diff --git a/changelog.d/9091.feature b/changelog.d/9091.feature
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79fcd701f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/9091.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+During user-interactive authentication via single-sign-on, give a better error if the user uses the wrong account on the SSO IdP.
diff --git a/docs/sample_config.yaml b/docs/sample_config.yaml
index c8ae46d1b..9da351f9f 100644
--- a/docs/sample_config.yaml
+++ b/docs/sample_config.yaml
@@ -1969,6 +1969,14 @@ sso:
     #
     #   This template has no additional variables.
     #
+    # * HTML page shown after a user-interactive authentication session which
+    #   does not map correctly onto the expected user: 'sso_auth_bad_user.html'.
+    #
+    #   When rendering, this template is given the following variables:
+    #     * server_name: the homeserver's name.
+    #     * user_id_to_verify: the MXID of the user that we are trying to
+    #       validate.
+    #
     # * HTML page shown during single sign-on if a deactivated user (according to Synapse's database)
     #   attempts to login: 'sso_account_deactivated.html'.
     #
diff --git a/synapse/config/sso.py b/synapse/config/sso.py
index 1aeb1c5c9..366f0d469 100644
--- a/synapse/config/sso.py
+++ b/synapse/config/sso.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ class SSOConfig(Config):
             self.sso_error_template,
             sso_account_deactivated_template,
             sso_auth_success_template,
+            self.sso_auth_bad_user_template,
         ) = self.read_templates(
             [
                 "sso_login_idp_picker.html",
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ class SSOConfig(Config):
                 "sso_error.html",
                 "sso_account_deactivated.html",
                 "sso_auth_success.html",
+                "sso_auth_bad_user.html",
             ],
             template_dir,
         )
@@ -160,6 +162,14 @@ class SSOConfig(Config):
             #
             #   This template has no additional variables.
             #
+            # * HTML page shown after a user-interactive authentication session which
+            #   does not map correctly onto the expected user: 'sso_auth_bad_user.html'.
+            #
+            #   When rendering, this template is given the following variables:
+            #     * server_name: the homeserver's name.
+            #     * user_id_to_verify: the MXID of the user that we are trying to
+            #       validate.
+            #
             # * HTML page shown during single sign-on if a deactivated user (according to Synapse's database)
             #   attempts to login: 'sso_account_deactivated.html'.
             #
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index 4f881a439..18cd2b62f 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -263,10 +263,6 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         # authenticating for an operation to occur on their account.
         self._sso_auth_confirm_template = hs.config.sso_auth_confirm_template
 
-        # The following template is shown after a successful user interactive
-        # authentication session. It tells the user they can close the window.
-        self._sso_auth_success_template = hs.config.sso_auth_success_template
-
         # The following template is shown during the SSO authentication process if
         # the account is deactivated.
         self._sso_account_deactivated_template = (
@@ -1394,27 +1390,6 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             description=session.description, redirect_url=redirect_url,
         )
 
-    async def complete_sso_ui_auth(
-        self, registered_user_id: str, session_id: str, request: Request,
-    ):
-        """Having figured out a mxid for this user, complete the HTTP request
-
-        Args:
-            registered_user_id: The registered user ID to complete SSO login for.
-            session_id: The ID of the user-interactive auth session.
-            request: The request to complete.
-        """
-        # Mark the stage of the authentication as successful.
-        # Save the user who authenticated with SSO, this will be used to ensure
-        # that the account be modified is also the person who logged in.
-        await self.store.mark_ui_auth_stage_complete(
-            session_id, LoginType.SSO, registered_user_id
-        )
-
-        # Render the HTML and return.
-        html = self._sso_auth_success_template
-        respond_with_html(request, 200, html)
-
     async def complete_sso_login(
         self,
         registered_user_id: str,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sso.py b/synapse/handlers/sso.py
index d096e0b09..dcc85e987 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sso.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sso.py
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ from typing_extensions import NoReturn, Protocol
 
 from twisted.web.http import Request
 
+from synapse.api.constants import LoginType
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, RedirectException, SynapseError
+from synapse.handlers.ui_auth import UIAuthSessionDataConstants
 from synapse.http import get_request_user_agent
 from synapse.http.server import respond_with_html
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
@@ -146,8 +148,13 @@ class SsoHandler:
         self._store = hs.get_datastore()
         self._server_name = hs.hostname
         self._registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
-        self._error_template = hs.config.sso_error_template
         self._auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
+        self._error_template = hs.config.sso_error_template
+        self._bad_user_template = hs.config.sso_auth_bad_user_template
+
+        # The following template is shown after a successful user interactive
+        # authentication session. It tells the user they can close the window.
+        self._sso_auth_success_template = hs.config.sso_auth_success_template
 
         # a lock on the mappings
         self._mapping_lock = Linearizer(name="sso_user_mapping", clock=hs.get_clock())
@@ -577,20 +584,46 @@ class SsoHandler:
             auth_provider_id, remote_user_id,
         )
 
+        user_id_to_verify = await self._auth_handler.get_session_data(
+            ui_auth_session_id, UIAuthSessionDataConstants.REQUEST_USER_ID
+        )  # type: str
+
         if not user_id:
             logger.warning(
                 "Remote user %s/%s has not previously logged in here: UIA will fail",
                 auth_provider_id,
                 remote_user_id,
             )
-            # Let the UIA flow handle this the same as if they presented creds for a
-            # different user.
-            user_id = ""
+        elif user_id != user_id_to_verify:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Remote user %s/%s mapped onto incorrect user %s: UIA will fail",
+                auth_provider_id,
+                remote_user_id,
+                user_id,
+            )
+        else:
+            # success!
+            # Mark the stage of the authentication as successful.
+            await self._store.mark_ui_auth_stage_complete(
+                ui_auth_session_id, LoginType.SSO, user_id
+            )
 
-        await self._auth_handler.complete_sso_ui_auth(
-            user_id, ui_auth_session_id, request
+            # Render the HTML confirmation page and return.
+            html = self._sso_auth_success_template
+            respond_with_html(request, 200, html)
+            return
+
+        # the user_id didn't match: mark the stage of the authentication as unsuccessful
+        await self._store.mark_ui_auth_stage_complete(
+            ui_auth_session_id, LoginType.SSO, ""
         )
 
+        # render an error page.
+        html = self._bad_user_template.render(
+            server_name=self._server_name, user_id_to_verify=user_id_to_verify,
+        )
+        respond_with_html(request, 200, html)
+
     async def check_username_availability(
         self, localpart: str, session_id: str,
     ) -> bool:
diff --git a/synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_bad_user.html b/synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_bad_user.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3611191bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/res/templates/sso_auth_bad_user.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Authentication Failed</title>
+</head>
+    <body>
+        <div>
+            <p>
+                We were unable to validate your <tt>{{server_name | e}}</tt> account via
+                single-sign-on (SSO), because the SSO Identity Provider returned
+                different details than when you logged in.
+            </p>
+            <p>
+                Try the operation again, and ensure that you use the same details on
+                the Identity Provider as when you log into your account.
+            </p>
+        </div>
+    </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py
index 5f6ca23b0..50630106a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_auth.py
@@ -457,3 +457,30 @@ class UIAuthTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertIn({"stages": ["m.login.password"]}, flows)
         self.assertIn({"stages": ["m.login.sso"]}, flows)
         self.assertEqual(len(flows), 2)
+
+    @skip_unless(HAS_OIDC, "requires OIDC")
+    @override_config({"oidc_config": TEST_OIDC_CONFIG})
+    def test_ui_auth_fails_for_incorrect_sso_user(self):
+        """If the user tries to authenticate with the wrong SSO user, they get an error
+        """
+        # log the user in
+        login_resp = self.helper.login_via_oidc(UserID.from_string(self.user).localpart)
+        self.assertEqual(login_resp["user_id"], self.user)
+
+        # start a UI Auth flow by attempting to delete a device
+        channel = self.delete_device(self.user_tok, self.device_id, 401)
+
+        flows = channel.json_body["flows"]
+        self.assertIn({"stages": ["m.login.sso"]}, flows)
+        session_id = channel.json_body["session"]
+
+        # do the OIDC auth, but auth as the wrong user
+        channel = self.helper.auth_via_oidc("wrong_user", ui_auth_session_id=session_id)
+
+        # that should return a failure message
+        self.assertSubstring("We were unable to validate", channel.text_body)
+
+        # ... and the delete op should now fail with a 403
+        self.delete_device(
+            self.user_tok, self.device_id, 403, body={"auth": {"session": session_id}}
+        )