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2483 lines
113 KiB
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2483 lines
113 KiB
Plaintext
The following are excerpts from original Nazi documents, relating
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directly to the extermination of Jews and others which was carried
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out by the Nazis during WW2. The purpose of this collection is both
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to present such documents in an easily accessible form, and to
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point out more complete references.
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Naturally, in preparing a collection like this, one has to decide
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which documents to use; the amount of material is enormous. I have
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tried to choose a small set of representative ones, which touch
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as many aspects as possible. Many of these documents are very long,
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so I have restricted myself to short excerpts.
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My remarks are inside square [...] brackets.
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-Daniel Keren (dk@lems.brown.edu).
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The organization of this collection is as follows:
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1) STATMENTS BY LEADING NAZIS
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2) GAS CHAMBERS AND GASSING VANS (See also "AUSCHWITZ")
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3) DOCUMENTS ABOUT MASS MURDER (see also the "Jager Report",
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in the "MISC" topic).
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4) THE EXTERMINATION OF THE INSANE
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5) MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS I: MASS STERILIZATION
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6) MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS II: FREEZING, LOW PRESSURE AND OTHERS
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7) THE ECONOMIC PLUNDER
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8) AUSCHWITZ
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9) KRISTALLNACHT
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10) VERDICT OF SS-COURT
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11) MISC - includes the following:
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a. Prosecution of a Jewish woman for selling her mother milk
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to feed German babies.
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b. Some of the court proceedings from a case in which the death
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sentence was imposed on a Jew for allegedly having sex with
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a German woman.
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c. Various excerpts from anti-semitic publications (mostly,
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"Der Stuermer").
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d. Letter about transporting to Germany "racially valuable
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children" whose parents were slain by the Nazis.
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e. Order to hang any Pole who has sex with a German woman.
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f. Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler describing Russians and Slavs as
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"human animals" to be used for work.
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g. German plans for plundering Poland.
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h. Order by Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler to kill and destroy
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everything in Nazi occupied Ukraine before evacuating it.
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i. A long and very detailed report about mass executions in
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the Nazi occupied Baltics (the "Jager report").
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STATMENTS BY LEADING NAZIS
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**************************
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Speech by Hitler, January 31, 1939
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[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
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Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol XIII, p. 131]
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---------------------------------------------------------------
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Today I will once more be a prophet: If the international Jewish financiers
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in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into
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a world war, then the result will not be the bolshevization of the earth,
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and thus the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in
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Europe!
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Adolph Hitler speaking to a crowd at the Sports Palace in Berlin,
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30 January 1942. Quoted in "The Holocaust", by Martin Gilbert,
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Holt, Rinehart and Winston, NY, 1985, p. 285. Text as monitored by the
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Foreign Broadcast Monitoring Service, Federal Communications Commission.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
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And we say that the war will not end as the Jews imagine it
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will, namely with the uprooting of the Aryans, but the result of
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this war will be the complete annihilation of the Jews.
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Excerpts from the meeting between Hitler and the Mufti,
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Haj Amin Husseini, on 28 November 1941. The notes were taken by
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Dr. Paul Otto Schmidt and are quoted in Fleming's "Hitler and the
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Final Solution", p. 101-104. Also geheime Reichssache 57 a/41, Records
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Dept. Foreign and Commonwealth Office Pa/2.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
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The Fuehrer then made the following declaration, requesting
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the Mufti to lock it deep in his heart:
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1) He (the Fuehrer) would carry on the fight until the last
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traces of the Jewish-Communist European hegemony had been
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obliterated.
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2) In the course of this fight, the German army would - at a
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time that could not yet be specified, but in any case in
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the clearly foreseeable future - gain the southern exit of
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Caucasus.
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3) As soon as this breakthrough was made, the Fuehrer would
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offer the Arab world his personal assurance that the hour
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of liberation had struck. Thereafter, Germany's only
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remaining objective in the region would be limited to the
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annihilation of the Jews living under British protection
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in Arab lands.
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Adolf Hitler, quoted in "Hitler", by Joachim Fest, Vintage
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Books Edition, 1974, p. 679-680:
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---------------------------------------------------------------
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Nature is cruel; therefore we are also entitled to be cruel. When I
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send the flower of German youth into the steel hail of the next war
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without feeling the slightest regret over the precious German blood
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that is being spilled, should I not also have the right to eliminate
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millions of an inferior race that multiplies like vermin?
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Speechs by Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler before senior SS officers in Poznan,
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October 4 and 6, 1943
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[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
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Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. XIII, p. 323, and
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Himmler, Reichsfuehrer-SS - P. Padfield, Henry Holt and Co, NY, 1990,
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p. 469]
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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I mean the evacuation of the Jews, the extermination of the Jewish
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race. It's one of those things it is easy to talk about, "the Jewish
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race is being exterminated", says one party member, "that's quite
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clear, it's in our program, elimination of the Jews, and we're doing
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it, exterminating them". And then they come, 80 million worthy
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Germans, and each one has his decent Jew. Of course the others are
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vermin, but this one is an A-1 Jew. Not one of those who talk this way
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has watched it, not one of them has gone through it. Most of you know
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what it means when 100 corpses are lying side by side, or 500, or
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1,000. To have stuck it out and at the same time - apart from
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exceptions caused by human weakness - to have remained decent fellows,
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that is what has made us hard. This is a page of glory in our history
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which has never been written and is never to be written.
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I ask of you that what I say in this circle you really only hear and
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never speak of. We come to the question: how is it with the women and
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the children? I have resolved even here on a completely clear
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solution. That is to say I do not consider myself justified in
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eradicating the men - so to speak killing or ordering them killed -
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and allowing the avengers in the shape of the children to grow up for
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our sons and grandsons. The difficult decision has to be taken, to
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cause this Volk [people] to disappear from the earth.
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[This speech was recorded; the magnetic tapes are in the national
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archives in Washington, DC]
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Speech by Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler at Kharkow, April 1943
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[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
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Off., 1946, Vol. IV, p. 572-574]
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----------------------------------------------------------
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We have - I would say, as very consistent National Socialists,
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taken the question of blood as our starting point. We were the
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first really to solve the problem of blood by action, and in
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this connection, by problem of blood, we of course do not
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mean antisemitism. Antisemitism is exactly the same as delousing.
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Getting rid of lice is not a question of ideology. It is a
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matter of cleanliness.
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The Goebbels [Reich propaganda Minister] Diaries, February 14 1942
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[The Goebbels Diaries 1942-1943 - L.P. Lochner, Doubleday & Co., 1948,
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p. 86]
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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World Jewry will suffer a great catastrophe at the same time as
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Bolshevism. The Fuehrer once more expressed his determination to
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clean up the Jews in Europe pitilessly. There must be no squeamish
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sentimentalism about it. The Jews have deserved the catastrophe that
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has now overtaken them. Their destruction will now go hand in hand
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with the destruction of our enemies. We must hasten this process
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with cold ruthlessness.
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The Goebbels [Reich propaganda Minister] diaries, March 27, 1942:
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[The Goebbels Diaries 1942-1943 - L.P. Lochner, Doubleday & Co., 1948,
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p. 147-148]
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-----------------------------------------------------------
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Beginning with Lublin, the Jews in the General Government
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[Nazi occupied Poland] are now being evacuated eastward. The procedure
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is a pretty barbaric one and not to be described here more definitely.
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Not much will remain of the Jews. On the whole it can be said that about
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60 per cent of them will have to be liquidated whereas only 40 per cent
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can be used for forced labor.
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Speech by Frank [Governor of occupied Poland], to German soldiers
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in Poland, urging them to write home
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[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
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Off., 1946, Vol. II, p. 633-634]
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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In all these weeks, they [i.e., your families] will be thinking
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of you, saying to themselves: my God, there he sits in
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Poland where there are so many lice and Jews, perhaps he is
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hungry and cold, perhaps he is afraid to write.
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It would not be a bad idea to send our dear ones back home a
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picture, and tell them: well now, there are not so many
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lice and Jews any more, and conditions here in the General
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Government have changed and improved somewhat already. Of
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course, I could not eliminate all lice and Jews in only one
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year's time. But in the course of time, and above all, if you
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help me, this end will be attained. After all, it is not
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necessary for us to accomplish everything within a year and
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right away, for what would otherwise be left for those who
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follow us to do?
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Speech by Frank [Governor of occupied Poland], December 16 1941
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[Documents on the Holocaust - Edited by Y. Arad, Y. Gutman, A. Margaliot,
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NY, Ktav Pub. House in Association with Yad-Vashem, 1981, p. 247, Nazi
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Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
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Off., 1946 Vol. II p. 634]
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---------------------------------------------------------------
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One way or another -- I will tell you quite openly -- we must finish
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off the Jews. The Fuehrer put it into words once: should united Jewry
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again succeed in setting off a world war, then the blood sacrifice
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shall not be made only by the peoples driven into war, but then the
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Jew of Europe will have met his end....
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But what should be done with the Jews? Can you believe that they will
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be accommodated in settlements in the Ostland? In Berlin we were told:
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why are you making all this trouble? We don't want them either, not in
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Ostland nor in the Reichskommissariat; liquidate them yourselves!
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Gentlemen, I must ask you to steel yourselves against all
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considerations of compassion. We must destroy the Jews wherever we
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find them, and wherever it is at all possible, in order to maintain
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the whole structure of the Reich...
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The Jews represent for us also extraordinary malignant gluttons. We
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have now approximately 2,500,000 of them in the General Government
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[Nazi occupied Poland], perhaps with the Jewish mixtures and
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everything that goes with it, 3,500,000 Jews. We cannot shoot or
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poison those 3,500,000 Jews, but we shall nevertheless be able to take
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measures which will lead somehow to their annihilation, and this in
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connection with the gigantic measures to be determined in discussions
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with the Reich.
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Letter from Hoppner, higher SS and Police leader in the Warthegau, to
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SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Eichmann, July 16 1941
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[Documents of Destruction - R. Hilberg, Quadrangle Books, Chicago, 1971, p. 87]
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-------------------------------------------------------------------
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Enclosed is a memorandum on the results of various discussions held
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locally in the office of the Reich Governor...
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Subject: Solution of the Jewish question
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.
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.
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4) This winter there is a danger that not all of the Jews can be fed
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anymore. One might weigh honestly, if the most humane solution
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might not be to finish off those of the Jews who are not employable
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by means of some quick-working device. At any rate, that would be
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more pleasant than to let them starve to death.
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5) For the rest, the proposal was made that in this camp all the Jewish
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women, from whom one could still expect children, should be
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sterilized so that the Jewish problem may actually be solved
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completely with this generation.
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Extracts from the minutes of the Wannsee conference, January 20
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1942, regarding the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question"
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[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
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Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. XIII, p. 210-216]
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---------------------------------------------------------------
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.
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.
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II. At the beginning of the meeting the Chief of the Security
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Police and the SD, SS Lieutenant General Heydrich, reported his
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appointment by the Reich Marshal [Goering] to service as
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Commissioner for the preparation of the Final Solution of the
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European Jewish Problem....
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In the course of this final solution of the European Jewish
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Problem, approximately 11 million Jews are involved. They are
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distributed among individual countries as follows:
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A. Original Reich Territory [Altreich] 131,800
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Austria 43,700
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Eastern territories 420,000
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Government General [Nazi occupied Poland] 2,284,000
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.
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.
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.
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The Netherlands 160,800
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.
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.
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Rumania, including Bessarabia 342,000
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.
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.
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Hungary 742,800
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USSR 5,000,000
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.
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.
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White Russia, excluding Bialystok 446,484
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[Many countries deleted for brevity]
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TOTAL over 11,000,000
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.
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.
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Under proper direction the Jews should now in the course of the
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Final Solution be brought to the East in a suitable way for use
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as labor. In big labor gangs, with separation of the sexes, the
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Jews capable of work are brought to these areas and employed in
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road building, in which task undoubtedly a great part will fall
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out through natural diminution.
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The remnant that finally is able to survive all this - since this
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is undoubtedly the part with the strongest resistance - must
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be treated accordingly since these people, representing a natural
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selection, are to be regarded as the germ cell of a new Jewish
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development. (See the experience of history).
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In the program of the practical execution of the Final Solution,
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Europe is combed through from the West to the East...
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.
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.
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In the course of the final solution plans, the Nuernberg laws
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are in a certain degree to form the basis, and accordingly the
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complete settlement of the problem is to include also the
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solution of the mixed marriage and the Mischling [people partly
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of Jewish descent]...
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The first degree Mischling excepted from the evacuation is to
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be sterilized in order to prevent any offspring and to settle
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the Mischling problem once and for all...
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Excerpted from a memorandum dated 27 April, 1942 by Dr. Erhard
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Wetzel (a lawyer), who was serving as desk officer in the Reich
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Ministry for the Eastern Territories
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["Nazism: A History in Documents and Eyewitness Accounts, 1919-1945",
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Volume II, J.Noakes and G.Pridham, editors. Schocken Books, New York,
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(c)1988 by the Dept. of History and Archeology, University of Exeter.
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ISBN 0-8053-0973-5 (vol. 1), 0-8052-0972-7 (vol. 2). Document #690 on
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p.979]
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Re: the Solution of the Polish Question
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...It should be obvious that one cannot solve the Polish problem by
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liquidating the Poles in the same way as the Jews. Such a solution
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to the Polish problem would burden the German people with guilt for
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years to come and lose us the sympathies of people everywhere,
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particularly since our neighbors would be bound to reckon that
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they would be treated in the same way when the time came.
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||
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A letter to Rosenberg enclosing reports from Generalkommisar for
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white Russia, Kube, about the extermination of Jews in the east,
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June 18 1943
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[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
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Off., 1946, Vol I, p. 1001]
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------------------------------------------------------------------
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...The fact that Jews receive special treatment requires no further
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discussion. However, it appears hardly believable that this is done
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in the way described in the report of the General Commissioner of
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1 June 1943. What is Katyn against that? Imagine only that these
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||
occurrences would become known to the other side and exploited by them!
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Most likely such propaganda would have no effect only because
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||
people who hear who hear and read about it simply would not be ready
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to believe it.
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["Special treatment" and "resettlement" mean extermination, as is
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obvious from many such documents; consider, for instance, the
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following]
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||
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Memorandum of Gestapo Headquarters, 15 June 1944
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||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
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Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. IV, p. 1166]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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In amending my directive of June 20 1944, I request that those people
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||
subject to special treatment be sent to a crematorium to be cremated
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||
if possible.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
GAS CHAMBERS AND GASSING VANS (See also "AUSCHWITZ")
|
||
****************************************************
|
||
|
||
Letter from Dr. Erhard Wetzel to Reichskommissar Lohse, October 25, 1941
|
||
[Hitler and the Final Solution - G. Fleming, University of California
|
||
Press, 1984, p. 70]
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
With regard to my letter of 18 October 1941, please be informed that
|
||
Oberdiensleiter [Chief Executive Officer] Brack from the Fuehrer's
|
||
Chancellory has stated his readiness to assist in the construction of
|
||
the necessary accommodations and gassing apparatuses, so they must
|
||
first be constructed. Brack's view is that, since construction of the
|
||
apparatuses within the Reich would present far greater difficulties
|
||
than on-site production, the most expedient course of action is to
|
||
send his people directly to Riga, in particular his chemist Dr.
|
||
Kallmeyer, who will take the necessary steps from there.
|
||
Oberdiensleiter Brack further points out that the procedure in
|
||
question is not without its hazards, and that therefore special safety
|
||
precautions are needed. Under these circumstances, I ask you to
|
||
contact Oberdiensleiter Brack in the Fuehrer's Chancellory through
|
||
your higher SS and Police leader. Please request from him the
|
||
dispatching of the chemist Dr. Kallmeyer and any further assistants
|
||
that are needed. I might further point out that Sturmbannfuehrer
|
||
Eichmann, the adviser on Jewish affairs in the Reich main security
|
||
office, is in complete accord with this procedure. According to the
|
||
information received here from Sturmbannfuehrer Eichmann, camps for
|
||
Jews will be set up in Riga and Minsk, where Jews from the Altreich
|
||
[Germany proper] might also be sent. Jews are currently being
|
||
evacuated from the Altreich to Lodz and other camps, from which those
|
||
fit for work will be transferred to work forces in the east. Given the
|
||
present situation, Jews who are not fit for work can be eliminated
|
||
without qualms through use of the Brack device. Incidents such as
|
||
those that took place during the shootings of Jews in Vilna, according
|
||
to a report I have on my desk, can hardly be sanctioned, keeping in
|
||
mind that the executions were undertaken openly, and the new
|
||
procedures assure that such incidents will no longer be possible. Jews
|
||
fit for work, on the other hand, will be transported to work forces in
|
||
the east. That the men and women in this latter group must be kept
|
||
apart from each other goes without saying. Please keep me informed as
|
||
to any further measures you take.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from Dr August Becker to SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Rauff, 16 May 1942
|
||
[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
|
||
Off., 1946, Vol III, p. 418]
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
I ordered the vans of group D to be camouflaged as house trailers by
|
||
putting one set of window shutters on each side of the small van and
|
||
two on each side of the large vans, such as one often sees on farm
|
||
houses in the country. The vans became so well known, that not only
|
||
the authorities but also the civilian population called the van "death
|
||
van", as soon as one of these vehicles appeared. It is my opinion the
|
||
van cannot be kept secret for any length of time, not even
|
||
camouflaged...
|
||
|
||
Besides that, I ordered that during application of gas all the men
|
||
were to be kept as far away from the vans as possible, so they should
|
||
not suffer damage to their health by the gas which eventually would
|
||
escape. I should like to take this opportunity to bring the following
|
||
to your attention: several commands have had the unloading after the
|
||
application of gas done by their own men. I brought to the attention
|
||
of those S.K [Special Kommando] concerned the immense psychological
|
||
injuries and damages involved to their health that this work can have
|
||
for those men, even if not immediately, at least later on. The men
|
||
complained to me about head-aches which appeared after each unloading.
|
||
Nevertheless they don't want to change the orders, because they are
|
||
afraid prisoners called for that work could use an opportune moment to
|
||
flee. To protect the men from these damages, I request orders to be
|
||
issued accordingly.
|
||
|
||
The application of the gas is not undertaken correctly. In order to
|
||
come to an end as fast as possible, the driver presses the accelerator
|
||
to the fullest extent. By doing that the persons to be executed suffer
|
||
death from suffocation and not death by dozing off as was planned. My
|
||
directions have now proved that by correct adjustment of the levers
|
||
death comes faster and the prisoners fall asleep peacefully. Distorted
|
||
faces and excretions, such as could be seen before, are no longer
|
||
noticed.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from Willy Just to SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Walter Rauff, 5 June 1942
|
||
["Nazism: A History in Documents and Eyewitness Accounts, 1919-1945",
|
||
Volume II, J.Noakes and G.Pridham, editors. Schocken Books, New York,
|
||
(c)1988 by the Dept. of History and Archeology, University of Exeter.
|
||
ISBN 0-8053-0973-5 (vol. 1), 0-8052-0972-7 (vol. 2). Document #913]
|
||
|
||
|
||
["Nazism: A History in Documents and Eye Witness Accounts, 191-1945" vol. 2,
|
||
document 913]
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
RE: Technical alterations to the special vehicles already in operation
|
||
and those in production.
|
||
|
||
Since December 1941, for example, 97,000 have been processed using
|
||
three vans without any faults developing in the vehicles. The
|
||
well-known explosion in Kulmhof (Chelmno) must be treated as a special
|
||
case. It was caused by faulty practice. Special instructions have been
|
||
given to the relevant offices in order to avoid such accidents. The
|
||
instructions were such as to ensure a considerable increase in the
|
||
degree of security.
|
||
|
||
Further operational experience hitherto indicates that the following
|
||
technical alterations are appropriate....
|
||
|
||
2) The vans are normally loaded with 9-10 people per square meter.
|
||
With the large Saurer special vans this is not possible because
|
||
although they do not become overloaded their maneuverability is much
|
||
impaired. A reduction in the load area appears desirable. It can be
|
||
achieved by reducing the size of the van by c. 1 meter. The difficulty
|
||
referred to cannot be overcome by reducing the size of the load. For a
|
||
reduction in the numbers will necessitate a longer period of operation
|
||
because the free spaces will have to be filled with CO. By contrast, a
|
||
smaller load area which is completely full requires a much sorter
|
||
period of operation since there are no free spaces.....
|
||
|
||
3) The connecting hoses between the exhaust and the van frequently
|
||
rust through because they are corroded inside by the liquids which
|
||
fall on them. To prevent this the connecting piece must be moved so
|
||
that the gas is fed from the top downwards. This will prevent liquids
|
||
flowing in.....
|
||
|
||
6) The lighting must be better protected against damage than
|
||
hitherto....It has been suggested that lighting should be dispensed
|
||
with since they are allegedly never used. However, experience shows
|
||
that when the rear door is closed and therefore when it becomes dark,
|
||
the cargo presses hard towards the door....It makes it difficult to
|
||
latch the door. Furthermore, it has been observed that the noise
|
||
always begins when the doors are shut presumably because of fear
|
||
brought on by the darkness.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Hauptsturmfuehrer Truehe to Reich security office, room 2D3A
|
||
[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
|
||
Off., 1946, Vol. I, p. 1001]
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
A transport of Jews, which has to be treated in a special way, arrives
|
||
weekly at the office of the commandant of the Security Police and the
|
||
Security Service of white Ruthenia. The three S-vans which are there
|
||
are not sufficient for that purpose. I request assignment of another
|
||
S-van (five tons). At the same time I request the shipment of twenty
|
||
gas hoses for the three S-vans on hand since the ones on hand are leaky
|
||
already.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
DOCUMENTS ABOUT MASS MURDER (See also "THE JAGER REPORT", in "MISC")
|
||
************************************************************************
|
||
|
||
Regulations for the chief of the Security Police and of the
|
||
Security service, 17 July 1941
|
||
[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
|
||
Off., 1946, Vol. III, p. 422-425]
|
||
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
...By use of such informers and by use of all other existing
|
||
possibilities, the discovery of all elements to be eliminated
|
||
among the prisoners, must succeed step by step at once. The
|
||
commandos must learn for themselves, in every case, by short
|
||
questioning of the informers and eventual questioning of other
|
||
prisoners.
|
||
|
||
The information of one informer is nor sufficient to designate
|
||
a camp inmate to be a suspect, without further proof; it must
|
||
be confirmed in some way if possible.
|
||
|
||
Above all, the following must be discovered:
|
||
|
||
All important functionaries of state and party, especially
|
||
professional revolutionaries.
|
||
|
||
Functionaries of the Komintren.
|
||
|
||
All policy forming party functionaries of the KPDSU and its fellow
|
||
organizations in the central committees, in the regional and
|
||
district committees.
|
||
|
||
All Peoples-Commissars and their deputies.
|
||
|
||
All former Political Commissars in the Red Army.
|
||
|
||
Leading personalities of the state authorities of central and
|
||
middle regions.
|
||
|
||
The leading personalities in the business world.
|
||
|
||
Members of the Soviet-Russian intelligence.
|
||
|
||
All Jews.
|
||
|
||
All persons, who are found to be agitators of fanatical communists.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from Generalkommisar for white Russia, Kube, to Reichkommisar
|
||
for the Ostland, Lohse, 31 July 1942
|
||
['The Good Old Days' - E. Klee, W. Dressen, V. Riess, The Free Press,
|
||
NY, 1988, p. 180-181]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
During the course of extensive discussions with SS-Brigadefuehrer Zenner
|
||
and the very competent Leiter of the SD, SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Dr.
|
||
Strauch, it was established that we have liquidated about 55,000 Jews
|
||
in the past ten weeks...
|
||
|
||
Naturally the SD and I would prefer to eliminate the Jews in the
|
||
Generalbezirk of white Russia once and for all as soon as the Jews
|
||
are no longer needed by the Wehrmacht for economic reasons. For the time
|
||
being, the Wehrmacht's requirements, as the principle employer of
|
||
Jewish labor, are being taken into account.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Report No. 51 of Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler to Hitler about mass
|
||
executions in the east, 1942
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. XIII, p. 269-272]
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
August September October November
|
||
|
||
Prisoners executed
|
||
after interrogation 2,100 1,400 1,596 2,731
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
Accomplices of guerrilla and
|
||
guerrilla suspects executed 1,198 3,020 6,333 3,706
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
Jews executed 31,246 165,282 95,735 70,948
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
Villages and localities
|
||
Burned down or destroyed 35 12 20 92
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS Major-General Stahlecker to SS General Heydrich,
|
||
January 31, 1942
|
||
[The Final Solution: The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe,
|
||
1939-1945 - G. Reitlinger, South Brunswick, T. Yosellof, 1968, p. 233]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
The complete removal of Jewry from the eastern territories has been
|
||
substantially attained, with the exception of white Russia, as a result
|
||
of the execution up to the present time of 229,052 Jews.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Daily situation report of the Einsatzgruppen (special task forces)
|
||
in Russia, No. 124, October 25th, 1941
|
||
[The Final Solution: The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe,
|
||
1939-1945 - G. Reitlinger, South Brunswick, T. Yosellof, 1968, p. 133]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
A second action consisted in applying special treatment to 812
|
||
men and women, all persons without interest from the racial and
|
||
intellectual point of view.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Order by Reichskommissar Lohse to halt the killing of Jewish skilled
|
||
workers, December 2 1941
|
||
[Documents on the Holocaust - Edited by Y. Arad, Y. Gutman, A. Margaliot,
|
||
NY, Ktav Pub. House in Association with Yad-Vashem, 1981, p. 396]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Reichskommissar for Ostland Riga, December 2 1941
|
||
IIa diary No. 220/41g
|
||
|
||
The Chief Quartermaster (Chiefintendant) of the Wehrmacht Command in
|
||
Ostland has lodged a complaint that armament plants and repair
|
||
workshops have been deprived of Jewish skilled workers through
|
||
their liquidation, and that they cannot be replaced there at the
|
||
present time.
|
||
|
||
I request most emphatically that the liquidation of Jews employed
|
||
as skilled workers in armament plants and repair workshops of the
|
||
Wehrmacht who cannot be replaced by local personnel be prevented.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Ereignismeldung UdSSR, No. 101, October 2 1941
|
||
['The Good Old Days' - E. Klee, W. Dressen, V. Riess, The Free Press,
|
||
NY, 1988, p. 67]
|
||
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Einsatzgruppen C
|
||
Standort Kiev
|
||
|
||
In collaboration with the group staff and two Kommandos of Police
|
||
Regiment South, on 29 and 30 September 1941, Sonderkommando 4a
|
||
executed 33,771 Jews in Kiev.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Ereignismlrdung UdSSR, No. 128, November 3 1941
|
||
['The Good Old Days' - E. Klee, W. Dressen, V. Riess, The Free Press,
|
||
NY, 1988, p. 68]
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
In Kiev, difficulties that arose during the execution of a major action
|
||
of this type - particularly with regard to registration - were overcome
|
||
by the use of posters announcing that all Jews were to report for
|
||
resettlement. Although it was initially thought that the action would
|
||
only involve 5,000 to 6,000 Jews, more than 30,000 Jews reported, who
|
||
as a result of extremely efficient organization still believed they
|
||
were going to be resettled right up until the time they were executed.
|
||
|
||
Despite that fact that up to now a total of some 75,000 Jews have been
|
||
liquidated in this way, it has nevertheless become apparent that this
|
||
method will not provide a solution to the Jewish problem.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Report from chief of Security Police and SD, June 17 1942
|
||
[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
|
||
Off., 1946, Supplement A, p. 661]
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
The Jews in the Crimea.
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
Already in 1939, out of 65,000 Jews in the Crimea, 44,000 (that
|
||
is almost 70 percent) live in the cities of Simferopol, Sevastopol,
|
||
Kertch, Jewpatoria, Yalta, and Feodosia alone...
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
Of the Krimtschaks (approx. 6,000) who were generally counted to
|
||
be Jews, about half lived for the greater part in Simferopol
|
||
(2,500) and in Karasubarsar. Their annihilation together with
|
||
that of the real Jews and the Gypsies in the Crimea took part
|
||
place essentially until the beginning of December 1941.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Weekly report from Frank's [Governor of occupied Poland] propaganda
|
||
department, October 26, 1942
|
||
[The Final Solution: The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe,
|
||
1939-1945 - G. Reitlinger, South Brunswick, T. Yosellof, 1968, p. 283]
|
||
---------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
The resettlement of Jews (which partly assumes forms not worthy of
|
||
a cultured people) directly provokes comparison of the methods of
|
||
the Gestapo with those of the GPU. The railway wagons are said to
|
||
be in such a bad state that it is impossible to prevent Jews breaking
|
||
out. The result is that at wayside stations there occur wild shootings
|
||
and regular man-hunts. It is also reported that corpses of shot Jews
|
||
lie on the streets for days. Although the Reich Germans, as well as
|
||
the foreign population, are convinced of the necessity of liquidating
|
||
all Jews, it would still be more appropriate to carry this out in
|
||
a manner that causes less sensation and offense.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Order of Boehme, Commanding General Serbia, October 10 1941,
|
||
Regarding Executions of Hostages
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. XI, p. 977]
|
||
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
2. In all garrison towns in Serbia all Communists, male residents
|
||
suspected as such, all Jews, a certain number of nationalistic and
|
||
democratically inclined residents are to be arrested as hostages,
|
||
by means of sudden action...
|
||
|
||
3. If losses of German soldiers or ethnic Germans occur, the
|
||
territorially competent commanders up to the regimental commanders
|
||
are to decree the shooting of arrestees according to the
|
||
following quotas:
|
||
|
||
a. For each killed or murdered German soldier or ethnic German (man,
|
||
woman or child) 100 prisoners or hostages.
|
||
|
||
b. For each wounded German soldier or ethnic German, 50 prisoners
|
||
or hostages.
|
||
|
||
The shootings are to be carried out by the troops.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Order of Commanding General in Serbia, October 4 1941, ordering mass
|
||
execution of concentration camp inmates for the killing of 21 German
|
||
Soldiers
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. XI, p. 976]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Twenty-one soldiers were tortured to death by Communist bandits
|
||
in a bestial manner on 2 October in a surprise attack units of
|
||
the signal regiment between Belgrade and Obrenovac. As reprisal
|
||
and retaliation, 100 Serbian prisoners are to be shot at once
|
||
for each murdered German soldier. The Chief of the Military
|
||
administration is requested to pick out 2,100 inmates in the
|
||
concentration camp Sabac in Belgrade (primarily Jews and
|
||
Communists) and to fix the time and place as well as burial place.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
THE EXTERMINATION OF THE INSANE
|
||
*******************************
|
||
|
||
Letter from chief of institution for feeble-minded in Stetten to
|
||
Reich Minister of justice Dr. Frank, September 6 1940
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, p. 854]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Dear Reich Minister,
|
||
|
||
The measure being taken at present with mental patients of all
|
||
kinds have caused a complete lack of confidence in justice among
|
||
large groups of people. Without the consent of relatives and
|
||
guardians, such patients are being transferred to different
|
||
institutions. After a short time they are notified that the
|
||
person concerned has died of some disease...
|
||
|
||
If the state really wants to carry out the extermination of these
|
||
or at least of some mental patients, shouldn't a law be
|
||
promulgated, which can be justified before the people - a law
|
||
that would give everyone the assurance od careful examination
|
||
as to whether he is due to die or entitled to live and which
|
||
would also give the relatives a chance to be heard, in a
|
||
similar way, as provided by the law for the prevention of
|
||
Hereditarily affected Progeny?
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from Dr. Wurm, of the Wuerttemberg Evangelical Provincial Church,
|
||
to Reich Minister of interior Dr. Frick, September 5 1940
|
||
[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
|
||
Off., 1946, Supp. A, p. 1223]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Dear Reich Minister,
|
||
|
||
On July 19th I sent you a letter about the systematic extermination
|
||
of lunatics, feeble-minded and epileptic persons. Since then this
|
||
practice has reached tremendous proportions: recently the inmates of
|
||
old-age homes have also been included. The basis for this practice
|
||
seems to be that in an efficient nation there should be no room
|
||
for weak and frail people. It is evident from the many reports which
|
||
we are receiving that the people's feelings are being badly hurt
|
||
by the measures ordered and that the feeling of legal insecurity
|
||
is spreading which is regrettable from the point of view of national
|
||
and state interest.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from Dr. Hilfrich, Bishop of Limburg, to the Reich Minister of
|
||
Justice, August 13 1941
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, p. 845-846]
|
||
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Regarding the report submitted on July 16 by the Chairman of the Fulda
|
||
Bishops' conference, Cardinal Dr. Bertram, I consider it my duty to
|
||
present the following as a concrete illustration of destruction of
|
||
so-called "useless life".
|
||
|
||
About 8 Kilometers from Limburg in the little town of Hadamar, on a
|
||
hill overlooking the town, there is an institution which had formerly
|
||
served various purposes and of late had been used as a nursing home.
|
||
This institution was renovated and furnished as a place in which, by
|
||
consensus of opinion, the above mentioned Euthanasia has been
|
||
systematically practiced for months- approximately since February
|
||
1941. This fact is, of course, known beyond the administrative
|
||
district of Wiesbaden...
|
||
|
||
Several times a week buses arrive in Hadamard with a considerable
|
||
number of such victims. School children of the vicinity know this
|
||
vehicle and say "here comes the murder-box again". After the arrival
|
||
of the vehicle, the citizens of Hadamar watch the smoke rise out of
|
||
the chimney...
|
||
|
||
The effect of the principles at work here that children call each
|
||
other names and say "you're crazy; you'll be sent to the baking oven
|
||
in Hadamar"...
|
||
|
||
All God-fearing man consider this destruction of helpless beings a
|
||
crass injustice...
|
||
|
||
Officials of the State Police, it is said, are trying to suppress
|
||
discussions of the Hadamar occurrences by means of severe threats...
|
||
|
||
I beg you most humbly, Herr Reich Minister, in the sense of the report
|
||
of the Episcopate of 16 July of this year, to prevent further
|
||
transgressions of the Fifth Commandment of God.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler to SS-Oberfuehrer Brack,
|
||
19 December 1940
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, p. 856]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Dear Brack,
|
||
|
||
I hear there is great excitement on the Alb because of the Grafeneck
|
||
Institution.
|
||
The population recognizes the gray automobiles of the SS and think they
|
||
know what is going on at the constantly smoking crematory. What happens
|
||
there is a secret and yet is no longer one. Thus the worst feeling has
|
||
arisen there, and in my opinion there remains only one thing, to
|
||
discontinue the use of the institution in this place and in any event
|
||
disseminate information in a clever and sensible manner by showing motion
|
||
pictures on the subject of inherited and mental diseases in just that
|
||
locality.
|
||
May I ask for a report as to how the difficult problem is solved?
|
||
|
||
|
||
Extract from the Diary of General Halder, September-November 1941
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. X, p. 1195-1196]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
26 September 1941:
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
h. Mental institutions in Army Group North. Russians regards the
|
||
feebleminded as sacred beings. Killing them is necessary,
|
||
nontheless.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS I: MASS STERILIZATION
|
||
*****************************************
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Oberfuehrer Brack to Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler, June 23, 1942
|
||
[Documents on the Holocaust - Edited by Y. Arad, Y. Gutman, A. Margaliot,
|
||
NY, Ktav Pub. House in Association with Yad-Vashem, 1981, p. 272]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Honorable Mr. Reichsfuehrer!
|
||
|
||
On instruction from Reichsleiter Bouhler I placed a part of my men at
|
||
the disposal of Brigadefuehrer Globocnik some considerable time ago
|
||
for his special task. Following a further request from him, I have
|
||
now made available more personnel. On this occasion Brigadefuehrer
|
||
Globocnik pressed the view that the whole action against the Jews
|
||
should be carried out as quickly as it is in any way possible, so
|
||
that we will not some day be stuck in the middle should any kind
|
||
of difficulty make it necessary to stop the action. you yourself,
|
||
Mr. Reichsfuehrer, expressed the view to me at an earlier time that
|
||
one must work as fast as possible, if only for reasons of concealment.
|
||
Both views are more than justified according to my own experience,
|
||
and basically they produce the same results. Nevertheless I beg to
|
||
be permitted to present the following consideration of my own in
|
||
this connection:
|
||
|
||
According to my impression there are at least 2-3 million men and
|
||
women well fit for work among the approx. 10 million European
|
||
Jews. In consideration of the exceptional difficulties posed for
|
||
us by the question of labor, I am of the opinion that these 2-3
|
||
million should in any case be taken out and kept alive. Of course
|
||
this can only be done if they are in the same time rendered
|
||
incapable of reproduction. I reported to you about a year ago that
|
||
persons under my instruction have completed the necessary experiments
|
||
for this purpose. I wish to bring up these facts again. The type
|
||
of sterilization which is normally carried out on persons with
|
||
genetic disease is out of the question in this case, as it takes
|
||
too much time and is expensive. Castration by means of X-rays,
|
||
however, is not only relatively cheap, but can be carried out on
|
||
many thousands in a very short time. I believe that it has become
|
||
unimportant at the present time whether those affected will then
|
||
in the course of a few weeks or months realize by the effects that
|
||
they are castrated.
|
||
|
||
In the event, Mr. Reichsfuehrer, that you decide to choose these
|
||
means in the interest of maintaining labor-material, Reichsleiter
|
||
Bouhler will be ready to provide the doctors and other personnel
|
||
needed to carry out this work. He also instructed me to inform you
|
||
that I should then order the required equipment as quickly as
|
||
possible.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from Dr. Pokorny to Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler, October 1941
|
||
[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
|
||
Off., 1946, Supp. A, p. 1279]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Prompted by the thought that the enemy must not only be conquered but
|
||
exterminated, I feel obliged to submit the following to you as the
|
||
Reich Plenipotentiary for the Consolidation of German Folkdom:
|
||
|
||
Dr. Madous is publishing the results of his research into sterilization
|
||
by medicaments (I enclose both works). In reading this article, I was
|
||
struck by the enormous importance of this medicament in the present
|
||
struggle of our people. Should it be possible to produce as soon as
|
||
possible, as a result of this research, a medicament which, after a
|
||
comparatively brief period, would cause an unnoticed sterilization
|
||
in individuals, we would have in our disposal a new and very effective
|
||
weapon. The thought alone that the 3 million Bolsheviks now in German
|
||
captivity could be sterilized, so that they would be available for
|
||
work but precluded from propagation, opens up the most far-reaching
|
||
perspectives.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Oberfuehrer Gund to Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler,
|
||
August 24, 1942
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, p. 717]
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
At the orders of Gauleiter Dr. Jury, his staff have hitherto busied
|
||
themselves especially with the problems of population, racial policy,
|
||
and antisocial elements. Since the prevenation of reproduction by
|
||
the congenitally unfit and racially inferior belongs to the duties
|
||
of our National Socialist racial and demographic policy, the present
|
||
director of the District Office for Racial Policy, Gauhauptstellenleiter
|
||
Dr. Fehringer, has examined the question of sterilization and found
|
||
that the methods so far available, castration and sterilization, are
|
||
not sufficient in themselves to meet expectations. Consequently, the
|
||
obvious question occurred to him whether impotence and sterility in
|
||
could not be produced in men and women by the administration of medicine
|
||
or injections...
|
||
|
||
The director of my race policy office points out that the necessary
|
||
research and human experiments could be undertaken by by an
|
||
appropriately selected medical staff, basing their work on the
|
||
Madaus animal experiments in cooperation with the pharmacological
|
||
institute of the Faculty of Medicine of Vienna, on the persons of
|
||
of the inmates of the Gypsy camp of Lackenbach in Lower Danube.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler to SS-Oberfuehrer Brack, 11 August
|
||
1942
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, p. 722]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Dear Brack,
|
||
|
||
It is only today that I have the opportunity of acknowledging the
|
||
receipt of your letter of June 23. I am positively interested in
|
||
seeing the sterilization by X-rays tried out at least once in one camp
|
||
in a series of experiments.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from Blankenburg to Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler, 29 April 1944
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, 723]
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
By order of Reichsleiter Bouhler I submit to you as an enclosure a work
|
||
of Dr. Horst Schumann on the influence of X-rays on human genital glands.
|
||
|
||
Previously you have asked Oberfuehrer Brack to perform this work, and
|
||
you supported it by providing the adequate material in the concentration
|
||
camp Auschwitz. I point especially to the second part of this work,
|
||
which shows that by those means castration of males is almost impossible
|
||
or requires an effort which does not pay. As I have convinced myself,
|
||
operative castration requires not more than 6 to 7 minutes, and therefore
|
||
can be performed more reliably and quicker than castration by X-rays.
|
||
|
||
Soon I will be able to submit a continuation of this work to you.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Brandt to Prof. Clauberg, 10 July 1942
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, p. 729]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Today the Reich Leader SS charged me with transmitting to you his wish
|
||
that you go to Ravensbrueck after you have had another talk with
|
||
SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Pohl and the camp physician of the women's
|
||
concentration camp Ravensbrueck, in order to perform the sterilization
|
||
of Jewesses according to your method...
|
||
|
||
Thorough experiments should be conducted to investigate the effect of
|
||
the sterilization largely in a way that you find out after a certain
|
||
time, which you would have to fix, perhaps by X-rays, what kind of
|
||
changes have taken place. In some cases a practical experiment might
|
||
be arranged by locking up a Jewess and a Jew together for a certain
|
||
period and then seeing what results are achieved.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Memorandum of SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Brandt on discussion between
|
||
Himmler, Gebhart, Gluecks, and Clauberg concerning sterilization
|
||
experiments conducted on Jewesses
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, p. 728]
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Fuehrer Headquarters, July 1942
|
||
|
||
On 7 July 1942 a discussion took place between the Reich Leader SS,
|
||
SS-Brigadefuehrer Professor Dr. Gebhart, SS-Brigadefuehrer Gluecks,
|
||
and SS-Brigadefuehrer Clauberg, Koenigshette. The topic of the
|
||
discussion was the sterilization of Jewesses. The Reich Leader
|
||
SS has promised Brigadefuehrer Professor Clauberg that Auschwitz
|
||
concentration camp will be at his disposal for his experiments on
|
||
human beings and animals. By means of some fundamental experiments,
|
||
a method should be found which would lead to sterilization of persons
|
||
without their knowledge. The Reich Leader SS wanted to get another
|
||
report as soon as the result of these experiments was known, so
|
||
that the sterilization of Jewesses could then be carried out in
|
||
actuality.
|
||
|
||
It should also be examined, preferably in cooperation with Professor
|
||
Dr. Hohlfelder, an X-ray specialist in Germany, what way sterilization
|
||
of men could be achieved by X-ray treatment.
|
||
|
||
The Reich Leader SS called the special attention of all gentlemen
|
||
present to the fact that the matter involved was most secret and
|
||
should be discussed only with the officers in charge and that
|
||
the persons present at the experiments had to pledge secrecy.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from Professor Clauberg to Himmler, June 7 1943, on his
|
||
research concerning sterilization of women
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol 1, p. 730]
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Dear Reich Leader,
|
||
|
||
Today I am fulfilling my obligation to report to you from time to
|
||
time about the state of my research work...
|
||
|
||
The method I contrived to achieve the sterilization of the female
|
||
organism without operation is as good as perfected. It can be
|
||
performed by a single injection made through the entrance of
|
||
the uterus in the course of the customary gynecological
|
||
examination known to every physician. If I say that the
|
||
method is "as good as perfected" this means:
|
||
|
||
1. Still to be worked out are only minor improvements of the method.
|
||
|
||
2. Already today it could be put to practical use in the course
|
||
of our regular eugenic sterilization and could thus replace
|
||
the operation.
|
||
|
||
As to the question which you, Reich Leader, asked me almost a
|
||
one year ago, i.e., how much time would probably be required
|
||
to sterilize 1,000 women by using this method. Today I can
|
||
answer you with regard to the future as follows:
|
||
|
||
If my researches continue to have the same results as up to
|
||
now - and there is no reason to doubt that - then the moment is
|
||
not far off when I can say:
|
||
|
||
"One adequately trained physician in one adequately equipped
|
||
place, with perhaps 10 assistants (the number of assistants in
|
||
conformity with the speed desired) will most likely be able to
|
||
deal with several hundred, if not even 1,000 per day".
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS II: FREEZING, LOW PRESSURE AND OTHERS
|
||
*********************************************************
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Standartenfuehrer Sievers to SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer
|
||
Dr. Brandt, November 2 1942
|
||
[Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military
|
||
Tribunal, Vol. XX, p. 520]
|
||
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Dear Comarade Brandt,
|
||
|
||
As you know, the Reichsfuehrer-SS has directed that
|
||
SS-Hauptsturmfuehrer Prof. Dr. Hirt be supplied with everything
|
||
needed for his research work. For certain anthropological
|
||
researches - I already reported to the Reichsfuehrer-SS on
|
||
them - 150 skeletons of prisoners, or rather Jews, are
|
||
required, which are to be supplied by the KL Auschwitz.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from Graum to Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler, June 1 1943
|
||
[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
|
||
Off., 1946, Supp. A, p. 1273]
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Dear Reichsfuehrer,
|
||
|
||
The fuehrer's Commissioner-General, SS Brigadefuehrer Professor Dr. Brandt,
|
||
called me with the request that I should assist him by placing prisoners
|
||
at his disposal for research work into the cause of contagious
|
||
jaundice (Hepatitis epidemica) which he was furthering considerably.
|
||
|
||
The work has been carried out up to now by a medical captain, Dr. Dohmen,
|
||
within the framework of the research place of the army medical inspectorate,
|
||
with the participation of the Robert Koch institute. It has up to now led
|
||
to the result, in agreement with the result of other German research
|
||
workers, that contagious jaundice is not carried by bacteria but by a
|
||
virus. In order to increase our knowledge, which is based up to now
|
||
only on vaccination experiments from men to animals, the reverse way
|
||
is now necessary, namely the vaccination of the cultivated virus germ
|
||
into humans. One must reckon on cases of death.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter to SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Pohl, 19 May 1944
|
||
[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
|
||
Off., 1946, Supp. A, p. 1270-1271]
|
||
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Dear Obergruppenfuehrer,
|
||
|
||
Following our application of 30.9.43, you gave me your authorization on the
|
||
25.10.43 for the carrying out of experiments with a view to producing a
|
||
new kind of spotted fever serum and transferred 100 suitable prisoners
|
||
to Natzweiler for this purpose. It has been possible to carry out the
|
||
experiments very satisfactorily so far with the help of the chief of
|
||
Department D III, SS Standartenfuehrer Dr. Dolling commissioned by you.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Sturmbannfuehrer Brandt to SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Sievers,
|
||
21 March 1942
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, p. 144]
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Reference is made to the subatmospheric pressure experiments which are
|
||
being carried out on concentration camp inmates in the Dachau camp by
|
||
the air force. The Reich Leader-SS has approved the experiments under
|
||
the conditions that SS-Untersturmfuehrer Dr. Rascher who is an
|
||
Obersturmfuehrer in the air-force, will take part in them.
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Untersturmfuehrer Rascher to Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler,
|
||
5 April 1942
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, p. 144-147]
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Highly esteemed Reich Leader:
|
||
|
||
Enclosed is an interim report on the low-pressure experiments so far
|
||
conducted in the concentration camp of Dachau...
|
||
|
||
Only continuous experiments at altitudes higher than 10.5 Km resulted
|
||
in death. These experiments showed that breathing stopped after about
|
||
30 minutes, while in two cases the electrocardiographically charted
|
||
action of the heart continued for another 20 minutes.
|
||
|
||
The third experiment of this type took such an extraordinary course
|
||
that I called an SS physician of the camp as a witness, since I had
|
||
worked on these experiments all by myself. It was a continuous
|
||
experiment without oxygen at a height of 12 Km. conducted on a 37-year
|
||
old Jew in good general condition. Breathing continued up to 30
|
||
minutes. After 4 minutes the experimental subject began to perspire
|
||
and to wiggle his head, after 5 minutes cramps occurred, between 6
|
||
and 10 minutes breathing increased in speed and the experimental
|
||
subject became unconscious; from 11 to 30 minutes breathing slowed
|
||
down to three breaths per minute, finally stopping altogether.
|
||
|
||
Severest cyanosis developed in between and foam appeared at the mouth...
|
||
|
||
Autopsy report
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
One hour later after breathing had stopped, the spinal marrow was
|
||
completely severed and the brain was removed. Thereupon the action
|
||
of the auricle stopped for 40 seconds. In then renewed its action,
|
||
coming to a complete standstill 8 minutes later. A heavy subarchnoid
|
||
oedema was found in the brain. In the veins and arteries of the brain
|
||
a considerable quantity of air was discovered.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Untersturmfuehrer Rascher to Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler,
|
||
11 May 1942
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, p. 152-155]
|
||
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Highly esteemed Reich Leader,
|
||
|
||
Enclosed I am forwarding a short summary on the principle experiments
|
||
conducted up to date...
|
||
|
||
For the following experiments Jewish professional criminals who had
|
||
committed race pollution were used. The question of the formation of
|
||
embolism was investigated in 10 cases. Some of the experimental subjects
|
||
died during a continued high-altitude experiment; for instance, after
|
||
one-half hour at the height of 12 Km. After the skull had been opened
|
||
under water an ample amount of air embolism was found in the brain
|
||
vessels and, in part, free air in the brain ventricles.
|
||
|
||
To find out whether the severe psychic and physical effects, as
|
||
mentioned under No. 3, are due to the formation of embolism, the
|
||
following was done: After relative recuperation from such a
|
||
parachute descending test had taken place, however, before regaining
|
||
consciousness, some experimental subjects were kept under water
|
||
until they died. When the skull and the cavities of the breast and
|
||
of the abdomen had been opened under water, an enormous amount of
|
||
air embolism was found in the vessels of the brain, the coronary
|
||
vessels, and vessels of the liver and the intestines, etc.
|
||
|
||
It was also proved by experiments that air embolism occurs in
|
||
practically all vessels even while pure oxygen is being inhaled.
|
||
One experimental subject was made to breathe pure oxygen for
|
||
2.5 hours before the experiment started. After 6 minutes at a
|
||
height of 20 Km, he died and at dissection also showed ample
|
||
air embolism, as was the case in all other experiments.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Report by SS-Untersturmfuehrer Rascher about intense cooling experiments
|
||
in Dachau concentration camps, 10 September 1942
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, p. 220]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
The experimental subjects were placed in the water, dressed in complete
|
||
flying uniform, winter or summer combination, and with an aviator's
|
||
helmet. A life jacket made out of rubber kapok was to prevent
|
||
submerging. The experiments were carried out at water temperatures
|
||
varying from from 2.5 to 12 Centigrade. In one experimental series,
|
||
the occiput (brain stem) protruded above the water, while in another
|
||
series of experiments the occiput (brain stem) and back of the head
|
||
were submerged in water.
|
||
|
||
Electrical measurements gave low temperature readings of 26.4 in the
|
||
stomach and 26.5 in the rectum. Fatalities occurred only when the
|
||
brain stem and the back of the head were also chilled. Autopsies of
|
||
of such fatal cases always revealed large amounts of free blood, up
|
||
to one-half litter, in the cranial cavity.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Report by Prof. Dr. Holzloehner, Dr. Rascher, and Dr. Finke, regarding
|
||
cooling experiments, 10 October 1942
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, p. 226-243]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
If the experimental subject was placed in the water under narcosis,
|
||
one observed a certain arousing effect. The subject began to groan
|
||
and made some defensive movements. In a few cases a state of excitation
|
||
developed. This was especially severe in the cooling of head and
|
||
neck. But never was a complete cessation of the narcosis observed.
|
||
The defensive movements ceased after about 5 minutes. There
|
||
followed a progressive rigor, which developed especially strongly
|
||
in the arm musculature; the arms were strongly flexed and pressed to
|
||
the body. The rigor increased with the continuation of the cooling,
|
||
now and then interrupted by tonic-clonic twitchings. With still more
|
||
marked sinking of the body temperature it suddenly ceased. These
|
||
cases ended fatally, without any successful results from resuscitation
|
||
efforts.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Untersturmfuehrer Dr. Rascher to SS-Sturmbannfuehrer
|
||
Rudolph Brandt, October 3 1942
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. I, p. 221-222]
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
The Reich leader SS wants to be informed of the state of the
|
||
experiments. I can announce that the experiments have been
|
||
concluded, with the exception of those on warming with body
|
||
heat. The final report will be ready in about 5 days. Prof.
|
||
Holzloehner, for reasons I cannot fathom, does not himself
|
||
want to make the report to the Reich Leader Himmler and has
|
||
asked me to attend to it. This report must be made before
|
||
20 October, because the great Luftwaffe [German air-force]
|
||
conference on freezing takes place on Nuernberg on 25 October.
|
||
The report on the results of our research must be made there,
|
||
to assure that they be used in time for the troops. May I ask
|
||
you to arrange for a decision from the Reich Leader regarding
|
||
the final report to him, and the submission to him of the
|
||
relevant material?
|
||
|
||
Today I received your letter of 22 September 1942, in which the
|
||
Reich Leader orders that the experiments on warming through
|
||
body heat must absolutely be conducted. Because of incomplete
|
||
address it was delayed. Today I asked Obersturmbannfuehrer
|
||
Sievers to send a telegram to the camp commander immediately,
|
||
to the effect that four Gypsy women be procured at once
|
||
from another camp. Moreover, I asked SS Obersturmbannfuehrer
|
||
Sievers to take steps to have the low pressure chamber ready
|
||
for use.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
THE ECONOMIC PLUNDER
|
||
*********************
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Brigadefuehrer Frank to chief of administration of
|
||
Auschwitz, concerning the utilization and distribution of "evacuated"
|
||
Jews, 26 September 1942
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. XIII, p. 256-258]
|
||
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
e) Women's clothing and women underwear including footwear, children's
|
||
clothing and children's underwear including footwear have to be handed
|
||
over to the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle against payment...
|
||
|
||
f) Featherbeads, quilts, woolen blankets, cloth for suits, shawls,
|
||
umbrellas, walking sticks, thermos flasks, earflaps, baby carriages,
|
||
combs, handbags, leather belts, shopping baskets, tobacco pipes,
|
||
sun glasses, mirrors, table knives, forks and spoons, knapsacks, and
|
||
suitcases made from leather or artificial material are to be delivered
|
||
to the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle. The question of payment will be
|
||
decided later...
|
||
|
||
h) Spectacles and eyeglasses of every kind are to be handed in to
|
||
the medical office for utilization. (Spectacles with golden frames
|
||
have to be handed in without glasses together with the rare metals).
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from prison warden Guenther to the general commissar of white
|
||
Ruthenia, Minsk, 31 May 1943
|
||
[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
|
||
Off., 1946, Vol. VIII, p. 208]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Since that time all German and Russian Jews who were turned to us,
|
||
had their golden bridgework, crowns and fillings pulled or broken
|
||
out. This happens 1 to 2 hours before the respective action.
|
||
|
||
Since April 13 1943, 516 German and Russian Jews have been finished
|
||
off. On the basis of a definitive investigation, gold was taken
|
||
only in two actions, on 14 April 1943 from 172, and on 27 April
|
||
1943 from 164 Jews. About 50% of the Jews had gold teeth, bridgework
|
||
or fillings. Hauptscharfuehrer Ruebe of the security police was always
|
||
personally present and he took the gold along too.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Gruppenfuehrer Katzmann to SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Kruger,
|
||
regarding the "solution of the Jewish problem in Galicia", and giving
|
||
a breakdown of property taken from the Jews, June 30, 1943
|
||
[Documents on the Holocaust - Edited by Y. Arad, Y. Gutman, A. Margaliot,
|
||
NY, Ktav Pub. House in Association with Yad-Vashem, 1981, p. 335-341]
|
||
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Valuables were secured and handed over to the special staff
|
||
"Reinhard". Apart from furniture and large quantities of textile,
|
||
etc., the following were confiscated and delivered to special staff
|
||
"Reinhard":
|
||
|
||
As of June 30, 1943:
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
20.952 Kg - wedding rings - gold
|
||
22.740 Kg - pearls
|
||
11.730 Kg - gold teeth
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
|
||
Report by SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Pohl to Himmler's office, February
|
||
6 1943, listing items plundered from Jewish victims and delivered
|
||
to various Nazi organizations
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. V, p. 699-703]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Report on the realization of textile-salvage from the Jewish
|
||
resettlement up to the present date...
|
||
|
||
1. Reich ministry of economics
|
||
|
||
Men's old clothing without underwear 97,000 sets
|
||
Women's old clothing without underwear 76,000 sets
|
||
women's silk underwear 89,000 sets
|
||
Total 34 cars
|
||
Rags - 400 cars, 2,700,000 Kg
|
||
Bed feathers - 130 cars, 270,000 Kg
|
||
Women's hair - 1 car, 3,000 Kg
|
||
Scrap material - 5 cars, 19,000 Kg
|
||
|
||
2. Office for Germanization
|
||
|
||
Men's clothing:
|
||
|
||
Pants - 62,000
|
||
Shirts - 132,000
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
Shoes - 31,000 pairs
|
||
|
||
Women's clothing:
|
||
|
||
Coats - 155,000
|
||
Dresses - 119,000
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
Panties - 60,000
|
||
Brassiers - 25,000
|
||
Underwear - 22,000
|
||
Kerchiefs - 85,000
|
||
Shoes - 111,000
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
211 cars
|
||
[Many more organizations and items cited]
|
||
|
||
Grand Total 825 cars
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Report by SS-Grupenfuehrer Globocnik listing items plundered
|
||
from the Jewish victims of "Operation Reinhard" and delivered to
|
||
various Nazi organizations. Attached is a detailed list, prepared
|
||
by SS-Sturmbannfuehrer Wippern on February 27, 1943.
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. V, p. 704-709]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Valuation of Jewish belongings delivered up to 3 February 1943
|
||
|
||
1. cash - RM 15,931,722.01
|
||
Delivery SS Econ. Krakow - RM 31,500,000.00
|
||
SS WVHA Berlin - RM 5,581,411.50
|
||
----------------
|
||
RM 53,013,133.51
|
||
|
||
[At that time, 2.5 RM were equal to 1 US Dollar].
|
||
|
||
2. Foreign currency, notes
|
||
|
||
[Long list] total RM 1,452,904.65
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
|
||
5. Other Valuables
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
2,894 gold gentlemen's pocket watches
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
7,313 gold ladies' wrist watches
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
13,455 gentlemen's pocket watches
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
22,324 spectacles
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
7,000 fountain pens
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
51,370 watches to be repaired
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
230 clinical thermometers
|
||
|
||
[many items deleted]
|
||
|
||
Total RM 26,089,800.00
|
||
|
||
6. Textiles
|
||
|
||
462 boxcars rags
|
||
253 boxcars feathers for bedding
|
||
317 boxcars clothes and linen
|
||
|
||
Total RM 13,294,400.00
|
||
|
||
Summary
|
||
|
||
1. Delivered cash and cash on hand RM 53,013,133.51
|
||
2. Foreign currency, notes RM 1,452,904.65
|
||
3. Foreign currency, minted gold RM 843,802.75
|
||
4. Precious metals RM 5,353,943.00
|
||
5. Other items RM 26,089,800.00
|
||
6. Textiles RM 13,294,400.00
|
||
|
||
Total RM 100,047,983.91
|
||
|
||
|
||
[In April 8, 1945, an immense amount of SS loot was discovered hidden in
|
||
a salt mine in Merkers, Germany. Among other items, it contained
|
||
369.6. lbs of rings and 385 lbs of gold and silver teeth feeling. This
|
||
is reported in Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military
|
||
Tribunals - Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. XIII,
|
||
p. 376].
|
||
|
||
|
||
AUSCHWITZ
|
||
*********
|
||
|
||
|
||
Report entitled "Resettlement of Jews" written by SS-Sturmbannfuehrer
|
||
Gricksch for SS-Col. von Herff and Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler, after
|
||
inspection of Auschwitz camp on 14-16 May 1943.
|
||
[Hitler and the Final Solution - G. Fleming, University of California
|
||
Press, 1984, p. 142-143]
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
The Auschwitz camp plays a special role in the resolution of the Jewish
|
||
question. The most advance methods permit the execution of the
|
||
Fuehrer-order in the shortest possible time and without arousing much
|
||
attention. The so-called "resettlement action" runs the following
|
||
course: The Jews arrive in special trains (freight cars) toward
|
||
evening and are driven on special tracks to areas of the camp
|
||
specifically set aside for this purpose. There the Jews are unloaded
|
||
and examined for their fitness to work by a team of doctors, in the
|
||
presence of the camp commandant and several SS officers. At this point
|
||
anyone who can somehow be incorporated into the work program is put in
|
||
a special camp. The curably ill are sent straight to a medical camp
|
||
and are restored to health through a special diet. The basic principle
|
||
behind everything is: conserve all manpower for work. The previous
|
||
type of "resettlement action" has been thoroughly rejected, since it
|
||
is too costly to destroy precious work energy on a continual basis.
|
||
|
||
The unfit go to cellars in a large house which are entered from
|
||
outside. They go down five or six steps into a fairly long,
|
||
well-constructed and well-ventilated cellar area, which is lined with
|
||
benches to the left and right. It is brightly lit, and the benches are
|
||
numbered. The prisoners are told that they are to be cleansed and
|
||
disinfected for their new assignments. They must therefore completely
|
||
undress to be bathed. To avoid panic and to prevent disturbances of
|
||
any kind, they are instructed to arrange their clothing neatly under
|
||
their respective numbers, so that they will be able to find their
|
||
things again after their bath. Everything proceeds in a perfectly
|
||
orderly fashion. Then they pass through a small corridor and enter a
|
||
large cellar room which resembles a shower bath. In this room are
|
||
three large pillars, into which certain materials can be lowered from
|
||
outside the cellar room. When three- to four-hundred people have been
|
||
herded into this room, the doors are shut, and containers filled with
|
||
the substances are dropped down into the pillars. As soon as the
|
||
containers touch the base of the pillars, they release particular
|
||
substances that put the people to sleep in one minute. A few minutes
|
||
later, the door opens on the other side, where the elevator is
|
||
located. The hair of the corpses is cut off, and their teeth are
|
||
extracted (gold-filled teeth) by specialists (Jews). It has been
|
||
discovered that Jews were hiding pieces of Jewelry, gold, platinum
|
||
etc., in hollow teeth. Then the corpses are loaded into elevators and
|
||
brought up to the first floor, where ten large crematoria are located.
|
||
(Because fresh corpses burn particularly well, only 50-100 lbs. of
|
||
coke are needed for the whole process.) The job itself is performed
|
||
by Jewish prisoners, who never step outside this camp again.
|
||
|
||
The results of this "resettlement action" to date: 500,000 Jews.
|
||
Current capacity of the "resettlement action" ovens: 10,000 in 24
|
||
hours.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Notes From Diary of SS-Doctor Kremer, while in Auschwitz
|
||
['The Good Old Days' - E. Klee, W. Dressen, V. Riess, The Free Press,
|
||
NY, 1988, p. 256-268]
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
2 September 1942
|
||
|
||
3.00 a.m. attended my first Sonderaktion. Dante's Inferno seems to
|
||
me almost a comedy compared to this. They don't call Auschwitz the
|
||
extermination camp for nothing!
|
||
|
||
[Sonderaktion = special action, meaning extermination; in this case,
|
||
gassing. See, for instance, two following document].
|
||
|
||
5 September 1942
|
||
|
||
In the morning attended a Sonderaktion from the women's concentration
|
||
camp (Muslims); the most dreadful of horrors. Hschf. Thilo -- army
|
||
doctor -- was right when he said to me this is the 'anus mundi'. In
|
||
the evening towards 8.00 attended another Sonderaktion from
|
||
Holland.
|
||
|
||
['Muslims' does not mean "practicing Islam"; this is the way the SS
|
||
referred to emaciated people].
|
||
|
||
10 October 1942
|
||
|
||
Extracted and fixed fresh live material from liver, spleen and
|
||
pancreas...
|
||
|
||
11 October 1942
|
||
|
||
Today, Sunday, there was roast hare for lunch -- a real fat leg -- with
|
||
dumplings and red cabbage for 1.25 RM.
|
||
|
||
|
||
12 October 1942
|
||
|
||
Second inoculation against typhus, later on in the evening severe
|
||
generalized reaction (fever). Despite this in the night attended a
|
||
further Sonderaktion from Holland (1,600 persons). Ghastly scenes in
|
||
front of the last bunker! That was the 10th Sonderaktion.
|
||
|
||
|
||
13 November 1942
|
||
|
||
Extracted fresh live material (liver, spleen and pancreas) from a
|
||
previously photographed, severely atrophied Jewish prisoner aged
|
||
eighteen. Fixed as always, liver and spleen in Carnoy and pancreas in
|
||
Zenker (Prisoner No. 68,030).
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Rodl to the inspector of
|
||
concentration camps, SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Liebehenschel, 14
|
||
November 1941
|
||
[Hitler and the Final Solution - G. Fleming, University of California
|
||
Press, 1984, p. 99]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
The Commandant's office has submitted to date two lists recommending
|
||
the conferment of the Kreigverdienstkreuz [war service cross]. In
|
||
both of these appear SS personnel who participated in executions. We
|
||
herewith request confirmation as to whether these names should be
|
||
listed once again in the roll currently under preparation. Further
|
||
requested is information as to whether in the recommendation lists
|
||
under "reasons and comments of immediate superior" there should be
|
||
specified "execution, i.e., special action" or whether a general,
|
||
routine reason should be given.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from Bischoff, head of construction management at Auschwitz, to
|
||
the SS economic and administrative head office in Berlin, regarding
|
||
construction at Auschwitz, 13 October 1942
|
||
[Auschwitz: Technique and operation of the gas chambers - J.C Pressac,
|
||
the Beate Klarsfeld Foundation, NY, 1989, p. 198]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
As regards the construction of the new crematorium building, it was
|
||
necessary to start immediately in July 1942 because of the situation
|
||
caused by the special actions.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Sturmbannfuehrer Bischoff, of the Auschwitz construction
|
||
department, to SS General Kammler, January 29, 1943
|
||
[The Final Solution: The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe,
|
||
1939-1945 - G. Reitlinger, South Brunswick, T. Yosellof, 1968, p. 158-159]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Crematorium No. 2. The completed furnaces have been started up in
|
||
the presence of Engineer Prufer from Messers. Topf (of Erfurt). The
|
||
planks cannot yet be moved from the ceiling of the mortuary cellar
|
||
on account of frost, but this is not important, as the gassing
|
||
cellar can be used for that purpose. The ventilation plant has
|
||
been held up by restrictions on rail transport, but the installation
|
||
should be ready by February 20th.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Sturmbannfuehrer Bischoff, March 6 1943
|
||
[Auschwitz: Technique and operation of the gas chambers - J.C Pressac,
|
||
the Beate Klarsfeld Foundation, NY, 1989, p. 434]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
... order of 6/3/1943 concerning the delivery of a gas tight door
|
||
100 x 192 cm for cellar I of Krematorium III, to be produced to
|
||
the identical pattern and dimensions as the cellar door of
|
||
Krematorium II which is situated opposite, with peephole of
|
||
double 8 mm glass, with rubber sealing strip and frame.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Sturmbannfuehrer Jahrling to SS-General Kammler
|
||
estimating the number of corpses that can be disposed off in 24 hours
|
||
in the Auschwitz crematoriums, June 25 1943
|
||
[Auschwitz: Technique and operation of the gas chambers - J.C Pressac,
|
||
the Beate Klarsfeld Foundation, NY, 1989, p. 247]
|
||
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
1.) Crematorium I
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
3 x 2 muffles 340 persons
|
||
|
||
2.) Crematorium II
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
5 x 3 muffles 1440 persons
|
||
|
||
3.) Crematorium III
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
5 x 3 muffles 1440 persons
|
||
|
||
4.) Crematorium IV
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
8 muffles 768 persons
|
||
|
||
5.) Crematorium V
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
8 muffles 768 persons
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
A letter asking for a truck to bring Zyklon-B to Auschwitz; uses the
|
||
standard camouflage term "resettlement of Jews" to refer to
|
||
extermination. Another such document asks for "material for special
|
||
treatment" - another term used to disguise extermination.
|
||
[Auschwitz: Technique and operation of the gas chambers - J.C Pressac,
|
||
the Beate Klarsfeld Foundation, NY, 1989, p. 557]
|
||
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Radio message 13
|
||
SS Garrison Radio Station Auschwitz
|
||
Origin WVHA [SS economic administration head office]
|
||
|
||
Received 2nd October 1942 in the Kommandantur of Auschwitz
|
||
Concentration camp
|
||
|
||
The movement authorization for one 5 Ton truck with trailer to
|
||
Dessau and back in order to pick up material for the resettlement
|
||
of the Jews, is hereby accorded.
|
||
The authorization is to be given to the driver.
|
||
|
||
Liebehenschel
|
||
SS Lieutenant Colonel
|
||
Permanent representative of the head
|
||
of the service with the rank of Waffen SS
|
||
Lieutenant General
|
||
|
||
For file
|
||
|
||
Head of the radio station
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from SS-Sturmbannfuehrer Jahrling to Topf & Sons, March 6 1943
|
||
[Auschwitz: Technique and operation of the gas chambers - J.C Pressac,
|
||
the Beate Klarsfeld Foundation, NY, 1989, p. 221]
|
||
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
[This document is interesting for two reasons: first, it demonstrates
|
||
that the underground cellars in the crematoriums could not have possibly
|
||
been morgues, as morgues are never heated; heating, however, does
|
||
facilitate the evaporation of Zyklon-B. Also, the document - like
|
||
many others - makes reference to an "undressing room", and there is
|
||
no reason for a morgue to have one near by. Pressac contains numerous
|
||
other documents attesting to the design and use of the Auschwitz gas
|
||
chambers. Even the fake shower heads are mentioned].
|
||
|
||
Subject: KL Auschwitz Krematorien II and III
|
||
|
||
In accordance with your suggestion, the service agrees that cellar 1
|
||
should be preheated with the air coming from the rooms of the 3
|
||
forced draught installations. The supply and installation of the
|
||
ductwork and blowers necessary to this end are to be effected as soon
|
||
as possible. As you point out in your above-mentioned letter,
|
||
execution should commence this week. We would ask you to send in
|
||
triplicate detailed quote for supply and installation.
|
||
|
||
At the same time, we would ask you to send an additional quotation
|
||
for the modification of the air-extraction installation in the
|
||
undressing room.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
KRISTALLNACHT
|
||
*************
|
||
|
||
Message from SS-Grupenfuehrer Heydrich to all State Police Main
|
||
Offices and Field Offices, November 10 1938 (before "Kristallnacht",
|
||
the "night of broken glass", the first large scale pogrom
|
||
against the Jews)
|
||
[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
|
||
Off., 1946, Vol. III, p. 545-547]
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Regards: Measures against Jews tonight.
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
|
||
a) Only such measures may be taken which do not jeopardize
|
||
German life or property (for instance, burning of synagogues
|
||
only if there is no danger of fires for the neighbourhoods).
|
||
|
||
b) Business establishments and homes of Jews may be destroyed but
|
||
not looted. The police have been instructed to supervise the
|
||
execution of these directives and to arrest looters.
|
||
|
||
c) In Business streets special care is to be taken that non-Jewish
|
||
establishments will be safeguarded at all cost against damage.
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
|
||
As soon as the events of this night permit the use of the designated
|
||
officers, as many Jews, particularly wealthy ones, as the local
|
||
jails will hold, are to be arrested in all districts. Initially
|
||
only healthy male Jews, not too old, are to be arrested. After
|
||
the arrests have been carried out the appropriate concentration
|
||
camp is to be contacted immediately with a view to a quick
|
||
transfer of the Jews to the camps...
|
||
|
||
|
||
VERDICT OF SS-COURT
|
||
*******************
|
||
|
||
Excerpts from Verdict of the SS Court in Munich, against
|
||
SS-Untersturmfuehrer Max Taubner, 24 of May 1943
|
||
['The Good Old Days' - E. Klee, W. Dressen, V. Riess, The Free Press,
|
||
NY, 1988, p, 196-207]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
1. The accused shall not be punished because of the actions against
|
||
the Jews as such. The Jews have to be exterminated and none of the
|
||
Jews that were killed is any great loss. Although the accused should
|
||
have recognized that the extermination of the Jews was the duty of
|
||
Kommandos which were set up especially for this purpose, he should
|
||
be excused for considering himself to have the authority to take
|
||
part in the extermination of Jewry himself. Real hatred of the Jews
|
||
was the driving motivation for the accused. In the process he let
|
||
himself be drawn into committing cruel actions in Alexandriya which
|
||
are unworthy of a German man and an SS-officer. These excesses cannot
|
||
be justified, either, as the accused would like to, as retaliation
|
||
for the pain that the Jews have caused the German people. It is not
|
||
the German way to apply Bolshevic methods during the necessary
|
||
extermination of the worst enemy of our people. In so doing the
|
||
conduct of the accused gives rise to considerable concern. The
|
||
accused allowed his men to act with such vicious brutality that
|
||
they conducted themselves under his command like a savage horde...
|
||
|
||
2. By taking photographs of the incidents or having photographs
|
||
taken, by having these developed in photographic shops and showing
|
||
them to his wife and friends, the accused is guilty of disobedience.
|
||
Such pictures could pose the gravest risks to the security of the
|
||
Reich if they fell into the wrong hands...
|
||
|
||
|
||
Dismissal of the case against the remaining parties, 1 June 1943
|
||
|
||
The following has been established on the basis of the main trial
|
||
of SS-Untersturmfuehrer Max Taubner...
|
||
The following men were party to the punishable acts committed or
|
||
ordered by SS-Untersturmfuehrer Max Taubner:
|
||
|
||
1. SS-Unterscharfuehrer Walter Muller particularly stood out during
|
||
the shootings of Jews with the brutality with which he tore small
|
||
Jewish children from their mothers. He held these children in
|
||
front of him with his left hand and then, with his right hand,
|
||
shot them with a pistol.
|
||
|
||
.
|
||
. [three more SS-personnel accused]
|
||
.
|
||
|
||
Allowances have been made for the fact that the accused were, without
|
||
exception, acting on the orders of and under the responsibility
|
||
of Untersturmfuehrer Max Taubner. In this respect, their own
|
||
culpability may be described as slight...
|
||
|
||
The cases against these accused have therefore been dismissed.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
MISC
|
||
****
|
||
|
||
Memorandum from the Ministry of Justice to Hitler, regarding prosecution
|
||
of a Jewess for selling her mother milk to a German pediatrician
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. III, p. 701-702]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
After the birth of her child, a full-blooded Jewess sold her mother
|
||
milk to a pediatrician and concealed that she was a Jewess. With
|
||
this milk babies of German blood were fed in a nursing home for
|
||
children. The accused will be charged with deception. The buyers of
|
||
the milk have suffered damage, for mother's milk from a Jewess
|
||
cannot be regarded as food for German children. The impudent behavior
|
||
of the accused is an insult as well. Relevant charges, however, have
|
||
not been applied for, so that the parents, who are unaware of the
|
||
true facts, need not subsequently be worried.
|
||
|
||
I shall discuss with the Reich health leader the racial hygienic
|
||
aspect of the case.
|
||
|
||
R. Rothenberger.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Death to the "Race Defiler":
|
||
Excerpts from Opinion and Sentence of the Nuernberg Special Court in
|
||
the Katzenberger Case
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. III, 653-663]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Findings:
|
||
|
||
1. The defendant Katzenberger is fully Jewish and a German national; he
|
||
is a member of the Jewish religious community...
|
||
|
||
2. Irene Seiler is a German citizen of German blood...
|
||
|
||
[Testimonies about the relationship between Katzenberger and Seiler deleted]
|
||
|
||
The court is therefore convinced that Katzenberger, after the Nuernberg laws
|
||
had come into effect, had repeated sexual intercourse with Seiler, up to
|
||
March 1940...
|
||
|
||
The conduct to which the defendants admitted and which in the case of
|
||
Katzenberger and consisted in drawing Seiler close to him, kissing
|
||
her, patting and caressing her thighs over her clothes, makes it clear
|
||
that in a crude manner Katzenberger did to Seiler what is popularly
|
||
called "Abschmieren" [petting]. It is obvious that such actions
|
||
are motivated only by sexual impulses. Even if the Jew had only done
|
||
these so-called "Ersatzhandlungen" [sexual acts in lieu of actual
|
||
intercourse] to Seiler, it would have been sufficient to charge him
|
||
with racial pollution in the full sense of the law...
|
||
|
||
He is therefore guilty of a continuous crime of racial pollution
|
||
according to sections 2 and 5, paragraph 11 of the Law for
|
||
Protection of German Blood and German Honor of 15 September 1935...
|
||
|
||
As the only feasible answer to the frivolous conduct of the defendant,
|
||
the court therefore deems it necessary to pronounce the death sentence
|
||
as the heaviest punishment provided by section 4 of the decree
|
||
against public enemies...
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Various excerpts from anti-semitic publications
|
||
[All taken from Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington,
|
||
U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1946, Vol. VIII]
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
p. 4:
|
||
[Speech by Julius Streicher, September 5 1937, reported in the
|
||
Fraenkische Tageszeitung]
|
||
|
||
The Jew no longer shows himself among us openly as he used to. But it would
|
||
be wrong to say that victory is ours. Full and final victory will have
|
||
been achieved only when the whole world has been rid of the Jews.
|
||
|
||
p. 7:
|
||
[Leading article by Streicher from "Der Stuermer" No. 39, September 1936]
|
||
|
||
The continued work of the "Stuermer" will help to ensure that every German
|
||
down to the last man will, with heart and hand, join the ranks of those
|
||
whose aim is to crush the head of the serpent Pan-Juda beneath their
|
||
heels. He who helps to bring this about helps to eliminate the devil.
|
||
And this devil is the Jew.
|
||
|
||
p. 11:
|
||
[Streicher's speech in Nuernberg, April 3 1925, taken from "Kampf dem
|
||
Weltfeind", p. 42]
|
||
|
||
Let us make a new beginning today so that we can annihilate the Jew.
|
||
|
||
p. 12:
|
||
[Deutche Volksgesundheit aus Blut und Boden, New Year's issue 1935]
|
||
|
||
One single cohabitation of a Jew with an Aryan woman is sufficient to
|
||
poison her blood forever. Together with the alien albumen she has
|
||
absorbed the alien soul. Never again will she be able to bear purely
|
||
Aryan children, even when married to an Aryan. They will all be
|
||
bastards, with a dual soul and the body of a mixed breed.
|
||
|
||
p. 19:
|
||
[Article signed by Streicher in "Der Stuermer", No, 12, March 19
|
||
1942, pages 1 and 2]
|
||
|
||
There were two ways which might have led to a liberation of Europe
|
||
from the Jews: Expulsion or extermination! Both methods have been
|
||
tried in the course of the centuries, but they were never carried
|
||
to a conclusion...
|
||
|
||
The teaching of Christianity has stood in the way of a radical
|
||
solution of the Jewish problem in Europe...
|
||
|
||
Fate has decreed that it was finally left to the 20th century to see
|
||
the total solution of the Jewish problem. Just how this solution
|
||
will be achieved has been made known to the European nations and
|
||
to entire non-Jewish humanity in a proclamation read out by the
|
||
Fuehrer of the German people on the 24th February 1942:
|
||
|
||
Today the ideas of our Nationalsocialists and those of the Fascist
|
||
revolution have conquered large and mighty nations and my
|
||
prophecy will find its fulfillment, that in this war not the
|
||
Aryan race will be destroyed, but the Jew will be exterminated.
|
||
What ever else this struggle may lead to, or however long it
|
||
may endure, this will be the final result.
|
||
|
||
p. 29:
|
||
|
||
Report of Streicher's address to 2,000 children at Nuernberg,
|
||
Christmas 1936, from Fraenkische Tegeszeitung, 22nd
|
||
December 1936
|
||
|
||
Two thousand children rejoiced with Julius Streicher...
|
||
|
||
The Gauleiter [Streicher] told the little ones about the terrible times
|
||
after the war, when the Devil dominated mankind. "Do you know who the
|
||
Devil is", he asked his breathlessly listening audience. "The Jew, the
|
||
Jew", resounded from a thousand children's voices.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from the Minister of State for the Protectorate of Bohemia
|
||
and Moravia to Rudolph Brandt, June 13 1944, Concerning Children
|
||
of Executed Czechs
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1953, Vol. IV, p. 1030-1032]
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Dear comarade Brandt,
|
||
|
||
Concerning the matter "children of executed Czechs" I wish to
|
||
reply to your letter as directed to SS-Lieutenant General Frank,
|
||
date 6 February of this year, diary index No. 26/2/44 g Bra/H,
|
||
that the conversation between SS-Lieutenant General Frank and
|
||
SS Colonel Sollmann took place on 2 July of last year in Prague.
|
||
Colonel Sollmann stated during this conversation that racially
|
||
valuable children up to six years would be considered eligible
|
||
by the "Lebensborn"...
|
||
|
||
It was intended, to have children up to six years and suitable
|
||
for Germanization brought into German families through the
|
||
"Lebensborn"...
|
||
|
||
It is intended to have the racially acceptable elements of the
|
||
collectively housed children transferred through the "Lebensborn"
|
||
to German families or to a children's home whereas the
|
||
children over 16 years are to be sent to a concentration camp.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Extract from Himmler's address to party comrades, September 7 1940
|
||
[Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals -
|
||
Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., Vol. IV, p. 1140]
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
If any Pole has any sexual dealing with a German woman, and by this
|
||
I mean sexual intercourse, then the man will be hanged right in
|
||
front of his camp. Then the others will not do it. Besides,
|
||
provisions will be made that a sufficient number of Polish women
|
||
and girls will come along as well so that a necessity of this
|
||
kind is out of the question.
|
||
|
||
The women will be brought before the courts without mercy, and
|
||
where the facts are not sufficiently proved - such borderline
|
||
cases always happen - they will be sent to a concentration camp.
|
||
This we must do, unless these one million Poles and those
|
||
hundreds of thousands of workers of alien blood are to inflict
|
||
untold damage on the German blood. Philosophizing is of no avail
|
||
in this case. It would be better if we did not have them at all -
|
||
we all know that - but we need them.
|
||
|
||
|
||
From the speech of Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler, speaking to SS
|
||
Major-Generals, Poznan, October 4 1943
|
||
[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
|
||
Off., 1946, Vol. IV, p. 559]
|
||
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
One basic principal must be the absolute rule for the SS man: we
|
||
must be honest, decent, loyal, and comradely to members of our own
|
||
blood and to nobody else. What happens to a Russian, to a Czech,
|
||
does not interest me in the slightest. What the nations can offer
|
||
in good blood of our type, we will take, if necessary by kidnapping
|
||
their children and raising them with us. Whether nations live in
|
||
prosperity or starve to death interests me only in so far as we
|
||
need them as slaves for our culture; otherwise, it is of no interest
|
||
to me. Whether 10,000 Russian females fall down from exhaustion
|
||
while digging an anti-tank ditch interest me only in so far as
|
||
the anti-tank ditch for Germany is finished. We shall never be rough
|
||
and heartless when it is not necessary, that is clear. We Germans,
|
||
who are the only people in the world who have a decent attitude
|
||
towards animals, will also assume a decent attitude towards these
|
||
human animals. But it is a crime against our own blood to worry
|
||
about them and give them ideals, thus causing our sons and
|
||
grandsons to have a more difficult time with them. When someone
|
||
comes to me and says, "I cannot dig the anti-tank ditch with women
|
||
and children, it is inhuman, for it will kill them", then I
|
||
would have to say, "you are a murderer of your own blood because
|
||
if the anti-tank ditch is not dug, German soldiers will die, and
|
||
they are the sons of German mothers. They are our own blood".
|
||
|
||
|
||
Frank, Governor of Nazi occupied Poland, in an interview, October 3
|
||
1939
|
||
[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
|
||
Off., 1946, Vol. II, p. 632]
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Poland can only be administered by utilizing the country through
|
||
means of ruthless exploitation, deportation of all supplies, raw
|
||
materials, machines, factory installations etc., which are
|
||
important for the German war economy, availability of all workers
|
||
for work within Germany, reduction of the entire Polish economy
|
||
to absolute minimum necessary for bare existence of the population,
|
||
closing of all educational institutions, especially technical
|
||
schools and colleges in order to prevent the growth of a new
|
||
Polish intelligentsia. Poland shall be treated as a colony. the
|
||
Poles shall be the slaves of the Greater German World Empire.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Letter from Reichsfuehrer-SS Himmler to the Higher SS and Police
|
||
Chief in the Ukraine, Kiev, September 7 1943
|
||
[Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print.
|
||
Off., 1946, Supp. A, p. 1270]
|
||
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Dear Pruetzmann,
|
||
|
||
Infantry general staff has special orders with regard to the Donetz
|
||
area. Get in touch with him immediately. I order you to cooperate as
|
||
much as you can. The aim to be achieved is that when areas in the
|
||
Ukraine are evacuated, not a human being, not a single head of cattle,
|
||
not a hundredweight of cereals and not a railway line remain behind;
|
||
that not a house remain standing, not a mine is available which is
|
||
not destroyed for years to come, that there is not a well which is
|
||
not poisoned. The enemy must really find completely burned and destroyed
|
||
land. Discuss these things with Stampf straight away and do your
|
||
absolute best.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Detailed report by SS-Standartenfuehrer Jager about mass killings
|
||
in Nazi occupied USSR, July-November 1941
|
||
['The Good Old Days' - E. Klee, W. Dressen, V. Riess, The Free Press,
|
||
NY, 1988, p. 46-58].
|
||
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
[The "Jager report" was written by a commander of one of the
|
||
"Einsatzgruppen" (special task forces) which were in charge of
|
||
liquidating Jews, communist leaders, partisans and others in the
|
||
Soviet Union.
|
||
|
||
To understand the magnitude of the massacres, note the total number
|
||
of victims - 137,346. This is for one Einsatzgruppen, in a five month
|
||
period, in one area. This report reflects very clearly on the plan
|
||
to kill all the Jews, except those which were needed for working
|
||
purposes; those were, as the report notes, "only" to be sterilized;
|
||
Jager goes on to state that "if despite sterilization a Jewess becomes
|
||
pregnant she will be liquidated".
|
||
|
||
There are many documents about the Einsatzgruppen massacres in the
|
||
Soviet Union, but the "Jager report" is one of the most chillingly
|
||
detailed of them].
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The Commander of
|
||
the security police and
|
||
the SD
|
||
Einsatzkommando 3 Kauen [Kaunas], 1 December 1941
|
||
|
||
--------------------------
|
||
|Secret Reich Business! | 5 copies
|
||
-------------------------- 4th copy
|
||
|
||
Complete list of executions carried out in the EK 3 area
|
||
up to 1 December 1941
|
||
|
||
Security police duties in Lithuania taken over by Einsatzkommando 3 on
|
||
2 July 1941.
|
||
(The Wilna [Vilnius] area was taken over by EK 3 on 9 Aug. 1941, the
|
||
Schaulen area on 2 Oct. 1941. Up until these dates EK 9 operated in
|
||
Wilna and EK 2 in Schaulen.)
|
||
On my instructions and orders the following executions were conducted by
|
||
Lithuanian partisans:
|
||
|
||
4.7.41 Kauen-Fort VII 416 Jews, 47 Jewesses 463
|
||
6.7.41 Kauen-Fort VII Jews 2,514
|
||
|
||
Following the formation of a raiding squad under the command of
|
||
SS-Obersturmfuherer Hamman and 8-10 reliable men from the
|
||
Einsatzkommando. the following actions were conducted in cooperation
|
||
with Lithuanian partisans:
|
||
|
||
7.7.41 Mariampole Jews 32
|
||
8.7.41 Mariampole 14 Jews, 5 Comm. officials 19
|
||
8.7.41 Girkalinei Comm. officials 6
|
||
9.7.41 Wendziogala 32 Jews, 2 Jewesses, 1 Lithuanian
|
||
(f.), 2 Lithuanian Comm., 1
|
||
Russian Comm. 38
|
||
9.7.41 Kauen-Fort VII 21 Jews, 3 Jewesses 24
|
||
14.7.41 Mariampole 21 Jews, 1 Russ., 9 Lith. Comm. 31
|
||
17.7.41 Babtei 8 Comm. officials (incl. 6 Jews) 8
|
||
18.7.41 Mariampole 39 Jews, 14 Jewesses 53
|
||
19.7.41 Kauen-Fort VII 17 Jews, 2 Jewesses, 4 Lith.
|
||
Comm., 2 Comm. Lithuanians (f.),
|
||
1 German Comm. 26
|
||
21.7.41 Panevezys 59 Jews, 11 Jewesses, 1
|
||
Lithuanian (f.), 1 Pole, 22 Lith.
|
||
Comm., 9 Russ. Comm. 103
|
||
22.7.41 Panevezys 1 Jew 1
|
||
23.7.41 Kedainiai 83 Jews, 12 Jewesses, 14 Russ.
|
||
Comm., 15 Lith. Comm., 1 Russ.
|
||
O-Politruk 125
|
||
25.7.41 Mariampole 90 Jews, 13 Jewesses 103
|
||
28.7.41 Panevezys 234 Jews, 15 Jewesses, 19 Russ.
|
||
Comm., 20 Lith. Comm. 288
|
||
|
||
Total carried forward 3,384
|
||
|
||
|
||
Sheet 2
|
||
Total carried over 3,384
|
||
|
||
29.7.41 Rasainiai 254 Jews, 3 Lith. Comm. 257
|
||
30.7.41 Agriogala 27 Jews, 11 Lith. Comm. 38
|
||
31.7.41 Utena 235 Jews, 16 Jewesses, 4 Lith.
|
||
Comm., 1 robber/murderer 256
|
||
31.7.41 Wendziogala 13 Jews, 2 murderers 15
|
||
1.8.41 Ukmerge 254 Jews, 42 Jewesses, 1 Pol.
|
||
Comm., 2 Lith. NKVD agents, 1
|
||
mayor of Jonava who gave order
|
||
to set fire to Jonava 300
|
||
2.8.41 Kauen-Fort IV 170 Jews, 1 US Jewess, 33 Jewesses,
|
||
4 Lith. Comm. 209
|
||
4.8.41 Panevezys 362 Jews, 41 Jewesses, 5 Russ. Comm.,
|
||
14 Lith. Comm. 422
|
||
5.8.41 Rasainiai 213 Jews, 66 Jewesses 279
|
||
7.8.41 Utena 483 Jews, 87 Jewesses, 1 Lithuanian
|
||
(robber of corpses of German soldiers)571
|
||
8.8.41 Ukmerge 620 Jews, 82 Jewesses 702
|
||
9.8.41 Kauen-Fort IV 484 Jews, 50 Jewesses 534
|
||
11.8.41 Panevezys 450 Jews, 48 Jewesses, 1 Lith. 1 Russ.500
|
||
13.8.41 Alytus 617 Jews, 100 Jewesses, 1 criminal 719
|
||
14.8.41 Jonava 497 Jews, 55 Jewesses 552
|
||
15-16.8.41 Rokiskis 3,200 Jews, Jewesses, and J. Children,
|
||
5 Lith. Comm., 1 Pole, 1 partisan 3207
|
||
9-16.8.41 Rasainiai 294 Jewesses, 4 Jewish children 298
|
||
27.6-14.8.41 Rokiskis 493 Jews, 432 Russians, 56 Lithuanians
|
||
(all active communists) 981
|
||
18.8.41 Kauen-Fort IV 689 Jews, 402 Jewesses, 1 Pole (f.),
|
||
711 Jewish intellectuals from Ghetto
|
||
in reprisal for sabotage action 1,812
|
||
19.8.41 Ukmerge 298 Jews, 255 Jewesses, 1 Politruk,
|
||
88 Jewish children, 1 Russ. Comm. 645
|
||
22.8.41 Dunanburg 3 Russ. Comm., 5 Latvian, incl. 1
|
||
murderer, 1 Russ. Guardsman, 3 Poles,
|
||
3 gypsies (m.), 1 gypsy (f.), 1 gypsy
|
||
child, 1 Jew, 1 Jewess, 1 Armenian
|
||
(m.), 2 Politruks (prison inspection
|
||
in Dunanburg 21
|
||
|
||
|
||
Total carried forward 16,152
|
||
|
||
|
||
Sheet 3
|
||
Total carried forward 16,152
|
||
|
||
22.8.41 Aglona Mentally sick: 269 men, 227 women,
|
||
48 children 544
|
||
23.8.41 Panevezys 1,312 Jews, 4,602 Jewesses, 1,609
|
||
Jewish children 7,523
|
||
18-22.8.41 Kreis Rasainiai 466 Jews, 440 Jewesses, 1,020
|
||
Jewish children 1,926
|
||
25.8.41 Obeliai 112 Jews, 627 Jewesses, 421
|
||
Jewish children 1,160
|
||
25-26.8.41 Seduva 230 Jews, 275 Jewesses, 159
|
||
Jewish children 664
|
||
26.8.41 Zarasai 767 Jews, 1,113 Jewesses, 1 Lith.
|
||
Comm., 687 Jewish children, 1 Russ.
|
||
Comm. (f.) 2,569
|
||
28.8.41 Pasvalys 402 Jews, 738 Jewesses, 209
|
||
Jewish children 1,349
|
||
26.8.41 Kaisiadorys All Jews, Jewesses, and Jewish
|
||
children 1,911
|
||
27.8.41 Prienai All Jews, Jewesses, and Jewish
|
||
Children 1,078
|
||
27.8.41 Dagda and 212 Jews, 4 Russ. POW's 216
|
||
Kraslawa
|
||
27.8.41 Joniskia 47 Jews, 165 Jewesses, 143
|
||
Jewish children 355
|
||
28.8.41 Wilkia 76 Jews, 192 Jewesses, 134
|
||
Jewish children 402
|
||
28.8.41 Kedainiai 710 Jews, 767 Jewesses, 599
|
||
Jewish children 2,076
|
||
29.8.41 Rumsiskis and 20 Jews, 567 Jewesses, 197
|
||
Ziezmariai Jewish children 784
|
||
29.8.41 Utena and 582 Jews, 1,731 Jewesses, 1,469
|
||
Moletai Jewish children 3,782
|
||
13-31.8.41 Alytus and
|
||
environs 233 Jews 233
|
||
|
||
1.9.41 Mariampole 1,763 Jews, 1,812 Jewesses, 1,404
|
||
Jewish children, 109 mentally sick,
|
||
1 German subject (f.), married to a
|
||
Jew, 1 Russian (f.) 5090
|
||
|
||
Total carried over 47,814
|
||
|
||
|
||
Sheet 4
|
||
Total carried over 47,814
|
||
|
||
28.8-2.9.41 Darsuniskis 10 Jews, 69 Jewesses, 20
|
||
Jewish children 99
|
||
Carliava 73 Jews, 113 Jewesses, 61
|
||
Jewish children 247
|
||
Jonava 112 Jews, 1,200 Jewesses, 244
|
||
Jewish children 1,556
|
||
Petrasiunai 30 Jews, 72 Jewesses, 23
|
||
Jewish children 125
|
||
Jesuas 26 Jews, 72 Jewesses, 46
|
||
Jewish children 144
|
||
Agriogala 207 Jews, 260 Jewesses, 195
|
||
Jewish children 662
|
||
Jasvainai 86 Jews, 110 Jewesses, 86
|
||
Jewish children 282
|
||
Babtei 20 Jews, 41 Jewesses, 22
|
||
Jewish children 83
|
||
Wendziogala 42 Jews, 113 Jewesses, 97
|
||
Jewish children 252
|
||
Krakes 448 Jews, 476 Jewesses, 97
|
||
Jewish children 1,125
|
||
4.9.41 Pravenischkis 247 Jews, 6 Jewesses 253
|
||
Cekiske 22 Jews, 64 Jewesses, 60
|
||
Jewish children 146
|
||
Seredsius 6 Jews, 61 Jewesses, 126
|
||
Jewish children 193
|
||
Velinona 2 Jews, 71 Jewesses, 86
|
||
Jewish children 159
|
||
Zapiskis 47 Jews, 118 Jewesses, 13
|
||
Jewish children 178
|
||
5.9.41 Ukmerge 1,123 Jews, 1,849 Jewesses, 1,737
|
||
Jewish children 4,709
|
||
25.8-6.9.41 Mopping up in: 16 Jews, 412 Jewesses, 415
|
||
Rasainiai Jewish children 843
|
||
Georgenburg all Jews, all Jewesses, all
|
||
Jewish children 412
|
||
9.9.41 Alytus 287 Jews, 640 Jewesses, 352
|
||
Jewish children 1,279
|
||
9.9.41 Butrimonys 67 Jews, 370 Jewesses, 303
|
||
Jewish children 740
|
||
10.9.41 Merkine 223 Jews, 640 Jewesses, 276
|
||
Jewish children 854
|
||
10.9.41 Varena 541 Jews, 141 Jewesses, 149
|
||
Jewish children 831
|
||
11.9.41 Leipalingis 60 Jews, 70 Jewesses, 25
|
||
Jewish children 155
|
||
11.9.41 Seirijai 229 Jews, 384 Jewesses, 340
|
||
Jewish children 953
|
||
12.9.41 Simnas 68 Jews, 197 Jewesses, 149
|
||
Jewish children 414
|
||
11-12.9.41 Uzusalis Reprisal against inhabitants who
|
||
fed Russ. partisans; some in
|
||
possession of weapons 43
|
||
26.9.41 Kauen-F.IV 412 Jews, 615 Jewesses, 581
|
||
Jewish children (sick and
|
||
suspected epidemic cases) 1,608
|
||
|
||
Total carries over 66,159
|
||
|
||
|
||
Sheet 5
|
||
Total carried over 66,159
|
||
|
||
2.10.41 Zagare 633 Jews, 1,107 Jewesses, 496
|
||
Jewish children (as these Jews were
|
||
being led away a mutiny rose, which
|
||
was however immediately put down;
|
||
150 Jews were shot immediately; 7
|
||
partisans wounded) 2,236
|
||
4.10.41 Kauen-F.IX 315 Jews, 712 Jewesses, 818
|
||
Jewish children (reprisal after
|
||
German police officer shot in ghetto) 1,845
|
||
29.10.41 Kauen-F.IX 2,007 Jews, 2,920 Jewesses, 4,273
|
||
Jewish children (mopping up ghetto
|
||
of superfluous Jews) 9,200
|
||
3.11.41 Lazdijai 485 Jews, 511 Jewesses, 539
|
||
Jewish children 1,535
|
||
15.11.41 Wilkowiski 36 Jews, 48 Jewesses, 31
|
||
Jewish children 115
|
||
25.11.41 Kauen-F.IX 1,159 Jews, 1,600 Jewesses, 175
|
||
Jewish children (resettlers from
|
||
Berlin, Munich and Frankfurt am main) 2,934
|
||
29.11.41 Kauen-F.IX 693 Jews, 1,155 Jewesses, 152
|
||
Jewish children (resettlers from
|
||
from Vienna and Breslau) 2,000
|
||
29.11.41 Kauen-F.IX 17 Jews, 1 Jewess, for contravention
|
||
of ghetto law, 1 Reichs German who
|
||
converted to the Jewish faith and
|
||
attended rabbinical school, then 15
|
||
terrorists from the Kalinin group 34
|
||
|
||
EK 3 detachment in Dunanburg
|
||
in the period 13.7-21.8.41: 9,012 Jews, Jewesses and Jewish
|
||
children, 573 active Comm. 9,585
|
||
|
||
EK 3 detachment in Wilna:
|
||
12.8-1.9.41 City of Wilna 425 Jews, 19 Jewesses, 8 Comm. (m.),
|
||
9 Comm. (f.) 461
|
||
2.9.41 City of Wilna 864 Jews, 2,019 Jewesses, 817
|
||
Jewish children (sonderaktion because
|
||
German soldiers shot at by Jews) 3,700
|
||
|
||
Total carried forward 99,084
|
||
|
||
|
||
sheet 6
|
||
|
||
Total carried forward 99,804
|
||
|
||
12.9.41 City of Wilna 993 Jews, 1,670 Jewesses, 771
|
||
Jewish children 3,334
|
||
17.9.41 City of Wilna 337 Jews, 687 Jewesses, 247
|
||
Jewish children and 4 Lith. Comm. 1,271
|
||
20.9.41 Nemencing 128 Jews, 176 Jewesses, 99
|
||
Jewish children 403
|
||
22.9.41 Novo-Wilejka 468 Jews, 495 Jewesses, 196
|
||
Jewish children 1,159
|
||
24.9.41 Riess 512 Jews, 744 Jewesses, 511
|
||
Jewish children 1,767
|
||
25.9.41 Jahiunai 215 Jews, 229 Jewesses, 131
|
||
Jewish children 575
|
||
27.9.41 Eysisky 989 Jews, 1,636 Jewesses, 821
|
||
Jewish children 3,446
|
||
30.9.41 Trakai 366 Jews, 483 Jewesses, 597
|
||
Jewish children 1,446
|
||
4.10.41 City of Wilna 432 Jews, 1,115 Jewesses, 436
|
||
Jewish children 1,983
|
||
6.10.41 Semiliski 213 Jews, 359 Jewesses, 390
|
||
Jewish children 962
|
||
9.10.41 Svenciany 1,169 Jews, 1,840 Jewesses, 717
|
||
Jewish children 3,726
|
||
16.10.41 City of Wilna 382 Jews, 507 Jewesses, 257
|
||
Jewish children 1,146
|
||
21.10.41 City of Wilna 718 Jews, 1,063 Jewesses, 586
|
||
Jewish children 2,367
|
||
25.10.41 City of Wilna 1,776 Jewesses, 812 Jewish children 2,578
|
||
27.10.41 City of Wilna 946 Jews, 184 Jewesses, 73
|
||
Jewish children 1,203
|
||
30.10.41 City of Wilna 382 Jews, 789 Jewesses, 362
|
||
Jewish children 1,553
|
||
6.11.41 City of Wilna 340 Jews, 749 Jewesses, 252
|
||
Jewish children 1,341
|
||
19.11.41 City of Wilna 76 Jews, 77 Jewesses, 18
|
||
Jewish children 171
|
||
19.11.41 City of Wilna 6 POW's, 8 Poles 14
|
||
20.11.41 City of Wilna 3 POW's 3
|
||
25.11.41 City of Wilna 9 Jews, 46 Jewesses, 8 Jewish
|
||
children, 1 Pole for possession of arms
|
||
and other military equipment 64
|
||
|
||
EK 3 detachment in Minsk from
|
||
28.9-17.10.41:
|
||
|
||
Pleschnitza 620 Jews, 1,285 Jewesses,
|
||
Bischolin 1,126 Jewish children and 19
|
||
Scak Comm.
|
||
Bober
|
||
Uzda 3,050
|
||
--------
|
||
133,346
|
||
Prior to EK 3 taking over security police duties, Jews liquidated
|
||
by pogroms and executions (including partisans) 4,000
|
||
-----------
|
||
Total 137,346
|
||
|
||
|
||
Today I can confirm that our objective, to solve the Jewish problem for
|
||
Lithuania, has been achieved by EK 3. In Lithuania there are no more
|
||
Jews, apart from Jewish workers and their families.
|
||
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
|
||
The distance between from the assembly point to the graves was on average
|
||
4 to 5 Km.
|
||
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
|
||
I consider the Jewish action more or less terminated as far as
|
||
Einsatzkommando 3 is concerned. Those working Jews and Jewesses still
|
||
available are needed urgently and I can envisage that after the winter
|
||
this workforce will be required even more urgently. I am of the view
|
||
that the sterilization program of the male worker Jews should be
|
||
started immediately so that reproduction is prevented. If despite
|
||
sterilization a Jewess becomes pregnant she will be liquidated.
|
||
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
.
|
||
|
||
(signed) Jager
|
||
SS-Standartenfuehrer
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
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