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635 lines
23 KiB
ReStructuredText
635 lines
23 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. contents::
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Introduction
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============
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Matrix is an ambitious new ecosystem for open federated Instant Messaging and
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VoIP. The basics you need to know to get up and running are:
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- Everything in Matrix happens in a room. Rooms are distributed and do not
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exist on any single server. Rooms can be located using convenience aliases
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like ``#matrix:matrix.org`` or ``#test:localhost:8448``.
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- Matrix user IDs look like ``@matthew:matrix.org`` (although in the future
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you will normally refer to yourself and others using a 3PID: email
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address, phone number, etc rather than manipulating Matrix user IDs)
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The overall architecture is::
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client <----> homeserver <=====================> homeserver <----> client
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https://somewhere.org/_matrix https://elsewhere.net/_matrix
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``#matrix:matrix.org`` is the official support room for Matrix, and can be
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accessed by any client from https://matrix.org/blog/try-matrix-now or via IRC
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bridge at irc://irc.freenode.net/matrix.
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Synapse is currently in rapid development, but as of version 0.5 we believe it
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is sufficiently stable to be run as an internet-facing service for real usage!
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About Matrix
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============
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Matrix specifies a set of pragmatic RESTful HTTP JSON APIs as an open standard,
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which handle:
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- Creating and managing fully distributed chat rooms with no
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single points of control or failure
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- Eventually-consistent cryptographically secure synchronisation of room
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state across a global open network of federated servers and services
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- Sending and receiving extensible messages in a room with (optional)
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end-to-end encryption[1]
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- Inviting, joining, leaving, kicking, banning room members
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- Managing user accounts (registration, login, logout)
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- Using 3rd Party IDs (3PIDs) such as email addresses, phone numbers,
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Facebook accounts to authenticate, identify and discover users on Matrix.
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- Placing 1:1 VoIP and Video calls
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These APIs are intended to be implemented on a wide range of servers, services
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and clients, letting developers build messaging and VoIP functionality on top
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of the entirely open Matrix ecosystem rather than using closed or proprietary
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solutions. The hope is for Matrix to act as the building blocks for a new
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generation of fully open and interoperable messaging and VoIP apps for the
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internet.
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Synapse is a reference "homeserver" implementation of Matrix from the core
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development team at matrix.org, written in Python/Twisted for clarity and
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simplicity. It is intended to showcase the concept of Matrix and let folks see
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the spec in the context of a codebase and let you run your own homeserver and
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generally help bootstrap the ecosystem.
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In Matrix, every user runs one or more Matrix clients, which connect through to
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a Matrix homeserver which stores all their personal chat history and user
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account information - much as a mail client connects through to an IMAP/SMTP
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server. Just like email, you can either run your own Matrix homeserver and
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control and own your own communications and history or use one hosted by
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someone else (e.g. matrix.org) - there is no single point of control or
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mandatory service provider in Matrix, unlike WhatsApp, Facebook, Hangouts, etc.
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Synapse ships with two basic demo Matrix clients: webclient (a basic group chat
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web client demo implemented in AngularJS) and cmdclient (a basic Python
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command line utility which lets you easily see what the JSON APIs are up to).
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Meanwhile, iOS and Android SDKs and clients are available from:
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- https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-ios-sdk
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- https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-ios-kit
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- https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-ios-console
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- https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-android-sdk
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We'd like to invite you to join #matrix:matrix.org (via
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https://matrix.org/blog/try-matrix-now), run a homeserver, take a look at the
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Matrix spec at https://matrix.org/docs/spec and API docs at
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https://matrix.org/docs/api, experiment with the APIs and the demo clients, and
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report any bugs via https://matrix.org/jira.
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Thanks for using Matrix!
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[1] End-to-end encryption is currently in development - see https://matrix.org/git/olm
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Synapse Installation
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====================
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Synapse is the reference python/twisted Matrix homeserver implementation.
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System requirements:
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- POSIX-compliant system (tested on Linux & OS X)
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- Python 2.7
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- At least 512 MB RAM.
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Synapse is written in python but some of the libraries is uses are written in
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C. So before we can install synapse itself we need a working C compiler and the
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header files for python C extensions.
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Installing prerequisites on Ubuntu or Debian::
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sudo apt-get install build-essential python2.7-dev libffi-dev \
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python-pip python-setuptools sqlite3 \
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libssl-dev python-virtualenv libjpeg-dev libxslt1-dev
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Installing prerequisites on ArchLinux::
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sudo pacman -S base-devel python2 python-pip \
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python-setuptools python-virtualenv sqlite3
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Installing prerequisites on CentOS 7::
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sudo yum install libtiff-devel libjpeg-devel libzip-devel freetype-devel \
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lcms2-devel libwebp-devel tcl-devel tk-devel \
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python-virtualenv libffi-devel openssl-devel
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sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
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Installing prerequisites on Mac OS X::
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xcode-select --install
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sudo easy_install pip
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sudo pip install virtualenv
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Installing prerequisites on Raspbian::
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sudo apt-get install build-essential python2.7-dev libffi-dev \
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python-pip python-setuptools sqlite3 \
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libssl-dev python-virtualenv libjpeg-dev
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sudo pip install --upgrade pip
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sudo pip install --upgrade ndg-httpsclient
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sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv
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To install the synapse homeserver run::
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virtualenv -p python2.7 ~/.synapse
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source ~/.synapse/bin/activate
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pip install --upgrade setuptools
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pip install https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/tarball/master
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This installs synapse, along with the libraries it uses, into a virtual
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environment under ``~/.synapse``. Feel free to pick a different directory
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if you prefer.
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In case of problems, please see the _Troubleshooting section below.
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Alternatively, Silvio Fricke has contributed a Dockerfile to automate the
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above in Docker at https://registry.hub.docker.com/u/silviof/docker-matrix/.
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Also, Martin Giess has created an auto-deployment process with vagrant/ansible,
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tested with VirtualBox/AWS/DigitalOcean - see https://github.com/EMnify/matrix-synapse-auto-deploy
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for details.
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To set up your homeserver, run (in your virtualenv, as before)::
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cd ~/.synapse
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python -m synapse.app.homeserver \
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--server-name machine.my.domain.name \
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--config-path homeserver.yaml \
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--generate-config \
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--report-stats=[yes|no]
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...substituting your host and domain name as appropriate.
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This will generate you a config file that you can then customise, but it will
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also generate a set of keys for you. These keys will allow your Home Server to
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identify itself to other Home Servers, so don't lose or delete them. It would be
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wise to back them up somewhere safe. If, for whatever reason, you do need to
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change your Home Server's keys, you may find that other Home Servers have the
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old key cached. If you update the signing key, you should change the name of the
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key in the <server name>.signing.key file (the second word) to something different.
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By default, registration of new users is disabled. You can either enable
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registration in the config by specifying ``enable_registration: true``
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(it is then recommended to also set up CAPTCHA - see docs/CAPTCHA_SETUP), or
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you can use the command line to register new users::
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$ source ~/.synapse/bin/activate
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$ synctl start # if not already running
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$ register_new_matrix_user -c homeserver.yaml https://localhost:8448
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New user localpart: erikj
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Password:
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Confirm password:
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Success!
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For reliable VoIP calls to be routed via this homeserver, you MUST configure
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a TURN server. See docs/turn-howto.rst for details.
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Running Synapse
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===============
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To actually run your new homeserver, pick a working directory for Synapse to
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run (e.g. ``~/.synapse``), and::
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cd ~/.synapse
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source ./bin/activate
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synctl start
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Using PostgreSQL
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================
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As of Synapse 0.9, `PostgreSQL <http://www.postgresql.org>`_ is supported as an
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alternative to the `SQLite <http://sqlite.org/>`_ database that Synapse has
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traditionally used for convenience and simplicity.
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The advantages of Postgres include:
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* significant performance improvements due to the superior threading and
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caching model, smarter query optimiser
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* allowing the DB to be run on separate hardware
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* allowing basic active/backup high-availability with a "hot spare" synapse
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pointing at the same DB master, as well as enabling DB replication in
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synapse itself.
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The only disadvantage is that the code is relatively new as of April 2015 and
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may have a few regressions relative to SQLite.
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For information on how to install and use PostgreSQL, please see
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`docs/postgres.rst <docs/postgres.rst>`_.
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Platform Specific Instructions
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==============================
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Debian
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------
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Matrix provides official Debian packages via apt from http://matrix.org/packages/debian/.
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Note that these packages do not include a client - choose one from
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https://matrix.org/blog/try-matrix-now/ (or build your own with one of our SDKs :)
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Fedora
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------
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Oleg Girko provides Fedora RPMs at
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https://obs.infoserver.lv/project/monitor/matrix-synapse
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ArchLinux
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---------
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The quickest way to get up and running with ArchLinux is probably with Ivan
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Shapovalov's AUR package from
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https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/matrix-synapse/, which should pull in all
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the necessary dependencies.
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Alternatively, to install using pip a few changes may be needed as ArchLinux
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defaults to python 3, but synapse currently assumes python 2.7 by default:
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pip may be outdated (6.0.7-1 and needs to be upgraded to 6.0.8-1 )::
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sudo pip2.7 install --upgrade pip
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You also may need to explicitly specify python 2.7 again during the install
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request::
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pip2.7 install https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/tarball/master
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If you encounter an error with lib bcrypt causing an Wrong ELF Class:
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ELFCLASS32 (x64 Systems), you may need to reinstall py-bcrypt to correctly
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compile it under the right architecture. (This should not be needed if
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installing under virtualenv)::
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sudo pip2.7 uninstall py-bcrypt
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sudo pip2.7 install py-bcrypt
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During setup of Synapse you need to call python2.7 directly again::
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cd ~/.synapse
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python2.7 -m synapse.app.homeserver \
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--server-name machine.my.domain.name \
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--config-path homeserver.yaml \
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--generate-config
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...substituting your host and domain name as appropriate.
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FreeBSD
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-------
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Synapse can be installed via FreeBSD Ports or Packages contributed by Brendan Molloy from:
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- Ports: ``cd /usr/ports/net/py-matrix-synapse && make install clean``
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- Packages: ``pkg install py27-matrix-synapse``
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NixOS
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-----
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Robin Lambertz has packaged Synapse for NixOS at:
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https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/misc/matrix-synapse.nix
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Windows Install
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---------------
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Synapse can be installed on Cygwin. It requires the following Cygwin packages:
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- gcc
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- git
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- libffi-devel
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- openssl (and openssl-devel, python-openssl)
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- python
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- python-setuptools
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The content repository requires additional packages and will be unable to process
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uploads without them:
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- libjpeg8
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- libjpeg8-devel
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- zlib
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If you choose to install Synapse without these packages, you will need to reinstall
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``pillow`` for changes to be applied, e.g. ``pip uninstall pillow`` ``pip install
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pillow --user``
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Troubleshooting:
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- You may need to upgrade ``setuptools`` to get this to work correctly:
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``pip install setuptools --upgrade``.
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- You may encounter errors indicating that ``ffi.h`` is missing, even with
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``libffi-devel`` installed. If you do, copy the ``.h`` files:
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``cp /usr/lib/libffi-3.0.13/include/*.h /usr/include``
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- You may need to install libsodium from source in order to install PyNacl. If
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you do, you may need to create a symlink to ``libsodium.a`` so ``ld`` can find
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it: ``ln -s /usr/local/lib/libsodium.a /usr/lib/libsodium.a``
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Troubleshooting
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===============
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Troubleshooting Installation
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----------------------------
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Synapse requires pip 1.7 or later, so if your OS provides too old a version you
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may need to manually upgrade it::
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sudo pip install --upgrade pip
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Installing may fail with ``Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement pymacaroons-pynacl (from matrix-synapse==0.12.0)``.
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You can fix this by manually upgrading pip and virtualenv::
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sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv
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You can next rerun ``virtualenv -p python2.7 synapse`` to update the virtual env.
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Installing may fail during installing virtualenv with ``InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.``
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You can fix this by manually installing ndg-httpsclient::
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pip install --upgrade ndg-httpsclient
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Installing may fail with ``mock requires setuptools>=17.1. Aborting installation``.
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You can fix this by upgrading setuptools::
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pip install --upgrade setuptools
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If pip crashes mid-installation for reason (e.g. lost terminal), pip may
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refuse to run until you remove the temporary installation directory it
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created. To reset the installation::
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rm -rf /tmp/pip_install_matrix
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pip seems to leak *lots* of memory during installation. For instance, a Linux
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host with 512MB of RAM may run out of memory whilst installing Twisted. If this
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happens, you will have to individually install the dependencies which are
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failing, e.g.::
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pip install twisted
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On OS X, if you encounter clang: error: unknown argument: '-mno-fused-madd' you
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will need to export CFLAGS=-Qunused-arguments.
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Troubleshooting Running
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-----------------------
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If synapse fails with ``missing "sodium.h"`` crypto errors, you may need
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to manually upgrade PyNaCL, as synapse uses NaCl (http://nacl.cr.yp.to/) for
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encryption and digital signatures.
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Unfortunately PyNACL currently has a few issues
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(https://github.com/pyca/pynacl/issues/53) and
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(https://github.com/pyca/pynacl/issues/79) that mean it may not install
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correctly, causing all tests to fail with errors about missing "sodium.h". To
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fix try re-installing from PyPI or directly from
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(https://github.com/pyca/pynacl)::
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# Install from PyPI
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pip install --user --upgrade --force pynacl
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# Install from github
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pip install --user https://github.com/pyca/pynacl/tarball/master
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ArchLinux
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~~~~~~~~~
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If running `$ synctl start` fails with 'returned non-zero exit status 1',
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you will need to explicitly call Python2.7 - either running as::
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python2.7 -m synapse.app.homeserver --daemonize -c homeserver.yaml
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...or by editing synctl with the correct python executable.
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Synapse Development
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===================
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To check out a synapse for development, clone the git repo into a working
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directory of your choice::
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git clone https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse.git
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cd synapse
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Synapse has a number of external dependencies, that are easiest
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to install using pip and a virtualenv::
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virtualenv env
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source env/bin/activate
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python synapse/python_dependencies.py | xargs -n1 pip install
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pip install setuptools_trial mock
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This will run a process of downloading and installing all the needed
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dependencies into a virtual env.
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Once this is done, you may wish to run Synapse's unit tests, to
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check that everything is installed as it should be::
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python setup.py test
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This should end with a 'PASSED' result::
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Ran 143 tests in 0.601s
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PASSED (successes=143)
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Upgrading an existing Synapse
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=============================
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The instructions for upgrading synapse are in `UPGRADE.rst`_.
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Please check these instructions as upgrading may require extra steps for some
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versions of synapse.
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.. _UPGRADE.rst: UPGRADE.rst
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Setting up Federation
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=====================
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In order for other homeservers to send messages to your server, it will need to
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be publicly visible on the internet, and they will need to know its host name.
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You have two choices here, which will influence the form of your Matrix user
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IDs:
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1) Use the machine's own hostname as available on public DNS in the form of
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its A or AAAA records. This is easier to set up initially, perhaps for
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testing, but lacks the flexibility of SRV.
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2) Set up a SRV record for your domain name. This requires you create a SRV
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record in DNS, but gives the flexibility to run the server on your own
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choice of TCP port, on a machine that might not be the same name as the
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domain name.
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For the first form, simply pass the required hostname (of the machine) as the
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--server-name parameter::
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python -m synapse.app.homeserver \
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--server-name machine.my.domain.name \
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--config-path homeserver.yaml \
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--generate-config
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python -m synapse.app.homeserver --config-path homeserver.yaml
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Alternatively, you can run ``synctl start`` to guide you through the process.
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For the second form, first create your SRV record and publish it in DNS. This
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needs to be named _matrix._tcp.YOURDOMAIN, and point at at least one hostname
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and port where the server is running. (At the current time synapse does not
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support clustering multiple servers into a single logical homeserver). The DNS
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record would then look something like::
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$ dig -t srv _matrix._tcp.machine.my.domain.name
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_matrix._tcp IN SRV 10 0 8448 machine.my.domain.name.
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At this point, you should then run the homeserver with the hostname of this
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SRV record, as that is the name other machines will expect it to have::
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python -m synapse.app.homeserver \
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--server-name YOURDOMAIN \
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--config-path homeserver.yaml \
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--generate-config
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python -m synapse.app.homeserver --config-path homeserver.yaml
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If you've already generated the config file, you need to edit the "server_name"
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in you ```homeserver.yaml``` file. If you've already started Synapse and a
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database has been created, you will have to recreate the database.
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You may additionally want to pass one or more "-v" options, in order to
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increase the verbosity of logging output; at least for initial testing.
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Running a Demo Federation of Synapses
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-------------------------------------
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If you want to get up and running quickly with a trio of homeservers in a
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private federation (``localhost:8080``, ``localhost:8081`` and
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``localhost:8082``) which you can then access through the webclient running at
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|
http://localhost:8080. Simply run::
|
|
|
|
demo/start.sh
|
|
|
|
This is mainly useful just for development purposes.
|
|
|
|
Running The Demo Web Client
|
|
===========================
|
|
|
|
The homeserver runs a web client by default at https://localhost:8448/.
|
|
|
|
If this is the first time you have used the client from that browser (it uses
|
|
HTML5 local storage to remember its config), you will need to log in to your
|
|
account. If you don't yet have an account, because you've just started the
|
|
homeserver for the first time, then you'll need to register one.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registering A New Account
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
Your new user name will be formed partly from the hostname your server is
|
|
running as, and partly from a localpart you specify when you create the
|
|
account. Your name will take the form of::
|
|
|
|
@localpart:my.domain.here
|
|
(pronounced "at localpart on my dot domain dot here")
|
|
|
|
Specify your desired localpart in the topmost box of the "Register for an
|
|
account" form, and click the "Register" button. Hostnames can contain ports if
|
|
required due to lack of SRV records (e.g. @matthew:localhost:8448 on an
|
|
internal synapse sandbox running on localhost).
|
|
|
|
If registration fails, you may need to enable it in the homeserver (see
|
|
`Synapse Installation`_ above)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Logging In To An Existing Account
|
|
---------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Just enter the ``@localpart:my.domain.here`` Matrix user ID and password into
|
|
the form and click the Login button.
|
|
|
|
Identity Servers
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
The job of authenticating 3PIDs and tracking which 3PIDs are associated with a
|
|
given Matrix user is very security-sensitive, as there is obvious risk of spam
|
|
if it is too easy to sign up for Matrix accounts or harvest 3PID data.
|
|
Meanwhile the job of publishing the end-to-end encryption public keys for
|
|
Matrix users is also very security-sensitive for similar reasons.
|
|
|
|
Therefore the role of managing trusted identity in the Matrix ecosystem is
|
|
farmed out to a cluster of known trusted ecosystem partners, who run 'Matrix
|
|
Identity Servers' such as ``sydent``, whose role is purely to authenticate and
|
|
track 3PID logins and publish end-user public keys.
|
|
|
|
It's currently early days for identity servers as Matrix is not yet using 3PIDs
|
|
as the primary means of identity and E2E encryption is not complete. As such,
|
|
we are running a single identity server (https://matrix.org) at the current
|
|
time.
|
|
|
|
|
|
URL Previews
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
Synapse 0.15.0 introduces an experimental new API for previewing URLs at
|
|
/_matrix/media/r0/preview_url. This is disabled by default. To turn it on
|
|
you must enable the `url_preview_enabled: True` config parameter and explicitly
|
|
specify the IP ranges that Synapse is not allowed to spider for previewing in
|
|
the `url_preview_ip_range_blacklist` configuration parameter. This is critical
|
|
from a security perspective to stop arbitrary Matrix users spidering 'internal'
|
|
URLs on your network. At the very least we recommend that your loopback and
|
|
RFC1918 IP addresses are blacklisted.
|
|
|
|
This also requires the optional lxml and netaddr python dependencies to be
|
|
installed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Password reset
|
|
==============
|
|
|
|
If a user has registered an email address to their account using an identity
|
|
server, they can request a password-reset token via clients such as Vector.
|
|
|
|
A manual password reset can be done via direct database access as follows.
|
|
|
|
First calculate the hash of the new password:
|
|
|
|
$ source ~/.synapse/bin/activate
|
|
$ ./scripts/hash_password
|
|
Password:
|
|
Confirm password:
|
|
$2a$12$xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
|
|
|
|
Then update the `users` table in the database:
|
|
|
|
UPDATE users SET password_hash='$2a$12$xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'
|
|
WHERE name='@test:test.com';
|
|
|
|
Where's the spec?!
|
|
==================
|
|
|
|
The source of the matrix spec lives at https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc.
|
|
A recent HTML snapshot of this lives at http://matrix.org/docs/spec
|
|
|
|
|
|
Building Internal API Documentation
|
|
===================================
|
|
|
|
Before building internal API documentation install sphinx and
|
|
sphinxcontrib-napoleon::
|
|
|
|
pip install sphinx
|
|
pip install sphinxcontrib-napoleon
|
|
|
|
Building internal API documentation::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py build_sphinx
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Halp!! Synapse eats all my RAM!
|
|
===============================
|
|
|
|
Synapse's architecture is quite RAM hungry currently - we deliberately
|
|
cache a lot of recent room data and metadata in RAM in order to speed up
|
|
common requests. We'll improve this in future, but for now the easiest
|
|
way to either reduce the RAM usage (at the risk of slowing things down)
|
|
is to set the almost-undocumented ``SYNAPSE_CACHE_FACTOR`` environment
|
|
variable. Roughly speaking, a SYNAPSE_CACHE_FACTOR of 1.0 will max out
|
|
at around 3-4GB of resident memory - this is what we currently run the
|
|
matrix.org on. The default setting is currently 0.1, which is probably
|
|
around a ~700MB footprint. You can dial it down further to 0.02 if
|
|
desired, which targets roughly ~512MB. Conversely you can dial it up if
|
|
you need performance for lots of users and have a box with a lot of RAM.
|
|
|