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Expand architecture section to introduce room IDs, room aliases, user IDs, events and federation.
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Kegan Dougal
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@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ TODO(Introduction) : Matthew
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Architecture
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============
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- Sending a message from A to B
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Clients transmit data to other clients through home servers (HSes). Clients do not communicate with each
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other directly.
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::
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@ -26,39 +28,42 @@ Architecture
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| |<--------( HTTP )-----------| |
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+------------------+ Federation +------------------+
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- Client is an end-user (web app, mobile app) which uses C-S APIs to talk to the home server.
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A given client is typically responsible for a single user.
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- A single user is represented by a User ID, scoped to the home server which allocated the account.
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User IDs MUST have @ prefix; looks like @foo:domain - domain indicates the user's home
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server.
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- Home server provides C-S APIs and has the ability to federate with other HSes.
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Typically responsible for N clients.
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- Federation's purpose is to share content between interested HSes; no SPOF.
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- Events are actions within the system. Typically each action (e.g. sending a message)
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correlates with exactly one event. Each event has a ``type`` string.
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- ``type`` values SHOULD be namespaced according to standard Java package naming conventions,
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with a ``.`` delimiter e.g. ``com.example.myapp.event``
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- Events are typically send in the context of a room.
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A "Client" is an end-user, typically a human using a web application or mobile app. Clients use the
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"Client-to-Server" (C-S) API to communicate with their home server. A single Client is usually
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responsible for a single user account. A user account is represented by their "User ID". This ID is
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namespaced to the home server which allocated the account and looks like::
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@localpart:domain
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The ``localpart`` of a user ID may be a user name, or an opaque ID identifying this user.
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A "Home Server" is a server which provides C-S APIs and has the ability to federate with other HSes.
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It is typically responsible for multiple clients. "Federation" is the term used to describe the
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sharing of data between two or more home servers.
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Data in Matrix is encapsulated in an "Event". An event is an action within the system. Typically each
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action (e.g. sending a message) correlates with exactly one event. Each event has a ``type`` which is
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used to differentiate different kinds of data. ``type`` values SHOULD be namespaced according to standard
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Java package naming conventions, e.g. ``com.example.myapp.event``. Events are usually sent in the context
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of a "Room".
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Room structure
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--------------
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A room is a conceptual place where users can send and receive messages. Rooms
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can be created, joined and left. Messages are sent to a room, and all
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participants in that room will receive the message. Rooms are uniquely
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identified via a room ID. There is exactly one room ID for each room. Each
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room can also have an alias. Each room can have many aliases.
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A room is a conceptual place where users can send and receive events. Rooms
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can be created, joined and left. Events are sent to a room, and all
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participants in that room will receive the event. Rooms are uniquely
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identified via a "Room ID", which look like::
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- Room IDs MUST have ! prefix; looks like !foo:domain - domain is simply for namespacing,
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the room does NOT reside on any one domain. NOT human readable.
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!opaque_id:domain
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- Room Aliases MUST have # prefix; looks like #foo:domain - domain indicates where this
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alias can be mapped to a room ID. Key point: human readable / friendly.
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There is exactly one room ID for each room. Whilst the room ID does contain a
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domain, it is simply for namespacing room IDs. The room does NOT reside on the
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domain specified. Room IDs are not meant to be human readable.
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- Aliases can be queried on the domain they specify, which will return a room ID if a
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mapping exists. These mappings can change.
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::
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The following diagram shows an ``m.room.message`` event being sent in the room
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``!qporfwt:matrix.org``::
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{ @alice:matrix.org } { @bob:domain.com }
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| ^
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@ -73,18 +78,48 @@ room can also have an alias. Each room can have many aliases.
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| matrix.org |<-------Federation------->| domain.com |
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+------------------+ +------------------+
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| ................................. |
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|______| Shared State |_______|
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| Room ID: !qporfwt:matrix.org |
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|______| Partially Shared State |_______|
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| Room ID: !qporfwt:matrix.org |
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| Servers: matrix.org, domain.com |
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| Members: |
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| - @alice:matrix.org |
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| - @bob:domain.com |
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|.................................|
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- Federation's goal is to maintain the shared state. Don't need FULL state in order
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to be a part of a room.
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- Introduce the DAG.
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- Events are wrapped in PDUs.
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Federation maintains shared state between multiple home servers, such that when an event is
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sent to a room, the home server knows where to forward the event on to, and how to process
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the event. Home servers do not need to have completely shared state in order to participate
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in a room. State is scoped to a single room, and federation ensures that all home servers
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have the information they need, even if that means the home server has to request more
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information from another home server before processing the event.
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Room Aliases
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------------
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Each room can also have multiple "Room Aliases", which looks like::
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#room_alias:domain
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A room alias "points" to a room ID. The room ID the alias is pointing to can be obtained
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by visiting the domain specified. Room aliases are designed to be human readable strings
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which can be used to publicise rooms. Note that the mapping from a room alias to a
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room ID is not fixed, and may change over time to point to a different room ID. For this
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reason, Clients SHOULD resolve the room alias to a room ID once and then use that ID on
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subsequent requests.
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::
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GET
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#matrix:domain.com !aaabaa:matrix.org
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| ^
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_______V____________________|____
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| domain.com |
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| Mappings: |
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| #matrix >> !aaabaa:matrix.org |
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| #golf >> !wfeiofh:sport.com |
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| #bike >> !4rguxf:matrix.org |
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|________________________________|
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Identity
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