mirror of
https://github.com/nhammer514/textfiles-politics.git
synced 2024-12-28 00:39:23 -05:00
2015 lines
104 KiB
Plaintext
2015 lines
104 KiB
Plaintext
31 page printout
|
||
|
||
Reproducible Electronic Publishing can defeat censorship.
|
||
|
||
This file, its printout, or copies of either
|
||
are to be copied and given away, but NOT sold.
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom, Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
**** ****
|
||
|
||
Edited by E. Haldeman-Julius
|
||
|
||
THE BLACK INTERNATIONAL No. 11
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
ITS FUEHRER, ITS GAULEITER, ITS GESTAPO,
|
||
AND ITS MONEY-BOX
|
||
|
||
by Joseph McCabe
|
||
|
||
HALDEMAN-JULIUS PUBLICATIONS
|
||
GIRARD -- : -- KANSAS
|
||
|
||
**** ****
|
||
|
||
CHAPTER
|
||
|
||
I The Holy Father ..................................... 3
|
||
|
||
II The Right Reverend Fathers ......................... 11
|
||
|
||
III The Common or Garden Fathers ....................... 19
|
||
|
||
IV The Money-Box ...................................... 24
|
||
|
||
|
||
**** ****
|
||
|
||
INTRODUCTION
|
||
|
||
During the past few years several estimable American writers
|
||
have claimed that the Roman Church is in sympathy with Fascism and
|
||
has itself a semi-Fascist complexion. In support of this charge
|
||
they have adduced such evidence that even Catholics have been
|
||
disturbed and divided. Apologists of the Jesuit type, who had
|
||
represented the Church as the faithful guardian, if not the mother,
|
||
of freedom and democracy, have excelled themselves in the
|
||
contortions of their craft. They had almost succeeded in persuading
|
||
America that the Statue of Liberty is a symbolic representation of
|
||
the Church. Less unscrupulous Catholic writers, or those who have
|
||
a higher appreciation of the intelligence of the American public,
|
||
have recognized that there is some truth in the charge and have
|
||
blamed the Pope, the Italian corporation that runs the Church, or
|
||
the local hierarchies of bishops.
|
||
|
||
Most men vaguely feel that there is more than "some truth" in
|
||
the charge. It expresses a monstrous truth: the prostitution of
|
||
what they had been persuaded to accept as the most massive moral
|
||
power in the world. For no literary or journalistic sophistry, no
|
||
sonorous speech on the either, can blur the significance of the
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
1
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
fact that in the mightiest struggle against evil that the planet
|
||
has seen for 15 centuries the Pope has been silent. Indeed, he was
|
||
worse than silent. In the old days a charge of treason was brought
|
||
against any man who "comforted or abetted" the king's enemies. In
|
||
that sense the Pope is a traitor to humanity. Neutrality in the
|
||
world at large, and especially in their own countries, was all the
|
||
help that the bandit-powers expected of the chief oracle of the
|
||
Church. It was enough if he allowed his local hierarchies of
|
||
archbishops and bishops and the priests they rigorously controlled
|
||
-- the Black International -- to assure their people that the orgy
|
||
of brutality, the satisfaction of a naked lust of power and wealth,
|
||
into which they had led their nations deserved their cordial
|
||
support and cooperation.
|
||
|
||
And this effective support of a bestiality that will one day
|
||
astonish historians is not the whole guilt of the Church. In one
|
||
weak country after another that was marked out for enslavement to
|
||
the vile purposes of Hitler, priests prepared the way for the
|
||
invaders, and priests followed in their wake over the stricken
|
||
lands -- Spain, China, Abyssinia, Austria, Albania, Belgium.
|
||
France, Czecho-Slovakia, and Yugo-Slavia -- to raise the gold and
|
||
white banner of the Papacy, beside that of the pirates. Even in the
|
||
United States and the British Empire they tried, until each of the
|
||
Pope's three Allies in turn cynically dropped the mask and struck
|
||
at democracy, to lull suspicion and to paralyse by promoting hatred
|
||
of Russia and friendliness with or neutrality toward the enemies of
|
||
civilization.
|
||
|
||
These facts may be discerned by any man on the face of
|
||
contemporary life, and in a series of ten booklets I have given the
|
||
details and the full evidence. Readers of my historical works (The
|
||
True Story of the Roman Church, The History of Morals, etc.) hardly
|
||
needed proof, They know that for many centuries the Roman Church
|
||
has maintained its power, and could not otherwise have survived in
|
||
an age of growing enlightenment, by allying itself with bloody and
|
||
corrupt secular powers. From about 1150, When Europe was fairly
|
||
awake after the heavy slumbers of the Dark Ages and perceived the
|
||
corruption of its Church, to 1550, when Protestants won the first
|
||
installment of freedom, several million rebels against Rome were
|
||
massacred or savagely executed. Even in the first half of the 19th
|
||
Century, when the nobler motto of the French Revolution had been
|
||
washed out with blood, the Church compassed the death of further
|
||
hundreds of thousands. Then the new humanitarian world of our time
|
||
-- the skeptical frivolous world whose sins the Church tearfully
|
||
deplores -- compelled it to suspend its policy. But that policy
|
||
remained and remains, on its statute book when it saw tens of
|
||
millions of adherents turning away from it in the new atmosphere of
|
||
freedom it waited impatiently for the opportunity to apply it once
|
||
more. The onset of the Axis beasts was its opportunity.
|
||
|
||
But few know these things today. In the new and more liberal
|
||
world the Church at first professed repentance and conversion. But
|
||
as it grew in wealth and masses of voters it grew bolder, and at
|
||
length it acquired a control of public education that is second
|
||
only to that of the Nazis in thoroughness and mendacity. We shall
|
||
see the details of the plot. By the wealth it was able to use in
|
||
propaganda, by the intimidation of some and the Seduction of other
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
2
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
organs of instruction, even of some academic writers, it succeeded
|
||
in obliterating all traces of its grisly past and on imposing upon
|
||
America the idea that Roman Catholicism is a moral force that is
|
||
beautifully adapted to work with the spirit and institutions of
|
||
America. That also will some day astonish historians.
|
||
|
||
Accustomed for years to have this idea of the Church impressed
|
||
upon him daily or weekly by his papers, breathed persuasively from
|
||
his radio, endorsed even by statesmen, the average American
|
||
hesitates when you say that it is rather an economic corporation
|
||
than a moral force and is the natural ally of Nazis and Fascists
|
||
because it has the same aims -- to increase its own power and
|
||
wealth -- and the same ruthlessness in pursuing its aim. So here I
|
||
propose to give a true and detailed description of the Roman Church
|
||
and contrast this with the utterly false representation of it in
|
||
American Catholic literature. As in the earlier series I intend to
|
||
rely on facts not rhetoric: and those facts will be given as far as
|
||
possible on Catholic authority, always on the best authorities.
|
||
Part of the hesitation of the average American is due to the fact
|
||
that Catholic writers have warned him that the Church is
|
||
misrepresented and libelled: that it has, in fact, "enemies," who
|
||
are driven to an insane hatred of it by its virtue and wisdom. It
|
||
is an old trick. You have heard that sort of thing from Goebbels
|
||
and Haw-Haw, have you not? You heard it from the Nazis until 1939,
|
||
from the Italians until 1941, from the Japs until 1942. But you
|
||
shall we the facts and judge for yourself.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter I
|
||
|
||
THE HOLY FATHER
|
||
|
||
I think it was Cardinal Hayes -- the priest who in 1921
|
||
ordered the New York Police (who obeyed) to stop an important
|
||
meeting on Birth Control in the Town Hall -- that claimed, and a
|
||
vast body of American Catholics applauded the claim, that it is the
|
||
sight of St. Patrick's Cathedral, not of the Statue of Liberty,
|
||
that, as a symbol of freedom, moistens the eyes of the refugee from
|
||
down-trodden Europe. Have Catholics no sense of humor? St.
|
||
Patrick's Cathedral, or the Roman Church in America which it
|
||
represents, suggests a body of about 35,000 priests who not only
|
||
rule the maids of 20,000,000 Americans, threatening them with the
|
||
horrors of an eternal concentration-camp if they rebel or read
|
||
anything that might excite a critical feeling, but they interfere
|
||
in the intimate details of the personal lives of these 20,000,000
|
||
Americans more truculently than the Gestapo meddle with such
|
||
matters in Germany. It suggests a body of 120 bishops and
|
||
archbishops who rule the priests as despotically as these rule the
|
||
people. And it points overseas to a Pope who controls the bishops
|
||
and archbishops as tyrannically as they rule their priests, and who
|
||
has on occasion treated, publicly, the whole body of American
|
||
prelates as arrogantly as some tactless lieutenant of police treats
|
||
his patrolmen.
|
||
|
||
Let us begin with the Pope. He is called the Holy Father or
|
||
His Holiness or the Sovereign Pontiff because he is so holy and
|
||
removed from ordinary mortals that if you have only 10 or 20
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
3
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
dollars to spare when you get to Rome you must look at him from a
|
||
distance. If you can make it $50 or $100 you may kiss his slipper.
|
||
Make it $1,000 or so and you may kiss his ring. If you have a
|
||
million you may kiss almost anything.
|
||
|
||
You do not, understand the Catholic protests. It is not his
|
||
person but in his character that the Pope is sacrosanct. He bears
|
||
a dignity that has been borne during nearly 1900 years by a long
|
||
line of austere Bishops of Rome, and he has been chosen for this
|
||
and endowed with a very special measure of "grace" by the Holy
|
||
Ghost. Even a politician may fittingly speak with reverence of such
|
||
a character or kiss his ring, while the heads of these upstart
|
||
Protestant Churches must groan with envy. Well, I know nothing
|
||
about Holy Ghosts but I know as much as any man living about these
|
||
Holy Fathers of the past. I have, in fact, written about them so
|
||
often that here I must be very summary. But if I dismiss them with
|
||
the bald remark that no other long-lived religion in history ever
|
||
had so disreputable a series of supreme leaders some of my readers,
|
||
more familiar with the conventional estimate of them, will find it
|
||
incredible, so let me repeat a few lines.
|
||
|
||
How many Popes there have been we cannot say precisely, since
|
||
even Catholic writers differ about the number. The first three or
|
||
four on Catholic lists are more or less mythical, and there were
|
||
later ages when rivals for the wealthy bishopric got into such a
|
||
muddle of consecrations that it is difficult to say which was Pope
|
||
and which Anti-Pope. Let us say about 260. You will find that in
|
||
Catholic lists of these no less than 30 were Martyrs and 86 were
|
||
Saints. No wonder your Catholic neighbor is proud of his Popes! Yet
|
||
this statement, though repeated in the most important Catholic
|
||
works of reference, is so flagrantly untruthful as to the Martyrs
|
||
that the weightiest Catholic experts on such matters (Delehaye,
|
||
Ehrhard, Duchesne, etc.) admit that two Popes, at the most laid
|
||
down their lives for the faith. A dozen or so cheerfully laid down
|
||
the lives of their rivals or opponents.
|
||
|
||
Two-third's of the 86 Saints are men about whose character we
|
||
have no evidence that would be regarded as reliable even by the
|
||
biographer of a statesman. The eulogies of these in the Catholic
|
||
Encyclopedia are based upon a Roman official calendar of the Popes
|
||
the first part of which is mainly fiction and upon tombstone
|
||
epitaphs like that which describes John XII, the most corrupt young
|
||
ruffian who ever wore the tiara, as "an ornament of the whole
|
||
world."
|
||
|
||
Of the first 30 Popes, who all wear the official halo, the
|
||
character of only five is known to us. Two of these were Anti-Popes
|
||
who died in an odor not of sanctity but of sulphur, a third
|
||
(Victor) was rebuked by the whole Church for his arrogance and was
|
||
on peculiarly good terms with the Emperor's hottest concubine; the
|
||
fourth (Callistus) was an unscrupulous ex-slave adventurer (and we
|
||
know him best of all): the fifth (Damassus) fell foul even of the
|
||
civic police of Rome on a serious charge of moral turpitude. To sum
|
||
up this matter of early history, of which I give a full account
|
||
elsewhere, we do not know the character of at least 100 (which
|
||
includes nearly all the Martyrs and most of the Saints) of the 260
|
||
Popes; we know that more than half the remainder were addicted to
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
4
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
simony or protected clerical corruption; and we know that of the
|
||
remaining 160, with good evidence as to character, about 30 were
|
||
murderers, fornicators, sodomists, or variety-artists in crime. So
|
||
much for the fragrant tradition of holiness.
|
||
|
||
Some of your professors of history say that I am just
|
||
muckraking when I recall these things, because the Roman Curia
|
||
reformed long ago. When? Certainly not at the Reformation, for the
|
||
line of Unholy Fathers, which had then already lasted a century,
|
||
was, with a few short intervals, prolonged for another century
|
||
after Luther; and the "greatest" Pope of the 18th Century, Benedict
|
||
XIV, was notorious in Europe for his love of spicy stories and used
|
||
expressions which the police would not permit me to translate.
|
||
|
||
But did not the even more terrible losses of money and members
|
||
at the French Revolution sober the Papal Court? For a time, or as
|
||
long as the wintry winds blew. When the sun of corrupt despotism
|
||
shone again upon Europe the Popes and cardinals showed little
|
||
improvement. In my large History of the Popes (1939) I have
|
||
described the three Popes who adorned the Holy See in that Indian
|
||
Summer of the Middle Age's. Leo XII, a converted rake and elderly
|
||
invalid, was despised by all Rome and Italy. Pius VIII was a
|
||
paralyzed old man who literally dribbled at the mouth as they
|
||
wheeled him about the Vatican in his baby-carriage. Gregory XVI, a
|
||
notorious wine-bibber and lover of erotic gossip, "absorbed himself
|
||
in ignoble interests while the country groaned under misrule" (says
|
||
one of the chief Italian historians). The leading power of Europe
|
||
had, publicly, to warn these moral oracles of the race to put a
|
||
little common decency into their kingdom. Then there was the
|
||
"saintly" Pius IX, a miserable weakling who, after running away in
|
||
disguise from the revolutionary storm of 1848, let Cardinal
|
||
Antonelli (who was born a pauper and left $20,000,000 for his
|
||
bastard daughter and the priests to fight over) rule Italy on the
|
||
vicious old lines while he defied modern thought, discovered the
|
||
Immaculate Conception of Mary, and bullied the bishops into the
|
||
irony of declaring him infallible! The century finished with "the
|
||
great diplomatist" Leo XIII; and he was so successful in his
|
||
diplomacy that during his pontificate the Church lost some tens of
|
||
millions of members.
|
||
|
||
Well, you may say, that must have taught the cardinal-electors
|
||
a lesson, and since 1900 they must have been very careful to choose
|
||
the really holiest and best candidates. They learned no lesson
|
||
whatever. Each of the recent Papal elections has been, as it always
|
||
was, preceded by intrigue and the clash of rival ambitions. Three
|
||
times since 1900 the voters have put at the head of their Church (a
|
||
world-wide business with an income of hundreds of millions of
|
||
dollars a year at its central office alone) a man who would have
|
||
failed to run a $3,000 store. I have just read fifteen Catholic
|
||
books -- British, French, Italian, and German -- on them and ought
|
||
to know them.
|
||
|
||
The fourth, the present Pope, we will discuss shortly. Let us
|
||
first consider the Papal election (Conclave) in itself. This will
|
||
correct half the flatulent stuff you may have read in American
|
||
papers. The Catholic theory you probably know. Sixty or seventy
|
||
cardinals elect the Pope. They are locked and carpentered in a
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
5
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
special part of the Vatican palace, where each now has a suite of
|
||
rooms -- in the old days when they were all locked in a chapel day
|
||
and night for weeks the odor was not one of sanctity -- until one
|
||
of the rival candidates gets two-thirds of the vote's. There is
|
||
much praying to the Holy Ghost for guidance, but they still have to
|
||
be locked in and watched lest they consult profane persons outside.
|
||
It is to be inferred that the direction of the Holy Ghost is not in
|
||
good Latin because they rarely agree in less than three days.
|
||
Possibly it is not even then the supernatural guidance so much as
|
||
the rule that their diet shall be cut down from the fourth day that
|
||
hastens the decision.
|
||
|
||
In practice the Conclave is much more human than the theory.
|
||
Ever since the Church of Rome became rich in the 4th Century there
|
||
has been a spirited struggle for the control of the treasury. As
|
||
early as 366 more than 160 of the supporters of the rival
|
||
candidates had to be buried, and as late as 1492 the "butcher's
|
||
bill" was more than 200. The struggle is now more refined; though
|
||
when the Pope says his first Mass he still has nobles at hand to
|
||
take the first sip of the wine and see that it has not been
|
||
poisoned.
|
||
|
||
A feverish intrigue warms Rome before la Pope's death. Broadly
|
||
there are two schools of cardinals: the "zealots" -- think of the
|
||
hairy hill-men of Kentucky who roar out the hymn "Old-Fashioned
|
||
Religion" -- and the "political's" or practical men. There are
|
||
generally four or five cardinals who fancy their chances and carry
|
||
the bets of the Romans, and they canvass the voters of the rival
|
||
schools and let it be known that they are grateful to supporters.
|
||
Each party selects one champion, and they enter the Conclave with
|
||
the Holy Ghost on their lips and the name of a candidate in their
|
||
pockets. Those from France, Germany, Italy, or Spain may have also
|
||
instructions from their governments to keep out So-and-so at all
|
||
costs (the veto).
|
||
|
||
They pray and talk for an hour or two and then take a vote
|
||
(written). The two favorites are found to have, perhaps, a third of
|
||
the votes each, and the nibbling at each other's parties and the
|
||
neutrals begins. There is still generally a deadlock, and they turn
|
||
to the string of "also ran." A few colorless outsiders are tried
|
||
until one gets the two-thirds vote. He is generally advanced in age
|
||
or an invalid so that the struggle may be resumed in a few years.
|
||
The lucky man who at last gets the required majority murmurs "I am
|
||
not worthy" and -- because a Pope Was once taken seriously when he
|
||
said this -- makes for the pontifical robes, which are waiting (in
|
||
three sizes). Then they take him out on the balcony to show to the
|
||
public. The historical record of these Conclaves by Petrucelli
|
||
della Gattina -- a good deal of it is translated in Miss V. Pirie's
|
||
Triple Crown (1935) -- beats the history of Tammany for clean fun.
|
||
|
||
An Italian Catholic priest, G. Berthelet (Storia en
|
||
Rivilazioni sul Conclave, 1904) says of the election of the "great"
|
||
Leo XIII:
|
||
|
||
"If Pius IX had foreseen the election of Leo XIII he
|
||
would have excommunicated him, but if Leo XIII had foreseen
|
||
that at his death the cardinals would vote for Giuseppe Sarto,
|
||
he would have excommunicated the lot of them."
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
6
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
Sarto, Archbishop of Venice, was a good old man of peasant
|
||
origin. His sister kept the village pub. He loved to talk broad
|
||
Venetian with a countryman and shock the more starchy cardinals.
|
||
But what else could the poor voters do? For years Cardinal
|
||
Rampolla, the ablest of them, a lean black-visaged lynx-eyed
|
||
schemer like the present Pope, had worked for the position. The
|
||
candidate of the zealots was Gatti, a somber ascetic man; and one
|
||
of the leading Roman cardinals, Vannutelli, who was well known to
|
||
have a mistress and children living not very far from the Vatican
|
||
-- one of the chief American consuls in Italy pointed out the house
|
||
to me in Rome in 1904 -- thought that he had a sporting chance and
|
||
carried many bets. But with so many of these prudish Americans and
|
||
British about in Rome nowadays only five dare vote for the gay
|
||
cardinal and he dropped out. Then, as that very sober and weighty
|
||
French newspaper Le Temps said in its account of the Conclave: "The
|
||
Holy, Ghost was clearly making for the French candidate (Rampolla)
|
||
but the Triplice (Triple Alliance) headed him off." The Austrian
|
||
cardinal, speaking for his government and that of Germany, said
|
||
that they would not tolerate the election of Rampolla, That
|
||
cardinal told them what he thought of so profane a maneuver but
|
||
"the German faction" stuck to their guns and Rampolla dropped out.
|
||
Then the genial Vannutelli proposed old Sarto who was turned 70 and
|
||
very easy-going. The Spanish cardinal had been instructed by his
|
||
government to oppose Sarto. but the warm language inspired by the
|
||
Austrian Veto intimidated him and the brother of the village pub-
|
||
owner (who was at once summoned to Rome and made comparatively
|
||
rich) put on the holy robe's.
|
||
|
||
Catholic writers in America have denied that Austria was
|
||
allowed to exercise a veto but practically all the French and
|
||
Italian Catholic writers (Berthelet, Crispolati, etc.) affirm it.
|
||
I take the account of the Conclave from a biography of the Pope
|
||
(Pie X intime) by a high Papal official, the Count de Colleville,
|
||
who got it not only from "a great lady of the Austrian Court"
|
||
(obviously the Empress) but also from Cardinal Gibbons! The French
|
||
Cardinal Matthieu agrees in his account of the Conclave in the
|
||
(Catholic) Revue de Deux Mondes. It is beyond question. Vannutelli
|
||
and the Kaiser had a great deal more than the Holy Ghost to do with
|
||
the first Papal election of the 20th Century.
|
||
|
||
As Pope Pius X (1903-14) he finely helped on that dissolution
|
||
of the Church which Leo XIII had begun. How in his fight against
|
||
Modernism he drove its few real scholars out of the. Church and set
|
||
up a new Inquisition: how he tried to drive out artists, literary
|
||
men, and ladies by forbidding modern music at the Sunday services;
|
||
and how he fell foul of France and Italy by insisting on his right
|
||
to examine the morals of their prelates we shall see later. He died
|
||
soon after the outbreak of war in 1914. They no longer knock the
|
||
Pope on the head with a little hammer to see if he is really dead
|
||
or feel the testicles of a new Pope to be sure that he is not a
|
||
woman in disguise, but the mood in which the cardinal-electors met
|
||
at Rome was as grim as ever.
|
||
|
||
In 1914 the Vatican was "modernized." It had one telephone, of
|
||
primitive type, one creaky lift, four firemen (and odd-job men), no
|
||
automobile or vacuum cleaner. But it did know that there was a war
|
||
on, and the big question was whether they should have a Pope who
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
7
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
would help to bring Italy into the war or one who would keep it
|
||
neutral. Italy was a member of the Triple Alliance with Germany and
|
||
Austria, but they had not much to offer it, though they made
|
||
attractive offers privately to the Vatican, and they knew that it
|
||
was secretly negotiating with France and Britain for a higher
|
||
price. The Germans therefore hinted to the Holy Ghost that they
|
||
wanted a neutrality Pope, and they got one, a rank outsider. A
|
||
Strict Catholic writer, Crispolati, who was in the crowd in the
|
||
Piazza when Benedict XV, the new Pope, came out on the balcony,
|
||
says that there was "universal stupefaction." Baron Sonnino wrote
|
||
to a friend: "The Vatican is working with the German Centre and was
|
||
always an enemy of the Italian nation." You ought to try on an
|
||
Italian friend the little joke that "the Church never interferes in
|
||
polities."
|
||
|
||
Like his predecessor, Benedict XV was a holy man -- that is to
|
||
say, he was elderly and never drank or swore -- but as the moral
|
||
ruler of the earth in a grave crisis he was about as useful as the
|
||
Grand Lama of Tibet. Europe was aflame with the first great war of
|
||
the century and, though this is not the place to assign the war-
|
||
guilt, no one imagines that the welter of blood and tears was just
|
||
due to an innocent misunderstanding. But Benedict XV flatly refused
|
||
to inquire who was guilty, "I am," he said in his Consistorial
|
||
Allocution on January 22, 1915, "commissioned by God to be his
|
||
chief interpreter." One would think that God would have had
|
||
something to say about a war that cost 10,000,000 lives and
|
||
$50,000,000,000 and led to a good deal of Atheism, but his "chief
|
||
interpreter" merely "denounced all injustice by whatever side it
|
||
may be committed" and said that he would not "involve the
|
||
pontifical authority in the controversies of the belligerents." He
|
||
was sure that it would be "clear to every unbiased thinker that in
|
||
this frightful conflict the Holy See, without failing to watch it
|
||
with close attention, is bound to a complete impartiality." The
|
||
Kaiser, being an unbiased man, heartily agreed with him. All that
|
||
he could hope for from Italy was neutrality. And the present Pope,
|
||
who was then Nuncio in Germany, was on good terms with the Kaiser.
|
||
|
||
The great French scholar A. Loisy lashed him mercilessly (in
|
||
The War and Religion, 1915) for failing to distinguish between
|
||
impartiality and neutrality. The Italian's -- notably one Benito
|
||
Mussolini went further, They produced very good evidence that the
|
||
Pope maintained to treasonable correspondence with Germany through
|
||
the Austrian Church and very seriously tampered with the loyalty of
|
||
the Italian troops. But we have seen enough in our time of this
|
||
kind of conduct on the part of God's chief interpreter in a world-
|
||
crisis. As I said in the earlier books, the idea that there is
|
||
anything new in the recent policy of the Vatican or that you can
|
||
blame the present Pope for it is far astray.
|
||
|
||
How Benedict completed the medieval work of his predecessor
|
||
and fastened upon the Catholic world a Code of Canon Law which
|
||
gives the lie to American apologists we shall see later. The Barque
|
||
of Peter emerged from the war "with overwheathered rib's and
|
||
tattered sails" and before it had time to recover it ran into the
|
||
hurricane, of Atheistic Communism. A frothy sea of blasphemy (from
|
||
both Fascists and Communists) confronted the Pope in Italy, and
|
||
devastating waves spread over Germany, France, Spain, and Spanish
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
8
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
America and Benedict succumbed (1922) and the cardinals met for a
|
||
grimmer fight -- I mean a more ardent supplication of the Holy
|
||
Ghost -- than ever. Ought they to maintain Benedict's policy of
|
||
spending millions of lire in an attempt to conciliate Russia? Ought
|
||
they to come to terms at last with the Italian throne, which was
|
||
tottering, and government and cooperate with them in strangling
|
||
Socialism? And so on.
|
||
|
||
The treasury was almost empty. Catholic writers say that the
|
||
new Pope found only $55,000 in it, but they are rather ingenious
|
||
about these financial matters. Seldes reports their report of the
|
||
$55,000 but seems to forget that a few pages earlier he had said
|
||
that the new Pope set out at once upon a career of princely
|
||
generosity. "The day after his succession" he says (p. 250) "he
|
||
handed over 500,000 lire to the German cardinals, for their
|
||
compatriot victims of the sinking mark," and "some time after" he
|
||
gave the French clergy 1,000,000 lire; and in the same year (1922)
|
||
spent 2,500,000 lire on his Russian mission or enterprise. Some
|
||
wizard of finance! Catholic writers say that Benedict himself had
|
||
found an empty treasury, and even the expenses of the Conclave had
|
||
had to be met by a fat American cheque! We thank them for these
|
||
detail's but would further like to know how these things happened
|
||
when, as we shall see in the last chapter of this book, from 1900
|
||
onward the income of the Vatican had been at least $500,000,000 a
|
||
year!
|
||
|
||
The same Italian writers tell us that Cardinal O'Connell had
|
||
hastened to this Conclave with instructions to probe the financial
|
||
mystery. The Knights of Columbus, we suppose, wanted to know where
|
||
their money went. But O'Connell reached Rome to learn that the
|
||
Conclave was over, and we gather that to express himself he helped
|
||
out his very elementary Italian with some ripe Irish-American.
|
||
|
||
The voting had been fierce -- there were 14 scrutinies or
|
||
polls -- and out of the fight had emerged Achille Ratti, son of a
|
||
small silk-dealer of peasant origin. If his predecessor's
|
||
appearance on the balcony had been greeted with "universal
|
||
stupefaction" one wonders what sensation Pius XI created. He was an
|
||
obscure bookworm, a Papal librarian, and had for the last few years
|
||
been buried in Poland. Which did not prevent the American press
|
||
from hailing the result as a splendid choice and the new Pope as a
|
||
man of marvelous attainments -- he had even climbed the Alps -- and
|
||
character. He was quite moral, of course, and therefore in Catholic
|
||
language very holy, and of simple tastes. He set up a Spartan suite
|
||
of rooms in the Palace and brought his sister to clean out the
|
||
rascally valets, cooks, etc. He ordered that account-books (which
|
||
have never been seen) should be kept and is supposed to have
|
||
reformed the finances. The atmosphere of the Vatican City and Rome
|
||
was blue With naughty words.
|
||
|
||
The chief point that concerns us here is that Pius XI is the
|
||
Pope who made the famous, or infamous, compact with Mussolini,
|
||
constructed an alliance of great cordiality with Japan, and helped
|
||
Hitler to power by ordering the German Church to drop its hostility
|
||
to the bunch of Nazi adventurers. He is the Pope who made Eugenio
|
||
Pacelli his Secretary of State and Signed every agreement that
|
||
Pacelli negotiated between 1930 and 1939. It was he who blessed the
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
9
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
outrages of the Germans and Italians in Spain and sent a Papal
|
||
banner to float beside the blood-stained rag of Franco; he who sat
|
||
with sealed lips in the Vatican while the whole Italian Church
|
||
cheered the savage attack on Abyssinia and called it a crusade for
|
||
God and civilization: he who patted Cardinal Innitzer on the back
|
||
for betraying Austria to Hitler and who approved the Catholic
|
||
intrigues which ruined Czecho-Slovakia: he who roused the Catholic
|
||
world -- indeed the whole world as far as he could reach it -- to
|
||
hatred of Russia and a demand for the extinction of Socialism. A
|
||
very Holy Father. When he died the Catholic press glowed with pride
|
||
in his fragrant memory and his services to the race, and the
|
||
American papers generally dug out their stereotyped articles about
|
||
"the venerable head of the Great Church" and his beneficent moral
|
||
influence.
|
||
|
||
The cardinal-electors at once, and with less intrigue and
|
||
dispute than usual appointed as his successor the man who, as
|
||
Secretary of State, had emphatically carried out if not inspired,
|
||
his policy of alliance, for the benefit of the Church, with the
|
||
three great powers whom the world now execrates and loathes. The
|
||
Catholic press hailed him ecstatically. The American section of it
|
||
assured the world, on the authority of their cardinals (who had
|
||
worked generously for his election) and archbishops, that he was
|
||
quite American in his enthusiasm for peace, freedom and democracy.
|
||
But I have told the whole story in the preceding series of booklets
|
||
and will not return to it. Form your own judgment. You have all the
|
||
material. Ask yourself this question: Did or did not the American,
|
||
British, and French cardinals who were his chief champions in the
|
||
conflict, and the archbishops and bishops whom they are supposed to
|
||
consult, understand the policy that Pius XI and Pacelli has openly
|
||
pursued for ten years? Choose your alternative -- and your language
|
||
about it.
|
||
|
||
This little sketch of the Conclaves of the last few decades
|
||
will give you a better idea of the Papacy as it is today than you
|
||
will learn from a hundred editorials and magazine articles. There
|
||
is no need to dig up the odoriferous bodies of the Popes of the
|
||
Dark Age or the Middle Age. I really do not care two pins about
|
||
the question how many children Innocent VIII, Alexander VI,
|
||
Julius II or Paul III had or just how many Popes were sodomists
|
||
or murderers. I recall these things only when I find so many
|
||
other writers, even professors, pretending that the Papacy
|
||
promoted civilization in Europe or Catholic writers telling
|
||
monstrous untruths about the Middle Ages. After all, these Papal
|
||
sinners, however incongruous it may be to find them in a Holy See
|
||
in which the Holy Ghost takes so special an interest, did not do
|
||
much harm to the race. Most of the real evil was done by the
|
||
Saints (Leo I, Gregory I, Gregory VII, Innocent III, etc.). But a
|
||
vast amount of harm has been done by these stodgy bourgeois Popes
|
||
of modern times and the political "cardinals who guided their
|
||
hands."
|
||
|
||
That they are "chosen by the Holy Ghost" you now see to be
|
||
the emptiest of bunk. They are not even chosen because they are
|
||
the wisest and best men available. The present Pope, it is true,
|
||
was one of the ablest of the cardinal-voters, but he was not
|
||
chosen on account of his linguistic ability and his experience
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
10
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
from much traveling. He was elected because the Italian cardinals
|
||
believed that Germany, Italy, and Japan would win in the
|
||
impending conflict and would carry out their promises to the
|
||
Church and destroy Socialism. A Papal election is like any other,
|
||
except that in a political election the man with the largest
|
||
number of votes wins and in the Papal election the voting must be
|
||
repeated until one cardinal gets two-thirds of the votes. It is
|
||
gloriously prolific of intrigue but above all hovers the golden
|
||
rule: More power and wealth for the Church.
|
||
|
||
Well, this is the Pope when you strip him of all
|
||
propagandist "properties," as the theatrical folk say. That he is
|
||
infallible is, of course, even on Catholic principles a poor
|
||
joke. Since it was declared in 1870, after a prolonged and bitter
|
||
struggle with a large part of the bishops, that he is infallible
|
||
if he speaks in certain conditions every Pope has been very
|
||
careful in his utterances to avoid those conditions. Is he an
|
||
autocrat? Very decidedly on Catholic theory. He need not consult
|
||
anybody, though in practice he consults his Secretary of State
|
||
and other cardinals when he is preparing an important message. He
|
||
can depose any prelate or cardinal, but in practice if an Italian
|
||
is troublesome to the Pope and his friends he is buried in a
|
||
diplomatic appointment far away. The Italian cardinals are the
|
||
Pope's cabinet and he frequently discusses matters with them and
|
||
with visiting cardinals and archbishop's but they have no power
|
||
to modify what he propose's to do. He is an autocrat, a dictator,
|
||
a Fuhrer or Duce, in just the same sense as Hitler or Mussolini.
|
||
But just as these find it expedient to discuss affairs with the
|
||
leaders of their respective parties, so the Pope must consult the
|
||
sentiments of the higher clergy of Italy. The cardinals find it
|
||
safe to elect a mediocrity sometime's because they know that he
|
||
will not run the Church. They and the leading Italian prelates
|
||
do. That is the next important point to appreciate.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter II
|
||
|
||
THE RIGHT REVEREND FATHERS
|
||
|
||
American and British Catholics show a tendency in recent
|
||
years to want to get rid of the title "Roman" of which they were
|
||
once so proud. In order to be able to call for the suppression in
|
||
America of Communism and socialism -- Atheism would be the next
|
||
victim -- without (they say) incurring the charge of violating
|
||
the grand American principle of freedom some sophists started the
|
||
slogan that these things are "un-American." It is slowly dawning
|
||
upon the minds of many that a religion which calls itself Roman
|
||
Catholicism does not sound pure American, so the word quietly
|
||
passes round to cut out the "Roman." Examine your new
|
||
Encyclopedia Americana -- of which, if you will pardon me saying
|
||
so, American culture ought to be ashamed -- in the writing of
|
||
which Catholics have played as lamentable a part as in the
|
||
writing of the last edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica.
|
||
|
||
It is ridiculous to drop the word, and it becomes quite
|
||
funny when you occasionally find an apologist going on to say
|
||
that if the Vatican ever draws anything at variance with the
|
||
American spirit and Constitution they will cut the cable and
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
11
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
become simply the American Catholic Church. Seeing that Catholic
|
||
means "universal" the thing is stupid. It is just a loud way of
|
||
saying that, of course, Rome would never do anything of the kind.
|
||
Their Church is essentially Roman: not in the sense that Peter
|
||
founded it at Rome, which is false, or merely in the sense that
|
||
Rome is the connecting link of the various bodies of its members
|
||
in most countries of the world, but because Rome rules it as
|
||
surely as the Boston clique, rules Christian Science everywhere.
|
||
|
||
If the American hierarchy were conceivably to defy the Pope
|
||
they would have to repudiate a large part of their theology and
|
||
the vast literature of sermons and articles on their superiority
|
||
to other sects in that they possess a Holy Father, an
|
||
international and infallible leader who is inspired above all
|
||
other mortals to rule the world. All the talk about the grandeurs
|
||
of the Vatican would have to be disowned, and it would have to be
|
||
admitted that the billions of dollars sent to it were wasted on a
|
||
bunch of hypocritical Italians. Even if it were pretended that
|
||
the American Church remained part of the Catholic Church -- it
|
||
could not, as I said, be Catholic (universal) yet purely American
|
||
-- it would find itself repudiated with horror by every other
|
||
branch of the Church, for schism is in Catholic theology as
|
||
sinful as heresy. It would lose millions of adherents and its
|
||
treasury would be terribly reduced.
|
||
|
||
You may therefore regard as sheer nonsense and quite
|
||
insincere any talk of American apologists about defying the Pope.
|
||
Every American bishop and most priests know that all such
|
||
attempts -- there was a notable attempt (Old Catholicism) in
|
||
Germany after Pius IX bullied the bishops into declaring him
|
||
infallible -- has dismally failed and could not possibly succeed
|
||
in our time. But few realize to what an extent the Italians
|
||
control the Church and have a huge financial interest in
|
||
maintaining this control.
|
||
|
||
Here let me, once for all, say a word about what some folk
|
||
call "the good side" of Catholicism. I have met many of these
|
||
'liberal' writers and read most of them, and I find that they
|
||
have one thing in common: they do not know the Church of Rome.
|
||
Often they take up this attitude for social or political reasons,
|
||
and they protect themselves in it by refusing to read critical
|
||
works or full statements of facts like mine. They give their
|
||
readers an impression of the Catholic period in European history,
|
||
the Middle Ages, which is a confused and superficial jumble of
|
||
lovely cathedrals and teeming universities, chivalrous knights
|
||
and holy monks and is false to the extent of four-fifths. They
|
||
will not read accounts of the real character of the time. Their
|
||
idea of the Church today is an equally superficial maundering
|
||
about venerable heads, sagacity of the age-old Vatican, deeply
|
||
religious priests, and virtuous laity: which again is a mixture
|
||
of one part of truth and four of lying. They are in large part
|
||
responsible for that false idea of Rome which has enabled it to
|
||
help the enemies of civilization during ten of the most fateful
|
||
years in history. So let me say that, while I know much better
|
||
than they how many decent Popes there were and what proportion of
|
||
the bishops, priests, and monks are really and consistently
|
||
religious -- not more than one in ten -- I am, as a conscientious
|
||
writer with a social outlook, concerned only with the general
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
12
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
features of the Church and think it a service to my fellows to
|
||
tell them the truths which are usually from not very respectable
|
||
motive's which masquerade as liberalism, so generally and so
|
||
scandalously suppressed.
|
||
|
||
One of these truths is that in one of its most important
|
||
aspects the Church of Rome is an economic corporation, the Black
|
||
International, for collecting and drafting hundreds of millions
|
||
of dollars every year to Rome. I have described how, and on what
|
||
grounds, the Popes are elected. Originally, and all through the
|
||
Dark Ages, the Pope was elected, publicly and orally, by the
|
||
priests and people of Rome. This led, as I said, to vicious
|
||
fights when the See became rich, and the "cardinal" (or
|
||
principal) clergy of Rome used this pretext to secure a monopoly
|
||
of the election. The Popes had now crushed Roman democracy and
|
||
deceived the people everywhere into submission to their semi-
|
||
magical powers. It was a very profitable monopoly. The people
|
||
were still allowed to loot the palace and treasury of the dead
|
||
Pope but the cardinals from that date expected the man they
|
||
elected to show his gratitude and in Renaissance days the shower
|
||
of favors amounted to millions -- and a candidate found it easier
|
||
to bribe or persuade a handful of cardinal's than a mob. In time
|
||
the Catholic monarchs forced the Papacy to grant the red hat to
|
||
one or more distinguished prelates in their own countries and the
|
||
"sacred college of cardinals" became. international. But the
|
||
Italians retained, and still retain, a monopoly of the power to
|
||
elect a Pope.
|
||
|
||
There are supposed to be 70 cardinals. At present there are
|
||
55, and 29 of these are Italians. They always have an absolute
|
||
majority; and this is easily secured because they elect, the Pope
|
||
and he, in consultation with them, creates new cardinals as the
|
||
old die off. Foreign cardinals fume and demand a larger
|
||
representation in the "sacred college." The United States has
|
||
about 15,000,000 Catholics and only two cardinals. Italy has
|
||
probably about 20,000,000 genuine Catholics and 29 cardinals. The
|
||
Italians have the further advantage of being united and close
|
||
neighbors while the foreign cardinals are scattered and often,
|
||
like their nations, bitterly hostile to each other. There are,
|
||
for instance, two American, two British (including the Canadian),
|
||
three Vichy French, three Fascist Spanish, and three Nazis. Thus
|
||
the Papal autocracy is a lucrative monopoly of the Italians.
|
||
|
||
It is part of the Catholic idea that is foisted upon the
|
||
public by the press, radio, cinema, subsidized books, etc., that
|
||
these "Princes of the Church," as they are called, stand next to
|
||
the Pope in austerity of character and superiority of intellect.
|
||
After what I have said about recent Popes you will realize that
|
||
they need not be on a very high level to deserve that
|
||
description. But, as we saw, this virtue-and-wisdom idea is a bit
|
||
of sheer propaganda. Vannutelli was the second most important
|
||
cardinal in Rome -- after the Secretary of State -- and his
|
||
children must have been proud of him. A Hungarian cardinal at one
|
||
of the recent Conclaves refused to enter the concentration-camp
|
||
because the food served was not good enough. Most of them are
|
||
quite human; and as to intelligence, remember that Sarto (Pius X)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
13
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
and Della Chiesa (Benedict XV) became Popes. They are selected
|
||
for all sorts of reasons, but in Italy mostly because they are
|
||
sound on the Italian policy of monopolizing power and being
|
||
always on the side of the big battalions.
|
||
|
||
Most of them are comfortable men who are not so much
|
||
interested in power as in their bank-accounts, About half a
|
||
century ago a book on the Roman system (Les Congregations
|
||
romaines, 1890) was published by a Vatican official, a strict
|
||
Catholic, F. Grimaldi, in which -- and it is so accurate that it
|
||
was put on the Index -- the author said that any candidate for
|
||
the cardinal's hat had to have $5,000 for expenses, gifts, etc.,
|
||
and the cost would now be very much greater. But the prize is
|
||
well worth it. In the last chapter of this book we will consider
|
||
the very peculiar financial system, or lack of system, of the
|
||
Vatican, but no one really knows what any high ecclesiastic gets.
|
||
Pius XI declared in one of his speeches that the sum he got,
|
||
after two or three years haggling, from Mussolini as the price of
|
||
his silence was fixed by him as low as he could possibly make it
|
||
because the Italians (who would have to produce it) were his
|
||
children. It was more than $90,000,000, and each cardinal got his
|
||
income doubled at once. Seldes says that it is now about $5,000 a
|
||
year.
|
||
|
||
In Italy a tax-free income of $5,000 a year is equivalent to
|
||
a $20,000 a year income in America, but it is far higher. The
|
||
Italian cardinals are the Pope's cabinet, and they get the plums
|
||
in the way of special appointments, commissions, expenses, etc.
|
||
We shall see that most of the work of the crowd of officials on
|
||
the Vatican City is done through 13 departments of state (or
|
||
Congregations) besides various tribunals and other fixtures. I
|
||
will describe them in discussing finance. These Congregations,
|
||
which grant dispensation's, absolutions, solutions, etc., in the
|
||
name of the Pope, are the main channels of the Vatican's vast
|
||
income, and it would be interesting to know how much of the
|
||
stream of gold sticks to the fingers of the cardinals who preside
|
||
over them. You need not take it literally when you read that some
|
||
service rendered at the Vatican was "gratuitous." Its officials
|
||
could give lessons to the photographer who enlarges your
|
||
photograph "for nothing" and then charge& "$5 or $10 for the
|
||
frame. In the account of these Congregations in the Catholic
|
||
Encyclopedia you read that a cardinal presides over each. In the
|
||
much more reliable and semi-official annual Orbis Catholicus we
|
||
are told that the number of cardinals at the head of each is "not
|
||
generally less than ten or more than 35"; and do not imagine them
|
||
rushing to the job from the breakfast-table of a morning.
|
||
Millions of lire reach these Congregations, which are housed in a
|
||
massive palace, every month from all parts of the Catholic world,
|
||
though Italy itself is far from being the best customer.
|
||
|
||
But there are other sources of income. Here is one of which
|
||
you will not read mention anywhere. In 1935 Sir Thomas More,
|
||
Henry VIII's favorite wit until they quarreled and "the author of
|
||
more puns than all the rest of the saints put together, was
|
||
"canonized." The touching final ceremony was filmed, and you may
|
||
have seen the serried ranks of the crimson-caped Italian
|
||
cardinals who had gathered in the sanctuary to do honor to
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
14
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
Britain. A London priest in close touch with the authorities told
|
||
a friend of mine that each of these cardinals had demanded a fee
|
||
of $100 (English money) for that single appearance. The whole
|
||
business cost English Catholics, to the disgust of their
|
||
leader's, about $85,000 in all.
|
||
|
||
Such opportunities, or far more profitable ones, are common
|
||
enough, and we may be sure that cardinals who, through the Pope,
|
||
control an income of hundreds of millions of lire do not treat
|
||
themselves shabbily. But no one outside the inner circle knows
|
||
the facts. Writers on "the secrets of the Vatican" confess that
|
||
the secret of revenue and expenditure is impenetrable. Something
|
||
like 5,000 officials, monks, prelates, priests, impoverished
|
||
nobles, and grafters dip into the stream of gold but each knows
|
||
little more than his own business. The clerical officials of the
|
||
Vatican publicity-bureau are as venal as any in the world but
|
||
they do not know this secret.
|
||
|
||
That, then, is the central mechanism of the Italian Church
|
||
for controlling and exploiting the Catholic world. It is a pretty
|
||
system. The cardinals, reaching a deadlock in the fight of rival
|
||
schools, elect a glorified peasant, a bookworm, or a simple-
|
||
minded old prelate on whom they can rely for loyalty to the
|
||
Italian policy. As the older cardinals die out they discuss with
|
||
the Pope in their cabinet-meetings whom they will choose to fill
|
||
the vacant places. Foreigners are little represented at these
|
||
discussions and they would be in a hopeless minority if they
|
||
happened to be in Rome so the Italians settle which of their
|
||
archbishop's can safely be admitted to the inner circle. Italy
|
||
owns the Church. So it was in the days of Dante six centuries
|
||
ago: so it is in our age of wireless and wonder-planes.
|
||
|
||
And the Italians are determined that so it shall remain.
|
||
These American cardinals who come along with blustering
|
||
instructions from the Knights of Columbus about finance are a
|
||
pain in the neck to the Italians. They have to be humored, though
|
||
they sometimes complain of meeting discourtesy at the Vatican,
|
||
because they supply so very large a part of the Papal income, but
|
||
their idea of applying in so sacred a world the profane maxim
|
||
that taxation without adequate representation is tyranny is very
|
||
unsound Catholicism. It is true that their Italian is too
|
||
elementary to enable them to argue with the suave and foxy Roman
|
||
cardinals, but they can now draw upon their colleges and churches
|
||
in Rome.
|
||
|
||
The Italians, as I showed in the earlier books, have for 20
|
||
or 30 years met this democratic menace by extending the Church in
|
||
lands in which, they think, the people have not been bitten by
|
||
the bug of democracy. The British Catholic Teeling's very
|
||
temperate book, The Pope in Politics, takes its text from that
|
||
truth. The Church must be extended eastward as rapidly as
|
||
possible -- hence, as I explained, the stupid wooing of Russia
|
||
and Turkey, the chronic hostility to and readiness to injure
|
||
Greece, and the general support of the Eastern policy of the Axis
|
||
-- and the so-called Latin nations, thoroughly purged of modern
|
||
and democratic ideas by Petain, Franco, Salazar, and the South
|
||
American dictators, are to form a grand Catholic Fascist League.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
15
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
In all this the Vatican is not merely acting on a long out-
|
||
dated psychology. If one point is more humorous than another in
|
||
the conventional idea of the Vatican it is the claim that it has
|
||
"a profound and penetrating knowledge of human nature." The only
|
||
psychology it knows is a medieval corruption of that of Aristotle
|
||
which is about as valuable as a second-rate novelist's psychology
|
||
of woman. Scientific psychologists put it in the ash-can nearly a
|
||
century ago. These Vatican officials who cherish the theory that
|
||
orientals are "naturally submissive," that Russians and Slavs.
|
||
are "peaceful and docile" until they are confused by Bolshevik
|
||
agitators, and that the Latin-American folk have much the same
|
||
"nature," proceed on a racial psychology that belongs to the last
|
||
century. There is no "human nature," much less a permanent type
|
||
of national character, in modern psychology. There is only human
|
||
behavior, and you do not need any science to tell you how
|
||
rapidly, even in national masses, it can change. Russia, Germany,
|
||
and Italy in their different ways have illustrated the truth so
|
||
plainly in the last 20 years that one would have thought that
|
||
even an Italian priest could see it. One suspects, in fact, that
|
||
the Papal bureaucrats have their eye more on the knout in the
|
||
hands of the leaders of these "submissive" peoples than on their
|
||
"nature." The Italian priests are not really on the mental level
|
||
of Petain for simplicity.
|
||
|
||
But there is a second reason, not suspected by most writers
|
||
on the subject. Why the Vatican looks to these new extensions of
|
||
its power to counterbalance the detested democratic element which
|
||
the Americans. are bringing into the Church. Catholic provinces
|
||
in which there is not yet a fully constituted hierarchy are ruled
|
||
directly from Rome. They are foreign missions and are under the
|
||
Congregation of propaganda and its cardinals. It is an
|
||
arrangement that is more profitable to the Vatican -- it cuts out
|
||
the middle-men so to say -- and gives it a better chance to make
|
||
the Italian influence felt. The Vatican is, therefore, in no
|
||
hurry to establish new hierarchies. Even Briton remained under
|
||
the Propaganda Congregation until well into the 19th century. No
|
||
doubt, the new bodies of subjects of the Pope who are, it is
|
||
thought, to be won from the Orthodox Churches in the East are to
|
||
be kept as long as possible under Italian representatives of the
|
||
Roman caucus.
|
||
|
||
When the Catholic body in any country becomes large and rich
|
||
it presses for the establishment of a hierarchy of bishops under
|
||
one or more archbishops (or "chief" bishops). The early Church
|
||
had, in my opinion, bishops ("oversees" or superintendents)
|
||
before it had priests, at least in Rome, the sacerdotal idea
|
||
being developed late in the 2nd Century. However that may be,
|
||
bishops and archbishops, the Right Reverend Fathers and
|
||
Lordships, soon became indispensable elements of the clerical
|
||
structure that Rome was fabricating. The Church has today about
|
||
1,000 bishops, more than a quarter of whom are in the golden
|
||
land, Italy, and in one way or other share the financial
|
||
sunshine. A moral history of them would be even more unsavory
|
||
than that of the Popes and cardinals. The rich bishoprics and
|
||
archbishoprics of the medieval Church, which were often little
|
||
princedoms until the end of the feudal system, were obvious
|
||
prizes for the younger sons and bastards of princes and nobles,
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
16
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
and a remarkable procession of them crossed the stage of European
|
||
history. Down to the year of the Revolution the great French
|
||
prelates took not the least trouble to conceal their vices, and
|
||
there was considerable freedom in Italy, Austria, Spain,
|
||
Portugal, and South America. One must not refuse a measure of
|
||
sympathy to these rich clerics who found their world rudely torn
|
||
apart, their wines spilled and their mistresses scattered, by the
|
||
new species of men know as "the Reds."
|
||
|
||
With the growth of the deplorable "materialism of the 19th
|
||
Century" and the increase of Protestant or skeptical travelers in
|
||
Catholic countries the episcopal and archiepiscopal epicure's
|
||
were painfully compelled to part with the more graceful of the
|
||
luxuries of their palaces, though the tactless zeal of the late
|
||
Pope discovered scandals in Italy as recently as ten years ago.
|
||
Today in every country where Fascism has not extinguished liberty
|
||
the archbishop's must devote themselves soberly to the
|
||
supervising of a group of dioceses. They are the Gauleiter, the
|
||
regional representatives of the Fuhrer, in the Nazi-Papal system,
|
||
and their loyalty to the central caucus at Rome is easily secured
|
||
today. Time after time in history a national hierarchy, rooted in
|
||
the soil and intimately connected with the king and his
|
||
interests, have defied Rome and threatened to cut the cable.
|
||
Cardinal Richelieu seriously considered making the French Church
|
||
independent of Rome, and in Germany and Austria the hierarchy
|
||
have often defied, sometimes excommunicated, the Pope. In Italy
|
||
bishops and archbishops have cut up his troops . . .
|
||
|
||
That, as I have explained, cannot happen in modern times.
|
||
One of the differences between the course of sacred and that of
|
||
profane history since the French Revolution, a difference that
|
||
few historians care to notice, is that while secular monarchs
|
||
have ceased to be absolute or autocratic the Popes became more
|
||
and more absolute until, in the full 19th Century, the bishops
|
||
granted that claim of infallibility which Popes had failed to win
|
||
from the Church in earlier ages! But the Church is also more
|
||
sensitive about scandal. The gay medieval spirit, when a man
|
||
jovially told his neighbor that he "drank like a Pope" yet
|
||
contributed generously to Rome, has departed from Catholicism. A
|
||
page of medieval history which lingers in my memory tells how
|
||
when a certain pope was threatened (for the thousandth time) a
|
||
robust archbishop hastened to see him and assure him that his
|
||
(the archbishop's) five sons would fight for him. Gone are the
|
||
snows of yesteryear. But the Vatican has various ways of securing
|
||
the loyalty of the Gauleiter.
|
||
|
||
In the first place they are all appointed by Rome. Some of
|
||
the sternest struggles with rulers that the Vatican has waged
|
||
have been over this appointment of prelates. Rivers of blood
|
||
flowed over it in medieval Italy, and only recently Franco and
|
||
the Pope quarreled for a year about it. The Church never yields
|
||
any country or ruler more than the right to submit the names of a
|
||
few eligible men to the Vatican, which usually chooses one but
|
||
may refuse all. The qualifications for the office are very
|
||
varied. I remember that in my clerical days a British episcopal
|
||
See fell vacant and I heard my senior cynically repeat that the
|
||
essential qualification was to have a private income of $20,000 a
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
17
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
year. The main qualification, are skill in collecting money and
|
||
loyalty to the Italian system. The Vatican makes careful inquiry
|
||
on these points and listens very seriously to suspicions of
|
||
discontent. Fifty years ago I found it still a vivid tradition in
|
||
higher Church circles in London that Cardinal Manning repeatedly
|
||
and very truculently, on the occasion of his visits to Rome,
|
||
denounced Cardinal Newman for disloyalty.
|
||
|
||
Every archbishop and bishop must pay a periodical visit to
|
||
Rome and give the Secretary of State a close account of his work.
|
||
He would find it difficult to conceal any rebellious sentiment
|
||
from Italians whose scent of intrigue has been sharpened by
|
||
decades of practice; and they have a most courteous way of making
|
||
him feel that he is rather an inferior member of the Church. In
|
||
addition to this, Apostolic Delegates, Apostolic Visitors, etc.
|
||
-- lucrative little jobs for the Italians -- are sent
|
||
occasionally to every province of the Church to make more
|
||
searching inquiries. The Vatican has several classes of spies,
|
||
from the Nuncios or formal ambassadors who settle in the capitals
|
||
of various countries and cardinals who are sent abroad to preside
|
||
at Congresses and other special functions to minor but much more
|
||
inquisitive officials. Rebellious tendencies are toned down
|
||
without any scandal, which is the bugbear of the higher clergy,
|
||
the worst offense in the ecclesiastical code. Local prelates are
|
||
advised when and how to interfere with priests who stand out from
|
||
the common rut and attract public attention by political work.
|
||
Some ask in America why Rome was not informed long ago about the
|
||
campaign of Father Coughlin, as the bishops say that the Vatican
|
||
alone could silence him. You may be sure that the Vatican knows
|
||
almost as much about Coughlin as you do.
|
||
|
||
Here, again, is an instructive bit of experience. When I,
|
||
already a priest and a monk, went to Louvain University to study
|
||
philosophy and oriental languages I became fairly intimate with
|
||
my professor, Mercier, then the leading authority on philosophy
|
||
in the; Church and later known all over the world as Cardinal
|
||
Mercier. I was compelled to live in the monastery, but Mercier
|
||
invited me to live at his house, and I at least spent many hours
|
||
there with him. Having been commended to him by a very liberal
|
||
priest in London, I had his entire confidence and heard him use
|
||
very disdainful language about such vital doctrines as eternal
|
||
punishment. He was an advanced Modernist. Years later he became a
|
||
cardinal and whew the ignorant Pope Pius X made his truculent
|
||
attack on Modernism (or scholarship) in the Catholic Church I
|
||
read in Catholic literature that Mercier warmly supported him.
|
||
"Let there be no innovations," he said, on the most approved
|
||
Italian lines. And after his death I had to read (in Prati's
|
||
Popes and Cardinals of Modem Times, 1926) that he was "one of the
|
||
noblest characters the world has ever seen." Mercier had
|
||
described me in a long review of one of my books as a fallen
|
||
angel, an outcast.
|
||
|
||
Finally, here is an illustration from public life. American
|
||
prelates and priests began in the last century to claim that
|
||
their Church was distinctively American, and so it was useless to
|
||
quote against it what Catholics were saying or doing in other
|
||
parts of the world. The Vatican sent an Apostolic Delegate to
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
18
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
study the matter and, as it had not yet realized the full
|
||
financial potentialities of the New World, it took normal action.
|
||
In a published letter to Cardinal Gibbons in 1899 the Pope
|
||
sternly, in fact disdainfully, condemned what he called
|
||
"Americanism"; by which he meant precisely that modification of
|
||
the Roman teaching which apologists now put before the public as
|
||
Catholic social and political ethic's. Later Popes were more
|
||
sensitive of American generosity, and the apologists are now
|
||
permitted to say that these principles are not only sound
|
||
American but sound Roman, because Jefferson a dogmatic
|
||
Materialist and his blasphemers friend John Adams learned them
|
||
from Catholic theologians!
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter III
|
||
|
||
THE COMMON OR GARDEN FATHERS
|
||
|
||
Do I, in speaking of the Fuhrer and the Gauleiters of the
|
||
Roman Church, suggest that it has some resemblance in structure
|
||
to that most despised and most hated corporation, the Nazi Party?
|
||
Certainly, a very close resemblance. It is an autocracy tempered
|
||
with an informal council of consultants. Its center in Rome
|
||
corresponds closely to the Nazi center in Berlin. Its regional
|
||
rulers are representatives of the Fuhrer and subject to his
|
||
control. Its aim is the same and the acquisition of power and
|
||
money -- and it clothes the aim in a profession of concern for
|
||
civilization just as the Nazi leaders clothe theirs. It is just
|
||
as convinced as they that the education of its subjects must be
|
||
monopolistic and not suffer the voice of a critic to be heard. It
|
||
realizes the hypnotic value of an incessantly repeated phrase
|
||
like "God Bless our Pope" (Heil Hitler) and "the Holy Father" and
|
||
an untroubled outpour of eulogies of "our Holy Faith." And it has
|
||
its Gestapo and other agents scattered over every country which
|
||
it has conquered or hopes to conquer: quarter of a million
|
||
priests, a vast army of monks and nuns, and an immense body of
|
||
"technical experts" (journalists, teachers, writers, paid agents,
|
||
organizers, etc.).
|
||
|
||
The cream of this vast international service consists of the
|
||
body of priests and dignitaries (canons, monsignori, etc.) below
|
||
the level of bishops: the Gestapo men. How they work, and how
|
||
here again there is a close resemblance to Nazi methods -- except
|
||
that the priests use threats of hell instead of Dachau -- we
|
||
shall consider thoroughly in the next book, but we must have a
|
||
short chapter on them here to complete our study of the structure
|
||
of the Church.
|
||
|
||
How many there are in the world I do not find stated in any
|
||
official or semi-official publication. One Catholic writer says
|
||
100,000, but there are more than that number in France, Germany,
|
||
and the United States, which contain only one-fifth of the
|
||
world's total of Catholics. They are very unevenly distributed.
|
||
France, which has less than 10,000,000 Catholics, and probably
|
||
not more than 6,000,000, has 51,000 priests: Brazil, which claims
|
||
46,000,000 Catholics, has only 4,000. Eire has 5,000 and Holland
|
||
2,000 to the same number of people. If you have a scientific eye
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
19
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
you will notice a relation between the number of priests and the
|
||
amount of money extractable or the comfort of the priests' life.
|
||
Brazil is, taking it by and large, a land of paupers, whole vast
|
||
areas of Indian-populated country being almost abandoned. France,
|
||
though the number of its Catholics has been reduced to about one-
|
||
fifth of the population since 1870, is a land of sleek priests. A
|
||
witty French work describes a father who has paid for a clerical
|
||
education for his son and has just seen him ordained saying to
|
||
him: "Now settle down, my boy, and get fat." Eire has much the
|
||
same conditions. America feeds its 35,000 priests generously. Let
|
||
us say that there seems to be, roundly, about quarter of a
|
||
million priests serving the interests of the Italian caucus all
|
||
over the world,
|
||
|
||
Each of these priests is, like the Gestapo men, a pocket
|
||
edition of the head Dictator. Once a week he become's an oracle,
|
||
on any subject on which he chooses to orate, and even the best
|
||
educated man in the church must not frown at the insipidity of
|
||
his sermon or the absurdity of his statements. Periodically he
|
||
preaches on the priesthood, and he sternly insists that
|
||
Catholic's must look to the character (in the ecclesiastical
|
||
sense) not the person of a priest. He is miles removed from them
|
||
because he can by a few words convert a bit of paste into the
|
||
living body of Jesus and can forgive sins or drive out devils. He
|
||
does not mind much if some of the richer members, with higher
|
||
education, decline to take this literally provided they never
|
||
breathe their heresy except to each other. He learns about them
|
||
from their wives. He can enter any Catholic home he likes any
|
||
afternoon and demand an answer to any question he likes. If there
|
||
are no children or only one or two he must know if the smallness
|
||
of the family is a work of nature or of art. If the children do
|
||
not attend his school he peremptorily orders an immediate change.
|
||
If a daughter goes out with a non-Catholic young man he breaks
|
||
the friendship or exacts a secret promise that she will leave her
|
||
husband no peace unless all the children become Catholics. If he
|
||
sees a book written by a critic of the Church he puts it on the
|
||
fire. He must know if the husband goes to church and confession
|
||
regularly or ever attends anti-Catholic meetings; and he may
|
||
suggest an intimate treatment for bringing him to heel. . . .
|
||
|
||
But we shall see all this in the next book. Where the
|
||
priests differ from the Gestapo is in their infinite variety. In
|
||
theory and in the opinion of many there is still an analogy. All
|
||
the Gestapo men are sadists: all the priests are deeply
|
||
religious, very wise or sagacious, and uniformly of a beautiful
|
||
nature, like the priests of whom you read in Catholic novels or
|
||
see in the films which the Church persuades Hollywood
|
||
occasionally that it is worth while producing. In the flesh
|
||
priests differ just like any other body of men. There are even
|
||
total abstainers amongst them, though drink is the chief
|
||
alleviation of their condition at which the Church connives.
|
||
Catholics who live in parishes which are served by priests who
|
||
belong to certain religious orders will tell you how it is
|
||
impossible to persuade one of them to take a drink. They do not
|
||
know that in order to edify the people, such priests are very
|
||
sternly forbidden by their rulers to drink outside their
|
||
monastery and in their own parish; but they may have their
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
20
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
revenge when they get home. Other priests use their judgment.
|
||
Visiting an Irish or otherwise jovial family that likes the
|
||
"Father O'Flynn" type of priest they will drink or joke freely,
|
||
yet carry a long face to the next house.
|
||
|
||
In short, the most drastic element of their training is to
|
||
accommodate their external behavior to their environment. The
|
||
non-Catholic who assures you that he has met priests in the homes
|
||
of Catholic friends and that it is the sheerest nonsense to
|
||
compare these frank, genial, so very human personalities to the
|
||
sour and vicious Gestapo men is foolish. The priest is in such
|
||
circumstances just as compelled to display a professional
|
||
geniality and broadmindedness as the Gestapo man is bound by his
|
||
office to be mean and overbearing. That priest, we shall see,
|
||
believes in the right of "mental reservation" -- saying one thing
|
||
with your lips and another in your mind -- is intolerant of other
|
||
creeds to his marrow, and has a more despotic authority over his
|
||
own people than the President of the United States.
|
||
|
||
Catholics themselves do not know the character of their
|
||
priests. I have in my travels met many ex-priests and compared
|
||
notes with them. There was a general agreement that the majority
|
||
of priests are skeptical in some degree, often completely
|
||
skeptical, but their people never suspect it. I lived from the
|
||
age of five to fifteen under the shadow of a monastery. My
|
||
childish impression of the priests, whom, as the star pupil of
|
||
their school, I knew well, are, of course, worthless, but I knew
|
||
what my elders thought of them. They were all believed to be well
|
||
above the average in character. They induced me to join the
|
||
fraternity, and ten years later I lived with them and really knew
|
||
them. Not one was above the average in character, and several
|
||
were far below it. One who had in my earlier years been regarded
|
||
by all the Catholics of the district as particularly holy and
|
||
ascetic, turned out to be an incurable dipsomaniac, an appalling
|
||
liar, and woman-chaser and had, though this step is taken with
|
||
extreme reluctance on account of the possibility of its becoming
|
||
known, to be expelled from the brotherhood. Another I found to be
|
||
quite well known to his colleagues as a seducer of girls. A
|
||
third, a robust man of considerable talent, became half-insane
|
||
through brooding over sex and the eccentric acts to which this
|
||
led in his relation's with women. A fourth, my immediate superior
|
||
for years though I had not the least suspicion of his character
|
||
and state of mind, bolted with all the money in the monastery and
|
||
was traced to a low cabaret in Brussels. Nearly all drank
|
||
generously and were of a poor type of character.
|
||
|
||
The newest approach to a generalization on "the morals of
|
||
the priests" that I have been able to reach is that a small
|
||
minority -- hardly one in ten -- has the type of character and
|
||
the sincerity of religious feeling which are demanded by their
|
||
vows and position and are attributed to them by the laity. The
|
||
remainder vary as much as any other group of men, at least half
|
||
of them, probably much more, being unfaithful to their vows, and
|
||
just fitting as much comfort as they can into the dreary life to
|
||
which they committed themselves when they were boys or youths. It
|
||
matters little how many priests misconduct themselves with their
|
||
servantq or lady-parishioners or make periodical trips in semi-
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
21
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
disguise to the nearest city. The main point is that the
|
||
overwhelming majority are not in the least "spiritual," to use
|
||
the favorite word of those who take transcendental views on these
|
||
matters. "Holy" Orders are just part of the hypnotic phraseology,
|
||
constantly repeated -- like the excellence of soap or soup that
|
||
stamps itself on the mind by lavish advertising -- which the
|
||
Church has found so useful. Holy Father, Holy Mother the Church,
|
||
Holy Land, Holy Faith, and so on. Since, other Churches do not
|
||
use this phraseology the Catholic gets a naive idea that his own
|
||
Church is admitted to be unique and therefore not bound by the
|
||
ordinary laws of honesty and mutual tolerance. It is unique only
|
||
in its scheme of self-laudation.
|
||
|
||
The mediocrity of character of the vast majority of the
|
||
priests is easily understood. They are mostly men who, if they
|
||
did not wear costumes that are supposed to indicate a moral
|
||
superiority to the rest of us and if they did not arrogate the
|
||
right to a moral censorship of the lives, tastes, and
|
||
entertainments of the whole community, not merely of Catholics,
|
||
would pass as ordinary decent citizens. The system has in some
|
||
respects distorted their character, and their official status
|
||
makes them hypocritical. An Irishman, whom I know well and upon
|
||
whose word I can entirely rely, told me that he and two others
|
||
entered into conversation with a priest in a train in western
|
||
Ireland. The conversation gradually warmed and in the end, as
|
||
they approached a town, the priest invited them to join him in
|
||
visiting a lady with two daughters in the town and promised very
|
||
intimate entertainment. If that priest had been talking to an
|
||
English traveler his language would have been very edifying. As a
|
||
rule they need not practice much hypocrisy in Eire, Italy, Spain,
|
||
etc. -- I have even in Melbourne seen a young Irish priest in a
|
||
hotel leave the bar and, with a wink at the barmaid, who followed
|
||
him, go upstairs -- and even in some American cities, such as
|
||
Chicago and Boston, they have now such power as to ignore the
|
||
fear of scandal. In Spain until a few years ago priests
|
||
advertised in the papers for "companions," and in South America
|
||
they quite openly frequented brothel's.
|
||
|
||
The situation is, as I said, intelligible. It is part of the
|
||
Catholic myth that priests are men who in their youth felt a
|
||
supernatural "vocation" to serve the altar; though in recent
|
||
years I have seen clerical advertisements in Australian papers
|
||
advising youths that the "vocation" will probably come after they
|
||
have entered upon ecclesiastical studies. The wintry atmosphere
|
||
of the modern world (from the Church angle) in such countries as
|
||
America and Britain stunts the annual crop of vocations, and what
|
||
usually happens is that parish priests or teachers mark out boys
|
||
as suitable, and the great advantages and privilege's of the
|
||
priesthood -- it is the same for monks and nuns -- are impressed
|
||
upon them. Having had the charge of such boys for years, in
|
||
addition to my knowledge of my fellow-students, I am familiar
|
||
with their psychology. Becoming priests means rising to a level
|
||
of comfort and especially of social prestige which they would
|
||
otherwise never attain. Possibly in later adolescence the
|
||
unnaturalness of the celibate life will be felt by them but even
|
||
if they are already irrevocably pledged, it is too late. A
|
||
Catholic youth requires rare moral courage to go back to his
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
22
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
home-district as one who drew back from "the call." In any case
|
||
the social prestige of the priestly order, the flattering
|
||
attentions of a peculiarly large circle of girls and women, the
|
||
chances of becoming a notable preacher or rising to a higher
|
||
dignity, still beckon. Where the age-old experience of the Roman
|
||
Church does tell is in devising effective systems of this kind.
|
||
|
||
Moral mediocrity is in most cases doubled with intellectual
|
||
mediocrity. The boys attracted today are as a rule from the
|
||
farming, the immigrant, or some similar class. Such bodies of
|
||
priests as the Jesuits, who have higher colleges, are supposed to
|
||
select their brightest pupils and carefully inspire them with a
|
||
"vocation." The utter mediocrity of Jesuit literature in modern
|
||
times, especially when we reflect that they have more leisure
|
||
than most priests, shows how false this is. The general level of
|
||
intelligence of a class of ecclesiastical students is poor. And
|
||
the system of education is calculated to restrain the development
|
||
of the more intelligent. The year or two of preparatory study,
|
||
mostly of Latin and Greek, leaves them with no idea of a real
|
||
classical education. Not one priest in hundreds could read
|
||
Tacitus or Martial in Latin, and still less keep up their very
|
||
elementary knowledge of Greek. After that the years of study are
|
||
stupefying. Two years, perhaps, are devoted to studying a system
|
||
of philosophy which is beneath the contempt of philosophers (and
|
||
quickly forgotten) and three or four to systems of moral and
|
||
dogmatic theology and spiritual study on Fundamentalist lines. In
|
||
the rare seminaries in which science or general history is taught
|
||
it is ruthlessly emasculated. My professor of philosophy
|
||
illustrated a point by alleging the mystery of the distance of
|
||
the moon from the earth, and I contracted my first suspicion of
|
||
rebelliousness by speaking out and telling him the distance.
|
||
|
||
The great majority forget even these acquirements as rapidly
|
||
as the youth or girl forgets the lessons of the primary and the
|
||
high school. They are abysmally ignorant from the viewpoint of
|
||
modern culture. Their reading, when they read at all, is
|
||
generally confined to articles in Catholic weeklies and monthlies
|
||
and the cheaper Catholic literature. They protest that no book-
|
||
learning is required for the discharge of their functions.
|
||
Theoretically the Catholic youth who has felt doubt from
|
||
conversation with non-Catholics or from indiscreet and forbidden
|
||
reading is supposed to lay the matter before the priest in
|
||
confessing his sins. In practice he looks for an apologetic work
|
||
or consults the Catholic Encyclopedia. He might as well consult a
|
||
professional politician, even on points of ecclesiastical
|
||
history, as a priest. Few priests have even an elementary
|
||
knowledge of science, philosophy, economics, literature, or art.
|
||
The innumerable writers of the Church have, they say, relieved
|
||
them of responsibility in this respect, and the daily round of
|
||
their functions requires only a minimum of professional
|
||
knowledge. This life is really mechanical: the daily celebration
|
||
of Mass (which it would take you an hour to read and they run
|
||
through in 25 minutes), recital of their office (which is
|
||
gabbled, with lips only, at more than 200 words a minute and
|
||
without any attention to the meaning), the pleasant visits to the
|
||
brighter homes of parishioners in the afternoon, and the services
|
||
or society-meetings after dinner. The priest of the Catholic
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
23
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
novel, or of the novelist who aims to conciliate Catholics -- the
|
||
wise, placid, far-seeing priest who drops such pearls of wisdom
|
||
-- is a myth. Few priests could read an article in a scientific,
|
||
philosophical, or economic journal. Mercier once lent me, when I
|
||
was studying at Louvain, Paul Janet's work Les causm finales. The
|
||
friars, who regarded with deep suspicion mt intimacy with the
|
||
future cardinal, reported me for reading works on necromancy or
|
||
spiritualism or something of that kind. Mereier spoke about them
|
||
to me exactly as I am speaking here.
|
||
|
||
These are the men who, like the Gestapo in Germany, and most
|
||
of Europe, make the final application of the Italian system to
|
||
the millions of the Pope's subjects. They differ, naturally, in
|
||
different countries. A priest in rural Brazil, Portugal, or
|
||
Poland, who tells his people that practically all Britons and
|
||
Americans, being Protestant, are damned or a priest in Eire who
|
||
tells a young man, with a loud crack of the clerical whip, that
|
||
he will not marry him or let any other priest marry him for less
|
||
than $40, would not prosper in Boston, or San Francisco. But we
|
||
shall see enough of this, and of the prudent adaptation of
|
||
Catholic teaching in countries in which the Church is in a
|
||
minority, in later books. It is enough here that this is the
|
||
machinery by means of which a broad Papal policy, such as the
|
||
libelling of Russia and Communism, is stamped upon the minds of
|
||
millions. With the priests, as I said, cooperate vast crowds of
|
||
monks, nuns, religious brothers, journalists, teachers, etc., but
|
||
these general remarks will suffice for my present purpose.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter IV
|
||
|
||
THE MONEY-BOX
|
||
|
||
It is more important to understand, as far as one can, the
|
||
financial system of the Church of Rome. I have said that the
|
||
analogy to the Nazi party is completed by an identity of aim: the
|
||
protection or augmentation of the power and Wealth of the Black
|
||
International. Naturally the primary and general aim is wealth. A
|
||
certain number of the abler members of the clerical army have
|
||
that peculiar itching of the mind, so morbidly developed in
|
||
Hitler and Mussolini and the Japanese leaders, which is called
|
||
the Lust for power, but I leave that to psycho-analysts and
|
||
concentrate on the acquisition of wealth.
|
||
|
||
I have already met the charge that in presenting the Roman
|
||
Church in this light, as an economic corporation that is
|
||
primarily concerned to keep up and enlarge the numbers of its
|
||
contributing members, I am ignoring nine-tenths of the life of
|
||
the Church and fastening upon a purely formal and superficial
|
||
resemblance to secular corporations. The man who, usually with an
|
||
air of superiority, charges me with this, really confirms the
|
||
analogy I have traced between the Roman Church and the Nazi
|
||
party, for what he says for the Roman clergy is much the same as
|
||
what we heard from the Nazi leaders a few years ago when the
|
||
secret of their wealth was made public. Their primary aim, they
|
||
said, indignantly, was not to acquire wealth either for
|
||
themselves or the German people but to impress upon the world a
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
24
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
new ideology which would inspire a greater civilization and, by
|
||
conquest, ensure that the exceptionally gifted German race should
|
||
have the power to protest it. Your amiable professor or literary
|
||
man retorts that they were lying by the clock. But all he knows
|
||
about the primary aim of the priests, prelates, and popes of the
|
||
Roman Church comes, similarly, from themselves, and he knows
|
||
nothing about their character except what they tell him. He
|
||
refuses to read the Works in which I give hundreds of
|
||
illustrations of their untruthfulness, insincerity, or duplicity
|
||
in propaganda. He refuses to believe the assurance of men like
|
||
myself who have lived intimately among them for years that their
|
||
body is saturated with skepticism and very poor in what he calls
|
||
spirituality.
|
||
|
||
Another type of critic asks me why I fasten on the Roman
|
||
clergy when all clerical corporations are in the same position.
|
||
But the reason ought to be clear. I have proved that the three
|
||
bandit-nations had very grave encouragement and assistance from
|
||
the Black International in preparing and launching upon the world
|
||
their avalanche of brutal fury and greed. That sets Roman far
|
||
apart from other Churches. You may heavily blame the Lutheran
|
||
Church in Germany for supporting the Nazis or the Buddhist
|
||
priests in Japan for helping the treacherous and callous leaders
|
||
of their country, but the guilt of this is immeasurably less than
|
||
the evil done by the world-wide and hypocritical action of the
|
||
Black International.
|
||
|
||
There is a further difference. Numbers of Protestant
|
||
ministers have told me not merely that they themselves reject
|
||
Christian dogmas but that such rejection is very widespread in
|
||
their body. They claim that for all that they are "doing good"
|
||
and will remain in their Churches. But skepticism about the
|
||
ideology which they preach is bound to be far more widespread in
|
||
the Roman clergy, and the unnatural life to which the Church
|
||
binds them gives it a more cynical tinge. What, in a word, is the
|
||
essence of the Catholic claim to such superiority over other
|
||
Churches that you must excuse their arrogance and intolerance?
|
||
They have had to abandon the idea, which they still held a
|
||
generation ago, that "outside the ark" (their Church) there was
|
||
no possibility of salvation, but they insist that their Church,
|
||
with its "real presence" of Christ in the consecrated wafer, its
|
||
priests who can absolve from sin and its punishment, its "Holy
|
||
Orders" and infallible Pope, makes it far easier and surer to
|
||
attain salvation. From the viewpoint of the modern educated man
|
||
or woman, Theist or Atheist, that is a crass and childish
|
||
superstition. It belongs essentially to the Middle Ages and
|
||
easily breaks down even in the mind of priests who read nothing
|
||
more stimulating to the intelligence than Catholic weeklies and
|
||
detective novels.
|
||
|
||
Professional men are, from the economist's angle, men who
|
||
sell services to the community just as others sell commodities.
|
||
Priests sell their services in this sense. They are an economic
|
||
corporation like lawyers or doctors. But there is the mighty
|
||
difference that, while all the world acknowledges the value of
|
||
other professional services, at least four-fifths of the educated
|
||
world regards with disdain those services which the Catholic
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
25
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
Church claims to be peculiar to itself. The readiness of so many
|
||
to say that we must look to their moral and social service is due
|
||
either to lack of will or of leisure to make an exact study of
|
||
such services, in which case the scientific ideal should compel
|
||
them to be silent, or to even less respectable motives. I have
|
||
shown repeatedly in detailed an of every aspect of social conduct
|
||
-- and later books of this series will consider some -- that the
|
||
Church renders no such service to civilization; and the preceding
|
||
ten books have shown that its disservice immensely outweighs any
|
||
such service that it could plausibly claim. It sells to
|
||
200,000,000 folk services that are in the conviction of the
|
||
modern world as fraudulent as those of any charlatan, and the
|
||
price it gets for its services will astonish the reader. We ought
|
||
here to take into account the funded wealth as well as the annual
|
||
income of the Black International or -- since the laity have no
|
||
share whatever in the wealth -- of the clergy, higher and lower,
|
||
in every country as well as in Rome. A large work would be
|
||
required to cover that field, and we must here restrict ourselves
|
||
to the income of the Vatican or the Pope and his Italian
|
||
satellites and servants. The reader should, however, not forget
|
||
that this Roman annual income is only a tithe of what the
|
||
200,000,000 Catholics pay for the services of their clergy. The
|
||
Church in the United States is computed to have a wealth of
|
||
$4,000,000,000 and an income, of at least $800,000,000, a large
|
||
part of which is annually invested and adds to the mountain of
|
||
wealth. The Church in Germany, or (mainly) in those provinces of
|
||
Germany which did not leave the Church at the Reformation, was
|
||
equally wealthy until the Nazis began to take over schools and
|
||
institutions. The Church in Spain is estimated to have had until
|
||
recent years more than two-thirds of all the money and one-third
|
||
of all the real estate in the country. This is an estimate by a
|
||
Catholic Spanish bishop. Another Catholic writer illustrated its
|
||
wealth by saying that $7,500,000 worth of candles and incense
|
||
were burned in Spanish churches every year, and that the jewels
|
||
on one statue of the Virgin at Toledo were worth $100,000.
|
||
American writers computed that before the Philippines were taken
|
||
over the Church squeezed 113,000,000 pesetas a year out of the
|
||
poor people.
|
||
|
||
Here, however, I have space only to give some idea of the
|
||
income of the Papacy, which more closely concerns us. Every
|
||
writer who touches on the subject observes that the total and the
|
||
details are kept a strict secret by the Vatican officials. Pius
|
||
XI is admired because he introduced expert accountants into the
|
||
Vatican. As I said, the attitude to finance was to that time so
|
||
slovenly and the graft so general that although in recent decades
|
||
the income has been hundreds of millions of dollars a year the
|
||
treasury was empty at the death of Pius X and almost empty at the
|
||
death of Benedict XV. Admiration is hardly the sentiment with
|
||
which in such circumstances we regard the action of Pius XI, but
|
||
whatever improvement there has been the secrecy is still strictly
|
||
maintained. It is, in fact, very doubtful if the Vatican draws
|
||
up, even for the information of the Pope and the Secretary of
|
||
State alone, a balance-sheet which shows the total annual income.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
26
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
In an earlier booklet I said that G. Seldes (The Vatican),
|
||
who has an interesting chapter on Vatican finance, puts the total
|
||
at a billion dollars. His book is so favorable to Catholicism and
|
||
won such recommendation from American Catholics that I concluded,
|
||
until I read his more recent and more critical work, The Catholic
|
||
Crisis, that he was probably a member of the Church and therefore
|
||
not likely to exaggerate its income. Almost the only thing which
|
||
the Black International and its admirers do not exaggerate is the
|
||
revenue of the Church. But hiving had occasion to consult my
|
||
notes again I found that I misquoted Seldes. He did not say a
|
||
billion dollars but a billion lire (and a lire at par is little
|
||
over one-fifth of a dollar).
|
||
|
||
I ought therefore for once to apologize for an inaccuracy
|
||
but there are circumstances which dispense me. Seldes stated on
|
||
the age of his work that the "historical section" of it is based
|
||
a work by two French Catholics, London and Pichon, Le Vatican et
|
||
le monde moderne. But his book is a translation not merely of the
|
||
historical part but of the whole of the French work, though with
|
||
very large and useful additions. The paragraph from which I
|
||
quoted is a literal translation from the French -- but with an
|
||
alteration of four letters which makes a mountainous difference.
|
||
London and Pichon do not say that the total annual income of the
|
||
Vatican must be "a billion lire" but "billions of lire." When you
|
||
are thinking in billions it really makes a material difference
|
||
whether you say "one" or "several." The common-sense
|
||
interpretation of the expression used by the French Catholic
|
||
experts is that annual income of the Vatican (several billion
|
||
lire) must be between half a billion and a billion dollars.
|
||
|
||
On one other point in this connection I should warn the
|
||
reader that Seldes's book, valuable as it is, is misleading. He
|
||
enlarges on the severe loss to the Papal treasury (which he
|
||
exaggerates) when Italy took from it the Papal State's or the
|
||
Pope's kingdom in Central Italy. It is not very clear how they
|
||
yielded something between five and ten million dollars a year to
|
||
the Pope when they were miserably poor, administered (by priests)
|
||
with gross inefficiency and graft, and loaded with debt. However
|
||
the point is that the loans were loans to the Papal Court, raised
|
||
from extortionate bankers not for expenditure on the provinces
|
||
but on the Court; and the Italian government, though by 50 to 1
|
||
the inhabitants voted for removal from the Pope's rule, and
|
||
conquerors are scarcely in the habit of giving compensation even
|
||
for provinces taken against the will of the inhabitants, at once
|
||
offered the Pope the compensation of 3,250,000 lire a year.
|
||
Seldes does not clearly explain this but quotes (p. 247) the
|
||
rather dishonest and certainly stupid complaint of Cardinal
|
||
Vaughan: "The robber's refused to take over the burdens with the
|
||
stolen provinces." The provinces eagerly joined the new kingdom
|
||
of Italy: the debts were on the security of the provinces but not
|
||
for, use in them: and the robbers offered such compensation or
|
||
price for the provinces that the accumulated interest in 1929,
|
||
which was handed over to the Papacy, amounted to more than
|
||
$90,000,000!
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
27
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
This vast sum, which was really the price of the Pope's
|
||
silence when Mussolini thought fit to begin his brutal
|
||
aggressions, ought to be today one of the chief sources of the
|
||
Vatican's income. Nearly half of it was given in bonds of the
|
||
Italian, State, and though the Italians themselves lose a
|
||
colossal sum by their loans to the practically bankrupt state,
|
||
one suspects that Mussolini finds it prudent to pay the Pope's
|
||
share of the interest. It certainly gives the Papacy a very acute
|
||
interest in the maintenance of Fascism, for if Socialists
|
||
obtained power they would assuredly repudiate the dishonorable
|
||
bargain. The remainder of the bribe was paid in cash. Part of it
|
||
is still in bullion in the Vatican treasury, and a very large
|
||
part was invested by the Papacy in French and Hungarian railways:
|
||
which gave the Papacy a stake in the stability of those countries
|
||
or a lively concern to see them paralyze Socialism and Communism.
|
||
I have been informed from America that the Papacy gets its agents
|
||
to invest the greater part in the richer interest-bearing
|
||
enterprises of the States -- the depression was not yet in sight
|
||
-- and that it was buried under the snow-storm of the fall of
|
||
that year (1929). I offer no guarantee whatever of the soundness
|
||
of this statement.
|
||
|
||
Since we know nothing about those new account-books of the
|
||
Vatican we can see only that this sum ought to yield at least
|
||
$5,000,000 a year and of itself makes the Pope a multi-
|
||
millionaire. But the Vatican, which is not subject to common
|
||
human laws, can have its cake and eat it too. As soon as the
|
||
first of the Papal provinces were taken from it by the Italian
|
||
armies and the emphatic. provinces vote of the inhabitants the
|
||
Pope sent out an agonizing call to the whole Catholic world.
|
||
Catholics must save him from beggary -- you may remember that it
|
||
was at this time that Cardinal Antonelli, born in a peasant's
|
||
hut, amassed a fortune of $20,000,000 -- by contributing to an
|
||
annual collection called Peter's Pence. In the Middle Ages this
|
||
had meant a fixe Papal tax of a penny (then a quite respectable
|
||
coin) on every Catholic hearth in the world, but it was now a
|
||
voluntary collection to which rich and poor contributed according
|
||
to their means. Within a few years it was yielding $4,000,000 a
|
||
year. The latest figures I find are that it was yielding about
|
||
$5,000,000 before the depression of 1929 began, and Catholics
|
||
boast that, whoever starved in the new era, the present to the
|
||
Papacy was maintained.
|
||
|
||
The main source of income is, however, the price of the
|
||
administrative work of the Vatican, just as the payment for the
|
||
services of the cardinals, priests, and officials employed in it
|
||
is the chief item of expenditure. The work is, as I said, divided
|
||
between 13 Congregations, which correspond to Departments of
|
||
State in a secular government, and few people have an idea of its
|
||
volume. In any large and international business it is a fixed
|
||
principle that the supreme or control office shall not be
|
||
bothered with queries and solutions of difficulties that are
|
||
within the competence of branch officials. In the Roman Church it
|
||
is rather the reverse. All over the world bishops and priests
|
||
have to encourage appeals to Rome, even on such matters as
|
||
whether Mrs. Smith in some small town in America may send her
|
||
children in exceptional circumstances to a National School and
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
28
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
whether her daughter may marry a second or third cousin or a
|
||
Protestant. Marriage, in fact, which the Church professes to have
|
||
raised to the rank of a sacrament in the interest of
|
||
civilization, is one of the most lucrative interests of the Black
|
||
International. It is hedged about with restrictions from which a
|
||
dispensation must be obtained from Rome. The Catholic must not
|
||
marry one who is related to him or her, either by blood or
|
||
marriage within the fourth degree. A dispensation is needed to
|
||
marry a non-Catholic, and disputes arise about the validity of
|
||
the marriage as its consummation which may lead to causes
|
||
celebres, costing thousands of dollars, at the Roman Tribunals.
|
||
The amazing procedure in this connection will have to be
|
||
considered at length in a later book, but the non-Catholic who
|
||
imagines that matrimony is a simple matter in the Roman Church --
|
||
that the priest links you to a man or woman you remain linked for
|
||
life -- is very far astray. And this is only one source of the
|
||
petitions and cases that are submitted daily to the "Sacred
|
||
Congregationi" of Cardinals it Rome.
|
||
|
||
A conservative detailed account of their work will be found
|
||
in the Catholic Encyclopedia, and it is hardly necessary to warn
|
||
the reader that when a service is described as gratuitous you
|
||
understand the word as certain eminent amateurs of sport or
|
||
aristocratic dames who give their names to charities understand
|
||
it. There are always "expenses." When Count Marconi got a
|
||
declaration of the nullity of his marriage (which was blessed by
|
||
the Holy Ghost with several children) to Miss O'Brien (19 years
|
||
earlier) so that he could marry a Catholic countess and merely
|
||
paid "the expenses" one wonders whether they happened to be less
|
||
than $50,000. I have spoken of the canonization of Sir Thomas
|
||
More when the British Catholics were presented with a bill for
|
||
expenses (including a massive gold chalice as souvenir for the
|
||
Pope) amounting to $85,000. Such plums are rare, but the great
|
||
volume of ordinary work and consultation by priests all over the
|
||
world carries with it a very large total sum of money.
|
||
|
||
There is no need here to list the Congregations and analyze
|
||
their work. First of them is the Holy Office, once the dreaded
|
||
Inquisition and now a very tame bureau of sleek priests for
|
||
granting, for a consideration, certain classes of matrimonial
|
||
dispensations. The second, the Congregation of the Consistory,
|
||
primarily has to organize the Papal election (Consistory) but
|
||
this would give the cardinals -- and official's too meager a
|
||
share of the Papal income, and they now arrange the formation of
|
||
new dioceses and the difficulties of bishop's in their dioceses,
|
||
receive reports of the titled spies whom the Vatican sends about
|
||
the world, grant (sell) ecclesiastical distinctions, etc. The
|
||
Congregation of the Sacraments has a very busy time hearing
|
||
doubts and disputes about the administration of the seven
|
||
sacraments, especially (except in regard to mixed marriages)
|
||
matrimony, all over the world. A bishop cannot allow priests to
|
||
say Mass outside the prescribed hours or places or make other
|
||
alterations of the ritual without its permission. The
|
||
Congregation of the Council takes over the innumerable questions
|
||
that are grouped under "discipline," both of the secular clergy
|
||
and the laity; granting, dispensations from or modifications of
|
||
the law of fasting and abstinence, hearing cases of
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
29
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
irregularities, and so on; while the next Congregation on the
|
||
list discharges this enormous task in regard to monks and nuns.
|
||
-- The Congregation of Propaganda takes care of all missionary
|
||
fields and administers all Catholic provinces where there is not
|
||
yet a hierarchy (which it is in no hurry to establish) and the
|
||
Congregation of the Index helps out its shrinking income by now
|
||
attending to questions of liturgy and canonization. These are
|
||
only half the departments, and behind them are three Tribunals
|
||
(or lucrative courts of appeal for the wealthy) and various
|
||
"Offices," but what I have said will suffice to give some idea of
|
||
the immense volume of work. All experts agree that these furnish
|
||
the largest element of the Papal income.
|
||
|
||
Probably the next largest element consists of gifts to the
|
||
Pope or St. Peters. A Catholic -- if I ever have such a reader --
|
||
would wince when I rather flippantly described on an earlier page
|
||
the usual tariff for the privilege of "seeing the Pope," but,
|
||
except that non-Catholics of distinction are at times admitted to
|
||
interviews without fee for political reasons, this is the
|
||
recognized practice. Seldes gives a dollar each as the
|
||
contribution of the poorer American pilgrims who stand in a
|
||
bunch, open-mouthed, at some distance from the Pope. All are
|
||
"expected" to pay, and as pilgrims from France, Spain, Italy,
|
||
etc., in the summer often run to 1,000 or 2,000 the total sum is
|
||
large -- what rich American and British Catholics who "talk" to
|
||
the Pope pay one must imagine. In one year, Seldes says, the
|
||
Knights of Columbus gave the Pope $250,000, and in 1925 the Pope
|
||
received, at the prescribed financial distances, 1,250,000
|
||
Catholic pilgrims.
|
||
|
||
Another source of income that is not generally known is from
|
||
certain Papal Domains and royalty rights. The Vatican takes a
|
||
large (unknown) percentage of the immense profits of the
|
||
fraudulent shrine of the Virgin at Lourdes, and of the still more
|
||
grossly fraudulent shrine at Loreto in Italy, where Catholics
|
||
still pay vast sums to see the actual house, transported to Italy
|
||
by angels, in which Mary lived at Nazareth 1900 years ago. Until
|
||
a few years ago it had a similar royalty right on the enormous
|
||
sale of indulgences in Spain and Spanish America, and no small
|
||
part of its sacred fury against the Reds is due to the fact that
|
||
the Socialists and Rationalists drove this traffic off the
|
||
market. Whether Franco has restored it I cannot ascertain. It
|
||
used to yield millions of pesetas yearly.
|
||
|
||
The sale of titles is another rich source of revenue. It
|
||
would, I suppose, be libel to suggest that the hundreds or so
|
||
wealthy Catholics who bear Papal titles (countess, marquis,
|
||
Marchioness, knight, etc.) in democratic America paid cash for
|
||
them, but on the general question the French and Italian Catholic
|
||
writers are candid. Jean de Bonnfon has published a piquant work
|
||
(La menagerie du Vatican, 1906) in which he gives biographical
|
||
details of the 300 French men and women -- the large-minded
|
||
Vatican grants a (rich) woman a title in her own right -- in
|
||
France who hold these titles. From a Roman source he quotes that
|
||
the (pre-war) tariff was 100,000 lire for the rank of duke,
|
||
25,000 for a count, 12,000 for a baron, and so on.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
30
|
||
|
||
THE TOTALITARIAN CHURCH OF ROME
|
||
|
||
These are only a few of the more regular and familiar
|
||
sources of revenue. Seldes gives a further illustration for which
|
||
I must acknowledge my indebtedness to him. Mussolini's bargain
|
||
with the Pope in 1929 included the right of the Vatican to have
|
||
its own postage stamps, and the Director of the Papal Posts made
|
||
a profit on them of $5,000,000 in a few months; and he had
|
||
thoughtfully put a date on them so that a new issue was required.
|
||
Seldes observed that collectors and dealers bought them up
|
||
everywhere. He, does not seem to know that the faithful were
|
||
encouraged to buy them all over the world as souvenirs of the
|
||
restoration of the Papacy to royal power.
|
||
|
||
But there are other vast and steady sources of income of
|
||
which Seldes knows nothing. Under their shirts or chemises (or
|
||
whatever it is that women wear next to the skin) most Catholics
|
||
wear, and all are urged to wear, holy medals, scapulars, Agnus
|
||
Deis, or other charms (against the devil, accident, disease,
|
||
etc.) which have been "blessed by the Pope." All that the Pope
|
||
has done, of course, was to wag his fingers at a room-full of
|
||
them, but the simple-minded Catholic is content. This traffic is
|
||
enormous. Less in volume but on a much higher scale, is the trade
|
||
in relics. Every new altar that is consecrated must (on Vatican
|
||
orders) contain a relic of a saint, and the Vatican has to supply
|
||
it. Naturally it charges only for the metal case and the voucher
|
||
of authenticity, but you would be surprised at the price of metal
|
||
and parchment in Rome. They are just as spurious as they were in
|
||
the Middle Ages. "In fact, the Vatican. manufactures relics
|
||
today. In my clerical days I found a Jesuit selling to pious
|
||
ladies in London in a house-to-house visitation bits of the
|
||
cassock of a canonized priest (whose biographer boasted that one
|
||
ragged cassock had sufficed him all his life). When I pointed out
|
||
the fraud he laughingly explained that a bale of cloth had
|
||
touched the genuine relics. Then the Vatican has its share in the
|
||
price of Masses. Quarter of a million are said daily and some
|
||
Catholic pays for each. In America the minimum tariff is a
|
||
dollar, and the rich give large sums. Rich churches with too many
|
||
commissions farm them out to countries with a cheaper tariff. And
|
||
from all presbyters that have a little spare fat, all nunneries
|
||
and monasteries, the surplus goes, through the bishops, to Rome..
|
||
|
||
Do you begin to see why I call the Black International an
|
||
economic corporation aiming at wealth and power? Why it hates
|
||
Russia and Atheism? Why it forms alliances with any criminals who
|
||
promise to destroy Socialism? Why, in short, it played the part I
|
||
have described in the monstrous world-plot against humanity and
|
||
civilization?
|
||
|
||
**** ****
|
||
|
||
Reproducible Electronic Publishing can defeat censorship.
|
||
|
||
The Bank of Wisdom is always looking for more of these old,
|
||
hidden, suppressed and forgotten books that contain needed facts
|
||
and information for today. If you have such books please contact
|
||
us, we need to give them back to America.
|
||
|
||
**** ****
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bank of Wisdom
|
||
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
|
||
31
|
||
|