If we have integrations with multiple identity providers, when the user does a UI Auth, we need to redirect them to the right one.
There are a few steps to this. First of all we actually need to store the userid of the user we are trying to validate in the UIA session, since the /auth/sso/fallback/web request is unauthenticated.
Then, once we get the /auth/sso/fallback/web request, we can fish the user id out of the session, and use it to look up the external id mappings, and hence pick an SSO provider for them.
The `http_proxy` and `HTTPS_PROXY` env vars can be set to a `host[:port]` value which should point to a proxy.
The address of the proxy should be excluded from IP blacklists such as the `url_preview_ip_range_blacklist`.
The proxy will then be used for
* push
* url previews
* phone-home stats
* recaptcha validation
* CAS auth validation
It will *not* be used for:
* Application Services
* Identity servers
* Outbound federation
* In worker configurations, connections from workers to masters
Fixes#4198.
Pull the checkers out to their own classes, rather than having them lost in a
massive 1000-line class which does everything.
This is also preparation for some more intelligent advertising of flows, as per #6100
