synapse-product/synapse/federation/transport/client.py

1065 lines
33 KiB
Python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import logging
import urllib
from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
from twisted.internet import defer
from synapse.api.constants import Membership
from synapse.api.errors import Codes, HttpResponseException, SynapseError
from synapse.api.urls import (
FEDERATION_UNSTABLE_PREFIX,
FEDERATION_V1_PREFIX,
FEDERATION_V2_PREFIX,
)
from synapse.logging.utils import log_function
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class TransportLayerClient(object):
"""Sends federation HTTP requests to other servers"""
def __init__(self, hs):
self.server_name = hs.hostname
self.client = hs.get_http_client()
@log_function
def get_room_state_ids(self, destination, room_id, event_id):
""" Requests all state for a given room from the given server at the
given event. Returns the state's event_id's
Args:
destination (str): The host name of the remote homeserver we want
to get the state from.
context (str): The name of the context we want the state of
event_id (str): The event we want the context at.
Returns:
Deferred: Results in a dict received from the remote homeserver.
"""
logger.debug("get_room_state_ids dest=%s, room=%s", destination, room_id)
path = _create_v1_path("/state_ids/%s", room_id)
return self.client.get_json(
destination,
path=path,
args={"event_id": event_id},
try_trailing_slash_on_400=True,
)
@log_function
def get_event(self, destination, event_id, timeout=None):
""" Requests the pdu with give id and origin from the given server.
Args:
destination (str): The host name of the remote homeserver we want
to get the state from.
event_id (str): The id of the event being requested.
timeout (int): How long to try (in ms) the destination for before
giving up. None indicates no timeout.
Returns:
Deferred: Results in a dict received from the remote homeserver.
"""
logger.debug("get_pdu dest=%s, event_id=%s", destination, event_id)
path = _create_v1_path("/event/%s", event_id)
return self.client.get_json(
destination, path=path, timeout=timeout, try_trailing_slash_on_400=True
)
@log_function
def backfill(self, destination, room_id, event_tuples, limit):
""" Requests `limit` previous PDUs in a given context before list of
PDUs.
Args:
dest (str)
room_id (str)
event_tuples (list)
limit (int)
Returns:
Deferred: Results in a dict received from the remote homeserver.
"""
logger.debug(
"backfill dest=%s, room_id=%s, event_tuples=%r, limit=%s",
destination,
room_id,
event_tuples,
str(limit),
)
if not event_tuples:
# TODO: raise?
return
path = _create_v1_path("/backfill/%s", room_id)
args = {"v": event_tuples, "limit": [str(limit)]}
return self.client.get_json(
destination, path=path, args=args, try_trailing_slash_on_400=True
)
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def send_transaction(self, transaction, json_data_callback=None):
""" Sends the given Transaction to its destination
Args:
transaction (Transaction)
Returns:
Deferred: Succeeds when we get a 2xx HTTP response. The result
will be the decoded JSON body.
Fails with ``HTTPRequestException`` if we get an HTTP response
code >= 300.
Fails with ``NotRetryingDestination`` if we are not yet ready
to retry this server.
Fails with ``FederationDeniedError`` if this destination
is not on our federation whitelist
"""
logger.debug(
"send_data dest=%s, txid=%s",
transaction.destination,
transaction.transaction_id,
)
if transaction.destination == self.server_name:
raise RuntimeError("Transport layer cannot send to itself!")
# FIXME: This is only used by the tests. The actual json sent is
# generated by the json_data_callback.
json_data = transaction.get_dict()
path = _create_v1_path("/send/%s", transaction.transaction_id)
response = yield self.client.put_json(
transaction.destination,
path=path,
data=json_data,
json_data_callback=json_data_callback,
long_retries=True,
backoff_on_404=True, # If we get a 404 the other side has gone
try_trailing_slash_on_400=True,
)
return response
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def make_query(
self, destination, query_type, args, retry_on_dns_fail, ignore_backoff=False
):
path = _create_v1_path("/query/%s", query_type)
content = yield self.client.get_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args=args,
retry_on_dns_fail=retry_on_dns_fail,
timeout=10000,
ignore_backoff=ignore_backoff,
)
return content
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def make_membership_event(self, destination, room_id, user_id, membership, params):
"""Asks a remote server to build and sign us a membership event
Note that this does not append any events to any graphs.
Args:
destination (str): address of remote homeserver
room_id (str): room to join/leave
user_id (str): user to be joined/left
membership (str): one of join/leave
params (dict[str, str|Iterable[str]]): Query parameters to include in the
request.
Returns:
Deferred: Succeeds when we get a 2xx HTTP response. The result
will be the decoded JSON body (ie, the new event).
Fails with ``HTTPRequestException`` if we get an HTTP response
code >= 300.
Fails with ``NotRetryingDestination`` if we are not yet ready
to retry this server.
Fails with ``FederationDeniedError`` if the remote destination
is not in our federation whitelist
"""
valid_memberships = {Membership.JOIN, Membership.LEAVE}
if membership not in valid_memberships:
raise RuntimeError(
"make_membership_event called with membership='%s', must be one of %s"
% (membership, ",".join(valid_memberships))
)
path = _create_v1_path("/make_%s/%s/%s", membership, room_id, user_id)
ignore_backoff = False
retry_on_dns_fail = False
if membership == Membership.LEAVE:
# we particularly want to do our best to send leave events. The
# problem is that if it fails, we won't retry it later, so if the
# remote server was just having a momentary blip, the room will be
# out of sync.
ignore_backoff = True
retry_on_dns_fail = True
content = yield self.client.get_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args=params,
retry_on_dns_fail=retry_on_dns_fail,
timeout=20000,
ignore_backoff=ignore_backoff,
)
return content
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def send_join_v1(self, destination, room_id, event_id, content):
path = _create_v1_path("/send_join/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
response = yield self.client.put_json(
destination=destination, path=path, data=content
)
return response
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def send_join_v2(self, destination, room_id, event_id, content):
path = _create_v2_path("/send_join/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
response = yield self.client.put_json(
destination=destination, path=path, data=content
)
return response
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def send_leave_v1(self, destination, room_id, event_id, content):
path = _create_v1_path("/send_leave/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
response = yield self.client.put_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
data=content,
# we want to do our best to send this through. The problem is
# that if it fails, we won't retry it later, so if the remote
# server was just having a momentary blip, the room will be out of
# sync.
ignore_backoff=True,
)
return response
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def send_leave_v2(self, destination, room_id, event_id, content):
path = _create_v2_path("/send_leave/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
response = yield self.client.put_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
data=content,
# we want to do our best to send this through. The problem is
# that if it fails, we won't retry it later, so if the remote
# server was just having a momentary blip, the room will be out of
# sync.
ignore_backoff=True,
)
return response
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def send_invite_v1(self, destination, room_id, event_id, content):
path = _create_v1_path("/invite/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
response = yield self.client.put_json(
destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
)
return response
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def send_invite_v2(self, destination, room_id, event_id, content):
path = _create_v2_path("/invite/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
response = yield self.client.put_json(
destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
)
return response
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def get_public_rooms(
self,
remote_server: str,
limit: Optional[int] = None,
since_token: Optional[str] = None,
search_filter: Optional[Dict] = None,
include_all_networks: bool = False,
third_party_instance_id: Optional[str] = None,
):
"""Get the list of public rooms from a remote homeserver
See synapse.federation.federation_client.FederationClient.get_public_rooms for
more information.
"""
if search_filter:
# this uses MSC2197 (Search Filtering over Federation)
path = _create_v1_path("/publicRooms")
data = {
"include_all_networks": "true" if include_all_networks else "false"
} # type: Dict[str, Any]
if third_party_instance_id:
data["third_party_instance_id"] = third_party_instance_id
if limit:
data["limit"] = str(limit)
if since_token:
data["since"] = since_token
data["filter"] = search_filter
try:
response = yield self.client.post_json(
destination=remote_server, path=path, data=data, ignore_backoff=True
)
except HttpResponseException as e:
if e.code == 403:
raise SynapseError(
403,
"You are not allowed to view the public rooms list of %s"
% (remote_server,),
errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN,
)
raise
else:
path = _create_v1_path("/publicRooms")
args = {
"include_all_networks": "true" if include_all_networks else "false"
} # type: Dict[str, Any]
if third_party_instance_id:
args["third_party_instance_id"] = (third_party_instance_id,)
if limit:
args["limit"] = [str(limit)]
if since_token:
args["since"] = [since_token]
try:
response = yield self.client.get_json(
destination=remote_server, path=path, args=args, ignore_backoff=True
)
except HttpResponseException as e:
if e.code == 403:
raise SynapseError(
403,
"You are not allowed to view the public rooms list of %s"
% (remote_server,),
errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN,
)
raise
return response
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def exchange_third_party_invite(self, destination, room_id, event_dict):
path = _create_v1_path("/exchange_third_party_invite/%s", room_id)
response = yield self.client.put_json(
destination=destination, path=path, data=event_dict
)
return response
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def get_event_auth(self, destination, room_id, event_id):
path = _create_v1_path("/event_auth/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
content = yield self.client.get_json(destination=destination, path=path)
return content
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def query_client_keys(self, destination, query_content, timeout):
"""Query the device keys for a list of user ids hosted on a remote
server.
Request:
{
"device_keys": {
"<user_id>": ["<device_id>"]
}
}
Response:
{
"device_keys": {
"<user_id>": {
"<device_id>": {...}
}
},
"master_key": {
"<user_id>": {...}
}
},
"self_signing_key": {
"<user_id>": {...}
}
}
Args:
destination(str): The server to query.
query_content(dict): The user ids to query.
Returns:
A dict containing device and cross-signing keys.
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/user/keys/query")
content = yield self.client.post_json(
destination=destination, path=path, data=query_content, timeout=timeout
)
return content
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def query_user_devices(self, destination, user_id, timeout):
"""Query the devices for a user id hosted on a remote server.
Response:
{
"stream_id": "...",
"devices": [ { ... } ],
"master_key": {
"user_id": "<user_id>",
"usage": [...],
"keys": {...},
"signatures": {
"<user_id>": {...}
}
},
"self_signing_key": {
"user_id": "<user_id>",
"usage": [...],
"keys": {...},
"signatures": {
"<user_id>": {...}
}
}
}
Args:
destination(str): The server to query.
query_content(dict): The user ids to query.
Returns:
A dict containing device and cross-signing keys.
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/user/devices/%s", user_id)
content = yield self.client.get_json(
destination=destination, path=path, timeout=timeout
)
return content
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def claim_client_keys(self, destination, query_content, timeout):
"""Claim one-time keys for a list of devices hosted on a remote server.
Request:
{
"one_time_keys": {
"<user_id>": {
"<device_id>": "<algorithm>"
}
}
}
Response:
{
"device_keys": {
"<user_id>": {
"<device_id>": {
"<algorithm>:<key_id>": "<key_base64>"
}
}
}
}
Args:
destination(str): The server to query.
query_content(dict): The user ids to query.
Returns:
A dict containing the one-time keys.
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/user/keys/claim")
content = yield self.client.post_json(
destination=destination, path=path, data=query_content, timeout=timeout
)
return content
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@log_function
def get_missing_events(
self,
destination,
room_id,
earliest_events,
latest_events,
limit,
min_depth,
timeout,
):
path = _create_v1_path("/get_missing_events/%s", room_id)
content = yield self.client.post_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
data={
"limit": int(limit),
"min_depth": int(min_depth),
"earliest_events": earliest_events,
"latest_events": latest_events,
},
timeout=timeout,
)
return content
@log_function
def get_group_profile(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
"""Get a group profile
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/profile", group_id)
return self.client.get_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def update_group_profile(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, content):
"""Update a remote group profile
Args:
destination (str)
group_id (str)
requester_user_id (str)
content (dict): The new profile of the group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/profile", group_id)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
data=content,
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def get_group_summary(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
"""Get a group summary
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary", group_id)
return self.client.get_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def get_rooms_in_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
"""Get all rooms in a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/rooms", group_id)
return self.client.get_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
def add_room_to_group(
self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, content
):
"""Add a room to a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/room/%s", group_id, room_id)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
data=content,
ignore_backoff=True,
)
def update_room_in_group(
self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, config_key, content
):
"""Update room in group
"""
path = _create_v1_path(
"/groups/%s/room/%s/config/%s", group_id, room_id, config_key
)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
data=content,
ignore_backoff=True,
)
def remove_room_from_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id):
"""Remove a room from a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/room/%s", group_id, room_id)
return self.client.delete_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def get_users_in_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
"""Get users in a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users", group_id)
return self.client.get_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def get_invited_users_in_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
"""Get users that have been invited to a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/invited_users", group_id)
return self.client.get_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def accept_group_invite(self, destination, group_id, user_id, content):
"""Accept a group invite
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users/%s/accept_invite", group_id, user_id)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
)
@log_function
def join_group(self, destination, group_id, user_id, content):
"""Attempts to join a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users/%s/join", group_id, user_id)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
)
@log_function
def invite_to_group(
self, destination, group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content
):
"""Invite a user to a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users/%s/invite", group_id, user_id)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
data=content,
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def invite_to_group_notification(self, destination, group_id, user_id, content):
"""Sent by group server to inform a user's server that they have been
invited.
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/local/%s/users/%s/invite", group_id, user_id)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
)
@log_function
def remove_user_from_group(
self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, user_id, content
):
"""Remove a user fron a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users/%s/remove", group_id, user_id)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
data=content,
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def remove_user_from_group_notification(
self, destination, group_id, user_id, content
):
"""Sent by group server to inform a user's server that they have been
kicked from the group.
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/local/%s/users/%s/remove", group_id, user_id)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
)
@log_function
def renew_group_attestation(self, destination, group_id, user_id, content):
"""Sent by either a group server or a user's server to periodically update
the attestations
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/renew_attestation/%s", group_id, user_id)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
)
@log_function
def update_group_summary_room(
self, destination, group_id, user_id, room_id, category_id, content
):
"""Update a room entry in a group summary
"""
if category_id:
path = _create_v1_path(
"/groups/%s/summary/categories/%s/rooms/%s",
group_id,
category_id,
room_id,
)
else:
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/rooms/%s", group_id, room_id)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": user_id},
data=content,
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def delete_group_summary_room(
self, destination, group_id, user_id, room_id, category_id
):
"""Delete a room entry in a group summary
"""
if category_id:
path = _create_v1_path(
"/groups/%s/summary/categories/%s/rooms/%s",
group_id,
category_id,
room_id,
)
else:
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/rooms/%s", group_id, room_id)
return self.client.delete_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def get_group_categories(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
"""Get all categories in a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories", group_id)
return self.client.get_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def get_group_category(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, category_id):
"""Get category info in a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id)
return self.client.get_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def update_group_category(
self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, category_id, content
):
"""Update a category in a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
data=content,
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def delete_group_category(
self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, category_id
):
"""Delete a category in a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id)
return self.client.delete_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def get_group_roles(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
"""Get all roles in a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles", group_id)
return self.client.get_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def get_group_role(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, role_id):
"""Get a roles info
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id)
return self.client.get_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def update_group_role(
self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, role_id, content
):
"""Update a role in a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
data=content,
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def delete_group_role(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, role_id):
"""Delete a role in a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id)
return self.client.delete_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def update_group_summary_user(
self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, user_id, role_id, content
):
"""Update a users entry in a group
"""
if role_id:
path = _create_v1_path(
"/groups/%s/summary/roles/%s/users/%s", group_id, role_id, user_id
)
else:
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/users/%s", group_id, user_id)
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
data=content,
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def set_group_join_policy(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, content):
"""Sets the join policy for a group
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/settings/m.join_policy", group_id)
return self.client.put_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
data=content,
ignore_backoff=True,
)
@log_function
def delete_group_summary_user(
self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, user_id, role_id
):
"""Delete a users entry in a group
"""
if role_id:
path = _create_v1_path(
"/groups/%s/summary/roles/%s/users/%s", group_id, role_id, user_id
)
else:
path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/users/%s", group_id, user_id)
return self.client.delete_json(
destination=destination,
path=path,
args={"requester_user_id": requester_user_id},
ignore_backoff=True,
)
def bulk_get_publicised_groups(self, destination, user_ids):
"""Get the groups a list of users are publicising
"""
path = _create_v1_path("/get_groups_publicised")
content = {"user_ids": user_ids}
return self.client.post_json(
destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
)
def get_room_complexity(self, destination, room_id):
"""
Args:
destination (str): The remote server
room_id (str): The room ID to ask about.
"""
path = _create_path(FEDERATION_UNSTABLE_PREFIX, "/rooms/%s/complexity", room_id)
return self.client.get_json(destination=destination, path=path)
def _create_path(federation_prefix, path, *args):
"""
Ensures that all args are url encoded.
"""
return federation_prefix + path % tuple(urllib.parse.quote(arg, "") for arg in args)
def _create_v1_path(path, *args):
"""Creates a path against V1 federation API from the path template and
args. Ensures that all args are url encoded.
Example:
_create_v1_path("/event/%s", event_id)
Args:
path (str): String template for the path
args: ([str]): Args to insert into path. Each arg will be url encoded
Returns:
str
"""
return _create_path(FEDERATION_V1_PREFIX, path, *args)
def _create_v2_path(path, *args):
"""Creates a path against V2 federation API from the path template and
args. Ensures that all args are url encoded.
Example:
_create_v2_path("/event/%s", event_id)
Args:
path (str): String template for the path
args: ([str]): Args to insert into path. Each arg will be url encoded
Returns:
str
"""
return _create_path(FEDERATION_V2_PREFIX, path, *args)