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Cleanups to the OpenID Connect integration (#7628)

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docs, default configs, comments. Nothing very significant.
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# How to test OpenID Connect
Any OpenID Connect Provider (OP) should work with Synapse, as long as it supports the authorization code flow.
There are a few options for that:
- start a local OP. Synapse has been tested with [Hydra][hydra] and [Dex][dex-idp].
Note that for an OP to work, it should be served under a secure (HTTPS) origin.
A certificate signed with a self-signed, locally trusted CA should work. In that case, start Synapse with a `SSL_CERT_FILE` environment variable set to the path of the CA.
- use a publicly available OP. Synapse has been tested with [Google][google-idp].
- setup a SaaS OP, like [Auth0][auth0] and [Okta][okta]. Auth0 has a free tier which has been tested with Synapse.
[google-idp]: https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/OpenIDConnect#authenticatingtheuser
[auth0]: https://auth0.com/
[okta]: https://www.okta.com/
[dex-idp]: https://github.com/dexidp/dex
[hydra]: https://www.ory.sh/docs/hydra/
## Sample configs
Here are a few configs for providers that should work with Synapse.
### [Dex][dex-idp]
[Dex][dex-idp] is a simple, open-source, certified OpenID Connect Provider.
Although it is designed to help building a full-blown provider, with some external database, it can be configured with static passwords in a config file.
Follow the [Getting Started guide](https://github.com/dexidp/dex/blob/master/Documentation/getting-started.md) to install Dex.
Edit `examples/config-dev.yaml` config file from the Dex repo to add a client:
```yaml
staticClients:
- id: synapse
secret: secret
redirectURIs:
- '[synapse base url]/_synapse/oidc/callback'
name: 'Synapse'
```
Run with `dex serve examples/config-dex.yaml`
Synapse config:
```yaml
oidc_config:
enabled: true
skip_verification: true # This is needed as Dex is served on an insecure endpoint
issuer: "http://127.0.0.1:5556/dex"
discover: true
client_id: "synapse"
client_secret: "secret"
scopes:
- openid
- profile
user_mapping_provider:
config:
localpart_template: '{{ user.name }}'
display_name_template: '{{ user.name|capitalize }}'
```
### [Auth0][auth0]
1. Create a regular web application for Synapse
2. Set the Allowed Callback URLs to `[synapse base url]/_synapse/oidc/callback`
3. Add a rule to add the `preferred_username` claim.
<details>
<summary>Code sample</summary>
```js
function addPersistenceAttribute(user, context, callback) {
user.user_metadata = user.user_metadata || {};
user.user_metadata.preferred_username = user.user_metadata.preferred_username || user.user_id;
context.idToken.preferred_username = user.user_metadata.preferred_username;
auth0.users.updateUserMetadata(user.user_id, user.user_metadata)
.then(function(){
callback(null, user, context);
})
.catch(function(err){
callback(err);
});
}
```
</details>
```yaml
oidc_config:
enabled: true
issuer: "https://your-tier.eu.auth0.com/" # TO BE FILLED
discover: true
client_id: "your-client-id" # TO BE FILLED
client_secret: "your-client-secret" # TO BE FILLED
scopes:
- openid
- profile
user_mapping_provider:
config:
localpart_template: '{{ user.preferred_username }}'
display_name_template: '{{ user.name }}'
```
### GitHub
GitHub is a bit special as it is not an OpenID Connect compliant provider, but just a regular OAuth2 provider.
The `/user` API endpoint can be used to retrieve informations from the user.
As the OIDC login mechanism needs an attribute to uniquely identify users and that endpoint does not return a `sub` property, an alternative `subject_claim` has to be set.
1. Create a new OAuth application: https://github.com/settings/applications/new
2. Set the callback URL to `[synapse base url]/_synapse/oidc/callback`
```yaml
oidc_config:
enabled: true
issuer: "https://github.com/"
discover: false
client_id: "your-client-id" # TO BE FILLED
client_secret: "your-client-secret" # TO BE FILLED
authorization_endpoint: "https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize"
token_endpoint: "https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token"
userinfo_endpoint: "https://api.github.com/user"
scopes:
- read:user
user_mapping_provider:
config:
subject_claim: 'id'
localpart_template: '{{ user.login }}'
display_name_template: '{{ user.name }}'
```
### Google
1. Setup a project in the Google API Console
2. Obtain the OAuth 2.0 credentials (see <https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2/openid-connect>)
3. Add this Authorized redirect URI: `[synapse base url]/_synapse/oidc/callback`
```yaml
oidc_config:
enabled: true
issuer: "https://accounts.google.com/"
discover: true
client_id: "your-client-id" # TO BE FILLED
client_secret: "your-client-secret" # TO BE FILLED
scopes:
- openid
- profile
user_mapping_provider:
config:
localpart_template: '{{ user.given_name|lower }}'
display_name_template: '{{ user.name }}'
```
### Twitch
1. Setup a developer account on [Twitch](https://dev.twitch.tv/)
2. Obtain the OAuth 2.0 credentials by [creating an app](https://dev.twitch.tv/console/apps/)
3. Add this OAuth Redirect URL: `[synapse base url]/_synapse/oidc/callback`
```yaml
oidc_config:
enabled: true
issuer: "https://id.twitch.tv/oauth2/"
discover: true
client_id: "your-client-id" # TO BE FILLED
client_secret: "your-client-secret" # TO BE FILLED
client_auth_method: "client_secret_post"
scopes:
- openid
user_mapping_provider:
config:
localpart_template: '{{ user.preferred_username }}'
display_name_template: '{{ user.name }}'
```