- [3DES](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_DES) - Symmetric-key block cipher (or Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA or Triple DEA), which applies the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher algorithm three times to each data block.
- [AES](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard) - Symmetric-key block cipher algorithm and U.S. government standard for secure and classified data encryption and decryption (also known as Rijndael).
- [Blowfish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowfish_(cipher)) - Symmetric-key block cipher, designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier. Notable features of the design include key-dependent S-boxes and a highly complex key schedule.
- [DH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie%E2%80%93Hellman_key_exchange) - A method of exchanging cryptographic keys securely over a public channel. Unlike RSA, the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange is not encryption, and is only a way for two parties to agree on a shared secret value. Since the keys generated are completely pseudo-random, DH key exchanges can provide forward secrecy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_secrecy).
- [ECC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic-curve_cryptography) - Public-key cryptosystems based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields.
- [RSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_(cryptosystem)) - One of the first practical public-key cryptosystems and is widely used for secure data transmission. In RSA, this asymmetry is based on the practical difficulty of factoring the product of two large prime numbers, the factoring problem.
- [Transform Encryption (aka Proxy Re-Encryption)](https://docs.ironcorelabs.com/concepts/transform-encryption) - Transform encryption uses three mathematically related keys: one to encrypt plaintext to a recipient, a second to decrypt the ciphertext, and a third to transform ciphertext encrypted to one recipient so it can be decrypted by a different recipient.
- [MD5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5) - Widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value. MD5 was initially designed to be used as a cryptographic hash function, but it has been found to suffer from extensive vulnerabilities. It can still be used as a checksum to verify data integrity, but only against unintentional corruption.
- [SHA1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1) - Cryptographic hash function designed by the NSA. SHA-1 produces a 160-bit hash value known as a message digest. SHA-1 is no longer considered secure against well-funded opponents.
- [SHA2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2) - Set of hash functions designed by the NSA. SHA-256 and SHA-512 are novel hash functions computed with 32-bit and 64-bit words, respectively. They use different shift amounts and additive constants, but their structures are otherwise virtually identical, differing only in the number of rounds.
- [SHA3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-3) - Cryptographic hash function that produces a fixed-size output, typically 224, 256, 384, or 512 bits, from variable-size input data. It is part of the SHA-3 family of cryptographic algorithms designed to resist attacks from quantum computers and offers security properties such as pre-image resistance, second pre-image resistance, and collision resistance.
- [How to Generate Secure Random Numbers in Various Programming Languages](https://paragonie.com/blog/2016/05/how-generate-secure-random-numbers-in-various-programming-languages).
- [Password Insecurity](https://www.netlogix.at/news/artikel/password-insecurity-part-1/) - This article is written for everybody who is interested in password security.
- [A Graduate Course in Applied Cryptography](https://crypto.stanford.edu/~dabo/cryptobook/) - The book covers many constructions for different tasks in cryptography.
- [Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms and Source Code in C](https://www.wiley.com/en-ie/Applied+Cryptography%3A+Protocols%2C+Algorithms+and+Source+Code+in+C%2C+20th+Anniversary+Edition-p-9781119439028) - This cryptography classic provides you with a comprehensive survey of modern cryptography.
- [Crypto101](https://www.crypto101.io/) - Crypto 101 is an introductory course on cryptography.
- [Cryptography Engineering](https://www.schneier.com/books/cryptography_engineering/) - Learn to build cryptographic protocols that work in the real world.
- [Introduction to Modern Cryptography](http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jkatz/imc.html) - Introductory-level treatment of cryptography written from a modern, computer science perspective.
- [Practical Cryptography for Developers](https://cryptobook.nakov.com) - Developer-friendly book on modern cryptography (hashes, MAC codes, symmetric and asymmetric ciphers, key exchange, elliptic curves, digital signatures) with lots of code examples.
- [Real World Cryptography](https://www.manning.com/books/real-world-cryptography/) - This book teaches you applied cryptographic techniques to understand and apply security at every level of your systems and applications.
- [Security Engineering](http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/book.html) - There is an extraordinary textbook written by Ross Anderson, professor of computer security at University of Cambridge.
- [The Code Book](https://simonsingh.net/books/the-code-book/) - This book is a digest of the history of cryptography, covering both ancient times, and newer cryptography methods. There are exercises at the end and the solution of those was rewarded with $10.000.
- [The Cryptoparty Handbook](https://unglue.it/work/141611/) - This book provides a comprehensive guide to the various topics of the computer and internet security.
- [Understanding Cryptography](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) - Often overlooked, this book is a boon for beginners to the field. It contains plenty of exercises at the end of each chapter, aimed at reinforcing concepts and cementing ideas.
- [A Self-Study Course In Block-Cipher Cryptanalysis](https://www.schneier.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/paper-self-study.pdf) - This paper attempts to organize the existing literature of block-cipher cryptanalysis in a way that students can use to learn cryptanalytic techniques and ways to break algorithms, by Bruce Schneier.
- [Applied Cryptography](https://www.udacity.com/course/applied-cryptography--cs387) - Cryptography is present in everyday life, from paying with a credit card to using the telephone. Learn all about making and breaking puzzles in computing.
- [Crypto Strikes Back!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySQl0NhW1J0) - This talk will cover crypto vulnerabilities in widely-deployed systems and how the smallest oversight resulted in catastrophe.
- [Cryptography - Stanford University](http://online.stanford.edu/course/cryptography) - This course explains the inner workings of cryptographic primitives and how to correctly use them. Students will learn how to reason about the security of cryptographic constructions and how to apply this knowledge to real-world applications.
- [Cryptography I](https://www.coursera.org/learn/crypto) - The course begins with a detailed discussion of how two parties who have a shared secret key can communicate securely when a powerful adversary eavesdrops and tampers with traffic. We will examine many deployed protocols and analyze mistakes in existing systems.
- [Cybrary Cryptography](https://www.cybrary.it/course/cryptography/) - This online course we will cover how cryptography is the cornerstone of security, and how through its use of different encryption methods, such as ciphers, and public or private keys, you can protect private or sensitive information from unauthorized access.
- [Harvard's Cryptography Lecture notes](https://intensecrypto.org/) - An introductory but fast-paced undergraduate/beginning graduate course on cryptography, Used for Harvard CS 127.
- [Practical Aspects of Modern Cryptography](http://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590/06wi/) - Practical Aspects of Modern Cryptography, Winter 2006 University of Washington CSE.
- [Theory and Practice of Cryptography](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDnShu5V99s) - Introduction to Modern Cryptography, Using Cryptography in Practice and at Google, Proofs of Security and Security Definitions and A Special Topic in Cryptography.
- [certbot](https://github.com/certbot/certbot) - Previously the Let's Encrypt Client, is EFF's tool to obtain certs from Let's Encrypt, and (optionally) auto-enable HTTPS on your server. It can also act as a client for any other CA that uses the ACME protocol.
- [gpg](https://www.gnupg.org/) - Complete and free implementation of the OpenPGP standard. It allows to encrypt and sign your data and communication, features a versatile key management system. GnuPG is a command line tool with features for easy integration with other applications.
- [ironssh](https://github.com/IronCoreLabs/ironssh) - End-to-end encrypt transferred files using sftp/scp and selectively share with others. Automatic key management works with any SSH server. Encrypted files are gpg compatible.
- [sops](https://github.com/mozilla/sops) - sops is an editor of encrypted files that supports YAML, JSON and BINARY formats and encrypts with AWS KMS, GCP KMS, Azure Key Vault and PGP.
- [ves](https://ves.host/docs/ves-util) - End-to-end encrypted sharing via cloud repository, secure recovery through a viral network of friends in case of key loss.
- [Cryptography Playground](https://vishwas1.github.io/crypto/index.html#/crypto) - A simple web tool to play and learn basic concepts of cryptography like, hashing, symmetric, asymmetric, zkp etc.
- [libVES.c](https://github.com/vesvault/libVES.c) - End-to-end encrypted sharing via cloud repository, secure recovery through a viral network of friends in case of key loss.
- [milagro-crypto-c](https://github.com/apache/incubator-milagro-crypto-c) - Small, self-contained and fast open source crypto library. It supports RSA, ECDH, ECIES, ECDSA, AES-GCM, SHA2, SHA3 and Pairing-Based Cryptography.
- [nettle](https://github.com/gnutls/nettle) - is a cryptographic library that is designed to fit easily in more or less any context: In crypto toolkits for object-oriented languages (C++, Python, Pike, ...), in applications like LSH or GNUPG, or even in kernel space.
- [OpenSSL](https://github.com/openssl/openssl) - TLS/SSL and crypto library.
- [PolarSSL](https://tls.mbed.org/) - PolarSSL makes it trivially easy for developers to include cryptographic and SSL/TLS capabilities in their (embedded) products, facilitating this functionality with a minimal coding footprint.
- [themis](https://github.com/cossacklabs/themis) - High level crypto library for storing data (AES), secure messaging (ECC + ECDSA / RSA + PSS + PKCS#7) and session-oriented, forward secrecy data exchange (ECDH key agreement, ECC & AES encryption). Ported on many languages and platforms, suitable for client-server infastructures.
- [XKCP](https://github.com/XKCP/XKCP) — is a repository that gathers different free and open-source implementations of the cryptographic schemes defined by the Keccak team.
- [=nil; Crypto3](https://github.com/NilFoundation/crypto3) - Modern Cryptography Suite in C++17 (complete applied cryptography suite starting with block ciphers and ending with threshold cryptography, zk proof systems, etc).
- [Microsoft .NET Framework Cryptography Model](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/security/cryptography-model) - The .NET Framework implementations of many standard cryptographic algorithms.
- [PCLCrypto](https://github.com/AArnott/PCLCrypto) - Provides cryptographic APIs over algorithms implemented by the platform, including exposing them to portable libraries.
- [secrets.clj](https://github.com/lk-geimfari/secrets.clj) - A Clojure library designed to generate cryptographically strong random numbers suitable for managing data such as passwords, account authentication, security tokens, and related secrets.
- [ex_crypto](https://github.com/ntrepid8/ex_crypto) - Elixir wrapper for Erlang `:crypto` and `:public_key` modules. Provides sensible defaults for many crypto functions to make them easier to use.
- [cryptojs](https://github.com/gwjjeff/cryptojs) - Provide standard and secure cryptographic algorithms for Node.js.
- [forge](https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge) - Native implementation of TLS in JavaScript and tools to write crypto-based and network-heavy webapps.
- [IronNode](https://docs.ironcorelabs.com/ironnode-sdk/overview) - Transform encryption library, a variant of proxy re-encryption, for encrypting to users or groups, and easily adding strong data controls to Node.js apps.
- [IronWeb](https://docs.ironcorelabs.com/ironweb-sdk/overview) - Transform encryption library, a variant of proxy re-encryption, for easily managing end-to-end encryption securely in the browser.
- [javascript-crypto-library](https://github.com/clipperz/javascript-crypto-library) - JavaScript Crypto Library provides web developers with an extensive and efficient set of cryptographic functions.
- [js-nacl](https://github.com/tonyg/js-nacl) - Pure-JavaScript High-level API to Emscripten-compiled libsodium routines.
- [jsencrypt](https://github.com/travist/jsencrypt) - JavaScript library to perform OpenSSL RSA Encryption, Decryption, and Key Generation.
- [JShashes](https://github.com/h2non/jshashes) - Fast and dependency-free cryptographic hashing library for Node.js and browsers (supports MD5, SHA1, SHA256, SHA512, RIPEMD, HMAC).
- [libVES.js](https://github.com/vesvault/libVES) - End-to-end encrypted sharing via cloud repository, secure recovery through a viral network of friends in case of key loss.
- [milagro-crypto-js](https://github.com/apache/incubator-milagro-crypto-js) - MCJS is a standards compliant JavaScript cryptographic library with no external dependencies except for the random seed source. Compatible for Node.js and browser. It supports RSA, ECDH, ECIES, ECDSA, AES-GCM, SHA2, SHA3, Pairing-Based Cryptography and New Hope.
- [rusha](https://github.com/srijs/rusha) - High-performance pure-javascript SHA1 implementation suitable for large binary data, reaching up to half the native speed.
- [Bouncy Castle](https://www.bouncycastle.org/java.html) - All-purpose cryptographic library. JCA provider, wide range of functions from basic helpers to PGP/SMIME operations.
- [GDH](https://github.com/maxamel/GDH) - Generalized Diffie-Hellman key exchange Java library for multiple parties built on top of the Vert.x framework.
- [Google Tink](https://github.com/tink-crypto/tink-java) - A small crypto library that provides a safe, simple, agile and fast way to accomplish some common crypto tasks.
- [Password4j](https://github.com/Password4j/password4j) - A Java user-friendly cryptographic library for hashing and checking passwords with different Key derivation functions (KDFs) and Cryptographic hash functions (CHFs).
- [Project Kalium](http://abstractj.github.io/kalium/) - Java binding to the Networking and Cryptography (NaCl) library with the awesomeness of libsodium.
- [scrypt](https://github.com/wg/scrypt) - Pure Java implementation of the scrypt key derivation function and a JNI interface to the C implementations, including the SSE2 optimized version.
- [ObjectivePGP](https://github.com/krzyzanowskim/ObjectivePGP) - ObjectivePGP is an implementation of OpenPGP protocol for iOS and macOS. OpenPGP is the most widely used email encryption standard.
- [bcrypt-ruby](https://github.com/codahale/bcrypt-ruby) - Ruby binding for the OpenBSD bcrypt() password hashing algorithm, allowing you to easily store a secure hash of your users' passwords.
- [mundane](https://github.com/google/mundane) - is a Rust cryptography library backed by BoringSSL that is difficult to misuse, ergonomic, and performant.
- [orion](https://github.com/orion-rs/orion) - is a cryptography library written in pure Rust. It aims to provide easy and usable crypto while trying to minimize the use of unsafe code.
- [password-hashes](https://github.com/RustCrypto/password-hashes) - Collection of password hashing algorithms, otherwise known as password-based key derivation functions, written in pure Rust.
- [recrypt](https://github.com/IronCoreLabs/recrypt-rs) - A pure-Rust library that implements cryptographic primitives for building a multi-hop Proxy Re-encryption scheme, known as Transform Encryption.
- [CryptoSwift](https://github.com/krzyzanowskim/CryptoSwift) - Crypto related functions and helpers for Swift implemented in Swift programming language.
- [IDZSwiftCommonCrypto](https://github.com/iosdevzone/IDZSwiftCommonCrypto) - Wrapper for Apple's [CommonCrypto](https://opensource.apple.com/source/CommonCrypto/) library written in Swift.
- [SwiftThemis](https://github.com/cossacklabs/themis/wiki/Swift-Howto) - Swift wrapper on Themis for iOS and macOS. High level crypto library for storing data (AES), secure messaging (ECC + ECDSA / RSA + PSS + PKCS#7) and session-oriented, forward secrecy data exchange (ECDH key agreement, ECC & AES encryption).
- [Bristol Cryptography Blog](http://bristolcrypto.blogspot.co.uk/) - Official blog for the University of Bristol cryptography research group. It's a group blog, primarily targeted towards cryptographers and crypto students.
- [Charles Engelke's Blog](https://blog.engelke.com/tag/webcrypto/) - WebCrypto Blog Posts.
- [Root Labs rdist](https://rdist.root.org/) - Nate Lawson and his co-authors write on a variety of topics including hardware implementation, cryptographic timing attacks, DRM, and the Commodore 64.
- [Schneier on security](https://www.schneier.com/) - One of the oldest and most famous security blogs. Bruce covers topics from block cipher cryptanalysis to airport security.
### Mailing lists
- [metzdowd.com](http://www.metzdowd.com/mailman/listinfo/cryptography) - "Cryptography" is a low-noise moderated mailing list devoted to cryptographic technology and its political impact.
- [Modern Crypto](https://moderncrypto.org/) - Forums for discussing modern cryptographic practice.
- [randombit.net](https://lists.randombit.net/mailman/listinfo/cryptography) - List for general discussion of cryptography, particularly the technical aspects.
- [Boxentriq](https://www.boxentriq.com/code-breaking) - Easy to use tools for analysis and code-breaking of the most frequent ciphers, including Vigenère, Beaufort, Keyed Caesar, Transposition Ciphers, etc.
- [CrypTool](http://www.cryptool-online.org/) - Great variety of ciphers, encryption methods and analysis tools are introduced, often together with illustrated examples.
- [Cryptocurrencies Dashboard](https://dashboard.nbshare.io/apps/reddit/top-crypto-subreddits/) - A dashboard of most active cryptocurrencies discussed on Reddit.
- [Cryptography Stackexchange](http://crypto.stackexchange.com/) - Cryptography Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for software developers, mathematicians and others interested in cryptography.
- [Cryptopals Crypto Challenges](http://cryptopals.com/) - A series of applied cryptography challenges, starting from very basic challenges, such as hex to base 64 challanges, and gradually increasing the difficulty up to abstract algebra.
- [Eliptic Curve Calculator](https://paulmillr.com/noble/#demo) - simple form that allows to calculate elliptic curve public keys and signatures. Features include ability to create custom curves and different signature types
- [IACR](https://www.iacr.org/) - The International Association for Cryptologic Research is a non-profit scientific organization whose purpose is to further research in cryptology and related fields.
- [Learn Cryptography](https://learncryptography.com/) - Dedicated to helping people understand how and why the cryptographic systems they use everyday without realizing work to secure and protect their privacy.
- [Subreddit of Cryptography](https://www.reddit.com/r/cryptography/) - This subreddit is intended for links and discussions surrounding the theory and practice of strong cryptography.
- [TikZ for Cryptographers](https://www.iacr.org/authors/tikz/) - A collection of block diagrams of common cryptographic functions drawn in TikZ to be used in research papers and presentations written in LaTeX.
- [WebCryptoAPI](https://www.w3.org/TR/WebCryptoAPI/) - This specification describes a JavaScript API for performing basic cryptographic operations in web applications, such as hashing, signature generation and verification, and encryption and decryption.
Your contributions are always welcome! Please take a look at the [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/sobolevn/awesome-cryptography/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) first.
