Add support for no_proxy and case insensitive env variables (#9372)

### Changes proposed in this PR

- Add support for the `no_proxy` and `NO_PROXY` environment variables
  - Internally rely on urllib's [`proxy_bypass_environment`](bdb941be42/Lib/urllib/request.py (L2519))
- Extract env variables using urllib's `getproxies`/[`getproxies_environment`](bdb941be42/Lib/urllib/request.py (L2488)) which supports lowercase + uppercase, preferring lowercase, except for `HTTP_PROXY` in a CGI environment

This does contain behaviour changes for consumers so making sure these are called out:
- `no_proxy`/`NO_PROXY` is now respected
- lowercase `https_proxy` is now allowed and taken over `HTTPS_PROXY`

Related to #9306 which also uses `ProxyAgent`

Signed-off-by: Timothy Leung tim95@hotmail.co.uk

synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py

@@ -149,8 +149,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeJsonResource):
             treq_args={"browser_like_redirects": True},
             ip_whitelist=hs.config.url_preview_ip_range_whitelist,
             ip_blacklist=hs.config.url_preview_ip_range_blacklist,
-            http_proxy=os.getenvb(b"http_proxy"),
-            https_proxy=os.getenvb(b"HTTPS_PROXY"),
+            use_proxy=True,
         )
         self.media_repo = media_repo
         self.primary_base_path = media_repo.primary_base_path