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@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
<!--Fill in your link line for CSS and JS in the XSLT here! -->
</head>
<body>
<h1 id="title-index">Politics-Conspiracies-Project</h1>
<h1 id="title-index">sovconst</h1>
<nav id="menu">
<a href="../index.html">
<div class="button">Home</div>
</a>
<a href="../fulltext2.html">
<a href="../fulltext.html">
<div class="button">Fulltext</div>
</a>
<a href="../analysis.html">
@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
</div>
</a>
</nav>
<h2>sovconst</h2>
<p>To USSR-L subscribers,
There have been some postings lately asking what SOVSET is and
who it serves. In general it would not be proper to copy
@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ of the material carried by SOVSET.</p>
<p>Darrell Hammer</p>
<p> WRITING A NEW RUSSIAN CONSTITUTION</p>
<p> Darrell P. Hammer
<span class="NORP">Indiana</span> University</p>
<span class="NORP" title="NORP">Indiana</span> University</p>
<p> In June the newly elected Congress of People's Deputies of
the RSFSR resolved to write a new constitution for the republic,
and appointed a constitutional commission of 100 members under
@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ left to be resolved by the constitutional commission. The
experts were unable to agree on two important points, the nature
of the Presidential office, and the electoral system.
BASIC PRINCIPLES
The working draft solemnly proclaims the <span class="NORP">Russian</span> Federation
The working draft solemnly proclaims the <span class="NORP" title="NORP">Russian</span> Federation
to be a sovereign state, repeating the language of the
Declaration on Sovereignty adopted by the first Congress of
People's Deputies.[3] Since the RSFSR was already "sovereign"[4]
@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ obrazovanie), without defining this term. It offers the
individual "social protection against unemployment" but it does
not guarantee everyone a job.
As in the Declaration on Sovereignty, the draft provides that
citizens are under the protection of the <span class="NORP">Russian</span> Federation, both
citizens are under the protection of the <span class="NORP" title="NORP">Russian</span> Federation, both
on its territory and outside its borders.
The draft provides for procedural rights in language much
like that of the U. S. Constitution. It protects accused persons
@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ can, through a referendum, transform itself into a republic, and
any republic can become a territory. The draft lists twenty-four
functions which are reserved to the federation, and of these the
following are of special interest:
1. Preserving the unity of an all-<span class="NORP">Russian</span> market.
1. Preserving the unity of an all-<span class="NORP" title="NORP">Russian</span> market.
2. Control over natural resources.
3. Managing the money supply, including foreign currency.
4. Foreign policy and inter-state relations.
@ -195,7 +194,7 @@ following are of special interest:
9. Defense and the armed forces, security services and
federal police.
These are all functions which now belong to the all-union
government. If they are in fact assumed by the <span class="NORP">Russian</span> republic,
government. If they are in fact assumed by the <span class="NORP" title="NORP">Russian</span> republic,
the adoption of this constitution would mean the disappearance of
the USSR as we know it. In addition, the draft provides that the
federation has jurisdiction in criminal law, as at present. In
@ -206,10 +205,10 @@ This provision follows the present model, where the all-Union
Supreme Soviet enacts "fundamental laws" but the drafting of
codes is left to the union republics.[9]
The USSR is never mentioned in the working draft. However,
the document provides that the <span class="NORP">Russian</span> Federation can voluntarily
the document provides that the <span class="NORP" title="NORP">Russian</span> Federation can voluntarily
enter into a commonwealth or union with other sovereign states.
The <span class="NORP">Russian</span> Federation would reserve to itself the right to
secede from any such union. The <span class="NORP">Russian</span> language is to be the
The <span class="NORP" title="NORP">Russian</span> Federation would reserve to itself the right to
secede from any such union. The <span class="NORP" title="NORP">Russian</span> language is to be the
official language of the federation. Every subject, however, can
choose a different official language for its own territory.
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE
@ -285,7 +284,7 @@ must call a new election for that house. Version A also provides
that legislation originates in the House of People's
Representatives.
In version B the Parliament is elected for a fixed term, and
elections are to be held on the second <span class="LOC">Sunday</span> of March every
elections are to be held on the second Sunday of March every
fourth year.
The Electoral System. The draft provides for two
different electoral systems. Version I provides for single-member constituencies which are to be approximately equal in
@ -349,7 +348,7 @@ formally adopted if two-thirds of the subjects agree to
ratification.
CONCLUSION
This working draft is more than a constitution. It is also a
declaration of independence. The <span class="NORP">Russian</span> Federation, operating
declaration of independence. The <span class="NORP" title="NORP">Russian</span> Federation, operating
under this proposed constitution, would be an independent and
sovereign state. Even if the federation chose to exercise its
right to enter into a commonwealth, the resulting union would
@ -360,7 +359,7 @@ constitution before the all-union constitutional commission
finishes its work. However, the draft is far too long for an
effective constitution. Large sections of the document could be
left for enactment by the new parliament, as organic law.
Before it finishes its work, the <span class="NORP">Russian</span> commission must
Before it finishes its work, the <span class="NORP" title="NORP">Russian</span> commission must
decide what kind of presidency it wants. It ought to give
consideration to a third model--the German model, where the
President is only a ceremonial head of state and real executive