Split the state_group_cache in two (#3726)

Splits the state_group_cache in two.

One half contains normal state events; the other contains member events.

The idea is that the lazyloading common case of: "I want a subset of member events plus all of the other state" can be accomplished efficiently by splitting the cache into two, and asking for "all events" from the non-members cache, and "just these keys" from the members cache.  This means we can avoid having to make DictionaryCache aware of these sort of complicated queries, whilst letting LL requests benefit from the caching.

Previously we were unable to sensibly use the caching and had to pull all state from the DB irrespective of the filtering, which made things slow.  Hopefully fixes https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/3720.

changelog.d/3726.misc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Split the state_group_cache into member and non-member state events (and so speed up LL /sync)

synapse/storage/state.py

@@ -60,8 +60,43 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(StateGroupWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
+        # Originally the state store used a single DictionaryCache to cache the
+        # event IDs for the state types in a given state group to avoid hammering
+        # on the state_group* tables.
+        #
+        # The point of using a DictionaryCache is that it can cache a subset
+        # of the state events for a given state group (i.e. a subset of the keys for a
+        # given dict which is an entry in the cache for a given state group ID).
+        #
+        # However, this poses problems when performing complicated queries
+        # on the store - for instance: "give me all the state for this group, but
+        # limit members to this subset of users", as DictionaryCache's API isn't
+        # rich enough to say "please cache any of these fields, apart from this subset".
+        # This is problematic when lazy loading members, which requires this behaviour,
+        # as without it the cache has no choice but to speculatively load all
+        # state events for the group, which negates the efficiency being sought.
+        #
+        # Rather than overcomplicating DictionaryCache's API, we instead split the
+        # state_group_cache into two halves - one for tracking non-member events,
+        # and the other for tracking member_events.  This means that lazy loading
+        # queries can be made in a cache-friendly manner by querying both caches
+        # separately and then merging the result.  So for the example above, you
+        # would query the members cache for a specific subset of state keys
+        # (which DictionaryCache will handle efficiently and fine) and the non-members
+        # cache for all state (which DictionaryCache will similarly handle fine)
+        # and then just merge the results together.
+        #
+        # We size the non-members cache to be smaller than the members cache as the
+        # vast majority of state in Matrix (today) is member events.
+
         self._state_group_cache = DictionaryCache(
-            "*stateGroupCache*", 500000 * get_cache_factor_for("stateGroupCache")
+            "*stateGroupCache*",
+            # TODO: this hasn't been tuned yet
+            50000 * get_cache_factor_for("stateGroupCache")
+        )
+        self._state_group_members_cache = DictionaryCache(
+            "*stateGroupMembersCache*",
+            500000 * get_cache_factor_for("stateGroupMembersCache")
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -275,7 +310,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         })
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_state_groups_from_groups(self, groups, types):
+    def _get_state_groups_from_groups(self, groups, types, members=None):
         """Returns the state groups for a given set of groups, filtering on
         types of state events.
 
@@ -284,6 +319,9 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             types (Iterable[str, str|None]|None): list of 2-tuples of the form
                 (`type`, `state_key`), where a `state_key` of `None` matches all
                 state_keys for the `type`. If None, all types are returned.
+            members (bool|None): If not None, then, in addition to any filtering
+                implied by types, the results are also filtered to only include
+                member events (if True), or to exclude member events (if False)
 
         Returns:
             dictionary state_group -> (dict of (type, state_key) -> event id)
@@ -294,14 +332,14 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         for chunk in chunks:
             res = yield self.runInteraction(
                 "_get_state_groups_from_groups",
-                self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn, chunk, types,
+                self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn, chunk, types, members,
             )
             results.update(res)
 
         defer.returnValue(results)
 
     def _get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(
-        self, txn, groups, types=None,
+        self, txn, groups, types=None, members=None,
     ):
         results = {group: {} for group in groups}
 
@@ -339,6 +377,11 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 %s
             """)
 
+            if members is True:
+                sql += " AND type = '%s'" % (EventTypes.Member,)
+            elif members is False:
+                sql += " AND type <> '%s'" % (EventTypes.Member,)
+
             # Turns out that postgres doesn't like doing a list of OR's and
             # is about 1000x slower, so we just issue a query for each specific
             # type seperately.
@@ -386,6 +429,11 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             else:
                 where_clause = ""
 
+            if members is True:
+                where_clause += " AND type = '%s'" % EventTypes.Member
+            elif members is False:
+                where_clause += " AND type <> '%s'" % EventTypes.Member
+
             # We don't use WITH RECURSIVE on sqlite3 as there are distributions
             # that ship with an sqlite3 version that doesn't support it (e.g. wheezy)
             for group in groups:
@@ -580,10 +628,11 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         defer.returnValue({row["event_id"]: row["state_group"] for row in rows})
 
-    def _get_some_state_from_cache(self, group, types, filtered_types=None):
+    def _get_some_state_from_cache(self, cache, group, types, filtered_types=None):
         """Checks if group is in cache. See `_get_state_for_groups`
 
         Args:
+            cache(DictionaryCache): the state group cache to use
             group(int): The state group to lookup
             types(list[str, str|None]): List of 2-tuples of the form
                 (`type`, `state_key`), where a `state_key` of `None` matches all
@@ -597,11 +646,11 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         requests state from the cache, if False we need to query the DB for the
         missing state.
         """
-        is_all, known_absent, state_dict_ids = self._state_group_cache.get(group)
+        is_all, known_absent, state_dict_ids = cache.get(group)
 
         type_to_key = {}
 
-        # tracks whether any of ourrequested types are missing from the cache
+        # tracks whether any of our requested types are missing from the cache
         missing_types = False
 
         for typ, state_key in types:
@@ -648,7 +697,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             if include(k[0], k[1])
         }, got_all
 
-    def _get_all_state_from_cache(self, group):
+    def _get_all_state_from_cache(self, cache, group):
         """Checks if group is in cache. See `_get_state_for_groups`
 
         Returns 2-tuple (`state_dict`, `got_all`). `got_all` is a bool
@@ -656,9 +705,10 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         cache, if False we need to query the DB for the missing state.
 
         Args:
+            cache(DictionaryCache): the state group cache to use
             group: The state group to lookup
         """
-        is_all, _, state_dict_ids = self._state_group_cache.get(group)
+        is_all, _, state_dict_ids = cache.get(group)
 
         return state_dict_ids, is_all
 
@@ -681,6 +731,62 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 list of event types.  Other types of events are returned unfiltered.
                 If None, `types` filtering is applied to all events.
 
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[int, dict[(type, state_key), EventBase]]]
+                a dictionary mapping from state group to state dictionary.
+        """
+        if types is not None:
+            non_member_types = [t for t in types if t[0] != EventTypes.Member]
+
+            if filtered_types is not None and EventTypes.Member not in filtered_types:
+                # we want all of the membership events
+                member_types = None
+            else:
+                member_types = [t for t in types if t[0] == EventTypes.Member]
+
+        else:
+            non_member_types = None
+            member_types = None
+
+        non_member_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups_using_cache(
+            groups, self._state_group_cache, non_member_types, filtered_types,
+        )
+        # XXX: we could skip this entirely if member_types is []
+        member_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups_using_cache(
+            # we set filtered_types=None as member_state only ever contain members.
+            groups, self._state_group_members_cache, member_types, None,
+        )
+
+        state = non_member_state
+        for group in groups:
+            state[group].update(member_state[group])
+
+        defer.returnValue(state)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_state_for_groups_using_cache(
+        self, groups, cache, types=None, filtered_types=None
+    ):
+        """Gets the state at each of a list of state groups, optionally
+        filtering by type/state_key, querying from a specific cache.
+
+        Args:
+            groups (iterable[int]): list of state groups for which we want
+                to get the state.
+            cache (DictionaryCache): the cache of group ids to state dicts which
+                we will pass through - either the normal state cache or the specific
+                members state cache.
+            types (None|iterable[(str, None|str)]):
+                indicates the state type/keys required. If None, the whole
+                state is fetched and returned.
+
+                Otherwise, each entry should be a `(type, state_key)` tuple to
+                include in the response. A `state_key` of None is a wildcard
+                meaning that we require all state with that type.
+            filtered_types(list[str]|None): Only apply filtering via `types` to this
+                list of event types.  Other types of events are returned unfiltered.
+                If None, `types` filtering is applied to all events.
+
         Returns:
             Deferred[dict[int, dict[(type, state_key), EventBase]]]
                 a dictionary mapping from state group to state dictionary.
@@ -692,7 +798,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         if types is not None:
             for group in set(groups):
                 state_dict_ids, got_all = self._get_some_state_from_cache(
-                    group, types, filtered_types
+                    cache, group, types, filtered_types
                 )
                 results[group] = state_dict_ids
 
@@ -701,7 +807,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         else:
             for group in set(groups):
                 state_dict_ids, got_all = self._get_all_state_from_cache(
-                    group
+                    cache, group
                 )
 
                 results[group] = state_dict_ids
@@ -710,8 +816,8 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                     missing_groups.append(group)
 
         if missing_groups:
-            # Okay, so we have some missing_types, lets fetch them.
-            cache_seq_num = self._state_group_cache.sequence
+            # Okay, so we have some missing_types, let's fetch them.
+            cache_seq_num = cache.sequence
 
             # the DictionaryCache knows if it has *all* the state, but
             # does not know if it has all of the keys of a particular type,
@@ -725,7 +831,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 types_to_fetch = types
 
             group_to_state_dict = yield self._get_state_groups_from_groups(
-                missing_groups, types_to_fetch
+                missing_groups, types_to_fetch, cache == self._state_group_members_cache,
             )
 
             for group, group_state_dict in iteritems(group_to_state_dict):
@@ -745,7 +851,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
                 # update the cache with all the things we fetched from the
                 # database.
-                self._state_group_cache.update(
+                cache.update(
                     cache_seq_num,
                     key=group,
                     value=group_state_dict,
@@ -847,15 +953,33 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                     ],
                 )
 
-            # Prefill the state group cache with this group.
+            # Prefill the state group caches with this group.
             # It's fine to use the sequence like this as the state group map
             # is immutable. (If the map wasn't immutable then this prefill could
             # race with another update)
+
+            current_member_state_ids = {
+                s: ev
+                for (s, ev) in iteritems(current_state_ids)
+                if s[0] == EventTypes.Member
+            }
+            txn.call_after(
+                self._state_group_members_cache.update,
+                self._state_group_members_cache.sequence,
+                key=state_group,
+                value=dict(current_member_state_ids),
+            )
+
+            current_non_member_state_ids = {
+                s: ev
+                for (s, ev) in iteritems(current_state_ids)
+                if s[0] != EventTypes.Member
+            }
             txn.call_after(
                 self._state_group_cache.update,
                 self._state_group_cache.sequence,
                 key=state_group,
-                value=dict(current_state_ids),
+                value=dict(current_non_member_state_ids),
             )
 
             return state_group

tests/storage/test_state.py

@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters out members with types=[]
         (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_cache,
             group, [], filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member]
         )
 
@@ -197,8 +198,20 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             state_dict,
         )
 
+        (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_members_cache,
+            group, [], filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member]
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(is_all, True)
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            {},
+            state_dict,
+        )
+
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters in members with wildcard types
         (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_cache,
             group, [(EventTypes.Member, None)], filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member]
         )
 
@@ -207,6 +220,18 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             {
                 (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
                 (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2.event_id,
+            },
+            state_dict,
+        )
+
+        (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_members_cache,
+            group, [(EventTypes.Member, None)], filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member]
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(is_all, True)
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            {
                 (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3.event_id,
                 # e4 is overwritten by e5
                 (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
@@ -216,6 +241,7 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters in members with specific types
         (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_cache,
             group,
             [(EventTypes.Member, e5.state_key)],
             filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member],
@@ -226,6 +252,20 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             {
                 (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
                 (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2.event_id,
+            },
+            state_dict,
+        )
+
+        (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_members_cache,
+            group,
+            [(EventTypes.Member, e5.state_key)],
+            filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member],
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(is_all, True)
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            {
                 (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
             },
             state_dict,
@@ -234,6 +274,7 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters in members with specific types
         # and no filtered_types
         (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_members_cache,
             group, [(EventTypes.Member, e5.state_key)], filtered_types=None
         )
 
@@ -254,9 +295,6 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             {
                 (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
                 (e2.type, e2.state_key): e2.event_id,
-                (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3.event_id,
-                # e4 is overwritten by e5
-                (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
             },
         )
 
@@ -269,8 +307,6 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             # list fetched keys so it knows it's partial
             fetched_keys=(
                 (e1.type, e1.state_key),
-                (e3.type, e3.state_key),
-                (e5.type, e5.state_key),
             ),
         )
 
@@ -284,8 +320,6 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             set(
                 [
                     (e1.type, e1.state_key),
-                    (e3.type, e3.state_key),
-                    (e5.type, e5.state_key),
                 ]
             ),
         )
@@ -293,8 +327,6 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             state_dict_ids,
             {
                 (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
-                (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3.event_id,
-                (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
             },
         )
 
@@ -304,14 +336,25 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters out members with types=[]
         room_id = self.room.to_string()
         (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_cache,
             group, [], filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member]
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(is_all, False)
         self.assertDictEqual({(e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id}, state_dict)
 
+        room_id = self.room.to_string()
+        (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_members_cache,
+            group, [], filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member]
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(is_all, True)
+        self.assertDictEqual({}, state_dict)
+
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters in members wildcard types
         (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_cache,
             group, [(EventTypes.Member, None)], filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member]
         )
 
@@ -319,8 +362,19 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertDictEqual(
             {
                 (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
+            },
+            state_dict,
+        )
+
+        (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_members_cache,
+            group, [(EventTypes.Member, None)], filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member]
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(is_all, True)
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            {
                 (e3.type, e3.state_key): e3.event_id,
-                # e4 is overwritten by e5
                 (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
             },
             state_dict,
@@ -328,6 +382,7 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters in members with specific types
         (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_cache,
             group,
             [(EventTypes.Member, e5.state_key)],
             filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member],
@@ -337,6 +392,20 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertDictEqual(
             {
                 (e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id,
+            },
+            state_dict,
+        )
+
+        (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_members_cache,
+            group,
+            [(EventTypes.Member, e5.state_key)],
+            filtered_types=[EventTypes.Member],
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(is_all, True)
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            {
                 (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
             },
             state_dict,
@@ -345,8 +414,22 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         # test _get_some_state_from_cache correctly filters in members with specific types
         # and no filtered_types
         (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_cache,
+            group, [(EventTypes.Member, e5.state_key)], filtered_types=None
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(is_all, False)
+        self.assertDictEqual({}, state_dict)
+
+        (state_dict, is_all) = yield self.store._get_some_state_from_cache(
+            self.store._state_group_members_cache,
             group, [(EventTypes.Member, e5.state_key)], filtered_types=None
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(is_all, True)
-        self.assertDictEqual({(e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id}, state_dict)
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            {
+                (e5.type, e5.state_key): e5.event_id,
+            },
+            state_dict,
+        )