of Kentucky](https://sites.google.com/site/uklinkscenter/).
- [NetSCI Lab at the Rutgers School of Communication and Information](http://netsci.rutgers.edu/).
- [Network Science Center at the U.S. Military Academy (USMA) in West Point](http://www.usma.edu/nsc/) ([blog](http://blog.netsciwestpoint.org/)).
- [Network Science IGERT at the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB)](http://networkscience.igert.ucsb.edu/) - Features an [NSF-funded](http://www.igert.org/) graduate programme.
- [Networks, Computation, and Social Dynamics Lab](http://www.ncasd.org/) - Headed by Carter T. Butts. Part of the [Center for Networks and Relational Analysis](http://relationalanalysis.org/) (CNRA) at the University of California in Irvine.
- [Northeastern University Network Science Institute](http://www.networkscienceinstitute.org/) - Features a PhD in Network Science program..
- [Northeastern University Center for Complex Network Research](http://www.barabasilab.com/) - Led by Albert-László Barabási.
- [Northeastern University MOBS Lab - Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems](http://www.mobs-lab.org/) - Led by Alessandro Vespignani.
- [Peter J. Mucha's Research Group at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill](http://mucha.web.unc.edu/networks/).
- [Social Network Analysis Group @ Stanford](http://sna.stanford.edu/).
- [Warren Center for Network & Data Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania](http://warrencenter.upenn.edu/).
- [Yale Institute for Network Science (YINS)](http://yins.yale.edu/).
### Research Groups (other)
> Network-focused research centers, (reading) groups, institutes, labs – you name it – based outside of the USA.
1. [Center for Network Science, Central European University, Budapest](http://cns.ceu.edu/) - Features a PhD in Network Science program.
- [Cx-Nets](http://www.cxnets.org/) - Virtual collaboration between four complex networks research groups.
- [Large Graphs and Networks](http://sites.uclouvain.be/networks/) - Research group at the Catholic University of Louvain.
- [NetLab](http://groups.chass.utoronto.ca/netlab/) - Research network at the University of Toronto, led by Barry Wellman.
- [ORIO - Observatoire des Réseaux Intra- et Inter-Organisationnels](http://blogs.sciences-po.fr/recherche-network-organization-institution-dynamics-multilevel/) - A research program on networks and regulation.
- [‘Réseaux et Régulation’ Conference Cycle](http://blogs.sciences-po.fr/recherche-network-organization-institution-dynamics-multilevel/sminaire-rseaux-et-rgulation/) - Seminar based at Sciences Po in Paris, France.
- [SocioPatterns](http://www.sociopatterns.org/) - Interdisciplinary research group that uses wireless sensors to study social network data.
## Review Articles
1. [Basic Notions for the Analysis of Large Two-mode Networks](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378873307000494) ([preprint](https://www-complexnetworks.lip6.fr/~latapy/Publis/socnet07.pdf), [related code](https://www-complexnetworks.lip6.fr/~latapy/Bip/); _Social Networks_, 2008).
- [Biological Networks](http://algo.uni-konstanz.de/publications/bbs-bn-13.pdf) (_Handbook of Graph Drawing and Visualization_, 2013).
- [Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks](http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415) (_Annual Review of Sociology_, 2001).
- [Graph Theory and Networks in Biology](http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-syb:20060038) ([preprint](http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio/0604006); _IET Systems Biology_, 2007).
- [Network Analysis and Political Science](http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.12.040907.115949) (_Annual Review of Political Science_, 2011).
- [Networks and History](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cplx.10054/abstract) (_Complexity_, 2002).
- [Social Network Algorithms and Software](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080970868431211) (_International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences_, 2015).
- [Social Network Analysis in the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence](http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1049096510001848) ([preprint](http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=pn_wp); _PS: Political Science and Politics_, 2011).
- [Statistical Models for Social Networks](http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102709) (_Annual Review of Sociology_, 2011).
- [The Structure and Function of Complex Networks](http://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/S003614450342480) (_SIAM Review_, 2003).
## Software
> Several links in this section come from the [NetWiki Shared Code](http://netwiki.amath.unc.edu/SharedCode/SharedCode) page. Software-centric tutorials are listed below their program of choice: other tutorials are listed [in the next section](#tutorials).
> See also the [Social Network Analysis Project Survey](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Xo-ehJatzmxMek6gPG0h-d7yRSuiO6_flViTQNMAku0/edit#gid=0) ([blog post](http://pudo.org/blog/2013/12/21/sna-survey.html)), an earlier attempt to chart social network analysis tools that links to many commercial platforms not included in this list, such as [Detective.io](http://www.detective.io/).
> Also note that the Wikipedia English entry on [Social Network Analysis Software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network_analysis_software) links to many commercial that are often very expensive, outdated, and far from being awesome by any reasonable standard.
1. [Cytoscape](http://www.cytoscape.org/) - Cross-platform Java program to build, analyze and visualize networks.
- [Discourse Network Analyzer (DNA)](http://www.philipleifeld.com/discourse-network-analyzer/discourse-network-analyzer-dna.html) - Qualitative content analysis tool with network export facilities, written in Java with R integration.
- [Gephi](https://gephi.github.io/) - Cross-platform, free and open source tool for network visualization.
- [Practical Social Network Analysis With Gephi](http://derekgreene.com/gephitutorial/) (2014).
- [GLEAMviz Simulator](http://www.gleamviz.org/) - Cross-platform tool intended for the prediction of human epidemics.
- [Graphviz](http://www.graphviz.org/) - Cross-platform software to draw graphs in the DOT graph drawing language.
- [MuxViz](http://muxviz.net/) - Cross-platform, free and open source tool to study multilayer networks, based on R and GNU Octave.
- [Neo4j](http://neo4j.com/) - Open source, scalable graph database, used by companies like [Linkurious](http://linkurio.us/).
- [NodeXL](http://nodexl.codeplex.com/) - Free, open-source template to explore network graphs with Microsoft Excel.
- [ORA-LITE](http://www.casos.cs.cmu.edu/projects/ora/) - Windows program for dynamic meta-network assessment and analysis.
- [Pajek](http://vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/pub/networks/pajek/) - Windows program for large network analysis, free for noncommercial use.
- [Analyse des réseaux : une introduction à Pajek](http://quanti.hypotheses.org/512/), in French (2011).
- [La détection de communautés avec Pajek 3.6](http://groupefmr.hypotheses.org/544), in French (2012).
- [PNet](http://www.swinburne.edu.au/fbl/research/transformative-innovation/our-research/MelNet-social-network-group/PNet-software/index.html) - Simulation and estimation of exponential random graph models (ERGMs), written in Java for Windows.
- [Radatools](http://deim.urv.cat/~sergio.gomez/radatools.php) - Set of tools intended for the analysis of complex networks, built on top of [Radalib](http://deim.urv.cat/~sergio.gomez/radalib.php), a library written in Ada.
- [Siena](http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~snijders/siena/) - Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analysis. Formerly a Windows program, now developed as the RSiena R package.
- [SoNIA](http://web.stanford.edu/group/sonia/) (Social Network Image Animator) - Tool to visualize dynamic or longitudinal network data. Formerly a [Java program](https://sourceforge.net/projects/sonia/) ([example movies](http://www.soc.duke.edu/~jmoody77/NetMovies/index.htm)), now developed as the ndtv R package.
- [UCINET](https://sites.google.com/site/ucinetsoftware/) - Windows commercial software package for the analysis of social network data.
- [Visone](http://visone.info/) - Cross-platform Java network analysis and visualization program, free for noncommercial use.
- [VOSviewer](http://www.vosviewer.com/) - Cross-platform Java tool for constructing and visualizing bibliometric networks.
### Algorithms
> Network placement and community detection algorithms that do not fit in any of the next subsections.
> See also the [Awesome Algorithms](https://github.com/tayllan/awesome-algorithms) and [Awesome Algorithm Visualization](https://github.com/enjalot/algovis) lists for more algorithmic awesomess.
1. [CONGA and CONGO](http://www.cs.bris.ac.uk/~steve/networks/index.html) - Algorithms to detect overlapping communities in networks, written in Java.
- [ForceAtlas2](https://gephi.wordpress.com/2011/06/06/forceatlas2-the-new-version-of-our-home-brew-layout/) - Force-directed layout included in Gephi ([paper](http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098679)).
- [vbmod: Variational Bayesian Inference for Network Modularity](http://vbmod.sourceforge.net/) - MATLAB and Python implementations of a [Bayesian community detection algorithm](http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.3512).
- [weighted-modularity-LPAwbPLUS](https://github.com/sjbeckett/weighted-modularity-LPAwbPLUS) - Julia, MATLAB and R implementations of two algorithms to find weighted modularity in bipartite networks.
### C / C++
> For more awesome C / C++ content, see the [Awesome C](https://github.com/aleksandar-todorovic/awesome-c) and [Awesome C / C++](https://github.com/fffaraz/awesome-cpp) lists.
1. [Benchmark Graphs to Test Community Detection Algorithms](https://sites.google.com/site/santofortunato/inthepress2) - C++ code to generate weighted and unweighted graphs.
- [Boost Graph Library (BGL)](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_60_0/libs/graph/doc/) - C++ library that provides a generic interface to access graph structures.
- [igraph](http://igraph.org/) - C library of network analysis tools; also exists as packages for Python and R.
- [Louvain Method](https://sites.google.com/site/findcommunities/) - C++ code for the [Louvain multi-level community detection algorithm](http://arxiv.org/abs/0803.0476).
- [networks.tb](http://networks-tb.sourceforge.net/) - C program designed for analyzing socio-semantic networks. Runs on Linux and Mac OS X.
- [OpenOrd: Large-scale Graph Layout (formerly DrL)](http://www.cs.sandia.gov/~smartin/software.html) - Written in C++. Also available as a [Gephi plugin](https://marketplace.gephi.org/plugin/openord-layout/).
- [Stanford Network Analysis Project](http://snap.stanford.edu/) - C++ general purpose network analysis and graph mining library. Available as a Python library and in Microsoft Excel via NodeXL.
- [Walktrap](https://www-complexnetworks.lip6.fr/~latapy/PP/walktrap.html) - C++ program that implements the [WalkTrap community detection algorithm](http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0512106).
### JavaScript
> For more awesome JavaScript libraries, see the [Awesome JavaScript](https://github.com/sorrycc/awesome-javascript) list.
1. [d3.js](https://d3js.org/) - JavaScript visualization library that can plot [force-directed graphs](http://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/4062045).
- [jLouvain](https://github.com/upphiminn/jLouvain) - Louvain community detection for Javascript ([example](http://bl.ocks.org/emeeks/125db75c9b55ddcbdeb5)).
- [Sigma](http://sigmajs.org/) - JavaScript library dedicated to graph drawing.
- [vis.js](http://visjs.org/) - JavaScript library with network visualization capabilities.
- [VivaGraphJS](https://github.com/anvaka/VivaGraphJS) - Graph drawing library ([ForceAtlas2 plugin](https://github.com/graphcommons/viva.forceatlas2)).
- [viz.js](https://mdaines.github.io/viz.js/) - Use Graphviz in Web pages.
### MATLAB
1. [CONTEST](http://www.maths.strath.ac.uk/research/groups/numerical_analysis/contest) - Random network toolbox that implements nine network models.
- [Generalized Louvain](http://netwiki.amath.unc.edu/GenLouvain/GenLouvain) - A variant of the Louvain community detection algorithm.
- [MatlabBGL](http://dgleich.github.io/matlab-bgl/) - A graph library for Matlab, based on the Boost graph library.
- [MATLAB RBN Toolbox](http://www.teuscher.ch/rbntoolbox/index.htm) - Simulation und visualization of Random Boolean Networks.
### Python
> Most items below are from [a Google spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vJILk2EW1JnR3YAwTSSqAV5mPkeXaezy45wOoafBpfU/edit#gid=0) by Michał Bojanowski and others.
> For more awesome Python packages, see the [Awesome Python](https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python) list.
1. [graph-tool](https://graph-tool.skewed.de/) - Python module for network manipulation and analysis, written mostly in C++ for speed.
- [graphviz](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/graphviz) - Python renderer for the DOT graph drawing language.
- [linkpred](https://github.com/rafguns/linkpred) - Assess the likelihood of potential links in a future snapshot of a network.
- [networkx](http://networkx.github.io/) - Python package for the creation, manipulation, and study of the structure, dynamics, and functions of complex networks.
- [python-igraph](http://igraph.org/python/) - Python version of the igraph network analysis package.
### R
> See also [this Google spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1CoFGtrW85D9FsVcAE5-bcXVl6QOTncwXjFBYp4u2WgE/edit?usp=sharing) by Ian McCulloh and others.
> For more awesome R resources, see the [Awesome R](https://github.com/qinwf/awesome-R) and [Awesome R Books](https://github.com/RomanTsegelskyi/rbooks) lists.
1. [Bergm](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Bergm/) - Tools to analyse Bayesian exponential random graph models (BERGM).
- [CCAS](https://github.com/matthewjdenny/CCAS) - A statistical model for communication networks.
- [concoR](https://github.com/aslez/concoR) - A translation of the CONCOR network blockmodeling algorithm ([blog post](http://badhessian.org/2015/05/concor-in-r/)).
- [ContentStructure](https://github.com/matthewjdenny/ContentStructure) - implements an extension to the [Topic-Partitioned Multinetwork Embeddings (TPME) model](http://dirichlet.net/pdf/krafft12topic-partitioned.pdf).
- [DiagrammeR](https://github.com/rich-iannone/DiagrammeR) - Connects R, RStudio and JavaScript libraries to draw graph diagrams ([blog post](https://blog.rstudio.org/2015/05/01/rstudio-v0-99-preview-graphviz-and-diagrammer/)).
- [ergm](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ergm/) - Estimation of Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM).
- [ERGM: edgecov and dyadcov specifications](http://mjh4.blogspot.fr/2012/09/ergm-edgecov-and-dyadcov-specifications.html).
- [GERGM](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GERGM/) - Estimation and diagnosis of the convergence of Generalized Exponential Random Graph Models (GERGM).
- [geomnet](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geomnet/) - A single-geometry approach to network visualization with ggplot2.
- [ggnetwork](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggnetwork/) - A multiple-geometries approach to plot network objects with ggplot2.
- [ggraph](https://github.com/thomasp85/ggraph) - A grammar of graph graphics built in the spirit of ggplot2.
- [hergm](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/hergm/) - Estimate and simulate hierarchical exponential-family random graph models (HERGM) with local dependence.
- [igraph](http://igraph.org/r/) - A collection of network analysis tools.
- [Network Analysis and Visualization with R and igraph](http://kateto.net/networks-r-igraph) (2016).
- [influenceR](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/influenceR/) - Compute various node centrality network measures by Burt, Borgatti and others.
- [latentnet](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/latentnet/) - Latent position and cluster models for network objects.
- [networkD3](http://christophergandrud.github.io/networkD3/) - D3 JavaScript network graphs from R.
- [ndtv](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ndtv/) - Tools to construct animated visualizations of dynamic network data in various formats.
- [network](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/network/) - Basic tools to manipulate relational data in R.
- [networkDynamic](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/networkDynamic/) - Support for dynamic, (inter)temporal networks.
- [rgexf](https://bitbucket.org/gvegayon/rgexf/wiki/Home) - Export network objects from R to GEXF for manipulation with software like Gephi or Sigma.
- [Rgraphviz](https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/Rgraphviz.html) - Support for using the Graphviz library and its DOT graph drawing language from within R.
- [RSiena](http://r-forge.r-project.org/R/?group_id=461) - Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analysis; fits models to longitudinal network data.
- [sna](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sna/) - Basic network measures and visualization tools.
- [spectralGOF](http://people.bu.edu/jccs/spectralGOF.html) - Compute the "spectral goodness of fit" (SGOF), a measure of how well a network model explains the structure of an observed network.
- [spnet](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spnet/) - Methods for dealing with spatial social networks.
- [statnet](http://statnet.org/) - The project behind many R network analysis packages ([mailing-list](https://mailman.u.washington.edu/mailman/listinfo/statnet_help), [wiki](https://statnet.org/trac)).
- [Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) Using statnet](https://statnet.org/trac/raw-attachment/wiki/Sunbelt2015/ergm_tutorial.html) (2015).
- [Guides for Using the statnet Package](http://www.melissaclarkson.com/resources/R_guides/) (2010).
- [Modeling Valued Networks with statnet](https://statnet.org/trac/raw-attachment/wiki/Sunbelt2013/Valued.pdf) (2013).
- [tergm](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tergm/) - Fit, simulate and diagnose models for temporal exponential-family random graph models (TERGM).
- [tnet](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tnet/) - Network measures for weighted, two-mode and longitudinal networks.
- [tsna](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tsna/) - Tools for temporal social network analysis.
- [visNetwork](https://github.com/DataKnowledge/visNetwork) - Using vis.js library for network visualization.
- [xergm](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xergm/) - Extensions of Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM, GERGM, TERGM, TNAM and REM).
### Stata
1. [nwcommands: Network Analysis Using Stata](https://nwcommands.wordpress.com/) ([discussion](http://www.statalist.org/forums/forum/general-stata-discussion/general/1290963-network-analysis-which-command-to-use), [tutorials and slides](https://nwcommands.wordpress.com/tutorials-and-slides/)).
2. [SNA with Stata](http://www.rensecorten.org/index.php/category/sna-with-stata/) - Blog documenting the use of the netplot Stata package.
### Syntaxes
> Generic graph syntaxes intended for use by several programs.
1. [DOT](http://www.graphviz.org/doc/info/lang.html) - Graph drawing syntax used by the Graphviz software.
- [GEXF](https://gephi.org/gexf/format/) - File format used by the Gephi software.
- [JUNG — Java Universal Network/Graph Framework](http://jung.sourceforge.net/) - Extensible library to represent network objects.
- [GraphML](http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/) - Comprehensive and easy-to-use file format for graphs ([handbook chapter](https://www.uni-konstanz.de/mmsp/pubsys/publishedFiles/BrEiLe10.pdf)).
- [PGF/TikZ](http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/graphics/pgf/) - [Tandem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGF/TikZ) of vector graphics languages that can be used to draw graphs in the [LaTeX](https://latex-project.org/) typesetting environment.
- [Awesome LaTeX: TiKZ](https://github.com/egeerardyn/awesome-LaTeX#tikz).
- [How to Draw Graphs in LaTeX?](https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/57152/how-to-draw-graphs-in-latex)
- [TikZ Graph Examples](http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/tag/graphs/).
- [TikZ & PGF Manual](http://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/ctan/graphics/pgf/base/doc/pgfmanual.pdf).
- [TKZ](http://altermundus.com/pages/tkz/index.html) - Packages based on TikZ.
## Tutorials
> Tutorials that are not focused on a single specific software program.
1. [Basic and Advanced Network Visualization with Gephi and R](http://kateto.net/sunbelt2016) (2016).
- [Implementing an ERGM From Scratch in Python](http://davidmasad.com/blog/ergms-from-scratch/) (2014).
- [L'analyse des graphes bipartis](https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/FMR/halshs-00794976), in French (2013).
- [Static and Dynamic Network Visualization with R](http://kateto.net/network-visualization) - Covers the igraph, network, networkD3 and ndtv packages (2015).
- [Working with Bipartite/Affiliation Network Data in R](https://solomonmessing.wordpress.com/2012/09/30/working-with-bipartiteaffiliation-network-data-in-r/) (2012).
## Varia
> Resources that does not fit in other categories.
1. [A Sociology Citation Network](http://nealcaren.web.unc.edu/a-sociology-citation-network/) and [A Co-citation Network for Philosophy](https://kieranhealy.org/blog/archives/2013/06/18/a-co-citation-network-for-philosophy/) - Examples of scientific co-citation networks.
- [David Knoke on Network Analysis](https://thesocietypages.org/methods/2015/01/30/david-knoke-on-network-analysis/) - A 20-minute interview that discusses the uses and benefits of network analysis, drawing upon Knoke's research on terrorist networks.
- [Glossary of terms for statistical network models](https://statnet.org/trac/raw-attachment/wiki/Resources/glossary.pdf).
- [Network Fact](https://twitter.com/networkfact) - Twitter account about networks, graph theory, and related topics.
- [The Performativity of Networks](http://kieranhealy.org/files/papers/performativity.pdf) - Paper that connects network theory to the sociology of science.
- [Picking Sides](https://codeandculture.wordpress.com/2015/04/03/picking-sides/) - Community detection in the political network of Middle Eastern alliances between various state and nonstate powers ([updated version](https://gist.github.com/briatte/c6df2f855afb4eb142e6)).
- [Plan interactif du métro](http://www.jeromecukier.net/projects/metro/map.html) - An interactive visualization of the Paris metro network, drawn with d3.js, in French.
- [Social Networks](http://eszter.com/contract.html#socnet) - Reading list of sociological classics about social networks: Bonacich, Borgatti and Everett, Burt, Emirbayer, Freeman, Granovetter, Padgett and Ansell, Simmel, Wellman, etc.
- [Tarot Cards for Principles of Complex Systems and Complex Networks](https://www.uvm.edu/~pdodds/teaching/courses/2016-01UVM-303/tarotcards/) - Part of a course by Peter Sheridan Dodds.
- [Using Metadata to Find Paul Revere](https://kieranhealy.org/blog/archives/2013/06/09/using-metadata-to-find-paul-revere/) and [The Other Ride of Paul Revere: The Brokerage Role in the Making of the American Revolution](http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/polisci/faculty/chwe/ps269/han.pdf) - Network analysis applied to American revolutionaries.
### Blog Series
> Series of blog posts on network topics.
> For more blog posts on manipulating networks with R, try searching for [‘networks’](http://www.r-bloggers.com/?s=networks) or [‘social network analysis’](http://www.r-bloggers.com/?s=social+network+analysis) on the [R-Bloggers](http://www.r-bloggers.com/) R blogs aggregator.
1. [Blog Posts About Networks by Baptiste Coulmont](http://coulmont.com/index.php?s=r%C3%A9seaux), in French.
- [Blog Posts About Networks by Cosma Shalizi](http://bactra.org/weblog/cat_networks.html).
- [Blog Posts About Networks by François Briatte](http://politbistro.hypotheses.org/tag/reseaux), in French.
- [Blog Posts About Networks by Katya Ognyanova](http://kateto.net/networks).
- [Blog Posts About Networks by Pierre Mercklé](http://pierremerckle.fr/category/reseaux/), in French.
- [Blog Posts About Networks on the Bad Hessian Blog](http://badhessian.org/category/networks/), by various contributors.
- [Cosma Shalizi's notebooks](http://bactra.org/notebooks) on network-related topics, definitely worth listing in (selective) detail:
- [Analysis of Network Data](http://bactra.org/notebooks/network-data-analysis.html).
- [Assortative Social Networks and Neutral Cultural Evolution](http://bactra.org/notebooks/neutral-cultural-networks.html).
- [Biochemical Network Evolution](http://bactra.org/notebooks/biochem-network-evol.html).
- [Citations and Citation Networks](http://bactra.org/notebooks/citations.html).
- [Community Discovery Methods for Complex Networks](http://bactra.org/notebooks/community-discovery.html).
- [Complex Networks](http://bactra.org/notebooks/complex-networks.html).
- [Experiments on Social Networks](http://bactra.org/notebooks/network-experiments.html).
- [Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs)](http://bactra.org/notebooks/ergms.html).
- [Graph Sampling Algorithms](http://bactra.org/notebooks/graph-sampling.html).
- [Graph Theory](http://bactra.org/notebooks/graph-theory.html).
- [Homophily and Influence in Social Networks](http://bactra.org/notebooks/homophily-vs-influence.html).
- [Inferring Networks from Non-Network Data](http://bactra.org/notebooks/inferring-networks.html).
- [Joint Modeling of Texts and Networks](http://bactra.org/notebooks/text-networks.html).
- [Network Comparison](http://bactra.org/notebooks/network-comparisons.html).
- [Networks of Political Actors](http://bactra.org/notebooks/networks-of-political-actors.html).
- [Relational Learning](http://bactra.org/notebooks/relational-learning.html).
- [Social Contagion, Information Cascades, Diffusion of Innovations, Etc.](http://bactra.org/notebooks/social-contagion.html)
- [Social Networks](http://bactra.org/notebooks/social-networks.html).
- [Stochastic Block Models](http://bactra.org/notebooks/stochastic-block-models.html).
- [Networks Demystified](http://scottbot.net/tag/networks-demystified/), a series of blog posts by Scott B. Weingart.
- [R / Notes: Networks](http://f.briatte.org/r/category/networks) - Blog posts focused on manipulating networks in R, by François Briatte.
### Fictional Networks
> Explorations of fictional character networks.
1. [Events in the _Game of Thrones_](http://www.jeromecukier.net/projects/agot/events.html) and [Places in the _Game of Thrones_](http://www.jeromecukier.net/projects/agot/places.html) - Networked chronologies of character alliances, kills and travels in the book series.
- [Lessons on Exponential Random Graph Modeling from _Grey’s Anatomy_ hook-ups](http://badhessian.org/2012/09/lessons-on-exponential-random-graph-modeling-from-greys-anatomy-hook-ups/).
- [_Star Wars_ Social Networks: The Force Awakens](http://evelinag.com/blog/2016/01-25-social-network-force-awakens/index.html) - Example of a social network analysis written in F#.
### Network Science
> Discussions of what "netsci" is about and means for other scientific disciplines.
1. [The Emergence of Network Science](https://www.cornell.edu/video/emergence-of-network-science) - Video documentary, featuring Steven Strogatz and many others.
- [Isolated Social Networkers](http://crookedtimber.org/2005/05/19/isolated-social-networkers/), [Networks and Netwars](http://bactra.org/weblog/347.html) and [The inter-disciplinary politics of interdisciplinary research or, "Hey, that was my idea first."](https://www.cs.unm.edu/~aaron/blog/archives/2005/05/the_interdiscip.htm) - Series of blog posts that predate the advent of "network science" as a buzzword, but that touch upon the same issues as those now being discussed under that heading.
- [Three Hard Questions about Network Science](http://environmentalpolicy.ucdavis.edu/node/292).
- [What is Network Science?](http://journals.cambridge.org/repo_A88Sa8AHdt4SoI) - First editorial of the recent _Network Science_ journal.
### Small Worlds
> Links focused on (analogues to) [Stanley Milgram's small-world experiment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-world_experiment).
1. [The Erdös Number Project](http://wwwp.oakland.edu/enp/) - Research project on the collaborative ties and network distance between mathematicians.
- [How Small is the World, Really?](https://medium.com/@duncanjwatts/how-small-is-the-world-really-736fa21808ba#.kyr90lhyo) - Discussion of "x degrees of separation" small-world experiments.
- [The Oracle of Bacon](https://oracleofbacon.org/) - Based on an [online game](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Degrees_of_Kevin_Bacon) that resulted in a [charity](http://www.sixdegrees.org/).
- [Panel: Six Degrees of Separation](https://www.cornell.edu/video/six-degrees-of-separation-panel) - Video of a conference at Cornell University, featuring Duncan Watts, Steven Strogatz, Jon Kleinberg and other speakers.
- [Patterns in the Ivy: The Small World of Metal](http://badhessian.org/2013/09/patterns-in-the-ivy-the-small-world-of-metal/) - Example of a two-mode network analysis based on metal artists and bands.
- [Six Degrees of Separation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_degrees_of_separation) - Wikipedia English entry.
* * *
## License
[![CC0](http://i.creativecommons.org/p/zero/1.0/88x31.png)](http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
To the extent possible under law, the authors of this list – by chronological order: [François Briatte](http://f.briatte.org/), [Ian McCulloh](https://www.linkedin.com/in/mcculloh), [Aditya Khanna](http://home.uchicago.edu/~khanna7), [Manlio De Domenico](http://deim.urv.cat/~manlio.dedomenico/index.php), Patrick Kaminski, [Ericka Menchen-Trevino](http://www.ericka.cc/) – have waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.
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