# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd # Copyright 2017, 2018 New Vector Ltd # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import logging from collections import defaultdict import six from six.moves import urllib import attr from signedjson.key import ( decode_verify_key_bytes, encode_verify_key_base64, is_signing_algorithm_supported, ) from signedjson.sign import ( SignatureVerifyException, encode_canonical_json, signature_ids, verify_signed_json, ) from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64 from twisted.internet import defer from synapse.api.errors import ( Codes, HttpResponseException, RequestSendFailed, SynapseError, ) from synapse.logging.context import ( PreserveLoggingContext, current_context, make_deferred_yieldable, preserve_fn, run_in_background, ) from synapse.storage.keys import FetchKeyResult from synapse.util import unwrapFirstError from synapse.util.async_helpers import yieldable_gather_results from synapse.util.metrics import Measure from synapse.util.retryutils import NotRetryingDestination logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) @attr.s(slots=True, cmp=False) class VerifyJsonRequest(object): """ A request to verify a JSON object. Attributes: server_name(str): The name of the server to verify against. key_ids(set[str]): The set of key_ids to that could be used to verify the JSON object json_object(dict): The JSON object to verify. minimum_valid_until_ts (int): time at which we require the signing key to be valid. (0 implies we don't care) key_ready (Deferred[str, str, nacl.signing.VerifyKey]): A deferred (server_name, key_id, verify_key) tuple that resolves when a verify key has been fetched. The deferreds' callbacks are run with no logcontext. If we are unable to find a key which satisfies the request, the deferred errbacks with an M_UNAUTHORIZED SynapseError. """ server_name = attr.ib() json_object = attr.ib() minimum_valid_until_ts = attr.ib() request_name = attr.ib() key_ids = attr.ib(init=False) key_ready = attr.ib(default=attr.Factory(defer.Deferred)) def __attrs_post_init__(self): self.key_ids = signature_ids(self.json_object, self.server_name) class KeyLookupError(ValueError): pass class Keyring(object): def __init__(self, hs, key_fetchers=None): self.clock = hs.get_clock() if key_fetchers is None: key_fetchers = ( StoreKeyFetcher(hs), PerspectivesKeyFetcher(hs), ServerKeyFetcher(hs), ) self._key_fetchers = key_fetchers # map from server name to Deferred. Has an entry for each server with # an ongoing key download; the Deferred completes once the download # completes. # # These are regular, logcontext-agnostic Deferreds. self.key_downloads = {} def verify_json_for_server( self, server_name, json_object, validity_time, request_name ): """Verify that a JSON object has been signed by a given server Args: server_name (str): name of the server which must have signed this object json_object (dict): object to be checked validity_time (int): timestamp at which we require the signing key to be valid. (0 implies we don't care) request_name (str): an identifier for this json object (eg, an event id) for logging. Returns: Deferred[None]: completes if the the object was correctly signed, otherwise errbacks with an error """ req = VerifyJsonRequest(server_name, json_object, validity_time, request_name) requests = (req,) return make_deferred_yieldable(self._verify_objects(requests)[0]) def verify_json_objects_for_server(self, server_and_json): """Bulk verifies signatures of json objects, bulk fetching keys as necessary. Args: server_and_json (iterable[Tuple[str, dict, int, str]): Iterable of (server_name, json_object, validity_time, request_name) tuples. validity_time is a timestamp at which the signing key must be valid. request_name is an identifier for this json object (eg, an event id) for logging. Returns: List<Deferred[None]>: for each input triplet, a deferred indicating success or failure to verify each json object's signature for the given server_name. The deferreds run their callbacks in the sentinel logcontext. """ return self._verify_objects( VerifyJsonRequest(server_name, json_object, validity_time, request_name) for server_name, json_object, validity_time, request_name in server_and_json ) def _verify_objects(self, verify_requests): """Does the work of verify_json_[objects_]for_server Args: verify_requests (iterable[VerifyJsonRequest]): Iterable of verification requests. Returns: List<Deferred[None]>: for each input item, a deferred indicating success or failure to verify each json object's signature for the given server_name. The deferreds run their callbacks in the sentinel logcontext. """ # a list of VerifyJsonRequests which are awaiting a key lookup key_lookups = [] handle = preserve_fn(_handle_key_deferred) def process(verify_request): """Process an entry in the request list Adds a key request to key_lookups, and returns a deferred which will complete or fail (in the sentinel context) when verification completes. """ if not verify_request.key_ids: return defer.fail( SynapseError( 400, "Not signed by %s" % (verify_request.server_name,), Codes.UNAUTHORIZED, ) ) logger.debug( "Verifying %s for %s with key_ids %s, min_validity %i", verify_request.request_name, verify_request.server_name, verify_request.key_ids, verify_request.minimum_valid_until_ts, ) # add the key request to the queue, but don't start it off yet. key_lookups.append(verify_request) # now run _handle_key_deferred, which will wait for the key request # to complete and then do the verification. # # We want _handle_key_request to log to the right context, so we # wrap it with preserve_fn (aka run_in_background) return handle(verify_request) results = [process(r) for r in verify_requests] if key_lookups: run_in_background(self._start_key_lookups, key_lookups) return results @defer.inlineCallbacks def _start_key_lookups(self, verify_requests): """Sets off the key fetches for each verify request Once each fetch completes, verify_request.key_ready will be resolved. Args: verify_requests (List[VerifyJsonRequest]): """ try: ctx = current_context() # map from server name to a set of outstanding request ids server_to_request_ids = {} for verify_request in verify_requests: server_name = verify_request.server_name request_id = id(verify_request) server_to_request_ids.setdefault(server_name, set()).add(request_id) # Wait for any previous lookups to complete before proceeding. yield self.wait_for_previous_lookups(server_to_request_ids.keys()) # take out a lock on each of the servers by sticking a Deferred in # key_downloads for server_name in server_to_request_ids.keys(): self.key_downloads[server_name] = defer.Deferred() logger.debug("Got key lookup lock on %s", server_name) # When we've finished fetching all the keys for a given server_name, # drop the lock by resolving the deferred in key_downloads. def drop_server_lock(server_name): d = self.key_downloads.pop(server_name) d.callback(None) def lookup_done(res, verify_request): server_name = verify_request.server_name server_requests = server_to_request_ids[server_name] server_requests.remove(id(verify_request)) # if there are no more requests for this server, we can drop the lock. if not server_requests: with PreserveLoggingContext(ctx): logger.debug("Releasing key lookup lock on %s", server_name) # ... but not immediately, as that can cause stack explosions if # we get a long queue of lookups. self.clock.call_later(0, drop_server_lock, server_name) return res for verify_request in verify_requests: verify_request.key_ready.addBoth(lookup_done, verify_request) # Actually start fetching keys. self._get_server_verify_keys(verify_requests) except Exception: logger.exception("Error starting key lookups") @defer.inlineCallbacks def wait_for_previous_lookups(self, server_names): """Waits for any previous key lookups for the given servers to finish. Args: server_names (Iterable[str]): list of servers which we want to look up Returns: Deferred[None]: resolves once all key lookups for the given servers have completed. Follows the synapse rules of logcontext preservation. """ loop_count = 1 while True: wait_on = [ (server_name, self.key_downloads[server_name]) for server_name in server_names if server_name in self.key_downloads ] if not wait_on: break logger.info( "Waiting for existing lookups for %s to complete [loop %i]", [w[0] for w in wait_on], loop_count, ) with PreserveLoggingContext(): yield defer.DeferredList((w[1] for w in wait_on)) loop_count += 1 def _get_server_verify_keys(self, verify_requests): """Tries to find at least one key for each verify request For each verify_request, verify_request.key_ready is called back with params (server_name, key_id, VerifyKey) if a key is found, or errbacked with a SynapseError if none of the keys are found. Args: verify_requests (list[VerifyJsonRequest]): list of verify requests """ remaining_requests = {rq for rq in verify_requests if not rq.key_ready.called} @defer.inlineCallbacks def do_iterations(): with Measure(self.clock, "get_server_verify_keys"): for f in self._key_fetchers: if not remaining_requests: return yield self._attempt_key_fetches_with_fetcher(f, remaining_requests) # look for any requests which weren't satisfied with PreserveLoggingContext(): for verify_request in remaining_requests: verify_request.key_ready.errback( SynapseError( 401, "No key for %s with ids in %s (min_validity %i)" % ( verify_request.server_name, verify_request.key_ids, verify_request.minimum_valid_until_ts, ), Codes.UNAUTHORIZED, ) ) def on_err(err): # we don't really expect to get here, because any errors should already # have been caught and logged. But if we do, let's log the error and make # sure that all of the deferreds are resolved. logger.error("Unexpected error in _get_server_verify_keys: %s", err) with PreserveLoggingContext(): for verify_request in remaining_requests: if not verify_request.key_ready.called: verify_request.key_ready.errback(err) run_in_background(do_iterations).addErrback(on_err) @defer.inlineCallbacks def _attempt_key_fetches_with_fetcher(self, fetcher, remaining_requests): """Use a key fetcher to attempt to satisfy some key requests Args: fetcher (KeyFetcher): fetcher to use to fetch the keys remaining_requests (set[VerifyJsonRequest]): outstanding key requests. Any successfully-completed requests will be removed from the list. """ # dict[str, dict[str, int]]: keys to fetch. # server_name -> key_id -> min_valid_ts missing_keys = defaultdict(dict) for verify_request in remaining_requests: # any completed requests should already have been removed assert not verify_request.key_ready.called keys_for_server = missing_keys[verify_request.server_name] for key_id in verify_request.key_ids: # If we have several requests for the same key, then we only need to # request that key once, but we should do so with the greatest # min_valid_until_ts of the requests, so that we can satisfy all of # the requests. keys_for_server[key_id] = max( keys_for_server.get(key_id, -1), verify_request.minimum_valid_until_ts, ) results = yield fetcher.get_keys(missing_keys) completed = [] for verify_request in remaining_requests: server_name = verify_request.server_name # see if any of the keys we got this time are sufficient to # complete this VerifyJsonRequest. result_keys = results.get(server_name, {}) for key_id in verify_request.key_ids: fetch_key_result = result_keys.get(key_id) if not fetch_key_result: # we didn't get a result for this key continue if ( fetch_key_result.valid_until_ts < verify_request.minimum_valid_until_ts ): # key was not valid at this point continue with PreserveLoggingContext(): verify_request.key_ready.callback( (server_name, key_id, fetch_key_result.verify_key) ) completed.append(verify_request) break remaining_requests.difference_update(completed) class KeyFetcher(object): def get_keys(self, keys_to_fetch): """ Args: keys_to_fetch (dict[str, dict[str, int]]): the keys to be fetched. server_name -> key_id -> min_valid_ts Returns: Deferred[dict[str, dict[str, synapse.storage.keys.FetchKeyResult|None]]]: map from server_name -> key_id -> FetchKeyResult """ raise NotImplementedError class StoreKeyFetcher(KeyFetcher): """KeyFetcher impl which fetches keys from our data store""" def __init__(self, hs): self.store = hs.get_datastore() @defer.inlineCallbacks def get_keys(self, keys_to_fetch): """see KeyFetcher.get_keys""" keys_to_fetch = ( (server_name, key_id) for server_name, keys_for_server in keys_to_fetch.items() for key_id in keys_for_server.keys() ) res = yield self.store.get_server_verify_keys(keys_to_fetch) keys = {} for (server_name, key_id), key in res.items(): keys.setdefault(server_name, {})[key_id] = key return keys class BaseV2KeyFetcher(object): def __init__(self, hs): self.store = hs.get_datastore() self.config = hs.get_config() @defer.inlineCallbacks def process_v2_response(self, from_server, response_json, time_added_ms): """Parse a 'Server Keys' structure from the result of a /key request This is used to parse either the entirety of the response from GET /_matrix/key/v2/server, or a single entry from the list returned by POST /_matrix/key/v2/query. Checks that each signature in the response that claims to come from the origin server is valid, and that there is at least one such signature. Stores the json in server_keys_json so that it can be used for future responses to /_matrix/key/v2/query. Args: from_server (str): the name of the server producing this result: either the origin server for a /_matrix/key/v2/server request, or the notary for a /_matrix/key/v2/query. response_json (dict): the json-decoded Server Keys response object time_added_ms (int): the timestamp to record in server_keys_json Returns: Deferred[dict[str, FetchKeyResult]]: map from key_id to result object """ ts_valid_until_ms = response_json["valid_until_ts"] # start by extracting the keys from the response, since they may be required # to validate the signature on the response. verify_keys = {} for key_id, key_data in response_json["verify_keys"].items(): if is_signing_algorithm_supported(key_id): key_base64 = key_data["key"] key_bytes = decode_base64(key_base64) verify_key = decode_verify_key_bytes(key_id, key_bytes) verify_keys[key_id] = FetchKeyResult( verify_key=verify_key, valid_until_ts=ts_valid_until_ms ) server_name = response_json["server_name"] verified = False for key_id in response_json["signatures"].get(server_name, {}): key = verify_keys.get(key_id) if not key: # the key may not be present in verify_keys if: # * we got the key from the notary server, and: # * the key belongs to the notary server, and: # * the notary server is using a different key to sign notary # responses. continue verify_signed_json(response_json, server_name, key.verify_key) verified = True break if not verified: raise KeyLookupError( "Key response for %s is not signed by the origin server" % (server_name,) ) for key_id, key_data in response_json["old_verify_keys"].items(): if is_signing_algorithm_supported(key_id): key_base64 = key_data["key"] key_bytes = decode_base64(key_base64) verify_key = decode_verify_key_bytes(key_id, key_bytes) verify_keys[key_id] = FetchKeyResult( verify_key=verify_key, valid_until_ts=key_data["expired_ts"] ) key_json_bytes = encode_canonical_json(response_json) yield make_deferred_yieldable( defer.gatherResults( [ run_in_background( self.store.store_server_keys_json, server_name=server_name, key_id=key_id, from_server=from_server, ts_now_ms=time_added_ms, ts_expires_ms=ts_valid_until_ms, key_json_bytes=key_json_bytes, ) for key_id in verify_keys ], consumeErrors=True, ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError) ) return verify_keys class PerspectivesKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher): """KeyFetcher impl which fetches keys from the "perspectives" servers""" def __init__(self, hs): super(PerspectivesKeyFetcher, self).__init__(hs) self.clock = hs.get_clock() self.client = hs.get_http_client() self.key_servers = self.config.key_servers @defer.inlineCallbacks def get_keys(self, keys_to_fetch): """see KeyFetcher.get_keys""" @defer.inlineCallbacks def get_key(key_server): try: result = yield self.get_server_verify_key_v2_indirect( keys_to_fetch, key_server ) return result except KeyLookupError as e: logger.warning( "Key lookup failed from %r: %s", key_server.server_name, e ) except Exception as e: logger.exception( "Unable to get key from %r: %s %s", key_server.server_name, type(e).__name__, str(e), ) return {} results = yield make_deferred_yieldable( defer.gatherResults( [run_in_background(get_key, server) for server in self.key_servers], consumeErrors=True, ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError) ) union_of_keys = {} for result in results: for server_name, keys in result.items(): union_of_keys.setdefault(server_name, {}).update(keys) return union_of_keys @defer.inlineCallbacks def get_server_verify_key_v2_indirect(self, keys_to_fetch, key_server): """ Args: keys_to_fetch (dict[str, dict[str, int]]): the keys to be fetched. server_name -> key_id -> min_valid_ts key_server (synapse.config.key.TrustedKeyServer): notary server to query for the keys Returns: Deferred[dict[str, dict[str, synapse.storage.keys.FetchKeyResult]]]: map from server_name -> key_id -> FetchKeyResult Raises: KeyLookupError if there was an error processing the entire response from the server """ perspective_name = key_server.server_name logger.info( "Requesting keys %s from notary server %s", keys_to_fetch.items(), perspective_name, ) try: query_response = yield self.client.post_json( destination=perspective_name, path="/_matrix/key/v2/query", data={ "server_keys": { server_name: { key_id: {"minimum_valid_until_ts": min_valid_ts} for key_id, min_valid_ts in server_keys.items() } for server_name, server_keys in keys_to_fetch.items() } }, ) except (NotRetryingDestination, RequestSendFailed) as e: # these both have str() representations which we can't really improve upon raise KeyLookupError(str(e)) except HttpResponseException as e: raise KeyLookupError("Remote server returned an error: %s" % (e,)) keys = {} added_keys = [] time_now_ms = self.clock.time_msec() for response in query_response["server_keys"]: # do this first, so that we can give useful errors thereafter server_name = response.get("server_name") if not isinstance(server_name, six.string_types): raise KeyLookupError( "Malformed response from key notary server %s: invalid server_name" % (perspective_name,) ) try: self._validate_perspectives_response(key_server, response) processed_response = yield self.process_v2_response( perspective_name, response, time_added_ms=time_now_ms ) except KeyLookupError as e: logger.warning( "Error processing response from key notary server %s for origin " "server %s: %s", perspective_name, server_name, e, ) # we continue to process the rest of the response continue added_keys.extend( (server_name, key_id, key) for key_id, key in processed_response.items() ) keys.setdefault(server_name, {}).update(processed_response) yield self.store.store_server_verify_keys( perspective_name, time_now_ms, added_keys ) return keys def _validate_perspectives_response(self, key_server, response): """Optionally check the signature on the result of a /key/query request Args: key_server (synapse.config.key.TrustedKeyServer): the notary server that produced this result response (dict): the json-decoded Server Keys response object """ perspective_name = key_server.server_name perspective_keys = key_server.verify_keys if perspective_keys is None: # signature checking is disabled on this server return if ( "signatures" not in response or perspective_name not in response["signatures"] ): raise KeyLookupError("Response not signed by the notary server") verified = False for key_id in response["signatures"][perspective_name]: if key_id in perspective_keys: verify_signed_json(response, perspective_name, perspective_keys[key_id]) verified = True if not verified: raise KeyLookupError( "Response not signed with a known key: signed with: %r, known keys: %r" % ( list(response["signatures"][perspective_name].keys()), list(perspective_keys.keys()), ) ) class ServerKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher): """KeyFetcher impl which fetches keys from the origin servers""" def __init__(self, hs): super(ServerKeyFetcher, self).__init__(hs) self.clock = hs.get_clock() self.client = hs.get_http_client() def get_keys(self, keys_to_fetch): """ Args: keys_to_fetch (dict[str, iterable[str]]): the keys to be fetched. server_name -> key_ids Returns: Deferred[dict[str, dict[str, synapse.storage.keys.FetchKeyResult|None]]]: map from server_name -> key_id -> FetchKeyResult """ results = {} @defer.inlineCallbacks def get_key(key_to_fetch_item): server_name, key_ids = key_to_fetch_item try: keys = yield self.get_server_verify_key_v2_direct(server_name, key_ids) results[server_name] = keys except KeyLookupError as e: logger.warning( "Error looking up keys %s from %s: %s", key_ids, server_name, e ) except Exception: logger.exception("Error getting keys %s from %s", key_ids, server_name) return yieldable_gather_results(get_key, keys_to_fetch.items()).addCallback( lambda _: results ) @defer.inlineCallbacks def get_server_verify_key_v2_direct(self, server_name, key_ids): """ Args: server_name (str): key_ids (iterable[str]): Returns: Deferred[dict[str, FetchKeyResult]]: map from key ID to lookup result Raises: KeyLookupError if there was a problem making the lookup """ keys = {} # type: dict[str, FetchKeyResult] for requested_key_id in key_ids: # we may have found this key as a side-effect of asking for another. if requested_key_id in keys: continue time_now_ms = self.clock.time_msec() try: response = yield self.client.get_json( destination=server_name, path="/_matrix/key/v2/server/" + urllib.parse.quote(requested_key_id), ignore_backoff=True, # we only give the remote server 10s to respond. It should be an # easy request to handle, so if it doesn't reply within 10s, it's # probably not going to. # # Furthermore, when we are acting as a notary server, we cannot # wait all day for all of the origin servers, as the requesting # server will otherwise time out before we can respond. # # (Note that get_json may make 4 attempts, so this can still take # almost 45 seconds to fetch the headers, plus up to another 60s to # read the response). timeout=10000, ) except (NotRetryingDestination, RequestSendFailed) as e: # these both have str() representations which we can't really improve # upon raise KeyLookupError(str(e)) except HttpResponseException as e: raise KeyLookupError("Remote server returned an error: %s" % (e,)) if response["server_name"] != server_name: raise KeyLookupError( "Expected a response for server %r not %r" % (server_name, response["server_name"]) ) response_keys = yield self.process_v2_response( from_server=server_name, response_json=response, time_added_ms=time_now_ms, ) yield self.store.store_server_verify_keys( server_name, time_now_ms, ((server_name, key_id, key) for key_id, key in response_keys.items()), ) keys.update(response_keys) return keys @defer.inlineCallbacks def _handle_key_deferred(verify_request): """Waits for the key to become available, and then performs a verification Args: verify_request (VerifyJsonRequest): Returns: Deferred[None] Raises: SynapseError if there was a problem performing the verification """ server_name = verify_request.server_name with PreserveLoggingContext(): _, key_id, verify_key = yield verify_request.key_ready json_object = verify_request.json_object try: verify_signed_json(json_object, server_name, verify_key) except SignatureVerifyException as e: logger.debug( "Error verifying signature for %s:%s:%s with key %s: %s", server_name, verify_key.alg, verify_key.version, encode_verify_key_base64(verify_key), str(e), ) raise SynapseError( 401, "Invalid signature for server %s with key %s:%s: %s" % (server_name, verify_key.alg, verify_key.version, str(e)), Codes.UNAUTHORIZED, )