Fixes#2181.
The basic premise is that, when we
fail to reject an invite via the remote server, we can generate our own
out-of-band leave event and persist it as an outlier, so that we have something
to send to the client.
The idea here is that if an instance persists an event via the replication HTTP API it can return before we receive that event over replication, which can lead to races where code assumes that persisting an event immediately updates various caches (e.g. current state of the room).
Most of Synapse doesn't hit such races, so we don't do the waiting automagically, instead we do so where necessary to avoid unnecessary delays. We may decide to change our minds here if it turns out there are a lot of subtle races going on.
People probably want to look at this commit by commit.
This has never been documented, and I'm not sure it's ever been used outside
sytest.
It's quite a lot of poorly-maintained code, so I'd like to get rid of it.
For now I haven't removed the database table; I suggest we leave that for a
future clearout.
