Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/release-v1.77'

2025-08-10 23:10:10 -04:00 · 2023-02-12 14:02:57 +02:00 · 2023-02-12 14:02:57 +02:00 · 3b1430bd0b
commit 3b1430bd0b
parent 9d6c9c3f5d 73b8068ced
184 changed files with 3888 additions and 1693 deletions
--- a/.ci/scripts/auditwheel_wrapper.py
+++ b/.ci/scripts/auditwheel_wrapper.py
@ -50,7 +50,16 @@ def cpython(wheel_file: str, name: str, version: Version, tag: Tag) -> str:

    check_is_abi3_compatible(wheel_file)

-    abi3_tag = Tag(tag.interpreter, "abi3", tag.platform)
+    # HACK: it seems that some older versions of pip will consider a wheel marked
+    # as macosx_11_0 as incompatible with Big Sur. I haven't done the full archaeology
+    # here; there are some clues in
+    #     https://github.com/pantsbuild/pants/pull/12857
+    #     https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/9138
+    #     https://github.com/pypa/packaging/pull/319
+    # Empirically this seems to work, note that macOS 11 and 10.16 are the same,
+    # both versions are valid for backwards compatibility.
+    platform = tag.platform.replace("macosx_11_0", "macosx_10_16")
+    abi3_tag = Tag(tag.interpreter, "abi3", platform)

    dirname = os.path.dirname(wheel_file)
    new_wheel_file = os.path.join(
--- a/.ci/scripts/test_export_data_command.sh
+++ b/.ci/scripts/test_export_data_command.sh
@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ poetry run python -m synapse.app.admin_cmd -c .ci/sqlite-config.yaml  export-dat
 --output-directory /tmp/export_data

 # Test that the output directory exists and contains the rooms directory
-dir="/tmp/export_data/rooms"
-if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+dir_r="/tmp/export_data/rooms"
+dir_u="/tmp/export_data/user_data"
+if [ -d "$dir_r" ] && [ -d "$dir_u" ]; then
  echo "Command successful, this test passes"
 else
  echo "No output directories found, the command fails against a sqlite database."
@ -43,8 +44,9 @@ poetry run python -m synapse.app.admin_cmd -c .ci/postgres-config.yaml  export-d
 --output-directory /tmp/export_data2

 # Test that the output directory exists and contains the rooms directory
-dir2="/tmp/export_data2/rooms"
-if [ -d "$dir2" ]; then
+dir_r2="/tmp/export_data2/rooms"
+dir_u2="/tmp/export_data2/user_data"
+if [ -d "$dir_r2" ] && [ -d "$dir_u2" ]; then
  echo "Command successful, this test passes"
 else
  echo "No output directories found, the command fails against a postgres database."
--- a/.github/workflows/docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ jobs:
            type=pep440,pattern={{raw}}

      - name: Build and push all platforms
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v3
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
        with:
          push: true
          labels: "gitsha1=${{ github.sha }}"
--- a/.github/workflows/latest_deps.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/latest_deps.yml
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
          toolchain: stable
      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
          toolchain: stable
      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
          toolchain: stable
      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
--- a/.github/workflows/release-artifacts.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-artifacts.yml
@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ jobs:
        env:
          # Skip testing for platforms which various libraries don't have wheels
          # for, and so need extra build deps.
-          CIBW_TEST_SKIP: pp3{7,9}-* *i686* *musl*
+          CIBW_TEST_SKIP: pp3*-* *i686* *musl*
          # Fix Rust OOM errors on emulated aarch64: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/10583
          CARGO_NET_GIT_FETCH_WITH_CLI: true
          CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX: CARGO_NET_GIT_FETCH_WITH_CLI
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ jobs:
        # There don't seem to be versioned releases of this action per se: for each rust
        # version there is a branch which gets constantly rebased on top of master.
        # We pin to a specific commit for paranoia's sake.
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
            toolchain: 1.58.1
            components: clippy
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ jobs:
        # There don't seem to be versioned releases of this action per se: for each rust
        # version there is a branch which gets constantly rebased on top of master.
        # We pin to a specific commit for paranoia's sake.
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
            toolchain: nightly-2022-12-01
            components: clippy
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ jobs:
        # There don't seem to be versioned releases of this action per se: for each rust
        # version there is a branch which gets constantly rebased on top of master.
        # We pin to a specific commit for paranoia's sake.
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
          toolchain: 1.58.1
          components: rustfmt
@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ jobs:
        # There don't seem to be versioned releases of this action per se: for each rust
        # version there is a branch which gets constantly rebased on top of master.
        # We pin to a specific commit for paranoia's sake.
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
            toolchain: 1.58.1
      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ jobs:
        # There don't seem to be versioned releases of this action per se: for each rust
        # version there is a branch which gets constantly rebased on top of master.
        # We pin to a specific commit for paranoia's sake.
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
            toolchain: 1.58.1
      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ jobs:
        # There don't seem to be versioned releases of this action per se: for each rust
        # version there is a branch which gets constantly rebased on top of master.
        # We pin to a specific commit for paranoia's sake.
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
            toolchain: 1.58.1
      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ jobs:
        # There don't seem to be versioned releases of this action per se: for each rust
        # version there is a branch which gets constantly rebased on top of master.
        # We pin to a specific commit for paranoia's sake.
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
            toolchain: 1.58.1
      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
@ -541,8 +541,11 @@ jobs:

      - run: |
          set -o pipefail
-          POSTGRES=${{ (matrix.database == 'Postgres') && 1 || '' }} WORKERS=${{ (matrix.arrangement == 'workers') && 1 || '' }} COMPLEMENT_DIR=`pwd`/complement synapse/scripts-dev/complement.sh -json 2>&1 | synapse/.ci/scripts/gotestfmt
+          COMPLEMENT_DIR=`pwd`/complement synapse/scripts-dev/complement.sh -json 2>&1 | synapse/.ci/scripts/gotestfmt
        shell: bash
+        env:
+          POSTGRES: ${{ (matrix.database == 'Postgres') && 1 || '' }}
+          WORKERS: ${{ (matrix.arrangement == 'workers') && 1 || '' }}
        name: Run Complement Tests

  cargo-test:
@ -559,13 +562,36 @@ jobs:
        # There don't seem to be versioned releases of this action per se: for each rust
        # version there is a branch which gets constantly rebased on top of master.
        # We pin to a specific commit for paranoia's sake.
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
            toolchain: 1.58.1
      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2

      - run: cargo test

+  # We want to ensure that the cargo benchmarks still compile, which requires a
+  # nightly compiler.
+  cargo-bench:
+    if: ${{ needs.changes.outputs.rust == 'true' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs:
+      - linting-done
+      - changes
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Install Rust
+        # There don't seem to be versioned releases of this action per se: for each rust
+        # version there is a branch which gets constantly rebased on top of master.
+        # We pin to a specific commit for paranoia's sake.
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
+        with:
+            toolchain: nightly-2022-12-01
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+
+      - run: cargo bench --no-run
+
  # a job which marks all the other jobs as complete, thus allowing PRs to be merged.
  tests-done:
    if: ${{ always() }}
@ -577,6 +603,7 @@ jobs:
      - portdb
      - complement
      - cargo-test
+      - cargo-bench
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: matrix-org/done-action@v2
@ -588,3 +615,4 @@ jobs:
          skippable: |
            lint-newsfile
            cargo-test
+            cargo-bench
--- a/.github/workflows/twisted_trunk.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/twisted_trunk.yml
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
          toolchain: stable
      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
      - run: sudo apt-get -qq install xmlsec1

      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
          toolchain: stable
      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955
        with:
          toolchain: stable
      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
--- a/CHANGES.md
+++ b/CHANGES.md
@ -1,3 +1,80 @@
+Synapse 1.77.0rc2 (2023-02-10)
+==============================
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- Fix bug where retried replication requests would return a failure. Introduced in v1.76.0. ([\#15024](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/15024))
+
+
+Internal Changes
+----------------
+
+- Prepare for future database schema changes. ([\#15036](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/15036))
+
+
+Synapse 1.77.0rc1 (2023-02-07)
+==============================
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Experimental support for [MSC3952](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3952): intentional mentions. ([\#14823](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14823), [\#14943](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14943), [\#14957](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14957), [\#14958](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14958))
+- Experimental support to suppress notifications from message edits ([MSC3958](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3958)). ([\#14960](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14960), [\#15016](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/15016))
+- Add profile information, devices and connections to the command line [user data export tool](https://matrix-org.github.io/synapse/v1.77/usage/administration/admin_faq.html#how-can-i-export-user-data). ([\#14894](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14894))
+- Improve performance when joining or sending an event in large rooms. ([\#14962](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14962))
+- Improve performance of joining and leaving large rooms with many local users. ([\#14971](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14971))
+
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- Fix a bug introduced in Synapse 1.53.0 where `next_batch` tokens from `/sync` could not be used with the `/relations` endpoint. ([\#14866](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14866))
+- Fix a bug introduced in Synapse 1.35.0 where the module API's `send_local_online_presence_to` would fail to send presence updates over federation. ([\#14880](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14880))
+- Fix a bug introduced in Synapse 1.70.0 where the background updates to add non-thread unique indexes on receipts could fail when upgrading from 1.67.0 or earlier. ([\#14915](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14915))
+- Fix a regression introduced in Synapse 1.69.0 which can result in database corruption when database migrations are interrupted on sqlite. ([\#14926](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14926))
+- Fix a bug introduced in Synapse 1.68.0 where we were unable to service remote joins in rooms with `@room` notification levels set to `null` in their (malformed) power levels. ([\#14942](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14942))
+- Fix a bug introduced in Synapse 1.64.0 where boolean power levels were erroneously permitted in [v10 rooms](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.5/rooms/v10/). ([\#14944](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14944))
+- Fix a long-standing bug where sending messages on servers with presence enabled would spam "Re-starting finished log context" log lines. ([\#14947](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14947))
+- Fix a bug introduced in Synapse 1.68.0 where logging from the Rust module was not properly logged. ([\#14976](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14976))
+- Fix various long-standing bugs in Synapse's config, event and request handling where booleans were unintentionally accepted where an integer was expected. ([\#14945](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14945))
+
+
+Internal Changes
+----------------
+
+- Add missing type hints. ([\#14879](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14879), [\#14886](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14886), [\#14887](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14887), [\#14904](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14904), [\#14927](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14927), [\#14956](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14956), [\#14983](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14983), [\#14984](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14984), [\#14985](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14985), [\#14987](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14987), [\#14988](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14988), [\#14990](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14990), [\#14991](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14991), [\#14992](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14992), [\#15007](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/15007))
+- Use `StrCollection` to avoid potential bugs with `Collection[str]`. ([\#14922](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14922))
+- Allow running the complement tests suites with the asyncio reactor enabled. ([\#14858](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14858))
+- Improve performance of `/sync` in a few situations. ([\#14908](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14908), [\#14970](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14970))
+- Document how to handle Dependabot pull requests. ([\#14916](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14916))
+- Fix typo in release script. ([\#14920](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14920))
+- Update build system requirements to allow building with poetry-core 1.5.0. ([\#14949](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14949), [\#15019](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/15019))
+- Add an [lnav](https://lnav.org) config file for Synapse logs to `/contrib/lnav`. ([\#14953](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14953))
+- Faster joins: Refactor internal handling of servers in room to never store an empty list. ([\#14954](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14954))
+- Faster joins: tag `v2/send_join/` requests to indicate if they served a partial join response. ([\#14950](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14950))
+- Allow running `cargo` without the `extension-module` option. ([\#14965](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14965))
+- Preparatory work for adding a denormalised event stream ordering column in the future. Contributed by Nick @ Beeper (@fizzadar). ([\#14979](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14979), [9cd7610](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/commit/9cd7610f86ab5051c9365dd38d1eec405a5f8ca6), [f10caa7](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/commit/f10caa73eee0caa91cf373966104d1ededae2aee); see [\#15014](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/15014))
+- Add tests for `_flatten_dict`. ([\#14981](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14981), [\#15002](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/15002))
+
+<details><summary>Dependabot updates</summary>
+
+- Bump dtolnay/rust-toolchain from e645b0cf01249a964ec099494d38d2da0f0b349f to 9cd00a88a73addc8617065438eff914dd08d0955. ([\#14968](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14968))
+- Bump docker/build-push-action from 3 to 4. ([\#14952](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14952))
+- Bump ijson from 3.1.4 to 3.2.0.post0. ([\#14935](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14935))
+- Bump types-pyyaml from 6.0.12.2 to 6.0.12.3. ([\#14936](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14936))
+- Bump types-jsonschema from 4.17.0.2 to 4.17.0.3. ([\#14937](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14937))
+- Bump types-pillow from 9.4.0.3 to 9.4.0.5. ([\#14938](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14938))
+- Bump hiredis from 2.0.0 to 2.1.1. ([\#14939](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14939))
+- Bump hiredis from 2.1.1 to 2.2.1. ([\#14993](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14993))
+- Bump types-setuptools from 65.6.0.3 to 67.1.0.0. ([\#14994](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14994))
+- Bump prometheus-client from 0.15.0 to 0.16.0. ([\#14995](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14995))
+- Bump anyhow from 1.0.68 to 1.0.69. ([\#14996](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14996))
+- Bump serde_json from 1.0.91 to 1.0.92. ([\#14997](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14997))
+- Bump isort from 5.11.4 to 5.11.5. ([\#14998](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14998))
+- Bump phonenumbers from 8.13.4 to 8.13.5. ([\#14999](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14999))
+</details>
+
 Synapse 1.76.0 (2023-01-31)
 ===========================

--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.68"
+version = "1.0.69"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2cb2f989d18dd141ab8ae82f64d1a8cdd37e0840f73a406896cf5e99502fab61"
+checksum = "224afbd727c3d6e4b90103ece64b8d1b67fbb1973b1046c2281eed3f3803f800"

 [[package]]
 name = "arc-swap"
@ -343,9 +343,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.91"
+version = "1.0.92"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "877c235533714907a8c2464236f5c4b2a17262ef1bd71f38f35ea592c8da6883"
+checksum = "7434af0dc1cbd59268aa98b4c22c131c0584d2232f6fb166efb993e2832e896a"
 dependencies = [
 "itoa",
 "ryu",
--- a/contrib/lnav/README.md
+++ b/contrib/lnav/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# `lnav` config for Synapse logs
+
+[lnav](https://lnav.org/) is a log-viewing tool. It is particularly useful when 
+you need to interleave multiple log files, or for exploring a large log file
+with regex filters. The downside is that it is not as ubiquitous as tools like
+`less`, `grep`, etc.
+
+This directory contains an `lnav` [log format definition](
+    https://docs.lnav.org/en/v0.10.1/formats.html#defining-a-new-format
+) for Synapse logs as
+emitted by Synapse with the default [logging configuration](
+    https://matrix-org.github.io/synapse/latest/usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#log_config
+). It supports lnav 0.10.1 because that's what's packaged by my distribution.
+
+This should allow lnav:
+
+- to interpret timestamps, allowing log interleaving;
+- to interpret log severity levels, allowing colouring by log level(!!!);
+- to interpret request IDs, allowing you to skip through a specific request; and
+- to highlight room, event and user IDs in logs.
+
+See also https://gist.github.com/benje/e2ab750b0a81d11920d83af637d289f7 for a
+ similar example.
+
+## Example
+
+[![asciicast](https://asciinema.org/a/556133.svg)](https://asciinema.org/a/556133)
+
+## Tips
+
+- `lnav -i /path/to/synapse/checkout/contrib/lnav/synapse-log-format.json`
+- `lnav my_synapse_log_file` or `lnav synapse_log_files.*`, etc.
+- `lnav --help` for CLI help.
+
+Within lnav itself:
+
+- `?` for help within lnav itself.
+- `q` to quit.
+- `/` to search a-la `less` and `vim`, then `n` and `N` to continue searching 
+  down and up.
+- Use `o` and `O` to skip through logs based on the request ID (`POST-1234`, or
+  else the value of the [`request_id_header`](
+    https://matrix-org.github.io/synapse/latest/usage/configuration/config_documentation.html?highlight=request_id_header#listeners
+  ) header). This may get confused if the same request ID is repeated among 
+  multiple files or process restarts.
+- ???
+- Profit
--- a/contrib/lnav/synapse-log-format.json
+++ b/contrib/lnav/synapse-log-format.json
@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://lnav.org/schemas/format-v1.schema.json",
+  "synapse": {
+    "title": "Synapse logs",
+    "description": "Logs output by Synapse, a Matrix homesever, under its default logging config.",
+    "regex": {
+      "log": {
+        "pattern": ".*(?<timestamp>\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2},\\d{3}) - (?<logger>.+) - (?<lineno>\\d+) - (?<level>\\w+) - (?<context>.+) - (?<body>.*)"
+      }
+    },
+    "json": false,
+    "timestamp-field": "timestamp",
+    "timestamp-format": [
+      "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S,%L"
+    ],
+    "level-field": "level",
+    "body-field": "body",
+    "opid-field": "context",
+    "level": {
+      "critical": "CRITICAL",
+      "error": "ERROR",
+      "warning": "WARNING",
+      "info": "INFO",
+      "debug": "DEBUG"
+    },
+    "sample": [
+      {
+        "line": "my-matrix-server-generic-worker-4 | 2023-01-27 09:47:09,818 - synapse.replication.tcp.client - 381 - ERROR - PUT-32992 - Timed out waiting for stream receipts",
+        "level": "error"
+      },
+      {
+        "line": "my-matrix-server-federation-sender-1 | 2023-01-25 20:56:20,995 - synapse.http.matrixfederationclient - 709 - WARNING - federation_transaction_transmission_loop-3 - {PUT-O-3} [example.com] Request failed: PUT matrix://example.com/_matrix/federation/v1/send/1674680155797: HttpResponseException('403: Forbidden')",
+        "level": "warning"
+      },
+      {
+        "line": "my-matrix-server  | 2023-01-25 20:55:54,433 - synapse.storage.databases - 66 - INFO - main - [database config 'master']: Checking database server",
+        "level": "info"
+      },
+      {
+        "line": "my-matrix-server  | 2023-01-26 15:08:40,447 - synapse.access.http.8008 - 460 - INFO - PUT-74929 - 0.0.0.0 - 8008 - {@alice:example.com} Processed request: 0.011sec/0.000sec (0.000sec, 0.000sec) (0.001sec/0.008sec/3) 2B 200 \"PUT /_matrix/client/r0/user/%40alice%3Atexample.com/account_data/im.vector.setting.breadcrumbs HTTP/1.0\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Element/1.11.20 Chrome/108.0.5359.179 Electron/22.0.3 Safari/537.36\" [0 dbevts]",
+        "level": "info"
+      }
+    ],
+    "highlights": {
+      "user_id": {
+        "pattern": "(@|%40)[^:% ]+(:|%3A)[\\[\\]0-9a-zA-Z.\\-:]+(:\\d{1,5})?(?<!:)",
+        "underline": true
+      },
+      "room_id": {
+        "pattern": "(!|%21)[^:% ]+(:|%3A)[\\[\\]0-9a-zA-Z.\\-:]+(:\\d{1,5})?(?<!:)",
+        "underline": true
+      },
+      "room_alias": {
+        "pattern": "(#|%23)[^:% ]+(:|%3A)[\\[\\]0-9a-zA-Z.\\-:]+(:\\d{1,5})?(?<!:)",
+        "underline": true
+      },
+      "event_id_v1_v2": {
+        "pattern": "(\\$|%25)[^:% ]+(:|%3A)[\\[\\]0-9a-zA-Z.\\-:]+(:\\d{1,5})?(?<!:)",
+        "underline": true
+      },
+      "event_id_v3_plus": {
+        "pattern": "(\\$|%25)([A-Za-z0-9+/_]|-){43}",
+        "underline": true
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/debian/changelog
+++ b/debian/changelog
@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+matrix-synapse-py3 (1.77.0~rc2) stable; urgency=medium
+
+  * New Synapse release 1.77.0rc2.
+
+ -- Synapse Packaging team <packages@matrix.org>  Fri, 10 Feb 2023 12:44:21 +0000
+
+matrix-synapse-py3 (1.77.0~rc1) stable; urgency=medium
+
+  * New Synapse release 1.77.0rc1.
+
+ -- Synapse Packaging team <packages@matrix.org>  Tue, 07 Feb 2023 13:45:14 +0000
+
 matrix-synapse-py3 (1.76.0) stable; urgency=medium

  * New Synapse release 1.76.0.
--- a/docker/complement/conf/start_for_complement.sh
+++ b/docker/complement/conf/start_for_complement.sh
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ set -e

 echo "Complement Synapse launcher"
 echo "  Args: $@"
-echo "  Env: SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_DATABASE=$SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_DATABASE SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_USE_WORKERS=$SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_USE_WORKERS"
+echo "  Env: SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_DATABASE=$SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_DATABASE SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_USE_WORKERS=$SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_USE_WORKERS SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_USE_ASYNCIO_REACTOR=$SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_USE_ASYNCIO_REACTOR"

 function log {
    d=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S,%3N")
@ -76,6 +76,17 @@ else
 fi


+if [[ -n "$SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_USE_ASYNCIO_REACTOR" ]]; then
+  if [[ -n "$SYNAPSE_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_FORKING_LAUNCHER" ]]; then
+    export SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_FORKING_LAUNCHER_ASYNC_IO_REACTOR="1"
+  else
+    export SYNAPSE_ASYNC_IO_REACTOR="1"
+  fi
+else
+  export SYNAPSE_ASYNC_IO_REACTOR="0"
+fi
+
+
 # Add Complement's appservice registration directory, if there is one
 # (It can be absent when there are no application services in this test!)
 if [ -d /complement/appservice ]; then
--- a/docs/development/contributing_guide.md
+++ b/docs/development/contributing_guide.md
@ -332,6 +332,7 @@ The above will run a monolithic (single-process) Synapse with SQLite as the data
    [here](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/develop/docker/configure_workers_and_start.py#L54).
    A safe example would be `WORKER_TYPES="federation_inbound, federation_sender, synchrotron"`.
    See the [worker documentation](../workers.md) for additional information on workers.
+- Passing `ASYNCIO_REACTOR=1` as an environment variable to use the Twisted asyncio reactor instead of the default one.

 To increase the log level for the tests, set `SYNAPSE_TEST_LOG_LEVEL`, e.g:
 ```sh
--- a/docs/development/dependencies.md
+++ b/docs/development/dependencies.md
@ -258,6 +258,20 @@ because [`build`](https://github.com/pypa/build) is a standardish tool which
 doesn't require poetry. (It's what we use in CI too). However, you could try
 `poetry build` too.

+## ...handle a Dependabot pull request?
+
+Synapse uses Dependabot to keep the `poetry.lock` file up-to-date. When it
+creates a pull request a GitHub Action will run to automatically create a changelog
+file. Ensure that:
+
+* the lockfile changes look reasonable;
+* the upstream changelog file (linked in the description) doesn't include any
+  breaking changes;
+* continuous integration passes (due to permissions, the GitHub Actions run on
+  the changelog commit will fail, look at the initial commit of the pull request);
+
+In particular, any updates to the type hints (usually packages which start with `types-`)
+should be safe to merge if linting passes.

 # Troubleshooting

--- a/docs/usage/administration/admin_faq.md
+++ b/docs/usage/administration/admin_faq.md
@ -2,13 +2,19 @@

 How do I become a server admin?
 ---
-If your server already has an admin account you should use the [User Admin API](../../admin_api/user_admin_api.md#change-whether-a-user-is-a-server-administrator-or-not) to promote other accounts to become admins.
+If your server already has an admin account you should use the
+[User Admin API](../../admin_api/user_admin_api.md#change-whether-a-user-is-a-server-administrator-or-not)
+to promote other accounts to become admins.

-If you don't have any admin accounts yet you won't be able to use the admin API, so you'll have to edit the database manually. Manually editing the database is generally not recommended so once you have an admin account: use the admin APIs to make further changes.
+If you don't have any admin accounts yet you won't be able to use the admin API,
+so you'll have to edit the database manually. Manually editing the database is
+generally not recommended so once you have an admin account: use the admin APIs
+to make further changes.

 ```sql
 UPDATE users SET admin = 1 WHERE name = '@foo:bar.com';
 ```
+
 What servers are my server talking to?
 ---
 Run this sql query on your db:
@ -36,8 +42,38 @@ How can I export user data?
 ---
 Synapse includes a Python command to export data for a specific user. It takes the homeserver
 configuration file and the full Matrix ID of the user to export:
+
 ```console
-python -m synapse.app.admin_cmd -c <config_file> export-data <user_id>
+python -m synapse.app.admin_cmd -c <config_file> export-data <user_id> --output-directory <directory_path>
+```
+
+If you uses [Poetry](../../development/dependencies.md#managing-dependencies-with-poetry)
+to run Synapse:
+
+```console
+poetry run python -m synapse.app.admin_cmd -c <config_file> export-data <user_id> --output-directory <directory_path>
+```
+
+The directory to store the export data in can be customised with the
+`--output-directory` parameter; ensure that the provided directory is
+empty. If this parameter is not provided, Synapse defaults to creating
+a temporary directory (which starts with "synapse-exfiltrate") in `/tmp`,
+`/var/tmp`, or `/usr/tmp`, in that order.
+
+The exported data has the following layout:
+
+```
+output-directory
+├───rooms
+│   └───<room_id>
+│       ├───events
+│       ├───state
+│       ├───invite_state
+│       └───knock_state
+└───user_data
+    ├───connections
+    ├───devices
+    └───profile
 ```

 Manually resetting passwords
@ -50,21 +86,29 @@ I have a problem with my server. Can I just delete my database and start again?
 ---
 Deleting your database is unlikely to make anything better. 

-It's easy to make the mistake of thinking that you can start again from a clean slate by dropping your database, but things don't work like that in a federated network: lots of other servers have information about your server.
+It's easy to make the mistake of thinking that you can start again from a clean
+slate by dropping your database, but things don't work like that in a federated
+network: lots of other servers have information about your server.

-For example: other servers might think that you are in a room, your server will think that you are not, and you'll probably be unable to interact with that room in a sensible way ever again.
+For example: other servers might think that you are in a room, your server will
+think that you are not, and you'll probably be unable to interact with that room
+in a sensible way ever again.

-In general, there are better solutions to any problem than dropping the database. Come and seek help in https://matrix.to/#/#synapse:matrix.org.
+In general, there are better solutions to any problem than dropping the database.
+Come and seek help in https://matrix.to/#/#synapse:matrix.org.

 There are two exceptions when it might be sensible to delete your database and start again:
-* You have *never* joined any rooms which are federated with other servers. For instance, a local deployment which the outside world can't talk to. 
-* You are changing the `server_name` in the homeserver configuration. In effect this makes your server a completely new one from the point of view of the network, so in this case it makes sense to start with a clean database.
+* You have *never* joined any rooms which are federated with other servers. For
+instance, a local deployment which the outside world can't talk to. 
+* You are changing the `server_name` in the homeserver configuration. In effect
+this makes your server a completely new one from the point of view of the network,
+so in this case it makes sense to start with a clean database.
 (In both cases you probably also want to clear out the media_store.)

 I've stuffed up access to my room, how can I delete it to free up the alias?
 ---
 Using the following curl command:
-```
+```console
 curl -H 'Authorization: Bearer <access-token>' -X DELETE https://matrix.org/_matrix/client/r0/directory/room/<room-alias>
 ```
 `<access-token>` - can be obtained in riot by looking in the riot settings, down the bottom is:
@ -75,19 +119,25 @@ Access Token:\<click to reveal\>
 How can I find the lines corresponding to a given HTTP request in my homeserver log?
 ---

-Synapse tags each log line according to the HTTP request it is processing. When it finishes processing each request, it logs a line containing the words `Processed request: `. For example:
+Synapse tags each log line according to the HTTP request it is processing. When
+it finishes processing each request, it logs a line containing the words
+`Processed request: `. For example:

 ```
 2019-02-14 22:35:08,196 - synapse.access.http.8008 - 302 - INFO - GET-37 - ::1 - 8008 - {@richvdh:localhost} Processed request: 0.173sec/0.001sec (0.002sec, 0.000sec) (0.027sec/0.026sec/2) 687B 200 "GET /_matrix/client/r0/sync HTTP/1.1" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36" [0 dbevts]"
 ```

-Here we can see that the request has been tagged with `GET-37`. (The tag depends on the method of the HTTP request, so might start with `GET-`, `PUT-`, `POST-`, `OPTIONS-` or `DELETE-`.) So to find all lines corresponding to this request, we can do:
+Here we can see that the request has been tagged with `GET-37`. (The tag depends
+on the method of the HTTP request, so might start with `GET-`, `PUT-`, `POST-`,
+`OPTIONS-` or `DELETE-`.) So to find all lines corresponding to this request, we can do:

-```
+```console
 grep 'GET-37' homeserver.log
 ```

-If you want to paste that output into a github issue or matrix room, please remember to surround it with triple-backticks (```) to make it legible (see [quoting code](https://help.github.com/en/articles/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax#quoting-code)).
+If you want to paste that output into a github issue or matrix room, please
+remember to surround it with triple-backticks (```) to make it legible
+(see [quoting code](https://help.github.com/en/articles/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax#quoting-code)).


 What do all those fields in the 'Processed' line mean?
@ -127,7 +177,7 @@ This is normally caused by a misconfiguration in your reverse-proxy. See [the re


 Help!! Synapse is slow and eats all my RAM/CPU!
-----------------------------------------------
+---

 First, ensure you are running the latest version of Synapse, using Python 3
 with a [PostgreSQL database](../../postgres.md).
@ -169,7 +219,7 @@ in the Synapse config file: [see here](../configuration/config_documentation.md#


 Running out of File Handles
---------------------------
+---

 If Synapse runs out of file handles, it typically fails badly - live-locking
 at 100% CPU, and/or failing to accept new TCP connections (blocking the
--- a/mypy.ini
+++ b/mypy.ini
@ -32,26 +32,9 @@ exclude = (?x)
   |synapse/storage/databases/main/cache.py
   |synapse/storage/schema/

-   |tests/api/test_auth.py
-   |tests/app/test_openid_listener.py
-   |tests/appservice/test_scheduler.py
-   |tests/events/test_presence_router.py
-   |tests/events/test_utils.py
-   |tests/federation/test_federation_catch_up.py
-   |tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
-   |tests/federation/transport/test_knocking.py
-   |tests/handlers/test_typing.py
-   |tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
-   |tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
-   |tests/http/test_proxyagent.py
-   |tests/logging/__init__.py
-   |tests/logging/test_terse_json.py
   |tests/module_api/test_api.py
-   |tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py
   |tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py
   |tests/server.py
-   |tests/test_state.py
-   |tests/test_terms_auth.py
   )$

 [mypy-synapse.federation.transport.client]
@ -81,24 +64,45 @@ disallow_untyped_defs = False
 [mypy-tests.*]
 disallow_untyped_defs = False

+[mypy-tests.api.*]
+disallow_untyped_defs = True
+
+[mypy-tests.app.*]
+disallow_untyped_defs = True
+
+[mypy-tests.appservice.*]
+disallow_untyped_defs = True
+
 [mypy-tests.config.*]
 disallow_untyped_defs = True

 [mypy-tests.crypto.*]
 disallow_untyped_defs = True

-[mypy-tests.federation.transport.test_client]
+[mypy-tests.events.*]
+disallow_untyped_defs = True
+
+[mypy-tests.federation.*]
 disallow_untyped_defs = True

 [mypy-tests.handlers.*]
 disallow_untyped_defs = True

+[mypy-tests.http.*]
+disallow_untyped_defs = True
+
+[mypy-tests.logging.*]
+disallow_untyped_defs = True
+
 [mypy-tests.metrics.*]
 disallow_untyped_defs = True

 [mypy-tests.push.*]
 disallow_untyped_defs = True

+[mypy-tests.replication.*]
+disallow_untyped_defs = True
+
 [mypy-tests.rest.*]
 disallow_untyped_defs = True

@ -111,6 +115,12 @@ disallow_untyped_defs = True
 [mypy-tests.test_server]
 disallow_untyped_defs = True

+[mypy-tests.test_state]
+disallow_untyped_defs = True
+
+[mypy-tests.test_terms_auth]
+disallow_untyped_defs = True
+
 [mypy-tests.types.*]
 disallow_untyped_defs = True

@ -137,9 +147,6 @@ disallow_untyped_defs = True
 [mypy-authlib.*]
 ignore_missing_imports = True

-[mypy-canonicaljson]
-ignore_missing_imports = True
-
 [mypy-ijson.*]
 ignore_missing_imports = True

--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@ -501,53 +501,101 @@ typing-extensions = {version = ">=3.7.4.3", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""

 [[package]]
 name = "hiredis"
-version = "2.0.0"
+version = "2.2.1"
 description = "Python wrapper for hiredis"
 category = "main"
 optional = true
-python-versions = ">=3.6"
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
 files = [
-    {file = "hiredis-2.0.0-cp36-cp36m-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:b4c8b0bc5841e578d5fb32a16e0c305359b987b850a06964bd5a62739d688048"},
-    {file = "hiredis-2.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:0adea425b764a08270820531ec2218d0508f8ae15a448568109ffcae050fee26"},
-    {file = "hiredis-2.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:3d55e36715ff06cdc0ab62f9591607c4324297b6b6ce5b58cb9928b3defe30ea"},
-    {file = "hiredis-2.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2010_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:5d2a48c80cf5a338d58aae3c16872f4d452345e18350143b3bf7216d33ba7b99"},
-    {file = "hiredis-2.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:240ce6dc19835971f38caf94b5738092cb1e641f8150a9ef9251b7825506cb05"},
-    {file = "hiredis-2.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:5dc7a94bb11096bc4bffd41a3c4f2b958257085c01522aa81140c68b8bf1630a"},
-    {file = "hiredis-2.0.0-cp36-cp36m-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:139705ce59d94eef2ceae9fd2ad58710b02aee91e7fa0ccb485665ca0ecbec63"},
-    {file = "hiredis-2.0.0-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:c39c46d9e44447181cd502a35aad2bb178dbf1b1f86cf4db639d7b9614f837c6"},
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 [[package]]
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 description = "A Python utility / library to sort Python imports."
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 requirements-deprecated-finder = ["pip-api", "pipreqs"]

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+version = "4.17.0.3"
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+version = "9.4.0.5"
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 python-versions = "*"
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 [[package]]
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 [[package]]
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+version = "6.0.12.3"
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 python-versions = "*"
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-    {file = "types-PyYAML-6.0.12.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6840819871c92deebe6a2067fb800c11b8a063632eb4e3e755914e7ab3604e83"},
-    {file = "types_PyYAML-6.0.12.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1e94e80aafee07a7e798addb2a320e32956a373f376655128ae20637adb2655b"},
+    {file = "types-PyYAML-6.0.12.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:17ce17b3ead8f06e416a3b1d5b8ddc6cb82a422bb200254dd8b469434b045ffc"},
+    {file = "types_PyYAML-6.0.12.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:879700e9f215afb20ab5f849590418ab500989f83a57e635689e1d50ccc63f0c"},
 ]

 [[package]]
@ -2648,14 +2712,14 @@ types-urllib3 = "<1.27"

 [[package]]
 name = "types-setuptools"
-version = "65.6.0.3"
+version = "67.1.0.0"
 description = "Typing stubs for setuptools"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 files = [
-    {file = "types-setuptools-65.6.0.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7ddd7415282fa97ab18e490206067c0cdb126b103743e72ee86783d7af6481c5"},
-    {file = "types_setuptools-65.6.0.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ad729fc3a9a3946f73915eaab16ce56b30ed5ae998479253d809d76b3889ee09"},
+    {file = "types-setuptools-67.1.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:162a39d22e3a5eb802197c84f16b19e798101bbd33d9437837fbb45627da5627"},
+    {file = "types_setuptools-67.1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:5bd7a10d93e468bfcb10d24cb8ea5e12ac4f4ac91267293959001f1448cf0619"},
 ]

 [package.dependencies]
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ manifest-path = "rust/Cargo.toml"

 [tool.poetry]
 name = "matrix-synapse"
-version = "1.76.0"
+version = "1.77.0rc2"
 description = "Homeserver for the Matrix decentralised comms protocol"
 authors = ["Matrix.org Team and Contributors <packages@matrix.org>"]
 license = "Apache-2.0"
@ -127,7 +127,9 @@ exclude = [
    { path = "synapse/*.so", format = "sdist"}
 ]

-build = "build_rust.py"
+[tool.poetry.build]
+script = "build_rust.py"
+generate-setup-file = true

 [tool.poetry.scripts]
 synapse_homeserver = "synapse.app.homeserver:main"
@ -350,7 +352,7 @@ towncrier = ">=18.6.0rc1"
 # system changes.
 # We are happy to raise these upper bounds upon request,
 # provided we check that it's safe to do so (i.e. that CI passes).
-requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0,<=1.3.2", "setuptools_rust>=1.3,<=1.5.2"]
+requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0,<=1.5.0", "setuptools_rust>=1.3,<=1.5.2"]
 build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"


--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@ -154,117 +154,181 @@ frozendict==2.3.4 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.
    --hash=sha256:d722f3d89db6ae35ef35ecc243c40c800eb344848c83dba4798353312cd37b15 \
    --hash=sha256:dae686722c144b333c4dbdc16323a5de11406d26b76d2be1cc175f90afacb5ba \
    --hash=sha256:dbbe1339ac2646523e0bb00d1896085d1f70de23780e4927ca82b36ab8a044d3
-hiredis==2.0.0 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0" \
-    --hash=sha256:04026461eae67fdefa1949b7332e488224eac9e8f2b5c58c98b54d29af22093e \
-    --hash=sha256:04927a4c651a0e9ec11c68e4427d917e44ff101f761cd3b5bc76f86aaa431d27 \
-    --hash=sha256:07bbf9bdcb82239f319b1f09e8ef4bdfaec50ed7d7ea51a56438f39193271163 \
-    --hash=sha256:09004096e953d7ebd508cded79f6b21e05dff5d7361771f59269425108e703bc \
-    --hash=sha256:0adea425b764a08270820531ec2218d0508f8ae15a448568109ffcae050fee26 \
-    --hash=sha256:0b39ec237459922c6544d071cdcf92cbb5bc6685a30e7c6d985d8a3e3a75326e \
-    --hash=sha256:0d5109337e1db373a892fdcf78eb145ffb6bbd66bb51989ec36117b9f7f9b579 \
-    --hash=sha256:0f41827028901814c709e744060843c77e78a3aca1e0d6875d2562372fcb405a \
-    --hash=sha256:11d119507bb54e81f375e638225a2c057dda748f2b1deef05c2b1a5d42686048 \
-    --hash=sha256:1233e303645f468e399ec906b6b48ab7cd8391aae2d08daadbb5cad6ace4bd87 \
-    --hash=sha256:139705ce59d94eef2ceae9fd2ad58710b02aee91e7fa0ccb485665ca0ecbec63 \
-    --hash=sha256:1f03d4dadd595f7a69a75709bc81902673fa31964c75f93af74feac2f134cc54 \
-    --hash=sha256:240ce6dc19835971f38caf94b5738092cb1e641f8150a9ef9251b7825506cb05 \
-    --hash=sha256:294a6697dfa41a8cba4c365dd3715abc54d29a86a40ec6405d677ca853307cfb \
-    --hash=sha256:3d55e36715ff06cdc0ab62f9591607c4324297b6b6ce5b58cb9928b3defe30ea \
-    --hash=sha256:3dddf681284fe16d047d3ad37415b2e9ccdc6c8986c8062dbe51ab9a358b50a5 \
-    --hash=sha256:3f5f7e3a4ab824e3de1e1700f05ad76ee465f5f11f5db61c4b297ec29e692b2e \
-    --hash=sha256:508999bec4422e646b05c95c598b64bdbef1edf0d2b715450a078ba21b385bcc \
-    --hash=sha256:5d2a48c80cf5a338d58aae3c16872f4d452345e18350143b3bf7216d33ba7b99 \
-    --hash=sha256:5dc7a94bb11096bc4bffd41a3c4f2b958257085c01522aa81140c68b8bf1630a \
-    --hash=sha256:65d653df249a2f95673976e4e9dd7ce10de61cfc6e64fa7eeaa6891a9559c581 \
-    --hash=sha256:7492af15f71f75ee93d2a618ca53fea8be85e7b625e323315169977fae752426 \
-    --hash=sha256:7f0055f1809b911ab347a25d786deff5e10e9cf083c3c3fd2dd04e8612e8d9db \
-    --hash=sha256:807b3096205c7cec861c8803a6738e33ed86c9aae76cac0e19454245a6bbbc0a \
-    --hash=sha256:81d6d8e39695f2c37954d1011c0480ef7cf444d4e3ae24bc5e89ee5de360139a \
-    --hash=sha256:87c7c10d186f1743a8fd6a971ab6525d60abd5d5d200f31e073cd5e94d7e7a9d \
-    --hash=sha256:8b42c0dc927b8d7c0eb59f97e6e34408e53bc489f9f90e66e568f329bff3e443 \
-    --hash=sha256:a00514362df15af041cc06e97aebabf2895e0a7c42c83c21894be12b84402d79 \
-    --hash=sha256:a39efc3ade8c1fb27c097fd112baf09d7fd70b8cb10ef1de4da6efbe066d381d \
-    --hash=sha256:a4ee8000454ad4486fb9f28b0cab7fa1cd796fc36d639882d0b34109b5b3aec9 \
-    --hash=sha256:a7928283143a401e72a4fad43ecc85b35c27ae699cf5d54d39e1e72d97460e1d \
-    --hash=sha256:adf4dd19d8875ac147bf926c727215a0faf21490b22c053db464e0bf0deb0485 \
-    --hash=sha256:ae8427a5e9062ba66fc2c62fb19a72276cf12c780e8db2b0956ea909c48acff5 \
-    --hash=sha256:b4c8b0bc5841e578d5fb32a16e0c305359b987b850a06964bd5a62739d688048 \
-    --hash=sha256:b84f29971f0ad4adaee391c6364e6f780d5aae7e9226d41964b26b49376071d0 \
-    --hash=sha256:c39c46d9e44447181cd502a35aad2bb178dbf1b1f86cf4db639d7b9614f837c6 \
-    --hash=sha256:cb2126603091902767d96bcb74093bd8b14982f41809f85c9b96e519c7e1dc41 \
-    --hash=sha256:dcef843f8de4e2ff5e35e96ec2a4abbdf403bd0f732ead127bd27e51f38ac298 \
-    --hash=sha256:e3447d9e074abf0e3cd85aef8131e01ab93f9f0e86654db7ac8a3f73c63706ce \
-    --hash=sha256:f52010e0a44e3d8530437e7da38d11fb822acfb0d5b12e9cd5ba655509937ca0 \
-    --hash=sha256:f8196f739092a78e4f6b1b2172679ed3343c39c61a3e9d722ce6fcf1dac2824a
+hiredis==2.2.1 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0" \
+    --hash=sha256:02118dc8545e2371448b9983a0041f12124eea907eb61858f2be8e7c1dfa1e43 \
+    --hash=sha256:03c6a1f6bf2f64f40d076c997cdfcb8b3d1c9557dda6cb7bbad2c5c839921726 \
+    --hash=sha256:0474ab858f5dd15be6b467d89ec14b4c287f53b55ca5455369c3a1a787ef3a24 \
+    --hash=sha256:04c972593f26f4769e2be7058b7928179337593bcfc6a8b6bda87eea807b7cbf \
+    --hash=sha256:0a9493bbc477436a3725e99cfcba768f416ab70ab92956e373d1a3b480b1e204 \
+    --hash=sha256:0e199868fe78c2d175bbb7b88f5daf2eae4a643a62f03f8d6736f9832f04f88b \
+    --hash=sha256:0f2607e08dcb1c5d1e925c451facbfc357927acaa336a004552c32a6dd68e050 \
+    --hash=sha256:0f4b92df1e69dc48411045d2117d1d27ec6b5f0dd2b6501759cea2f6c68d5618 \
+    --hash=sha256:103bde304d558061c4ba1d7ff94351e761da753c28883fd68964f25080152dac \
+    --hash=sha256:14f67987e1d55b197e46729d1497019228ad8c94427bb63500e6f217aa586ca5 \
+    --hash=sha256:1523ec56d711bee863aaaf4325cef4430da3143ec388e60465f47e28818016cd \
+    --hash=sha256:1776db8af168b22588ec10c3df674897b20cc6d25f093cd2724b8b26d7dac057 \
+    --hash=sha256:17e9f363db56a8edb4eff936354cfa273197465bcd970922f3d292032eca87b0 \
+    --hash=sha256:18135ecf28fc6577e71c0f8d8eb2f31e4783020a7d455571e7e5d2793374ce20 \
+    --hash=sha256:19666eb154b7155d043bf941e50d1640125f92d3294e2746df87639cc44a10e6 \
+    --hash=sha256:209b94fa473b39e174b665186cad73206ca849cf6e822900b761e83080f67b06 \
+    --hash=sha256:220b6ac9d3fce60d14ccc34f9790e20a50dc56b6fb747fc357600963c0cf6aca \
+    --hash=sha256:231e5836579fc75b25c6f9bb6213950ea3d39aadcfeb7f880211ca55df968342 \
+    --hash=sha256:2bb682785a37145b209f44f5d5290b0f9f4b56205542fc592d0f1b3d5ffdfcf0 \
+    --hash=sha256:2ed6c948648798b440a9da74db65cdd2ad22f38cf4687f5212df369031394591 \
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+    --hash=sha256:33624903dfb629d6f7c17ed353b4b415211c29fd447f31e6bf03361865b97e68 \
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+    --hash=sha256:497a8837984ddfbf6f5a4c034c0107f2c5aaaebeebf34e2c6ab591acffce5f12 \
+    --hash=sha256:49a518b456403602775218062a4dd06bed42b26854ff1ff6784cfee2ef6fa347 \
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+    --hash=sha256:a386f00800b1b043b091b93850e02814a8b398952438a9d4895bd70f5c80a821 \
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+    --hash=sha256:c7fd6394779c9a3b324b65394deadb949311662f3770bd34f904b8c04328082c \
+    --hash=sha256:cb59a7535e0b8373f694ce87576c573f533438c5fbee450193333a22118f4a98 \
+    --hash=sha256:cbb3f56d371b560bf39fe45d29c24e3d819ae2399733e2c86394a34e76adab38 \
+    --hash=sha256:d4f6bbe599d255a504ef789c19e23118c654d256343c1ecdf7042fb4b4d0f7fa \
+    --hash=sha256:d77dbc13d55c1d45d6a203da910002fffd13fa310af5e9c5994959587a192789 \
+    --hash=sha256:d87f90064106dfd7d2cc7baeb007a8ca289ee985f4bf64bb627c50cdc34208ed \
+    --hash=sha256:d8849bc74473778c10377f82cf9a534e240734e2f9a92c181ef6d51b4e3d3eb2 \
+    --hash=sha256:d9fbef7f9070055a7cc012ac965e3dbabbf2400b395649ea8d6016dc82a7d13a \
+    --hash=sha256:dcad9c9239845b29f149a895e7e99b8307889cecbfc37b69924c2dad1f4ae4e8 \
+    --hash=sha256:df6325aade17b1f86c8b87f6a1d9549a4184fda00e27e2fca0e5d2a987130365 \
+    --hash=sha256:e57dfcd72f036cce9eab77bc533a932444459f7e54d96a555d25acf2501048be \
+    --hash=sha256:e5945ef29a76ab792973bef1ffa2970d81dd22edb94dfa5d6cba48beb9f51962 \
+    --hash=sha256:ea011b3bfa37f2746737860c1e5ba198b63c9b4764e40b042aac7bd2c258938f \
+    --hash=sha256:ed79f65098c4643cb6ec4530b337535f00b58ea02e25180e3df15e9cc9da58dc \
+    --hash=sha256:f0ccf6fc116795d76bca72aa301a33874c507f9e77402e857d298c73419b5ea3 \
+    --hash=sha256:fec7465caac7b0a36551abb37066221cabf59f776d78fdd58ff17669942b4b41
 hyperlink==21.0.0 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0" \
    --hash=sha256:427af957daa58bc909471c6c40f74c5450fa123dd093fc53efd2e91d2705a56b \
    --hash=sha256:e6b14c37ecb73e89c77d78cdb4c2cc8f3fb59a885c5b3f819ff4ed80f25af1b4
 idna==3.4 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0" \
    --hash=sha256:814f528e8dead7d329833b91c5faa87d60bf71824cd12a7530b5526063d02cb4 \
    --hash=sha256:90b77e79eaa3eba6de819a0c442c0b4ceefc341a7a2ab77d7562bf49f425c5c2
-ijson==3.1.4 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0" \
-    --hash=sha256:068c692efba9692406b86736dcc6803e4a0b6280d7f0b7534bff3faec677ff38 \
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-    --hash=sha256:ff8cf7507d9d8939264068c2cff0a23f99703fa2f31eb3cb45a9a52798843586
+ijson==3.2.0.post0 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0" \
+    --hash=sha256:00594ed3ef2218fee8c652d9e7f862fb39f8251b67c6379ef12f7e044bf6bbf3 \
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+    --hash=sha256:c8646eb81eec559d7d8b1e51a5087299d06ecab3bc7da54c01f7df94350df135 \
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+    --hash=sha256:ce4be2beece2629bd24bcab147741d1532bd5ed40fb52f2b4fcde5c5bf606df0 \
+    --hash=sha256:d3e255ef05b434f20fc9d4b18ea15733d1038bec3e4960d772b06216fa79e82d \
+    --hash=sha256:dcec67fc15e5978ad286e8cc2a3f9347076e28e0e01673b5ace18c73da64e3ff \
+    --hash=sha256:e97e6e07851cefe7baa41f1ebf5c0899d2d00d94bfef59825752e4c784bebbe8 \
+    --hash=sha256:eb167ee21d9c413d6b0ab65ec12f3e7ea0122879da8b3569fa1063526f9f03a8 \
+    --hash=sha256:efee1e9b4f691e1086730f3010e31c55625bc2e0f7db292a38a2cdf2774c2e13 \
+    --hash=sha256:f349bee14d0a4a72ba41e1b1cce52af324ebf704f5066c09e3dd04cfa6f545f0 \
+    --hash=sha256:f470f3d750e00df86e03254fdcb422d2f726f4fb3a0d8eeee35e81343985e58a \
+    --hash=sha256:f6464242f7895268d3086d7829ef031b05c77870dad1e13e51ef79d0a9cfe029 \
+    --hash=sha256:f6785ba0f65eb64b1ce3b7fcfec101085faf98f4e77b234f14287fd4138ffb25 \
+    --hash=sha256:fd218b338ac68213c997d4c88437c0e726f16d301616bf837e1468901934042c \
+    --hash=sha256:fe7f414edd69dd9199b0dfffa0ada22f23d8009e10fe2a719e0993b7dcc2e6e2
 importlib-metadata==6.0.0 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_version < "3.8" \
    --hash=sha256:7efb448ec9a5e313a57655d35aa54cd3e01b7e1fbcf72dce1bf06119420f5bad \
    --hash=sha256:e354bedeb60efa6affdcc8ae121b73544a7aa74156d047311948f6d711cd378d
@ -464,9 +528,9 @@ packaging==23.0 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.
 parameterized==0.8.1 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0" \
    --hash=sha256:41bbff37d6186430f77f900d777e5bb6a24928a1c46fb1de692f8b52b8833b5c \
    --hash=sha256:9cbb0b69a03e8695d68b3399a8a5825200976536fe1cb79db60ed6a4c8c9efe9
-phonenumbers==8.13.4 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0" \
-    --hash=sha256:6d63455012fc9431105ffc7739befca61c3efc551b287dca58d2be2e745475a9 \
-    --hash=sha256:a577a46c069ad889c7b7cf4dd978751d059edeab28b97acead4775d2ea1fc70a
+phonenumbers==8.13.5 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0" \
+    --hash=sha256:2e3fd1f3fde226b289489275517c76edf223eafd9f43a2c2c36498a44b73d4b0 \
+    --hash=sha256:6eb2faf29c19f946baf10f1c977a1f856cab90819fe7735b8e141d5407420c4a
 pillow==9.4.0 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0" \
    --hash=sha256:013016af6b3a12a2f40b704677f8b51f72cb007dac785a9933d5c86a72a7fe33 \
    --hash=sha256:0845adc64fe9886db00f5ab68c4a8cd933ab749a87747555cec1c95acea64b0b \
@ -548,9 +612,9 @@ pillow==9.4.0 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0"
 pkgutil-resolve-name==1.3.10 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_version < "3.9" \
    --hash=sha256:357d6c9e6a755653cfd78893817c0853af365dd51ec97f3d358a819373bbd174 \
    --hash=sha256:ca27cc078d25c5ad71a9de0a7a330146c4e014c2462d9af19c6b828280649c5e
-prometheus-client==0.15.0 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0" \
-    --hash=sha256:be26aa452490cfcf6da953f9436e95a9f2b4d578ca80094b4458930e5f584ab1 \
-    --hash=sha256:db7c05cbd13a0f79975592d112320f2605a325969b270a94b71dcabc47b931d2
+prometheus-client==0.16.0 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0" \
+    --hash=sha256:0836af6eb2c8f4fed712b2f279f6c0a8bbab29f9f4aa15276b91c7cb0d1616ab \
+    --hash=sha256:a03e35b359f14dd1630898543e2120addfdeacd1a6069c1367ae90fd93ad3f48
 psycopg2==2.9.5 ; python_full_version >= "3.7.1" and python_full_version < "4.0.0" \
    --hash=sha256:093e3894d2d3c592ab0945d9eba9d139c139664dcf83a1c440b8a7aa9bb21955 \
    --hash=sha256:190d51e8c1b25a47484e52a79638a8182451d6f6dff99f26ad9bd81e5359a0fa \
--- a/rust/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/Cargo.toml
@ -23,13 +23,17 @@ name = "synapse.synapse_rust"
 anyhow = "1.0.63"
 lazy_static = "1.4.0"
 log = "0.4.17"
-pyo3 = { version = "0.17.1", features = ["extension-module", "macros", "anyhow", "abi3", "abi3-py37"] }
+pyo3 = { version = "0.17.1", features = ["macros", "anyhow", "abi3", "abi3-py37"] }
 pyo3-log = "0.7.0"
 pythonize = "0.17.0"
 regex = "1.6.0"
 serde = { version = "1.0.144", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0.85"

+[features]
+extension-module = ["pyo3/extension-module"]
+default = ["extension-module"]
+
 [build-dependencies]
 blake2 = "0.10.4"
 hex = "0.4.3"
--- a/rust/benches/evaluator.rs
+++ b/rust/benches/evaluator.rs
@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.

 #![feature(test)]
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use synapse::push::{
    evaluator::PushRuleEvaluator, Condition, EventMatchCondition, FilteredPushRules, PushRules,
 };
@ -32,6 +33,9 @@ fn bench_match_exact(b: &mut Bencher) {

    let eval = PushRuleEvaluator::py_new(
        flattened_keys,
+        false,
+        BTreeSet::new(),
+        false,
        10,
        Some(0),
        Default::default(),
@ -68,6 +72,9 @@ fn bench_match_word(b: &mut Bencher) {

    let eval = PushRuleEvaluator::py_new(
        flattened_keys,
+        false,
+        BTreeSet::new(),
+        false,
        10,
        Some(0),
        Default::default(),
@ -104,6 +111,9 @@ fn bench_match_word_miss(b: &mut Bencher) {

    let eval = PushRuleEvaluator::py_new(
        flattened_keys,
+        false,
+        BTreeSet::new(),
+        false,
        10,
        Some(0),
        Default::default(),
@ -140,6 +150,9 @@ fn bench_eval_message(b: &mut Bencher) {

    let eval = PushRuleEvaluator::py_new(
        flattened_keys,
+        false,
+        BTreeSet::new(),
+        false,
        10,
        Some(0),
        Default::default(),
@ -156,6 +169,8 @@ fn bench_eval_message(b: &mut Bencher) {
        false,
        false,
        false,
+        false,
+        false,
    );

    b.iter(|| eval.run(&rules, Some("bob"), Some("person")));
--- a/rust/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/src/lib.rs
@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3_log::ResetHandle;

 pub mod push;

+lazy_static! {
+    static ref LOGGING_HANDLE: ResetHandle = pyo3_log::init();
+}
+
 /// Returns the hash of all the rust source files at the time it was compiled.
 ///
 /// Used by python to detect if the rust library is outdated.
@ -17,13 +23,20 @@ fn sum_as_string(a: usize, b: usize) -> PyResult<String> {
    Ok((a + b).to_string())
 }

+/// Reset the cached logging configuration of pyo3-log to pick up any changes
+/// in the Python logging configuration.
+///
+#[pyfunction]
+fn reset_logging_config() {
+    LOGGING_HANDLE.reset();
+}
+
 /// The entry point for defining the Python module.
 #[pymodule]
 fn synapse_rust(py: Python<'_>, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
-    pyo3_log::init();
-
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(sum_as_string, m)?)?;
    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(get_rust_file_digest, m)?)?;
+    m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(reset_logging_config, m)?)?;

    push::register_module(py, m)?;

--- a/rust/src/push/base_rules.rs
+++ b/rust/src/push/base_rules.rs
@ -63,6 +63,23 @@ pub const BASE_PREPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES: &[PushRule] = &[PushRule {
 }];

 pub const BASE_APPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES: &[PushRule] = &[
+    // We don't want to notify on edits. Not only can this be confusing in real
+    // time (2 notifications, one message) but it's especially confusing
+    // if a bridge needs to edit a previously backfilled message.
+    PushRule {
+        rule_id: Cow::Borrowed("global/override/.com.beeper.suppress_edits"),
+        priority_class: 5,
+        conditions: Cow::Borrowed(&[Condition::Known(KnownCondition::EventMatch(
+            EventMatchCondition {
+                key: Cow::Borrowed("content.m.relates_to.rel_type"),
+                pattern: Some(Cow::Borrowed("m.replace")),
+                pattern_type: None,
+            },
+        ))]),
+        actions: Cow::Borrowed(&[]),
+        default: true,
+        default_enabled: true,
+    },
    PushRule {
        rule_id: Cow::Borrowed("global/override/.m.rule.suppress_notices"),
        priority_class: 5,
@ -131,6 +148,14 @@ pub const BASE_APPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES: &[PushRule] = &[
        default: true,
        default_enabled: true,
    },
+    PushRule {
+        rule_id: Cow::Borrowed(".org.matrix.msc3952.is_user_mention"),
+        priority_class: 5,
+        conditions: Cow::Borrowed(&[Condition::Known(KnownCondition::IsUserMention)]),
+        actions: Cow::Borrowed(&[Action::Notify, HIGHLIGHT_ACTION, SOUND_ACTION]),
+        default: true,
+        default_enabled: true,
+    },
    PushRule {
        rule_id: Cow::Borrowed("global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name"),
        priority_class: 5,
@ -139,6 +164,19 @@ pub const BASE_APPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES: &[PushRule] = &[
        default: true,
        default_enabled: true,
    },
+    PushRule {
+        rule_id: Cow::Borrowed(".org.matrix.msc3952.is_room_mention"),
+        priority_class: 5,
+        conditions: Cow::Borrowed(&[
+            Condition::Known(KnownCondition::IsRoomMention),
+            Condition::Known(KnownCondition::SenderNotificationPermission {
+                key: Cow::Borrowed("room"),
+            }),
+        ]),
+        actions: Cow::Borrowed(&[Action::Notify, HIGHLIGHT_ACTION]),
+        default: true,
+        default_enabled: true,
+    },
    PushRule {
        rule_id: Cow::Borrowed("global/override/.m.rule.roomnotif"),
        priority_class: 5,
--- a/rust/src/push/evaluator.rs
+++ b/rust/src/push/evaluator.rs
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};

 use anyhow::{Context, Error};
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
@ -68,6 +68,13 @@ pub struct PushRuleEvaluator {
    /// The "content.body", if any.
    body: String,

+    /// True if the event has a mentions property and MSC3952 support is enabled.
+    has_mentions: bool,
+    /// The user mentions that were part of the message.
+    user_mentions: BTreeSet<String>,
+    /// True if the message is a room message.
+    room_mention: bool,
+
    /// The number of users in the room.
    room_member_count: u64,

@ -100,6 +107,9 @@ impl PushRuleEvaluator {
    #[new]
    pub fn py_new(
        flattened_keys: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+        has_mentions: bool,
+        user_mentions: BTreeSet<String>,
+        room_mention: bool,
        room_member_count: u64,
        sender_power_level: Option<i64>,
        notification_power_levels: BTreeMap<String, i64>,
@ -116,6 +126,9 @@ impl PushRuleEvaluator {
        Ok(PushRuleEvaluator {
            flattened_keys,
            body,
+            has_mentions,
+            user_mentions,
+            room_mention,
            room_member_count,
            notification_power_levels,
            sender_power_level,
@ -146,6 +159,19 @@ impl PushRuleEvaluator {
            }

            let rule_id = &push_rule.rule_id().to_string();
+
+            // For backwards-compatibility the legacy mention rules are disabled
+            // if the event contains the 'm.mentions' property (and if the
+            // experimental feature is enabled, both of these are represented
+            // by the has_mentions flag).
+            if self.has_mentions
+                && (rule_id == "global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name"
+                    || rule_id == "global/content/.m.rule.contains_user_name"
+                    || rule_id == "global/override/.m.rule.roomnotif")
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
            let extev_flag = &RoomVersionFeatures::ExtensibleEvents.as_str().to_string();
            let supports_extensible_events = self.room_version_feature_flags.contains(extev_flag);
            let safe_from_rver_condition = SAFE_EXTENSIBLE_EVENTS_RULE_IDS.contains(rule_id);
@ -229,6 +255,14 @@ impl PushRuleEvaluator {
            KnownCondition::RelatedEventMatch(event_match) => {
                self.match_related_event_match(event_match, user_id)?
            }
+            KnownCondition::IsUserMention => {
+                if let Some(uid) = user_id {
+                    self.user_mentions.contains(uid)
+                } else {
+                    false
+                }
+            }
+            KnownCondition::IsRoomMention => self.room_mention,
            KnownCondition::ContainsDisplayName => {
                if let Some(dn) = display_name {
                    if !dn.is_empty() {
@ -424,6 +458,9 @@ fn push_rule_evaluator() {
    flattened_keys.insert("content.body".to_string(), "foo bar bob hello".to_string());
    let evaluator = PushRuleEvaluator::py_new(
        flattened_keys,
+        false,
+        BTreeSet::new(),
+        false,
        10,
        Some(0),
        BTreeMap::new(),
@ -449,6 +486,9 @@ fn test_requires_room_version_supports_condition() {
    let flags = vec![RoomVersionFeatures::ExtensibleEvents.as_str().to_string()];
    let evaluator = PushRuleEvaluator::py_new(
        flattened_keys,
+        false,
+        BTreeSet::new(),
+        false,
        10,
        Some(0),
        BTreeMap::new(),
@ -483,7 +523,7 @@ fn test_requires_room_version_supports_condition() {
    };
    let rules = PushRules::new(vec![custom_rule]);
    result = evaluator.run(
-        &FilteredPushRules::py_new(rules, BTreeMap::new(), true, false, true),
+        &FilteredPushRules::py_new(rules, BTreeMap::new(), true, false, true, false, false),
        None,
        None,
    );
--- a/rust/src/push/mod.rs
+++ b/rust/src/push/mod.rs
@ -269,6 +269,10 @@ pub enum KnownCondition {
    EventMatch(EventMatchCondition),
    #[serde(rename = "im.nheko.msc3664.related_event_match")]
    RelatedEventMatch(RelatedEventMatchCondition),
+    #[serde(rename = "org.matrix.msc3952.is_user_mention")]
+    IsUserMention,
+    #[serde(rename = "org.matrix.msc3952.is_room_mention")]
+    IsRoomMention,
    ContainsDisplayName,
    RoomMemberCount {
        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
@ -414,6 +418,8 @@ pub struct FilteredPushRules {
    msc1767_enabled: bool,
    msc3381_polls_enabled: bool,
    msc3664_enabled: bool,
+    msc3952_intentional_mentions: bool,
+    msc3958_suppress_edits_enabled: bool,
 }

 #[pymethods]
@ -425,6 +431,8 @@ impl FilteredPushRules {
        msc1767_enabled: bool,
        msc3381_polls_enabled: bool,
        msc3664_enabled: bool,
+        msc3952_intentional_mentions: bool,
+        msc3958_suppress_edits_enabled: bool,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            push_rules,
@ -432,6 +440,8 @@ impl FilteredPushRules {
            msc1767_enabled,
            msc3381_polls_enabled,
            msc3664_enabled,
+            msc3952_intentional_mentions,
+            msc3958_suppress_edits_enabled,
        }
    }

@ -465,6 +475,16 @@ impl FilteredPushRules {
                    return false;
                }

+                if !self.msc3952_intentional_mentions && rule.rule_id.contains("org.matrix.msc3952")
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if !self.msc3958_suppress_edits_enabled
+                    && rule.rule_id == "global/override/.com.beeper.suppress_edits"
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
                true
            })
            .map(|r| {
@ -522,6 +542,28 @@ fn test_deserialize_unstable_msc3931_condition() {
    ));
 }

+#[test]
+fn test_deserialize_unstable_msc3952_user_condition() {
+    let json = r#"{"kind":"org.matrix.msc3952.is_user_mention"}"#;
+
+    let condition: Condition = serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(
+        condition,
+        Condition::Known(KnownCondition::IsUserMention)
+    ));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_deserialize_unstable_msc3952_room_condition() {
+    let json = r#"{"kind":"org.matrix.msc3952.is_room_mention"}"#;
+
+    let condition: Condition = serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(
+        condition,
+        Condition::Known(KnownCondition::IsRoomMention)
+    ));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_deserialize_custom_condition() {
    let json = r#"{"kind":"custom_tag"}"#;
--- a/scripts-dev/complement.sh
+++ b/scripts-dev/complement.sh
@ -228,6 +228,11 @@ else
  test_tags="$test_tags,msc2716"
 fi

+if [[ -n "$ASYNCIO_REACTOR" ]]; then
+  # Enable the Twisted asyncio reactor
+  export PASS_SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_USE_ASYNCIO_REACTOR=true
+fi
+

 if [[ -n "$SYNAPSE_TEST_LOG_LEVEL" ]]; then
  # Set the log level to what is desired
--- a/scripts-dev/release.py
+++ b/scripts-dev/release.py
@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ def _upload(gh_token: Optional[str]) -> None:
    repo = get_repo_and_check_clean_checkout()
    tag = repo.tag(f"refs/tags/{tag_name}")
    if repo.head.commit != tag.commit:
-        click.echo("Tag {tag_name} (tag.commit) is not currently checked out!")
+        click.echo(f"Tag {tag_name} ({tag.commit}) is not currently checked out!")
        click.get_current_context().abort()

    # Query all the assets corresponding to this release.
--- a/stubs/synapse/synapse_rust/init.pyi
+++ b/stubs/synapse/synapse_rust/init.pyi
@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 def sum_as_string(a: int, b: int) -> str: ...
 def get_rust_file_digest() -> str: ...
+def reset_logging_config() -> None: ...
--- a/stubs/synapse/synapse_rust/push.pyi
+++ b/stubs/synapse/synapse_rust/push.pyi
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.

-from typing import Any, Collection, Dict, Mapping, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, Collection, Dict, Mapping, Optional, Sequence, Set, Tuple, Union

 from synapse.types import JsonDict

@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ class FilteredPushRules:
        msc1767_enabled: bool,
        msc3381_polls_enabled: bool,
        msc3664_enabled: bool,
+        msc3952_intentional_mentions: bool,
+        msc3958_suppress_edits_enabled: bool,
    ): ...
    def rules(self) -> Collection[Tuple[PushRule, bool]]: ...

@ -55,6 +57,9 @@ class PushRuleEvaluator:
    def __init__(
        self,
        flattened_keys: Mapping[str, str],
+        has_mentions: bool,
+        user_mentions: Set[str],
+        room_mention: bool,
        room_member_count: int,
        sender_power_level: Optional[int],
        notification_power_levels: Mapping[str, int],
--- a/synapse/api/constants.py
+++ b/synapse/api/constants.py
@ -17,6 +17,8 @@

 """Contains constants from the specification."""

+import enum
+
 from typing_extensions import Final

 # the max size of a (canonical-json-encoded) event
@ -231,6 +233,9 @@ class EventContentFields:
    # The authorising user for joining a restricted room.
    AUTHORISING_USER: Final = "join_authorised_via_users_server"

+    # Use for mentioning users.
+    MSC3952_MENTIONS: Final = "org.matrix.msc3952.mentions"
+
    # an unspecced field added to to-device messages to identify them uniquely-ish
    TO_DEVICE_MSGID: Final = "org.matrix.msgid"

@ -290,3 +295,8 @@ class ApprovalNoticeMedium:

    NONE = "org.matrix.msc3866.none"
    EMAIL = "org.matrix.msc3866.email"
+
+
+class Direction(enum.Enum):
+    BACKWARDS = "b"
+    FORWARDS = "f"
--- a/synapse/api/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/api/filtering.py
@ -252,9 +252,9 @@ class FilterCollection:
        return self._room_timeline_filter.unread_thread_notifications

    async def filter_presence(
-        self, events: Iterable[UserPresenceState]
+        self, presence_states: Iterable[UserPresenceState]
    ) -> List[UserPresenceState]:
-        return await self._presence_filter.filter(events)
+        return await self._presence_filter.filter(presence_states)

    async def filter_account_data(self, events: Iterable[JsonDict]) -> List[JsonDict]:
        return await self._account_data.filter(events)
@ -283,6 +283,9 @@ class FilterCollection:
            await self._room_filter.filter(events)
        )

+    def blocks_all_rooms(self) -> bool:
+        return self._room_filter.filters_all_rooms()
+
    def blocks_all_presence(self) -> bool:
        return (
            self._presence_filter.filters_all_types()
--- a/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
+++ b/synapse/app/admin_cmd.py
@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ from synapse.storage.databases.main.appservice import (
    ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore,
    ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
 )
+from synapse.storage.databases.main.client_ips import ClientIpWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.deviceinbox import DeviceInboxWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.devices import DeviceWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.event_federation import EventFederationWorkerStore
@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ from synapse.storage.databases.main.event_push_actions import (
 )
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.filtering import FilteringWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.databases.main.profile import ProfileWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.push_rule import PushRulesWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.receipts import ReceiptsWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.registration import RegistrationWorkerStore
@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ from synapse.storage.databases.main.state import StateGroupWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.stream import StreamWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.tags import TagsWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.user_erasure_store import UserErasureWorkerStore
-from synapse.types import StateMap
+from synapse.types import JsonDict, StateMap
 from synapse.util import SYNAPSE_VERSION
 from synapse.util.logcontext import LoggingContext

@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.app.admin_cmd")

 class AdminCmdSlavedStore(
    FilteringWorkerStore,
+    ClientIpWorkerStore,
    DeviceWorkerStore,
    TagsWorkerStore,
    DeviceInboxWorkerStore,
@ -82,6 +85,7 @@ class AdminCmdSlavedStore(
    EventsWorkerStore,
    RegistrationWorkerStore,
    RoomWorkerStore,
+    ProfileWorkerStore,
 ):
    def __init__(
        self,
@ -192,6 +196,32 @@ class FileExfiltrationWriter(ExfiltrationWriter):
            for event in state.values():
                print(json.dumps(event), file=f)

+    def write_profile(self, profile: JsonDict) -> None:
+        user_directory = os.path.join(self.base_directory, "user_data")
+        os.makedirs(user_directory, exist_ok=True)
+        profile_file = os.path.join(user_directory, "profile")
+
+        with open(profile_file, "a") as f:
+            print(json.dumps(profile), file=f)
+
+    def write_devices(self, devices: List[JsonDict]) -> None:
+        user_directory = os.path.join(self.base_directory, "user_data")
+        os.makedirs(user_directory, exist_ok=True)
+        device_file = os.path.join(user_directory, "devices")
+
+        for device in devices:
+            with open(device_file, "a") as f:
+                print(json.dumps(device), file=f)
+
+    def write_connections(self, connections: List[JsonDict]) -> None:
+        user_directory = os.path.join(self.base_directory, "user_data")
+        os.makedirs(user_directory, exist_ok=True)
+        connection_file = os.path.join(user_directory, "connections")
+
+        for connection in connections:
+            with open(connection_file, "a") as f:
+                print(json.dumps(connection), file=f)
+
    def finished(self) -> str:
        return self.base_directory

--- a/synapse/app/complement_fork_starter.py
+++ b/synapse/app/complement_fork_starter.py
@ -110,6 +110,8 @@ def _worker_entrypoint(
    and then kick off the worker's main() function.
    """

+    from synapse.util.stringutils import strtobool
+
    sys.argv = args

    # reset the custom signal handlers that we installed, so that the children start
@ -117,9 +119,24 @@ def _worker_entrypoint(
    for sig, handler in _original_signal_handlers.items():
        signal.signal(sig, handler)

-    from twisted.internet.epollreactor import EPollReactor
+    # Install the asyncio reactor if the
+    # SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_FORKING_LAUNCHER_ASYNC_IO_REACTOR is set to 1. The
+    # SYNAPSE_ASYNC_IO_REACTOR variable would be used, but then causes
+    # synapse/__init__.py to also try to install an asyncio reactor.
+    if strtobool(
+        os.environ.get("SYNAPSE_COMPLEMENT_FORKING_LAUNCHER_ASYNC_IO_REACTOR", "0")
+    ):
+        import asyncio
+
+        from twisted.internet.asyncioreactor import AsyncioSelectorReactor
+
+        reactor = AsyncioSelectorReactor(asyncio.get_event_loop())
+        proxy_reactor._install_real_reactor(reactor)
+    else:
+        from twisted.internet.epollreactor import EPollReactor
+
+        proxy_reactor._install_real_reactor(EPollReactor())

-    proxy_reactor._install_real_reactor(EPollReactor())
    func()


--- a/synapse/appservice/init.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/init.py
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 import logging
 import re
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Pattern
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Pattern, Sequence

 import attr
 from netaddr import IPSet
@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ class AppServiceTransaction:
        self,
        service: ApplicationService,
        id: int,
-        events: List[EventBase],
+        events: Sequence[EventBase],
        ephemeral: List[JsonDict],
        to_device_messages: List[JsonDict],
        one_time_keys_count: TransactionOneTimeKeysCount,
--- a/synapse/appservice/api.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/api.py
@ -14,7 +14,17 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
 import urllib.parse
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Mapping, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+)

 from prometheus_client import Counter
 from typing_extensions import TypeGuard
@ -259,7 +269,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
    async def push_bulk(
        self,
        service: "ApplicationService",
-        events: List[EventBase],
+        events: Sequence[EventBase],
        ephemeral: List[JsonDict],
        to_device_messages: List[JsonDict],
        one_time_keys_count: TransactionOneTimeKeysCount,
--- a/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ from typing import (
    Iterable,
    List,
    Optional,
+    Sequence,
    Set,
    Tuple,
 )
@ -364,7 +365,7 @@ class _TransactionController:
    async def send(
        self,
        service: ApplicationService,
-        events: List[EventBase],
+        events: Sequence[EventBase],
        ephemeral: Optional[List[JsonDict]] = None,
        to_device_messages: Optional[List[JsonDict]] = None,
        one_time_keys_count: Optional[TransactionOneTimeKeysCount] = None,
--- a/synapse/config/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/config/_base.py
@ -174,15 +174,29 @@ class Config:

    @staticmethod
    def parse_size(value: Union[str, int]) -> int:
-        if isinstance(value, int):
+        """Interpret `value` as a number of bytes.
+
+        If an integer is provided it is treated as bytes and is unchanged.
+
+        String byte sizes can have a suffix of 'K' or `M`, representing kibibytes and
+        mebibytes respectively. No suffix is understood as a plain byte count.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError, if given something other than an integer or a string
+            ValueError: if given a string not of the form described above.
+        """
+        if type(value) is int:
            return value
-        sizes = {"K": 1024, "M": 1024 * 1024}
-        size = 1
-        suffix = value[-1]
-        if suffix in sizes:
-            value = value[:-1]
-            size = sizes[suffix]
-        return int(value) * size
+        elif type(value) is str:
+            sizes = {"K": 1024, "M": 1024 * 1024}
+            size = 1
+            suffix = value[-1]
+            if suffix in sizes:
+                value = value[:-1]
+                size = sizes[suffix]
+            return int(value) * size
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"Bad byte size {value!r}")

    @staticmethod
    def parse_duration(value: Union[str, int]) -> int:
@ -198,22 +212,36 @@ class Config:

        Returns:
            The number of milliseconds in the duration.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError, if given something other than an integer or a string
+            ValueError: if given a string not of the form described above.
        """
-        if isinstance(value, int):
+        if type(value) is int:
            return value
-        second = 1000
-        minute = 60 * second
-        hour = 60 * minute
-        day = 24 * hour
-        week = 7 * day
-        year = 365 * day
-        sizes = {"s": second, "m": minute, "h": hour, "d": day, "w": week, "y": year}
-        size = 1
-        suffix = value[-1]
-        if suffix in sizes:
-            value = value[:-1]
-            size = sizes[suffix]
-        return int(value) * size
+        elif type(value) is str:
+            second = 1000
+            minute = 60 * second
+            hour = 60 * minute
+            day = 24 * hour
+            week = 7 * day
+            year = 365 * day
+            sizes = {
+                "s": second,
+                "m": minute,
+                "h": hour,
+                "d": day,
+                "w": week,
+                "y": year,
+            }
+            size = 1
+            suffix = value[-1]
+            if suffix in sizes:
+                value = value[:-1]
+                size = sizes[suffix]
+            return int(value) * size
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"Bad duration {value!r}")

    @staticmethod
    def abspath(file_path: str) -> str:
--- a/synapse/config/cache.py
+++ b/synapse/config/cache.py
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class CacheConfig(Config):

        cache_config = config.get("caches") or {}
        self.global_factor = cache_config.get("global_factor", _DEFAULT_FACTOR_SIZE)
-        if not isinstance(self.global_factor, (int, float)):
+        if type(self.global_factor) not in (int, float):
            raise ConfigError("caches.global_factor must be a number.")

        # Load cache factors from the config
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class CacheConfig(Config):
        )

        for cache, factor in individual_factors.items():
-            if not isinstance(factor, (int, float)):
+            if type(factor) not in (int, float):
                raise ConfigError(
                    "caches.per_cache_factors.%s must be a number" % (cache,)
                )
--- a/synapse/config/experimental.py
+++ b/synapse/config/experimental.py
@ -168,3 +168,13 @@ class ExperimentalConfig(Config):

        # MSC3925: do not replace events with their edits
        self.msc3925_inhibit_edit = experimental.get("msc3925_inhibit_edit", False)
+
+        # MSC3952: Intentional mentions
+        self.msc3952_intentional_mentions = experimental.get(
+            "msc3952_intentional_mentions", False
+        )
+
+        # MSC3959: Do not generate notifications for edits.
+        self.msc3958_supress_edit_notifs = experimental.get(
+            "msc3958_supress_edit_notifs", False
+        )
--- a/synapse/config/logger.py
+++ b/synapse/config/logger.py
@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from twisted.logger import (

 from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContextFilter
 from synapse.logging.filter import MetadataFilter
+from synapse.synapse_rust import reset_logging_config
 from synapse.types import JsonDict

 from ..util import SYNAPSE_VERSION
@ -200,24 +201,6 @@ def _setup_stdlib_logging(
    """
    Set up Python standard library logging.
    """
-    if log_config_path is None:
-        log_format = (
-            "%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(lineno)d - %(levelname)s - %(request)s"
-            " - %(message)s"
-        )
-
-        logger = logging.getLogger("")
-        logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
-        logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.SQL").setLevel(logging.INFO)
-
-        formatter = logging.Formatter(log_format)
-
-        handler = logging.StreamHandler()
-        handler.setFormatter(formatter)
-        logger.addHandler(handler)
-    else:
-        # Load the logging configuration.
-        _load_logging_config(log_config_path)

    # We add a log record factory that runs all messages through the
    # LoggingContextFilter so that we get the context *at the time we log*
@ -237,6 +220,26 @@ def _setup_stdlib_logging(

    logging.setLogRecordFactory(factory)

+    # Configure the logger with the initial configuration.
+    if log_config_path is None:
+        log_format = (
+            "%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(lineno)d - %(levelname)s - %(request)s"
+            " - %(message)s"
+        )
+
+        logger = logging.getLogger("")
+        logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+        logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.SQL").setLevel(logging.INFO)
+
+        formatter = logging.Formatter(log_format)
+
+        handler = logging.StreamHandler()
+        handler.setFormatter(formatter)
+        logger.addHandler(handler)
+    else:
+        # Load the logging configuration.
+        _load_logging_config(log_config_path)
+
    # Route Twisted's native logging through to the standard library logging
    # system.
    observer = STDLibLogObserver()
@ -294,6 +297,9 @@ def _load_logging_config(log_config_path: str) -> None:

    logging.config.dictConfig(log_config)

+    # Blow away the pyo3-log cache so that it reloads the configuration.
+    reset_logging_config()
+

 def _reload_logging_config(log_config_path: Optional[str]) -> None:
    """
--- a/synapse/config/server.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server.py
@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ def parse_listener_def(num: int, listener: Any) -> ListenerConfig:
        raise ConfigError(DIRECT_TCP_ERROR, ("listeners", str(num), "type"))

    port = listener.get("port")
-    if not isinstance(port, int):
+    if type(port) is not int:
        raise ConfigError("Listener configuration is lacking a valid 'port' option")

    tls = listener.get("tls", False)
--- a/synapse/event_auth.py
+++ b/synapse/event_auth.py
@ -875,11 +875,11 @@ def _check_power_levels(
                "kick",
                "invite",
            }:
-                if not isinstance(v, int):
+                if type(v) is not int:
                    raise SynapseError(400, f"{v!r} must be an integer.")
            if k in {"events", "notifications", "users"}:
                if not isinstance(v, collections.abc.Mapping) or not all(
-                    isinstance(v, int) for v in v.values()
+                    type(v) is int for v in v.values()
                ):
                    raise SynapseError(
                        400,
--- a/synapse/events/utils.py
+++ b/synapse/events/utils.py
@ -605,10 +605,11 @@ class EventClientSerializer:


 _PowerLevel = Union[str, int]
+PowerLevelsContent = Mapping[str, Union[_PowerLevel, Mapping[str, _PowerLevel]]]


 def copy_and_fixup_power_levels_contents(
-    old_power_levels: Mapping[str, Union[_PowerLevel, Mapping[str, _PowerLevel]]]
+    old_power_levels: PowerLevelsContent,
 ) -> Dict[str, Union[int, Dict[str, int]]]:
    """Copy the content of a power_levels event, unfreezing frozendicts along the way.

@ -647,10 +648,10 @@ def _copy_power_level_value_as_integer(
 ) -> None:
    """Set `power_levels[key]` to the integer represented by `old_value`.

-    :raises TypeError: if `old_value` is not an integer, nor a base-10 string
+    :raises TypeError: if `old_value` is neither an integer nor a base-10 string
        representation of an integer.
    """
-    if isinstance(old_value, int):
+    if type(old_value) is int:
        power_levels[key] = old_value
        return

@ -678,7 +679,7 @@ def validate_canonicaljson(value: Any) -> None:
    * Floats
    * NaN, Infinity, -Infinity
    """
-    if isinstance(value, int):
+    if type(value) is int:
        if value < CANONICALJSON_MIN_INT or CANONICALJSON_MAX_INT < value:
            raise SynapseError(400, "JSON integer out of range", Codes.BAD_JSON)

--- a/synapse/events/validator.py
+++ b/synapse/events/validator.py
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class EventValidator:
        max_lifetime = event.content.get("max_lifetime")

        if min_lifetime is not None:
-            if not isinstance(min_lifetime, int):
+            if type(min_lifetime) is not int:
                raise SynapseError(
                    code=400,
                    msg="'min_lifetime' must be an integer",
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class EventValidator:
                )

        if max_lifetime is not None:
-            if not isinstance(max_lifetime, int):
+            if type(max_lifetime) is not int:
                raise SynapseError(
                    code=400,
                    msg="'max_lifetime' must be an integer",
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ def event_from_pdu_json(pdu_json: JsonDict, room_version: RoomVersion) -> EventB
        _strip_unsigned_values(pdu_json)

    depth = pdu_json["depth"]
-    if not isinstance(depth, int):
+    if type(depth) is not int:
        raise SynapseError(400, "Depth %r not an intger" % (depth,), Codes.BAD_JSON)

    if depth < 0:
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import itertools
 import logging
 from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    AbstractSet,
    Awaitable,
    Callable,
    Collection,
@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ from typing import (
 import attr
 from prometheus_client import Counter

-from synapse.api.constants import EventContentFields, EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import Direction, EventContentFields, EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import (
    CodeMessageException,
    Codes,
@ -110,8 +111,9 @@ class SendJoinResult:
    # True if 'state' elides non-critical membership events
    partial_state: bool

-    # if 'partial_state' is set, a list of the servers in the room (otherwise empty)
-    servers_in_room: List[str]
+    # If 'partial_state' is set, a set of the servers in the room (otherwise empty).
+    # Always contains the server we joined off.
+    servers_in_room: AbstractSet[str]


 class FederationClient(FederationBase):
@ -1152,15 +1154,24 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                    % (auth_chain_create_events,)
                )

-            if response.members_omitted and not response.servers_in_room:
-                raise InvalidResponseError(
-                    "members_omitted was set, but no servers were listed in the room"
-                )
+            servers_in_room = None
+            if response.servers_in_room is not None:
+                servers_in_room = set(response.servers_in_room)

-            if response.members_omitted and not partial_state:
-                raise InvalidResponseError(
-                    "members_omitted was set, but we asked for full state"
-                )
+            if response.members_omitted:
+                if not servers_in_room:
+                    raise InvalidResponseError(
+                        "members_omitted was set, but no servers were listed in the room"
+                    )
+
+                if not partial_state:
+                    raise InvalidResponseError(
+                        "members_omitted was set, but we asked for full state"
+                    )
+
+                # `servers_in_room` is supposed to be a complete list.
+                # Fix things up in case the remote homeserver is badly behaved.
+                servers_in_room.add(destination)

            return SendJoinResult(
                event=event,
@ -1168,7 +1179,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                auth_chain=signed_auth,
                origin=destination,
                partial_state=response.members_omitted,
-                servers_in_room=response.servers_in_room or [],
+                servers_in_room=servers_in_room or frozenset(),
            )

        # MSC3083 defines additional error codes for room joins.
@ -1680,7 +1691,12 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
        return result

    async def timestamp_to_event(
-        self, *, destinations: List[str], room_id: str, timestamp: int, direction: str
+        self,
+        *,
+        destinations: List[str],
+        room_id: str,
+        timestamp: int,
+        direction: Direction,
    ) -> Optional["TimestampToEventResponse"]:
        """
        Calls each remote federating server from `destinations` asking for their closest
@ -1693,7 +1709,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
            room_id: Room to fetch the event from
            timestamp: The point in time (inclusive) we should navigate from in
                the given direction to find the closest event.
-            direction: ["f"|"b"] to indicate whether we should navigate forward
+            direction: indicates whether we should navigate forward
                or backward from the given timestamp to find the closest event.

        Returns:
@ -1738,7 +1754,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
            return None

    async def _timestamp_to_event_from_destination(
-        self, destination: str, room_id: str, timestamp: int, direction: str
+        self, destination: str, room_id: str, timestamp: int, direction: Direction
    ) -> "TimestampToEventResponse":
        """
        Calls a remote federating server at `destination` asking for their
@ -1751,7 +1767,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
            room_id: Room to fetch the event from
            timestamp: The point in time (inclusive) we should navigate from in
                the given direction to find the closest event.
-            direction: ["f"|"b"] to indicate whether we should navigate forward
+            direction: indicates whether we should navigate forward
                or backward from the given timestamp to find the closest event.

        Returns:
@ -1864,7 +1880,7 @@ class TimestampToEventResponse:
            )

        origin_server_ts = d.get("origin_server_ts")
-        if not isinstance(origin_server_ts, int):
+        if type(origin_server_ts) is not int:
            raise ValueError(
                "Invalid response: 'origin_server_ts' must be a int but received %r"
                % origin_server_ts
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@ -34,7 +34,13 @@ from prometheus_client import Counter, Gauge, Histogram
 from twisted.internet.abstract import isIPAddress
 from twisted.python import failure

-from synapse.api.constants import EduTypes, EventContentFields, EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import (
+    Direction,
+    EduTypes,
+    EventContentFields,
+    EventTypes,
+    Membership,
+)
 from synapse.api.errors import (
    AuthError,
    Codes,
@ -62,7 +68,9 @@ from synapse.logging.context import (
    run_in_background,
 )
 from synapse.logging.opentracing import (
+    SynapseTags,
    log_kv,
+    set_tag,
    start_active_span_from_edu,
    tag_args,
    trace,
@ -216,7 +224,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
        return 200, res

    async def on_timestamp_to_event_request(
-        self, origin: str, room_id: str, timestamp: int, direction: str
+        self, origin: str, room_id: str, timestamp: int, direction: Direction
    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any]]:
        """When we receive a federated `/timestamp_to_event` request,
        handle all of the logic for validating and fetching the event.
@ -226,7 +234,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
            room_id: Room to fetch the event from
            timestamp: The point in time (inclusive) we should navigate from in
                the given direction to find the closest event.
-            direction: ["f"|"b"] to indicate whether we should navigate forward
+            direction: indicates whether we should navigate forward
                or backward from the given timestamp to find the closest event.

        Returns:
@ -678,6 +686,10 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
        room_id: str,
        caller_supports_partial_state: bool = False,
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        set_tag(
+            SynapseTags.SEND_JOIN_RESPONSE_IS_PARTIAL_STATE,
+            caller_supports_partial_state,
+        )
        await self._room_member_handler._join_rate_per_room_limiter.ratelimit(  # type: ignore[has-type]
            requester=None,
            key=room_id,
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/init.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/init.py
@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ class FederationSender(AbstractFederationSender):
                            )
                        )

-                        if len(partial_state_destinations) > 0:
+                        if partial_state_destinations is not None:
                            destinations = partial_state_destinations

                    if destinations is None:
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ from typing import (
 import attr
 import ijson

-from synapse.api.constants import Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import Direction, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, HttpResponseException, SynapseError
 from synapse.api.room_versions import RoomVersion
 from synapse.api.urls import (
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient:
        )

    async def timestamp_to_event(
-        self, destination: str, room_id: str, timestamp: int, direction: str
+        self, destination: str, room_id: str, timestamp: int, direction: Direction
    ) -> Union[JsonDict, List]:
        """
        Calls a remote federating server at `destination` asking for their
@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient:
            room_id: Room to fetch the event from
            timestamp: The point in time (inclusive) we should navigate from in
                the given direction to find the closest event.
-            direction: ["f"|"b"] to indicate whether we should navigate forward
+            direction: indicates whether we should navigate forward
                or backward from the given timestamp to find the closest event.

        Returns:
@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient:
            room_id,
        )

-        args = {"ts": [str(timestamp)], "dir": [direction]}
+        args = {"ts": [str(timestamp)], "dir": [direction.value]}

        remote_response = await self.client.get_json(
            destination, path=path, args=args, try_trailing_slash_on_400=True
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/server/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/server/federation.py
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from typing import (

 from typing_extensions import Literal

-from synapse.api.constants import EduTypes
+from synapse.api.constants import Direction, EduTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
 from synapse.api.room_versions import RoomVersions
 from synapse.api.urls import FEDERATION_UNSTABLE_PREFIX, FEDERATION_V2_PREFIX
@ -234,9 +234,10 @@ class FederationTimestampLookupServlet(BaseFederationServerServlet):
        room_id: str,
    ) -> Tuple[int, JsonDict]:
        timestamp = parse_integer_from_args(query, "ts", required=True)
-        direction = parse_string_from_args(
-            query, "dir", default="f", allowed_values=["f", "b"], required=True
+        direction_str = parse_string_from_args(
+            query, "dir", allowed_values=["f", "b"], required=True
        )
+        direction = Direction(direction_str)

        return await self.handler.on_timestamp_to_event_request(
            origin, room_id, timestamp, direction
--- a/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
 import random
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Awaitable, Callable, Collection, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Awaitable, Callable, List, Optional, Tuple

 from synapse.api.constants import AccountDataTypes
 from synapse.replication.http.account_data import (
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from synapse.replication.http.account_data import (
    ReplicationRemoveUserAccountDataRestServlet,
 )
 from synapse.streams import EventSource
-from synapse.types import JsonDict, StreamKeyType, UserID
+from synapse.types import JsonDict, StrCollection, StreamKeyType, UserID

 if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from synapse.server import HomeServer
@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ class AccountDataEventSource(EventSource[int, JsonDict]):
    def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
        self.store = hs.get_datastores().main

-    def get_current_key(self, direction: str = "f") -> int:
+    def get_current_key(self) -> int:
        return self.store.get_max_account_data_stream_id()

    async def get_new_events(
@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class AccountDataEventSource(EventSource[int, JsonDict]):
        user: UserID,
        from_key: int,
        limit: int,
-        room_ids: Collection[str],
+        room_ids: StrCollection,
        is_guest: bool,
        explicit_room_id: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Tuple[List[JsonDict], int]:
--- a/synapse/handlers/admin.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import abc
 import logging
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set

-from synapse.api.constants import Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import Direction, Membership
 from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.types import JsonDict, RoomStreamToken, StateMap, UserID
 from synapse.visibility import filter_events_for_client
@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class AdminHandler:
    def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
        self.store = hs.get_datastores().main
+        self._device_handler = hs.get_device_handler()
        self._storage_controllers = hs.get_storage_controllers()
        self._state_storage_controller = self._storage_controllers.state
        self._msc3866_enabled = hs.config.experimental.msc3866.enabled
@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ class AdminHandler:
            # efficient method perhaps but it does guarantee we get everything.
            while True:
                events, _ = await self.store.paginate_room_events(
-                    room_id, from_key, to_key, limit=100, direction="f"
+                    room_id, from_key, to_key, limit=100, direction=Direction.FORWARDS
                )
                if not events:
                    break
@ -247,6 +248,21 @@ class AdminHandler:
                )
                writer.write_state(room_id, event_id, state)

+        # Get the user profile
+        profile = await self.get_user(UserID.from_string(user_id))
+        if profile is not None:
+            writer.write_profile(profile)
+
+        # Get all devices the user has
+        devices = await self._device_handler.get_devices_by_user(user_id)
+        writer.write_devices(devices)
+
+        # Get all connections the user has
+        connections = await self.get_whois(UserID.from_string(user_id))
+        writer.write_connections(
+            connections["devices"][""]["sessions"][0]["connections"]
+        )
+
        return writer.finished()


@ -297,6 +313,33 @@ class ExfiltrationWriter(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def write_profile(self, profile: JsonDict) -> None:
+        """Write the profile of a user.
+
+        Args:
+            profile: The user profile.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def write_devices(self, devices: List[JsonDict]) -> None:
+        """Write the devices of a user.
+
+        Args:
+            devices: The list of devices.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def write_connections(self, connections: List[JsonDict]) -> None:
+        """Write the connections of a user.
+
+        Args:
+            connections: The list of connections / sessions.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def finished(self) -> Any:
        """Called when all data has successfully been exported and written.
--- a/synapse/handlers/device.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/device.py
@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from http import HTTPStatus
 from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
    Any,
-    Collection,
    Dict,
    Iterable,
    List,
@ -45,6 +44,7 @@ from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import (
 )
 from synapse.types import (
    JsonDict,
+    StrCollection,
    StreamKeyType,
    StreamToken,
    UserID,
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerHandler:

    @cancellable
    async def get_device_changes_in_shared_rooms(
-        self, user_id: str, room_ids: Collection[str], from_token: StreamToken
+        self, user_id: str, room_ids: StrCollection, from_token: StreamToken
    ) -> Set[str]:
        """Get the set of users whose devices have changed who share a room with
        the given user.
@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
    @trace
    @measure_func("notify_device_update")
    async def notify_device_update(
-        self, user_id: str, device_ids: Collection[str]
+        self, user_id: str, device_ids: StrCollection
    ) -> None:
        """Notify that a user's device(s) has changed. Pokes the notifier, and
        remote servers if the user is local.
@ -859,6 +859,7 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
        known_hosts_at_join = await self.store.get_partial_state_servers_at_join(
            room_id
        )
+        assert known_hosts_at_join is not None
        potentially_changed_hosts.difference_update(known_hosts_at_join)

        potentially_changed_hosts.discard(self.server_name)
--- a/synapse/handlers/event_auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/event_auth.py
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection, List, Mapping, Optional, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Mapping, Optional, Union

 from synapse import event_auth
 from synapse.api.constants import (
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ from synapse.event_auth import (
 )
 from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.events.builder import EventBuilder
-from synapse.types import StateMap, get_domain_from_id
+from synapse.types import StateMap, StrCollection, get_domain_from_id

 if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from synapse.server import HomeServer
@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ class EventAuthHandler:

    async def get_rooms_that_allow_join(
        self, state_ids: StateMap[str]
-    ) -> Collection[str]:
+    ) -> StrCollection:
        """
        Generate a list of rooms in which membership allows access to a room.

@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ class EventAuthHandler:

        return result

-    async def is_user_in_rooms(self, room_ids: Collection[str], user_id: str) -> bool:
+    async def is_user_in_rooms(self, room_ids: StrCollection, user_id: str) -> bool:
        """
        Check whether a user is a member of any of the provided rooms.

--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 from http import HTTPStatus
 from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
-    Collection,
+    AbstractSet,
    Dict,
    Iterable,
    List,
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ from synapse.replication.http.federation import (
 )
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.events import PartialStateConflictError
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.events_worker import EventRedactBehaviour
-from synapse.types import JsonDict, get_domain_from_id
+from synapse.types import JsonDict, StrCollection, get_domain_from_id
 from synapse.types.state import StateFilter
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
 from synapse.util.retryutils import NotRetryingDestination
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class FederationHandler:
        # A dictionary mapping room IDs to (initial destination, other destinations)
        # tuples.
        self._partial_state_syncs_maybe_needing_restart: Dict[
-            str, Tuple[Optional[str], Collection[str]]
+            str, Tuple[Optional[str], AbstractSet[str]]
        ] = {}
        # A lock guarding the partial state flag for rooms.
        # When the lock is held for a given room, no other concurrent code may
@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ class FederationHandler:
            )
        )

-        async def try_backfill(domains: Collection[str]) -> bool:
+        async def try_backfill(domains: StrCollection) -> bool:
            # TODO: Should we try multiple of these at a time?

            # Number of contacted remote homeservers that have denied our backfill
@ -1730,7 +1730,7 @@ class FederationHandler:
    def _start_partial_state_room_sync(
        self,
        initial_destination: Optional[str],
-        other_destinations: Collection[str],
+        other_destinations: AbstractSet[str],
        room_id: str,
    ) -> None:
        """Starts the background process to resync the state of a partial state room,
@ -1812,7 +1812,7 @@ class FederationHandler:
    async def _sync_partial_state_room(
        self,
        initial_destination: Optional[str],
-        other_destinations: Collection[str],
+        other_destinations: AbstractSet[str],
        room_id: str,
    ) -> None:
        """Background process to resync the state of a partial-state room
@ -1949,9 +1949,9 @@ class FederationHandler:

 def _prioritise_destinations_for_partial_state_resync(
    initial_destination: Optional[str],
-    other_destinations: Collection[str],
+    other_destinations: AbstractSet[str],
    room_id: str,
-) -> Collection[str]:
+) -> StrCollection:
    """Work out the order in which we should ask servers to resync events.

    If an `initial_destination` is given, it takes top priority. Otherwise
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation_event.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation_event.py
@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ from synapse.types import (
    PersistedEventPosition,
    RoomStreamToken,
    StateMap,
+    StrCollection,
    UserID,
    get_domain_from_id,
 )
@ -615,7 +616,7 @@ class FederationEventHandler:

    @trace
    async def backfill(
-        self, dest: str, room_id: str, limit: int, extremities: Collection[str]
+        self, dest: str, room_id: str, limit: int, extremities: StrCollection
    ) -> None:
        """Trigger a backfill request to `dest` for the given `room_id`

@ -1565,7 +1566,7 @@ class FederationEventHandler:
    @trace
    @tag_args
    async def _get_events_and_persist(
-        self, destination: str, room_id: str, event_ids: Collection[str]
+        self, destination: str, room_id: str, event_ids: StrCollection
    ) -> None:
        """Fetch the given events from a server, and persist them as outliers.

--- a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
@ -15,7 +15,13 @@
 import logging
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Tuple, cast

-from synapse.api.constants import AccountDataTypes, EduTypes, EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import (
+    AccountDataTypes,
+    Direction,
+    EduTypes,
+    EventTypes,
+    Membership,
+)
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.events.utils import SerializeEventConfig
@ -57,7 +63,13 @@ class InitialSyncHandler:
        self.validator = EventValidator()
        self.snapshot_cache: ResponseCache[
            Tuple[
-                str, Optional[StreamToken], Optional[StreamToken], str, int, bool, bool
+                str,
+                Optional[StreamToken],
+                Optional[StreamToken],
+                Direction,
+                int,
+                bool,
+                bool,
            ]
        ] = ResponseCache(hs.get_clock(), "initial_sync_cache")
        self._event_serializer = hs.get_event_client_serializer()
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ class MessageHandler:
        """

        expiry_ts = event.content.get(EventContentFields.SELF_DESTRUCT_AFTER)
-        if not isinstance(expiry_ts, int) or event.is_state():
+        if type(expiry_ts) is not int or event.is_state():
            return

        # _schedule_expiry_for_event won't actually schedule anything if there's already
@ -1952,7 +1952,9 @@ class EventCreationHandler:
            if not dont_notify and event.type == EventTypes.Message:
                # We don't want to block sending messages on any presence code. This
                # matters as sometimes presence code can take a while.
-                run_in_background(self._bump_active_time, requester.user)
+                run_as_background_process(
+                    "bump_presence_active_time", self._bump_active_time, requester.user
+                )

        async def _notify() -> None:
            try:
--- a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection, Dict, List, Optional, Set
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Set

 import attr

 from twisted.python.failure import Failure

-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import Direction, EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 from synapse.api.filtering import Filter
 from synapse.events.utils import SerializeEventConfig
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from synapse.logging.opentracing import trace
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.rest.admin._base import assert_user_is_admin
 from synapse.streams.config import PaginationConfig
-from synapse.types import JsonDict, Requester, StreamKeyType
+from synapse.types import JsonDict, Requester, StrCollection, StreamKeyType
 from synapse.types.state import StateFilter
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import ReadWriteLock
 from synapse.util.stringutils import random_string
@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ class PaginationHandler:
        """
        return self._delete_by_id.get(delete_id)

-    def get_delete_ids_by_room(self, room_id: str) -> Optional[Collection[str]]:
+    def get_delete_ids_by_room(self, room_id: str) -> Optional[StrCollection]:
        """Get all active delete ids by room

        Args:
@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ class PaginationHandler:

        if pagin_config.from_token:
            from_token = pagin_config.from_token
-        elif pagin_config.direction == "f":
+        elif pagin_config.direction == Direction.FORWARDS:
            from_token = (
                await self.hs.get_event_sources().get_start_token_for_pagination(
                    room_id
@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ class PaginationHandler:
                    room_id, requester, allow_departed_users=True
                )

-            if pagin_config.direction == "b":
+            if pagin_config.direction == Direction.BACKWARDS:
                # if we're going backwards, we might need to backfill. This
                # requires that we have a topo token.
                if room_token.topological:
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@ -64,7 +64,13 @@ from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import ClearUserSyncsCommand
 from synapse.replication.tcp.streams import PresenceFederationStream, PresenceStream
 from synapse.storage.databases.main import DataStore
 from synapse.streams import EventSource
-from synapse.types import JsonDict, StreamKeyType, UserID, get_domain_from_id
+from synapse.types import (
+    JsonDict,
+    StrCollection,
+    StreamKeyType,
+    UserID,
+    get_domain_from_id,
+)
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
 from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
 from synapse.util.wheel_timer import WheelTimer
@ -320,7 +326,7 @@ class BasePresenceHandler(abc.ABC):
        for destination, host_states in hosts_to_states.items():
            self._federation.send_presence_to_destinations(host_states, [destination])

-    async def send_full_presence_to_users(self, user_ids: Collection[str]) -> None:
+    async def send_full_presence_to_users(self, user_ids: StrCollection) -> None:
        """
        Adds to the list of users who should receive a full snapshot of presence
        upon their next sync. Note that this only works for local users.
@ -1601,7 +1607,7 @@ class PresenceEventSource(EventSource[int, UserPresenceState]):
        # Having a default limit doesn't match the EventSource API, but some
        # callers do not provide it. It is unused in this class.
        limit: int = 0,
-        room_ids: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
+        room_ids: Optional[StrCollection] = None,
        is_guest: bool = False,
        explicit_room_id: Optional[str] = None,
        include_offline: bool = True,
@ -1688,7 +1694,7 @@ class PresenceEventSource(EventSource[int, UserPresenceState]):

            # The set of users that we're interested in and that have had a presence update.
            # We'll actually pull the presence updates for these users at the end.
-            interested_and_updated_users: Collection[str]
+            interested_and_updated_users: StrCollection

            if from_key is not None:
                # First get all users that have had a presence update
@ -2120,7 +2126,7 @@ class PresenceFederationQueue:
        # stream_id, destinations, user_ids)`. We don't store the full states
        # for efficiency, and remote workers will already have the full states
        # cached.
-        self._queue: List[Tuple[int, int, Collection[str], Set[str]]] = []
+        self._queue: List[Tuple[int, int, StrCollection, Set[str]]] = []

        self._next_id = 1

@ -2142,7 +2148,7 @@ class PresenceFederationQueue:
        self._queue = self._queue[index:]

    def send_presence_to_destinations(
-        self, states: Collection[UserPresenceState], destinations: Collection[str]
+        self, states: Collection[UserPresenceState], destinations: StrCollection
    ) -> None:
        """Send the presence states to the given destinations.

--- a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
@ -316,5 +316,5 @@ class ReceiptEventSource(EventSource[int, JsonDict]):

        return events, to_key

-    def get_current_key(self, direction: str = "f") -> int:
+    def get_current_key(self) -> int:
        return self.store.get_max_receipt_stream_id()
--- a/synapse/handlers/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/relations.py
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection, Dict, FrozenSet, Iterable, List, O

 import attr

-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, RelationTypes
+from synapse.api.constants import Direction, EventTypes, RelationTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 from synapse.events import EventBase, relation_from_event
 from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable, run_in_background
@ -413,7 +413,11 @@ class RelationsHandler:

                # Attempt to find another event to use as the latest event.
                potential_events, _ = await self._main_store.get_relations_for_event(
-                    event_id, event, room_id, RelationTypes.THREAD, direction="f"
+                    event_id,
+                    event,
+                    room_id,
+                    RelationTypes.THREAD,
+                    direction=Direction.FORWARDS,
                )

                # Filter out ignored users.
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@ -20,22 +20,14 @@ import random
 import string
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from http import HTTPStatus
-from typing import (
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-    Any,
-    Awaitable,
-    Collection,
-    Dict,
-    List,
-    Optional,
-    Tuple,
-)
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Awaitable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple

 import attr
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict

 import synapse.events.snapshot
 from synapse.api.constants import (
+    Direction,
    EventContentFields,
    EventTypes,
    GuestAccess,
@ -72,6 +64,7 @@ from synapse.types import (
    RoomID,
    RoomStreamToken,
    StateMap,
+    StrCollection,
    StreamKeyType,
    StreamToken,
    UserID,
@ -1507,7 +1500,7 @@ class TimestampLookupHandler:
        requester: Requester,
        room_id: str,
        timestamp: int,
-        direction: str,
+        direction: Direction,
    ) -> Tuple[str, int]:
        """Find the closest event to the given timestamp in the given direction.
        If we can't find an event locally or the event we have locally is next to a gap,
@ -1518,7 +1511,7 @@ class TimestampLookupHandler:
            room_id: Room to fetch the event from
            timestamp: The point in time (inclusive) we should navigate from in
                the given direction to find the closest event.
-            direction: ["f"|"b"] to indicate whether we should navigate forward
+            direction: indicates whether we should navigate forward
                or backward from the given timestamp to find the closest event.

        Returns:
@ -1553,13 +1546,13 @@ class TimestampLookupHandler:
                local_event_id, allow_none=False, allow_rejected=False
            )

-            if direction == "f":
+            if direction == Direction.FORWARDS:
                # We only need to check for a backward gap if we're looking forwards
                # to ensure there is nothing in between.
                is_event_next_to_backward_gap = (
                    await self.store.is_event_next_to_backward_gap(local_event)
                )
-            elif direction == "b":
+            elif direction == Direction.BACKWARDS:
                # We only need to check for a forward gap if we're looking backwards
                # to ensure there is nothing in between
                is_event_next_to_forward_gap = (
@ -1656,7 +1649,7 @@ class RoomEventSource(EventSource[RoomStreamToken, EventBase]):
        user: UserID,
        from_key: RoomStreamToken,
        limit: int,
-        room_ids: Collection[str],
+        room_ids: StrCollection,
        is_guest: bool,
        explicit_room_id: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> Tuple[List[EventBase], RoomStreamToken]:
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_summary.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_summary.py
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
 )
 from synapse.api.ratelimiting import Ratelimiter
 from synapse.events import EventBase
-from synapse.types import JsonDict, Requester
+from synapse.types import JsonDict, Requester, StrCollection
 from synapse.util.caches.response_cache import ResponseCache

 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ class _RoomQueueEntry:
    # The room ID of this entry.
    room_id: str
    # The server to query if the room is not known locally.
-    via: Sequence[str]
+    via: StrCollection
    # The minimum number of hops necessary to get to this room (compared to the
    # originally requested room).
    depth: int = 0
--- a/synapse/handlers/search.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/search.py
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@

 import itertools
 import logging
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple

 import attr
 from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64, encode_base64
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError, SynapseError
 from synapse.api.filtering import Filter
 from synapse.events import EventBase
-from synapse.types import JsonDict, StreamKeyType, UserID
+from synapse.types import JsonDict, StrCollection, StreamKeyType, UserID
 from synapse.types.state import StateFilter
 from synapse.visibility import filter_events_for_client

@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ class SearchHandler:
    async def _search_by_rank(
        self,
        user: UserID,
-        room_ids: Collection[str],
+        room_ids: StrCollection,
        search_term: str,
        keys: Iterable[str],
        search_filter: Filter,
@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ class SearchHandler:
    async def _search_by_recent(
        self,
        user: UserID,
-        room_ids: Collection[str],
+        room_ids: StrCollection,
        search_term: str,
        keys: Iterable[str],
        search_filter: Filter,
--- a/synapse/handlers/sso.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sso.py
@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from typing import (
    Any,
    Awaitable,
    Callable,
-    Collection,
    Dict,
    Iterable,
    List,
@ -47,6 +46,7 @@ from synapse.http.server import respond_with_html, respond_with_redirect
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
 from synapse.types import (
    JsonDict,
+    StrCollection,
    UserID,
    contains_invalid_mxid_characters,
    create_requester,
@ -141,7 +141,8 @@ class UserAttributes:
    confirm_localpart: bool = False
    display_name: Optional[str] = None
    picture: Optional[str] = None
-    emails: Collection[str] = attr.Factory(list)
+    # mypy thinks these are incompatible for some reason.
+    emails: StrCollection = attr.Factory(list)  # type: ignore[assignment]


@attr.s(slots=True, auto_attribs=True)
@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ class UsernameMappingSession:

    # attributes returned by the ID mapper
    display_name: Optional[str]
-    emails: Collection[str]
+    emails: StrCollection

    # An optional dictionary of extra attributes to be provided to the client in the
    # login response.
@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ class UsernameMappingSession:
    # choices made by the user
    chosen_localpart: Optional[str] = None
    use_display_name: bool = True
-    emails_to_use: Collection[str] = ()
+    emails_to_use: StrCollection = ()
    terms_accepted_version: Optional[str] = None


--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
    AbstractSet,
    Any,
-    Collection,
    Dict,
    FrozenSet,
    List,
@ -62,6 +61,7 @@ from synapse.types import (
    Requester,
    RoomStreamToken,
    StateMap,
+    StrCollection,
    StreamKeyType,
    StreamToken,
    UserID,
@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ class SyncHandler:
    async def _find_missing_partial_state_memberships(
        self,
        room_id: str,
-        members_to_fetch: Collection[str],
+        members_to_fetch: StrCollection,
        events_with_membership_auth: Mapping[str, EventBase],
        found_state_ids: StateMap[str],
    ) -> StateMap[str]:
@ -1447,39 +1447,67 @@ class SyncHandler:
            sync_result_builder
        )

-        logger.debug("Fetching room data")
-
-        (
-            newly_joined_rooms,
-            newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users,
-            newly_left_rooms,
-            newly_left_users,
-        ) = await self._generate_sync_entry_for_rooms(
-            sync_result_builder, account_data_by_room
+        # Presence data is included if the server has it enabled and not filtered out.
+        include_presence_data = bool(
+            self.hs_config.server.use_presence
+            and not sync_config.filter_collection.blocks_all_presence()
        )
+        # Device list updates are sent if a since token is provided.
+        include_device_list_updates = bool(since_token and since_token.device_list_key)

-        block_all_presence_data = (
-            since_token is None and sync_config.filter_collection.blocks_all_presence()
-        )
-        if self.hs_config.server.use_presence and not block_all_presence_data:
-            logger.debug("Fetching presence data")
-            await self._generate_sync_entry_for_presence(
-                sync_result_builder,
+        # If we do not care about the rooms or things which depend on the room
+        # data (namely presence and device list updates), then we can skip
+        # this process completely.
+        device_lists = DeviceListUpdates()
+        if (
+            not sync_result_builder.sync_config.filter_collection.blocks_all_rooms()
+            or include_presence_data
+            or include_device_list_updates
+        ):
+            logger.debug("Fetching room data")
+
+            # Note that _generate_sync_entry_for_rooms sets sync_result_builder.joined, which
+            # is used in calculate_user_changes below.
+            (
                newly_joined_rooms,
-                newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users,
+                newly_left_rooms,
+            ) = await self._generate_sync_entry_for_rooms(
+                sync_result_builder, account_data_by_room
            )

+            # Work out which users have joined or left rooms we're in. We use this
+            # to build the presence and device_list parts of the sync response in
+            # `_generate_sync_entry_for_presence` and
+            # `_generate_sync_entry_for_device_list` respectively.
+            if include_presence_data or include_device_list_updates:
+                # This uses the sync_result_builder.joined which is set in
+                # `_generate_sync_entry_for_rooms`, if that didn't find any joined
+                # rooms for some reason it is a no-op.
+                (
+                    newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users,
+                    newly_left_users,
+                ) = sync_result_builder.calculate_user_changes()
+
+                if include_presence_data:
+                    logger.debug("Fetching presence data")
+                    await self._generate_sync_entry_for_presence(
+                        sync_result_builder,
+                        newly_joined_rooms,
+                        newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users,
+                    )
+
+                if include_device_list_updates:
+                    device_lists = await self._generate_sync_entry_for_device_list(
+                        sync_result_builder,
+                        newly_joined_rooms=newly_joined_rooms,
+                        newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users=newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users,
+                        newly_left_rooms=newly_left_rooms,
+                        newly_left_users=newly_left_users,
+                    )
+
        logger.debug("Fetching to-device data")
        await self._generate_sync_entry_for_to_device(sync_result_builder)

-        device_lists = await self._generate_sync_entry_for_device_list(
-            sync_result_builder,
-            newly_joined_rooms=newly_joined_rooms,
-            newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users=newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users,
-            newly_left_rooms=newly_left_rooms,
-            newly_left_users=newly_left_users,
-        )
-
        logger.debug("Fetching OTK data")
        device_id = sync_config.device_id
        one_time_keys_count: JsonDict = {}
@ -1548,6 +1576,7 @@ class SyncHandler:

        user_id = sync_result_builder.sync_config.user.to_string()
        since_token = sync_result_builder.since_token
+        assert since_token is not None

        # Take a copy since these fields will be mutated later.
        newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users = set(
@ -1555,92 +1584,85 @@ class SyncHandler:
        )
        newly_left_users = set(newly_left_users)

-        if since_token and since_token.device_list_key:
-            # We want to figure out what user IDs the client should refetch
-            # device keys for, and which users we aren't going to track changes
-            # for anymore.
-            #
-            # For the first step we check:
-            #   a. if any users we share a room with have updated their devices,
-            #      and
-            #   b. we also check if we've joined any new rooms, or if a user has
-            #      joined a room we're in.
-            #
-            # For the second step we just find any users we no longer share a
-            # room with by looking at all users that have left a room plus users
-            # that were in a room we've left.
+        # We want to figure out what user IDs the client should refetch
+        # device keys for, and which users we aren't going to track changes
+        # for anymore.
+        #
+        # For the first step we check:
+        #   a. if any users we share a room with have updated their devices,
+        #      and
+        #   b. we also check if we've joined any new rooms, or if a user has
+        #      joined a room we're in.
+        #
+        # For the second step we just find any users we no longer share a
+        # room with by looking at all users that have left a room plus users
+        # that were in a room we've left.

-            users_that_have_changed = set()
+        users_that_have_changed = set()

-            joined_rooms = sync_result_builder.joined_room_ids
+        joined_rooms = sync_result_builder.joined_room_ids

-            # Step 1a, check for changes in devices of users we share a room
-            # with
-            #
-            # We do this in two different ways depending on what we have cached.
-            # If we already have a list of all the user that have changed since
-            # the last sync then it's likely more efficient to compare the rooms
-            # they're in with the rooms the syncing user is in.
-            #
-            # If we don't have that info cached then we get all the users that
-            # share a room with our user and check if those users have changed.
-            cache_result = self.store.get_cached_device_list_changes(
-                since_token.device_list_key
-            )
-            if cache_result.hit:
-                changed_users = cache_result.entities
+        # Step 1a, check for changes in devices of users we share a room
+        # with
+        #
+        # We do this in two different ways depending on what we have cached.
+        # If we already have a list of all the user that have changed since
+        # the last sync then it's likely more efficient to compare the rooms
+        # they're in with the rooms the syncing user is in.
+        #
+        # If we don't have that info cached then we get all the users that
+        # share a room with our user and check if those users have changed.
+        cache_result = self.store.get_cached_device_list_changes(
+            since_token.device_list_key
+        )
+        if cache_result.hit:
+            changed_users = cache_result.entities

-                result = await self.store.get_rooms_for_users(changed_users)
+            result = await self.store.get_rooms_for_users(changed_users)

-                for changed_user_id, entries in result.items():
-                    # Check if the changed user shares any rooms with the user,
-                    # or if the changed user is the syncing user (as we always
-                    # want to include device list updates of their own devices).
-                    if user_id == changed_user_id or any(
-                        rid in joined_rooms for rid in entries
-                    ):
-                        users_that_have_changed.add(changed_user_id)
-            else:
-                users_that_have_changed = (
-                    await self._device_handler.get_device_changes_in_shared_rooms(
-                        user_id,
-                        sync_result_builder.joined_room_ids,
-                        from_token=since_token,
-                    )
-                )
-
-            # Step 1b, check for newly joined rooms
-            for room_id in newly_joined_rooms:
-                joined_users = await self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id)
-                newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users.update(joined_users)
-
-            # TODO: Check that these users are actually new, i.e. either they
-            # weren't in the previous sync *or* they left and rejoined.
-            users_that_have_changed.update(newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users)
-
-            user_signatures_changed = (
-                await self.store.get_users_whose_signatures_changed(
-                    user_id, since_token.device_list_key
-                )
-            )
-            users_that_have_changed.update(user_signatures_changed)
-
-            # Now find users that we no longer track
-            for room_id in newly_left_rooms:
-                left_users = await self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id)
-                newly_left_users.update(left_users)
-
-            # Remove any users that we still share a room with.
-            left_users_rooms = await self.store.get_rooms_for_users(newly_left_users)
-            for user_id, entries in left_users_rooms.items():
-                if any(rid in joined_rooms for rid in entries):
-                    newly_left_users.discard(user_id)
-
-            return DeviceListUpdates(
-                changed=users_that_have_changed, left=newly_left_users
-            )
+            for changed_user_id, entries in result.items():
+                # Check if the changed user shares any rooms with the user,
+                # or if the changed user is the syncing user (as we always
+                # want to include device list updates of their own devices).
+                if user_id == changed_user_id or any(
+                    rid in joined_rooms for rid in entries
+                ):
+                    users_that_have_changed.add(changed_user_id)
        else:
-            return DeviceListUpdates()
+            users_that_have_changed = (
+                await self._device_handler.get_device_changes_in_shared_rooms(
+                    user_id,
+                    sync_result_builder.joined_room_ids,
+                    from_token=since_token,
+                )
+            )
+
+        # Step 1b, check for newly joined rooms
+        for room_id in newly_joined_rooms:
+            joined_users = await self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id)
+            newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users.update(joined_users)
+
+        # TODO: Check that these users are actually new, i.e. either they
+        # weren't in the previous sync *or* they left and rejoined.
+        users_that_have_changed.update(newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users)
+
+        user_signatures_changed = await self.store.get_users_whose_signatures_changed(
+            user_id, since_token.device_list_key
+        )
+        users_that_have_changed.update(user_signatures_changed)
+
+        # Now find users that we no longer track
+        for room_id in newly_left_rooms:
+            left_users = await self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id)
+            newly_left_users.update(left_users)
+
+        # Remove any users that we still share a room with.
+        left_users_rooms = await self.store.get_rooms_for_users(newly_left_users)
+        for user_id, entries in left_users_rooms.items():
+            if any(rid in joined_rooms for rid in entries):
+                newly_left_users.discard(user_id)
+
+        return DeviceListUpdates(changed=users_that_have_changed, left=newly_left_users)

    @trace
    async def _generate_sync_entry_for_to_device(
@ -1717,6 +1739,7 @@ class SyncHandler:
        since_token = sync_result_builder.since_token

        if since_token and not sync_result_builder.full_state:
+            # TODO Do not fetch room account data if it will be unused.
            (
                global_account_data,
                account_data_by_room,
@ -1733,6 +1756,7 @@ class SyncHandler:
                    sync_config.user
                )
        else:
+            # TODO Do not fetch room account data if it will be unused.
            (
                global_account_data,
                account_data_by_room,
@ -1815,7 +1839,7 @@ class SyncHandler:
        self,
        sync_result_builder: "SyncResultBuilder",
        account_data_by_room: Dict[str, Dict[str, JsonDict]],
-    ) -> Tuple[AbstractSet[str], AbstractSet[str], AbstractSet[str], AbstractSet[str]]:
+    ) -> Tuple[AbstractSet[str], AbstractSet[str]]:
        """Generates the rooms portion of the sync response. Populates the
        `sync_result_builder` with the result.

@ -1828,26 +1852,21 @@ class SyncHandler:
            account_data_by_room: Dictionary of per room account data

        Returns:
-            Returns a 4-tuple describing rooms the user has joined or left, and users who've
-            joined or left rooms any rooms the user is in. This gets used later in
-            `_generate_sync_entry_for_device_list`.
+            Returns a 2-tuple describing rooms the user has joined or left.

            Its entries are:
            - newly_joined_rooms
-            - newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users
            - newly_left_rooms
-            - newly_left_users
        """

        since_token = sync_result_builder.since_token
+        user_id = sync_result_builder.sync_config.user.to_string()

        # 1. Start by fetching all ephemeral events in rooms we've joined (if required).
-        user_id = sync_result_builder.sync_config.user.to_string()
        block_all_room_ephemeral = (
-            since_token is None
-            and sync_result_builder.sync_config.filter_collection.blocks_all_room_ephemeral()
+            sync_result_builder.sync_config.filter_collection.blocks_all_rooms()
+            or sync_result_builder.sync_config.filter_collection.blocks_all_room_ephemeral()
        )
-
        if block_all_room_ephemeral:
            ephemeral_by_room: Dict[str, List[JsonDict]] = {}
        else:
@ -1870,7 +1889,7 @@ class SyncHandler:
                    )
                    if not tags_by_room:
                        logger.debug("no-oping sync")
-                        return set(), set(), set(), set()
+                        return set(), set()

        # 3. Work out which rooms need reporting in the sync response.
        ignored_users = await self.store.ignored_users(user_id)
@ -1899,6 +1918,7 @@ class SyncHandler:
        # joined or archived).
        async def handle_room_entries(room_entry: "RoomSyncResultBuilder") -> None:
            logger.debug("Generating room entry for %s", room_entry.room_id)
+            # Note that this mutates sync_result_builder.{joined,archived}.
            await self._generate_room_entry(
                sync_result_builder,
                room_entry,
@ -1915,20 +1935,7 @@ class SyncHandler:
        sync_result_builder.invited.extend(invited)
        sync_result_builder.knocked.extend(knocked)

-        # 5. Work out which users have joined or left rooms we're in. We use this
-        # to build the device_list part of the sync response in
-        # `_generate_sync_entry_for_device_list`.
-        (
-            newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users,
-            newly_left_users,
-        ) = sync_result_builder.calculate_user_changes()
-
-        return (
-            set(newly_joined_rooms),
-            newly_joined_or_invited_or_knocked_users,
-            set(newly_left_rooms),
-            newly_left_users,
-        )
+        return set(newly_joined_rooms), set(newly_left_rooms)

    async def _have_rooms_changed(
        self, sync_result_builder: "SyncResultBuilder"
--- a/synapse/http/client.py
+++ b/synapse/http/client.py
@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ from twisted.internet.interfaces import (
    IAddress,
    IDelayedCall,
    IHostResolution,
+    IReactorCore,
    IReactorPluggableNameResolver,
    IReactorTime,
    IResolutionReceiver,
@ -226,7 +227,9 @@ class _IPBlacklistingResolver:
        return recv


-@implementer(ISynapseReactor)
+# ISynapseReactor implies IReactorCore, but explicitly marking it this as an implementer
+# of IReactorCore seems to keep mypy-zope happier.
+@implementer(IReactorCore, ISynapseReactor)
 class BlacklistingReactorWrapper:
    """
    A Reactor wrapper which will prevent DNS resolution to blacklisted IP
--- a/synapse/http/proxyagent.py
+++ b/synapse/http/proxyagent.py
@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ from twisted.web.iweb import IAgent, IBodyProducer, IPolicyForHTTPS, IResponse

 from synapse.http import redact_uri
 from synapse.http.connectproxyclient import HTTPConnectProxyEndpoint, ProxyCredentials
-from synapse.types import ISynapseReactor

 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ class ProxyAgent(_AgentBase):
    def __init__(
        self,
        reactor: IReactorCore,
-        proxy_reactor: Optional[ISynapseReactor] = None,
+        proxy_reactor: Optional[IReactorCore] = None,
        contextFactory: Optional[IPolicyForHTTPS] = None,
        connectTimeout: Optional[float] = None,
        bindAddress: Optional[bytes] = None,
--- a/synapse/http/servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/http/servlet.py
@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.

 """ This module contains base REST classes for constructing REST servlets. """
+import enum
 import logging
 from http import HTTPStatus
 from typing import (
@ -362,6 +363,7 @@ def parse_string(
    request: Request,
    name: str,
    *,
+    default: Optional[str] = None,
    required: bool = False,
    allowed_values: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
    encoding: str = "ascii",
@ -413,6 +415,74 @@ def parse_string(
    )


+EnumT = TypeVar("EnumT", bound=enum.Enum)
+
+
+@overload
+def parse_enum(
+    request: Request,
+    name: str,
+    E: Type[EnumT],
+    default: EnumT,
+) -> EnumT:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def parse_enum(
+    request: Request,
+    name: str,
+    E: Type[EnumT],
+    *,
+    required: Literal[True],
+) -> EnumT:
+    ...
+
+
+def parse_enum(
+    request: Request,
+    name: str,
+    E: Type[EnumT],
+    default: Optional[EnumT] = None,
+    required: bool = False,
+) -> Optional[EnumT]:
+    """
+    Parse an enum parameter from the request query string.
+
+    Note that the enum *must only have string values*.
+
+    Args:
+        request: the twisted HTTP request.
+        name: the name of the query parameter.
+        E: the enum which represents valid values
+        default: enum value to use if the parameter is absent, defaults to None.
+        required: whether to raise a 400 SynapseError if the
+            parameter is absent, defaults to False.
+
+    Returns:
+        An enum value.
+
+    Raises:
+        SynapseError if the parameter is absent and required, or if the
+            parameter is present, must be one of a list of allowed values and
+            is not one of those allowed values.
+    """
+    # Assert the enum values are strings.
+    assert all(
+        isinstance(e.value, str) for e in E
+    ), "parse_enum only works with string values"
+    str_value = parse_string(
+        request,
+        name,
+        default=default.value if default is not None else None,
+        required=required,
+        allowed_values=[e.value for e in E],
+    )
+    if str_value is None:
+        return None
+    return E(str_value)
+
+
 def _parse_string_value(
    value: bytes,
    allowed_values: Optional[Iterable[str]],
--- a/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
@ -322,6 +322,11 @@ class SynapseTags:
    # The name of the external cache
    CACHE_NAME = "cache.name"

+    # Boolean. Present on /v2/send_join requests, omitted from all others.
+    # True iff partial state was requested and we provided (or intended to provide)
+    # partial state in the response.
+    SEND_JOIN_RESPONSE_IS_PARTIAL_STATE = "send_join.partial_state_response"
+
    # Used to tag function arguments
    #
    # Tag a named arg. The name of the argument should be appended to this prefix.
--- a/synapse/module_api/init.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/init.py
@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ class ModuleApi:
            # Send to remote destinations.
            destination = UserID.from_string(user).domain
            presence_handler.get_federation_queue().send_presence_to_destinations(
-                presence_events, destination
+                presence_events, [destination]
            )

    def looping_background_call(
--- a/synapse/notifier.py
+++ b/synapse/notifier.py
@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ from synapse.types import (
    JsonDict,
    PersistedEventPosition,
    RoomStreamToken,
+    StrCollection,
    StreamKeyType,
    StreamToken,
    UserID,
@ -716,7 +717,7 @@ class Notifier:

    async def _get_room_ids(
        self, user: UserID, explicit_room_id: Optional[str]
-    ) -> Tuple[Collection[str], bool]:
+    ) -> Tuple[StrCollection, bool]:
        joined_room_ids = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user.to_string())
        if explicit_room_id:
            if explicit_room_id in joined_room_ids:
--- a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
@ -22,14 +22,21 @@ from typing import (
    List,
    Mapping,
    Optional,
+    Set,
    Tuple,
    Union,
 )

 from prometheus_client import Counter

-from synapse.api.constants import MAIN_TIMELINE, EventTypes, Membership, RelationTypes, EventContentFields
-from synapse.api.room_versions import PushRuleRoomFlag, RoomVersion
+from synapse.api.constants import (
+    MAIN_TIMELINE,
+    EventContentFields,
+    EventTypes,
+    Membership,
+    RelationTypes,
+)
+from synapse.api.room_versions import PushRuleRoomFlag
 from synapse.event_auth import auth_types_for_event, get_user_power_level
 from synapse.events import EventBase, relation_from_event
 from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext
@ -62,6 +69,9 @@ STATE_EVENT_TYPES_TO_MARK_UNREAD = {
 }


+SENTINEL = object()
+
+
 def _should_count_as_unread(event: EventBase, context: EventContext) -> bool:
    # Exclude rejected and soft-failed events.
    if context.rejected or event.internal_metadata.is_soft_failed():
@ -109,6 +119,9 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator:
        self.should_calculate_push_rules = self.hs.config.push.enable_push

        self._related_event_match_enabled = self.hs.config.experimental.msc3664_enabled
+        self._intentional_mentions_enabled = (
+            self.hs.config.experimental.msc3952_intentional_mentions
+        )

        self.room_push_rule_cache_metrics = register_cache(
            "cache",
@ -129,15 +142,34 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator:
        Returns:
            Mapping of user ID to their push rules.
        """
-        # We get the users who may need to be notified by first fetching the
-        # local users currently in the room, finding those that have push rules,
-        # and *then* checking which users are actually allowed to see the event.
-        #
-        # The alternative is to first fetch all users that were joined at the
-        # event, but that requires fetching the full state at the event, which
-        # may be expensive for large rooms with few local users.
+        # If this is a membership event, only calculate push rules for the target.
+        # While it's possible for users to configure push rules to respond to such an
+        # event, in practise nobody does this. At the cost of violating the spec a
+        # little, we can skip fetching a huge number of push rules in large rooms.
+        # This helps make joins and leaves faster.
+        if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
+            local_users = []
+            # We never notify a user about their own actions. This is enforced in
+            # `_action_for_event_by_user` in the loop over `rules_by_user`, but we
+            # do the same check here to avoid unnecessary DB queries.
+            if event.sender != event.state_key and self.hs.is_mine_id(event.state_key):
+                # Check the target is in the room, to avoid notifying them of
+                # e.g. a pre-emptive ban.
+                target_already_in_room = await self.store.check_local_user_in_room(
+                    event.state_key, event.room_id
+                )
+                if target_already_in_room:
+                    local_users = [event.state_key]
+        else:
+            # We get the users who may need to be notified by first fetching the
+            # local users currently in the room, finding those that have push rules,
+            # and *then* checking which users are actually allowed to see the event.
+            #
+            # The alternative is to first fetch all users that were joined at the
+            # event, but that requires fetching the full state at the event, which
+            # may be expensive for large rooms with few local users.

-        local_users = await self.store.get_local_users_in_room(event.room_id)
+            local_users = await self.store.get_local_users_in_room(event.room_id)

        # Filter out appservice users.
        local_users = [
@ -154,6 +186,9 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator:
                local_users = list(local_users)
                local_users.append(invited)

+        if not local_users:
+            return {}
+
        rules_by_user = await self.store.bulk_get_push_rules(local_users)

        logger.debug("Users in room: %s", local_users)
@ -337,14 +372,44 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator:
        related_events = await self._related_events(event)

        # It's possible that old room versions have non-integer power levels (floats or
-        # strings). Workaround this by explicitly converting to int.
+        # strings; even the occasional `null`). For old rooms, we interpret these as if
+        # they were integers. Do this here for the `@room` power level threshold.
+        # Note that this is done automatically for the sender's power level by
+        # _get_power_levels_and_sender_level in its call to get_user_power_level
+        # (even for room V10.)
        notification_levels = power_levels.get("notifications", {})
        if not event.room_version.msc3667_int_only_power_levels:
-            for user_id, level in notification_levels.items():
-                notification_levels[user_id] = int(level)
+            keys = list(notification_levels.keys())
+            for key in keys:
+                level = notification_levels.get(key, SENTINEL)
+                if level is not SENTINEL and type(level) is not int:
+                    try:
+                        notification_levels[key] = int(level)
+                    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                        del notification_levels[key]
+
+        # Pull out any user and room mentions.
+        mentions = event.content.get(EventContentFields.MSC3952_MENTIONS)
+        has_mentions = self._intentional_mentions_enabled and isinstance(mentions, dict)
+        user_mentions: Set[str] = set()
+        room_mention = False
+        if has_mentions:
+            # mypy seems to have lost the type even though it must be a dict here.
+            assert isinstance(mentions, dict)
+            # Remove out any non-string items and convert to a set.
+            user_mentions_raw = mentions.get("user_ids")
+            if isinstance(user_mentions_raw, list):
+                user_mentions = set(
+                    filter(lambda item: isinstance(item, str), user_mentions_raw)
+                )
+            # Room mention is only true if the value is exactly true.
+            room_mention = mentions.get("room") is True

        evaluator = PushRuleEvaluator(
-            _flatten_dict(event, room_version=event.room_version),
+            _flatten_dict(event),
+            has_mentions,
+            user_mentions,
+            room_mention,
            room_member_count,
            sender_power_level,
            notification_levels,
@ -427,10 +492,31 @@ StateGroup = Union[object, int]

 def _flatten_dict(
    d: Union[EventBase, Mapping[str, Any]],
-    room_version: Optional[RoomVersion] = None,
    prefix: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    result: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
 ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Given a JSON dictionary (or event) which might contain sub dictionaries,
+    flatten it into a single layer dictionary by combining the keys & sub-keys.
+
+    Any (non-dictionary), non-string value is dropped.
+
+    Transforms:
+
+        {"foo": {"bar": "test"}}
+
+    To:
+
+        {"foo.bar": "test"}
+
+    Args:
+        d: The event or content to continue flattening.
+        prefix: The key prefix (from outer dictionaries).
+        result: The result to mutate.
+
+    Returns:
+        The resulting dictionary.
+    """
    if prefix is None:
        prefix = []
    if result is None:
@ -444,14 +530,13 @@ def _flatten_dict(

    # `room_version` should only ever be set when looking at the top level of an event
    if (
-        room_version is not None
-        and PushRuleRoomFlag.EXTENSIBLE_EVENTS in room_version.msc3931_push_features
-        and isinstance(d, EventBase)
+        isinstance(d, EventBase)
+        and PushRuleRoomFlag.EXTENSIBLE_EVENTS in d.room_version.msc3931_push_features
    ):
        # Room supports extensible events: replace `content.body` with the plain text
        # representation from `m.markup`, as per MSC1767.
        markup = d.get("content").get("m.markup")
-        if room_version.identifier.startswith("org.matrix.msc1767."):
+        if d.room_version.identifier.startswith("org.matrix.msc1767."):
            markup = d.get("content").get("org.matrix.msc1767.markup")
        if markup is not None and isinstance(markup, list):
            text = ""
--- a/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
@ -426,6 +426,8 @@ class ReplicationEndpoint(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
            code, response = await self.response_cache.wrap(
                txn_id, self._handle_request, request, content, **kwargs
            )
+            # Take a copy so we don't mutate things in the cache.
+            response = dict(response)
        else:
            # The `@cancellable` decorator may be applied to `_handle_request`. But we
            # told `HttpServer.register_paths` that our handler is `_check_auth_and_handle`,
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/init.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/init.py
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class PurgeHistoryRestServlet(RestServlet):
            logger.info("[purge] purging up to token %s (event_id %s)", token, event_id)
        elif "purge_up_to_ts" in body:
            ts = body["purge_up_to_ts"]
-            if not isinstance(ts, int):
+            if type(ts) is not int:
                raise SynapseError(
                    HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
                    "purge_up_to_ts must be an int",
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/event_reports.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/event_reports.py
@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ import logging
 from http import HTTPStatus
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple

+from synapse.api.constants import Direction
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, NotFoundError, SynapseError
-from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_integer, parse_string
+from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_enum, parse_integer, parse_string
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
 from synapse.rest.admin._base import admin_patterns, assert_requester_is_admin
 from synapse.types import JsonDict
@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ class EventReportsRestServlet(RestServlet):

        start = parse_integer(request, "from", default=0)
        limit = parse_integer(request, "limit", default=100)
-        direction = parse_string(request, "dir", default="b")
+        direction = parse_enum(request, "dir", Direction, Direction.BACKWARDS)
        user_id = parse_string(request, "user_id")
        room_id = parse_string(request, "room_id")

@ -78,13 +79,6 @@ class EventReportsRestServlet(RestServlet):
                errcode=Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
            )

-        if direction not in ("f", "b"):
-            raise SynapseError(
-                HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
-                "Unknown direction: %s" % (direction,),
-                errcode=Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
-            )
-
        event_reports, total = await self.store.get_event_reports_paginate(
            start, limit, direction, user_id, room_id
        )
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/federation.py
@ -15,9 +15,10 @@ import logging
 from http import HTTPStatus
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple

+from synapse.api.constants import Direction
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, NotFoundError, SynapseError
 from synapse.federation.transport.server import Authenticator
-from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_integer, parse_string
+from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_enum, parse_integer, parse_string
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
 from synapse.rest.admin._base import admin_patterns, assert_requester_is_admin
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.transactions import DestinationSortOrder
@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ class ListDestinationsRestServlet(RestServlet):
            allowed_values=[dest.value for dest in DestinationSortOrder],
        )

-        direction = parse_string(request, "dir", default="f", allowed_values=("f", "b"))
+        direction = parse_enum(request, "dir", Direction, default=Direction.FORWARDS)

        destinations, total = await self._store.get_destinations_paginate(
            start, limit, destination, order_by, direction
@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ class DestinationMembershipRestServlet(RestServlet):
                errcode=Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
            )

-        direction = parse_string(request, "dir", default="f", allowed_values=("f", "b"))
+        direction = parse_enum(request, "dir", Direction, default=Direction.FORWARDS)

        rooms, total = await self._store.get_destination_rooms_paginate(
            destination, start, limit, direction
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/media.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/media.py
@ -17,9 +17,16 @@ import logging
 from http import HTTPStatus
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple

+from synapse.api.constants import Direction
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, NotFoundError, SynapseError
 from synapse.http.server import HttpServer
-from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_boolean, parse_integer, parse_string
+from synapse.http.servlet import (
+    RestServlet,
+    parse_boolean,
+    parse_enum,
+    parse_integer,
+    parse_string,
+)
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
 from synapse.rest.admin._base import (
    admin_patterns,
@ -389,7 +396,7 @@ class UserMediaRestServlet(RestServlet):
        # to newest media is on top for backward compatibility.
        if b"order_by" not in request.args and b"dir" not in request.args:
            order_by = MediaSortOrder.CREATED_TS.value
-            direction = "b"
+            direction = Direction.BACKWARDS
        else:
            order_by = parse_string(
                request,
@ -397,8 +404,8 @@ class UserMediaRestServlet(RestServlet):
                default=MediaSortOrder.CREATED_TS.value,
                allowed_values=[sort_order.value for sort_order in MediaSortOrder],
            )
-            direction = parse_string(
-                request, "dir", default="f", allowed_values=("f", "b")
+            direction = parse_enum(
+                request, "dir", Direction, default=Direction.FORWARDS
            )

        media, total = await self.store.get_local_media_by_user_paginate(
@ -447,7 +454,7 @@ class UserMediaRestServlet(RestServlet):
        # to newest media is on top for backward compatibility.
        if b"order_by" not in request.args and b"dir" not in request.args:
            order_by = MediaSortOrder.CREATED_TS.value
-            direction = "b"
+            direction = Direction.BACKWARDS
        else:
            order_by = parse_string(
                request,
@ -455,8 +462,8 @@ class UserMediaRestServlet(RestServlet):
                default=MediaSortOrder.CREATED_TS.value,
                allowed_values=[sort_order.value for sort_order in MediaSortOrder],
            )
-            direction = parse_string(
-                request, "dir", default="f", allowed_values=("f", "b")
+            direction = parse_enum(
+                request, "dir", Direction, default=Direction.FORWARDS
            )

        media, _ = await self.store.get_local_media_by_user_paginate(
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/registration_tokens.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/registration_tokens.py
@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class NewRegistrationTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
        else:
            # Get length of token to generate (default is 16)
            length = body.get("length", 16)
-            if not isinstance(length, int):
+            if type(length) is not int:
                raise SynapseError(
                    HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
                    "length must be an integer",
@ -163,8 +163,7 @@ class NewRegistrationTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):

        uses_allowed = body.get("uses_allowed", None)
        if not (
-            uses_allowed is None
-            or (isinstance(uses_allowed, int) and uses_allowed >= 0)
+            uses_allowed is None or (type(uses_allowed) is int and uses_allowed >= 0)
        ):
            raise SynapseError(
                HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
@ -173,13 +172,13 @@ class NewRegistrationTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
            )

        expiry_time = body.get("expiry_time", None)
-        if not isinstance(expiry_time, (int, type(None))):
+        if type(expiry_time) not in (int, type(None)):
            raise SynapseError(
                HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
                "expiry_time must be an integer or null",
                Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
            )
-        if isinstance(expiry_time, int) and expiry_time < self.clock.time_msec():
+        if type(expiry_time) is int and expiry_time < self.clock.time_msec():
            raise SynapseError(
                HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
                "expiry_time must not be in the past",
@ -284,7 +283,7 @@ class RegistrationTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
            uses_allowed = body["uses_allowed"]
            if not (
                uses_allowed is None
-                or (isinstance(uses_allowed, int) and uses_allowed >= 0)
+                or (type(uses_allowed) is int and uses_allowed >= 0)
            ):
                raise SynapseError(
                    HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
@ -295,13 +294,13 @@ class RegistrationTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):

        if "expiry_time" in body:
            expiry_time = body["expiry_time"]
-            if not isinstance(expiry_time, (int, type(None))):
+            if type(expiry_time) not in (int, type(None)):
                raise SynapseError(
                    HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
                    "expiry_time must be an integer or null",
                    Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
                )
-            if isinstance(expiry_time, int) and expiry_time < self.clock.time_msec():
+            if type(expiry_time) is int and expiry_time < self.clock.time_msec():
                raise SynapseError(
                    HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
                    "expiry_time must not be in the past",
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/rooms.py
@ -16,13 +16,14 @@ from http import HTTPStatus
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Tuple, cast
 from urllib import parse as urlparse

-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, JoinRules, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import Direction, EventTypes, JoinRules, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, Codes, NotFoundError, SynapseError
 from synapse.api.filtering import Filter
 from synapse.http.servlet import (
    ResolveRoomIdMixin,
    RestServlet,
    assert_params_in_dict,
+    parse_enum,
    parse_integer,
    parse_json_object_from_request,
    parse_string,
@ -224,15 +225,8 @@ class ListRoomRestServlet(RestServlet):
                errcode=Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
            )

-        direction = parse_string(request, "dir", default="f")
-        if direction not in ("f", "b"):
-            raise SynapseError(
-                HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
-                "Unknown direction: %s" % (direction,),
-                errcode=Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
-            )
-
-        reverse_order = True if direction == "b" else False
+        direction = parse_enum(request, "dir", Direction, default=Direction.FORWARDS)
+        reverse_order = True if direction == Direction.BACKWARDS else False

        # Return list of rooms according to parameters
        rooms, total_rooms = await self.store.get_rooms_paginate(
@ -949,7 +943,7 @@ class RoomTimestampToEventRestServlet(RestServlet):
        await assert_user_is_admin(self._auth, requester)

        timestamp = parse_integer(request, "ts", required=True)
-        direction = parse_string(request, "dir", default="f", allowed_values=["f", "b"])
+        direction = parse_enum(request, "dir", Direction, default=Direction.FORWARDS)

        (
            event_id,
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/statistics.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/statistics.py
@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ import logging
 from http import HTTPStatus
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple

+from synapse.api.constants import Direction
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
-from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_integer, parse_string
+from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_enum, parse_integer, parse_string
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
 from synapse.rest.admin._base import admin_patterns, assert_requester_is_admin
 from synapse.storage.databases.main.stats import UserSortOrder
@ -102,13 +103,7 @@ class UserMediaStatisticsRestServlet(RestServlet):
                errcode=Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
            )

-        direction = parse_string(request, "dir", default="f")
-        if direction not in ("f", "b"):
-            raise SynapseError(
-                HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
-                "Unknown direction: %s" % (direction,),
-                errcode=Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
-            )
+        direction = parse_enum(request, "dir", Direction, default=Direction.FORWARDS)

        users_media, total = await self.store.get_users_media_usage_paginate(
            start, limit, from_ts, until_ts, order_by, direction, search_term
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
@ -18,12 +18,13 @@ import secrets
 from http import HTTPStatus
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple

-from synapse.api.constants import UserTypes
+from synapse.api.constants import Direction, UserTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, NotFoundError, SynapseError
 from synapse.http.servlet import (
    RestServlet,
    assert_params_in_dict,
    parse_boolean,
+    parse_enum,
    parse_integer,
    parse_json_object_from_request,
    parse_string,
@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ class UsersRestServletV2(RestServlet):
            ),
        )

-        direction = parse_string(request, "dir", default="f", allowed_values=("f", "b"))
+        direction = parse_enum(request, "dir", Direction, default=Direction.FORWARDS)

        users, total = await self.store.get_users_paginate(
            start,
@ -973,7 +974,7 @@ class UserTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
        body = parse_json_object_from_request(request, allow_empty_body=True)

        valid_until_ms = body.get("valid_until_ms")
-        if valid_until_ms and not isinstance(valid_until_ms, int):
+        if type(valid_until_ms) not in (int, type(None)):
            raise SynapseError(
                HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "'valid_until_ms' parameter must be an int"
            )
@ -1125,14 +1126,14 @@ class RateLimitRestServlet(RestServlet):
        messages_per_second = body.get("messages_per_second", 0)
        burst_count = body.get("burst_count", 0)

-        if not isinstance(messages_per_second, int) or messages_per_second < 0:
+        if type(messages_per_second) is not int or messages_per_second < 0:
            raise SynapseError(
                HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
                "%r parameter must be a positive int" % (messages_per_second,),
                errcode=Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
            )

-        if not isinstance(burst_count, int) or burst_count < 0:
+        if type(burst_count) is not int or burst_count < 0:
            raise SynapseError(
                HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
                "%r parameter must be a positive int" % (burst_count,),
--- a/synapse/rest/client/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/push_rule.py
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.

-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Sequence, Tuple, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple, Union

 from synapse.api.errors import (
    NotFoundError,
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
            raise UnrecognizedRequestError()


-def _rule_spec_from_path(path: Sequence[str]) -> RuleSpec:
+def _rule_spec_from_path(path: List[str]) -> RuleSpec:
    """Turn a sequence of path components into a rule spec

    Args:
--- a/synapse/rest/client/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/relations.py
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import logging
 import re
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Tuple

+from synapse.api.constants import Direction
 from synapse.handlers.relations import ThreadsListInclude
 from synapse.http.server import HttpServer
 from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_integer, parse_string
@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ class RelationPaginationServlet(RestServlet):
        requester = await self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)

        pagination_config = await PaginationConfig.from_request(
-            self._store, request, default_limit=5, default_dir="b"
+            self._store, request, default_limit=5, default_dir=Direction.BACKWARDS
        )

        # The unstable version of this API returns an extra field for client
--- a/synapse/rest/client/report_event.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/report_event.py
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class ReportEventRestServlet(RestServlet):
                "Param 'reason' must be a string",
                Codes.BAD_JSON,
            )
-        if not isinstance(body.get("score", 0), int):
+        if type(body.get("score", 0)) is not int:
            raise SynapseError(
                HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
                "Param 'score' must be an integer",
--- a/synapse/rest/client/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/room.py
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from prometheus_client.core import Histogram
 from twisted.web.server import Request

 from synapse import event_auth
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import Direction, EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import (
    AuthError,
    Codes,
@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ from synapse.http.servlet import (
    RestServlet,
    assert_params_in_dict,
    parse_boolean,
+    parse_enum,
    parse_integer,
    parse_json_object_from_request,
    parse_string,
@ -1301,7 +1302,7 @@ class TimestampLookupRestServlet(RestServlet):
        await self._auth.check_user_in_room_or_world_readable(room_id, requester)

        timestamp = parse_integer(request, "ts", required=True)
-        direction = parse_string(request, "dir", default="f", allowed_values=["f", "b"])
+        direction = parse_enum(request, "dir", Direction, default=Direction.FORWARDS)

        (
            event_id,
--- a/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py
@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Awaitable, Callable, Dict, Tuple

 from typing_extensions import ParamSpec

+from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred
 from twisted.python.failure import Failure
 from twisted.web.server import Request

@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ class HttpTransactionCache:
        fn: Callable[P, Awaitable[Tuple[int, JsonDict]]],
        *args: P.args,
        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
-    ) -> Awaitable[Tuple[int, JsonDict]]:
+    ) -> "Deferred[Tuple[int, JsonDict]]":
        """Fetches the response for this transaction, or executes the given function
        to produce a response for this transaction.

--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/oembed.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/oembed.py
@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class OEmbedProvider:
                calc_description_and_urls(open_graph_response, oembed["html"])
            for size in ("width", "height"):
                val = oembed.get(size)
-                if val is not None and isinstance(val, int):
+                if type(val) is int:
                    open_graph_response[f"og:video:{size}"] = val

        elif oembed_type == "link":
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class Thumbnailer:
            image_exif = self.image._getexif()  # type: ignore
            if image_exif is not None:
                image_orientation = image_exif.get(EXIF_ORIENTATION_TAG)
-                assert isinstance(image_orientation, int)
+                assert type(image_orientation) is int
                self.transpose_method = EXIF_TRANSPOSE_MAPPINGS.get(image_orientation)
        except Exception as e:
            # A lot of parsing errors can happen when parsing EXIF
--- a/synapse/storage/controllers/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/controllers/state.py
@ -569,10 +569,11 @@ class StateStorageController:
        is arbitrary for rooms with partial state.
        """
        # We have to read this list first to mitigate races with un-partial stating.
-        # This will be empty for rooms with full state.
        hosts_at_join = await self.stores.main.get_partial_state_servers_at_join(
            room_id
        )
+        if hosts_at_join is None:
+            hosts_at_join = frozenset()

        hosts_from_state = await self.stores.main.get_current_hosts_in_room(room_id)

--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/init.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/init.py
@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 import logging
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Tuple, cast

+from synapse.api.constants import Direction
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.storage.database import (
    DatabasePool,
@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ class DataStore(
        guests: bool = True,
        deactivated: bool = False,
        order_by: str = UserSortOrder.NAME.value,
-        direction: str = "f",
+        direction: Direction = Direction.FORWARDS,
        approved: bool = True,
    ) -> Tuple[List[JsonDict], int]:
        """Function to retrieve a paginated list of users from
@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ class DataStore(
            # Set ordering
            order_by_column = UserSortOrder(order_by).value

-            if direction == "b":
+            if direction == Direction.BACKWARDS:
                order = "DESC"
            else:
                order = "ASC"
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/appservice.py
@ -14,7 +14,17 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
 import re
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Pattern, Tuple, cast
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    cast,
+)

 from synapse.appservice import (
    ApplicationService,
@ -257,7 +267,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
    async def create_appservice_txn(
        self,
        service: ApplicationService,
-        events: List[EventBase],
+        events: Sequence[EventBase],
        ephemeral: List[JsonDict],
        to_device_messages: List[JsonDict],
        one_time_keys_count: TransactionOneTimeKeysCount,
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events.py
@ -1651,7 +1651,7 @@ class PersistEventsStore:
            if self._ephemeral_messages_enabled:
                # If there's an expiry timestamp on the event, store it.
                expiry_ts = event.content.get(EventContentFields.SELF_DESTRUCT_AFTER)
-                if isinstance(expiry_ts, int) and not event.is_state():
+                if type(expiry_ts) is int and not event.is_state():
                    self._insert_event_expiry_txn(txn, event.event_id, expiry_ts)

        # Insert into the room_memberships table.
@ -2133,10 +2133,10 @@ class PersistEventsStore:
        ):
            if (
                "min_lifetime" in event.content
-                and not isinstance(event.content.get("min_lifetime"), int)
+                and type(event.content["min_lifetime"]) is not int
            ) or (
                "max_lifetime" in event.content
-                and not isinstance(event.content.get("max_lifetime"), int)
+                and type(event.content["max_lifetime"]) is not int
            ):
                # Ignore the event if one of the value isn't an integer.
                return
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/events_worker.py
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ from typing_extensions import Literal

 from twisted.internet import defer

-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
+from synapse.api.constants import Direction, EventTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError, SynapseError
 from synapse.api.room_versions import (
    KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
@ -1779,7 +1779,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
            txn: LoggingTransaction,
        ) -> List[Tuple[int, str, str, str, str, str, str, str, bool, bool]]:
            sql = (
-                "SELECT event_stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
+                "SELECT out.event_stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
                " se.state_key, redacts, relates_to_id, membership, rejections.reason IS NOT NULL,"
                " e.outlier"
                " FROM events AS e"
@ -1791,10 +1791,10 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
                " LEFT JOIN room_memberships USING (event_id)"
                " LEFT JOIN rejections USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE ? < event_stream_ordering"
-                " AND event_stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " WHERE ? < out.event_stream_ordering"
+                " AND out.event_stream_ordering <= ?"
                " AND out.instance_name = ?"
-                " ORDER BY event_stream_ordering ASC"
+                " ORDER BY out.event_stream_ordering ASC"
            )

            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, instance_name))
@ -2240,7 +2240,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
        )

    async def get_event_id_for_timestamp(
-        self, room_id: str, timestamp: int, direction: str
+        self, room_id: str, timestamp: int, direction: Direction
    ) -> Optional[str]:
        """Find the closest event to the given timestamp in the given direction.

@ -2248,14 +2248,14 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
            room_id: Room to fetch the event from
            timestamp: The point in time (inclusive) we should navigate from in
                the given direction to find the closest event.
-            direction: ["f"|"b"] to indicate whether we should navigate forward
+            direction: indicates whether we should navigate forward
                or backward from the given timestamp to find the closest event.

        Returns:
            The closest event_id otherwise None if we can't find any event in
            the given direction.
        """
-        if direction == "b":
+        if direction == Direction.BACKWARDS:
            # Find closest event *before* a given timestamp. We use descending
            # (which gives values largest to smallest) because we want the
            # largest possible timestamp *before* the given timestamp.
@ -2307,9 +2307,6 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):

            return None

-        if direction not in ("f", "b"):
-            raise ValueError("Unknown direction: %s" % (direction,))
-
        return await self.db_pool.runInteraction(
            "get_event_id_for_timestamp_txn",
            get_event_id_for_timestamp_txn,
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/media_repository.py
@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from typing import (
    cast,
 )

+from synapse.api.constants import Direction
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
 from synapse.storage.database import (
    DatabasePool,
@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
        limit: int,
        user_id: str,
        order_by: str = MediaSortOrder.CREATED_TS.value,
-        direction: str = "f",
+        direction: Direction = Direction.FORWARDS,
    ) -> Tuple[List[Dict[str, Any]], int]:
        """Get a paginated list of metadata for a local piece of media
        which an user_id has uploaded
@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
            # Set ordering
            order_by_column = MediaSortOrder(order_by).value

-            if direction == "b":
+            if direction == Direction.BACKWARDS:
                order = "DESC"
            else:
                order = "ASC"
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/push_rule.py
@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ def _load_rules(
        msc1767_enabled=experimental_config.msc1767_enabled,
        msc3664_enabled=experimental_config.msc3664_enabled,
        msc3381_polls_enabled=experimental_config.msc3381_polls_enabled,
+        msc3952_intentional_mentions=experimental_config.msc3952_intentional_mentions,
+        msc3958_suppress_edits_enabled=experimental_config.msc3958_supress_edit_notifs,
    )

    return filtered_rules
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/receipts.py
@ -941,10 +941,14 @@ class ReceiptsBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
        receipts."""

        def _remote_duplicate_receipts_txn(txn: LoggingTransaction) -> None:
+            if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+                ROW_ID_NAME = "ctid"
+            else:
+                ROW_ID_NAME = "rowid"
+
            # Identify any duplicate receipts arising from
            # https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/14406.
-            # We expect the following query to use the per-thread receipt index and take
-            # less than a minute.
+            # The following query takes less than a minute on matrix.org.
            sql = """
                SELECT MAX(stream_id), room_id, receipt_type, user_id
                FROM receipts_linearized
@ -956,19 +960,33 @@ class ReceiptsBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
            duplicate_keys = cast(List[Tuple[int, str, str, str]], list(txn))

            # Then remove duplicate receipts, keeping the one with the highest
-            # `stream_id`. There should only be a single receipt with any given
-            # `stream_id`.
-            for max_stream_id, room_id, receipt_type, user_id in duplicate_keys:
-                sql = """
+            # `stream_id`. Since there might be duplicate rows with the same
+            # `stream_id`, we delete by the ctid instead.
+            for stream_id, room_id, receipt_type, user_id in duplicate_keys:
+                sql = f"""
+                SELECT {ROW_ID_NAME}
+                FROM receipts_linearized
+                WHERE
+                    room_id = ? AND
+                    receipt_type = ? AND
+                    user_id = ? AND
+                    thread_id IS NULL AND
+                    stream_id = ?
+                LIMIT 1
+                """
+                txn.execute(sql, (room_id, receipt_type, user_id, stream_id))
+                row_id = cast(Tuple[str], txn.fetchone())[0]
+
+                sql = f"""
                    DELETE FROM receipts_linearized
                    WHERE
                        room_id = ? AND
                        receipt_type = ? AND
                        user_id = ? AND
                        thread_id IS NULL AND
-                        stream_id < ?
+                        {ROW_ID_NAME} != ?
                """
-                txn.execute(sql, (room_id, receipt_type, user_id, max_stream_id))
+                txn.execute(sql, (room_id, receipt_type, user_id, row_id))

        await self.db_pool.runInteraction(
            self.RECEIPTS_LINEARIZED_UNIQUE_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME,
--- a/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/databases/main/relations.py
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ from typing import (

 import attr

-from synapse.api.constants import MAIN_TIMELINE, RelationTypes
+from synapse.api.constants import MAIN_TIMELINE, Direction, RelationTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
@ -40,9 +40,13 @@ from synapse.storage.database import (
    LoggingTransaction,
    make_in_list_sql_clause,
 )
-from synapse.storage.databases.main.stream import generate_pagination_where_clause
+from synapse.storage.databases.main.stream import (
+    generate_next_token,
+    generate_pagination_bounds,
+    generate_pagination_where_clause,
+)
 from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
-from synapse.types import JsonDict, RoomStreamToken, StreamKeyType, StreamToken
+from synapse.types import JsonDict, StreamKeyType, StreamToken
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList

 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@ -164,7 +168,7 @@ class RelationsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
        relation_type: Optional[str] = None,
        event_type: Optional[str] = None,
        limit: int = 5,
-        direction: str = "b",
+        direction: Direction = Direction.BACKWARDS,
        from_token: Optional[StreamToken] = None,
        to_token: Optional[StreamToken] = None,
    ) -> Tuple[List[_RelatedEvent], Optional[StreamToken]]:
@ -177,8 +181,8 @@ class RelationsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
            relation_type: Only fetch events with this relation type, if given.
            event_type: Only fetch events with this event type, if given.
            limit: Only fetch the most recent `limit` events.
-            direction: Whether to fetch the most recent first (`"b"`) or the
-                oldest first (`"f"`).
+            direction: Whether to fetch the most recent first (backwards) or the
+                oldest first (forwards).
            from_token: Fetch rows from the given token, or from the start if None.
            to_token: Fetch rows up to the given token, or up to the end if None.

@ -207,24 +211,23 @@ class RelationsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
            where_clause.append("type = ?")
            where_args.append(event_type)

+        order, from_bound, to_bound = generate_pagination_bounds(
+            direction,
+            from_token.room_key if from_token else None,
+            to_token.room_key if to_token else None,
+        )
+
        pagination_clause = generate_pagination_where_clause(
            direction=direction,
            column_names=("topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"),
-            from_token=from_token.room_key.as_historical_tuple()
-            if from_token
-            else None,
-            to_token=to_token.room_key.as_historical_tuple() if to_token else None,
+            from_token=from_bound,
+            to_token=to_bound,
            engine=self.database_engine,
        )

        if pagination_clause:
            where_clause.append(pagination_clause)

-        if direction == "b":
-            order = "DESC"
-        else:
-            order = "ASC"
-
        sql = """
            SELECT event_id, relation_type, sender, topological_ordering, stream_ordering
            FROM event_relations
@ -266,16 +269,9 @@ class RelationsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                topo_orderings = topo_orderings[:limit]
                stream_orderings = stream_orderings[:limit]

-                topo = topo_orderings[-1]
-                token = stream_orderings[-1]
-                if direction == "b":
-                    # Tokens are positions between events.
-                    # This token points *after* the last event in the chunk.
-                    # We need it to point to the event before it in the chunk
-                    # when we are going backwards so we subtract one from the
-                    # stream part.
-                    token -= 1
-                next_key = RoomStreamToken(topo, token)
+                next_key = generate_next_token(
+                    direction, topo_orderings[-1], stream_orderings[-1]
+                )

                if from_token:
                    next_token = from_token.copy_and_replace(
--- a/Show more
+++ b/Show more