Merge branch 'tek/pythonification' into 'main'

Mold the new Python code into more idiomatic shape

See merge request veilid/veilid!26

veilid-python/tests/__init__.py

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Callable, Awaitable
-import os
-import pytest
-pytest_plugins = ('pytest_asyncio',)
-
-import veilid
-
-
-##################################################################
-VEILID_SERVER = os.getenv("VEILID_SERVER")
-if VEILID_SERVER is not None:
-    vsparts = VEILID_SERVER.split(":") 
-    VEILID_SERVER = vsparts[0]
-    if len(vsparts) == 2:
-        VEILID_SERVER_PORT = int(vsparts[1])
-    else:
-        VEILID_SERVER_PORT = 5959
-else:
-    VEILID_SERVER = "localhost"
-    VEILID_SERVER_PORT = 5959
-
-##################################################################
-
-async def simple_connect_and_run(func: Callable[[veilid.VeilidAPI], Awaitable]):
-    api = await veilid.json_api_connect(VEILID_SERVER, VEILID_SERVER_PORT, simple_update_callback)
-    async with api:
-        
-        # purge routes to ensure we start fresh
-        await api.debug("purge routes")
-        
-        await func(api)
-
-async def simple_update_callback(update: veilid.VeilidUpdate):
-    print("VeilidUpdate: {}".format(update))

veilid-python/tests/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import os
+from functools import cache
+from typing import AsyncGenerator
+
+import pytest_asyncio
+import veilid
+from veilid.json_api import _JsonVeilidAPI
+
+pytest_plugins = ("pytest_asyncio",)
+
+
+@cache
+def server_info() -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """Return the hostname and port of the test server."""
+    VEILID_SERVER = os.getenv("VEILID_SERVER")
+    if VEILID_SERVER is None:
+        return "localhost", 5959
+
+    hostname, *rest = VEILID_SERVER.split(":")
+    if rest:
+        return hostname, int(rest[0])
+    return hostname, 5959
+
+
+async def simple_update_callback(update: veilid.VeilidUpdate):
+    print(f"VeilidUpdate: {update}")
+
+
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture
+async def api_connection() -> AsyncGenerator[_JsonVeilidAPI, None]:
+    hostname, port = server_info()
+    api = await veilid.json_api_connect(hostname, port, simple_update_callback)
+    async with api:
+        # purge routes to ensure we start fresh
+        await api.debug("purge routes")
+
+        yield api

veilid-python/tests/test_basic.py

@@ -1,39 +1,44 @@
 # Basic veilid tests
 
-import veilid
+import socket
+
 import pytest
-from . import *
+import veilid
+
+from .conftest import simple_update_callback
 
-##################################################################
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_connect():
+async def test_connect(api_connection):
-    async def func(api: veilid.VeilidAPI):
     pass
-    await simple_connect_and_run(func)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_get_node_id():
+async def test_get_node_id(api_connection):
-    async def func(api: veilid.VeilidAPI):
+    state = await api_connection.get_state()
-        # get our own node id
+    node_ids = state.config.config.network.routing_table.node_id
-        state = await api.get_state()
+
-        node_id = state.config.config.network.routing_table.node_id.pop()
+    assert len(node_ids) >= 1
-    await simple_connect_and_run(func)
+
+    for node_id in node_ids:
+        assert node_id[4] == ":"
+
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_fail_connect():
-    with pytest.raises(Exception):
+    with pytest.raises(socket.gaierror) as exc:
-        api = await veilid.json_api_connect("fuahwelifuh32luhwafluehawea", 1, simple_update_callback)
+        await veilid.json_api_connect(
-        async with api:
+            "fuahwelifuh32luhwafluehawea", 1, simple_update_callback
-            pass
+        )
+
+    assert exc.value.errno == socket.EAI_NONAME
+
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_version():
+async def test_version(api_connection):
-    async def func(api: veilid.VeilidAPI):
+    v = await api_connection.veilid_version()
-        v = await api.veilid_version()
+    print(f"veilid_version: {v.__dict__}")
-        print("veilid_version: {}".format(v.__dict__))
+    assert v.__dict__.keys() >= {"_major", "_minor", "_patch"}
-        vstr = await api.veilid_version_string()
-        print("veilid_version_string: {}".format(vstr))
-    await simple_connect_and_run(func)
 
+    vstr = await api_connection.veilid_version_string()
+    print(f"veilid_version_string: {vstr}")

veilid-python/tests/test_crypto.py

@@ -1,42 +1,49 @@
 # Crypto veilid tests
 
-import veilid
 import pytest
-from . import *
+import veilid
+from veilid.api import CryptoSystem
 
-##################################################################
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_best_crypto_system():
+async def test_best_crypto_system(api_connection):
-    async def func(api: veilid.VeilidAPI):
+    bcs: CryptoSystem = await api_connection.best_crypto_system()
-        bcs = await api.best_crypto_system()
+
-    await simple_connect_and_run(func)
+    assert await bcs.default_salt_length() == 16
+
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_get_crypto_system():
+async def test_get_crypto_system(api_connection):
-    async def func(api: veilid.VeilidAPI):
+    cs: CryptoSystem = await api_connection.get_crypto_system(
-        cs = await api.get_crypto_system(veilid.CryptoKind.CRYPTO_KIND_VLD0)
+        veilid.CryptoKind.CRYPTO_KIND_VLD0
+    )
+
+    assert await cs.default_salt_length() == 16
+
     # clean up handle early
     del cs
-    await simple_connect_and_run(func)
+
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_get_crypto_system_invalid():
+async def test_get_crypto_system_invalid(api_connection):
-    async def func(api: veilid.VeilidAPI):
+    with pytest.raises(veilid.VeilidAPIErrorInvalidArgument) as exc:
-        with pytest.raises(veilid.VeilidAPIError):
+        await api_connection.get_crypto_system(veilid.CryptoKind.CRYPTO_KIND_NONE)
-            cs = await api.get_crypto_system(veilid.CryptoKind.CRYPTO_KIND_NONE)
+
-    await simple_connect_and_run(func)
+    assert exc.value.context == "unsupported cryptosystem"
+    assert exc.value.argument == "kind"
+    assert exc.value.value == "NONE"
+
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_hash_and_verify_password():
+async def test_hash_and_verify_password(api_connection):
-    async def func(api: veilid.VeilidAPI):
+    bcs = await api_connection.best_crypto_system()
-        bcs = await api.best_crypto_system()
     nonce = await bcs.random_nonce()
     salt = nonce.to_bytes()
+
     # Password match
     phash = await bcs.hash_password(b"abc123", salt)
     assert await bcs.verify_password(b"abc123", phash)
+
     # Password mismatch
     phash2 = await bcs.hash_password(b"abc1234", salt)
     assert not await bcs.verify_password(b"abc12345", phash)
-    await simple_connect_and_run(func)

veilid-python/tests/test_routing_context.py

@@ -1,34 +1,38 @@
 # Routing context veilid tests
 
-import veilid
-import pytest
 import asyncio
-import json
+
-from . import *
+import pytest
+import veilid
+from veilid.types import OperationId
+
+from .conftest import server_info
 
 ##################################################################
 
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_routing_contexts():
+async def test_routing_contexts(api_connection):
-    async def func(api: veilid.VeilidAPI):
+    rc = await api_connection.new_routing_context()
-        rc = await api.new_routing_context()
     rcp = await rc.with_privacy()
     rcps = await rcp.with_sequencing(veilid.Sequencing.ENSURE_ORDERED)
-        rcpsr = await rcps.with_custom_privacy(veilid.Stability.RELIABLE)
+    await rcps.with_custom_privacy(veilid.Stability.RELIABLE)
-    await simple_connect_and_run(func)
+
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_routing_context_app_message_loopback():
-
+    # Seriously, mypy?
-    app_message_queue = asyncio.Queue()
+    app_message_queue: asyncio.Queue = asyncio.Queue()
 
     async def app_message_queue_update_callback(update: veilid.VeilidUpdate):
         if update.kind == veilid.VeilidUpdateKind.APP_MESSAGE:
             await app_message_queue.put(update)
 
-    api = await veilid.json_api_connect(VEILID_SERVER, VEILID_SERVER_PORT, app_message_queue_update_callback)
+    hostname, port = server_info()
+    api = await veilid.json_api_connect(
+        hostname, port, app_message_queue_update_callback
+    )
     async with api:
-    
         # purge routes to ensure we start fresh
         await api.debug("purge routes")
 
@@ -46,23 +50,25 @@ async def test_routing_context_app_message_loopback():
         await rc.app_message(prr, message)
 
         # we should get the same message back
-        update: veilid.VeilidUpdate = await asyncio.wait_for(app_message_queue.get(), timeout=10)
+        update: veilid.VeilidUpdate = await asyncio.wait_for(
-        appmsg: veilid.VeilidAppMessage = update.detail
+            app_message_queue.get(), timeout=10
-        assert appmsg.message == message
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(update.detail, veilid.VeilidAppMessage)
+        assert update.detail.message == message
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_routing_context_app_call_loopback():
-
+    app_call_queue: asyncio.Queue = asyncio.Queue()
-    app_call_queue = asyncio.Queue()
 
     async def app_call_queue_update_callback(update: veilid.VeilidUpdate):
         if update.kind == veilid.VeilidUpdateKind.APP_CALL:
             await app_call_queue.put(update)
 
-    api = await veilid.json_api_connect(VEILID_SERVER, VEILID_SERVER_PORT, app_call_queue_update_callback)
+    hostname, port = server_info()
+    api = await veilid.json_api_connect(hostname, port, app_call_queue_update_callback)
     async with api:
-    
         # purge routes to ensure we start fresh
         await api.debug("purge routes")
 
@@ -77,16 +83,27 @@ async def test_routing_context_app_call_loopback():
 
         # send an app message to our own private route
         request = b"abcd1234"
-        app_call_task = asyncio.create_task(rc.app_call(prr, request), name = "app call task")
+        app_call_task = asyncio.create_task(
+            rc.app_call(prr, request), name="app call task"
+        )
 
         # we should get the same request back
-        update: veilid.VeilidUpdate = await asyncio.wait_for(app_call_queue.get(), timeout=10)
+        update: veilid.VeilidUpdate = await asyncio.wait_for(
-        appcall: veilid.VeilidAppCall = update.detail
+            app_call_queue.get(), timeout=10
+        )
+        appcall = update.detail
+
+        assert isinstance(appcall, veilid.VeilidAppCall)
         assert appcall.message == request
 
         # now we reply to the request
         reply = b"qwer5678"
-        await api.app_call_reply(appcall.call_id, reply)
+        # TK: OperationId use to be a subclass of `int`. When I wrapped `appcall.call_id` in int(),
+        # this failed JSON schema validation, which defines `call_id` as a string. Maybe that was a
+        # typo, and OperationId is really *supposed* to be a str? Alternatively, perhaps the
+        # signature of `app_call_reply` is wrong and it's supposed to take a type other than
+        # OperationId?
+        await api.app_call_reply(OperationId(appcall.call_id), reply)
 
         # now we should get the reply from the call
         result = await app_call_task

veilid-python/veilid/__init__.py

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ from .api import *
 from .config import *
 from .error import *
 from .json_api import *
-from .error import *
+from .state import *
 from .types import *

veilid-python/veilid/api.py

@@ -1,50 +1,81 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Self
+from typing import Optional, Self
+
+from . import types
+from .state import VeilidState
 
-from .state import *
-from .config import *
-from .error import *
-from .types import *
 
 class RoutingContext(ABC):
     @abstractmethod
     async def with_privacy(self) -> Self:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def with_custom_privacy(self, stability: Stability) -> Self:
+    async def with_custom_privacy(self, stability: types.Stability) -> Self:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def with_sequencing(self, sequencing: Sequencing) -> Self:
+    async def with_sequencing(self, sequencing: types.Sequencing) -> Self:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def app_call(self, target: TypedKey | RouteId, request: bytes) -> bytes:
+    async def app_call(
+        self, target: types.TypedKey | types.RouteId, request: bytes
+    ) -> bytes:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def app_message(self, target: TypedKey | RouteId, message: bytes):
+    async def app_message(self, target: types.TypedKey | types.RouteId, message: bytes):
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def create_dht_record(self, kind: CryptoKind, schema: DHTSchema) -> DHTRecordDescriptor:
+    async def create_dht_record(
+        self, kind: types.CryptoKind, schema: types.DHTSchema
+    ) -> types.DHTRecordDescriptor:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def open_dht_record(self, key: TypedKey, writer: Optional[KeyPair]) -> DHTRecordDescriptor:
+    async def open_dht_record(
+        self, key: types.TypedKey, writer: Optional[types.KeyPair]
+    ) -> types.DHTRecordDescriptor:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def close_dht_record(self, key: TypedKey):
+    async def close_dht_record(self, key: types.TypedKey):
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def delete_dht_record(self, key: TypedKey):
+    async def delete_dht_record(self, key: types.TypedKey):
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def get_dht_value(self, key: TypedKey, subkey: ValueSubkey, force_refresh: bool) -> Optional[ValueData]:
+    async def get_dht_value(
+        self, key: types.TypedKey, subkey: types.ValueSubkey, force_refresh: bool
+    ) -> Optional[types.ValueData]:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def set_dht_value(self, key: TypedKey, subkey: ValueSubkey, data: bytes) -> Optional[ValueData]:
+    async def set_dht_value(
+        self, key: types.TypedKey, subkey: types.ValueSubkey, data: bytes
+    ) -> Optional[types.ValueData]:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def watch_dht_values(self, key: TypedKey, subkeys: list[(ValueSubkey, ValueSubkey)], expiration: Timestamp, count: int) -> Timestamp:
+    async def watch_dht_values(
+        self,
+        key: types.TypedKey,
+        subkeys: list[tuple[types.ValueSubkey, types.ValueSubkey]],
+        expiration: types.Timestamp,
+        count: int,
+    ) -> types.Timestamp:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def cancel_dht_watch(self, key: TypedKey, subkeys: list[(ValueSubkey, ValueSubkey)]) -> bool:
+    async def cancel_dht_watch(
+        self,
+        key: types.TypedKey,
+        subkeys: list[tuple[types.ValueSubkey, types.ValueSubkey]],
+    ) -> bool:
         pass
 
 
@@ -52,96 +83,153 @@ class TableDbTransaction(ABC):
     @abstractmethod
     async def commit(self):
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def rollback(self):
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def store(self, col: int, key: bytes, value: bytes):
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def delete(self, col: int, key: bytes):
         pass
 
+
 class TableDb(ABC):
     @abstractmethod
     async def get_column_count(self) -> int:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def get_keys(self, col: int) -> list[bytes]:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def transact(self) -> TableDbTransaction:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def store(self, col: int, key: bytes, value: bytes):
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def load(self, col: int, key: bytes) -> Optional[bytes]:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def delete(self, col: int, key: bytes) -> Optional[bytes]:
         pass
 
+
 class CryptoSystem(ABC):
     @abstractmethod
-    async def cached_dh(self, key: PublicKey, secret: SecretKey) -> SharedSecret:
+    async def cached_dh(
+        self, key: types.PublicKey, secret: types.SecretKey
+    ) -> types.SharedSecret:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def compute_dh(self, key: PublicKey, secret: SecretKey) -> SharedSecret:
+    async def compute_dh(
+        self, key: types.PublicKey, secret: types.SecretKey
+    ) -> types.SharedSecret:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def random_bytes(self, len: int) -> bytes:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def default_salt_length(self) -> int:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def hash_password(self, password: bytes, salt: bytes) -> str:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def verify_password(self, password: bytes, password_hash: str) -> bool:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def derive_shared_secret(self, password: bytes, salt: bytes) -> SharedSecret:
+    async def derive_shared_secret(
+        self, password: bytes, salt: bytes
+    ) -> types.SharedSecret:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def random_nonce(self) -> Nonce:
+    async def random_nonce(self) -> types.Nonce:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def random_shared_secret(self) -> SharedSecret:
+    async def random_shared_secret(self) -> types.SharedSecret:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def generate_key_pair(self) -> KeyPair:
+    async def generate_key_pair(self) -> types.KeyPair:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def generate_hash(self, data: bytes) -> HashDigest:
+    async def generate_hash(self, data: bytes) -> types.HashDigest:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def validate_key_pair(self, key: PublicKey, secret: SecretKey) -> bool:
+    async def validate_key_pair(
+        self, key: types.PublicKey, secret: types.SecretKey
+    ) -> bool:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def validate_hash(self, data: bytes, hash_digest: HashDigest) -> bool:
+    async def validate_hash(self, data: bytes, hash_digest: types.HashDigest) -> bool:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def distance(self, key1: CryptoKey, key2: CryptoKey) -> CryptoKeyDistance:
+    async def distance(
+        self, key1: types.CryptoKey, key2: types.CryptoKey
+    ) -> types.CryptoKeyDistance:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def sign(self, key: PublicKey, secret: SecretKey, data: bytes) -> Signature:
+    async def sign(
+        self, key: types.PublicKey, secret: types.SecretKey, data: bytes
+    ) -> types.Signature:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def verify(self, key: PublicKey, data: bytes, signature: Signature):
+    async def verify(
+        self, key: types.PublicKey, data: bytes, signature: types.Signature
+    ):
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def aead_overhead(self) -> int:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def decrypt_aead(self, body: bytes, nonce: Nonce, shared_secret: SharedSecret, associated_data: Optional[bytes]) -> bytes:
+    async def decrypt_aead(
+        self,
+        body: bytes,
+        nonce: types.Nonce,
+        shared_secret: types.SharedSecret,
+        associated_data: Optional[bytes],
+    ) -> bytes:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def encrypt_aead(self, body: bytes, nonce: Nonce, shared_secret: SharedSecret, associated_data: Optional[bytes]) -> bytes:
+    async def encrypt_aead(
+        self,
+        body: bytes,
+        nonce: types.Nonce,
+        shared_secret: types.SharedSecret,
+        associated_data: Optional[bytes],
+    ) -> bytes:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def crypt_no_auth(self, body: bytes, nonce: Nonce, shared_secret: SharedSecret) -> bytes:
+    async def crypt_no_auth(
+        self, body: bytes, nonce: types.Nonce, shared_secret: types.SharedSecret
+    ) -> bytes:
         pass
 
 
@@ -149,63 +237,95 @@ class VeilidAPI(ABC):
     @abstractmethod
     async def control(self, args: list[str]) -> str:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def get_state(self) -> VeilidState:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def attach(self):
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def detach(self):
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def new_private_route(self) -> Tuple[RouteId, bytes]:
+    async def new_private_route(self) -> tuple[types.RouteId, bytes]:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def new_custom_private_route(self, kinds: list[CryptoKind], stability: Stability, sequencing: Sequencing) -> Tuple[RouteId, bytes]:
+    async def new_custom_private_route(
+        self,
+        kinds: list[types.CryptoKind],
+        stability: types.Stability,
+        sequencing: types.Sequencing,
+    ) -> tuple[types.RouteId, bytes]:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def import_remote_private_route(self, blob: bytes) -> RouteId:
+    async def import_remote_private_route(self, blob: bytes) -> types.RouteId:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def release_private_route(self, route_id: RouteId):
+    async def release_private_route(self, route_id: types.RouteId):
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def app_call_reply(self, call_id: OperationId, message: bytes):
+    async def app_call_reply(self, call_id: types.OperationId, message: bytes):
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def new_routing_context(self) -> RoutingContext:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def open_table_db(self, name: str, column_count: int) -> TableDb:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def delete_table_db(self, name: str):
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def get_crypto_system(self, kind: CryptoKind) -> CryptoSystem:
+    async def get_crypto_system(self, kind: types.CryptoKind) -> CryptoSystem:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def best_crypto_system(self) -> CryptoSystem:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def verify_signatures(self, node_ids: list[TypedKey], data: bytes, signatures: list[TypedSignature]) -> list[TypedKey]:
+    async def verify_signatures(
+        self,
+        node_ids: list[types.TypedKey],
+        data: bytes,
+        signatures: list[types.TypedSignature],
+    ) -> list[types.TypedKey]:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def generate_signatures(self, data: bytes, key_pairs: list[TypedKeyPair]) -> list[TypedSignature]:
+    async def generate_signatures(
+        self, data: bytes, key_pairs: list[types.TypedKeyPair]
+    ) -> list[types.TypedSignature]:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def generate_key_pair(self, kind: CryptoKind) -> list[TypedKeyPair]:
+    async def generate_key_pair(self, kind: types.CryptoKind) -> list[types.TypedKeyPair]:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def now(self) -> Timestamp:
+    async def now(self) -> types.Timestamp:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def debug(self, command: str) -> str:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def veilid_version_string(self) -> str:
         pass
+
     @abstractmethod
-    async def veilid_version(self) -> VeilidVersion:
+    async def veilid_version(self) -> types.VeilidVersion:
         pass

veilid-python/veilid/config.py

@@ -1,18 +1,46 @@
-from typing import Self, Optional
+from dataclasses import dataclass, fields
 from enum import StrEnum
-from json import dumps
+from typing import Optional, Self
+
+from .types import TypedKey, TypedSecret
 
-from .types import *
 
 class VeilidConfigLogLevel(StrEnum):
-    OFF = 'Off'
+    OFF = "Off"
-    ERROR = 'Error'
+    ERROR = "Error"
-    WARN = 'Warn'
+    WARN = "Warn"
-    INFO = 'Info'
+    INFO = "Info"
-    DEBUG = 'Debug'
+    DEBUG = "Debug"
-    TRACE = 'Trace'
+    TRACE = "Trace"
 
-class VeilidConfigCapabilities:
+
+@dataclass
+class ConfigBase:
+    @classmethod
+    def from_json(cls, json_data: dict) -> Self:
+        """Return an instance of this type from the input data."""
+        args = {}
+        for field in fields(cls):
+            key = field.name
+            value = json_data[key]
+            try:
+                # See if this field's type knows how to load itself from JSON input.
+                loader = field.type.from_json
+            except AttributeError:
+                # No, it doesn't. Use the raw value.
+                args[key] = value
+            else:
+                # Yes, it does. Use the loading function's output.
+                args[key] = loader(value)
+
+        return cls(**args)
+
+    def to_json(self) -> dict:
+        return self.__dict__
+
+
+@dataclass
+class VeilidConfigCapabilities(ConfigBase):
     protocol_udp: bool
     protocol_connect_tcp: bool
     protocol_accept_tcp: bool
@@ -21,30 +49,9 @@ class VeilidConfigCapabilities:
     protocol_connect_wss: bool
     protocol_accept_wss: bool
 
-    def __init__(self, protocol_udp: bool, protocol_connect_tcp: bool, protocol_accept_tcp: bool,
-        protocol_connect_ws: bool, protocol_accept_ws: bool, protocol_connect_wss: bool, protocol_accept_wss: bool):
 
-        self.protocol_udp = protocol_udp
+@dataclass
-        self.protocol_connect_tcp = protocol_connect_tcp
+class VeilidConfigProtectedStore(ConfigBase):
-        self.protocol_accept_tcp = protocol_accept_tcp
-        self.protocol_connect_ws = protocol_connect_ws
-        self.protocol_accept_ws = protocol_accept_ws
-        self.protocol_connect_wss = protocol_connect_wss
-        self.protocol_accept_wss = protocol_accept_wss
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
-        return VeilidConfigCapabilities(j['protocol_udp'],
-            j['protocol_connect_tcp'],
-            j['protocol_accept_tcp'],
-            j['protocol_connect_ws'],
-            j['protocol_accept_ws'],
-            j['protocol_connect_wss'],
-            j['protocol_accept_wss'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfigProtectedStore:
     allow_insecure_fallback: bool
     always_use_insecure_storage: bool
     directory: str
@@ -52,52 +59,21 @@ class VeilidConfigProtectedStore:
     device_encryption_key_password: str
     new_device_encryption_key_password: Optional[str]
 
-    def __init__(self, allow_insecure_fallback: bool, always_use_insecure_storage: bool,
-        directory: str, delete: bool, device_encryption_key_password: str, new_device_encryption_key_password: Optional[str]):
 
-        self.allow_insecure_fallback = allow_insecure_fallback
+@dataclass
-        self.always_use_insecure_storage = always_use_insecure_storage
+class VeilidConfigTableStore(ConfigBase):
-        self.directory = directory
-        self.delete = delete
-        self.device_encryption_key_password = device_encryption_key_password
-        self.new_device_encryption_key_password = new_device_encryption_key_password
-    
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
-        return VeilidConfigProtectedStore(j['allow_insecure_fallback'], j['always_use_insecure_storage'],
-            j['directory'], j['delete'], j['device_encryption_key_password'], j['new_device_encryption_key_password'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfigTableStore:
     directory: str
     delete: bool
 
-    def __init__(self, directory: str, delete: bool):
-        self.directory = directory
-        self.delete = delete
 
-    @staticmethod
+@dataclass
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+class VeilidConfigBlockStore(ConfigBase):
-        return VeilidConfigTableStore(j['directory'], j['delete'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfigBlockStore:
     directory: str
     delete: bool
 
-    def __init__(self, directory: str, delete: bool):
-        self.directory = directory
-        self.delete = delete
 
-    @staticmethod
+@dataclass
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+class VeilidConfigRoutingTable(ConfigBase):
-        return VeilidConfigBlockStore(j['directory'], j['delete'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfigRoutingTable:
     node_id: list[TypedKey]
     node_id_secret: list[TypedSecret]
     bootstrap: list[str]
@@ -107,34 +83,9 @@ class VeilidConfigRoutingTable:
     limit_attached_good: int
     limit_attached_weak: int
 
-    def __init__(self, node_id: list[TypedKey], node_id_secret: list[TypedSecret], bootstrap: list[str], limit_over_attached: int,
-        limit_fully_attached: int, limit_attached_strong: int, limit_attached_good: int, limit_attached_weak: int):
 
-        self.node_id = node_id
+@dataclass
-        self.node_id_secret = node_id_secret
+class VeilidConfigRPC(ConfigBase):
-        self.bootstrap = bootstrap
-        self.limit_over_attached = limit_over_attached
-        self.limit_fully_attached = limit_fully_attached
-        self.limit_attached_strong = limit_attached_strong
-        self.limit_attached_good = limit_attached_good
-        self.limit_attached_weak = limit_attached_weak
-    
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
-        return VeilidConfigRoutingTable(
-            list(map(lambda x: TypedKey(x), j['node_id'])), 
-            list(map(lambda x: TypedSecret(x), j['node_id_secret'])),
-            j['bootstrap'],
-            j['limit_over_attached'],
-            j['limit_fully_attached'],
-            j['limit_attached_strong'],
-            j['limit_attached_good'],
-            j['limit_attached_weak'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-
-class VeilidConfigRPC:
     concurrency: int
     queue_size: int
     max_timestamp_behind_ms: Optional[int]
@@ -143,31 +94,9 @@ class VeilidConfigRPC:
     max_route_hop_count: int
     default_route_hop_count: int
 
-    def __init__(self, concurrency: int, queue_size: int, max_timestamp_behind_ms: Optional[int], max_timestamp_ahead_ms: Optional[int],
-        timeout_ms: int, max_route_hop_count: int, default_route_hop_count: int):
 
-        self.concurrency = concurrency
+@dataclass
-        self.queue_size = queue_size
+class VeilidConfigDHT(ConfigBase):
-        self.max_timestamp_behind_ms = max_timestamp_behind_ms
-        self.max_timestamp_ahead_ms = max_timestamp_ahead_ms
-        self.timeout_ms = timeout_ms
-        self.max_route_hop_count = max_route_hop_count
-        self.default_route_hop_count = default_route_hop_count
-    
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
-        return VeilidConfigRPC(
-            j['concurrency'],
-            j['queue_size'],
-            j['max_timestamp_behind_ms'],
-            j['max_timestamp_ahead_ms'],
-            j['timeout_ms'],
-            j['max_route_hop_count'],
-            j['default_route_hop_count'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfigDHT:
     max_find_node_count: int
     resolve_node_timeout_ms: int
     resolve_node_count: int
@@ -188,186 +117,55 @@ class VeilidConfigDHT:
     remote_max_subkey_cache_memory_mb: int
     remote_max_storage_space_mb: int
 
-    def __init__(self,  max_find_node_count: int, resolve_node_timeout_ms: int, resolve_node_count: int,
-        resolve_node_fanout: int, get_value_timeout_ms: int, get_value_count: int, get_value_fanout: int,
-        set_value_timeout_ms: int, set_value_count: int, set_value_fanout: int,
-        min_peer_count: int, min_peer_refresh_time_ms: int, validate_dial_info_receipt_time_ms: int,
-        local_subkey_cache_size: int, local_max_subkey_cache_memory_mb: int,
-        remote_subkey_cache_size: int, remote_max_records: int, remote_max_subkey_cache_memory_mb: int, remote_max_storage_space_mb: int):
 
-        self.max_find_node_count = max_find_node_count
+@dataclass
-        self.resolve_node_timeout_ms =resolve_node_timeout_ms
+class VeilidConfigTLS(ConfigBase):
-        self.resolve_node_count = resolve_node_count
-        self.resolve_node_fanout = resolve_node_fanout
-        self.get_value_timeout_ms = get_value_timeout_ms
-        self.get_value_count = get_value_count
-        self.get_value_fanout = get_value_fanout
-        self.set_value_timeout_ms = set_value_timeout_ms
-        self.set_value_count = set_value_count
-        self.set_value_fanout = set_value_fanout
-        self.min_peer_count = min_peer_count
-        self.min_peer_refresh_time_ms = min_peer_refresh_time_ms
-        self.validate_dial_info_receipt_time_ms = validate_dial_info_receipt_time_ms
-        self.local_subkey_cache_size = local_subkey_cache_size
-        self.local_max_subkey_cache_memory_mb = local_max_subkey_cache_memory_mb
-        self.remote_subkey_cache_size = remote_subkey_cache_size
-        self.remote_max_records = remote_max_records
-        self.remote_max_subkey_cache_memory_mb = remote_max_subkey_cache_memory_mb
-        self.remote_max_storage_space_mb = remote_max_storage_space_mb
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
-        return VeilidConfigDHT(
-            j['max_find_node_count'],
-            j['resolve_node_timeout_ms'],
-            j['resolve_node_count'],
-            j['resolve_node_fanout'],
-            j['get_value_timeout_ms'],
-            j['get_value_count'],
-            j['get_value_fanout'],
-            j['set_value_timeout_ms'],
-            j['set_value_count'],
-            j['set_value_fanout'],
-            j['min_peer_count'],
-            j['min_peer_refresh_time_ms'],
-            j['validate_dial_info_receipt_time_ms'],
-            j['local_subkey_cache_size'],
-            j['local_max_subkey_cache_memory_mb'],
-            j['remote_subkey_cache_size'],
-            j['remote_max_records'],
-            j['remote_max_subkey_cache_memory_mb'],
-            j['remote_max_storage_space_mb'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfigTLS:
     certificate_path: str
     private_key_path: str
     connection_initial_timeout_ms: int
 
-    def __init__(self, certificate_path: str, private_key_path: str, connection_initial_timeout_ms: int):
-        self.certificate_path = certificate_path
-        self.private_key_path = private_key_path
-        self.connection_initial_timeout_ms = connection_initial_timeout_ms
 
-    @staticmethod
+@dataclass
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+class VeilidConfigHTTPS(ConfigBase):
-        return VeilidConfigTLS(
-            j['certificate_path'],
-            j['private_key_path'],
-            j['connection_initial_timeout_ms'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfigHTTPS:
     enabled: bool
     listen_address: str
     path: str
     url: Optional[str]
 
-    def __init__(self, enabled: bool, listen_address: str, path: str, url: Optional[str]):
-        self.enabled = enabled
-        self.listen_address = listen_address
-        self.path = path
-        self.url = url
 
-    @staticmethod
+@dataclass
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+class VeilidConfigHTTP(ConfigBase):
-        return VeilidConfigHTTPS(
-            j['enabled'],
-            j['listen_address'],
-            j['path'],
-            j['url'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfigHTTP:
     enabled: bool
     listen_address: str
     path: str
     url: Optional[str]
 
-    def __init__(self, enabled: bool, listen_address: str, path: str, url: Optional[str]):
-        self.enabled = enabled
-        self.listen_address = listen_address
-        self.path = path
-        self.url = url
 
-    @staticmethod
+@dataclass
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+class VeilidConfigApplication(ConfigBase):
-        return VeilidConfigHTTP(
-            j['enabled'],
-            j['listen_address'],
-            j['path'],
-            j['url'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfigApplication:
     https: VeilidConfigHTTPS
     http: VeilidConfigHTTP
 
-    def __init__(self, https: VeilidConfigHTTPS, http: VeilidConfigHTTP):
-        self.https = https
-        self.http = http
 
-    @staticmethod
+@dataclass
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+class VeilidConfigUDP(ConfigBase):
-        return VeilidConfigApplication(
-            VeilidConfigHTTPS.from_json(j['https']),
-            VeilidConfigHTTP.from_json(j['http']))
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-
-class VeilidConfigUDP:
     enabled: bool
     socket_pool_size: int
     listen_address: str
     public_address: Optional[str]
 
-    def __init__(self, enabled: bool, socket_pool_size: int, listen_address: str, public_address: Optional[str]):
-        self.enabled = enabled
-        self.socket_pool_size = socket_pool_size
-        self.listen_address = listen_address
-        self.public_address = public_address
 
-    @staticmethod
+@dataclass
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+class VeilidConfigTCP(ConfigBase):
-        return VeilidConfigUDP(
-            j['enabled'], 
-            j['socket_pool_size'], 
-            j['listen_address'], 
-            j['public_address'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfigTCP:
     connect: bool
     listen: bool
     max_connections: int
     listen_address: str
     public_address: Optional[str]
 
-    def __init__(self, connect: bool, listen: bool, max_connections: int, listen_address: str, public_address: Optional[str]):
-        self.connect = connect
-        self.listen = listen
-        self.max_connections = max_connections
-        self.listen_address = listen_address
-        self.public_address = public_address
 
-    @staticmethod
+@dataclass
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+class VeilidConfigWS(ConfigBase):
-        return VeilidConfigTCP(
-            j['connect'], 
-            j['listen'], 
-            j['max_connections'], 
-            j['listen_address'], 
-            j['public_address'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfigWS:
     connect: bool
     listen: bool
     max_connections: int
@@ -375,27 +173,9 @@ class VeilidConfigWS:
     path: str
     url: Optional[str]
 
-    def __init__(self, connect: bool, listen: bool, max_connections: int, listen_address: str, path: str, url: Optional[str]):
-        self.connect = connect
-        self.listen = listen
-        self.max_connections = max_connections
-        self.listen_address = listen_address
-        self.path = path
-        self.url = url
 
-    @staticmethod
+@dataclass
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+class VeilidConfigWSS(ConfigBase):
-        return VeilidConfigWS(
-            j['connect'], 
-            j['listen'], 
-            j['max_connections'], 
-            j['listen_address'], 
-            j['path'],
-            j['url'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfigWSS:
     connect: bool
     listen: bool
     max_connections: int
@@ -403,50 +183,17 @@ class VeilidConfigWSS:
     path: str
     url: Optional[str]
 
-    def __init__(self, connect: bool, listen: bool, max_connections: int, listen_address: str, path: str, url: Optional[str]):
-        self.connect = connect
-        self.listen = listen
-        self.max_connections = max_connections
-        self.listen_address = listen_address
-        self.path = path
-        self.url = url
 
-    @staticmethod
+@dataclass
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+class VeilidConfigProtocol(ConfigBase):
-        return VeilidConfigWSS(
-            j['connect'], 
-            j['listen'], 
-            j['max_connections'], 
-            j['listen_address'], 
-            j['path'],
-            j['url'])
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfigProtocol:
     udp: VeilidConfigUDP
     tcp: VeilidConfigTCP
     ws: VeilidConfigWS
     wss: VeilidConfigWSS
 
-    def __init__(self, udp: VeilidConfigUDP, tcp: VeilidConfigTCP, ws: VeilidConfigWS, wss: VeilidConfigWSS):
-        self.udp = udp
-        self.tcp = tcp
-        self.ws = ws
-        self.wss = wss
 
-    @staticmethod
+@dataclass
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+class VeilidConfigNetwork(ConfigBase):
-        return VeilidConfigProtocol(
-            VeilidConfigUDP.from_json(j['udp']),
-            VeilidConfigTCP.from_json(j['tcp']),
-            VeilidConfigWS.from_json(j['ws']),
-            VeilidConfigWSS.from_json(j['wss']))
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-
-class VeilidConfigNetwork:
     connection_initial_timeout_ms: int
     connection_inactivity_timeout_ms: int
     max_connections_per_ip4: int
@@ -466,58 +213,9 @@ class VeilidConfigNetwork:
     application: VeilidConfigApplication
     protocol: VeilidConfigProtocol
 
-    def __init__(self, connection_initial_timeout_ms: int, connection_inactivity_timeout_ms: int,
-        max_connections_per_ip4: int, max_connections_per_ip6_prefix: int,
-        max_connections_per_ip6_prefix_size: int, max_connection_frequency_per_min: int,
-        client_whitelist_timeout_ms: int, reverse_connection_receipt_time_ms: int,
-        hole_punch_receipt_time_ms: int, routing_table: VeilidConfigRoutingTable,
-        rpc: VeilidConfigRPC, dht: VeilidConfigDHT, upnp: bool, detect_address_changes: bool,
-        restricted_nat_retries: int, tls: VeilidConfigTLS, application: VeilidConfigApplication, protocol: VeilidConfigProtocol):
 
-        self.connection_initial_timeout_ms = connection_initial_timeout_ms
+@dataclass
-        self.connection_inactivity_timeout_ms = connection_inactivity_timeout_ms
+class VeilidConfig(ConfigBase):
-        self.max_connections_per_ip4 = max_connections_per_ip4
-        self.max_connections_per_ip6_prefix = max_connections_per_ip6_prefix
-        self.max_connections_per_ip6_prefix_size = max_connections_per_ip6_prefix_size
-        self.max_connection_frequency_per_min = max_connection_frequency_per_min
-        self.client_whitelist_timeout_ms = client_whitelist_timeout_ms
-        self.reverse_connection_receipt_time_ms = reverse_connection_receipt_time_ms
-        self.hole_punch_receipt_time_ms = hole_punch_receipt_time_ms
-        self.routing_table = routing_table
-        self.rpc = rpc
-        self.dht = dht
-        self.upnp = upnp
-        self.detect_address_changes = detect_address_changes
-        self.restricted_nat_retries = restricted_nat_retries
-        self.tls = tls
-        self.application = application
-        self.protocol = protocol
-    
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
-        return VeilidConfigNetwork(
-            j['connection_initial_timeout_ms'],
-            j['connection_inactivity_timeout_ms'],
-            j['max_connections_per_ip4'],
-            j['max_connections_per_ip6_prefix'],
-            j['max_connections_per_ip6_prefix_size'],
-            j['max_connection_frequency_per_min'],
-            j['client_whitelist_timeout_ms'],
-            j['reverse_connection_receipt_time_ms'],
-            j['hole_punch_receipt_time_ms'],
-            VeilidConfigRoutingTable.from_json(j['routing_table']),
-            VeilidConfigRPC.from_json(j['rpc']),
-            VeilidConfigDHT.from_json(j['dht']),
-            j['upnp'],
-            j['detect_address_changes'],
-            j['restricted_nat_retries'],
-            VeilidConfigTLS.from_json(j['tls']),
-            VeilidConfigApplication.from_json(j['application']),
-            VeilidConfigProtocol.from_json(j['protocol']))
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-
-class VeilidConfig:
     program_name: str
     namespace: str
     capabilities: VeilidConfigCapabilities
@@ -525,29 +223,3 @@ class VeilidConfig:
     table_store: VeilidConfigTableStore
     block_store: VeilidConfigBlockStore
     network: VeilidConfigNetwork
-    
-    def __init__(self, program_name: str, namespace: str, capabilities: VeilidConfigCapabilities,
-        protected_store: VeilidConfigProtectedStore, table_store: VeilidConfigTableStore,
-        block_store: VeilidConfigBlockStore, network: VeilidConfigNetwork):
-
-        self.program_name = program_name
-        self.namespace = namespace
-        self.capabilities = capabilities
-        self.protected_store = protected_store
-        self.table_store = table_store
-        self.block_store = block_store
-        self.network = network
-    
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
-        return VeilidConfig(j['program_name'], j['namespace'],
-            VeilidConfigCapabilities.from_json(j['capabilities']), 
-            VeilidConfigProtectedStore.from_json(j['protected_store']), 
-            VeilidConfigTableStore.from_json(j['table_store']),
-            VeilidConfigBlockStore.from_json(j['block_store']), 
-            VeilidConfigNetwork.from_json(j['network']))
-    def to_json(self) -> dict:
-        return self.__dict__
-    
-    

veilid-python/veilid/error.py

@@ -1,142 +1,155 @@
-from typing import Self, Any
+import inspect
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Self
+
+_ERROR_REGISTRY: dict[str, type] = {}
+
 
 class VeilidAPIError(Exception):
     """Veilid API error exception base class"""
-    pass
+
-    @staticmethod
+    label = "Base class"
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+
-        match j['kind']:
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            case 'NotInitialized':
+        super().__init__(self.label, *args, **kwargs)
-                return VeilidAPIErrorNotInitialized()
+
-            case 'AlreadyInitialized':
+    @classmethod
-                return VeilidAPIErrorAlreadyInitialized()
+    def from_json(cls, json: dict) -> Self:
-            case 'Timeout':
+        kind = json["kind"]
-                return VeilidAPIErrorTimeout()
+        try:
-            case 'TryAgain':
+            error_class = _ERROR_REGISTRY[kind]
-                return VeilidAPIErrorTryAgain()
+        except KeyError:
-            case 'Shutdown':
+            return cls(f"Unknown exception type: {kind}")
-                return VeilidAPIErrorShutdown()
+
-            case 'InvalidTarget':
+        args = {key: value for key, value in json.items() if key != "kind"}
-                return VeilidAPIErrorInvalidTarget()
+        return error_class(**args)
-            case 'NoConnection':
-                return VeilidAPIErrorNoConnection(j['message'])
-            case 'KeyNotFound':
-                return VeilidAPIErrorKeyNotFound(j['key'])
-            case 'Internal':
-                return VeilidAPIErrorInternal(j['message'])
-            case 'Unimplemented':
-                return VeilidAPIErrorUnimplemented(j['message'])
-            case 'ParseError':
-                return VeilidAPIErrorParseError(j['message'], j['value'])
-            case 'InvalidArgument':
-                return VeilidAPIErrorInvalidArgument(j['context'], j['argument'], j['value'])
-            case 'MissingArgument':
-                return VeilidAPIErrorMissingArgument(j['context'], j['argument'])
-            case 'Generic':
-                return VeilidAPIErrorGeneric(j['message'])
-            case _:
-                return VeilidAPIError("Unknown exception type: {}".format(j['kind']))
 
 
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorNotInitialized(VeilidAPIError):
     """Veilid was not initialized"""
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__("Not initialized")
 
+    label = "Not initialized"
+
+
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorAlreadyInitialized(VeilidAPIError):
     """Veilid was already initialized"""
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__("Already initialized")
 
+    label = "Already initialized"
+
+
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorTimeout(VeilidAPIError):
     """Veilid operation timed out"""
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__("Timeout")
 
+    label = "Timeout"
+
+
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorTryAgain(VeilidAPIError):
     """Operation could not be performed at this time, retry again later"""
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__("Try again")
 
+    label = "Try again"
+
+
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorShutdown(VeilidAPIError):
     """Veilid was already shut down"""
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__("Shutdown")
 
+    label = "Shutdown"
+
+
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorInvalidTarget(VeilidAPIError):
     """Target of operation is not valid"""
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__("Invalid target")
 
+    label = "Invalid target"
+
+
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorNoConnection(VeilidAPIError):
     """Connection could not be established"""
-    message: str
-    def __init__(self, message: str):
-        super().__init__("No connection")
-        self.message = message
 
+    label = "No connection"
+    message: str
+
+
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorKeyNotFound(VeilidAPIError):
     """Key was not found"""
-    key: str
-    def __init__(self, key: str):
-        super().__init__("Key not found")
-        self.key = key
 
+    label = "Key not found"
+    key: str
+
+
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorInternal(VeilidAPIError):
     """Veilid experienced an internal failure"""
-    message: str
-    def __init__(self, message: str):
-        super().__init__("Internal")
-        self.message = message
 
+    label = "Internal"
+    message: str
+
+
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorUnimplemented(VeilidAPIError):
     """Functionality is not yet implemented"""
-    message: str
-    def __init__(self, message: str):
-        super().__init__("Unimplemented")
-        self.message = message
 
+    label = "Unimplemented"
+    message: str
+
+
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorParseError(VeilidAPIError):
     """Value was not in a parseable format"""
+
+    label = "Parse error"
     message: str
     value: str
-    def __init__(self, message: str, value: str):
-        super().__init__("Parse error")
-        self.message = message
-        self.value = value
 
+
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorInvalidArgument(VeilidAPIError):
     """Argument is not valid in this context"""
+
+    label = "Invalid argument"
     context: str
     argument: str
     value: str
-    def __init__(self, context: str, argument: str, value: str):
-        super().__init__("Invalid argument")
-        self.context = context
-        self.argument = argument
-        self.value = value
 
+
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorMissingArgument(VeilidAPIError):
     """Required argument was missing"""
+
+    label = "Missing argument"
     context: str
     argument: str
-    def __init__(self, context: str, argument: str):
-        super().__init__("Missing argument")
-        self.context = context
-        self.argument = argument
 
+
+@dataclass
 class VeilidAPIErrorGeneric(VeilidAPIError):
     """Generic error message"""
+
+    label = "Generic"
     message: str
-    def __init__(self, message: str):
+
-        super().__init__("Generic")
+
-        self.message = message
+# Build a mapping of canonicalized labels to their exception classes. Do this in-place to update
+# the object inside the closure so VeilidAPIError.from_json can access the values.
+_ERROR_REGISTRY.clear()
+_ERROR_REGISTRY.update(
+    {
+        obj.label.title().replace(" ", ""): obj
+        for obj in vars().values()
+        if inspect.isclass(obj) and issubclass(obj, VeilidAPIError)
+    }
+)
 
 
 def raise_api_result(api_result: dict) -> Any:
     if "value" in api_result:
         return api_result["value"]
-    elif "error" in api_result:
+    if "error" in api_result:
         raise VeilidAPIError.from_json(api_result["error"])
-    else:
     raise ValueError("Invalid format for ApiResult")

veilid-python/veilid/state.py

@@ -1,36 +1,47 @@
-from typing import Self, Optional
 from enum import StrEnum
+from typing import Optional, Self
+
+from .config import VeilidConfig
+from .types import (ByteCount, RouteId, Timestamp, TimestampDuration, TypedKey,
+                    ValueData, ValueSubkey, VeilidLogLevel,
+                    urlsafe_b64decode_no_pad)
 
-from .types import *
-from .config import *
 
 class AttachmentState(StrEnum):
-    DETACHED = 'Detached'
+    DETACHED = "Detached"
-    ATTACHING = 'Attaching'
+    ATTACHING = "Attaching"
-    ATTACHED_WEAK = 'AttachedWeak'
+    ATTACHED_WEAK = "AttachedWeak"
-    ATTACHED_GOOD = 'AttachedGood'
+    ATTACHED_GOOD = "AttachedGood"
-    ATTACHED_STRONG = 'AttachedStrong'
+    ATTACHED_STRONG = "AttachedStrong"
-    FULLY_ATTACHED = 'FullyAttached'
+    FULLY_ATTACHED = "FullyAttached"
-    OVER_ATTACHED = 'OverAttached'
+    OVER_ATTACHED = "OverAttached"
-    DETACHING = 'Detaching'
+    DETACHING = "Detaching"
+
 
 class VeilidStateAttachment:
     state: AttachmentState
     public_internet_ready: bool
     local_network_ready: bool
 
-    def __init__(self, state: AttachmentState, public_internet_ready: bool, local_network_ready: bool):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        state: AttachmentState,
+        public_internet_ready: bool,
+        local_network_ready: bool,
+    ):
         self.state = state
         self.public_internet_ready = public_internet_ready
         self.local_network_ready = local_network_ready
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return VeilidStateAttachment(
+        return cls(
-            AttachmentState(j['state']),
+            AttachmentState(j["state"]),
-            j['public_internet_ready'],
+            j["public_internet_ready"],
-            j['local_network_ready'])
+            j["local_network_ready"],
+        )
+
 
 class RPCStats:
     messages_sent: int
@@ -42,9 +53,17 @@ class RPCStats:
     recent_lost_answers: int
     failed_to_send: int
 
-    def __init__(self, messages_sent: int, messages_rcvd: int, questions_in_flight: int, 
+    def __init__(
-                last_question_ts: Optional[Timestamp], last_seen_ts: Optional[Timestamp],
+        self,
-                first_consecutive_seen_ts: Optional[Timestamp], recent_lost_answers: int, failed_to_send: int):
+        messages_sent: int,
+        messages_rcvd: int,
+        questions_in_flight: int,
+        last_question_ts: Optional[Timestamp],
+        last_seen_ts: Optional[Timestamp],
+        first_consecutive_seen_ts: Optional[Timestamp],
+        recent_lost_answers: int,
+        failed_to_send: int,
+    ):
         self.messages_sent = messages_sent
         self.messages_rcvd = messages_rcvd
         self.questions_in_flight = questions_in_flight
@@ -54,36 +73,46 @@ class RPCStats:
         self.recent_lost_answers = recent_lost_answers
         self.failed_to_send = failed_to_send
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return RPCStats(
+        return cls(
-            j['messages_sent'],
+            j["messages_sent"],
-            j['messages_rcvd'],
+            j["messages_rcvd"],
-            j['questions_in_flight'],
+            j["questions_in_flight"],
-            None if j['last_question_ts'] is None else Timestamp(j['last_question_ts']),
+            None if j["last_question_ts"] is None else Timestamp(j["last_question_ts"]),
-            None if j['last_seen_ts'] is None else Timestamp(j['last_seen_ts']),
+            None if j["last_seen_ts"] is None else Timestamp(j["last_seen_ts"]),
-            None if j['first_consecutive_seen_ts'] is None else Timestamp(j['first_consecutive_seen_ts']),
+            None
-            j['recent_lost_answers'],
+            if j["first_consecutive_seen_ts"] is None
-            j['failed_to_send'])
+            else Timestamp(j["first_consecutive_seen_ts"]),
+            j["recent_lost_answers"],
+            j["failed_to_send"],
+        )
+
 
 class LatencyStats:
     fastest: TimestampDuration
     average: TimestampDuration
     slowest: TimestampDuration
 
-    def __init__(self, fastest: TimestampDuration, average: TimestampDuration, slowest: TimestampDuration):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fastest: TimestampDuration,
+        average: TimestampDuration,
+        slowest: TimestampDuration,
+    ):
         self.fastest = fastest
         self.average = average
         self.slowest = slowest
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return LatencyStats(
+        return cls(
-            TimestampDuration(j['fastest']),
+            TimestampDuration(j["fastest"]),
-            TimestampDuration(j['average']),
+            TimestampDuration(j["average"]),
-            TimestampDuration(j['slowest']))
+            TimestampDuration(j["slowest"]),
+        )
 
 
 class TransferStats:
@@ -92,20 +121,27 @@ class TransferStats:
     average: ByteCount
     minimum: ByteCount
 
-    def __init__(self, total: ByteCount, maximum: ByteCount, average: ByteCount, minimum: ByteCount):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        total: ByteCount,
+        maximum: ByteCount,
+        average: ByteCount,
+        minimum: ByteCount,
+    ):
         self.total = total
         self.maximum = maximum
         self.average = average
         self.minimum = minimum
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return TransferStats(
+        return cls(
-            ByteCount(j['total']),
+            ByteCount(j["total"]),
-            ByteCount(j['maximum']),
+            ByteCount(j["maximum"]),
-            ByteCount(j['average']),
+            ByteCount(j["average"]),
-            ByteCount(j['minimum']))
+            ByteCount(j["minimum"]),
+        )
 
 
 class TransferStatsDownUp:
@@ -116,12 +152,11 @@ class TransferStatsDownUp:
         self.down = down
         self.up = up
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return TransferStatsDownUp(
+        return cls(TransferStats.from_json(j["down"]), TransferStats.from_json(j["up"]))
-            TransferStats.from_json(j['down']),
+
-            TransferStats.from_json(j['up']))
 
 class PeerStats:
     time_added: Timestamp
@@ -129,20 +164,28 @@ class PeerStats:
     latency: Optional[LatencyStats]
     transfer: TransferStatsDownUp
 
-    def __init__(self, time_added: Timestamp, rpc_stats: RPCStats, latency: Optional[LatencyStats], transfer: TransferStatsDownUp):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        time_added: Timestamp,
+        rpc_stats: RPCStats,
+        latency: Optional[LatencyStats],
+        transfer: TransferStatsDownUp,
+    ):
         self.time_added = time_added
         self.rpc_stats = rpc_stats
         self.latency = latency
         self.transfer = transfer
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return PeerStats(
+        return cls(
-            j['time_added'],
+            j["time_added"],
-            RPCStats.from_json(j['rpc_stats']),
+            RPCStats.from_json(j["rpc_stats"]),
-            None if j['latency'] is None else LatencyStats.from_json(j['latency']),
+            None if j["latency"] is None else LatencyStats.from_json(j["latency"]),
-            TransferStatsDownUp.from_json(j['transfer']))
+            TransferStatsDownUp.from_json(j["transfer"]),
+        )
+
 
 class PeerTableData:
     node_ids: list[str]
@@ -154,13 +197,13 @@ class PeerTableData:
         self.peer_address = peer_address
         self.peer_stats = peer_stats
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return PeerTableData(
+        return cls(
-            j['node_ids'],
+            j["node_ids"], j["peer_address"], PeerStats.from_json(j["peer_stats"])
-            j['peer_address'],
+        )
-            PeerStats.from_json(j['peer_stats']))
+
 
 class VeilidStateNetwork:
     started: bool
@@ -168,20 +211,28 @@ class VeilidStateNetwork:
     bps_up: ByteCount
     peers: list[PeerTableData]
 
-    def __init__(self, started: bool, bps_down: ByteCount, bps_up: ByteCount, peers: list[PeerTableData]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        started: bool,
+        bps_down: ByteCount,
+        bps_up: ByteCount,
+        peers: list[PeerTableData],
+    ):
         self.started = started
         self.bps_down = bps_down
         self.bps_up = bps_up
         self.peers = peers
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return VeilidStateNetwork(
+        return cls(
-            j['started'],
+            j["started"],
-            ByteCount(j['bps_down']),
+            ByteCount(j["bps_down"]),
-            ByteCount(j['bps_up']),
+            ByteCount(j["bps_up"]),
-            list(map(lambda x: PeerTableData.from_json(x), j['peers'])))
+            [PeerTableData.from_json(peer) for peer in j["peers"]],
+        )
+
 
 class VeilidStateConfig:
     config: VeilidConfig
@@ -189,48 +240,54 @@ class VeilidStateConfig:
     def __init__(self, config: VeilidConfig):
         self.config = config
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return VeilidStateConfig(
+        return cls(VeilidConfig.from_json(j["config"]))
-            VeilidConfig.from_json(j['config'])
+
-        )
 
 class VeilidState:
     attachment: VeilidStateAttachment
     network: VeilidStateNetwork
     config: VeilidStateConfig
 
-    def __init__(self, attachment: VeilidStateAttachment, network: VeilidStateNetwork, config: VeilidStateConfig):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        attachment: VeilidStateAttachment,
+        network: VeilidStateNetwork,
+        config: VeilidStateConfig,
+    ):
         self.attachment = attachment
         self.network = network
         self.config = config
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return VeilidState(
+        return cls(
-            VeilidStateAttachment.from_json(j['attachment']), 
+            VeilidStateAttachment.from_json(j["attachment"]),
-            VeilidStateNetwork.from_json(j['network']), 
+            VeilidStateNetwork.from_json(j["network"]),
-            VeilidStateConfig.from_json(j['config']))
+            VeilidStateConfig.from_json(j["config"]),
+        )
+
 
 class VeilidLog:
     log_level: VeilidLogLevel
     message: str
     backtrace: Optional[str]
 
-    def __init__(self, log_level: VeilidLogLevel, message: str, backtrace: Optional[str]):
+    def __init__(
+        self, log_level: VeilidLogLevel, message: str, backtrace: Optional[str]
+    ):
         self.log_level = log_level
         self.message = message
         self.backtrace = backtrace
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return VeilidLog(
+        return cls(VeilidLogLevel(j["log_level"]), j["message"], j["backtrace"])
-            VeilidLogLevel(j['log_level']), 
+
-            j['message'], 
-            j['backtrace'])
 
 class VeilidAppMessage:
     sender: Optional[TypedKey]
@@ -240,12 +297,14 @@ class VeilidAppMessage:
         self.sender = sender
         self.message = message
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return VeilidAppMessage(
+        return cls(
-            None if j['sender'] is None else TypedKey(j['sender']),
+            None if j["sender"] is None else TypedKey(j["sender"]),
-            urlsafe_b64decode_no_pad(j['message']))
+            urlsafe_b64decode_no_pad(j["message"]),
+        )
+
 
 class VeilidAppCall:
     sender: Optional[TypedKey]
@@ -257,13 +316,15 @@ class VeilidAppCall:
         self.message = message
         self.call_id = call_id
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return VeilidAppCall(
+        return cls(
-            None if j['sender'] is None else TypedKey(j['sender']),
+            None if j["sender"] is None else TypedKey(j["sender"]),
-            urlsafe_b64decode_no_pad(j['message']),
+            urlsafe_b64decode_no_pad(j["message"]),
-            j['call_id'])
+            j["call_id"],
+        )
+
 
 class VeilidRouteChange:
     dead_routes: list[RouteId]
@@ -273,12 +334,14 @@ class VeilidRouteChange:
         self.dead_routes = dead_routes
         self.dead_remote_routes = dead_remote_routes
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return VeilidRouteChange(
+        return cls(
-            list(map(lambda x: RouteId(x), j['dead_routes'])),
+            [RouteId(route) for route in j["dead_routes"]],
-            list(map(lambda x: RouteId(x), j['dead_remote_routes'])))
+            [RouteId(route) for route in j["dead_remote_routes"]],
+        )
+
 
 class VeilidValueChange:
     key: TypedKey
@@ -286,20 +349,23 @@ class VeilidValueChange:
     count: int
     value: ValueData
 
-    def __init__(self, key: TypedKey, subkeys: list[ValueSubkey], count: int, value: ValueData):
+    def __init__(
+        self, key: TypedKey, subkeys: list[ValueSubkey], count: int, value: ValueData
+    ):
         self.key = key
         self.subkeys = subkeys
         self.count = count
         self.value = value
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        return VeilidValueChange(
+        return cls(
-            TypedKey(j['key']),
+            TypedKey(j["key"]),
-            list(map(lambda x: ValueSubkey(x), j['subkeys'])),
+            [ValueSubkey(key) for key in j["subkeys"]],
-            j['count'],
+            j["count"],
-            ValueData.from_json(j['value']))
+            ValueData.from_json(j["value"]),
+        )
 
 
 class VeilidUpdateKind(StrEnum):
@@ -313,19 +379,36 @@ class VeilidUpdateKind(StrEnum):
     VALUE_CHANGE = "ValueChange"
     SHUTDOWN = "Shutdown"
 
+
+VeilidUpdateDetailType = Optional[
+    VeilidLog
+    | VeilidAppMessage
+    | VeilidAppCall
+    | VeilidStateAttachment
+    | VeilidStateNetwork
+    | VeilidStateConfig
+    | VeilidRouteChange
+    | VeilidValueChange
+]
+
+
 class VeilidUpdate:
     kind: VeilidUpdateKind
-    detail: Optional[VeilidLog | VeilidAppMessage | VeilidAppCall | VeilidStateAttachment | VeilidStateNetwork | VeilidStateConfig | VeilidRouteChange | VeilidValueChange]
+    detail: VeilidUpdateDetailType
 
-    def __init__(self, kind: VeilidUpdateKind, detail: Optional[VeilidLog | VeilidAppMessage | VeilidAppCall | VeilidStateAttachment | VeilidStateNetwork | VeilidStateConfig | VeilidRouteChange | VeilidValueChange]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        kind: VeilidUpdateKind,
+        detail: VeilidUpdateDetailType,
+    ):
         self.kind = kind
         self.detail = detail
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        '''JSON object hook'''
+        """JSON object hook"""
-        kind = VeilidUpdateKind(j['kind'])
+        kind = VeilidUpdateKind(j["kind"])
-        detail = None
+        detail: VeilidUpdateDetailType = None
         match kind:
             case VeilidUpdateKind.LOG:
                 detail = VeilidLog.from_json(j)
@@ -347,4 +430,4 @@ class VeilidUpdate:
                 detail = None
             case _:
                 raise ValueError("Unknown VeilidUpdateKind")
-        return VeilidUpdate(kind, detail)
+        return cls(kind, detail)

veilid-python/veilid/types.py

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-import time
-import json
 import base64
-
+import json
 from enum import StrEnum
-from typing import Self, Optional, Any, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Optional, Self, Tuple
 
 ####################################################################
 
+
 def urlsafe_b64encode_no_pad(b: bytes) -> str:
     """
     Removes any `=` used as padding from the encoded string.
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@ def urlsafe_b64decode_no_pad(s: str) -> bytes:
     s = s + ("=" * padding)
     return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(s)
 
+
 class VeilidJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
     def default(self, o):
         if isinstance(o, bytes):
@@ -34,168 +34,201 @@ class VeilidJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
     def dumps(req: Any, *args, **kwargs) -> str:
         return json.dumps(req, cls=VeilidJSONEncoder, *args, **kwargs)
 
+
 ####################################################################
 
+
 class VeilidLogLevel(StrEnum):
-    ERROR = 'Error'
+    ERROR = "Error"
-    WARN = 'Warn'
+    WARN = "Warn"
-    INFO = 'Info'
+    INFO = "Info"
-    DEBUG = 'Debug'
+    DEBUG = "Debug"
-    TRACE = 'Trace'
+    TRACE = "Trace"
+
 
 class CryptoKind(StrEnum):
     CRYPTO_KIND_NONE = "NONE"
     CRYPTO_KIND_VLD0 = "VLD0"
 
+
 class Stability(StrEnum):
     LOW_LATENCY = "LowLatency"
     RELIABLE = "Reliable"
 
+
 class Sequencing(StrEnum):
     NO_PREFERENCE = "NoPreference"
     PREFER_ORDERED = "PreferOrdered"
     ENSURE_ORDERED = "EnsureOrdered"
 
+
 class DHTSchemaKind(StrEnum):
     DFLT = "DFLT"
     SMPL = "SMPL"
 
+
 ####################################################################
 
+
 class Timestamp(int):
     pass
 
+
 class TimestampDuration(int):
     pass
 
+
 class ByteCount(int):
     pass
 
-class OperationId(int):
+
+class OperationId(str):
     pass
 
+
 class RouteId(str):
     pass
 
-class CryptoKey:
+
+class EncodedString(str):
     def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
         return urlsafe_b64decode_no_pad(self)
 
-class CryptoKeyDistance(CryptoKey, str):
+    @classmethod
-    @staticmethod
+    def from_bytes(cls, b: bytes) -> Self:
-    def from_bytes(b: bytes) -> Self:
+        return cls(urlsafe_b64encode_no_pad(b))
-        return CryptoKeyDistance(urlsafe_b64encode_no_pad(b))
 
-class PublicKey(CryptoKey, str):
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_bytes(b: bytes) -> Self:
-        return PublicKey(urlsafe_b64encode_no_pad(b))
 
-class SecretKey(CryptoKey, str):
+class CryptoKey(EncodedString):
-    @staticmethod
+    pass
-    def from_bytes(b: bytes) -> Self:
-        return SecretKey(urlsafe_b64encode_no_pad(b))
 
-class SharedSecret(CryptoKey, str):
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_bytes(b: bytes) -> Self:
-        return SharedSecret(urlsafe_b64encode_no_pad(b))
 
-class HashDigest(CryptoKey, str):
+class CryptoKeyDistance(CryptoKey):
-    @staticmethod
+    pass
-    def from_bytes(b: bytes) -> Self:
-        return HashDigest(urlsafe_b64encode_no_pad(b))
 
-class Signature(str):
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_bytes(b: bytes) -> Self:
-        return Signature(urlsafe_b64encode_no_pad(b))
-    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
-        return urlsafe_b64decode_no_pad(self)
 
-class Nonce(str):
+class PublicKey(CryptoKey):
-    @staticmethod
+    pass
-    def from_bytes(b: bytes) -> Self:
+
-        return Signature(urlsafe_b64encode_no_pad(b))
+
-    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+class SecretKey(CryptoKey):
-        return urlsafe_b64decode_no_pad(self)
+    pass
+
+
+class SharedSecret(CryptoKey):
+    pass
+
+
+class HashDigest(CryptoKey):
+    pass
+
+
+class Signature(EncodedString):
+    pass
+
+
+class Nonce(EncodedString):
+    pass
+
 
 class KeyPair(str):
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_parts(key: PublicKey, secret: SecretKey) -> Self:
+    def from_parts(cls, key: PublicKey, secret: SecretKey) -> Self:
-        return KeyPair(key + ":" + secret)
+        return cls(f"{key}:{secret}")
-    def key(self) -> PublicKey:
-        return PublicKey(str.split(":", 1)[0])
-    def secret(self) -> SecretKey:
-        return SecretKey(str.split(":", 1)[1])
-    def to_parts(self) -> Tuple[PublicKey, SecretKey]:
-        parts = str.split(":", 1)
-        return (PublicKey(parts[0]), SecretKey(parts[1]))
 
-class CryptoTyped:
+    def key(self) -> PublicKey:
+        return PublicKey(self.split(":", 1)[0])
+
+    def secret(self) -> SecretKey:
+        return SecretKey(self.split(":", 1)[1])
+
+    def to_parts(self) -> Tuple[PublicKey, SecretKey]:
+        public, secret = self.split(":", 1)
+        return (PublicKey(public), SecretKey(secret))
+
+
+class CryptoTyped(str):
     def kind(self) -> CryptoKind:
-        if self[4] != ':':
+        if self[4] != ":":
             raise ValueError("Not CryptoTyped")
         return CryptoKind(self[0:4])
+
     def _value(self) -> str:
-        if self[4] != ':':
+        if self[4] != ":":
             raise ValueError("Not CryptoTyped")
         return self[5:]
 
-class TypedKey(CryptoTyped, str):
+
-    @staticmethod
+class TypedKey(CryptoTyped):
-    def from_value(kind: CryptoKind, value: PublicKey) -> Self:
+    @classmethod
-        return TypedKey(kind + ":" + value)
+    def from_value(cls, kind: CryptoKind, value: PublicKey) -> Self:
+        return cls(f"{kind}:{value}")
+
     def value(self) -> PublicKey:
-        PublicKey(self._value())
+        return PublicKey(self._value())
+
+
+class TypedSecret(CryptoTyped):
+    @classmethod
+    def from_value(cls, kind: CryptoKind, value: SecretKey) -> Self:
+        return cls(f"{kind}:{value}")
 
-class TypedSecret(CryptoTyped, str):
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_value(kind: CryptoKind, value: SecretKey) -> Self:
-        return TypedSecret(kind + ":" + value)
     def value(self) -> SecretKey:
-        SecretKey(self._value())
+        return SecretKey(self._value())
+
+
+class TypedKeyPair(CryptoTyped):
+    @classmethod
+    def from_value(cls, kind: CryptoKind, value: KeyPair) -> Self:
+        return cls(f"{kind}:{value}")
 
-class TypedKeyPair(CryptoTyped, str):
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_value(kind: CryptoKind, value: KeyPair) -> Self:
-        return TypedKeyPair(kind + ":" + value)
     def value(self) -> KeyPair:
-        KeyPair(self._value())
+        return KeyPair(self._value())
+
+
+class TypedSignature(CryptoTyped):
+    @classmethod
+    def from_value(cls, kind: CryptoKind, value: Signature) -> Self:
+        return cls(f"{kind}:{value}")
 
-class TypedSignature(CryptoTyped, str):
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_value(kind: CryptoKind, value: Signature) -> Self:
-        return TypedSignature(kind + ":" + value)
     def value(self) -> Signature:
-        Signature(self._value())
+        return Signature(self._value())
+
 
 class ValueSubkey(int):
     pass
 
+
 class ValueSeqNum(int):
     pass
 
+
 ####################################################################
 
+
 class VeilidVersion:
     _major: int
     _minor: int
     _patch: int
+
     def __init__(self, major: int, minor: int, patch: int):
         self._major = major
         self._minor = minor
         self._patch = patch
+
     @property
     def major(self):
         return self._major
+
     @property
     def minor(self):
         return self._minor
+
     @property
     def patch(self):
         return self._patch
 
+
 class NewPrivateRouteResult:
     route_id: RouteId
     blob: bytes
@@ -207,26 +240,27 @@ class NewPrivateRouteResult:
     def to_tuple(self) -> Tuple[RouteId, bytes]:
         return (self.route_id, self.blob)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        return NewPrivateRouteResult(
+        return cls(RouteId(j["route_id"]), urlsafe_b64decode_no_pad(j["blob"]))
-            RouteId(j['route_id']),
+
-            urlsafe_b64decode_no_pad(j['blob']))
 
 class DHTSchemaSMPLMember:
     m_key: PublicKey
     m_cnt: int
+
     def __init__(self, m_key: PublicKey, m_cnt: int):
         self.m_key = m_key
         self.m_cnt = m_cnt
-    @staticmethod
+
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    @classmethod
-        return DHTSchemaSMPLMember(
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-            PublicKey(j['m_key']),
+        return cls(PublicKey(j["m_key"]), j["m_cnt"])
-            j['m_cnt'])
+
     def to_json(self) -> dict:
         return self.__dict__
 
+
 class DHTSchema:
     kind: DHTSchemaKind
 
@@ -235,50 +269,60 @@ class DHTSchema:
         for k, v in kwargs.items():
             setattr(self, k, v)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def dflt(o_cnt: int) -> Self:
+    def dflt(cls, o_cnt: int) -> Self:
-        Self(DHTSchemaKind.DFLT, o_cnt = o_cnt)
+        return cls(DHTSchemaKind.DFLT, o_cnt=o_cnt)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def smpl(o_cnt: int, members: list[DHTSchemaSMPLMember]) -> Self:
+    def smpl(cls, o_cnt: int, members: list[DHTSchemaSMPLMember]) -> Self:
-        Self(DHTSchemaKind.SMPL, o_cnt = o_cnt, members = members)
+        return cls(DHTSchemaKind.SMPL, o_cnt=o_cnt, members=members)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        if DHTSchemaKind(j['kind']) == DHTSchemaKind.DFLT:
+        if DHTSchemaKind(j["kind"]) == DHTSchemaKind.DFLT:
-            return DHTSchema.dflt(j['o_cnt'])
+            return cls.dflt(j["o_cnt"])
-        if DHTSchemaKind(j['kind']) == DHTSchemaKind.SMPL:
+        if DHTSchemaKind(j["kind"]) == DHTSchemaKind.SMPL:
-            return DHTSchema.smpl(
+            return cls.smpl(
-                j['o_cnt'],
+                j["o_cnt"],
-                list(map(lambda x: DHTSchemaSMPLMember.from_json(x), j['members'])))
+                [DHTSchemaSMPLMember.from_json(member) for member in j["members"]],
-        raise Exception("Unknown DHTSchema kind", j['kind'])
+            )
+        raise Exception("Unknown DHTSchema kind", j["kind"])
 
     def to_json(self) -> dict:
         return self.__dict__
 
+
 class DHTRecordDescriptor:
     key: TypedKey
     owner: PublicKey
     owner_secret: Optional[SecretKey]
     schema: DHTSchema
 
-    def __init__(self, key: TypedKey, owner: PublicKey, owner_secret: Optional[SecretKey], schema: DHTSchema):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        key: TypedKey,
+        owner: PublicKey,
+        owner_secret: Optional[SecretKey],
+        schema: DHTSchema,
+    ):
         self.key = key
         self.owner = owner
         self.owner_secret = owner_secret
         self.schema = schema
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        DHTRecordDescriptor(
+        return cls(
-            TypedKey(j['key']),
+            TypedKey(j["key"]),
-            PublicKey(j['owner']),
+            PublicKey(j["owner"]),
-            None if j['owner_secret'] is None else SecretKey(j['owner_secret']),
+            None if j["owner_secret"] is None else SecretKey(j["owner_secret"]),
-            DHTSchema.from_json(j['schema']))
+            DHTSchema.from_json(j["schema"]),
+        )
 
     def to_json(self) -> dict:
         return self.__dict__
 
+
 class ValueData:
     seq: ValueSeqNum
     data: bytes
@@ -289,13 +333,13 @@ class ValueData:
         self.data = data
         self.writer = writer
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_json(j: dict) -> Self:
+    def from_json(cls, j: dict) -> Self:
-        DHTRecordDescriptor(
+        return cls(
-            ValueSeqNum(j['seq']),
+            ValueSeqNum(j["seq"]),
-            urlsafe_b64decode_no_pad(j['data']),
+            urlsafe_b64decode_no_pad(j["data"]),
-            PublicKey(j['writer']))
+            PublicKey(j["writer"]),
+        )
 
     def to_json(self) -> dict:
         return self.__dict__
-