diff --git a/saving_gas/README.md b/saving_gas/README.md index f908c65..9dd44a6 100644 --- a/saving_gas/README.md +++ b/saving_gas/README.md @@ -1,23 +1,51 @@ -## tricks to save gas +## gas
-### tl; dr +### gas costs -- gas is the cost for on-chain computation and storage. -- examples: addition costs 3 gas, Keccak-256 costs 30 gas + 6 gas for each 256 bits of data being hashed, and sending a transaction costs 21,000 gas. -- brute force hashes of function names to find those that start 0000, so this can save around 50 gas. -- avoid calls to other contracts. -- ++i uses 5 gas less than i++. -- if you don’t need a variable anymore, you should delete it using the delete keyword provided by solidity or by setting it to its default value. +
+ +- gas is the cost for on-chain computation and storage. examples: + - addition costs 3 gas, keccak-256 costs 30 gas + 6 gas for each 256 bits of data being hashed + - sending a transaction costs 21,000 gas (intrinsic gas) + - creating a contract cost 32000 gas +- each **calldata** byte costs gas (gas per byte equal to 0, and 16 gas for the others), the larger the size of the transaction data, the higher the gas fees. +- each opcode has a [specific fixed cost to be paid upon execution](https://www.evm.codes/?fork=arrowGlacier)
---- +### calculating gas for your code +
-Screen Shot 2023-01-24 at 4 28 45 PM +* online: [remix](https://remix.ethereum.org/) + + +
+ +---- + + +### tricks to save gas + +
+ +#### small ones + +
+ +- brute force hashes of function names to find those that start 0000, so this can save around 50 gas. +- if you don’t need a variable anymore, you should delete it using the delete keyword provided by solidity or by setting it to its default value. +- avoid calls to other contracts. +- ++i uses 5 gas less than i++. + +
+ + +Screen Shot 2023-01-24 at 4 28 45 PM @@ -106,11 +134,11 @@ uint256 world; //good, cheap
-* [resources for gas optimization](https://github.com/kadenzipfel/gas-optimizations) * [truffle contract size](https://github.com/IoBuilders/truffle-contract-size) +* [foundry book on gas](https://book.getfoundry.sh/forge/gas-reports) * [solidity gas optimizations](https://mirror.xyz/haruxe.eth/DW5verFv8KsYOBC0SxqWORYry17kPdeS94JqOVkgxAA) * [hardhat on gas optimization](https://medium.com/@thelasthash/%EF%B8%8F-gas-optimization-with-hardhat-1e553eaea311) -* [foundry on gas](https://book.getfoundry.sh/forge/gas-reports) +* [resources for gas optimization](https://github.com/kadenzipfel/gas-optimizations) * [awesome solidity gas optimization](https://github.com/iskdrews/awesome-solidity-gas-optimization)