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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ of the material carried by SOVSET.</p>
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<p> WRITING A NEW RUSSIAN CONSTITUTION</p>
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<p> Darrell P. Hammer
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Indiana University</p>
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Indiana University</p>
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<p> In June the newly elected Congress of People's Deputies of
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the RSFSR resolved to write a new constitution for the republic,
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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ structure of the state. A number of questions, however, were
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left to be resolved by the constitutional commission. The
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experts were unable to agree on two important points, the nature
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of the Presidential office, and the electoral system.
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BASIC PRINCIPLES
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BASIC PRINCIPLES
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The working draft solemnly proclaims the Russian Federation
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to be a sovereign state, repeating the language of the
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Declaration on Sovereignty adopted by the first Congress of
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@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ against double jeopardy and self-incrimination, and it guarantees
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the right to counsel. To protect these rights, the draft would
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create a new office, Supreme Defender (Verkhovnyi
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pravozashchitnik), who is elected by Parliament.
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CIVIL SOCIETY
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CIVIL SOCIETY
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The chapter on civil society is designed to protect private
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property and the market system. The draft goes far beyond the U.
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S. Constitution, and proclaims private property as an
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@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ oppose the law-governed state. Political parties are not to have
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organizations within the public service, in the armed forces, or
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in the police. (An alternate version would add state enterprises
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and educational institutions to this list.)
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THE FEDERAL SYSTEM
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THE FEDERAL SYSTEM
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In July the presidium of the RSFSR Supreme Soviet issued a
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call for a "federal treaty" to be negotiated among all the
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territorial units which make up the federation.[8] The
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@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ both houses. Then the amendment must be submitted to the
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subjects of the federation for ratification. The amendment is
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formally adopted if two-thirds of the subjects agree to
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ratification.
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CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
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This working draft is more than a constitution. It is also a
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declaration of independence. The Russian Federation, operating
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under this proposed constitution, would be an independent and
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@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ decide what kind of presidency it wants. It ought to give
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consideration to a third model--the German model, where the
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President is only a ceremonial head of state and real executive
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power is vested in the head of government.
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NOTES
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NOTES
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1. Sovetskaya Rossiya, June 17, 1990.
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2. Konstitutsiya (osnovnoi zakon) Rossiiskoi federatsii.
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Proekt rabochei gruppy i gruppy ekspertov Konstitutsionnoi
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