Add developer documentation for the Federation Sender and add a documentation mechanism using Sphinx. (#15265)

Co-authored-by: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>

dev-docs/Makefile

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+# Minimal makefile for Sphinx documentation
+#
+
+# You can set these variables from the command line, and also
+# from the environment for the first two.
+SPHINXOPTS    ?=
+SPHINXBUILD   ?= sphinx-build
+SOURCEDIR     = .
+BUILDDIR      = _build
+
+# Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help".
+help:
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)
+
+.PHONY: help Makefile
+
+# Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new
+# "make mode" option.  $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS).
+%: Makefile
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)

dev-docs/conf.py

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+# Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder.
+#
+# For the full list of built-in configuration values, see the documentation:
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html
+
+# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#project-information
+
+project = "Synapse development"
+copyright = "2023, The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C."
+author = "The Synapse Maintainers and Community"
+
+# -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#general-configuration
+
+extensions = [
+    "autodoc2",
+    "myst_parser",
+]
+
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
+exclude_patterns = ["_build", "Thumbs.db", ".DS_Store"]
+
+
+# -- Options for Autodoc2 ----------------------------------------------------
+
+autodoc2_docstring_parser_regexes = [
+    # this will render all docstrings as 'MyST' Markdown
+    (r".*", "myst"),
+]
+
+autodoc2_packages = [
+    {
+        "path": "../synapse",
+        # Don't render documentation for everything as a matter of course
+        "auto_mode": False,
+    },
+]
+
+
+# -- Options for MyST (Markdown) ---------------------------------------------
+
+# myst_heading_anchors = 2
+
+
+# -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#options-for-html-output
+
+html_theme = "furo"
+html_static_path = ["_static"]

dev-docs/index.rst

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+.. Synapse Developer Documentation documentation master file, created by
+   sphinx-quickstart on Mon Mar 13 08:59:51 2023.
+   You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
+   contain the root `toctree` directive.
+
+Welcome to the Synapse Developer Documentation!
+===========================================================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: Contents:
+
+   modules/federation_sender
+
+
+
+Indices and tables
+==================
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+* :ref:`search`

dev-docs/modules/federation_sender.md

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+Federation Sender
+=================
+
+```{autodoc2-docstring} synapse.federation.sender
+```