diff --git a/jenkins-unittests.sh b/jenkins-unittests.sh
index 6b0c296cf..4c2f103e8 100755
--- a/jenkins-unittests.sh
+++ b/jenkins-unittests.sh
@@ -25,5 +25,6 @@ rm .coverage* || echo "No coverage files to remove"
 tox --notest -e py27
 TOX_BIN=$WORKSPACE/.tox/py27/bin
 python synapse/python_dependencies.py | xargs -n1 $TOX_BIN/pip install
+$TOX_BIN/pip install lxml
 
 tox -e py27
diff --git a/jenkins/prepare_synapse.sh b/jenkins/prepare_synapse.sh
index 237223c81..6c26c5842 100755
--- a/jenkins/prepare_synapse.sh
+++ b/jenkins/prepare_synapse.sh
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ fi
 tox -e py27 --notest -v
 
 TOX_BIN=$TOX_DIR/py27/bin
+$TOX_BIN/pip install setuptools
 python synapse/python_dependencies.py | xargs -n1 $TOX_BIN/pip install
 $TOX_BIN/pip install lxml
 $TOX_BIN/pip install psycopg2
diff --git a/synapse/app/appservice.py b/synapse/app/appservice.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57587aed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/app/appservice.py
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import synapse
+
+from synapse.server import HomeServer
+from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
+from synapse.config.logger import setup_logging
+from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
+from synapse.http.site import SynapseSite
+from synapse.metrics.resource import MetricsResource, METRICS_PREFIX
+from synapse.replication.slave.storage.directory import DirectoryStore
+from synapse.replication.slave.storage.events import SlavedEventStore
+from synapse.replication.slave.storage.appservice import SlavedApplicationServiceStore
+from synapse.replication.slave.storage.registration import SlavedRegistrationStore
+from synapse.storage.engines import create_engine
+from synapse.util.async import sleep
+from synapse.util.httpresourcetree import create_resource_tree
+from synapse.util.logcontext import LoggingContext
+from synapse.util.manhole import manhole
+from synapse.util.rlimit import change_resource_limit
+from synapse.util.versionstring import get_version_string
+
+from twisted.internet import reactor, defer
+from twisted.web.resource import Resource
+
+from daemonize import Daemonize
+
+import sys
+import logging
+import gc
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.app.appservice")
+
+
+class AppserviceSlaveStore(
+    DirectoryStore, SlavedEventStore, SlavedApplicationServiceStore,
+    SlavedRegistrationStore,
+):
+    pass
+
+
+class AppserviceServer(HomeServer):
+    def get_db_conn(self, run_new_connection=True):
+        # Any param beginning with cp_ is a parameter for adbapi, and should
+        # not be passed to the database engine.
+        db_params = {
+            k: v for k, v in self.db_config.get("args", {}).items()
+            if not k.startswith("cp_")
+        }
+        db_conn = self.database_engine.module.connect(**db_params)
+
+        if run_new_connection:
+            self.database_engine.on_new_connection(db_conn)
+        return db_conn
+
+    def setup(self):
+        logger.info("Setting up.")
+        self.datastore = AppserviceSlaveStore(self.get_db_conn(), self)
+        logger.info("Finished setting up.")
+
+    def _listen_http(self, listener_config):
+        port = listener_config["port"]
+        bind_address = listener_config.get("bind_address", "")
+        site_tag = listener_config.get("tag", port)
+        resources = {}
+        for res in listener_config["resources"]:
+            for name in res["names"]:
+                if name == "metrics":
+                    resources[METRICS_PREFIX] = MetricsResource(self)
+
+        root_resource = create_resource_tree(resources, Resource())
+        reactor.listenTCP(
+            port,
+            SynapseSite(
+                "synapse.access.http.%s" % (site_tag,),
+                site_tag,
+                listener_config,
+                root_resource,
+            ),
+            interface=bind_address
+        )
+        logger.info("Synapse appservice now listening on port %d", port)
+
+    def start_listening(self, listeners):
+        for listener in listeners:
+            if listener["type"] == "http":
+                self._listen_http(listener)
+            elif listener["type"] == "manhole":
+                reactor.listenTCP(
+                    listener["port"],
+                    manhole(
+                        username="matrix",
+                        password="rabbithole",
+                        globals={"hs": self},
+                    ),
+                    interface=listener.get("bind_address", '127.0.0.1')
+                )
+            else:
+                logger.warn("Unrecognized listener type: %s", listener["type"])
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def replicate(self):
+        http_client = self.get_simple_http_client()
+        store = self.get_datastore()
+        replication_url = self.config.worker_replication_url
+        appservice_handler = self.get_application_service_handler()
+
+        @defer.inlineCallbacks
+        def replicate(results):
+            stream = results.get("events")
+            if stream:
+                max_stream_id = stream["position"]
+                yield appservice_handler.notify_interested_services(max_stream_id)
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                args = store.stream_positions()
+                args["timeout"] = 30000
+                result = yield http_client.get_json(replication_url, args=args)
+                yield store.process_replication(result)
+                replicate(result)
+            except:
+                logger.exception("Error replicating from %r", replication_url)
+                yield sleep(30)
+
+
+def start(config_options):
+    try:
+        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config(
+            "Synapse appservice", config_options
+        )
+    except ConfigError as e:
+        sys.stderr.write("\n" + e.message + "\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    assert config.worker_app == "synapse.app.appservice"
+
+    setup_logging(config.worker_log_config, config.worker_log_file)
+
+    database_engine = create_engine(config.database_config)
+
+    if config.notify_appservices:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            "\nThe appservices must be disabled in the main synapse process"
+            "\nbefore they can be run in a separate worker."
+            "\nPlease add ``notify_appservices: false`` to the main config"
+            "\n"
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Force the pushers to start since they will be disabled in the main config
+    config.notify_appservices = True
+
+    ps = AppserviceServer(
+        config.server_name,
+        db_config=config.database_config,
+        config=config,
+        version_string="Synapse/" + get_version_string(synapse),
+        database_engine=database_engine,
+    )
+
+    ps.setup()
+    ps.start_listening(config.worker_listeners)
+
+    def run():
+        with LoggingContext("run"):
+            logger.info("Running")
+            change_resource_limit(config.soft_file_limit)
+            if config.gc_thresholds:
+                gc.set_threshold(*config.gc_thresholds)
+            reactor.run()
+
+    def start():
+        ps.replicate()
+        ps.get_datastore().start_profiling()
+
+    reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
+
+    if config.worker_daemonize:
+        daemon = Daemonize(
+            app="synapse-appservice",
+            pid=config.worker_pid_file,
+            action=run,
+            auto_close_fds=False,
+            verbose=True,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+        daemon.start()
+    else:
+        run()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    with LoggingContext("main"):
+        start(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/synapse/app/media_repository.py b/synapse/app/media_repository.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d4c4a075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/app/media_repository.py
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import synapse
+
+from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
+from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
+from synapse.config.logger import setup_logging
+from synapse.http.site import SynapseSite
+from synapse.metrics.resource import MetricsResource, METRICS_PREFIX
+from synapse.replication.slave.storage._base import BaseSlavedStore
+from synapse.replication.slave.storage.appservice import SlavedApplicationServiceStore
+from synapse.replication.slave.storage.registration import SlavedRegistrationStore
+from synapse.rest.media.v0.content_repository import ContentRepoResource
+from synapse.rest.media.v1.media_repository import MediaRepositoryResource
+from synapse.server import HomeServer
+from synapse.storage.client_ips import ClientIpStore
+from synapse.storage.engines import create_engine
+from synapse.storage.media_repository import MediaRepositoryStore
+from synapse.util.async import sleep
+from synapse.util.httpresourcetree import create_resource_tree
+from synapse.util.logcontext import LoggingContext
+from synapse.util.manhole import manhole
+from synapse.util.rlimit import change_resource_limit
+from synapse.util.versionstring import get_version_string
+from synapse.api.urls import (
+    CONTENT_REPO_PREFIX, LEGACY_MEDIA_PREFIX, MEDIA_PREFIX
+)
+from synapse.crypto import context_factory
+
+
+from twisted.internet import reactor, defer
+from twisted.web.resource import Resource
+
+from daemonize import Daemonize
+
+import sys
+import logging
+import gc
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.app.media_repository")
+
+
+class MediaRepositorySlavedStore(
+    SlavedApplicationServiceStore,
+    SlavedRegistrationStore,
+    BaseSlavedStore,
+    MediaRepositoryStore,
+    ClientIpStore,
+):
+    pass
+
+
+class MediaRepositoryServer(HomeServer):
+    def get_db_conn(self, run_new_connection=True):
+        # Any param beginning with cp_ is a parameter for adbapi, and should
+        # not be passed to the database engine.
+        db_params = {
+            k: v for k, v in self.db_config.get("args", {}).items()
+            if not k.startswith("cp_")
+        }
+        db_conn = self.database_engine.module.connect(**db_params)
+
+        if run_new_connection:
+            self.database_engine.on_new_connection(db_conn)
+        return db_conn
+
+    def setup(self):
+        logger.info("Setting up.")
+        self.datastore = MediaRepositorySlavedStore(self.get_db_conn(), self)
+        logger.info("Finished setting up.")
+
+    def _listen_http(self, listener_config):
+        port = listener_config["port"]
+        bind_address = listener_config.get("bind_address", "")
+        site_tag = listener_config.get("tag", port)
+        resources = {}
+        for res in listener_config["resources"]:
+            for name in res["names"]:
+                if name == "metrics":
+                    resources[METRICS_PREFIX] = MetricsResource(self)
+                elif name == "media":
+                    media_repo = MediaRepositoryResource(self)
+                    resources.update({
+                        MEDIA_PREFIX: media_repo,
+                        LEGACY_MEDIA_PREFIX: media_repo,
+                        CONTENT_REPO_PREFIX: ContentRepoResource(
+                            self, self.config.uploads_path
+                        ),
+                    })
+
+        root_resource = create_resource_tree(resources, Resource())
+        reactor.listenTCP(
+            port,
+            SynapseSite(
+                "synapse.access.http.%s" % (site_tag,),
+                site_tag,
+                listener_config,
+                root_resource,
+            ),
+            interface=bind_address
+        )
+        logger.info("Synapse media repository now listening on port %d", port)
+
+    def start_listening(self, listeners):
+        for listener in listeners:
+            if listener["type"] == "http":
+                self._listen_http(listener)
+            elif listener["type"] == "manhole":
+                reactor.listenTCP(
+                    listener["port"],
+                    manhole(
+                        username="matrix",
+                        password="rabbithole",
+                        globals={"hs": self},
+                    ),
+                    interface=listener.get("bind_address", '127.0.0.1')
+                )
+            else:
+                logger.warn("Unrecognized listener type: %s", listener["type"])
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def replicate(self):
+        http_client = self.get_simple_http_client()
+        store = self.get_datastore()
+        replication_url = self.config.worker_replication_url
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                args = store.stream_positions()
+                args["timeout"] = 30000
+                result = yield http_client.get_json(replication_url, args=args)
+                yield store.process_replication(result)
+            except:
+                logger.exception("Error replicating from %r", replication_url)
+                yield sleep(5)
+
+
+def start(config_options):
+    try:
+        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config(
+            "Synapse media repository", config_options
+        )
+    except ConfigError as e:
+        sys.stderr.write("\n" + e.message + "\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    assert config.worker_app == "synapse.app.media_repository"
+
+    setup_logging(config.worker_log_config, config.worker_log_file)
+
+    database_engine = create_engine(config.database_config)
+
+    tls_server_context_factory = context_factory.ServerContextFactory(config)
+
+    ss = MediaRepositoryServer(
+        config.server_name,
+        db_config=config.database_config,
+        tls_server_context_factory=tls_server_context_factory,
+        config=config,
+        version_string="Synapse/" + get_version_string(synapse),
+        database_engine=database_engine,
+    )
+
+    ss.setup()
+    ss.get_handlers()
+    ss.start_listening(config.worker_listeners)
+
+    def run():
+        with LoggingContext("run"):
+            logger.info("Running")
+            change_resource_limit(config.soft_file_limit)
+            if config.gc_thresholds:
+                gc.set_threshold(*config.gc_thresholds)
+            reactor.run()
+
+    def start():
+        ss.get_datastore().start_profiling()
+        ss.replicate()
+
+    reactor.callWhenRunning(start)
+
+    if config.worker_daemonize:
+        daemon = Daemonize(
+            app="synapse-media-repository",
+            pid=config.worker_pid_file,
+            action=run,
+            auto_close_fds=False,
+            verbose=True,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+        daemon.start()
+    else:
+        run()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    with LoggingContext("main"):
+        start(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/synapse/app/pusher.py b/synapse/app/pusher.py
index c8dde0fcb..8d755a4b3 100644
--- a/synapse/app/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/app/pusher.py
@@ -80,11 +80,6 @@ class PusherSlaveStore(
         DataStore.get_profile_displayname.__func__
     )
 
-    # XXX: This is a bit broken because we don't persist forgotten rooms
-    # in a way that they can be streamed. This means that we don't have a
-    # way to invalidate the forgotten rooms cache correctly.
-    # For now we expire the cache every 10 minutes.
-    BROKEN_CACHE_EXPIRY_MS = 60 * 60 * 1000
     who_forgot_in_room = (
         RoomMemberStore.__dict__["who_forgot_in_room"]
     )
@@ -168,7 +163,6 @@ class PusherServer(HomeServer):
         store = self.get_datastore()
         replication_url = self.config.worker_replication_url
         pusher_pool = self.get_pusherpool()
-        clock = self.get_clock()
 
         def stop_pusher(user_id, app_id, pushkey):
             key = "%s:%s" % (app_id, pushkey)
@@ -220,21 +214,11 @@ class PusherServer(HomeServer):
                     min_stream_id, max_stream_id, affected_room_ids
                 )
 
-        def expire_broken_caches():
-            store.who_forgot_in_room.invalidate_all()
-
-        next_expire_broken_caches_ms = 0
         while True:
             try:
                 args = store.stream_positions()
                 args["timeout"] = 30000
                 result = yield http_client.get_json(replication_url, args=args)
-                now_ms = clock.time_msec()
-                if now_ms > next_expire_broken_caches_ms:
-                    expire_broken_caches()
-                    next_expire_broken_caches_ms = (
-                        now_ms + store.BROKEN_CACHE_EXPIRY_MS
-                    )
                 yield store.process_replication(result)
                 poke_pushers(result)
             except:
diff --git a/synapse/app/synchrotron.py b/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
index 215ccfd52..e3173533e 100644
--- a/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
+++ b/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from synapse.http.site import SynapseSite
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
 from synapse.metrics.resource import MetricsResource, METRICS_PREFIX
 from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import sync
+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import events
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage._base import BaseSlavedStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.events import SlavedEventStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage.receipts import SlavedReceiptsStore
@@ -74,11 +75,6 @@ class SynchrotronSlavedStore(
     BaseSlavedStore,
     ClientIpStore,  # After BaseSlavedStore because the constructor is different
 ):
-    # XXX: This is a bit broken because we don't persist forgotten rooms
-    # in a way that they can be streamed. This means that we don't have a
-    # way to invalidate the forgotten rooms cache correctly.
-    # For now we expire the cache every 10 minutes.
-    BROKEN_CACHE_EXPIRY_MS = 60 * 60 * 1000
     who_forgot_in_room = (
         RoomMemberStore.__dict__["who_forgot_in_room"]
     )
@@ -89,17 +85,23 @@ class SynchrotronSlavedStore(
     get_presence_list_accepted = PresenceStore.__dict__[
         "get_presence_list_accepted"
     ]
+    get_presence_list_observers_accepted = PresenceStore.__dict__[
+        "get_presence_list_observers_accepted"
+    ]
+
 
 UPDATE_SYNCING_USERS_MS = 10 * 1000
 
 
 class SynchrotronPresence(object):
     def __init__(self, hs):
+        self.is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
         self.http_client = hs.get_simple_http_client()
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.user_to_num_current_syncs = {}
         self.syncing_users_url = hs.config.worker_replication_url + "/syncing_users"
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
 
         active_presence = self.store.take_presence_startup_info()
         self.user_to_current_state = {
@@ -119,11 +121,13 @@ class SynchrotronPresence(object):
 
         reactor.addSystemEventTrigger("before", "shutdown", self._on_shutdown)
 
-    def set_state(self, user, state):
+    def set_state(self, user, state, ignore_status_msg=False):
         # TODO Hows this supposed to work?
         pass
 
     get_states = PresenceHandler.get_states.__func__
+    get_state = PresenceHandler.get_state.__func__
+    _get_interested_parties = PresenceHandler._get_interested_parties.__func__
     current_state_for_users = PresenceHandler.current_state_for_users.__func__
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -194,19 +198,39 @@ class SynchrotronPresence(object):
             self._need_to_send_sync = False
             yield self._send_syncing_users_now()
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def notify_from_replication(self, states, stream_id):
+        parties = yield self._get_interested_parties(
+            states, calculate_remote_hosts=False
+        )
+        room_ids_to_states, users_to_states, _ = parties
+
+        self.notifier.on_new_event(
+            "presence_key", stream_id, rooms=room_ids_to_states.keys(),
+            users=users_to_states.keys()
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def process_replication(self, result):
         stream = result.get("presence", {"rows": []})
+        states = []
         for row in stream["rows"]:
             (
                 position, user_id, state, last_active_ts,
                 last_federation_update_ts, last_user_sync_ts, status_msg,
                 currently_active
             ) = row
-            self.user_to_current_state[user_id] = UserPresenceState(
+            state = UserPresenceState(
                 user_id, state, last_active_ts,
                 last_federation_update_ts, last_user_sync_ts, status_msg,
                 currently_active
             )
+            self.user_to_current_state[user_id] = state
+            states.append(state)
+
+        if states and "position" in stream:
+            stream_id = int(stream["position"])
+            yield self.notify_from_replication(states, stream_id)
 
 
 class SynchrotronTyping(object):
@@ -266,10 +290,12 @@ class SynchrotronServer(HomeServer):
                 elif name == "client":
                     resource = JsonResource(self, canonical_json=False)
                     sync.register_servlets(self, resource)
+                    events.register_servlets(self, resource)
                     resources.update({
                         "/_matrix/client/r0": resource,
                         "/_matrix/client/unstable": resource,
                         "/_matrix/client/v2_alpha": resource,
+                        "/_matrix/client/api/v1": resource,
                     })
 
         root_resource = create_resource_tree(resources, Resource())
@@ -307,15 +333,10 @@ class SynchrotronServer(HomeServer):
         http_client = self.get_simple_http_client()
         store = self.get_datastore()
         replication_url = self.config.worker_replication_url
-        clock = self.get_clock()
         notifier = self.get_notifier()
         presence_handler = self.get_presence_handler()
         typing_handler = self.get_typing_handler()
 
-        def expire_broken_caches():
-            store.who_forgot_in_room.invalidate_all()
-            store.get_presence_list_accepted.invalidate_all()
-
         def notify_from_stream(
             result, stream_name, stream_key, room=None, user=None
         ):
@@ -377,22 +398,15 @@ class SynchrotronServer(HomeServer):
                 result, "typing", "typing_key", room="room_id"
             )
 
-        next_expire_broken_caches_ms = 0
         while True:
             try:
                 args = store.stream_positions()
                 args.update(typing_handler.stream_positions())
                 args["timeout"] = 30000
                 result = yield http_client.get_json(replication_url, args=args)
-                now_ms = clock.time_msec()
-                if now_ms > next_expire_broken_caches_ms:
-                    expire_broken_caches()
-                    next_expire_broken_caches_ms = (
-                        now_ms + store.BROKEN_CACHE_EXPIRY_MS
-                    )
                 yield store.process_replication(result)
                 typing_handler.process_replication(result)
-                presence_handler.process_replication(result)
+                yield presence_handler.process_replication(result)
                 notify(result)
             except:
                 logger.exception("Error replicating from %r", replication_url)
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/__init__.py b/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
index f7178ea0d..b1b91d0a5 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
 import logging
 import re
 
@@ -138,65 +140,66 @@ class ApplicationService(object):
             return regex_obj["exclusive"]
         return False
 
-    def _matches_user(self, event, member_list):
-        if (hasattr(event, "sender") and
-                self.is_interested_in_user(event.sender)):
-            return True
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _matches_user(self, event, store):
+        if not event:
+            defer.returnValue(False)
+
+        if self.is_interested_in_user(event.sender):
+            defer.returnValue(True)
         # also check m.room.member state key
-        if (hasattr(event, "type") and event.type == EventTypes.Member
-                and hasattr(event, "state_key")
-                and self.is_interested_in_user(event.state_key)):
-            return True
+        if (event.type == EventTypes.Member and
+                self.is_interested_in_user(event.state_key)):
+            defer.returnValue(True)
+
+        if not store:
+            defer.returnValue(False)
+
+        member_list = yield store.get_users_in_room(event.room_id)
+
         # check joined member events
         for user_id in member_list:
             if self.is_interested_in_user(user_id):
-                return True
-        return False
+                defer.returnValue(True)
+        defer.returnValue(False)
 
     def _matches_room_id(self, event):
         if hasattr(event, "room_id"):
             return self.is_interested_in_room(event.room_id)
         return False
 
-    def _matches_aliases(self, event, alias_list):
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _matches_aliases(self, event, store):
+        if not store or not event:
+            defer.returnValue(False)
+
+        alias_list = yield store.get_aliases_for_room(event.room_id)
         for alias in alias_list:
             if self.is_interested_in_alias(alias):
-                return True
-        return False
+                defer.returnValue(True)
+        defer.returnValue(False)
 
-    def is_interested(self, event, restrict_to=None, aliases_for_event=None,
-                      member_list=None):
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def is_interested(self, event, store=None):
         """Check if this service is interested in this event.
 
         Args:
             event(Event): The event to check.
-            restrict_to(str): The namespace to restrict regex tests to.
-            aliases_for_event(list): A list of all the known room aliases for
-            this event.
-            member_list(list): A list of all joined user_ids in this room.
+            store(DataStore)
         Returns:
             bool: True if this service would like to know about this event.
         """
-        if aliases_for_event is None:
-            aliases_for_event = []
-        if member_list is None:
-            member_list = []
+        # Do cheap checks first
+        if self._matches_room_id(event):
+            defer.returnValue(True)
 
-        if restrict_to and restrict_to not in ApplicationService.NS_LIST:
-            # this is a programming error, so fail early and raise a general
-            # exception
-            raise Exception("Unexpected restrict_to value: %s". restrict_to)
+        if (yield self._matches_aliases(event, store)):
+            defer.returnValue(True)
 
-        if not restrict_to:
-            return (self._matches_user(event, member_list)
-                    or self._matches_aliases(event, aliases_for_event)
-                    or self._matches_room_id(event))
-        elif restrict_to == ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES:
-            return self._matches_aliases(event, aliases_for_event)
-        elif restrict_to == ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS:
-            return self._matches_room_id(event)
-        elif restrict_to == ApplicationService.NS_USERS:
-            return self._matches_user(event, member_list)
+        if (yield self._matches_user(event, store)):
+            defer.returnValue(True)
+
+        defer.returnValue(False)
 
     def is_interested_in_user(self, user_id):
         return (
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py b/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
index 9afc8fd75..6450a1289 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
@@ -48,9 +48,12 @@ UP & quit           +---------- YES                       SUCCESS
 This is all tied together by the AppServiceScheduler which DIs the required
 components.
 """
+from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.appservice import ApplicationServiceState
-from twisted.internet import defer
+from synapse.util.logcontext import preserve_fn
+from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
+
 import logging
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -73,7 +76,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceScheduler(object):
         self.txn_ctrl = _TransactionController(
             self.clock, self.store, self.as_api, create_recoverer
         )
-        self.queuer = _ServiceQueuer(self.txn_ctrl)
+        self.queuer = _ServiceQueuer(self.txn_ctrl, self.clock)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def start(self):
@@ -94,38 +97,36 @@ class _ServiceQueuer(object):
     this schedules any other events in the queue to run.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, txn_ctrl):
+    def __init__(self, txn_ctrl, clock):
         self.queued_events = {}  # dict of {service_id: [events]}
-        self.pending_requests = {}  # dict of {service_id: Deferred}
+        self.requests_in_flight = set()
         self.txn_ctrl = txn_ctrl
+        self.clock = clock
 
     def enqueue(self, service, event):
         # if this service isn't being sent something
-        if not self.pending_requests.get(service.id):
-            self._send_request(service, [event])
-        else:
-            # add to queue for this service
-            if service.id not in self.queued_events:
-                self.queued_events[service.id] = []
-            self.queued_events[service.id].append(event)
+        self.queued_events.setdefault(service.id, []).append(event)
+        preserve_fn(self._send_request)(service)
 
-    def _send_request(self, service, events):
-        # send request and add callbacks
-        d = self.txn_ctrl.send(service, events)
-        d.addBoth(self._on_request_finish)
-        d.addErrback(self._on_request_fail)
-        self.pending_requests[service.id] = d
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _send_request(self, service):
+        if service.id in self.requests_in_flight:
+            return
 
-    def _on_request_finish(self, service):
-        self.pending_requests[service.id] = None
-        # if there are queued events, then send them.
-        if (service.id in self.queued_events
-                and len(self.queued_events[service.id]) > 0):
-            self._send_request(service, self.queued_events[service.id])
-            self.queued_events[service.id] = []
+        self.requests_in_flight.add(service.id)
+        try:
+            while True:
+                events = self.queued_events.pop(service.id, [])
+                if not events:
+                    return
 
-    def _on_request_fail(self, err):
-        logger.error("AS request failed: %s", err)
+                with Measure(self.clock, "servicequeuer.send"):
+                    try:
+                        yield self.txn_ctrl.send(service, events)
+                    except:
+                        logger.exception("AS request failed")
+        finally:
+            self.requests_in_flight.discard(service.id)
 
 
 class _TransactionController(object):
@@ -155,8 +156,6 @@ class _TransactionController(object):
         except Exception as e:
             logger.exception(e)
             self._start_recoverer(service)
-        # request has finished
-        defer.returnValue(service)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_recovered(self, recoverer):
diff --git a/synapse/config/appservice.py b/synapse/config/appservice.py
index eade80390..70d28892c 100644
--- a/synapse/config/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/config/appservice.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class AppServiceConfig(Config):
 
     def read_config(self, config):
         self.app_service_config_files = config.get("app_service_config_files", [])
+        self.notify_appservices = config.get("notify_appservices", True)
 
     def default_config(cls, **kwargs):
         return """\
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/__init__.py b/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
index 1a50a2ec9..63d05f253 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/__init__.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ from .room import (
 )
 from .room_member import RoomMemberHandler
 from .message import MessageHandler
-from .events import EventStreamHandler, EventHandler
 from .federation import FederationHandler
 from .profile import ProfileHandler
 from .directory import DirectoryHandler
@@ -53,8 +52,6 @@ class Handlers(object):
         self.message_handler = MessageHandler(hs)
         self.room_creation_handler = RoomCreationHandler(hs)
         self.room_member_handler = RoomMemberHandler(hs)
-        self.event_stream_handler = EventStreamHandler(hs)
-        self.event_handler = EventHandler(hs)
         self.federation_handler = FederationHandler(hs)
         self.profile_handler = ProfileHandler(hs)
         self.directory_handler = DirectoryHandler(hs)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/appservice.py b/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
index 051ccdb38..6556dd1ae 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
-from synapse.appservice import ApplicationService
+from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
+from synapse.util.logcontext import preserve_fn
 
 import logging
 
@@ -42,36 +43,73 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
         self.appservice_api = hs.get_application_service_api()
         self.scheduler = hs.get_application_service_scheduler()
         self.started_scheduler = False
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.notify_appservices = hs.config.notify_appservices
+
+        self.current_max = 0
+        self.is_processing = False
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def notify_interested_services(self, event):
+    def notify_interested_services(self, current_id):
         """Notifies (pushes) all application services interested in this event.
 
         Pushing is done asynchronously, so this method won't block for any
         prolonged length of time.
 
         Args:
-            event(Event): The event to push out to interested services.
+            current_id(int): The current maximum ID.
         """
-        # Gather interested services
-        services = yield self._get_services_for_event(event)
-        if len(services) == 0:
-            return  # no services need notifying
+        services = yield self.store.get_app_services()
+        if not services or not self.notify_appservices:
+            return
 
-        # Do we know this user exists? If not, poke the user query API for
-        # all services which match that user regex. This needs to block as these
-        # user queries need to be made BEFORE pushing the event.
-        yield self._check_user_exists(event.sender)
-        if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
-            yield self._check_user_exists(event.state_key)
+        self.current_max = max(self.current_max, current_id)
+        if self.is_processing:
+            return
 
-        if not self.started_scheduler:
-            self.scheduler.start().addErrback(log_failure)
-            self.started_scheduler = True
+        with Measure(self.clock, "notify_interested_services"):
+            self.is_processing = True
+            try:
+                upper_bound = self.current_max
+                limit = 100
+                while True:
+                    upper_bound, events = yield self.store.get_new_events_for_appservice(
+                        upper_bound, limit
+                    )
 
-        # Fork off pushes to these services
-        for service in services:
-            self.scheduler.submit_event_for_as(service, event)
+                    if not events:
+                        break
+
+                    for event in events:
+                        # Gather interested services
+                        services = yield self._get_services_for_event(event)
+                        if len(services) == 0:
+                            continue  # no services need notifying
+
+                        # Do we know this user exists? If not, poke the user
+                        # query API for all services which match that user regex.
+                        # This needs to block as these user queries need to be
+                        # made BEFORE pushing the event.
+                        yield self._check_user_exists(event.sender)
+                        if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
+                            yield self._check_user_exists(event.state_key)
+
+                        if not self.started_scheduler:
+                            self.scheduler.start().addErrback(log_failure)
+                            self.started_scheduler = True
+
+                        # Fork off pushes to these services
+                        for service in services:
+                            preserve_fn(self.scheduler.submit_event_for_as)(
+                                service, event
+                            )
+
+                    yield self.store.set_appservice_last_pos(upper_bound)
+
+                    if len(events) < limit:
+                        break
+            finally:
+                self.is_processing = False
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def query_user_exists(self, user_id):
@@ -104,11 +142,12 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
             association can be found.
         """
         room_alias_str = room_alias.to_string()
-        alias_query_services = yield self._get_services_for_event(
-            event=None,
-            restrict_to=ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES,
-            alias_list=[room_alias_str]
-        )
+        services = yield self.store.get_app_services()
+        alias_query_services = [
+            s for s in services if (
+                s.is_interested_in_alias(room_alias_str)
+            )
+        ]
         for alias_service in alias_query_services:
             is_known_alias = yield self.appservice_api.query_alias(
                 alias_service, room_alias_str
@@ -121,34 +160,19 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
                 defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_services_for_event(self, event, restrict_to="", alias_list=None):
+    def _get_services_for_event(self, event):
         """Retrieve a list of application services interested in this event.
 
         Args:
             event(Event): The event to check. Can be None if alias_list is not.
-            restrict_to(str): The namespace to restrict regex tests to.
-            alias_list: A list of aliases to get services for. If None, this
-            list is obtained from the database.
         Returns:
             list<ApplicationService>: A list of services interested in this
             event based on the service regex.
         """
-        member_list = None
-        if hasattr(event, "room_id"):
-            # We need to know the aliases associated with this event.room_id,
-            # if any.
-            if not alias_list:
-                alias_list = yield self.store.get_aliases_for_room(
-                    event.room_id
-                )
-            # We need to know the members associated with this event.room_id,
-            # if any.
-            member_list = yield self.store.get_users_in_room(event.room_id)
-
         services = yield self.store.get_app_services()
         interested_list = [
             s for s in services if (
-                s.is_interested(event, restrict_to, alias_list, member_list)
+                yield s.is_interested(event, self.store)
             )
         ]
         defer.returnValue(interested_list)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index 82998a81c..6986930c0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             self.ldap_uri = hs.config.ldap_uri
             self.ldap_start_tls = hs.config.ldap_start_tls
             self.ldap_base = hs.config.ldap_base
-            self.ldap_filter = hs.config.ldap_filter
             self.ldap_attributes = hs.config.ldap_attributes
             if self.ldap_mode == LDAPMode.SEARCH:
                 self.ldap_bind_dn = hs.config.ldap_bind_dn
                 self.ldap_bind_password = hs.config.ldap_bind_password
+                self.ldap_filter = hs.config.ldap_filter
 
         self.hs = hs  # FIXME better possibility to access registrationHandler later?
         self.device_handler = hs.get_device_handler()
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 else:
                     logger.warn(
                         "ldap registration failed: unexpected (%d!=1) amount of results",
-                        len(result)
+                        len(conn.response)
                     )
                     defer.returnValue(False)
 
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
     def set_password(self, user_id, newpassword, requester=None):
         password_hash = self.hash(newpassword)
 
-        except_access_token_ids = [requester.access_token_id] if requester else []
+        except_access_token_id = requester.access_token_id if requester else None
 
         try:
             yield self.store.user_set_password_hash(user_id, password_hash)
@@ -750,10 +750,10 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 raise SynapseError(404, "Unknown user", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
             raise e
         yield self.store.user_delete_access_tokens(
-            user_id, except_access_token_ids
+            user_id, except_access_token_id
         )
         yield self.hs.get_pusherpool().remove_pushers_by_user(
-            user_id, except_access_token_ids
+            user_id, except_access_token_id
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index ff6bb475b..328f8f484 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @log_function
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def backfill(self, dest, room_id, limit, extremities=[]):
+    def backfill(self, dest, room_id, limit, extremities):
         """ Trigger a backfill request to `dest` for the given `room_id`
 
         This will attempt to get more events from the remote. This may return
@@ -284,9 +284,6 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         if dest == self.server_name:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Can't backfill from self.")
 
-        if not extremities:
-            extremities = yield self.store.get_oldest_events_in_room(room_id)
-
         events = yield self.replication_layer.backfill(
             dest,
             room_id,
@@ -455,6 +452,10 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
         max_depth = sorted_extremeties_tuple[0][1]
 
+        # We don't want to specify too many extremities as it causes the backfill
+        # request URI to be too long.
+        extremities = dict(sorted_extremeties_tuple[:5])
+
         if current_depth > max_depth:
             logger.debug(
                 "Not backfilling as we don't need to. %d < %d",
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 6b70fa381..6a1fe76c8 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         defer.returnValue(states)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_interested_parties(self, states):
+    def _get_interested_parties(self, states, calculate_remote_hosts=True):
         """Given a list of states return which entities (rooms, users, servers)
         are interested in the given states.
 
@@ -526,14 +526,15 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             users_to_states.setdefault(state.user_id, []).append(state)
 
         hosts_to_states = {}
-        for room_id, states in room_ids_to_states.items():
-            local_states = filter(lambda s: self.is_mine_id(s.user_id), states)
-            if not local_states:
-                continue
+        if calculate_remote_hosts:
+            for room_id, states in room_ids_to_states.items():
+                local_states = filter(lambda s: self.is_mine_id(s.user_id), states)
+                if not local_states:
+                    continue
 
-            hosts = yield self.store.get_joined_hosts_for_room(room_id)
-            for host in hosts:
-                hosts_to_states.setdefault(host, []).extend(local_states)
+                hosts = yield self.store.get_joined_hosts_for_room(room_id)
+                for host in hosts:
+                    hosts_to_states.setdefault(host, []).extend(local_states)
 
         for user_id, states in users_to_states.items():
             local_states = filter(lambda s: self.is_mine_id(s.user_id), states)
@@ -565,6 +566,16 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         self._push_to_remotes(hosts_to_states)
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def notify_for_states(self, state, stream_id):
+        parties = yield self._get_interested_parties([state])
+        room_ids_to_states, users_to_states, hosts_to_states = parties
+
+        self.notifier.on_new_event(
+            "presence_key", stream_id, rooms=room_ids_to_states.keys(),
+            users=[UserID.from_string(u) for u in users_to_states.keys()]
+        )
+
     def _push_to_remotes(self, hosts_to_states):
         """Sends state updates to remote servers.
 
@@ -672,7 +683,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             ])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_state(self, target_user, state):
+    def set_state(self, target_user, state, ignore_status_msg=False):
         """Set the presence state of the user.
         """
         status_msg = state.get("status_msg", None)
@@ -689,10 +700,13 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         prev_state = yield self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
 
         new_fields = {
-            "state": presence,
-            "status_msg": status_msg if presence != PresenceState.OFFLINE else None
+            "state": presence
         }
 
+        if not ignore_status_msg:
+            msg = status_msg if presence != PresenceState.OFFLINE else None
+            new_fields["status_msg"] = msg
+
         if presence == PresenceState.ONLINE:
             new_fields["last_active_ts"] = self.clock.time_msec()
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
index 8cec8fc4e..4709112a0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(BaseHandler):
             third_party_signed=None,
             ratelimit=True,
     ):
-        key = (target, room_id,)
+        key = (room_id,)
 
         with (yield self.member_linearizer.queue(key)):
             result = yield self._update_membership(
diff --git a/synapse/notifier.py b/synapse/notifier.py
index 30883a069..40a148994 100644
--- a/synapse/notifier.py
+++ b/synapse/notifier.py
@@ -67,10 +67,8 @@ class _NotifierUserStream(object):
     so that it can remove itself from the indexes in the Notifier class.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, user_id, rooms, current_token, time_now_ms,
-                 appservice=None):
+    def __init__(self, user_id, rooms, current_token, time_now_ms):
         self.user_id = user_id
-        self.appservice = appservice
         self.rooms = set(rooms)
         self.current_token = current_token
         self.last_notified_ms = time_now_ms
@@ -107,11 +105,6 @@ class _NotifierUserStream(object):
 
         notifier.user_to_user_stream.pop(self.user_id)
 
-        if self.appservice:
-            notifier.appservice_to_user_streams.get(
-                self.appservice, set()
-            ).discard(self)
-
     def count_listeners(self):
         return len(self.notify_deferred.observers())
 
@@ -142,7 +135,6 @@ class Notifier(object):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.user_to_user_stream = {}
         self.room_to_user_streams = {}
-        self.appservice_to_user_streams = {}
 
         self.event_sources = hs.get_event_sources()
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
@@ -168,8 +160,6 @@ class Notifier(object):
                 all_user_streams |= x
             for x in self.user_to_user_stream.values():
                 all_user_streams.add(x)
-            for x in self.appservice_to_user_streams.values():
-                all_user_streams |= x
 
             return sum(stream.count_listeners() for stream in all_user_streams)
         metrics.register_callback("listeners", count_listeners)
@@ -182,10 +172,6 @@ class Notifier(object):
             "users",
             lambda: len(self.user_to_user_stream),
         )
-        metrics.register_callback(
-            "appservices",
-            lambda: count(bool, self.appservice_to_user_streams.values()),
-        )
 
     def on_new_room_event(self, event, room_stream_id, max_room_stream_id,
                           extra_users=[]):
@@ -228,21 +214,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
     def _on_new_room_event(self, event, room_stream_id, extra_users=[]):
         """Notify any user streams that are interested in this room event"""
         # poke any interested application service.
-        self.appservice_handler.notify_interested_services(event)
-
-        app_streams = set()
-
-        for appservice in self.appservice_to_user_streams:
-            # TODO (kegan): Redundant appservice listener checks?
-            # App services will already be in the room_to_user_streams set, but
-            # that isn't enough. They need to be checked here in order to
-            # receive *invites* for users they are interested in. Does this
-            # make the room_to_user_streams check somewhat obselete?
-            if appservice.is_interested(event):
-                app_user_streams = self.appservice_to_user_streams.get(
-                    appservice, set()
-                )
-                app_streams |= app_user_streams
+        self.appservice_handler.notify_interested_services(room_stream_id)
 
         if event.type == EventTypes.Member and event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
             self._user_joined_room(event.state_key, event.room_id)
@@ -251,11 +223,9 @@ class Notifier(object):
             "room_key", room_stream_id,
             users=extra_users,
             rooms=[event.room_id],
-            extra_streams=app_streams,
         )
 
-    def on_new_event(self, stream_key, new_token, users=[], rooms=[],
-                     extra_streams=set()):
+    def on_new_event(self, stream_key, new_token, users=[], rooms=[]):
         """ Used to inform listeners that something has happend event wise.
 
         Will wake up all listeners for the given users and rooms.
@@ -294,7 +264,6 @@ class Notifier(object):
         """
         user_stream = self.user_to_user_stream.get(user_id)
         if user_stream is None:
-            appservice = yield self.store.get_app_service_by_user_id(user_id)
             current_token = yield self.event_sources.get_current_token()
             if room_ids is None:
                 rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id)
@@ -302,7 +271,6 @@ class Notifier(object):
             user_stream = _NotifierUserStream(
                 user_id=user_id,
                 rooms=room_ids,
-                appservice=appservice,
                 current_token=current_token,
                 time_now_ms=self.clock.time_msec(),
             )
@@ -477,11 +445,6 @@ class Notifier(object):
             s = self.room_to_user_streams.setdefault(room, set())
             s.add(user_stream)
 
-        if user_stream.appservice:
-            self.appservice_to_user_stream.setdefault(
-                user_stream.appservice, set()
-            ).add(user_stream)
-
     def _user_joined_room(self, user_id, room_id):
         new_user_stream = self.user_to_user_stream.get(user_id)
         if new_user_stream is not None:
diff --git a/synapse/push/action_generator.py b/synapse/push/action_generator.py
index 46e768e35..b2c94bfaa 100644
--- a/synapse/push/action_generator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/action_generator.py
@@ -38,15 +38,16 @@ class ActionGenerator:
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def handle_push_actions_for_event(self, event, context):
-        with Measure(self.clock, "handle_push_actions_for_event"):
+        with Measure(self.clock, "evaluator_for_event"):
             bulk_evaluator = yield evaluator_for_event(
                 event, self.hs, self.store, context.current_state
             )
 
+        with Measure(self.clock, "action_for_event_by_user"):
             actions_by_user = yield bulk_evaluator.action_for_event_by_user(
                 event, context.current_state
             )
 
-            context.push_actions = [
-                (uid, actions) for uid, actions in actions_by_user.items()
-            ]
+        context.push_actions = [
+            (uid, actions) for uid, actions in actions_by_user.items()
+        ]
diff --git a/synapse/push/baserules.py b/synapse/push/baserules.py
index 024c14904..edb00ed20 100644
--- a/synapse/push/baserules.py
+++ b/synapse/push/baserules.py
@@ -217,6 +217,27 @@ BASE_APPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES = [
             'dont_notify'
         ]
     },
+    # This was changed from underride to override so it's closer in priority
+    # to the content rules where the user name highlight rule lives. This
+    # way a room rule is lower priority than both but a custom override rule
+    # is higher priority than both.
+    {
+        'rule_id': 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name',
+        'conditions': [
+            {
+                'kind': 'contains_display_name'
+            }
+        ],
+        'actions': [
+            'notify',
+            {
+                'set_tweak': 'sound',
+                'value': 'default'
+            }, {
+                'set_tweak': 'highlight'
+            }
+        ]
+    },
 ]
 
 
@@ -242,23 +263,6 @@ BASE_APPEND_UNDERRIDE_RULES = [
             }
         ]
     },
-    {
-        'rule_id': 'global/underride/.m.rule.contains_display_name',
-        'conditions': [
-            {
-                'kind': 'contains_display_name'
-            }
-        ],
-        'actions': [
-            'notify',
-            {
-                'set_tweak': 'sound',
-                'value': 'default'
-            }, {
-                'set_tweak': 'highlight'
-            }
-        ]
-    },
     {
         'rule_id': 'global/underride/.m.rule.room_one_to_one',
         'conditions': [
diff --git a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
index 5853ec36a..54c0f1b84 100644
--- a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
+++ b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ class PusherPool:
                 yield self.remove_pusher(p['app_id'], p['pushkey'], p['user_name'])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def remove_pushers_by_user(self, user_id, except_token_ids=[]):
+    def remove_pushers_by_user(self, user_id, except_access_token_id=None):
         all = yield self.store.get_all_pushers()
         logger.info(
-            "Removing all pushers for user %s except access tokens ids %r",
-            user_id, except_token_ids
+            "Removing all pushers for user %s except access tokens id %r",
+            user_id, except_access_token_id
         )
         for p in all:
-            if p['user_name'] == user_id and p['access_token'] not in except_token_ids:
+            if p['user_name'] == user_id and p['access_token'] != except_access_token_id:
                 logger.info(
                     "Removing pusher for app id %s, pushkey %s, user %s",
                     p['app_id'], p['pushkey'], p['user_name']
diff --git a/synapse/replication/resource.py b/synapse/replication/resource.py
index 8c2d487ff..84993b33b 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/resource.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/resource.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ STREAM_NAMES = (
     ("push_rules",),
     ("pushers",),
     ("state",),
+    ("caches",),
 )
 
 
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@ class ReplicationResource(Resource):
     * "backfill": Old events that have been backfilled from other servers.
     * "push_rules": Per user changes to push rules.
     * "pushers": Per user changes to their pushers.
+    * "caches": Cache invalidations.
 
     The API takes two additional query parameters:
 
@@ -129,6 +131,7 @@ class ReplicationResource(Resource):
         push_rules_token, room_stream_token = self.store.get_push_rules_stream_token()
         pushers_token = self.store.get_pushers_stream_token()
         state_token = self.store.get_state_stream_token()
+        caches_token = self.store.get_cache_stream_token()
 
         defer.returnValue(_ReplicationToken(
             room_stream_token,
@@ -140,6 +143,7 @@ class ReplicationResource(Resource):
             push_rules_token,
             pushers_token,
             state_token,
+            caches_token,
         ))
 
     @request_handler()
@@ -188,6 +192,7 @@ class ReplicationResource(Resource):
         yield self.push_rules(writer, current_token, limit, request_streams)
         yield self.pushers(writer, current_token, limit, request_streams)
         yield self.state(writer, current_token, limit, request_streams)
+        yield self.caches(writer, current_token, limit, request_streams)
         self.streams(writer, current_token, request_streams)
 
         logger.info("Replicated %d rows", writer.total)
@@ -379,6 +384,20 @@ class ReplicationResource(Resource):
                 "position", "type", "state_key", "event_id"
             ))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def caches(self, writer, current_token, limit, request_streams):
+        current_position = current_token.caches
+
+        caches = request_streams.get("caches")
+
+        if caches is not None:
+            updated_caches = yield self.store.get_all_updated_caches(
+                caches, current_position, limit
+            )
+            writer.write_header_and_rows("caches", updated_caches, (
+                "position", "cache_func", "keys", "invalidation_ts"
+            ))
+
 
 class _Writer(object):
     """Writes the streams as a JSON object as the response to the request"""
@@ -407,7 +426,7 @@ class _Writer(object):
 
 class _ReplicationToken(collections.namedtuple("_ReplicationToken", (
     "events", "presence", "typing", "receipts", "account_data", "backfill",
-    "push_rules", "pushers", "state"
+    "push_rules", "pushers", "state", "caches",
 ))):
     __slots__ = []
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
index 46e43ce1c..f19540d6b 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
@@ -14,15 +14,43 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
+from ._slaved_id_tracker import SlavedIdTracker
+
+import logging
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 class BaseSlavedStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(BaseSlavedStore, self).__init__(hs)
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            self._cache_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(
+                db_conn, "cache_invalidation_stream", "stream_id",
+            )
+        else:
+            self._cache_id_gen = None
 
     def stream_positions(self):
-        return {}
+        pos = {}
+        if self._cache_id_gen:
+            pos["caches"] = self._cache_id_gen.get_current_token()
+        return pos
 
     def process_replication(self, result):
+        stream = result.get("caches")
+        if stream:
+            for row in stream["rows"]:
+                (
+                    position, cache_func, keys, invalidation_ts,
+                ) = row
+
+                try:
+                    getattr(self, cache_func).invalidate(tuple(keys))
+                except AttributeError:
+                    logger.info("Got unexpected cache_func: %r", cache_func)
+            self._cache_id_gen.advance(int(stream["position"]))
         return defer.succeed(None)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
index 25792d942..a374f2f1a 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
@@ -28,3 +28,13 @@ class SlavedApplicationServiceStore(BaseSlavedStore):
 
     get_app_service_by_token = DataStore.get_app_service_by_token.__func__
     get_app_service_by_user_id = DataStore.get_app_service_by_user_id.__func__
+    get_app_services = DataStore.get_app_services.__func__
+    get_new_events_for_appservice = DataStore.get_new_events_for_appservice.__func__
+    create_appservice_txn = DataStore.create_appservice_txn.__func__
+    get_appservices_by_state = DataStore.get_appservices_by_state.__func__
+    get_oldest_unsent_txn = DataStore.get_oldest_unsent_txn.__func__
+    _get_last_txn = DataStore._get_last_txn.__func__
+    complete_appservice_txn = DataStore.complete_appservice_txn.__func__
+    get_appservice_state = DataStore.get_appservice_state.__func__
+    set_appservice_last_pos = DataStore.set_appservice_last_pos.__func__
+    set_appservice_state = DataStore.set_appservice_state.__func__
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py
index 5fbe3a303..7301d885f 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ from synapse.storage.directory import DirectoryStore
 class DirectoryStore(BaseSlavedStore):
     get_aliases_for_room = DirectoryStore.__dict__[
         "get_aliases_for_room"
-    ].orig
+    ]
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py
index 307833f9e..e27c7332d 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ class SlavedRegistrationStore(BaseSlavedStore):
     # TODO: use the cached version and invalidate deleted tokens
     get_user_by_access_token = RegistrationStore.__dict__[
         "get_user_by_access_token"
-    ].orig
+    ]
 
     _query_for_auth = DataStore._query_for_auth.__func__
+    get_user_by_id = RegistrationStore.__dict__[
+        "get_user_by_id"
+    ]
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/admin.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/admin.py
index b0cb31a44..af21661d7 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/admin.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/admin.py
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class WhoisRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_path_patterns("/admin/whois/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)")
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(WhoisRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id):
         target_user = UserID.from_string(user_id)
@@ -82,6 +86,10 @@ class PurgeHistoryRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         "/admin/purge_history/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/(?P<event_id>[^/]*)"
     )
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(PurgeHistoryRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request, room_id, event_id):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/base.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/base.py
index 96b49b01f..c2a844786 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/base.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/base.py
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ class ClientV1RestServlet(RestServlet):
             hs (synapse.server.HomeServer):
         """
         self.hs = hs
-        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
         self.builder_factory = hs.get_event_builder_factory()
         self.auth = hs.get_v1auth()
         self.txns = HttpTransactionStore()
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
index 8ac09419d..09d083159 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
 class ClientDirectoryServer(ClientV1RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_path_patterns("/directory/room/(?P<room_alias>[^/]*)$")
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(ClientDirectoryServer, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_alias):
         room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias)
@@ -146,6 +150,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryListServer(ClientV1RestServlet):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(ClientDirectoryListServer, self).__init__(hs)
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
index 498bb9e18..701b6f549 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ class EventStreamRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
     DEFAULT_LONGPOLL_TIME_MS = 30000
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(EventStreamRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.event_stream_handler = hs.get_event_stream_handler()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(
@@ -46,7 +50,6 @@ class EventStreamRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         if "room_id" in request.args:
             room_id = request.args["room_id"][0]
 
-        handler = self.handlers.event_stream_handler
         pagin_config = PaginationConfig.from_request(request)
         timeout = EventStreamRestServlet.DEFAULT_LONGPOLL_TIME_MS
         if "timeout" in request.args:
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@ class EventStreamRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
         as_client_event = "raw" not in request.args
 
-        chunk = yield handler.get_stream(
+        chunk = yield self.event_stream_handler.get_stream(
             requester.user.to_string(),
             pagin_config,
             timeout=timeout,
@@ -80,12 +83,12 @@ class EventRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(EventRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.event_handler = hs.get_event_handler()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, event_id):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
-        handler = self.handlers.event_handler
-        event = yield handler.get_event(requester.user, event_id)
+        event = yield self.event_handler.get_event(requester.user, event_id)
 
         time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
         if event:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
index 36c352056..113a49e53 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ from .base import ClientV1RestServlet, client_path_patterns
 class InitialSyncRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_path_patterns("/initialSync$")
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(InitialSyncRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
index b31e27f7b..6c0eec8fb 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         self.cas_enabled = hs.config.cas_enabled
         self.auth_handler = self.hs.get_auth_handler()
         self.device_handler = self.hs.get_device_handler()
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
 
     def on_GET(self, request):
         flows = []
@@ -260,6 +261,7 @@ class SAML2RestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(SAML2RestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
         self.sp_config = hs.config.saml2_config_path
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
@@ -329,6 +331,7 @@ class CasTicketServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         self.cas_service_url = hs.config.cas_service_url
         self.cas_required_attributes = hs.config.cas_required_attributes
         self.auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
index 65c4e2ebe..355e82474 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ from synapse.http.servlet import parse_json_object_from_request
 class ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_path_patterns("/profile/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/displayname")
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id):
         user = UserID.from_string(user_id)
@@ -62,6 +66,10 @@ class ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 class ProfileAvatarURLRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_path_patterns("/profile/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/avatar_url")
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(ProfileAvatarURLRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id):
         user = UserID.from_string(user_id)
@@ -99,6 +107,10 @@ class ProfileAvatarURLRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 class ProfileRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_path_patterns("/profile/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)")
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(ProfileRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id):
         user = UserID.from_string(user_id)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/register.py
index 2383b9df8..71d58c8e8 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/register.py
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         self.sessions = {}
         self.enable_registration = hs.config.enable_registration
         self.auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
 
     def on_GET(self, request):
         if self.hs.config.enable_registration_captcha:
@@ -383,6 +384,7 @@ class CreateUserRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         super(CreateUserRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.direct_user_creation_max_duration = hs.config.user_creation_max_duration
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
index 866a1e912..89c389511 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class RoomCreateRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     # No PATTERN; we have custom dispatch rules here
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(RoomCreateRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     def register(self, http_server):
         PATTERNS = "/createRoom"
         register_txn_path(self, PATTERNS, http_server)
@@ -82,6 +86,10 @@ class RoomCreateRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing for generic events
 class RoomStateEventRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(RoomStateEventRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     def register(self, http_server):
         # /room/$roomid/state/$eventtype
         no_state_key = "/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/state/(?P<event_type>[^/]*)$"
@@ -166,6 +174,10 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 # TODO: Needs unit testing for generic events + feedback
 class RoomSendEventRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(RoomSendEventRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     def register(self, http_server):
         # /rooms/$roomid/send/$event_type[/$txn_id]
         PATTERNS = ("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/send/(?P<event_type>[^/]*)")
@@ -210,6 +222,9 @@ class RoomSendEventRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing for room ID + alias joins
 class JoinRoomAliasServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(JoinRoomAliasServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
 
     def register(self, http_server):
         # /join/$room_identifier[/$txn_id]
@@ -296,6 +311,10 @@ class PublicRoomListRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 class RoomMemberListRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_path_patterns("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/members$")
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(RoomMemberListRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id):
         # TODO support Pagination stream API (limit/tokens)
@@ -322,6 +341,10 @@ class RoomMemberListRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 class RoomMessageListRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_path_patterns("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/messages$")
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(RoomMessageListRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
@@ -351,6 +374,10 @@ class RoomMessageListRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 class RoomStateRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_path_patterns("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/state$")
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(RoomStateRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
@@ -368,6 +395,10 @@ class RoomStateRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 class RoomInitialSyncRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_path_patterns("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/initialSync$")
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(RoomInitialSyncRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
@@ -388,6 +419,7 @@ class RoomEventContext(ClientV1RestServlet):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(RoomEventContext, self).__init__(hs)
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id, event_id):
@@ -424,6 +456,10 @@ class RoomEventContext(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
 
 class RoomForgetRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(RoomForgetRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     def register(self, http_server):
         PATTERNS = ("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/forget")
         register_txn_path(self, PATTERNS, http_server)
@@ -462,6 +498,10 @@ class RoomForgetRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 # TODO: Needs unit testing
 class RoomMembershipRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(RoomMembershipRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     def register(self, http_server):
         # /rooms/$roomid/[invite|join|leave]
         PATTERNS = ("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/"
@@ -542,6 +582,10 @@ class RoomMembershipRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
 
 
 class RoomRedactEventRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(RoomRedactEventRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     def register(self, http_server):
         PATTERNS = ("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/redact/(?P<event_id>[^/]*)")
         register_txn_path(self, PATTERNS, http_server)
@@ -624,6 +668,10 @@ class SearchRestServlet(ClientV1RestServlet):
         "/search$"
     )
 
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super(SearchRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
+        self.handlers = hs.get_handlers()
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
index 43d8e0bf3..b11acdbea 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
         affect_presence = set_presence != PresenceState.OFFLINE
 
         if affect_presence:
-            yield self.presence_handler.set_state(user, {"presence": set_presence})
+            yield self.presence_handler.set_state(user, {"presence": set_presence}, True)
 
         context = yield self.presence_handler.user_syncing(
             user.to_string(), affect_presence=affect_presence,
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
index 9f6962077..9f0625a82 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ class DownloadResource(Resource):
     @request_handler()
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _async_render_GET(self, request):
+        request.setHeader("Content-Security-Policy", "sandbox")
         server_name, media_id, name = parse_media_id(request)
         if server_name == self.server_name:
             yield self._respond_local_file(request, media_id, name)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
index bdd0e60c5..33f35fb44 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
@@ -29,14 +29,13 @@ from synapse.http.server import (
 from synapse.util.async import ObservableDeferred
 from synapse.util.stringutils import is_ascii
 
-from copy import deepcopy
-
 import os
 import re
 import fnmatch
 import cgi
 import ujson as json
 import urlparse
+import itertools
 
 import logging
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -163,7 +162,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
 
         logger.debug("got media_info of '%s'" % media_info)
 
-        if self._is_media(media_info['media_type']):
+        if _is_media(media_info['media_type']):
             dims = yield self.media_repo._generate_local_thumbnails(
                 media_info['filesystem_id'], media_info
             )
@@ -184,11 +183,9 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
                 logger.warn("Couldn't get dims for %s" % url)
 
             # define our OG response for this media
-        elif self._is_html(media_info['media_type']):
+        elif _is_html(media_info['media_type']):
             # TODO: somehow stop a big HTML tree from exploding synapse's RAM
 
-            from lxml import etree
-
             file = open(media_info['filename'])
             body = file.read()
             file.close()
@@ -199,17 +196,35 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
             match = re.match(r'.*; *charset=(.*?)(;|$)', media_info['media_type'], re.I)
             encoding = match.group(1) if match else "utf-8"
 
-            try:
-                parser = etree.HTMLParser(recover=True, encoding=encoding)
-                tree = etree.fromstring(body, parser)
-                og = yield self._calc_og(tree, media_info, requester)
-            except UnicodeDecodeError:
-                # blindly try decoding the body as utf-8, which seems to fix
-                # the charset mismatches on https://google.com
-                parser = etree.HTMLParser(recover=True, encoding=encoding)
-                tree = etree.fromstring(body.decode('utf-8', 'ignore'), parser)
-                og = yield self._calc_og(tree, media_info, requester)
+            og = decode_and_calc_og(body, media_info['uri'], encoding)
 
+            # pre-cache the image for posterity
+            # FIXME: it might be cleaner to use the same flow as the main /preview_url
+            # request itself and benefit from the same caching etc.  But for now we
+            # just rely on the caching on the master request to speed things up.
+            if 'og:image' in og and og['og:image']:
+                image_info = yield self._download_url(
+                    _rebase_url(og['og:image'], media_info['uri']), requester.user
+                )
+
+                if _is_media(image_info['media_type']):
+                    # TODO: make sure we don't choke on white-on-transparent images
+                    dims = yield self.media_repo._generate_local_thumbnails(
+                        image_info['filesystem_id'], image_info
+                    )
+                    if dims:
+                        og["og:image:width"] = dims['width']
+                        og["og:image:height"] = dims['height']
+                    else:
+                        logger.warn("Couldn't get dims for %s" % og["og:image"])
+
+                    og["og:image"] = "mxc://%s/%s" % (
+                        self.server_name, image_info['filesystem_id']
+                    )
+                    og["og:image:type"] = image_info['media_type']
+                    og["matrix:image:size"] = image_info['media_length']
+                else:
+                    del og["og:image"]
         else:
             logger.warn("Failed to find any OG data in %s", url)
             og = {}
@@ -232,139 +247,6 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
 
         respond_with_json_bytes(request, 200, json.dumps(og), send_cors=True)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _calc_og(self, tree, media_info, requester):
-        # suck our tree into lxml and define our OG response.
-
-        # if we see any image URLs in the OG response, then spider them
-        # (although the client could choose to do this by asking for previews of those
-        # URLs to avoid DoSing the server)
-
-        # "og:type"         : "video",
-        # "og:url"          : "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXDBoHyjmtw",
-        # "og:site_name"    : "YouTube",
-        # "og:video:type"   : "application/x-shockwave-flash",
-        # "og:description"  : "Fun stuff happening here",
-        # "og:title"        : "RemoteJam - Matrix team hack for Disrupt Europe Hackathon",
-        # "og:image"        : "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/LXDBoHyjmtw/maxresdefault.jpg",
-        # "og:video:url"    : "http://www.youtube.com/v/LXDBoHyjmtw?version=3&autohide=1",
-        # "og:video:width"  : "1280"
-        # "og:video:height" : "720",
-        # "og:video:secure_url": "https://www.youtube.com/v/LXDBoHyjmtw?version=3",
-
-        og = {}
-        for tag in tree.xpath("//*/meta[starts-with(@property, 'og:')]"):
-            if 'content' in tag.attrib:
-                og[tag.attrib['property']] = tag.attrib['content']
-
-        # TODO: grab article: meta tags too, e.g.:
-
-        # "article:publisher" : "https://www.facebook.com/thethudonline" />
-        # "article:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/thethudonline" />
-        # "article:tag" content="baby" />
-        # "article:section" content="Breaking News" />
-        # "article:published_time" content="2016-03-31T19:58:24+00:00" />
-        # "article:modified_time" content="2016-04-01T18:31:53+00:00" />
-
-        if 'og:title' not in og:
-            # do some basic spidering of the HTML
-            title = tree.xpath("(//title)[1] | (//h1)[1] | (//h2)[1] | (//h3)[1]")
-            og['og:title'] = title[0].text.strip() if title else None
-
-        if 'og:image' not in og:
-            # TODO: extract a favicon failing all else
-            meta_image = tree.xpath(
-                "//*/meta[translate(@itemprop, 'IMAGE', 'image')='image']/@content"
-            )
-            if meta_image:
-                og['og:image'] = self._rebase_url(meta_image[0], media_info['uri'])
-            else:
-                # TODO: consider inlined CSS styles as well as width & height attribs
-                images = tree.xpath("//img[@src][number(@width)>10][number(@height)>10]")
-                images = sorted(images, key=lambda i: (
-                    -1 * float(i.attrib['width']) * float(i.attrib['height'])
-                ))
-                if not images:
-                    images = tree.xpath("//img[@src]")
-                if images:
-                    og['og:image'] = images[0].attrib['src']
-
-        # pre-cache the image for posterity
-        # FIXME: it might be cleaner to use the same flow as the main /preview_url
-        # request itself and benefit from the same caching etc.  But for now we
-        # just rely on the caching on the master request to speed things up.
-        if 'og:image' in og and og['og:image']:
-            image_info = yield self._download_url(
-                self._rebase_url(og['og:image'], media_info['uri']), requester.user
-            )
-
-            if self._is_media(image_info['media_type']):
-                # TODO: make sure we don't choke on white-on-transparent images
-                dims = yield self.media_repo._generate_local_thumbnails(
-                    image_info['filesystem_id'], image_info
-                )
-                if dims:
-                    og["og:image:width"] = dims['width']
-                    og["og:image:height"] = dims['height']
-                else:
-                    logger.warn("Couldn't get dims for %s" % og["og:image"])
-
-                og["og:image"] = "mxc://%s/%s" % (
-                    self.server_name, image_info['filesystem_id']
-                )
-                og["og:image:type"] = image_info['media_type']
-                og["matrix:image:size"] = image_info['media_length']
-            else:
-                del og["og:image"]
-
-        if 'og:description' not in og:
-            meta_description = tree.xpath(
-                "//*/meta"
-                "[translate(@name, 'DESCRIPTION', 'description')='description']"
-                "/@content")
-            if meta_description:
-                og['og:description'] = meta_description[0]
-            else:
-                # grab any text nodes which are inside the <body/> tag...
-                # unless they are within an HTML5 semantic markup tag...
-                # <header/>, <nav/>, <aside/>, <footer/>
-                # ...or if they are within a <script/> or <style/> tag.
-                # This is a very very very coarse approximation to a plain text
-                # render of the page.
-
-                # We don't just use XPATH here as that is slow on some machines.
-
-                # We clone `tree` as we modify it.
-                cloned_tree = deepcopy(tree.find("body"))
-
-                TAGS_TO_REMOVE = ("header", "nav", "aside", "footer", "script", "style",)
-                for el in cloned_tree.iter(TAGS_TO_REMOVE):
-                    el.getparent().remove(el)
-
-                # Split all the text nodes into paragraphs (by splitting on new
-                # lines)
-                text_nodes = (
-                    re.sub(r'\s+', '\n', el.text).strip()
-                    for el in cloned_tree.iter()
-                    if el.text and isinstance(el.tag, basestring)  # Removes comments
-                )
-                og['og:description'] = summarize_paragraphs(text_nodes)
-
-        # TODO: delete the url downloads to stop diskfilling,
-        # as we only ever cared about its OG
-        defer.returnValue(og)
-
-    def _rebase_url(self, url, base):
-        base = list(urlparse.urlparse(base))
-        url = list(urlparse.urlparse(url))
-        if not url[0]:  # fix up schema
-            url[0] = base[0] or "http"
-        if not url[1]:  # fix up hostname
-            url[1] = base[1]
-            if not url[2].startswith('/'):
-                url[2] = re.sub(r'/[^/]+$', '/', base[2]) + url[2]
-        return urlparse.urlunparse(url)
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _download_url(self, url, user):
         # TODO: we should probably honour robots.txt... except in practice
@@ -445,17 +327,171 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
             "etag": headers["ETag"][0] if "ETag" in headers else None,
         })
 
-    def _is_media(self, content_type):
-        if content_type.lower().startswith("image/"):
-            return True
 
-    def _is_html(self, content_type):
-        content_type = content_type.lower()
-        if (
-            content_type.startswith("text/html") or
-            content_type.startswith("application/xhtml")
-        ):
-            return True
+def decode_and_calc_og(body, media_uri, request_encoding=None):
+    from lxml import etree
+
+    try:
+        parser = etree.HTMLParser(recover=True, encoding=request_encoding)
+        tree = etree.fromstring(body, parser)
+        og = _calc_og(tree, media_uri)
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        # blindly try decoding the body as utf-8, which seems to fix
+        # the charset mismatches on https://google.com
+        parser = etree.HTMLParser(recover=True, encoding=request_encoding)
+        tree = etree.fromstring(body.decode('utf-8', 'ignore'), parser)
+        og = _calc_og(tree, media_uri)
+
+    return og
+
+
+def _calc_og(tree, media_uri):
+    # suck our tree into lxml and define our OG response.
+
+    # if we see any image URLs in the OG response, then spider them
+    # (although the client could choose to do this by asking for previews of those
+    # URLs to avoid DoSing the server)
+
+    # "og:type"         : "video",
+    # "og:url"          : "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXDBoHyjmtw",
+    # "og:site_name"    : "YouTube",
+    # "og:video:type"   : "application/x-shockwave-flash",
+    # "og:description"  : "Fun stuff happening here",
+    # "og:title"        : "RemoteJam - Matrix team hack for Disrupt Europe Hackathon",
+    # "og:image"        : "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/LXDBoHyjmtw/maxresdefault.jpg",
+    # "og:video:url"    : "http://www.youtube.com/v/LXDBoHyjmtw?version=3&autohide=1",
+    # "og:video:width"  : "1280"
+    # "og:video:height" : "720",
+    # "og:video:secure_url": "https://www.youtube.com/v/LXDBoHyjmtw?version=3",
+
+    og = {}
+    for tag in tree.xpath("//*/meta[starts-with(@property, 'og:')]"):
+        if 'content' in tag.attrib:
+            og[tag.attrib['property']] = tag.attrib['content']
+
+    # TODO: grab article: meta tags too, e.g.:
+
+    # "article:publisher" : "https://www.facebook.com/thethudonline" />
+    # "article:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/thethudonline" />
+    # "article:tag" content="baby" />
+    # "article:section" content="Breaking News" />
+    # "article:published_time" content="2016-03-31T19:58:24+00:00" />
+    # "article:modified_time" content="2016-04-01T18:31:53+00:00" />
+
+    if 'og:title' not in og:
+        # do some basic spidering of the HTML
+        title = tree.xpath("(//title)[1] | (//h1)[1] | (//h2)[1] | (//h3)[1]")
+        og['og:title'] = title[0].text.strip() if title else None
+
+    if 'og:image' not in og:
+        # TODO: extract a favicon failing all else
+        meta_image = tree.xpath(
+            "//*/meta[translate(@itemprop, 'IMAGE', 'image')='image']/@content"
+        )
+        if meta_image:
+            og['og:image'] = _rebase_url(meta_image[0], media_uri)
+        else:
+            # TODO: consider inlined CSS styles as well as width & height attribs
+            images = tree.xpath("//img[@src][number(@width)>10][number(@height)>10]")
+            images = sorted(images, key=lambda i: (
+                -1 * float(i.attrib['width']) * float(i.attrib['height'])
+            ))
+            if not images:
+                images = tree.xpath("//img[@src]")
+            if images:
+                og['og:image'] = images[0].attrib['src']
+
+    if 'og:description' not in og:
+        meta_description = tree.xpath(
+            "//*/meta"
+            "[translate(@name, 'DESCRIPTION', 'description')='description']"
+            "/@content")
+        if meta_description:
+            og['og:description'] = meta_description[0]
+        else:
+            # grab any text nodes which are inside the <body/> tag...
+            # unless they are within an HTML5 semantic markup tag...
+            # <header/>, <nav/>, <aside/>, <footer/>
+            # ...or if they are within a <script/> or <style/> tag.
+            # This is a very very very coarse approximation to a plain text
+            # render of the page.
+
+            # We don't just use XPATH here as that is slow on some machines.
+
+            from lxml import etree
+
+            TAGS_TO_REMOVE = (
+                "header", "nav", "aside", "footer", "script", "style", etree.Comment
+            )
+
+            # Split all the text nodes into paragraphs (by splitting on new
+            # lines)
+            text_nodes = (
+                re.sub(r'\s+', '\n', el).strip()
+                for el in _iterate_over_text(tree.find("body"), *TAGS_TO_REMOVE)
+            )
+            og['og:description'] = summarize_paragraphs(text_nodes)
+
+    # TODO: delete the url downloads to stop diskfilling,
+    # as we only ever cared about its OG
+    return og
+
+
+def _iterate_over_text(tree, *tags_to_ignore):
+    """Iterate over the tree returning text nodes in a depth first fashion,
+    skipping text nodes inside certain tags.
+    """
+    # This is basically a stack that we extend using itertools.chain.
+    # This will either consist of an element to iterate over *or* a string
+    # to be returned.
+    elements = iter([tree])
+    while True:
+        el = elements.next()
+        if isinstance(el, basestring):
+            yield el
+        elif el is not None and el.tag not in tags_to_ignore:
+            # el.text is the text before the first child, so we can immediately
+            # return it if the text exists.
+            if el.text:
+                yield el.text
+
+            # We add to the stack all the elements children, interspersed with
+            # each child's tail text (if it exists). The tail text of a node
+            # is text that comes *after* the node, so we always include it even
+            # if we ignore the child node.
+            elements = itertools.chain(
+                itertools.chain.from_iterable(  # Basically a flatmap
+                    [child, child.tail] if child.tail else [child]
+                    for child in el.iterchildren()
+                ),
+                elements
+            )
+
+
+def _rebase_url(url, base):
+    base = list(urlparse.urlparse(base))
+    url = list(urlparse.urlparse(url))
+    if not url[0]:  # fix up schema
+        url[0] = base[0] or "http"
+    if not url[1]:  # fix up hostname
+        url[1] = base[1]
+        if not url[2].startswith('/'):
+            url[2] = re.sub(r'/[^/]+$', '/', base[2]) + url[2]
+    return urlparse.urlunparse(url)
+
+
+def _is_media(content_type):
+    if content_type.lower().startswith("image/"):
+        return True
+
+
+def _is_html(content_type):
+    content_type = content_type.lower()
+    if (
+        content_type.startswith("text/html") or
+        content_type.startswith("application/xhtml")
+    ):
+        return True
 
 
 def summarize_paragraphs(text_nodes, min_size=200, max_size=500):
diff --git a/synapse/server.py b/synapse/server.py
index 6bb498830..af3246504 100644
--- a/synapse/server.py
+++ b/synapse/server.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ from synapse.handlers.presence import PresenceHandler
 from synapse.handlers.room import RoomListHandler
 from synapse.handlers.sync import SyncHandler
 from synapse.handlers.typing import TypingHandler
+from synapse.handlers.events import EventHandler, EventStreamHandler
 from synapse.http.client import SimpleHttpClient, InsecureInterceptableContextFactory
 from synapse.http.matrixfederationclient import MatrixFederationHttpClient
 from synapse.notifier import Notifier
@@ -94,6 +95,8 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         'auth_handler',
         'device_handler',
         'e2e_keys_handler',
+        'event_handler',
+        'event_stream_handler',
         'application_service_api',
         'application_service_scheduler',
         'application_service_handler',
@@ -214,6 +217,12 @@ class HomeServer(object):
     def build_application_service_handler(self):
         return ApplicationServicesHandler(self)
 
+    def build_event_handler(self):
+        return EventHandler(self)
+
+    def build_event_stream_handler(self):
+        return EventStreamHandler(self)
+
     def build_event_sources(self):
         return EventSources(self)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index 73fb334dd..7efc5bfee 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ from .openid import OpenIdStore
 from .client_ips import ClientIpStore
 
 from .util.id_generators import IdGenerator, StreamIdGenerator, ChainedIdGenerator
+from .engines import PostgresEngine
 
 from synapse.api.constants import PresenceState
 from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
@@ -123,6 +124,13 @@ class DataStore(RoomMemberStore, RoomStore,
             extra_tables=[("deleted_pushers", "stream_id")],
         )
 
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            self._cache_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+                db_conn, "cache_invalidation_stream", "stream_id",
+            )
+        else:
+            self._cache_id_gen = None
+
         events_max = self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
         event_cache_prefill, min_event_val = self._get_cache_dict(
             db_conn, "events",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index 0117fdc63..029f6612e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from synapse.util.logcontext import LoggingContext, PreserveLoggingContext
 from synapse.util.caches.dictionary_cache import DictionaryCache
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import Cache
 from synapse.util.caches import intern_dict
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
 import synapse.metrics
 
 
@@ -305,13 +306,14 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                     func, *args, **kwargs
                 )
 
-        with PreserveLoggingContext():
-            result = yield self._db_pool.runWithConnection(
-                inner_func, *args, **kwargs
-            )
-
-        for after_callback, after_args in after_callbacks:
-            after_callback(*after_args)
+        try:
+            with PreserveLoggingContext():
+                result = yield self._db_pool.runWithConnection(
+                    inner_func, *args, **kwargs
+                )
+        finally:
+            for after_callback, after_args in after_callbacks:
+                after_callback(*after_args)
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -860,6 +862,62 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         return cache, min_val
 
+    def _invalidate_cache_and_stream(self, txn, cache_func, keys):
+        """Invalidates the cache and adds it to the cache stream so slaves
+        will know to invalidate their caches.
+
+        This should only be used to invalidate caches where slaves won't
+        otherwise know from other replication streams that the cache should
+        be invalidated.
+        """
+        txn.call_after(cache_func.invalidate, keys)
+
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            # get_next() returns a context manager which is designed to wrap
+            # the transaction. However, we want to only get an ID when we want
+            # to use it, here, so we need to call __enter__ manually, and have
+            # __exit__ called after the transaction finishes.
+            ctx = self._cache_id_gen.get_next()
+            stream_id = ctx.__enter__()
+            txn.call_after(ctx.__exit__, None, None, None)
+            txn.call_after(self.hs.get_notifier().on_new_replication_data)
+
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="cache_invalidation_stream",
+                values={
+                    "stream_id": stream_id,
+                    "cache_func": cache_func.__name__,
+                    "keys": list(keys),
+                    "invalidation_ts": self.clock.time_msec(),
+                }
+            )
+
+    def get_all_updated_caches(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_updated_caches_txn(txn):
+            # We purposefully don't bound by the current token, as we want to
+            # send across cache invalidations as quickly as possible. Cache
+            # invalidations are idempotent, so duplicates are fine.
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, cache_func, keys, invalidation_ts"
+                " FROM cache_invalidation_stream"
+                " WHERE stream_id > ? ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, limit,))
+            return txn.fetchall()
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_updated_caches", get_all_updated_caches_txn
+        )
+
+    def get_cache_stream_token(self):
+        if self._cache_id_gen:
+            return self._cache_id_gen.get_current_token()
+        else:
+            return 0
+
 
 class _RollbackButIsFineException(Exception):
     """ This exception is used to rollback a transaction without implying
diff --git a/synapse/storage/appservice.py b/synapse/storage/appservice.py
index d1ee533fa..b496b918b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/appservice.py
@@ -218,38 +218,37 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             AppServiceTransaction: A new transaction.
         """
+        def _create_appservice_txn(txn):
+            # work out new txn id (highest txn id for this service += 1)
+            # The highest id may be the last one sent (in which case it is last_txn)
+            # or it may be the highest in the txns list (which are waiting to be/are
+            # being sent)
+            last_txn_id = self._get_last_txn(txn, service.id)
+
+            txn.execute(
+                "SELECT MAX(txn_id) FROM application_services_txns WHERE as_id=?",
+                (service.id,)
+            )
+            highest_txn_id = txn.fetchone()[0]
+            if highest_txn_id is None:
+                highest_txn_id = 0
+
+            new_txn_id = max(highest_txn_id, last_txn_id) + 1
+
+            # Insert new txn into txn table
+            event_ids = json.dumps([e.event_id for e in events])
+            txn.execute(
+                "INSERT INTO application_services_txns(as_id, txn_id, event_ids) "
+                "VALUES(?,?,?)",
+                (service.id, new_txn_id, event_ids)
+            )
+            return AppServiceTransaction(
+                service=service, id=new_txn_id, events=events
+            )
+
         return self.runInteraction(
             "create_appservice_txn",
-            self._create_appservice_txn,
-            service, events
-        )
-
-    def _create_appservice_txn(self, txn, service, events):
-        # work out new txn id (highest txn id for this service += 1)
-        # The highest id may be the last one sent (in which case it is last_txn)
-        # or it may be the highest in the txns list (which are waiting to be/are
-        # being sent)
-        last_txn_id = self._get_last_txn(txn, service.id)
-
-        txn.execute(
-            "SELECT MAX(txn_id) FROM application_services_txns WHERE as_id=?",
-            (service.id,)
-        )
-        highest_txn_id = txn.fetchone()[0]
-        if highest_txn_id is None:
-            highest_txn_id = 0
-
-        new_txn_id = max(highest_txn_id, last_txn_id) + 1
-
-        # Insert new txn into txn table
-        event_ids = json.dumps([e.event_id for e in events])
-        txn.execute(
-            "INSERT INTO application_services_txns(as_id, txn_id, event_ids) "
-            "VALUES(?,?,?)",
-            (service.id, new_txn_id, event_ids)
-        )
-        return AppServiceTransaction(
-            service=service, id=new_txn_id, events=events
+            _create_appservice_txn,
         )
 
     def complete_appservice_txn(self, txn_id, service):
@@ -263,39 +262,38 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             A Deferred which resolves if this transaction was stored
             successfully.
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "complete_appservice_txn",
-            self._complete_appservice_txn,
-            txn_id, service
-        )
-
-    def _complete_appservice_txn(self, txn, txn_id, service):
         txn_id = int(txn_id)
 
-        # Debugging query: Make sure the txn being completed is EXACTLY +1 from
-        # what was there before. If it isn't, we've got problems (e.g. the AS
-        # has probably missed some events), so whine loudly but still continue,
-        # since it shouldn't fail completion of the transaction.
-        last_txn_id = self._get_last_txn(txn, service.id)
-        if (last_txn_id + 1) != txn_id:
-            logger.error(
-                "appservice: Completing a transaction which has an ID > 1 from "
-                "the last ID sent to this AS. We've either dropped events or "
-                "sent it to the AS out of order. FIX ME. last_txn=%s "
-                "completing_txn=%s service_id=%s", last_txn_id, txn_id,
-                service.id
+        def _complete_appservice_txn(txn):
+            # Debugging query: Make sure the txn being completed is EXACTLY +1 from
+            # what was there before. If it isn't, we've got problems (e.g. the AS
+            # has probably missed some events), so whine loudly but still continue,
+            # since it shouldn't fail completion of the transaction.
+            last_txn_id = self._get_last_txn(txn, service.id)
+            if (last_txn_id + 1) != txn_id:
+                logger.error(
+                    "appservice: Completing a transaction which has an ID > 1 from "
+                    "the last ID sent to this AS. We've either dropped events or "
+                    "sent it to the AS out of order. FIX ME. last_txn=%s "
+                    "completing_txn=%s service_id=%s", last_txn_id, txn_id,
+                    service.id
+                )
+
+            # Set current txn_id for AS to 'txn_id'
+            self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                txn, "application_services_state", dict(as_id=service.id),
+                dict(last_txn=txn_id)
             )
 
-        # Set current txn_id for AS to 'txn_id'
-        self._simple_upsert_txn(
-            txn, "application_services_state", dict(as_id=service.id),
-            dict(last_txn=txn_id)
-        )
+            # Delete txn
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn, "application_services_txns",
+                dict(txn_id=txn_id, as_id=service.id)
+            )
 
-        # Delete txn
-        self._simple_delete_txn(
-            txn, "application_services_txns",
-            dict(txn_id=txn_id, as_id=service.id)
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "complete_appservice_txn",
+            _complete_appservice_txn,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -309,10 +307,25 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             A Deferred which resolves to an AppServiceTransaction or
             None.
         """
+        def _get_oldest_unsent_txn(txn):
+            # Monotonically increasing txn ids, so just select the smallest
+            # one in the txns table (we delete them when they are sent)
+            txn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM application_services_txns WHERE as_id=?"
+                " ORDER BY txn_id ASC LIMIT 1",
+                (service.id,)
+            )
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            if not rows:
+                return None
+
+            entry = rows[0]
+
+            return entry
+
         entry = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_oldest_unsent_appservice_txn",
-            self._get_oldest_unsent_txn,
-            service
+            _get_oldest_unsent_txn,
         )
 
         if not entry:
@@ -326,22 +339,6 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             service=service, id=entry["txn_id"], events=events
         ))
 
-    def _get_oldest_unsent_txn(self, txn, service):
-        # Monotonically increasing txn ids, so just select the smallest
-        # one in the txns table (we delete them when they are sent)
-        txn.execute(
-            "SELECT * FROM application_services_txns WHERE as_id=?"
-            " ORDER BY txn_id ASC LIMIT 1",
-            (service.id,)
-        )
-        rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-        if not rows:
-            return None
-
-        entry = rows[0]
-
-        return entry
-
     def _get_last_txn(self, txn, service_id):
         txn.execute(
             "SELECT last_txn FROM application_services_state WHERE as_id=?",
@@ -352,3 +349,42 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return 0
         else:
             return int(last_txn_id[0])  # select 'last_txn' col
+
+    def set_appservice_last_pos(self, pos):
+        def set_appservice_last_pos_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(
+                "UPDATE appservice_stream_position SET stream_ordering = ?", (pos,)
+            )
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "set_appservice_last_pos", set_appservice_last_pos_txn
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_new_events_for_appservice(self, current_id, limit):
+        """Get all new evnets"""
+
+        def get_new_events_for_appservice_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT e.stream_ordering, e.event_id"
+                " FROM events AS e, appservice_stream_position AS a"
+                " WHERE a.stream_ordering < e.stream_ordering AND e.stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY e.stream_ordering ASC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (current_id, limit))
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+
+            upper_bound = current_id
+            if len(rows) == limit:
+                upper_bound = rows[-1][0]
+
+            return upper_bound, [row[1] for row in rows]
+
+        upper_bound, event_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_new_events_for_appservice", get_new_events_for_appservice_txn,
+        )
+
+        events = yield self._get_events(event_ids)
+
+        defer.returnValue((upper_bound, events))
diff --git a/synapse/storage/directory.py b/synapse/storage/directory.py
index ef231a04d..9caaf81f2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/directory.py
@@ -82,32 +82,39 @@ class DirectoryStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred
         """
-        try:
-            yield self._simple_insert(
+        def alias_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
                 "room_aliases",
                 {
                     "room_alias": room_alias.to_string(),
                     "room_id": room_id,
                     "creator": creator,
                 },
-                desc="create_room_alias_association",
+            )
+
+            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="room_alias_servers",
+                values=[{
+                    "room_alias": room_alias.to_string(),
+                    "server": server,
+                } for server in servers],
+            )
+
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (room_id,)
+            )
+
+        try:
+            ret = yield self.runInteraction(
+                "create_room_alias_association", alias_txn
             )
         except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
             raise SynapseError(
                 409, "Room alias %s already exists" % room_alias.to_string()
             )
-
-        for server in servers:
-            # TODO(erikj): Fix this to bulk insert
-            yield self._simple_insert(
-                "room_alias_servers",
-                {
-                    "room_alias": room_alias.to_string(),
-                    "server": server,
-                },
-                desc="create_room_alias_association",
-            )
-        self.get_aliases_for_room.invalidate((room_id,))
+        defer.returnValue(ret)
 
     def get_room_alias_creator(self, room_alias):
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events.py b/synapse/storage/events.py
index d2feee8db..ad026b5e0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events.py
@@ -600,7 +600,8 @@ class EventsStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "rejections",
                 "redactions",
                 "room_memberships",
-                "state_events"
+                "state_events",
+                "topics"
             ):
                 txn.executemany(
                     "DELETE FROM %s WHERE event_id = ?" % (table,),
diff --git a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
index 8801669a6..b94ce7bea 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # Remember to update this number every time a change is made to database
 # schema files, so the users will be informed on server restarts.
-SCHEMA_VERSION = 33
+SCHEMA_VERSION = 34
 
 dir_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/presence.py b/synapse/storage/presence.py
index d03f7c541..21d069664 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/presence.py
@@ -189,18 +189,30 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="add_presence_list_pending",
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_presence_list_accepted(self, observer_localpart, observed_userid):
-        result = yield self._simple_update_one(
-            table="presence_list",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": observer_localpart,
-                       "observed_user_id": observed_userid},
-            updatevalues={"accepted": True},
-            desc="set_presence_list_accepted",
+        def update_presence_list_txn(txn):
+            result = self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="presence_list",
+                keyvalues={
+                    "user_id": observer_localpart,
+                    "observed_user_id": observed_userid
+                },
+                updatevalues={"accepted": True},
+            )
+
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.get_presence_list_accepted, (observer_localpart,)
+            )
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.get_presence_list_observers_accepted, (observed_userid,)
+            )
+
+            return result
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "set_presence_list_accepted", update_presence_list_txn,
         )
-        self.get_presence_list_accepted.invalidate((observer_localpart,))
-        self.get_presence_list_observers_accepted.invalidate((observed_userid,))
-        defer.returnValue(result)
 
     def get_presence_list(self, observer_localpart, accepted=None):
         if accepted:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/registration.py b/synapse/storage/registration.py
index 7e7d32eb6..e404fa72d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/registration.py
@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ class RegistrationStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
             desc="add_refresh_token_to_user",
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def register(self, user_id, token=None, password_hash=None,
                  was_guest=False, make_guest=False, appservice_id=None,
                  create_profile_with_localpart=None, admin=False):
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         Raises:
             StoreError if the user_id could not be registered.
         """
-        yield self.runInteraction(
+        return self.runInteraction(
             "register",
             self._register,
             user_id,
@@ -127,8 +126,6 @@ class RegistrationStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
             create_profile_with_localpart,
             admin
         )
-        self.get_user_by_id.invalidate((user_id,))
-        self.is_guest.invalidate((user_id,))
 
     def _register(
         self,
@@ -210,6 +207,11 @@ class RegistrationStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 (create_profile_with_localpart,)
             )
 
+        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+            txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,)
+        )
+        txn.call_after(self.is_guest.invalidate, (user_id,))
+
     @cached()
     def get_user_by_id(self, user_id):
         return self._simple_select_one(
@@ -236,22 +238,31 @@ class RegistrationStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         return self.runInteraction("get_users_by_id_case_insensitive", f)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_set_password_hash(self, user_id, password_hash):
         """
         NB. This does *not* evict any cache because the one use for this
             removes most of the entries subsequently anyway so it would be
             pointless. Use flush_user separately.
         """
-        yield self._simple_update_one('users', {
-            'name': user_id
-        }, {
-            'password_hash': password_hash
-        })
-        self.get_user_by_id.invalidate((user_id,))
+        def user_set_password_hash_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                'users', {
+                    'name': user_id
+                },
+                {
+                    'password_hash': password_hash
+                }
+            )
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,)
+            )
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "user_set_password_hash", user_set_password_hash_txn
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def user_delete_access_tokens(self, user_id, except_token_ids=[],
+    def user_delete_access_tokens(self, user_id, except_token_id=None,
                                   device_id=None,
                                   delete_refresh_tokens=False):
         """
@@ -259,7 +270,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         Args:
             user_id (str):  ID of user the tokens belong to
-            except_token_ids (list[str]): list of access_tokens which should
+            except_token_id (str): list of access_tokens IDs which should
                 *not* be deleted
             device_id (str|None):  ID of device the tokens are associated with.
                 If None, tokens associated with any device (or no device) will
@@ -269,53 +280,45 @@ class RegistrationStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred:
         """
-        def f(txn, table, except_tokens, call_after_delete):
-            sql = "SELECT token FROM %s WHERE user_id = ?" % table
-            clauses = [user_id]
-
+        def f(txn):
+            keyvalues = {
+                "user_id": user_id,
+            }
             if device_id is not None:
-                sql += " AND device_id = ?"
-                clauses.append(device_id)
+                keyvalues["device_id"] = device_id
 
-            if except_tokens:
-                sql += " AND id NOT IN (%s)" % (
-                    ",".join(["?" for _ in except_tokens]),
-                )
-                clauses += except_tokens
-
-            txn.execute(sql, clauses)
-
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-
-            n = 100
-            chunks = [rows[i:i + n] for i in xrange(0, len(rows), n)]
-            for chunk in chunks:
-                if call_after_delete:
-                    for row in chunk:
-                        txn.call_after(call_after_delete, (row[0],))
-
-                txn.execute(
-                    "DELETE FROM %s WHERE token in (%s)" % (
-                        table,
-                        ",".join(["?" for _ in chunk]),
-                    ), [r[0] for r in chunk]
+            if delete_refresh_tokens:
+                self._simple_delete_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="refresh_tokens",
+                    keyvalues=keyvalues,
                 )
 
-        # delete refresh tokens first, to stop new access tokens being
-        # allocated while our backs are turned
-        if delete_refresh_tokens:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "user_delete_access_tokens", f,
-                table="refresh_tokens",
-                except_tokens=[],
-                call_after_delete=None,
+            items = keyvalues.items()
+            where_clause = " AND ".join(k + " = ?" for k, _ in items)
+            values = [v for _, v in items]
+            if except_token_id:
+                where_clause += " AND id != ?"
+                values.append(except_token_id)
+
+            txn.execute(
+                "SELECT token FROM access_tokens WHERE %s" % where_clause,
+                values
+            )
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            for row in rows:
+                self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                    txn, self.get_user_by_access_token, (row["token"],)
+                )
+
+            txn.execute(
+                "DELETE FROM access_tokens WHERE %s" % where_clause,
+                values
             )
 
         yield self.runInteraction(
             "user_delete_access_tokens", f,
-            table="access_tokens",
-            except_tokens=except_token_ids,
-            call_after_delete=self.get_user_by_access_token.invalidate,
         )
 
     def delete_access_token(self, access_token):
@@ -328,7 +331,9 @@ class RegistrationStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 },
             )
 
-            txn.call_after(self.get_user_by_access_token.invalidate, (access_token,))
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.get_user_by_access_token, (access_token,)
+            )
 
         return self.runInteraction("delete_access_token", f)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index 8bd693be7..a422ddf63 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -277,7 +277,6 @@ class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
             user_id, membership_list=[Membership.JOIN],
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def forget(self, user_id, room_id):
         """Indicate that user_id wishes to discard history for room_id."""
         def f(txn):
@@ -292,10 +291,13 @@ class RoomMemberStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "  room_id = ?"
             )
             txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id))
-        yield self.runInteraction("forget_membership", f)
-        self.was_forgotten_at.invalidate_all()
-        self.who_forgot_in_room.invalidate_all()
-        self.did_forget.invalidate((user_id, room_id))
+
+            txn.call_after(self.was_forgotten_at.invalidate_all)
+            txn.call_after(self.did_forget.invalidate, (user_id, room_id))
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.who_forgot_in_room, (room_id,)
+            )
+        return self.runInteraction("forget_membership", f)
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2)
     def did_forget(self, user_id, room_id):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/appservice_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/appservice_stream.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69e16eda0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/appservice_stream.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS appservice_stream_position(
+    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
+    stream_ordering BIGINT,
+    CHECK (Lock='X')
+);
+
+INSERT INTO appservice_stream_position (stream_ordering)
+    SELECT COALESCE(MAX(stream_ordering), 0) FROM events;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/cache_stream.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/cache_stream.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b63a1562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/cache_stream.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+
+import logging
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# This stream is used to notify replication slaves that some caches have
+# been invalidated that they cannot infer from the other streams.
+CREATE_TABLE = """
+CREATE TABLE cache_invalidation_stream (
+    stream_id       BIGINT,
+    cache_func      TEXT,
+    keys            TEXT[],
+    invalidation_ts BIGINT
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX cache_invalidation_stream_id ON cache_invalidation_stream(stream_id);
+"""
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    if not isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        return
+
+    for statement in get_statements(CREATE_TABLE.splitlines()):
+        cur.execute(statement)
+
+
+def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/push_display_name_rename.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/push_display_name_rename.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d9fe1a99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/push_display_name_rename.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+DELETE FROM push_rules WHERE rule_id = 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name';
+UPDATE push_rules SET rule_id = 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name' WHERE rule_id = 'global/underride/.m.rule.contains_display_name';
+
+DELETE FROM push_rules_enable WHERE rule_id = 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name';
+UPDATE push_rules_enable SET rule_id = 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name' WHERE rule_id = 'global/underride/.m.rule.contains_display_name';
diff --git a/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py b/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
index d6cc1881e..aa8cc5055 100644
--- a/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/appservice/test_appservice.py
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 from synapse.appservice import ApplicationService
 
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
 from mock import Mock
 from tests import unittest
 
@@ -42,20 +44,25 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             type="m.something", room_id="!foo:bar", sender="@someone:somewhere"
         )
 
+        self.store = Mock()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_regex_user_id_prefix_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
             _regex("@irc_.*")
         )
         self.event.sender = "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
-        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_interested(self.event))
+        self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(self.event)))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_regex_user_id_prefix_no_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
             _regex("@irc_.*")
         )
         self.event.sender = "@someone_else:matrix.org"
-        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_interested(self.event))
+        self.assertFalse((yield self.service.is_interested(self.event)))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_regex_room_member_is_checked(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
             _regex("@irc_.*")
@@ -63,30 +70,36 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.event.sender = "@someone_else:matrix.org"
         self.event.type = "m.room.member"
         self.event.state_key = "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
-        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_interested(self.event))
+        self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(self.event)))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_regex_room_id_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS].append(
             _regex("!some_prefix.*some_suffix:matrix.org")
         )
         self.event.room_id = "!some_prefixs0m3th1nGsome_suffix:matrix.org"
-        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_interested(self.event))
+        self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(self.event)))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_regex_room_id_no_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS].append(
             _regex("!some_prefix.*some_suffix:matrix.org")
         )
         self.event.room_id = "!XqBunHwQIXUiqCaoxq:matrix.org"
-        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_interested(self.event))
+        self.assertFalse((yield self.service.is_interested(self.event)))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_regex_alias_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
             _regex("#irc_.*:matrix.org")
         )
-        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_interested(
-            self.event,
-            aliases_for_event=["#irc_foobar:matrix.org", "#athing:matrix.org"]
-        ))
+        self.store.get_aliases_for_room.return_value = [
+            "#irc_foobar:matrix.org", "#athing:matrix.org"
+        ]
+        self.store.get_users_in_room.return_value = []
+        self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(
+            self.event, self.store
+        )))
 
     def test_non_exclusive_alias(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
@@ -136,15 +149,20 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "!irc_foobar:matrix.org"
         ))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_regex_alias_no_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
             _regex("#irc_.*:matrix.org")
         )
-        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_interested(
-            self.event,
-            aliases_for_event=["#xmpp_foobar:matrix.org", "#athing:matrix.org"]
-        ))
+        self.store.get_aliases_for_room.return_value = [
+            "#xmpp_foobar:matrix.org", "#athing:matrix.org"
+        ]
+        self.store.get_users_in_room.return_value = []
+        self.assertFalse((yield self.service.is_interested(
+            self.event, self.store
+        )))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_regex_multiple_matches(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
             _regex("#irc_.*:matrix.org")
@@ -153,53 +171,13 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             _regex("@irc_.*")
         )
         self.event.sender = "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
-        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_interested(
-            self.event,
-            aliases_for_event=["#irc_barfoo:matrix.org"]
-        ))
-
-    def test_restrict_to_rooms(self):
-        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS].append(
-            _regex("!flibble_.*:matrix.org")
-        )
-        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            _regex("@irc_.*")
-        )
-        self.event.sender = "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
-        self.event.room_id = "!wibblewoo:matrix.org"
-        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_interested(
-            self.event,
-            restrict_to=ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS
-        ))
-
-    def test_restrict_to_aliases(self):
-        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
-            _regex("#xmpp_.*:matrix.org")
-        )
-        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            _regex("@irc_.*")
-        )
-        self.event.sender = "@irc_foobar:matrix.org"
-        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_interested(
-            self.event,
-            restrict_to=ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES,
-            aliases_for_event=["#irc_barfoo:matrix.org"]
-        ))
-
-    def test_restrict_to_senders(self):
-        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES].append(
-            _regex("#xmpp_.*:matrix.org")
-        )
-        self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
-            _regex("@irc_.*")
-        )
-        self.event.sender = "@xmpp_foobar:matrix.org"
-        self.assertFalse(self.service.is_interested(
-            self.event,
-            restrict_to=ApplicationService.NS_USERS,
-            aliases_for_event=["#xmpp_barfoo:matrix.org"]
-        ))
+        self.store.get_aliases_for_room.return_value = ["#irc_barfoo:matrix.org"]
+        self.store.get_users_in_room.return_value = []
+        self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(
+            self.event, self.store
+        )))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_interested_in_self(self):
         # make sure invites get through
         self.service.sender = "@appservice:name"
@@ -211,20 +189,21 @@ class ApplicationServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "membership": "invite"
         }
         self.event.state_key = self.service.sender
-        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_interested(self.event))
+        self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(self.event)))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_member_list_match(self):
         self.service.namespaces[ApplicationService.NS_USERS].append(
             _regex("@irc_.*")
         )
-        join_list = [
+        self.store.get_users_in_room.return_value = [
             "@alice:here",
             "@irc_fo:here",  # AS user
             "@bob:here",
         ]
+        self.store.get_aliases_for_room.return_value = []
 
         self.event.sender = "@xmpp_foobar:matrix.org"
-        self.assertTrue(self.service.is_interested(
-            event=self.event,
-            member_list=join_list
-        ))
+        self.assertTrue((yield self.service.is_interested(
+            event=self.event, store=self.store
+        )))
diff --git a/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py b/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py
index 631a22933..e5a902f73 100644
--- a/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py
+++ b/tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceSchedulerQueuerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.txn_ctrl = Mock()
-        self.queuer = _ServiceQueuer(self.txn_ctrl)
+        self.queuer = _ServiceQueuer(self.txn_ctrl, MockClock())
 
     def test_send_single_event_no_queue(self):
         # Expect the event to be sent immediately.
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py b/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py
index a884c95f8..7fe88172c 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_appservice.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 from .. import unittest
+from tests.utils import MockClock
 
 from synapse.handlers.appservice import ApplicationServicesHandler
 
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ class AppServiceHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         hs.get_datastore = Mock(return_value=self.mock_store)
         hs.get_application_service_api = Mock(return_value=self.mock_as_api)
         hs.get_application_service_scheduler = Mock(return_value=self.mock_scheduler)
+        hs.get_clock.return_value = MockClock()
         self.handler = ApplicationServicesHandler(hs)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -51,8 +53,9 @@ class AppServiceHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             type="m.room.message",
             room_id="!foo:bar"
         )
+        self.mock_store.get_new_events_for_appservice.return_value = (0, [event])
         self.mock_as_api.push = Mock()
-        yield self.handler.notify_interested_services(event)
+        yield self.handler.notify_interested_services(0)
         self.mock_scheduler.submit_event_for_as.assert_called_once_with(
             interested_service, event
         )
@@ -72,7 +75,8 @@ class AppServiceHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
         self.mock_as_api.push = Mock()
         self.mock_as_api.query_user = Mock()
-        yield self.handler.notify_interested_services(event)
+        self.mock_store.get_new_events_for_appservice.return_value = (0, [event])
+        yield self.handler.notify_interested_services(0)
         self.mock_as_api.query_user.assert_called_once_with(
             services[0], user_id
         )
@@ -94,7 +98,8 @@ class AppServiceHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
         self.mock_as_api.push = Mock()
         self.mock_as_api.query_user = Mock()
-        yield self.handler.notify_interested_services(event)
+        self.mock_store.get_new_events_for_appservice.return_value = (0, [event])
+        yield self.handler.notify_interested_services(0)
         self.assertFalse(
             self.mock_as_api.query_user.called,
             "query_user called when it shouldn't have been."
@@ -108,11 +113,11 @@ class AppServiceHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         room_id = "!alpha:bet"
         servers = ["aperture"]
-        interested_service = self._mkservice(is_interested=True)
+        interested_service = self._mkservice_alias(is_interested_in_alias=True)
         services = [
-            self._mkservice(is_interested=False),
+            self._mkservice_alias(is_interested_in_alias=False),
             interested_service,
-            self._mkservice(is_interested=False)
+            self._mkservice_alias(is_interested_in_alias=False)
         ]
 
         self.mock_store.get_app_services = Mock(return_value=services)
@@ -135,3 +140,10 @@ class AppServiceHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         service.token = "mock_service_token"
         service.url = "mock_service_url"
         return service
+
+    def _mkservice_alias(self, is_interested_in_alias):
+        service = Mock()
+        service.is_interested_in_alias = Mock(return_value=is_interested_in_alias)
+        service.token = "mock_service_token"
+        service.url = "mock_service_url"
+        return service
diff --git a/tests/test_preview.py b/tests/test_preview.py
index 2a801173a..c8d6525a0 100644
--- a/tests/test_preview.py
+++ b/tests/test_preview.py
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@
 
 from . import unittest
 
-from synapse.rest.media.v1.preview_url_resource import summarize_paragraphs
+from synapse.rest.media.v1.preview_url_resource import (
+    summarize_paragraphs, decode_and_calc_og
+)
 
 
 class PreviewTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -137,3 +139,79 @@ class PreviewTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             " of old wooden houses in Northern Norway, the oldest house dating from"
             " 1789. The Arctic Cathedral, a modern church…"
         )
+
+
+class PreviewUrlTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_simple(self):
+        html = """
+        <html>
+        <head><title>Foo</title></head>
+        <body>
+        Some text.
+        </body>
+        </html>
+        """
+
+        og = decode_and_calc_og(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+
+        self.assertEquals(og, {
+            "og:title": "Foo",
+            "og:description": "Some text."
+        })
+
+    def test_comment(self):
+        html = """
+        <html>
+        <head><title>Foo</title></head>
+        <body>
+        <!-- HTML comment -->
+        Some text.
+        </body>
+        </html>
+        """
+
+        og = decode_and_calc_og(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+
+        self.assertEquals(og, {
+            "og:title": "Foo",
+            "og:description": "Some text."
+        })
+
+    def test_comment2(self):
+        html = """
+        <html>
+        <head><title>Foo</title></head>
+        <body>
+        Some text.
+        <!-- HTML comment -->
+        Some more text.
+        <p>Text</p>
+        More text
+        </body>
+        </html>
+        """
+
+        og = decode_and_calc_og(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+
+        self.assertEquals(og, {
+            "og:title": "Foo",
+            "og:description": "Some text.\n\nSome more text.\n\nText\n\nMore text"
+        })
+
+    def test_script(self):
+        html = """
+        <html>
+        <head><title>Foo</title></head>
+        <body>
+        <script> (function() {})() </script>
+        Some text.
+        </body>
+        </html>
+        """
+
+        og = decode_and_calc_og(html, "http://example.com/test.html")
+
+        self.assertEquals(og, {
+            "og:title": "Foo",
+            "og:description": "Some text."
+        })