diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/12/v12.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/12/v12.sql
index fbe8486b9..42ea1b2ff 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/12/v12.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/12/v12.sql
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rejections(
     reason VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     last_check VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 -- Push notification endpoints that users have configured
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers (
-  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
   user_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
   profile_tag VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
   kind VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers (
   last_success BIGINT,
   failing_since BIGINT,
   UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_rules (
-  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
   user_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
   rule_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
   priority_class TINYINT NOT NULL,
@@ -48,16 +48,16 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_rules (
   conditions VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
   actions VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
   UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_user_name on push_rules (user_name);
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_filters(
   user_id VARCHAR(255),
-  filter_id INTEGER,
+  filter_id BIGINT,
   filter_json BLOB
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS user_filters_by_user_id_filter_id ON user_filters(
     user_id, filter_id
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/13/v13.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/13/v13.sql
index 68d4ebd89..f0a5daf44 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/13/v13.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/13/v13.sql
@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@
  */
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS application_services(
-    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
     url VARCHAR(255),
     token VARCHAR(255),
     hs_token VARCHAR(255),
     sender VARCHAR(255),
     UNIQUE(token)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS application_services_regex(
-    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-    as_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
+    as_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
     namespace INTEGER,  /* enum[room_id|room_alias|user_id] */
     regex VARCHAR(255),
     FOREIGN KEY(as_id) REFERENCES application_services(id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/v14.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/v14.sql
index 2b50adbd6..a1260c5c1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/v14.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/v14.sql
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_enable (
-  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
   user_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
   rule_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
   enabled TINYINT,
   UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_enable_user_name on push_rules_enable (user_name);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/event_edges.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/event_edges.sql
index 823653f2e..910e25dfc 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/event_edges.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/event_edges.sql
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_forward_extremities(
     event_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     room_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (event_id, room_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ev_extrem_room ON event_forward_extremities(room_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ev_extrem_id ON event_forward_extremities(event_id);
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_backward_extremities(
     event_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     room_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (event_id, room_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ev_b_extrem_room ON event_backward_extremities(room_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ev_b_extrem_id ON event_backward_extremities(event_id);
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_edges(
     room_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     is_state BOOL NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (event_id, prev_event_id, room_id, is_state)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ev_edges_id ON event_edges(event_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ev_edges_prev_id ON event_edges(prev_event_id);
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_depth(
     room_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     min_depth INTEGER NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (room_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_depth_room ON room_depth(room_id);
 
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_depth_room ON room_depth(room_id);
 create TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_destinations(
     event_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     destination VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
-    delivered_ts INTEGER DEFAULT 0, -- or 0 if not delivered
+    delivered_ts BIGINT DEFAULT 0, -- or 0 if not delivered
     UNIQUE (event_id, destination)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS event_destinations_id ON event_destinations(event_id);
 
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS state_forward_extremities(
     type VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     state_key VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (event_id, room_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS st_extrem_keys ON state_forward_extremities(
     room_id, type, state_key
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS st_extrem_id ON state_forward_extremities(event_id);
 
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_auth(
     auth_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     room_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (event_id, auth_id, room_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS evauth_edges_id ON event_auth(event_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS evauth_edges_auth_id ON event_auth(auth_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/event_signatures.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/event_signatures.sql
index a7c3acf77..334d7c868 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/event_signatures.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/event_signatures.sql
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_content_hashes (
     algorithm VARCHAR(255),
     hash BLOB,
     UNIQUE (event_id, algorithm)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS event_content_hashes_id ON event_content_hashes(event_id);
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_reference_hashes (
     algorithm VARCHAR(255),
     hash BLOB,
     UNIQUE (event_id, algorithm)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS event_reference_hashes_id ON event_reference_hashes(event_id);
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_signatures (
     key_id VARCHAR(255),
     signature BLOB,
     UNIQUE (event_id, signature_name, key_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS event_signatures_id ON event_signatures(event_id);
 
@@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_edge_hashes(
     algorithm VARCHAR(255),
     hash BLOB,
     UNIQUE (event_id, prev_event_id, algorithm)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS event_edge_hashes_id ON event_edge_hashes(event_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/im.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/im.sql
index 8feacdbe0..d58106def 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/im.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/im.sql
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
  */
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS events(
-    stream_ordering INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-    topological_ordering INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    stream_ordering BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
+    topological_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL,
     event_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     type VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     room_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS events(
     unrecognized_keys BLOB,
     processed BOOL NOT NULL,
     outlier BOOL NOT NULL,
-    depth INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    depth BIGINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS events_event_id ON events (event_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS events_stream_ordering ON events (stream_ordering);
@@ -39,19 +39,19 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_json(
     internal_metadata BLOB NOT NULL,
     json BLOB NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS event_json_room_id ON event_json(room_id);
 
 
-CREATE TABLE state_events(
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS state_events(
     event_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     room_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     type VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     state_key VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     prev_state VARCHAR(255),
     UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS state_events_room_id ON state_events (room_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS state_events_type ON state_events (type);
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS current_state_events(
     state_key VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (event_id),
     UNIQUE (room_id, type, state_key)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS current_state_events_room_id ON current_state_events (room_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS current_state_events_type ON current_state_events (type);
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_memberships(
     room_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     membership VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_memberships_room_id ON room_memberships (room_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_memberships_user_id ON room_memberships (user_id);
@@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS feedback(
     sender VARCHAR(255),
     room_id VARCHAR(255),
     UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS topics(
     event_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     room_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     topic VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS topics_room_id ON topics(room_id);
 
@@ -112,14 +112,14 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_names_room_id ON room_names(room_id);
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rooms(
     room_id VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
-    is_public INTEGER,
+    is_public BOOL,
     creator VARCHAR(255)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_hosts(
     room_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     host VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (room_id, host)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_hosts_room_id ON room_hosts (room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/keys.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/keys.sql
index 7a5afe094..c0f2ec29b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/keys.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/keys.sql
@@ -16,16 +16,16 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS server_tls_certificates(
   server_name VARCHAR(255), -- Server name.
   fingerprint VARCHAR(255), -- Certificate fingerprint.
   from_server VARCHAR(255), -- Which key server the certificate was fetched from.
-  ts_added_ms INTEGER, -- When the certifcate was added.
+  ts_added_ms BIGINT, -- When the certifcate was added.
   tls_certificate BLOB, -- DER encoded x509 certificate.
   UNIQUE (server_name, fingerprint)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS server_signature_keys(
   server_name VARCHAR(255), -- Server name.
   key_id VARCHAR(255), -- Key version.
   from_server VARCHAR(255), -- Which key server the key was fetched form.
-  ts_added_ms INTEGER, -- When the key was added.
+  ts_added_ms BIGINT, -- When the key was added.
   verify_key BLOB, -- NACL verification key.
   UNIQUE (server_name, key_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/media_repository.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/media_repository.sql
index 1e84c1d96..8bc84dc24 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/media_repository.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/media_repository.sql
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS local_media_repository (
     media_id VARCHAR(255), -- The id used to refer to the media.
     media_type VARCHAR(255), -- The MIME-type of the media.
     media_length INTEGER, -- Length of the media in bytes.
-    created_ts INTEGER, -- When the content was uploaded in ms.
+    created_ts BIGINT, -- When the content was uploaded in ms.
     upload_name VARCHAR(255), -- The name the media was uploaded with.
     user_id VARCHAR(255), -- The user who uploaded the file.
     UNIQUE (media_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS local_media_repository_thumbnails (
     media_id VARCHAR(255), -- The id used to refer to the media.
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS local_media_repository_thumbnails (
     UNIQUE (
         media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height, thumbnail_type
     )
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS local_media_repository_thumbnails_media_id
     ON local_media_repository_thumbnails (media_id);
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS remote_media_cache (
     media_origin VARCHAR(255), -- The remote HS the media came from.
     media_id VARCHAR(255), -- The id used to refer to the media on that server.
     media_type VARCHAR(255), -- The MIME-type of the media.
-    created_ts INTEGER, -- When the content was uploaded in ms.
+    created_ts BIGINT, -- When the content was uploaded in ms.
     upload_name VARCHAR(255), -- The name the media was uploaded with.
     media_length INTEGER, -- Length of the media in bytes.
     filesystem_id VARCHAR(255), -- The name used to store the media on disk.
     UNIQUE (media_origin, media_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS remote_media_cache_thumbnails (
     media_origin VARCHAR(255), -- The remote HS the media came from.
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS remote_media_cache_thumbnails (
         media_origin, media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height,
         thumbnail_type
      )
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS remote_media_cache_thumbnails_media_id
     ON local_media_repository_thumbnails (media_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/presence.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/presence.sql
index 519812349..803132108 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/presence.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/presence.sql
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
  */
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS presence(
   user_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
-  state INTEGER,
+  state VARCHAR(20),
   status_msg VARCHAR(255),
-  mtime INTEGER, -- miliseconds since last state change
+  mtime BIGINT, -- miliseconds since last state change
   UNIQUE(user_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 -- For each of /my/ users which possibly-remote users are allowed to see their
 -- presence state
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS presence_allow_inbound(
   observed_user_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
   observer_user_id VARCHAR(255), -- a UserID,
   UNIQUE(observed_user_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 -- For each of /my/ users (watcher), which possibly-remote users are they
 -- watching?
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS presence_list(
   observed_user_id VARCHAR(255), -- a UserID,
   accepted BOOLEAN,
   UNIQUE(user_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/profiles.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/profiles.sql
index 9b22c9b1b..32defe2f7 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/profiles.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/profiles.sql
@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS profiles(
     displayname VARCHAR(255),
     avatar_url VARCHAR(255),
     UNIQUE(user_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/redactions.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/redactions.sql
index 774584d7c..ba93e860f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/redactions.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/redactions.sql
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS redactions (
     event_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     redacts VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS redactions_event_id ON redactions (event_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS redactions_redacts ON redactions (redacts);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/room_aliases.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/room_aliases.sql
index dd51c31c1..1e706aac2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/room_aliases.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/room_aliases.sql
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_aliases(
     room_alias VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     room_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (room_alias)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_alias_servers(
     room_alias VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     server VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/state.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/state.sql
index 408a2d391..be9dc2920 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/state.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/state.sql
@@ -14,24 +14,24 @@
  */
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS state_groups(
-    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+    id VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY,
     room_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     event_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS state_groups_state(
-    state_group INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    state_group VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
     room_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     type VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     state_key VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     event_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_to_state_groups(
     event_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
-    state_group INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    state_group VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS state_groups_id ON state_groups(id);
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/transactions.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/transactions.sql
index 0158308a3..cde6919e4 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/transactions.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/transactions.sql
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS received_transactions(
     transaction_id VARCHAR(255),
     origin VARCHAR(255),
-    ts INTEGER,
+    ts BIGINT,
     response_code INTEGER,
     response_json BLOB,
     has_been_referenced BOOL default 0, -- Whether thishas been referenced by a prev_tx
     UNIQUE (transaction_id, origin)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS transactions_have_ref ON received_transactions(origin, has_been_referenced);-- WHERE has_been_referenced = 0;
 
@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS transactions_have_ref ON received_transactions(origin
 -- Stores what transactions we've sent, what their response was (if we got one) and whether we have
 -- since referenced the transaction in another outgoing transaction
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sent_transactions(
-    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, -- This is used to apply insertion ordering
+    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, -- This is used to apply insertion ordering
     transaction_id VARCHAR(255),
     destination VARCHAR(255),
     response_code INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
     response_json BLOB,
     ts INTEGER
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS sent_transaction_dest ON sent_transactions(destination);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS sent_transaction_dest_referenced ON sent_transactions(destination);
@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS transaction_id_to_pdu(
     pdu_id VARCHAR(255),
     pdu_origin VARCHAR(255),
     UNIQUE (transaction_id, destination)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS transaction_id_to_pdu_dest ON transaction_id_to_pdu(destination);
 
 -- To track destination health
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS destinations(
     destination VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY,
-    retry_last_ts INTEGER,
+    retry_last_ts BIGINT,
     retry_interval INTEGER
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/users.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/users.sql
index 49a122eed..55bffb22f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/users.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/11/users.sql
@@ -13,23 +13,21 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users(
-    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
     name VARCHAR(255),
     password_hash VARBINARY(255),
-    creation_ts INTEGER,
+    creation_ts BIGINT,
     admin BOOL DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE(name)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS access_tokens(
-    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-    user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
+    user_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     device_id VARCHAR(255),
     token VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
-    last_used INTEGER,
-    FOREIGN KEY(user_id) REFERENCES users(id),
+    last_used BIGINT,
     UNIQUE(token)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_ips (
     user VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
@@ -37,8 +35,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_ips (
     device_id VARCHAR(255),
     ip VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
     user_agent VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
-    last_seen INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    last_seen BIGINT NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE (user, access_token, ip, user_agent)
-);
+) ENGINE = INNODB;
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS user_ips_user ON user_ips(user);