forked-synapse/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from ._base import SQLBaseStore
from twisted.internet import defer
from synapse.util.async import sleep
from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken
from .stream import lower_bound

import logging
import ujson as json

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


DEFAULT_NOTIF_ACTION = ["notify", {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": False}]
DEFAULT_HIGHLIGHT_ACTION = [
    "notify", {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default"}, {"set_tweak": "highlight"}
]


def _serialize_action(actions, is_highlight):
    """Custom serializer for actions. This allows us to "compress" common actions.

    We use the fact that most users have the same actions for notifs (and for
    highlights).
    We store these default actions as the empty string rather than the full JSON.
    Since the empty string isn't valid JSON there is no risk of this clashing with
    any real JSON actions
    """
    if is_highlight:
        if actions == DEFAULT_HIGHLIGHT_ACTION:
            return ""  # We use empty string as the column is non-NULL
    else:
        if actions == DEFAULT_NOTIF_ACTION:
            return ""
    return json.dumps(actions)


def _deserialize_action(actions, is_highlight):
    """Custom deserializer for actions. This allows us to "compress" common actions
    """
    if actions:
        return json.loads(actions)

    if is_highlight:
        return DEFAULT_HIGHLIGHT_ACTION
    else:
        return DEFAULT_NOTIF_ACTION


class EventPushActionsStore(SQLBaseStore):
    EPA_HIGHLIGHT_INDEX = "epa_highlight_index"

    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
        super(EventPushActionsStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)

        self.register_background_index_update(
            self.EPA_HIGHLIGHT_INDEX,
            index_name="event_push_actions_u_highlight",
            table="event_push_actions",
            columns=["user_id", "stream_ordering"],
        )

        self.register_background_index_update(
            "event_push_actions_highlights_index",
            index_name="event_push_actions_highlights_index",
            table="event_push_actions",
            columns=["user_id", "room_id", "topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"],
            where_clause="highlight=1"
        )

        self._doing_notif_rotation = False
        self._rotate_notif_loop = self._clock.looping_call(
            self._rotate_notifs, 30 * 60 * 1000
        )

    def _set_push_actions_for_event_and_users_txn(self, txn, event):
        """
        Args:
            event: the event set actions for
            tuples: list of tuples of (user_id, actions)
        """

        sql = """
            INSERT INTO event_push_actions (
                room_id, event_id, user_id, actions, stream_ordering,
                topological_ordering, notif, highlight
            )
            SELECT ?, event_id, user_id, actions, ?, ?, notif, highlight
            FROM event_push_actions_staging
            WHERE event_id = ?
        """

        txn.execute(sql, (
            event.room_id, event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
            event.depth, event.event_id,
        ))

        user_ids = self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
            txn,
            table="event_push_actions_staging",
            keyvalues={
                "event_id": event.event_id,
            },
            retcol="user_id",
        )

        self._simple_delete_txn(
            txn,
            table="event_push_actions_staging",
            keyvalues={
                "event_id": event.event_id,
            },
        )

        for uid in user_ids:
            txn.call_after(
                self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
                (event.room_id, uid,)
            )

    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=3, tree=True, max_entries=5000)
    def get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user(
            self, room_id, user_id, last_read_event_id
    ):
        ret = yield self.runInteraction(
            "get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room",
            self._get_unread_counts_by_receipt_txn,
            room_id, user_id, last_read_event_id
        )
        defer.returnValue(ret)

    def _get_unread_counts_by_receipt_txn(self, txn, room_id, user_id,
                                          last_read_event_id):
        sql = (
            "SELECT stream_ordering, topological_ordering"
            " FROM events"
            " WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id = ?"
        )
        txn.execute(
            sql, (room_id, last_read_event_id)
        )
        results = txn.fetchall()
        if len(results) == 0:
            return {"notify_count": 0, "highlight_count": 0}

        stream_ordering = results[0][0]
        topological_ordering = results[0][1]

        return self._get_unread_counts_by_pos_txn(
            txn, room_id, user_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering
        )

    def _get_unread_counts_by_pos_txn(self, txn, room_id, user_id, topological_ordering,
                                      stream_ordering):
        token = RoomStreamToken(
            topological_ordering, stream_ordering
        )

        # First get number of notifications.
        # We don't need to put a notif=1 clause as all rows always have
        # notif=1
        sql = (
            "SELECT count(*)"
            " FROM event_push_actions ea"
            " WHERE"
            " user_id = ?"
            " AND room_id = ?"
            " AND %s"
        ) % (lower_bound(token, self.database_engine, inclusive=False),)

        txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id))
        row = txn.fetchone()
        notify_count = row[0] if row else 0

        txn.execute("""
            SELECT notif_count FROM event_push_summary
            WHERE room_id = ? AND user_id = ? AND stream_ordering > ?
        """, (room_id, user_id, stream_ordering,))
        rows = txn.fetchall()
        if rows:
            notify_count += rows[0][0]

        # Now get the number of highlights
        sql = (
            "SELECT count(*)"
            " FROM event_push_actions ea"
            " WHERE"
            " highlight = 1"
            " AND user_id = ?"
            " AND room_id = ?"
            " AND %s"
        ) % (lower_bound(token, self.database_engine, inclusive=False),)

        txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id))
        row = txn.fetchone()
        highlight_count = row[0] if row else 0

        return {
            "notify_count": notify_count,
            "highlight_count": highlight_count,
        }

    @defer.inlineCallbacks
    def get_push_action_users_in_range(self, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering):
        def f(txn):
            sql = (
                "SELECT DISTINCT(user_id) FROM event_push_actions WHERE"
                " stream_ordering >= ? AND stream_ordering <= ?"
            )
            txn.execute(sql, (min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering))
            return [r[0] for r in txn]
        ret = yield self.runInteraction("get_push_action_users_in_range", f)
        defer.returnValue(ret)

    @defer.inlineCallbacks
    def get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_for_http(
        self, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit=20
    ):
        """Get a list of the most recent unread push actions for a given user,
        within the given stream ordering range. Called by the httppusher.

        Args:
            user_id (str): The user to fetch push actions for.
            min_stream_ordering(int): The exclusive lower bound on the
                stream ordering of event push actions to fetch.
            max_stream_ordering(int): The inclusive upper bound on the
                stream ordering of event push actions to fetch.
            limit (int): The maximum number of rows to return.
        Returns:
            A promise which resolves to a list of dicts with the keys "event_id",
            "room_id", "stream_ordering", "actions".
            The list will be ordered by ascending stream_ordering.
            The list will have between 0~limit entries.
        """
        # find rooms that have a read receipt in them and return the next
        # push actions
        def get_after_receipt(txn):
            # find rooms that have a read receipt in them and return the next
            # push actions
            sql = (
                "SELECT ep.event_id, ep.room_id, ep.stream_ordering, ep.actions,"
                "   ep.highlight "
                " FROM ("
                "   SELECT room_id,"
                "       MAX(topological_ordering) as topological_ordering,"
                "       MAX(stream_ordering) as stream_ordering"
                "   FROM events"
                "   INNER JOIN receipts_linearized USING (room_id, event_id)"
                "   WHERE receipt_type = 'm.read' AND user_id = ?"
                "   GROUP BY room_id"
                ") AS rl,"
                " event_push_actions AS ep"
                " WHERE"
                "   ep.room_id = rl.room_id"
                "   AND ("
                "       ep.topological_ordering > rl.topological_ordering"
                "       OR ("
                "           ep.topological_ordering = rl.topological_ordering"
                "           AND ep.stream_ordering > rl.stream_ordering"
                "       )"
                "   )"
                "   AND ep.user_id = ?"
                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > ?"
                "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering ASC LIMIT ?"
            )
            args = [
                user_id, user_id,
                min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit,
            ]
            txn.execute(sql, args)
            return txn.fetchall()
        after_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
            "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_http_arr", get_after_receipt
        )

        # There are rooms with push actions in them but you don't have a read receipt in
        # them e.g. rooms you've been invited to, so get push actions for rooms which do
        # not have read receipts in them too.
        def get_no_receipt(txn):
            sql = (
                "SELECT ep.event_id, ep.room_id, ep.stream_ordering, ep.actions,"
                "   ep.highlight "
                " FROM event_push_actions AS ep"
                " INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)"
                " WHERE"
                "   ep.room_id NOT IN ("
                "     SELECT room_id FROM receipts_linearized"
                "       WHERE receipt_type = 'm.read' AND user_id = ?"
                "       GROUP BY room_id"
                "   )"
                "   AND ep.user_id = ?"
                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > ?"
                "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering ASC LIMIT ?"
            )
            args = [
                user_id, user_id,
                min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit,
            ]
            txn.execute(sql, args)
            return txn.fetchall()
        no_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
            "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_http_nrr", get_no_receipt
        )

        notifs = [
            {
                "event_id": row[0],
                "room_id": row[1],
                "stream_ordering": row[2],
                "actions": _deserialize_action(row[3], row[4]),
            } for row in after_read_receipt + no_read_receipt
        ]

        # Now sort it so it's ordered correctly, since currently it will
        # contain results from the first query, correctly ordered, followed
        # by results from the second query, but we want them all ordered
        # by stream_ordering, oldest first.
        notifs.sort(key=lambda r: r['stream_ordering'])

        # Take only up to the limit. We have to stop at the limit because
        # one of the subqueries may have hit the limit.
        defer.returnValue(notifs[:limit])

    @defer.inlineCallbacks
    def get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_for_email(
        self, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit=20
    ):
        """Get a list of the most recent unread push actions for a given user,
        within the given stream ordering range. Called by the emailpusher

        Args:
            user_id (str): The user to fetch push actions for.
            min_stream_ordering(int): The exclusive lower bound on the
                stream ordering of event push actions to fetch.
            max_stream_ordering(int): The inclusive upper bound on the
                stream ordering of event push actions to fetch.
            limit (int): The maximum number of rows to return.
        Returns:
            A promise which resolves to a list of dicts with the keys "event_id",
            "room_id", "stream_ordering", "actions", "received_ts".
            The list will be ordered by descending received_ts.
            The list will have between 0~limit entries.
        """
        # find rooms that have a read receipt in them and return the most recent
        # push actions
        def get_after_receipt(txn):
            sql = (
                "SELECT ep.event_id, ep.room_id, ep.stream_ordering, ep.actions,"
                "  ep.highlight, e.received_ts"
                " FROM ("
                "   SELECT room_id,"
                "       MAX(topological_ordering) as topological_ordering,"
                "       MAX(stream_ordering) as stream_ordering"
                "   FROM events"
                "   INNER JOIN receipts_linearized USING (room_id, event_id)"
                "   WHERE receipt_type = 'm.read' AND user_id = ?"
                "   GROUP BY room_id"
                ") AS rl,"
                " event_push_actions AS ep"
                " INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)"
                " WHERE"
                "   ep.room_id = rl.room_id"
                "   AND ("
                "       ep.topological_ordering > rl.topological_ordering"
                "       OR ("
                "           ep.topological_ordering = rl.topological_ordering"
                "           AND ep.stream_ordering > rl.stream_ordering"
                "       )"
                "   )"
                "   AND ep.user_id = ?"
                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > ?"
                "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering DESC LIMIT ?"
            )
            args = [
                user_id, user_id,
                min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit,
            ]
            txn.execute(sql, args)
            return txn.fetchall()
        after_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
            "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_email_arr", get_after_receipt
        )

        # There are rooms with push actions in them but you don't have a read receipt in
        # them e.g. rooms you've been invited to, so get push actions for rooms which do
        # not have read receipts in them too.
        def get_no_receipt(txn):
            sql = (
                "SELECT ep.event_id, ep.room_id, ep.stream_ordering, ep.actions,"
                "   ep.highlight, e.received_ts"
                " FROM event_push_actions AS ep"
                " INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)"
                " WHERE"
                "   ep.room_id NOT IN ("
                "     SELECT room_id FROM receipts_linearized"
                "       WHERE receipt_type = 'm.read' AND user_id = ?"
                "       GROUP BY room_id"
                "   )"
                "   AND ep.user_id = ?"
                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > ?"
                "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering DESC LIMIT ?"
            )
            args = [
                user_id, user_id,
                min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit,
            ]
            txn.execute(sql, args)
            return txn.fetchall()
        no_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
            "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_email_nrr", get_no_receipt
        )

        # Make a list of dicts from the two sets of results.
        notifs = [
            {
                "event_id": row[0],
                "room_id": row[1],
                "stream_ordering": row[2],
                "actions": _deserialize_action(row[3], row[4]),
                "received_ts": row[5],
            } for row in after_read_receipt + no_read_receipt
        ]

        # Now sort it so it's ordered correctly, since currently it will
        # contain results from the first query, correctly ordered, followed
        # by results from the second query, but we want them all ordered
        # by received_ts (most recent first)
        notifs.sort(key=lambda r: -(r['received_ts'] or 0))

        # Now return the first `limit`
        defer.returnValue(notifs[:limit])

    @defer.inlineCallbacks
    def get_push_actions_for_user(self, user_id, before=None, limit=50,
                                  only_highlight=False):
        def f(txn):
            before_clause = ""
            if before:
                before_clause = "AND epa.stream_ordering < ?"
                args = [user_id, before, limit]
            else:
                args = [user_id, limit]

            if only_highlight:
                if len(before_clause) > 0:
                    before_clause += " "
                before_clause += "AND epa.highlight = 1"

            # NB. This assumes event_ids are globally unique since
            # it makes the query easier to index
            sql = (
                "SELECT epa.event_id, epa.room_id,"
                " epa.stream_ordering, epa.topological_ordering,"
                " epa.actions, epa.highlight, epa.profile_tag, e.received_ts"
                " FROM event_push_actions epa, events e"
                " WHERE epa.event_id = e.event_id"
                " AND epa.user_id = ? %s"
                " ORDER BY epa.stream_ordering DESC"
                " LIMIT ?"
                % (before_clause,)
            )
            txn.execute(sql, args)
            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)

        push_actions = yield self.runInteraction(
            "get_push_actions_for_user", f
        )
        for pa in push_actions:
            pa["actions"] = _deserialize_action(pa["actions"], pa["highlight"])
        defer.returnValue(push_actions)

    @defer.inlineCallbacks
    def get_time_of_last_push_action_before(self, stream_ordering):
        def f(txn):
            sql = (
                "SELECT e.received_ts"
                " FROM event_push_actions AS ep"
                " JOIN events e ON ep.room_id = e.room_id AND ep.event_id = e.event_id"
                " WHERE ep.stream_ordering > ?"
                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering ASC"
                " LIMIT 1"
            )
            txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering,))
            return txn.fetchone()
        result = yield self.runInteraction("get_time_of_last_push_action_before", f)
        defer.returnValue(result[0] if result else None)

    @defer.inlineCallbacks
    def get_latest_push_action_stream_ordering(self):
        def f(txn):
            txn.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM event_push_actions")
            return txn.fetchone()
        result = yield self.runInteraction(
            "get_latest_push_action_stream_ordering", f
        )
        defer.returnValue(result[0] or 0)

    def _remove_push_actions_for_event_id_txn(self, txn, room_id, event_id):
        # Sad that we have to blow away the cache for the whole room here
        txn.call_after(
            self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
            (room_id,)
        )
        txn.execute(
            "DELETE FROM event_push_actions WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id = ?",
            (room_id, event_id)
        )

    def _remove_old_push_actions_before_txn(self, txn, room_id, user_id,
                                            topological_ordering, stream_ordering):
        """
        Purges old push actions for a user and room before a given
        topological_ordering.

        We however keep a months worth of highlighted notifications, so that
        users can still get a list of recent highlights.

        Args:
            txn: The transcation
            room_id: Room ID to delete from
            user_id: user ID to delete for
            topological_ordering: The lowest topological ordering which will
                                  not be deleted.
        """
        txn.call_after(
            self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
            (room_id, user_id, )
        )

        # We need to join on the events table to get the received_ts for
        # event_push_actions and sqlite won't let us use a join in a delete so
        # we can't just delete where received_ts < x. Furthermore we can
        # only identify event_push_actions by a tuple of room_id, event_id
        # we we can't use a subquery.
        # Instead, we look up the stream ordering for the last event in that
        # room received before the threshold time and delete event_push_actions
        # in the room with a stream_odering before that.
        txn.execute(
            "DELETE FROM event_push_actions "
            " WHERE user_id = ? AND room_id = ? AND "
            " topological_ordering <= ?"
            " AND ((stream_ordering < ? AND highlight = 1) or highlight = 0)",
            (user_id, room_id, topological_ordering, self.stream_ordering_month_ago)
        )

        txn.execute("""
            DELETE FROM event_push_summary
            WHERE room_id = ? AND user_id = ? AND stream_ordering <= ?
        """, (room_id, user_id, stream_ordering))

    @defer.inlineCallbacks
    def _find_stream_orderings_for_times(self):
        yield self.runInteraction(
            "_find_stream_orderings_for_times",
            self._find_stream_orderings_for_times_txn
        )

    def _find_stream_orderings_for_times_txn(self, txn):
        logger.info("Searching for stream ordering 1 month ago")
        self.stream_ordering_month_ago = self._find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn(
            txn, self._clock.time_msec() - 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
        )
        logger.info(
            "Found stream ordering 1 month ago: it's %d",
            self.stream_ordering_month_ago
        )
        logger.info("Searching for stream ordering 1 day ago")
        self.stream_ordering_day_ago = self._find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn(
            txn, self._clock.time_msec() - 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
        )
        logger.info(
            "Found stream ordering 1 day ago: it's %d",
            self.stream_ordering_day_ago
        )

    def _find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn(self, txn, ts):
        """
        Find the stream_ordering of the first event that was received after
        a given timestamp. This is relatively slow as there is no index on
        received_ts but we can then use this to delete push actions before
        this.

        received_ts must necessarily be in the same order as stream_ordering
        and stream_ordering is indexed, so we manually binary search using
        stream_ordering
        """
        txn.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM events")
        max_stream_ordering = txn.fetchone()[0]

        if max_stream_ordering is None:
            return 0

        range_start = 0
        range_end = max_stream_ordering

        sql = (
            "SELECT received_ts FROM events"
            " WHERE stream_ordering > ?"
            " ORDER BY stream_ordering"
            " LIMIT 1"
        )

        while range_end - range_start > 1:
            middle = int((range_end + range_start) / 2)
            txn.execute(sql, (middle,))
            middle_ts = txn.fetchone()[0]
            if ts > middle_ts:
                range_start = middle
            else:
                range_end = middle

        return range_end

    @defer.inlineCallbacks
    def _rotate_notifs(self):
        if self._doing_notif_rotation or self.stream_ordering_day_ago is None:
            return
        self._doing_notif_rotation = True

        try:
            while True:
                logger.info("Rotating notifications")

                caught_up = yield self.runInteraction(
                    "_rotate_notifs",
                    self._rotate_notifs_txn
                )
                if caught_up:
                    break
                yield sleep(5)
        finally:
            self._doing_notif_rotation = False

    def _rotate_notifs_txn(self, txn):
        """Archives older notifications into event_push_summary. Returns whether
        the archiving process has caught up or not.
        """

        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
            txn,
            table="event_push_summary_stream_ordering",
            keyvalues={},
            retcol="stream_ordering",
        )

        # We don't to try and rotate millions of rows at once, so we cap the
        # maximum stream ordering we'll rotate before.
        txn.execute("""
            SELECT stream_ordering FROM event_push_actions
            WHERE stream_ordering > ?
            ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC LIMIT 1 OFFSET 50000
        """, (old_rotate_stream_ordering,))
        stream_row = txn.fetchone()
        if stream_row:
            offset_stream_ordering, = stream_row
            rotate_to_stream_ordering = min(
                self.stream_ordering_day_ago, offset_stream_ordering
            )
            caught_up = offset_stream_ordering >= self.stream_ordering_day_ago
        else:
            rotate_to_stream_ordering = self.stream_ordering_day_ago
            caught_up = True

        logger.info("Rotating notifications up to: %s", rotate_to_stream_ordering)

        self._rotate_notifs_before_txn(txn, rotate_to_stream_ordering)

        # We have caught up iff we were limited by `stream_ordering_day_ago`
        return caught_up

    def _rotate_notifs_before_txn(self, txn, rotate_to_stream_ordering):
        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
            txn,
            table="event_push_summary_stream_ordering",
            keyvalues={},
            retcol="stream_ordering",
        )

        # Calculate the new counts that should be upserted into event_push_summary
        sql = """
            SELECT user_id, room_id,
                coalesce(old.notif_count, 0) + upd.notif_count,
                upd.stream_ordering,
                old.user_id
            FROM (
                SELECT user_id, room_id, count(*) as notif_count,
                    max(stream_ordering) as stream_ordering
                FROM event_push_actions
                WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ?
                    AND highlight = 0
                GROUP BY user_id, room_id
            ) AS upd
            LEFT JOIN event_push_summary AS old USING (user_id, room_id)
        """

        txn.execute(sql, (old_rotate_stream_ordering, rotate_to_stream_ordering,))
        rows = txn.fetchall()

        logger.info("Rotating notifications, handling %d rows", len(rows))

        # If the `old.user_id` above is NULL then we know there isn't already an
        # entry in the table, so we simply insert it. Otherwise we update the
        # existing table.
        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
            txn,
            table="event_push_summary",
            values=[
                {
                    "user_id": row[0],
                    "room_id": row[1],
                    "notif_count": row[2],
                    "stream_ordering": row[3],
                }
                for row in rows if row[4] is None
            ]
        )

        txn.executemany(
            """
                UPDATE event_push_summary SET notif_count = ?, stream_ordering = ?
                WHERE user_id = ? AND room_id = ?
            """,
            ((row[2], row[3], row[0], row[1],) for row in rows if row[4] is not None)
        )

        txn.execute(
            "DELETE FROM event_push_actions"
            " WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ? AND highlight = 0",
            (old_rotate_stream_ordering, rotate_to_stream_ordering,)
        )

        logger.info("Rotating notifications, deleted %s push actions", txn.rowcount)

        txn.execute(
            "UPDATE event_push_summary_stream_ordering SET stream_ordering = ?",
            (rotate_to_stream_ordering,)
        )

    def add_push_actions_to_staging(self, event_id, user_id, actions):
        """Add the push actions for the user and event to the push
        action staging area.

        Args:
            event_id (str)
            user_id (str)
            actions (list[dict|str]): An action can either be a string or
                dict.

        Returns:
            Deferred
        """

        is_highlight = 1 if _action_has_highlight(actions) else 0

        return self._simple_insert(
            table="event_push_actions_staging",
            values={
                "event_id": event_id,
                "user_id": user_id,
                "actions": _serialize_action(actions, is_highlight),
                "notif": 1,
                "highlight": is_highlight,
            },
            desc="add_push_actions_to_staging",
        )

    def remove_push_actions_from_staging(self, event_id):
        """Called if we failed to persist the event to ensure that stale push
        actions don't build up in the DB

        Args:
            event_id (str)
        """

        return self._simple_delete(
            table="event_push_actions_staging",
            keyvalues={
                "event_id": event_id,
            },
            desc="remove_push_actions_from_staging",
        )


def _action_has_highlight(actions):
    for action in actions:
        try:
            if action.get("set_tweak", None) == "highlight":
                return action.get("value", True)
        except AttributeError:
            pass

    return False