diff --git a/lib/chat/cubits/single_contact_messages_cubit.dart b/lib/chat/cubits/single_contact_messages_cubit.dart
index dc0e2d4..7ab3401 100644
--- a/lib/chat/cubits/single_contact_messages_cubit.dart
+++ b/lib/chat/cubits/single_contact_messages_cubit.dart
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import 'dart:async';
+import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
 
 import 'package:async_tools/async_tools.dart';
 import 'package:fast_immutable_collections/fast_immutable_collections.dart';
@@ -15,7 +17,6 @@ class RenderStateElement {
       {required this.message,
       required this.isLocal,
       this.reconciled = false,
-      this.reconciledOffline = false,
       this.sent = false,
       this.sentOffline = false});
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ class RenderStateElement {
     if (sent && !sentOffline) {
       return MessageSendState.delivered;
     }
-    if (reconciled && !reconciledOffline) {
+    if (reconciled) {
       return MessageSendState.sent;
     }
     return MessageSendState.sending;
@@ -36,7 +37,6 @@ class RenderStateElement {
   proto.Message message;
   bool isLocal;
   bool reconciled;
-  bool reconciledOffline;
   bool sent;
   bool sentOffline;
 }
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class SingleContactMessagesCubit extends Cubit<SingleContactMessagesState> {
     );
 
     // Make crypto
-    await _initMessagesCrypto();
+    await _initCrypto();
 
     // Reconciled messages key
     await _initReconciledMessagesCubit();
@@ -109,9 +109,13 @@ class SingleContactMessagesCubit extends Cubit<SingleContactMessagesState> {
   }
 
   // Make crypto
-  Future<void> _initMessagesCrypto() async {
+  Future<void> _initCrypto() async {
     _messagesCrypto = await _activeAccountInfo
         .makeConversationCrypto(_remoteIdentityPublicKey);
+    _localMessagesCryptoSystem =
+        await Veilid.instance.getCryptoSystem(_localMessagesRecordKey.kind);
+    _identityCryptoSystem =
+        await _activeAccountInfo.localAccount.identityMaster.identityCrypto;
   }
 
   // Open local messages key
@@ -144,13 +148,16 @@ class SingleContactMessagesCubit extends Cubit<SingleContactMessagesState> {
     _updateRcvdMessagesState(_rcvdMessagesCubit!.state);
   }
 
+  Future<VeilidCrypto> _makeLocalMessagesCrypto() async =>
+      VeilidCryptoPrivate.fromTypedKey(
+          _activeAccountInfo.userLogin.identitySecret, 'tabledb');
+
   // Open reconciled chat record key
   Future<void> _initReconciledMessagesCubit() async {
     final tableName = _localConversationRecordKey.toString();
 
-  xxx whats the right encryption for reconciled messages cubit?
+    final crypto = await _makeLocalMessagesCrypto();
 
-    final crypto = VeilidCryptoPrivate.fromTypedKey(kind, secretKey);
     _reconciledMessagesCubit = TableDBArrayCubit(
         open: () async => TableDBArray.make(table: tableName, crypto: crypto),
         decodeElement: proto.Message.fromBuffer);
@@ -183,8 +190,8 @@ class SingleContactMessagesCubit extends Cubit<SingleContactMessagesState> {
     if (sentMessages == null) {
       return;
     }
-    // Don't reconcile, the sending machine will have already added
-    // to the reconciliation queue on that machine
+
+    await _reconcileMessages(sentMessages, _sentMessagesCubit);
 
     // Update the view
     _renderState();
@@ -197,16 +204,18 @@ class SingleContactMessagesCubit extends Cubit<SingleContactMessagesState> {
       return;
     }
 
+    await _reconcileMessages(rcvdMessages, _rcvdMessagesCubit);
+
     singleFuture(_rcvdMessagesCubit!, () async {
       // Get the timestamp of our most recent reconciled message
       final lastReconciledMessageTs =
-          await _reconciledMessagesCubit!.operate((r) async {
-        final len = r.length;
+          await _reconciledMessagesCubit!.operate((arr) async {
+        final len = arr.length;
         if (len == 0) {
           return null;
         } else {
           final lastMessage =
-              await r.getItemProtobuf(proto.Message.fromBuffer, len - 1);
+              await arr.getProtobuf(proto.Message.fromBuffer, len - 1);
           if (lastMessage == null) {
             throw StateError('should have gotten last message');
           }
@@ -232,11 +241,9 @@ class SingleContactMessagesCubit extends Cubit<SingleContactMessagesState> {
     });
   }
 
-  // Called when the reconciled messages list gets a change
-  // This can happen when multiple clients for the same identity are
-  // reading and reconciling the same remote chat
+  // Called when the reconciled messages window gets a change
   void _updateReconciledMessagesState(
-      DHTLogBusyState<proto.Message> avmessages) {
+      TableDBArrayBusyState<proto.Message> avmessages) {
     // Update the view
     _renderState();
   }
@@ -252,10 +259,62 @@ class SingleContactMessagesCubit extends Cubit<SingleContactMessagesState> {
     // });
   }
 
+  Future<Uint8List> _hashSignature(proto.Signature signature) async =>
+      (await _localMessagesCryptoSystem
+              .generateHash(signature.toVeilid().decode()))
+          .decode();
+
+  Future<void> _signMessage(proto.Message message) async {
+    // Generate data to sign
+    final data = Uint8List.fromList(utf8.encode(message.writeToJson()));
+
+    // Sign with our identity
+    final signature = await _identityCryptoSystem.sign(
+        _activeAccountInfo.localAccount.identityMaster.identityPublicKey,
+        _activeAccountInfo.userLogin.identitySecret.value,
+        data);
+
+    // Add to the message
+    message.signature = signature.toProto();
+  }
+
+  Future<void> _processMessageToSend(
+      proto.Message message, proto.Message? previousMessage) async {
+    // Get the previous message if we don't have one
+    previousMessage ??= await _sentMessagesCubit!.operate((r) async =>
+        r.length == 0
+            ? null
+            : await r.getProtobuf(proto.Message.fromBuffer, r.length - 1));
+
+    if (previousMessage == null) {
+      // If there's no last sent message,
+      // we start at a hash of the identity public key
+      message.id = (await _localMessagesCryptoSystem.generateHash(
+              _activeAccountInfo.localAccount.identityMaster.identityPublicKey
+                  .decode()))
+          .decode();
+    } else {
+      // If there is a last message, we generate the hash
+      // of the last message's signature and use it as our next id
+      message.id = await _hashSignature(previousMessage.signature);
+    }
+
+    // Now sign it
+    await _signMessage(message);
+  }
+
   // Async process to send messages in the background
   Future<void> _processSendingMessages(IList<proto.Message> messages) async {
+    // Go through and assign ids to all the messages in order
+    proto.Message? previousMessage;
+    final processedMessages = messages.toList();
+    for (final message in processedMessages) {
+      await _processMessageToSend(message, previousMessage);
+      previousMessage = message;
+    }
+
     await _sentMessagesCubit!.operateAppendEventual((writer) =>
-        writer.tryAddItems(messages.map((m) => m.writeToBuffer()).toList()));
+        writer.tryAddAll(messages.map((m) => m.writeToBuffer()).toList()));
   }
 
   Future<void> _reconcileMessagesInner(
@@ -345,9 +404,8 @@ class SingleContactMessagesCubit extends Cubit<SingleContactMessagesState> {
       keyMapper: (x) => x.value.timestamp,
       values: sentMessages.elements,
     );
-    final reconciledMessagesMap =
-        IMap<Int64, DHTLogElementState<proto.Message>>.fromValues(
-      keyMapper: (x) => x.value.timestamp,
+    final reconciledMessagesMap = IMap<Int64, proto.Message>.fromValues(
+      keyMapper: (x) => x.timestamp,
       values: reconciledMessages.elements,
     );
     final sendingMessagesMap = IMap<Int64, proto.Message>.fromValues(
@@ -416,7 +474,7 @@ class SingleContactMessagesCubit extends Cubit<SingleContactMessagesState> {
     emit(AsyncValue.data(renderedState));
   }
 
-  void addTextMessage({required proto.Message_Text messageText}) {
+  void sendTextMessage({required proto.Message_Text messageText}) {
     final message = proto.Message()
       ..id = generateNextId()
       ..author = _activeAccountInfo.localAccount.identityMaster
@@ -425,7 +483,6 @@ class SingleContactMessagesCubit extends Cubit<SingleContactMessagesState> {
       ..timestamp = Veilid.instance.now().toInt64()
       ..text = messageText;
 
-    _unreconciledMessagesQueue.addSync(message);
     _sendingMessagesQueue.addSync(message);
 
     // Update the view
@@ -456,15 +513,18 @@ class SingleContactMessagesCubit extends Cubit<SingleContactMessagesState> {
   final TypedKey _remoteMessagesRecordKey;
 
   late final VeilidCrypto _messagesCrypto;
+  late final VeilidCryptoSystem _localMessagesCryptoSystem;
+  late final VeilidCryptoSystem _identityCryptoSystem;
 
   DHTLogCubit<proto.Message>? _sentMessagesCubit;
   DHTLogCubit<proto.Message>? _rcvdMessagesCubit;
   TableDBArrayCubit<proto.Message>? _reconciledMessagesCubit;
 
-  late final PersistentQueue<proto.Message> _unreconciledMessagesQueue;
+  late final PersistentQueue<proto.Message> _unreconciledMessagesQueue; xxx can we eliminate this? and make rcvd messages cubit listener work like sent?
   late final PersistentQueue<proto.Message> _sendingMessagesQueue;
 
   StreamSubscription<DHTLogBusyState<proto.Message>>? _sentSubscription;
   StreamSubscription<DHTLogBusyState<proto.Message>>? _rcvdSubscription;
-  StreamSubscription<DHTLogBusyState<proto.Message>>? _reconciledSubscription;
+  StreamSubscription<TableDBArrayBusyState<proto.Message>>?
+      _reconciledSubscription;
 }
diff --git a/lib/chat/views/chat_component.dart b/lib/chat/views/chat_component.dart
index 5aa70b7..06d4312 100644
--- a/lib/chat/views/chat_component.dart
+++ b/lib/chat/views/chat_component.dart
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class ChatComponent extends StatelessWidget {
       ..viewLimit = viewLimit ?? 0;
     protoMessageText.attachments.addAll(attachments);
 
-    _messagesCubit.addTextMessage(messageText: protoMessageText);
+    _messagesCubit.sendTextMessage(messageText: protoMessageText);
   }
 
   void _handleSendPressed(types.PartialText message) {
diff --git a/lib/chat_list/cubits/chat_list_cubit.dart b/lib/chat_list/cubits/chat_list_cubit.dart
index ff1d5d0..2ab2993 100644
--- a/lib/chat_list/cubits/chat_list_cubit.dart
+++ b/lib/chat_list/cubits/chat_list_cubit.dart
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class ChatListCubit extends DHTShortArrayCubit<proto.Chat>
     await operateWrite((writer) async {
       // See if we have added this chat already
       for (var i = 0; i < writer.length; i++) {
-        final cbuf = await writer.getItem(i);
+        final cbuf = await writer.get(i);
         if (cbuf == null) {
           throw Exception('Failed to get chat');
         }
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class ChatListCubit extends DHTShortArrayCubit<proto.Chat>
         ..remoteConversationRecordKey = remoteConversationRecordKey.toProto();
 
       // Add chat
-      final added = await writer.tryAddItem(chat.writeToBuffer());
+      final added = await writer.tryAdd(chat.writeToBuffer());
       if (!added) {
         throw Exception('Failed to add chat');
       }
@@ -106,15 +106,14 @@ class ChatListCubit extends DHTShortArrayCubit<proto.Chat>
                 activeChatCubit.setActiveChat(null);
               }
               for (var i = 0; i < writer.length; i++) {
-                final c =
-                    await writer.getItemProtobuf(proto.Chat.fromBuffer, i);
+                final c = await writer.getProtobuf(proto.Chat.fromBuffer, i);
                 if (c == null) {
                   throw Exception('Failed to get chat');
                 }
                 if (c.localConversationRecordKey ==
                     localConversationRecordKeyProto) {
                   // Found the right chat
-                  await writer.removeItem(i);
+                  await writer.remove(i);
                   return c;
                 }
               }
diff --git a/lib/contact_invitation/cubits/contact_invitation_list_cubit.dart b/lib/contact_invitation/cubits/contact_invitation_list_cubit.dart
index da1f6e3..640d416 100644
--- a/lib/contact_invitation/cubits/contact_invitation_list_cubit.dart
+++ b/lib/contact_invitation/cubits/contact_invitation_list_cubit.dart
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class ContactInvitationListCubit
         // Add ContactInvitationRecord to account's list
         // if this fails, don't keep retrying, user can try again later
         await operateWrite((writer) async {
-          if (await writer.tryAddItem(cinvrec.writeToBuffer()) == false) {
+          if (await writer.tryAdd(cinvrec.writeToBuffer()) == false) {
             throw Exception('Failed to add contact invitation record');
           }
         });
@@ -179,14 +179,14 @@ class ContactInvitationListCubit
     // Remove ContactInvitationRecord from account's list
     final deletedItem = await operateWrite((writer) async {
       for (var i = 0; i < writer.length; i++) {
-        final item = await writer.getItemProtobuf(
+        final item = await writer.getProtobuf(
             proto.ContactInvitationRecord.fromBuffer, i);
         if (item == null) {
           throw Exception('Failed to get contact invitation record');
         }
         if (item.contactRequestInbox.recordKey.toVeilid() ==
             contactRequestInboxRecordKey) {
-          await writer.removeItem(i);
+          await writer.remove(i);
           return item;
         }
       }
diff --git a/lib/contacts/cubits/contact_list_cubit.dart b/lib/contacts/cubits/contact_list_cubit.dart
index 2eb8a08..71669fc 100644
--- a/lib/contacts/cubits/contact_list_cubit.dart
+++ b/lib/contacts/cubits/contact_list_cubit.dart
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class ContactListCubit extends DHTShortArrayCubit<proto.Contact> {
     // Add Contact to account's list
     // if this fails, don't keep retrying, user can try again later
     await operateWrite((writer) async {
-      if (!await writer.tryAddItem(contact.writeToBuffer())) {
+      if (!await writer.tryAdd(contact.writeToBuffer())) {
         throw Exception('Failed to add contact record');
       }
     });
@@ -72,13 +72,13 @@ class ContactListCubit extends DHTShortArrayCubit<proto.Contact> {
     // Remove Contact from account's list
     final deletedItem = await operateWrite((writer) async {
       for (var i = 0; i < writer.length; i++) {
-        final item = await writer.getItemProtobuf(proto.Contact.fromBuffer, i);
+        final item = await writer.getProtobuf(proto.Contact.fromBuffer, i);
         if (item == null) {
           throw Exception('Failed to get contact');
         }
         if (item.localConversationRecordKey ==
             contact.localConversationRecordKey) {
-          await writer.removeItem(i);
+          await writer.remove(i);
           return item;
         }
       }
diff --git a/lib/proto/veilidchat.pb.dart b/lib/proto/veilidchat.pb.dart
index 3544f00..7770d73 100644
--- a/lib/proto/veilidchat.pb.dart
+++ b/lib/proto/veilidchat.pb.dart
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ class Message_ControlDelete extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
   factory Message_ControlDelete.fromJson($core.String i, [$pb.ExtensionRegistry r = $pb.ExtensionRegistry.EMPTY]) => create()..mergeFromJson(i, r);
 
   static final $pb.BuilderInfo _i = $pb.BuilderInfo(_omitMessageNames ? '' : 'Message.ControlDelete', package: const $pb.PackageName(_omitMessageNames ? '' : 'veilidchat'), createEmptyInstance: create)
-    ..pc<$0.TypedKey>(1, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'ids', $pb.PbFieldType.PM, subBuilder: $0.TypedKey.create)
+    ..p<$core.List<$core.int>>(1, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'ids', $pb.PbFieldType.PY)
     ..hasRequiredFields = false
   ;
 
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ class Message_ControlDelete extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
   static Message_ControlDelete? _defaultInstance;
 
   @$pb.TagNumber(1)
-  $core.List<$0.TypedKey> get ids => $_getList(0);
+  $core.List<$core.List<$core.int>> get ids => $_getList(0);
 }
 
 class Message_ControlErase extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
@@ -696,8 +696,8 @@ class Message_ControlModeration extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
   factory Message_ControlModeration.fromJson($core.String i, [$pb.ExtensionRegistry r = $pb.ExtensionRegistry.EMPTY]) => create()..mergeFromJson(i, r);
 
   static final $pb.BuilderInfo _i = $pb.BuilderInfo(_omitMessageNames ? '' : 'Message.ControlModeration', package: const $pb.PackageName(_omitMessageNames ? '' : 'veilidchat'), createEmptyInstance: create)
-    ..pc<$0.TypedKey>(1, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'acceptedIds', $pb.PbFieldType.PM, subBuilder: $0.TypedKey.create)
-    ..pc<$0.TypedKey>(2, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'rejectedIds', $pb.PbFieldType.PM, subBuilder: $0.TypedKey.create)
+    ..p<$core.List<$core.int>>(1, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'acceptedIds', $pb.PbFieldType.PY)
+    ..p<$core.List<$core.int>>(2, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'rejectedIds', $pb.PbFieldType.PY)
     ..hasRequiredFields = false
   ;
 
@@ -723,10 +723,46 @@ class Message_ControlModeration extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
   static Message_ControlModeration? _defaultInstance;
 
   @$pb.TagNumber(1)
-  $core.List<$0.TypedKey> get acceptedIds => $_getList(0);
+  $core.List<$core.List<$core.int>> get acceptedIds => $_getList(0);
 
   @$pb.TagNumber(2)
-  $core.List<$0.TypedKey> get rejectedIds => $_getList(1);
+  $core.List<$core.List<$core.int>> get rejectedIds => $_getList(1);
+}
+
+class Message_ControlReadReceipt extends $pb.GeneratedMessage {
+  factory Message_ControlReadReceipt() => create();
+  Message_ControlReadReceipt._() : super();
+  factory Message_ControlReadReceipt.fromBuffer($core.List<$core.int> i, [$pb.ExtensionRegistry r = $pb.ExtensionRegistry.EMPTY]) => create()..mergeFromBuffer(i, r);
+  factory Message_ControlReadReceipt.fromJson($core.String i, [$pb.ExtensionRegistry r = $pb.ExtensionRegistry.EMPTY]) => create()..mergeFromJson(i, r);
+
+  static final $pb.BuilderInfo _i = $pb.BuilderInfo(_omitMessageNames ? '' : 'Message.ControlReadReceipt', package: const $pb.PackageName(_omitMessageNames ? '' : 'veilidchat'), createEmptyInstance: create)
+    ..p<$core.List<$core.int>>(1, _omitFieldNames ? '' : 'readIds', $pb.PbFieldType.PY)
+    ..hasRequiredFields = false
+  ;
+
+  @$core.Deprecated(
+  'Using this can add significant overhead to your binary. '
+  'Use [GeneratedMessageGenericExtensions.deepCopy] instead. '
+  'Will be removed in next major version')
+  Message_ControlReadReceipt clone() => Message_ControlReadReceipt()..mergeFromMessage(this);
+  @$core.Deprecated(
+  'Using this can add significant overhead to your binary. '
+  'Use [GeneratedMessageGenericExtensions.rebuild] instead. '
+  'Will be removed in next major version')
+  Message_ControlReadReceipt copyWith(void Function(Message_ControlReadReceipt) updates) => super.copyWith((message) => updates(message as Message_ControlReadReceipt)) as Message_ControlReadReceipt;
+
+  $pb.BuilderInfo get info_ => _i;
+
+  @$core.pragma('dart2js:noInline')
+  static Message_ControlReadReceipt create() => Message_ControlReadReceipt._();
+  Message_ControlReadReceipt createEmptyInstance() => create();
+  static $pb.PbList<Message_ControlReadReceipt> createRepeated() => $pb.PbList<Message_ControlReadReceipt>();
+  @$core.pragma('dart2js:noInline')
+  static Message_ControlReadReceipt getDefault() => _defaultInstance ??= $pb.GeneratedMessage.$_defaultFor<Message_ControlReadReceipt>(create);
+  static Message_ControlReadReceipt? _defaultInstance;
+
+  @$pb.TagNumber(1)
+  $core.List<$core.List<$core.int>> get readIds => $_getList(0);
 }
 
 enum Message_Kind {
diff --git a/lib/proto/veilidchat.pbjson.dart b/lib/proto/veilidchat.pbjson.dart
index 1470054..56ebbe6 100644
--- a/lib/proto/veilidchat.pbjson.dart
+++ b/lib/proto/veilidchat.pbjson.dart
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ const Message$json = {
     {'1': 'moderation', '3': 11, '4': 1, '5': 11, '6': '.veilidchat.Message.ControlModeration', '9': 0, '10': 'moderation'},
     {'1': 'signature', '3': 12, '4': 1, '5': 11, '6': '.veilid.Signature', '10': 'signature'},
   ],
-  '3': [Message_Text$json, Message_Secret$json, Message_ControlDelete$json, Message_ControlErase$json, Message_ControlSettings$json, Message_ControlPermissions$json, Message_ControlMembership$json, Message_ControlModeration$json],
+  '3': [Message_Text$json, Message_Secret$json, Message_ControlDelete$json, Message_ControlErase$json, Message_ControlSettings$json, Message_ControlPermissions$json, Message_ControlMembership$json, Message_ControlModeration$json, Message_ControlReadReceipt$json],
   '8': [
     {'1': 'kind'},
   ],
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ const Message_Secret$json = {
 const Message_ControlDelete$json = {
   '1': 'ControlDelete',
   '2': [
-    {'1': 'ids', '3': 1, '4': 3, '5': 11, '6': '.veilid.TypedKey', '10': 'ids'},
+    {'1': 'ids', '3': 1, '4': 3, '5': 12, '10': 'ids'},
   ],
 };
 
@@ -248,8 +248,16 @@ const Message_ControlMembership$json = {
 const Message_ControlModeration$json = {
   '1': 'ControlModeration',
   '2': [
-    {'1': 'accepted_ids', '3': 1, '4': 3, '5': 11, '6': '.veilid.TypedKey', '10': 'acceptedIds'},
-    {'1': 'rejected_ids', '3': 2, '4': 3, '5': 11, '6': '.veilid.TypedKey', '10': 'rejectedIds'},
+    {'1': 'accepted_ids', '3': 1, '4': 3, '5': 12, '10': 'acceptedIds'},
+    {'1': 'rejected_ids', '3': 2, '4': 3, '5': 12, '10': 'rejectedIds'},
+  ],
+};
+
+@$core.Deprecated('Use messageDescriptor instead')
+const Message_ControlReadReceipt$json = {
+  '1': 'ControlReadReceipt',
+  '2': [
+    {'1': 'read_ids', '3': 1, '4': 3, '5': 12, '10': 'readIds'},
   ],
 };
 
@@ -272,15 +280,15 @@ final $typed_data.Uint8List messageDescriptor = $convert.base64Decode(
     'HQoKdmlld19saW1pdBgFIAEoDVIJdmlld0xpbWl0EjgKC2F0dGFjaG1lbnRzGAYgAygLMhYudm'
     'VpbGlkY2hhdC5BdHRhY2htZW50UgthdHRhY2htZW50c0IICgZfdG9waWNCCwoJX3JlcGx5X2lk'
     'GkgKBlNlY3JldBIeCgpjaXBoZXJ0ZXh0GAEgASgMUgpjaXBoZXJ0ZXh0Eh4KCmV4cGlyYXRpb2'
-    '4YAiABKARSCmV4cGlyYXRpb24aMwoNQ29udHJvbERlbGV0ZRIiCgNpZHMYASADKAsyEC52ZWls'
-    'aWQuVHlwZWRLZXlSA2lkcxosCgxDb250cm9sRXJhc2USHAoJdGltZXN0YW1wGAEgASgEUgl0aW'
-    '1lc3RhbXAaRwoPQ29udHJvbFNldHRpbmdzEjQKCHNldHRpbmdzGAEgASgLMhgudmVpbGlkY2hh'
-    'dC5DaGF0U2V0dGluZ3NSCHNldHRpbmdzGk8KEkNvbnRyb2xQZXJtaXNzaW9ucxI5CgtwZXJtaX'
-    'NzaW9ucxgBIAEoCzIXLnZlaWxpZGNoYXQuUGVybWlzc2lvbnNSC3Blcm1pc3Npb25zGksKEUNv'
-    'bnRyb2xNZW1iZXJzaGlwEjYKCm1lbWJlcnNoaXAYASABKAsyFi52ZWlsaWRjaGF0Lk1lbWJlcn'
-    'NoaXBSCm1lbWJlcnNoaXAafQoRQ29udHJvbE1vZGVyYXRpb24SMwoMYWNjZXB0ZWRfaWRzGAEg'
-    'AygLMhAudmVpbGlkLlR5cGVkS2V5UgthY2NlcHRlZElkcxIzCgxyZWplY3RlZF9pZHMYAiADKA'
-    'syEC52ZWlsaWQuVHlwZWRLZXlSC3JlamVjdGVkSWRzQgYKBGtpbmQ=');
+    '4YAiABKARSCmV4cGlyYXRpb24aIQoNQ29udHJvbERlbGV0ZRIQCgNpZHMYASADKAxSA2lkcxos'
+    'CgxDb250cm9sRXJhc2USHAoJdGltZXN0YW1wGAEgASgEUgl0aW1lc3RhbXAaRwoPQ29udHJvbF'
+    'NldHRpbmdzEjQKCHNldHRpbmdzGAEgASgLMhgudmVpbGlkY2hhdC5DaGF0U2V0dGluZ3NSCHNl'
+    'dHRpbmdzGk8KEkNvbnRyb2xQZXJtaXNzaW9ucxI5CgtwZXJtaXNzaW9ucxgBIAEoCzIXLnZlaW'
+    'xpZGNoYXQuUGVybWlzc2lvbnNSC3Blcm1pc3Npb25zGksKEUNvbnRyb2xNZW1iZXJzaGlwEjYK'
+    'Cm1lbWJlcnNoaXAYASABKAsyFi52ZWlsaWRjaGF0Lk1lbWJlcnNoaXBSCm1lbWJlcnNoaXAaWQ'
+    'oRQ29udHJvbE1vZGVyYXRpb24SIQoMYWNjZXB0ZWRfaWRzGAEgAygMUgthY2NlcHRlZElkcxIh'
+    'CgxyZWplY3RlZF9pZHMYAiADKAxSC3JlamVjdGVkSWRzGi8KEkNvbnRyb2xSZWFkUmVjZWlwdB'
+    'IZCghyZWFkX2lkcxgBIAMoDFIHcmVhZElkc0IGCgRraW5k');
 
 @$core.Deprecated('Use reconciledMessageDescriptor instead')
 const ReconciledMessage$json = {
diff --git a/lib/proto/veilidchat.proto b/lib/proto/veilidchat.proto
index 81c963c..fa701fb 100644
--- a/lib/proto/veilidchat.proto
+++ b/lib/proto/veilidchat.proto
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ message Message {
     // A 'delete' control message
     // Deletes a set of messages by their ids
     message ControlDelete {
-        repeated veilid.TypedKey ids = 1;
+        repeated bytes ids = 1;
     } 
     // An 'erase' control message
     // Deletes a set of messages from before some timestamp
@@ -175,8 +175,13 @@ message Message {
     // A 'moderation' control message
     // Accepts or rejects a set of messages
     message ControlModeration {
-        repeated veilid.TypedKey accepted_ids = 1;
-        repeated veilid.TypedKey rejected_ids = 2;
+        repeated bytes accepted_ids = 1;
+        repeated bytes rejected_ids = 2;
+    }
+
+    // A 'read receipt' control message
+    message ControlReadReceipt {
+        repeated bytes read_ids = 1;
     }
 
     //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/example/integration_test/test_dht_log.dart b/packages/veilid_support/example/integration_test/test_dht_log.dart
index 0c06c87..0ebdd55 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/example/integration_test/test_dht_log.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/example/integration_test/test_dht_log.dart
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Future<void> Function() makeTestDHTLogAddTruncate({required int stride}) =>
           const chunk = 25;
           for (var n = 0; n < dataset.length; n += chunk) {
             print('$n-${n + chunk - 1} ');
-            final success = await w.tryAddItems(dataset.sublist(n, n + chunk));
+            final success = await w.tryAddAll(dataset.sublist(n, n + chunk));
             expect(success, isTrue);
           }
         });
@@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ Future<void> Function() makeTestDHTLogAddTruncate({required int stride}) =>
 
       print('get all\n');
       {
-        final dataset2 = await dlog.operate((r) async => r.getItemRange(0));
+        final dataset2 = await dlog.operate((r) async => r.getRange(0));
         expect(dataset2, equals(dataset));
       }
       {
         final dataset3 =
-            await dlog.operate((r) async => r.getItemRange(64, length: 128));
+            await dlog.operate((r) async => r.getRange(64, length: 128));
         expect(dataset3, equals(dataset.sublist(64, 64 + 128)));
       }
       {
         final dataset4 =
-            await dlog.operate((r) async => r.getItemRange(0, length: 1000));
+            await dlog.operate((r) async => r.getRange(0, length: 1000));
         expect(dataset4, equals(dataset.sublist(0, 1000)));
       }
       {
         final dataset5 =
-            await dlog.operate((r) async => r.getItemRange(500, length: 499));
+            await dlog.operate((r) async => r.getRange(500, length: 499));
         expect(dataset5, equals(dataset.sublist(500, 999)));
       }
       print('truncate\n');
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ Future<void> Function() makeTestDHTLogAddTruncate({required int stride}) =>
         await dlog.operateAppend((w) async => w.truncate(w.length - 5));
       }
       {
-        final dataset6 = await dlog
-            .operate((r) async => r.getItemRange(500 - 5, length: 499));
+        final dataset6 =
+            await dlog.operate((r) async => r.getRange(500 - 5, length: 499));
         expect(dataset6, equals(dataset.sublist(500, 999)));
       }
       print('truncate 2\n');
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ Future<void> Function() makeTestDHTLogAddTruncate({required int stride}) =>
         await dlog.operateAppend((w) async => w.truncate(w.length - 251));
       }
       {
-        final dataset7 = await dlog
-            .operate((r) async => r.getItemRange(500 - 256, length: 499));
+        final dataset7 =
+            await dlog.operate((r) async => r.getRange(500 - 256, length: 499));
         expect(dataset7, equals(dataset.sublist(500, 999)));
       }
       print('clear\n');
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Future<void> Function() makeTestDHTLogAddTruncate({required int stride}) =>
       }
       print('get all\n');
       {
-        final dataset8 = await dlog.operate((r) async => r.getItemRange(0));
+        final dataset8 = await dlog.operate((r) async => r.getRange(0));
         expect(dataset8, isEmpty);
       }
       print('delete and close\n');
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/example/integration_test/test_dht_short_array.dart b/packages/veilid_support/example/integration_test/test_dht_short_array.dart
index 637afe0..244b3d5 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/example/integration_test/test_dht_short_array.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/example/integration_test/test_dht_short_array.dart
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Future<void> Function() makeTestDHTShortArrayAdd({required int stride}) =>
         final res = await arr.operateWrite((w) async {
           for (var n = 4; n < 8; n++) {
             print('$n ');
-            final success = await w.tryAddItem(dataset[n]);
+            final success = await w.tryAdd(dataset[n]);
             expect(success, isTrue);
           }
         });
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ Future<void> Function() makeTestDHTShortArrayAdd({required int stride}) =>
       {
         final res = await arr.operateWrite((w) async {
           print('${dataset.length ~/ 2}-${dataset.length}');
-          final success = await w.tryAddItems(
-              dataset.sublist(dataset.length ~/ 2, dataset.length));
+          final success = await w
+              .tryAddAll(dataset.sublist(dataset.length ~/ 2, dataset.length));
           expect(success, isTrue);
         });
         expect(res, isNull);
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ Future<void> Function() makeTestDHTShortArrayAdd({required int stride}) =>
         final res = await arr.operateWrite((w) async {
           for (var n = 0; n < 4; n++) {
             print('$n ');
-            final success = await w.tryInsertItem(n, dataset[n]);
+            final success = await w.tryInsert(n, dataset[n]);
             expect(success, isTrue);
           }
         });
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ Future<void> Function() makeTestDHTShortArrayAdd({required int stride}) =>
       {
         final res = await arr.operateWrite((w) async {
           print('8-${dataset.length ~/ 2}');
-          final success = await w.tryInsertItems(
-              8, dataset.sublist(8, dataset.length ~/ 2));
+          final success =
+              await w.tryInsertAll(8, dataset.sublist(8, dataset.length ~/ 2));
           expect(success, isTrue);
         });
         expect(res, isNull);
@@ -107,12 +107,12 @@ Future<void> Function() makeTestDHTShortArrayAdd({required int stride}) =>
 
       //print('get all\n');
       {
-        final dataset2 = await arr.operate((r) async => r.getItemRange(0));
+        final dataset2 = await arr.operate((r) async => r.getRange(0));
         expect(dataset2, equals(dataset));
       }
       {
         final dataset3 =
-            await arr.operate((r) async => r.getItemRange(64, length: 128));
+            await arr.operate((r) async => r.getRange(64, length: 128));
         expect(dataset3, equals(dataset.sublist(64, 64 + 128)));
       }
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ Future<void> Function() makeTestDHTShortArrayAdd({required int stride}) =>
 
       //print('get all\n');
       {
-        final dataset4 = await arr.operate((r) async => r.getItemRange(0));
+        final dataset4 = await arr.operate((r) async => r.getRange(0));
         expect(dataset4, isEmpty);
       }
 
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/proto/dht.proto b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/proto/dht.proto
index 6796753..c27915c 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/proto/dht.proto
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/proto/dht.proto
@@ -62,13 +62,24 @@ message DHTShortArray {
     // calculated through iteration
 }
 
+// Reference to data on the DHT
+message DHTDataReference {
+    veilid.TypedKey dht_data = 1;
+    veilid.TypedKey hash = 2;
+}
+
+// Reference to data on the BlockStore
+message BlockStoreDataReference {
+    veilid.TypedKey block = 1;
+}
+
 // DataReference
 // Pointer to data somewhere in Veilid
 // Abstraction over DHTData and BlockStore
 message DataReference {
     oneof kind {
-        veilid.TypedKey dht_data = 1;
-        // TypedKey block = 2;
+        DHTDataReference dht_data = 1;
+        BlockStoreDataReference block_store_data = 2;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log.dart
index cba15f4..acdc6fe 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log.dart
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import 'package:meta/meta.dart';
 
 import '../../../veilid_support.dart';
 import '../../proto/proto.dart' as proto;
-import '../interfaces/dht_append.dart';
+import '../interfaces/dht_add.dart';
 
 part 'dht_log_spine.dart';
 part 'dht_log_read.dart';
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_cubit.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_cubit.dart
index 3c054fc..010c76e 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_cubit.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_cubit.dart
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class DHTLogCubit<T> extends Cubit<DHTLogBusyState<T>>
 
   Future<void> _refreshInner(void Function(AsyncValue<DHTLogStateData<T>>) emit,
       {bool forceRefresh = false}) async {
-    final avElements = await _loadElements(_tail, _count);
+    final avElements = await loadElements(_tail, _count);
     final err = avElements.asError;
     if (err != null) {
       emit(AsyncValue.error(err.error, err.stackTrace));
@@ -108,9 +108,10 @@ class DHTLogCubit<T> extends Cubit<DHTLogBusyState<T>>
         elements: elements, tail: _tail, count: _count, follow: _follow)));
   }
 
-  Future<AsyncValue<IList<DHTLogElementState<T>>>> _loadElements(
+  Future<AsyncValue<IList<DHTLogElementState<T>>>> loadElements(
       int tail, int count,
       {bool forceRefresh = false}) async {
+    await _initWait();
     try {
       final allItems = await _log.operate((reader) async {
         final length = reader.length;
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ class DHTLogCubit<T> extends Cubit<DHTLogBusyState<T>>
         final start = (count < end) ? end - count : 0;
 
         final offlinePositions = await reader.getOfflinePositions();
-        final allItems = (await reader.getItemRange(start,
+        final allItems = (await reader.getRange(start,
                 length: end - start, forceRefresh: forceRefresh))
             ?.indexed
             .map((x) => DHTLogElementState(
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_read.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_read.dart
index 0a66a01..7f397ac 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_read.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_read.dart
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class _DHTLogRead implements DHTLogReadOperations {
   int get length => _spine.length;
 
   @override
-  Future<Uint8List?> getItem(int pos, {bool forceRefresh = false}) async {
+  Future<Uint8List?> get(int pos, {bool forceRefresh = false}) async {
     if (pos < 0 || pos >= length) {
       throw IndexError.withLength(pos, length);
     }
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ class _DHTLogRead implements DHTLogReadOperations {
       return null;
     }
 
-    return lookup.scope((sa) => sa.operate(
-        (read) => read.getItem(lookup.pos, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)));
+    return lookup.scope((sa) =>
+        sa.operate((read) => read.get(lookup.pos, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)));
   }
 
   (int, int) _clampStartLen(int start, int? len) {
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ class _DHTLogRead implements DHTLogReadOperations {
   }
 
   @override
-  Future<List<Uint8List>?> getItemRange(int start,
+  Future<List<Uint8List>?> getRange(int start,
       {int? length, bool forceRefresh = false}) async {
     final out = <Uint8List>[];
     (start, length) = _clampStartLen(start, length);
 
     final chunks = Iterable<int>.generate(length).slices(maxDHTConcurrency).map(
-        (chunk) => chunk
-            .map((pos) => getItem(pos + start, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)));
+        (chunk) =>
+            chunk.map((pos) => get(pos + start, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)));
 
     for (final chunk in chunks) {
       final elems = await chunk.wait;
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_spine.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_spine.dart
index 9a8c64e..a47602a 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_spine.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_spine.dart
@@ -3,16 +3,15 @@ part of 'dht_log.dart';
 class _DHTLogPosition extends DHTCloseable<_DHTLogPosition, DHTShortArray> {
   _DHTLogPosition._({
     required _DHTLogSpine dhtLogSpine,
-    required DHTShortArray shortArray,
+    required this.shortArray,
     required this.pos,
     required int segmentNumber,
-  })  : _segmentShortArray = shortArray,
-        _dhtLogSpine = dhtLogSpine,
+  })  : _dhtLogSpine = dhtLogSpine,
         _segmentNumber = segmentNumber;
   final int pos;
 
   final _DHTLogSpine _dhtLogSpine;
-  final DHTShortArray _segmentShortArray;
+  final DHTShortArray shortArray;
   var _openCount = 1;
   final int _segmentNumber;
   final Mutex _mutex = Mutex();
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ class _DHTLogPosition extends DHTCloseable<_DHTLogPosition, DHTShortArray> {
 
   /// The type of the openable scope
   @override
-  FutureOr<DHTShortArray> scoped() => _segmentShortArray;
+  FutureOr<DHTShortArray> scoped() => shortArray;
 
   /// Add a reference to this log
   @override
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_write.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_write.dart
index 5503051..49acce0 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_write.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_log/dht_log_write.dart
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class _DHTLogWrite extends _DHTLogRead implements DHTLogWriteOperations {
     }
     final lookup = await _spine.lookupPosition(pos);
     if (lookup == null) {
-      throw StateError("can't write to dht log");
+      throw StateError("can't lookup position in write to dht log");
     }
 
     // Write item to the segment
@@ -26,7 +26,47 @@ class _DHTLogWrite extends _DHTLogRead implements DHTLogWriteOperations {
   }
 
   @override
-  Future<bool> tryAddItem(Uint8List value) async {
+  Future<void> swap(int aPos, int bPos) async {
+    if (aPos < 0 || aPos >= _spine.length) {
+      throw IndexError.withLength(aPos, _spine.length);
+    }
+    if (bPos < 0 || bPos >= _spine.length) {
+      throw IndexError.withLength(bPos, _spine.length);
+    }
+    final aLookup = await _spine.lookupPosition(aPos);
+    if (aLookup == null) {
+      throw StateError("can't lookup position a in swap of dht log");
+    }
+    final bLookup = await _spine.lookupPosition(bPos);
+    if (bLookup == null) {
+      throw StateError("can't lookup position b in swap of dht log");
+    }
+
+    // Swap items in the segments
+    if (aLookup.shortArray == bLookup.shortArray) {
+      await aLookup.scope((sa) => sa.operateWriteEventual((aWrite) async {
+            await aWrite.swap(aLookup.pos, bLookup.pos);
+            return true;
+          }));
+    } else {
+      final bItem = Output<Uint8List>();
+      await aLookup.scope(
+          (sa) => bLookup.scope((sb) => sa.operateWriteEventual((aWrite) async {
+                if (bItem.value == null) {
+                  final aItem = await aWrite.get(aLookup.pos);
+                  if (aItem == null) {
+                    throw StateError("can't get item for position a in swap");
+                  }
+                  await sb.operateWriteEventual((bWrite) async =>
+                      bWrite.tryWriteItem(bLookup.pos, aItem, output: bItem));
+                }
+                return aWrite.tryWriteItem(aLookup.pos, bItem.value!);
+              })));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<bool> tryAdd(Uint8List value) async {
     // Allocate empty index at the end of the list
     final insertPos = _spine.length;
     _spine.allocateTail(1);
@@ -44,12 +84,12 @@ class _DHTLogWrite extends _DHTLogRead implements DHTLogWriteOperations {
             // We should always be appending at the length
             throw StateError('appending should be at the end');
           }
-          return write.tryAddItem(value);
+          return write.tryAdd(value);
         }));
   }
 
   @override
-  Future<bool> tryAddItems(List<Uint8List> values) async {
+  Future<bool> tryAddAll(List<Uint8List> values) async {
     // Allocate empty index at the end of the list
     final insertPos = _spine.length;
     _spine.allocateTail(values.length);
@@ -79,7 +119,7 @@ class _DHTLogWrite extends _DHTLogRead implements DHTLogWriteOperations {
                 // We should always be appending at the length
                 throw StateError('appending should be at the end');
               }
-              return write.tryAddItems(sublistValues);
+              return write.tryAddAll(sublistValues);
             }));
         if (!ok) {
           success = false;
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_short_array/dht_short_array_cubit.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_short_array/dht_short_array_cubit.dart
index f4b806e..90fcbad 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_short_array/dht_short_array_cubit.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_short_array/dht_short_array_cubit.dart
@@ -54,13 +54,12 @@ class DHTShortArrayCubit<T> extends Cubit<DHTShortArrayBusyState<T>>
     try {
       final newState = await _shortArray.operate((reader) async {
         final offlinePositions = await reader.getOfflinePositions();
-        final allItems =
-            (await reader.getItemRange(0, forceRefresh: forceRefresh))
-                ?.indexed
-                .map((x) => DHTShortArrayElementState(
-                    value: _decodeElement(x.$2),
-                    isOffline: offlinePositions.contains(x.$1)))
-                .toIList();
+        final allItems = (await reader.getRange(0, forceRefresh: forceRefresh))
+            ?.indexed
+            .map((x) => DHTShortArrayElementState(
+                value: _decodeElement(x.$2),
+                isOffline: offlinePositions.contains(x.$1)))
+            .toIList();
         return allItems;
       });
       if (newState != null) {
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_short_array/dht_short_array_read.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_short_array/dht_short_array_read.dart
index 5da8cf8..abe7198 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_short_array/dht_short_array_read.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_short_array/dht_short_array_read.dart
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class _DHTShortArrayRead implements DHTShortArrayReadOperations {
   int get length => _head.length;
 
   @override
-  Future<Uint8List?> getItem(int pos, {bool forceRefresh = false}) async {
+  Future<Uint8List?> get(int pos, {bool forceRefresh = false}) async {
     if (pos < 0 || pos >= length) {
       throw IndexError.withLength(pos, length);
     }
@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ class _DHTShortArrayRead implements DHTShortArrayReadOperations {
   }
 
   @override
-  Future<List<Uint8List>?> getItemRange(int start,
+  Future<List<Uint8List>?> getRange(int start,
       {int? length, bool forceRefresh = false}) async {
     final out = <Uint8List>[];
     (start, length) = _clampStartLen(start, length);
 
     final chunks = Iterable<int>.generate(length).slices(maxDHTConcurrency).map(
-        (chunk) => chunk
-            .map((pos) => getItem(pos + start, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)));
+        (chunk) =>
+            chunk.map((pos) => get(pos + start, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)));
 
     for (final chunk in chunks) {
       final elems = await chunk.wait;
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_short_array/dht_short_array_write.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_short_array/dht_short_array_write.dart
index c336e47..d002e35 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_short_array/dht_short_array_write.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/dht_short_array/dht_short_array_write.dart
@@ -16,15 +16,14 @@ class _DHTShortArrayWrite extends _DHTShortArrayRead
   _DHTShortArrayWrite._(super.head) : super._();
 
   @override
-  Future<bool> tryAddItem(Uint8List value) =>
-      tryInsertItem(_head.length, value);
+  Future<bool> tryAdd(Uint8List value) => tryInsert(_head.length, value);
 
   @override
-  Future<bool> tryAddItems(List<Uint8List> values) =>
-      tryInsertItems(_head.length, values);
+  Future<bool> tryAddAll(List<Uint8List> values) =>
+      tryInsertAll(_head.length, values);
 
   @override
-  Future<bool> tryInsertItem(int pos, Uint8List value) async {
+  Future<bool> tryInsert(int pos, Uint8List value) async {
     if (pos < 0 || pos > _head.length) {
       throw IndexError.withLength(pos, _head.length);
     }
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ class _DHTShortArrayWrite extends _DHTShortArrayRead
   }
 
   @override
-  Future<bool> tryInsertItems(int pos, List<Uint8List> values) async {
+  Future<bool> tryInsertAll(int pos, List<Uint8List> values) async {
     if (pos < 0 || pos > _head.length) {
       throw IndexError.withLength(pos, _head.length);
     }
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ class _DHTShortArrayWrite extends _DHTShortArrayRead
   }
 
   @override
-  Future<void> swapItem(int aPos, int bPos) async {
+  Future<void> swap(int aPos, int bPos) async {
     if (aPos < 0 || aPos >= _head.length) {
       throw IndexError.withLength(aPos, _head.length);
     }
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ class _DHTShortArrayWrite extends _DHTShortArrayRead
   }
 
   @override
-  Future<void> removeItem(int pos, {Output<Uint8List>? output}) async {
+  Future<void> remove(int pos, {Output<Uint8List>? output}) async {
     if (pos < 0 || pos >= _head.length) {
       throw IndexError.withLength(pos, _head.length);
     }
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_append.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_add.dart
similarity index 80%
rename from packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_append.dart
rename to packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_add.dart
index a1f47ee..e2b5ad7 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_append.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_add.dart
@@ -12,30 +12,30 @@ abstract class DHTAdd {
   /// changed before the element could be added or a newer value was found on
   /// the network.
   /// Throws a StateError if the container exceeds its maximum size.
-  Future<bool> tryAddItem(Uint8List value);
+  Future<bool> tryAdd(Uint8List value);
 
   /// Try to add a list of items to the DHT container.
   /// Return true if the elements were successfully added, and false if the
   /// state changed before the element could be added or a newer value was found
   /// on the network.
   /// Throws a StateError if the container exceeds its maximum size.
-  Future<bool> tryAddItems(List<Uint8List> values);
+  Future<bool> tryAddAll(List<Uint8List> values);
 }
 
 extension DHTAddExt on DHTAdd {
   /// Convenience function:
   /// Like tryAddItem but also encodes the input value as JSON and parses the
   /// returned element as JSON
-  Future<bool> tryAppendItemJson<T>(
+  Future<bool> tryAddJson<T>(
     T newValue,
   ) =>
-      tryAddItem(jsonEncodeBytes(newValue));
+      tryAdd(jsonEncodeBytes(newValue));
 
   /// Convenience function:
   /// Like tryAddItem but also encodes the input value as a protobuf object
   /// and parses the returned element as a protobuf object
-  Future<bool> tryAddItemProtobuf<T extends GeneratedMessage>(
+  Future<bool> tryAddProtobuf<T extends GeneratedMessage>(
     T newValue,
   ) =>
-      tryAddItem(newValue.writeToBuffer());
+      tryAdd(newValue.writeToBuffer());
 }
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_insert_remove.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_insert_remove.dart
index 1f98a22..fe44368 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_insert_remove.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_insert_remove.dart
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ abstract class DHTInsertRemove {
   /// Throws an IndexError if the position removed exceeds the length of
   /// the container.
   /// Throws a StateError if the container exceeds its maximum size.
-  Future<bool> tryInsertItem(int pos, Uint8List value);
+  Future<bool> tryInsert(int pos, Uint8List value);
 
   /// Try to insert items at position 'pos' of the DHT container.
   /// Return true if the elements were successfully inserted, and false if the
@@ -23,38 +23,33 @@ abstract class DHTInsertRemove {
   /// Throws an IndexError if the position removed exceeds the length of
   /// the container.
   /// Throws a StateError if the container exceeds its maximum size.
-  Future<bool> tryInsertItems(int pos, List<Uint8List> values);
-
-  /// Swap items at position 'aPos' and 'bPos' in the DHTArray.
-  /// Throws an IndexError if either of the positions swapped exceeds the length
-  /// of the container
-  Future<void> swapItem(int aPos, int bPos);
+  Future<bool> tryInsertAll(int pos, List<Uint8List> values);
 
   /// Remove an item at position 'pos' in the DHT container.
   /// If the remove was successful this returns:
   ///   * outValue will return the prior contents of the element
   /// Throws an IndexError if the position removed exceeds the length of
   /// the container.
-  Future<void> removeItem(int pos, {Output<Uint8List>? output});
+  Future<void> remove(int pos, {Output<Uint8List>? output});
 }
 
 extension DHTInsertRemoveExt on DHTInsertRemove {
   /// Convenience function:
-  /// Like removeItem but also parses the returned element as JSON
-  Future<void> removeItemJson<T>(T Function(dynamic) fromJson, int pos,
+  /// Like remove but also parses the returned element as JSON
+  Future<void> removeJson<T>(T Function(dynamic) fromJson, int pos,
       {Output<T>? output}) async {
     final outValueBytes = output == null ? null : Output<Uint8List>();
-    await removeItem(pos, output: outValueBytes);
+    await remove(pos, output: outValueBytes);
     output.mapSave(outValueBytes, (b) => jsonDecodeBytes(fromJson, b));
   }
 
   /// Convenience function:
-  /// Like removeItem but also parses the returned element as JSON
-  Future<void> removeItemProtobuf<T extends GeneratedMessage>(
+  /// Like remove but also parses the returned element as JSON
+  Future<void> removeProtobuf<T extends GeneratedMessage>(
       T Function(List<int>) fromBuffer, int pos,
       {Output<T>? output}) async {
     final outValueBytes = output == null ? null : Output<Uint8List>();
-    await removeItem(pos, output: outValueBytes);
+    await remove(pos, output: outValueBytes);
     output.mapSave(outValueBytes, fromBuffer);
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_random_read.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_random_read.dart
index 39d49e6..362d688 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_random_read.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_random_read.dart
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ abstract class DHTRandomRead {
   /// rather than returning the existing locally stored copy of the elements.
   /// Throws an IndexError if the 'pos' is not within the length
   /// of the container.
-  Future<Uint8List?> getItem(int pos, {bool forceRefresh = false});
+  Future<Uint8List?> get(int pos, {bool forceRefresh = false});
 
   /// Return a list of a range of items in the DHTArray. If 'forceRefresh'
   /// is specified, the network will always be checked for newer values
   /// rather than returning the existing locally stored copy of the elements.
   /// Throws an IndexError if either 'start' or '(start+length)' is not within
   /// the length of the container.
-  Future<List<Uint8List>?> getItemRange(int start,
+  Future<List<Uint8List>?> getRange(int start,
       {int? length, bool forceRefresh = false});
 
   /// Get a list of the positions that were written offline and not flushed yet
@@ -31,32 +31,32 @@ abstract class DHTRandomRead {
 
 extension DHTRandomReadExt on DHTRandomRead {
   /// Convenience function:
-  /// Like getItem but also parses the returned element as JSON
-  Future<T?> getItemJson<T>(T Function(dynamic) fromJson, int pos,
+  /// Like get but also parses the returned element as JSON
+  Future<T?> getJson<T>(T Function(dynamic) fromJson, int pos,
           {bool forceRefresh = false}) =>
-      getItem(pos, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)
+      get(pos, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)
           .then((out) => jsonDecodeOptBytes(fromJson, out));
 
   /// Convenience function:
-  /// Like getAllItems but also parses the returned elements as JSON
-  Future<List<T>?> getItemRangeJson<T>(T Function(dynamic) fromJson, int start,
+  /// Like getRange but also parses the returned elements as JSON
+  Future<List<T>?> getRangeJson<T>(T Function(dynamic) fromJson, int start,
           {int? length, bool forceRefresh = false}) =>
-      getItemRange(start, length: length, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)
+      getRange(start, length: length, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)
           .then((out) => out?.map(fromJson).toList());
 
   /// Convenience function:
-  /// Like getItem but also parses the returned element as a protobuf object
-  Future<T?> getItemProtobuf<T extends GeneratedMessage>(
+  /// Like get but also parses the returned element as a protobuf object
+  Future<T?> getProtobuf<T extends GeneratedMessage>(
           T Function(List<int>) fromBuffer, int pos,
           {bool forceRefresh = false}) =>
-      getItem(pos, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)
+      get(pos, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)
           .then((out) => (out == null) ? null : fromBuffer(out));
 
   /// Convenience function:
-  /// Like getAllItems but also parses the returned elements as protobuf objects
-  Future<List<T>?> getItemRangeProtobuf<T extends GeneratedMessage>(
+  /// Like getRange but also parses the returned elements as protobuf objects
+  Future<List<T>?> getRangeProtobuf<T extends GeneratedMessage>(
           T Function(List<int>) fromBuffer, int start,
           {int? length, bool forceRefresh = false}) =>
-      getItemRange(start, length: length, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)
+      getRange(start, length: length, forceRefresh: forceRefresh)
           .then((out) => out?.map(fromBuffer).toList());
 }
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_random_write.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_random_write.dart
index 0d8f3ac..5b3f032 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_random_write.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/dht_random_write.dart
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ abstract class DHTRandomWrite {
   /// of the container.
   Future<bool> tryWriteItem(int pos, Uint8List newValue,
       {Output<Uint8List>? output});
+
+  /// Swap items at position 'aPos' and 'bPos' in the DHTArray.
+  /// Throws an IndexError if either of the positions swapped exceeds the length
+  /// of the container
+  Future<void> swap(int aPos, int bPos);
 }
 
 extension DHTRandomWriteExt on DHTRandomWrite {
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/interfaces.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/interfaces.dart
index dd95cac..57d0979 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/interfaces.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/dht_support/src/interfaces/interfaces.dart
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-export 'dht_append.dart';
+export 'dht_add.dart';
 export 'dht_clear.dart';
 export 'dht_closeable.dart';
 export 'dht_insert_remove.dart';
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/src/table_db_array.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/src/table_db_array.dart
index 9714770..4d5b9dd 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/src/table_db_array.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/src/table_db_array.dart
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import 'package:async_tools/async_tools.dart';
 import 'package:charcode/charcode.dart';
 import 'package:equatable/equatable.dart';
 import 'package:meta/meta.dart';
+import 'package:protobuf/protobuf.dart';
 
 import '../veilid_support.dart';
 
@@ -128,13 +129,13 @@ class TableDBArray {
     });
   }
 
-  Future<List<Uint8List>> getRange(int start, int end) async {
+  Future<List<Uint8List>> getRange(int start, [int? end]) async {
     await _initWait();
     return _mutex.protect(() async {
       if (!_open) {
         throw StateError('not open');
       }
-      return _getRangeInner(start, end);
+      return _getRangeInner(start, end ?? _length);
     });
   }
 
@@ -629,3 +630,36 @@ class TableDBArray {
   final StreamController<TableDBArrayUpdate> _changeStream =
       StreamController.broadcast();
 }
+
+extension TableDBArrayExt on TableDBArray {
+  /// Convenience function:
+  /// Like get but also parses the returned element as JSON
+  Future<T?> getJson<T>(
+    T Function(dynamic) fromJson,
+    int pos,
+  ) =>
+      get(
+        pos,
+      ).then((out) => jsonDecodeOptBytes(fromJson, out));
+
+  /// Convenience function:
+  /// Like getRange but also parses the returned elements as JSON
+  Future<List<T>?> getRangeJson<T>(T Function(dynamic) fromJson, int start,
+          [int? end]) =>
+      getRange(start, end ?? _length).then((out) => out.map(fromJson).toList());
+
+  /// Convenience function:
+  /// Like get but also parses the returned element as a protobuf object
+  Future<T?> getProtobuf<T extends GeneratedMessage>(
+    T Function(List<int>) fromBuffer,
+    int pos,
+  ) =>
+      get(pos).then(fromBuffer);
+
+  /// Convenience function:
+  /// Like getRange but also parses the returned elements as protobuf objects
+  Future<List<T>?> getRangeProtobuf<T extends GeneratedMessage>(
+          T Function(List<int>) fromBuffer, int start, [int? end]) =>
+      getRange(start, end ?? _length)
+          .then((out) => out.map(fromBuffer).toList());
+}
diff --git a/packages/veilid_support/lib/src/veilid_crypto.dart b/packages/veilid_support/lib/src/veilid_crypto.dart
index 75087fb..565459c 100644
--- a/packages/veilid_support/lib/src/veilid_crypto.dart
+++ b/packages/veilid_support/lib/src/veilid_crypto.dart
@@ -13,16 +13,16 @@ abstract class VeilidCrypto {
 class VeilidCryptoPrivate implements VeilidCrypto {
   VeilidCryptoPrivate._(VeilidCryptoSystem cryptoSystem, SharedSecret secretKey)
       : _cryptoSystem = cryptoSystem,
-        _secretKey = secretKey;
+        _secret = secretKey;
   final VeilidCryptoSystem _cryptoSystem;
-  final SharedSecret _secretKey;
+  final SharedSecret _secret;
 
   static Future<VeilidCryptoPrivate> fromTypedKey(
-      TypedKey typedKey, String domain) async {
-    final cryptoSystem = await Veilid.instance.getCryptoSystem(typedKey.kind);
-    final keyMaterial = Uint8List(0)
-      ..addAll(typedKey.value.decode())
-      ..addAll(utf8.encode(domain));
+      TypedKey typedSecret, String domain) async {
+    final cryptoSystem =
+        await Veilid.instance.getCryptoSystem(typedSecret.kind);
+    final keyMaterial = Uint8List.fromList(
+        [...typedSecret.value.decode(), ...utf8.encode(domain)]);
     final secretKey = await cryptoSystem.generateHash(keyMaterial);
     return VeilidCryptoPrivate._(cryptoSystem, secretKey);
   }
@@ -35,18 +35,18 @@ class VeilidCryptoPrivate implements VeilidCrypto {
   }
 
   static Future<VeilidCryptoPrivate> fromSharedSecret(
-      CryptoKind kind, SharedSecret secretKey) async {
+      CryptoKind kind, SharedSecret sharedSecret) async {
     final cryptoSystem = await Veilid.instance.getCryptoSystem(kind);
-    return VeilidCryptoPrivate._(cryptoSystem, secretKey);
+    return VeilidCryptoPrivate._(cryptoSystem, sharedSecret);
   }
 
   @override
   Future<Uint8List> encrypt(Uint8List data) =>
-      _cryptoSystem.encryptNoAuthWithNonce(data, _secretKey);
+      _cryptoSystem.encryptNoAuthWithNonce(data, _secret);
 
   @override
   Future<Uint8List> decrypt(Uint8List data) =>
-      _cryptoSystem.decryptNoAuthWithNonce(data, _secretKey);
+      _cryptoSystem.decryptNoAuthWithNonce(data, _secret);
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////