Fix LruCache corruption bug with a size_callback that can return 0 (#11454)

When all entries in an `LruCache` have a size of 0 according to the
provided `size_callback`, and `drop_from_cache` is called on a cache
node, the node would be unlinked from the LRU linked list but remain in
the cache dictionary. An assertion would be later be tripped due to the
inconsistency.

Avoid unintentionally calling `__len__` and use a strict `is None`
check instead when unwrapping the weak reference.

changelog.d/11454.bugfix

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix an `LruCache` corruption bug, introduced in 1.38.0, that would cause certain requests to fail until the next Synapse restart.

synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py

@@ -271,7 +271,10 @@ class _Node(Generic[KT, VT]):
         removed from all lists.
         """
         cache = self._cache()
-        if not cache or not cache.pop(self.key, None):
+        if (
+            cache is None
+            or cache.pop(self.key, _Sentinel.sentinel) is _Sentinel.sentinel
+        ):
             # `cache.pop` should call `drop_from_lists()`, unless this Node had
             # already been removed from the cache.
             self.drop_from_lists()

tests/util/test_lrucache.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 
+from typing import List
 from unittest.mock import Mock
 
 from synapse.util.caches.lrucache import LruCache, setup_expire_lru_cache_entries
@@ -261,6 +262,17 @@ class LruCacheSizedTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEquals(cache["key4"], [4])
         self.assertEquals(cache["key5"], [5, 6])
 
+    def test_zero_size_drop_from_cache(self) -> None:
+        """Test that `drop_from_cache` works correctly with 0-sized entries."""
+        cache: LruCache[str, List[int]] = LruCache(5, size_callback=lambda x: 0)
+        cache["key1"] = []
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(cache), 0)
+        cache.cache["key1"].drop_from_cache()
+        self.assertIsNone(
+            cache.pop("key1"), "Cache entry should have been evicted but wasn't"
+        )
+
 
 class TimeEvictionTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     """Test that time based eviction works correctly."""