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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
I scanned this excerpt in from the book, "The Delicate Balance" ,
written by John Zajac. 1989-1990 . ISBN Number 0-910311-57-9 .</p>
<p>** Begin Excerpt **</p>
<p> Automation
<p>** Begin Excerpt **</p>
<p> Automation
----------</p>
<p>To understand how 666 relates to this discussion, one needs to explore
<p>To understand how 666 relates to this discussion, one needs to explore
technology. One pertinent contributor to this technology is the
International Business Machines Corporation. IBM developed a laser method
of information transfer that has now become universally accepted. Lasers are
@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ time and errors are reduced. This system also provides the shopper with an
itemized receipt. That receipt information is stored in a central computer,
which keeps inventory and indicates what products the store should order, as
well as which products should no longer be carried.</p>
<p>But the use of automation is going considerably further. In fact, in Fresno,
<p>But the use of automation is going considerably further. In fact, in Fresno,
California, one of eight regional test cities, a new computer system called
Behavior Scan gives shoppers a bar code card that is read at each purchase.
The computer then keeps a detailed list of all purchases made by a family,
@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ payments if automatic payment is used (they are more confident that they
will be paid and on time). This can convenientiy save time, postage, and
worry. The world is positioned to facilitate the ever growing requirements
for increased automation and convenience.</p>
<p>The convenience of computers is everywhere. Even a simple inexpensive $3
<p>The convenience of computers is everywhere. Even a simple inexpensive $3
watch contains a computer. No longer does it merely tell time; it also can
add and subtract, keep time in three different zones, give the day and the
date, and beep at predetermined intervals. Computerized voices in fancy cars
@ -48,18 +49,18 @@ that you are almost out of fuel. The proliferation of computers has created
a strong dependence on them, for real need and pure convenience. The average
American's name is accessed 35 times a day by computer, and this is only the
beginning as we become plugged into the ever-growing system.</p>
<p>Our credit card system is also very convenient. Carrying cash is unnecessary
<p>Our credit card system is also very convenient. Carrying cash is unnecessary
and sometimes useless, for example, when renting a car or cashing a check.
With a credit card, transactions are easier, and banks are now able (and
more then willing), to deduct payment of your credit card bill automatically
from your main account.</p>
<p>In fact, paper money soon may become a thing af the past for three reasons:</p>
<p>1. The government is concerned about the advances being made in color
<p>In fact, paper money soon may become a thing af the past for three reasons:</p>
<p>1. The government is concerned about the advances being made in color
xerographic technology. Advanced copy machines will soon be able to produce
counterfeit bills that are indistinguishable from government issues. The
FBI reported that up to 20 percent of people having access to advanced color
copiers will produce some counterfeit bills.</p>
<p>2. The successful introduction of the Smart Card in France and U.S. test
<p>2. The successful introduction of the Smart Card in France and U.S. test
cities such as Washington, D.C., and Norfolk, Virginia, may render cash
obsolete. This Smart Card, manufactured by Motorola and Toshiba carries a
complete history of the user, including a physical description and health
@ -76,17 +77,17 @@ Eurocheque, Eurocard and MasterCard have already agreed to a method to make
their cards, systems, and money access interchangeable. Thus, by eliminating
checks and voluntary payments, the credit card industry would save 3.2
billion dollars per year.</p>
<p>3. The Federal Government is paying close attention to methods for taxing
<p>3. The Federal Government is paying close attention to methods for taxing
the $300 billion underground economy in the United States. Unreported income
costs the U.S. Treasury $90 billion per year. If cash were eliminated,
computers could keep track of all income.</p>
<p>Evidence that cards may soon replace cash (and checks) was provided by Arco
<p>Evidence that cards may soon replace cash (and checks) was provided by Arco
service stations and Lucky supermarkets, which announced in September 1986
that their pumps and check-out stands now accept automatic teller bank
cards. With this system, payment is deducted electronically from the user's
bank account before the user received his purchase. Within one month, 6400
service stations and supermarkets in 23 states were fitted with the system.</p>
<p>The gentlemen who came up with the laser reader in supermarkets for IBM
<p>The gentlemen who came up with the laser reader in supermarkets for IBM
also invented the means of placing the same kind of bar code beneath living
tissue in one-billionth of a second. This marking is totally invisible to
the naked eye, and it can be read only by a certain type of laser. The
@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ The fish were totally unaware of the process as the laser burned a code into
their flesh. The computer then keeps track of the codes. Years later, these
fish will be detected by the same system as they swim back upstream and are
forced through fish ladders and chutes. *</p>
<p>Just as impressive is what Walter Wriston, the chairman of CitiCorp did in
<p>Just as impressive is what Walter Wriston, the chairman of CitiCorp did in
1983. He passed a rule within the bank that was later withdrawn as a result
of public outcry. His rule stated that unless you were a depositor of $5000
or more, you were not entitled to a teller. This meant that the vast
@ -108,21 +109,21 @@ the minimum deposit higher and higher. Finally everything for everyone would
be done by machines. The concern is that we are reaching a highly automated
state, which if followed to the next logical step might have profound
impacts on how we rate life.</p>
<p>Even more startling was an "off the cuff"' statement made by an other
<p>Even more startling was an "off the cuff"' statement made by an other
chairman of an eastern megabank: He announced that a method is in place that
can imprint in human hands a silicon chip the size of the head of a pin.
That chip will include not only the person's identification number, Social
Security number, name and birthplace, but also his criminal background,
educational level financial worth in the community, and his political
affiliations.</p>
<p>* Such a system is currently manufactured by Taymar, Inc., Westminster, CO
<p>* Such a system is currently manufactured by Taymar, Inc., Westminster, CO
The U.S. Agriculture Department uses the product for cattle. Will it be
used for people in the future?</p>
<p>With such a system, the minute someone walked through the door of the bank,
<p>With such a system, the minute someone walked through the door of the bank,
he would be sensed and the bank would know who he was, where he came from,
what he did, and how much he was worth. All this would occur before a person
could reach the counter.</p>
<p>Now this was one step further than even progressive thinkers envisioned.
<p>Now this was one step further than even progressive thinkers envisioned.
There had been discussions about placing codes on the hand to be used as
identification marks, like fingerprints, similar to package bar codes in
supermarkets. With such a system you would not need cash or a validated
@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ purchase from your account. The method would be efficient in terms of cost,
speed, thoroughness, and elimination of bad checks. * But the price of all
this automation is individual independence from nameless bureaucrats looking
over your shoulder and approving (allowing) every transaction.</p>
<p>The amount of control would be unprecedented: however, the government would
<p>The amount of control would be unprecedented: however, the government would
immediately know how to put this control to use. People would no longer be
able to cheat the government because every time anyone had any money, the
government would know about it. The government could collect taxes each time
@ -144,11 +145,11 @@ move or "spend" funds. The government would monitor every transaction,
knowing precisely everyone's location, actions, and worth. Instant
evaluations, approval or disapproval, and tax deductions on every individual
would be made.</p>
<p>* Such systems are not in the distant future. Six thousand people in Sweden
<p>* Such systems are not in the distant future. Six thousand people in Sweden
have accepted a mark on their right hands in a test of a totally cashless
society. Tests also have been conducted in Japan and the Dominican Republic
in Latin America.</p>
<p>Small wonder that the government likes this idea.
<p>Small wonder that the government likes this idea.
Governments have always liked control. They would like to control
everything, even the areas they say they do not want to control, such as
business, transportation, education, religion, entertainment, and other
@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ controllers. Although there may be talk of eliminating the Federal
Department of Education there is no attempt to reduce control of school
curriculum, subsidies, and even school lunches. Most universities are
dependent on federal aid and research grants.</p>
<p>The government controls religion by granting tax exemption to "desired
<p>The government controls religion by granting tax exemption to "desired
religions" and by making it illegal to pray in school. The government
exercises control of entertainment by licensing and or censoring television,
radio, movies, and books. The Federal Government also seeks to control other
@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ governments by rewarding or threatening them with trade concessions,
military or econonic aid, sanctions, or war. The highest people in
government, it would seem, want the government to have total control of
everything.</p>
<p>In Orwell's 1984, the government "took over," and everyone was controlled by
<p>In Orwell's 1984, the government "took over," and everyone was controlled by
"Big Brother." In reality, government may take over, not through control of
transportation and censorship, but through the economy, the lending
institutions, and every financial transaction. Is it too far-fetched to
@ -178,12 +179,12 @@ sell and exist in a modern society? The technology exists. The chairman of
the megabank was asked what it would take to motivate people to put little
pieces of silicon under their skin. He answered, "a major catastrophe." He
knew people would not do it voluntarily.</p>
<p>Of course if there was a financial or national emergency (catastrophe), the
<p>Of course if there was a financial or national emergency (catastrophe), the
government would exercise unprecedented control, and compliance of citizens
would be anything but voluntary.</p>
<p> Central Computing
<p> Central Computing
-----------------</p>
<p>As mentioned earlier, the impact of computers on society has been enormous.
<p>As mentioned earlier, the impact of computers on society has been enormous.
However, their likely future role may be overwhelming. As powerful as
computers are, their effectiveness is greatly multiplied when they can
communicate with other computers. For example, missile launch command
@ -191,13 +192,13 @@ computers talk to U.S. Weather Bureau computers to update the possible
flight paths of thousands of Minuteman missiles every hour. Thus, to enhance
a system's capabilities, computers need to talk to computers. To sort out
the enormous amount of cross-references, a central computer is needed.</p>
<p>The central computer for America is in Texas, and the international computer
<p>The central computer for America is in Texas, and the international computer
that ties all the national central computers together is situated in
Brussels, Belgium. The Brussels computer is housed in a 13 story building,
the first three floors of which are occupied totally by this system's
hardware. Because of its size. the Brussels computer is referred to
affectionately as "the Beast."</p>
<p>This immense computer has enough capacity to store every detail about the
<p>This immense computer has enough capacity to store every detail about the
lives of every human being on Earth, the information contained in the
Library of Congress, and every book ever printed. Having operated for years,
it stores a growing volume of information as additional countries tie into
@ -211,18 +212,18 @@ one day. What happens to the money for the other days? The bank uses it to
float shorter loans by which the bank earns interest. Banks typically wait
longer to issue credit because they want to use the money for as many days
as possible.</p>
<p>Daily manipulation of funds by banks is common. Many banks are forced to
<p>Daily manipulation of funds by banks is common. Many banks are forced to
move their funds around the globe with the sun to have their reserves where
they are needed-in the banks that are open. Even the CIA likes the
capability of the central computer because it can check on personnel
mobility, foreign trading, and all financial transactions.</p>
<p>Many advanced computers are available with many designations, but one is
<p>Many advanced computers are available with many designations, but one is
especially interesting. NCR produced a six-core memory computer with 60
bytes per word in conjunction with six bits to the character. It is named
and advertised as the 6-60-6 which defines the size and shape of the
computer. The only way this can be pronounced is six sixty-six (666). In
computer language, 666 has a unique significance.</p>
<p>A computer is an information retrieval system, and all of its information is
<p>A computer is an information retrieval system, and all of its information is
stored as numbers. A computer's memory cell has only two states: on and off,
or mathematically 1 and 0. Thus, every number must be represented in 1's and
0's. We use a decimal system based on 10; thus, it has 10 symbols: 0, 1, 2,
@ -232,8 +233,8 @@ and 1). To manage large numbers, computers use a binary coded decimal system
comparing the groups of number listed below one can find each system's
equivalent symbol. Thus, 0011, 0111, 0101 in the binary coded decimal system
is equal to our decimal system number 1375.</p>
<p> Decimal System Binary System</p>
<p> 0-0000
<p> Decimal System Binary System</p>
<p> 0-0000
1-0001
2-0010
3-0011
@ -243,22 +244,22 @@ is equal to our decimal system number 1375.</p>
7-0111
8-1000
9-1001</p>
<p>(For various reasons, some computers use Base 8 (0-7) and therefore do not
<p>(For various reasons, some computers use Base 8 (0-7) and therefore do not
use the last two symbols shown.)</p>
<p>As shown in the BCD system, the number 6 is represented by 0110. This is
<p>As shown in the BCD system, the number 6 is represented by 0110. This is
unique because 0110 written backwards or upside-down is still 0110. The
only other number in the BCD system with the same property is its complement
1001, or 9. (However, not every computer counts past 7.) This consistency is
the same in every country in the world, unaffected by language because every
computer speaks the same language of "1's" and "0's." Thus, 011001100110
is 666 universally.</p>
<p>In the Book of Revelation; John said that 666 is the mark of the beast. This
<p>In the Book of Revelation; John said that 666 is the mark of the beast. This
number also represents the universal consistency of the computers that will
be required to control the world's finances and thus the world's people.
When John wrote 1900 years ago, he did not know anything about the binary
number system, computers, or why computers would require binary coded
decimals. Yet, he stated emphatically that the mark of the beast is 666.</p>
<p>Is this to say that the endtime beast is merely a building located in
<p>Is this to say that the endtime beast is merely a building located in
Belgium? No! The Brussels computer is no more the beast than a general is
an army. The significance is that computerization for financial dominance is
the financial beast. The beast is a false god and the worship of that false
@ -269,7 +270,7 @@ what it can acquire, influence, or accomplish, then that can qualify it as
the false god. The Brussels computer is only the figurehead of a vast,
soon-to-be indispensable financial network that will control all financial
transactions and thus all business and people.</p>
<p>He who controls the system controls all. What is feared by some is that
<p>He who controls the system controls all. What is feared by some is that
whoever is in control wiil demand that all take the code (mark) on their
hand to be able to buy and sell. Money, credit cards, and checkbooks would
be totally eliminated. Everything would be done through the government,
@ -280,13 +281,13 @@ the world leader would be the Antichrist. Of course, to have allegiance with
the Antichrist is to make a pact with the Devil. If you think that this
unified system is very far away, then you have missed some intriguing news
items.</p>
<p>As you probably are aware, the government has been talking about a national
<p>As you probably are aware, the government has been talking about a national
identification number for some time. It is supposed to make record keeping
easier and to provide a means of crosschecking. It will help find deserting
husbands who owe child support as well as locate tax evaders. Most people
anticipate that the Social Security number will play a part in this national
identification code.</p>
<p>The government's system for identification uses 18 digits, the last nine of
<p>The government's system for identification uses 18 digits, the last nine of
which are the Social Security number. Virtually every citizen in the country
over the age of 1 will be forced to have a Social Security number. At
present, a Social Security number is necessary to have a job or a
@ -300,20 +301,21 @@ universally consistent number, the government will instantly know a person's
country, region, and identity. Does that seem logical so far? But that
accounts for only 15 digits, and the system is based on 18. The missing
3-digit code specifes that you are in the system: 666.</p>
<p>All computerized companies are going to 18-digit identification codes.
<p>All computerized companies are going to 18-digit identification codes.
According to the report '666 Is Here,' Sears Roebuck is going on this system
and is committed to changing over all its credit cards. J.C. Penney's is
reported to be switching over, as well as New York Telephone. The U.S.
Government used to prefix all the serial numbers of everything it owned with
the code 451. But that also is changing; the dog tags on every soldier in
America are to be converted to 666.</p>
<p>Is that enough to concern you? The point is that 666 is a significant and
<p>Is that enough to concern you? The point is that 666 is a significant and
important part of what the future is going to hold. The Bible prophesied it.
Nostradamus explained it, and we are presently at the very edge of seeing it
become enacted. Rumors abound about people receiving checks with these
marks, governments admit they need better financial control, and the
chairman of one of the largest banks says, "It's ready; we just need a major
catastrophe."</p>
<p>** End Excerpt **
<p>** End Excerpt **
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,46 +1,47 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Title: The Proven existance of 9 dimensional planes</p>
<p>Intro: In order to understand these files, one must assume the following is
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Title: The Proven existance of 9 dimensional planes</p>
<p>Intro: In order to understand these files, one must assume the following is
completely true. If not assumed, one will be completely lost in the text of
the following files. You may laugh if you wish, but if you want to understand
the theory you must make compensations on your part. Ok, on with the file...</p>
<p>Volume I: Defining the 9 planes</p>
<p>Written by: Starmaster and Locust</p>
<p>1st dimensional plane: This plane consists of only the single dimension
<p>Volume I: Defining the 9 planes</p>
<p>Written by: Starmaster and Locust</p>
<p>1st dimensional plane: This plane consists of only the single dimension
of length. It is not advised to try to envision this dimension for it may
cause insanity, seriously.</p>
<p>2nd dimensional plane: This plane consists of both length and width. It
<p>2nd dimensional plane: This plane consists of both length and width. It
is not adviable to envision this either. The first and second planes are
not the same as the fourth dimension and are uncomprehendable except by
entities "living" in that plane of thought and sight.</p>
<p>3rd dimensional plane: This is the plane of depth. This one is easily
<p>3rd dimensional plane: This is the plane of depth. This one is easily
imagined by 4th dimensional entities, because they are so close to it, and
had just passed out of it.</p>
<p>4th dimensional plane: This is the plane that the entities that we call
<p>4th dimensional plane: This is the plane that the entities that we call
beings "live" on. It consists of the forward movement of time. It is the one
we are on right now.</p>
<p>The cross-over: This is a place where the 4th dimensional entities make their
<p>The cross-over: This is a place where the 4th dimensional entities make their
way into the 5th and above. It is often refered to as death, yet it is only a
cross-over point. At this point, all knowledge of the 4th and below
dimensions is lost.</p>
<p>5th dimensional plane: This plane consists of the backwards movement of
<p>5th dimensional plane: This plane consists of the backwards movement of
time. Although considered impossible by 4th dimensional entities, those
entities are only thinking in the 4th dimensional phase. Remember everything
else from here on out is done in metaphysical thinking.</p>
<p>6th dimensional plane: This is the plane of clairvoyance. Remember, all of
<p>6th dimensional plane: This is the plane of clairvoyance. Remember, all of
this you must assume, or no comprehension of the later explanations
will be understood. Not much is known about this plane, except you "inhabit"
the sense of clairvoyance.</p>
<p>7th dimensional plane: This is the plane of telekinesis. This is even less
<p>7th dimensional plane: This is the plane of telekinesis. This is even less
understood than the plane of clairvoyance, yet it does exist. This
often thought of as "supernatural", when in fact it a real thing.</p>
<p>8th dimensional plane: This is the plane of perception. It is the highest any
<p>8th dimensional plane: This is the plane of perception. It is the highest any
entity can evolve to. It consists of all the planes from five and up.</p>
<p>9th dimensional plane: God. Refered to by many, but understood by few. All
<p>9th dimensional plane: God. Refered to by many, but understood by few. All
cultures and beings, be it from our world or others, have this vision. God
created all life, so all life lives by him.</p>
<p>These are the explanations of all the dimensional planes. Dimensional planes
<p>These are the explanations of all the dimensional planes. Dimensional planes
are achieved by the evolution of the mind/soul/entity, which are all the
same thing. Evolution is a continual learning process. As we evolve we
understand more, yet raise more questions. This theory is to help those
@ -49,25 +50,25 @@ understand the answers to many questions concerning God and the
universe. All lifeforms were created by God, and will evolve through the
process God laid forth unto us. The universe is infinitely large, which
shows God's power is also infinitely large.</p>
<p>Volume II: Explanation of the Planes and their signifigance to the supernatural</p>
<p>Intro: This is the second part to the previous file on the proven existance of
<p>Volume II: Explanation of the Planes and their signifigance to the supernatural</p>
<p>Intro: This is the second part to the previous file on the proven existance of
9 dimensional planes. As stated in the last phile, one must assume all things
true in order to understand and comprehend the intensity of this phile. This
one will deal with the questions brought about by the theory itself.</p>
<p>One thing must be understood in this file. All the entities, in all the
<p>One thing must be understood in this file. All the entities, in all the
dimensional planes, co-exist with one another in this one universe. There is
but one universe, in which all entities live in. There are no "outside"
universes. Everything co-exists in this one universe.</p>
<p>Explanation of "Insane Persons":</p>
<p>An insane person is thought of as a person without the ability to think clearly
<p>Explanation of "Insane Persons":</p>
<p>An insane person is thought of as a person without the ability to think clearly
and comprehend things on a 4th dimensional basis. They are not "insane". That
is a term 4th dimensional entities give to those entities which are not on the
the same thought plane that the other entities are on. Every plane is just a
level of thought process. In the past file I stated that evolution is a
continuing process of learning. The "insane" persons of a 4th dimensional
community are not on the same thought plane we consider ourselves on.</p>
<p>Explanation of "supernatural" powers</p>
<p>This deals with the idea of persons who are able to channel their psychic
<p>Explanation of "supernatural" powers</p>
<p>This deals with the idea of persons who are able to channel their psychic
powers to do physical things. This also deals with fortune tellers and People
who can see the future, i.e. Nostradameus. These occurances are also explained
by the thought level that these entities are on. They are actually 6th or 7th
@ -81,28 +82,28 @@ how to do these things have been concentrating all their lives to use this
"super" power givin to them by God. If everone thought on the 8th dimension,
there would be no use for a God. It is all a process of learning and
comprehending.</p>
<p>Explanation of "Ghosts, Spirits, and Poltergeists"</p>
<p>This is about the simplest thing to explain. As I stated above, all entities
<p>Explanation of "Ghosts, Spirits, and Poltergeists"</p>
<p>This is about the simplest thing to explain. As I stated above, all entities
co-exist in the same universe, for there is only one, which is infinite.
Sometimes, 4th dimensional beings see things they aren't "supposed" to see.
People are brought up with the idea ghosts are science-fiction, when in fact
they are a real thing. Sometimes these entities are accidently crossed back for
a few seconds, years, or minutes.</p>
<p>Explanation of Heaven or the Kingdom of God</p>
<p>This is fairly easily comprehended, if one thinks beyond the 4th dimension. It
<p>Explanation of Heaven or the Kingdom of God</p>
<p>This is fairly easily comprehended, if one thinks beyond the 4th dimension. It
is but the enternity at the other side of the cross-over. What do you think the
"light at the end of the tunnel" is? It is the "other side" or 5th dimension.
People lose their physical bodies and are "able to fly" around. This also
explains the angels 4th dimensional beings continually say are immortal.</p>
<p>Explanation of Immortality</p>
<p>Immortality is an easily comprehendable concept, if one thinks of a positive
<p>Explanation of Immortality</p>
<p>Immortality is an easily comprehendable concept, if one thinks of a positive
charge and a negative charge. When thrown together, they cancel each other out.
This is the same priciple when you combine forward and reverse time together.
After you make the cross-over, your mind adapts to backwards time, yet when
backwards time collides with forward time it cancels it out. Therefore the
state of immortality is reached.</p>
<p>The one constant</p>
<p>There is but one constant in all the dimensions. Plank's constant is only
<p>The one constant</p>
<p>There is but one constant in all the dimensions. Plank's constant is only
valuable in 4th dimensional science and so is the speed of light. There is only
one constant in all of the 9 dimensions. It is the emotions. No one can explain
emotions except this phile. Emotions are the only constant of the co-existant
@ -110,13 +111,13 @@ universe. Think about it. Why do you think the "ghosts" are happy, sad, angry,
ect., ect., when you see them. It is because of the power and intensity of the
emotional constant. When emotions of the 5th and above dimensional entities
gains great intensity, it then is transfered to all other dimensions.</p>
<p>That about does it for this file. That pretty much explains everything that I
<p>That about does it for this file. That pretty much explains everything that I
can think of dealing with the unexplainable. If you can think of any more,
leave mail on Centre of Eternity for Starmaster (#75). I will ponder for the
answer, until I can get a suitable one using this theory. None will be turned
away. Who knows, maybe I'll get enough quetions to write another phile. Slatez
dudes.</p>
<p>Greets to all metaphysical thinkers. This should answer some of your questions.
<p>Greets to all metaphysical thinkers. This should answer some of your questions.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Call Centre of Eternity-(615)552-5747/ 40 megs on-line/ 12/2400 baud.
@ -124,4 +125,5 @@ HQ of The Esoteric Society and Toxic Shock
Call Ripco-(312)528-5020/ 12-9600 baud/ 60+ megs online
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>The A-Z of Conspiracy
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>The A-Z of Conspiracy
As everyone knows, we are never allowed to know who is really
controlling our lives/the country/the world. But is this knowledge a
dangerous thing? To clear up this question beyond reasonable doubt
@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ sinister back offices in which true power (and general paranoia) may
(or may not) lie
02/12/95
THE GUARDIAN </p>
<p> Conspiracy theories are the will-o'-the-wisps of the modern
<p> Conspiracy theories are the will-o'-the-wisps of the modern
world. They provide an alternative history to the authorised
version of events, a coherent demonology in a godless, devil-less
age.
@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ cover up; they do, from time to time, kill people who get in the
way.
True or not, a rattling good conspiracy theory requires the
following qualities:</p>
<p> 1 it must be difficult, better still, impossible, to understand
<p> 1 it must be difficult, better still, impossible, to understand
at first glance.
2 it must contain a spaghetti-heap of leads, all of which cannot
be followed up. There must always be one more lead left to chase.
@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ be followed up. There must always be one more lead left to chase.
through a series of disconnected or unconnected or unfalsifiable
propositions.
4 There should be no easy way of verifying it.</p>
<p> The theories below demonstrate all of these qualities to a
<p> The theories below demonstrate all of these qualities to a
greater or lesser degree. To savour our A-Z properly, we suggest
readers mull over it with deadpan credulousness in the small hours
of the morning listening to the theme music from The X-Files and
@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ has a black triangular shape, a strange radar print and was, in
1980, ultra-secret. Project Aurora, a new ultra-ultra-secret
Pentagon Black Budget reconnaissance aircraft, is probably
responsible for all subsequent UFO sightings.)</p>
<p> B IS FOR THE BILDERBERG GROUP, which organises semi-secret
<p> B IS FOR THE BILDERBERG GROUP, which organises semi-secret
annual three-day meetings of the European-Atlantic great and good
from the worlds of business, diplomacy and politics. The first
meetings were organised in 1954 by eminence grise Joseph Retinger,
@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ Financial Times column 'Lombard' has noted: 'If the Bilderberg
group is not a conspiracy of some sort, it is conducted in such a
way as to give a remarkably good imitation of one.' Believability:
8/10 </p>
<p> C IS FOR CEAUSESCU, who was tried and executed on Christmas Day
<p> C IS FOR CEAUSESCU, who was tried and executed on Christmas Day
to hush up the complicity of Romania's new leaders in his crimes.
The videotape of the Christmas Day show trial of Nicolae and Elena
Ceausescu is an absorbing spectacle. Time and again, Ceausescu and
@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ the renamed secret police, the 'Romanian Information Service'.
Iliescu became and remains president, the tainted hero of a tainted
revolution.
Believability: 10/10</p>
<p> D IS FOR 'DEEP THROAT', the mole in the Nixon administration
<p> D IS FOR 'DEEP THROAT', the mole in the Nixon administration
guiding the Washington Post journalists, Woodward and Bernstein, to
the Watergate story. 'Throat' remains unidentified. In his book
Hidden Agenda (1984) Jim Hougan nominated both Nixon's chief of
@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ Washington, the late Bob Kunkle. He was allegedly leaking for the
FBI, which was disgruntled by the Nixon cover-up.
Believability: 10/10 (Cynics suspect 'Deep Throat' was merely a
dramatic device or a ploy to keep newspaper lawyers quiet.)</p>
<p> E IS FOR ELECTRICITY PYLONS, which fry our brains. A number of
<p> E IS FOR ELECTRICITY PYLONS, which fry our brains. A number of
protesters have complained that electro-magnetic waves in overhead
electricity pylons have led to depression, headaches, mental and
physical ill-health. No government ministry has placed much
@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ credence on these complaints. The epidemiology of environmental
effect is notoriously hard to prove, but all good conspiracists
believe there is no smoke without a secret ray.
Believability: 7/10</p>
<p> F IS FOR FREEMASONS, who club together to better themselves in
<p> F IS FOR FREEMASONS, who club together to better themselves in
the world. The majority of active freemasons have sworn not to
divulge the secrets of the craft, on pain of having their tongues
'cut out by the root and buried in the sand below low-water mark'.
@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ Finally a member of the Metropolitan branch came to the rostrum to
announce the vote. 'I'm not telling,' he said to laughter. 'It's a
secret.' The opponents of freemasonry lost the vote.
Believability: 8/10</p>
<p> G IS FOR THE GEMSTONE FILE, the conspiracy theory which first
<p> G IS FOR THE GEMSTONE FILE, the conspiracy theory which first
surfaced in 1975. Originally a precis by American journalist
Stephania Caruana of allegations made in letters by American
chemist Bruce Roberts, now deceased, Gemstone attributes much of
@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ have been embedded in the original American narrative. Authorless,
floating round the world in samizdat form, Gemstone is a perfect,
small-scale disinformation vehicle for anyone who cares to use it.
Believability: 0/10</p>
<p> H IS FOR HESS, locked up in Spandau prison because he knew all
<p> H IS FOR HESS, locked up in Spandau prison because he knew all
about the secret 1941 negotiations between Britain and Nazi
Germany. Rudolf Hess's flight in May 1941 remains one of the most
bizarre episodes of the Second World War. Lord James
@ -213,7 +214,7 @@ Then the killers burnt the evidence, including an electrical flex,
with which he was murdered.
Believability: 5/10 (Hess was mad. His 1917 wound was
pea-sized.)</p>
<p> I IS FOR THE ILLUMINATI, the secret society controlling all the
<p> I IS FOR THE ILLUMINATI, the secret society controlling all the
other secret societies. An 18th-century masonic splinter group
begun by Adam Weishaupt, the Illimunati were said to be the hidden
force behind the French Revolution. After the First World War they
@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ the centre of the web. These theories were brilliantly parodied in
the Illuminatus! trilogy (1976) by Robert Anton Wilson and Robert
Shea.
Believability: 0/10</p>
<p> J IS FOR JAMES JESUS ANGLETON, the orchid-growing,
<p> J IS FOR JAMES JESUS ANGLETON, the orchid-growing,
poetry-writing, paranoid head of CIA counter intelligence
throughout much of the Cold War. Angleton believed the CIA and all
other spy networks to be so much gorgonzola, riddled with KGB
@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ Golitsyn remains convinced that it is all a black propaganda ploy.
However, the confession of top CIA man Aldrich Ames that he was a
KGB mole have proved some of Angleton's fears correct.
Believability: 6/10</p>
<p> K IS FOR KENNEDY, killed by almost anyone you care to mention.
<p> K IS FOR KENNEDY, killed by almost anyone you care to mention.
According to Captain James T Kirk of the Starship Enterprise, the
'first rule of assassination is kill the assassins'. The killing of
Lee Harvey Oswald by Jack Ruby set a hare running that has never
@ -259,7 +260,7 @@ the FBI and the masons are all contenders. Perhaps the best JFK
conspiracy theory is that he is, after all, still alive, but kept a
permanent prisoner by the National Security Council.
Believability: 1/10</p>
<p> L IS FOR LOCKERBIE. On 21 December 1988, 270 people were
<p> L IS FOR LOCKERBIE. On 21 December 1988, 270 people were
murdered when Pan Am 103 exploded over Scotland.
Six years later no one has been convicted of the crime, although
investigators on both sides of the Atlantic have consistently
@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ as to suggest that McKee was flying home to blow the whistle,
disgusted that deals were being struck with dope dealers in order
to gain intelligence on the kidnap victims.
Believability: 8/10</p>
<p> M IS FOR DAVID MELLOR, got at by Mossad after his
<p> M IS FOR DAVID MELLOR, got at by Mossad after his
pro-Palestinian outburst in 1988 on the West Bank. The Israelis
were out to topple Mellor after he became the most prominent critic
in the British Government of their conduct in the Occupied
@ -298,7 +299,7 @@ operation which led to the highly embarrassing 'toe-sucking'
allegations.
The result: Mellor was forced to quit the Cabinet.
Believability: 5/10 </p>
<p> N IS FOR NOSTRADAMUS, the 16th-century psychic seer who
<p> N IS FOR NOSTRADAMUS, the 16th-century psychic seer who
predicted Napoleon, Hitler and the killing of John Kennedy. The
seer's muddily-written quatrains have spawned more than 200 books,
a propaganda war between the Nazis and the Allies during the Second
@ -324,7 +325,7 @@ there shall be a total desolation of the clergy.' Believability:
0/10 (The verses of Nostradamus clearly refer to events and places
in the 16th century. For example, nowhere does he mention 'Hitler',
only 'Hister', the contemporary name for the Lower Danube.)</p>
<p> P IS FOR PROMIS SOFTWARE, stolen from a Washington law firm. In
<p> P IS FOR PROMIS SOFTWARE, stolen from a Washington law firm. In
1982 a Washington DC computer firm, Inslaw, developed a programme
called Promis (Prosecutors' Management Information System) which it
supplied to the US Justice Department for $10 million. A year
@ -355,7 +356,7 @@ Inslaw to investigate the case, concluded: 'It's hard to come up
with any reason for Casolaro's death other than he was deliberately
murdered because he was so close to uncovering sinister elements in
what he called 'the Octopus'.' Believability: 7/10</p>
<p> Q IS FOR CARROLL QUIGLEY, the granddaddy of all modern American
<p> Q IS FOR CARROLL QUIGLEY, the granddaddy of all modern American
conspiracists. Quigley's 1340-page volume Tragedy And Hope "
History Of The World In Our Time (1966) included a dozen pages on
the existence of a hitherto unknown secret society, run by Alfred,
@ -375,7 +376,7 @@ students at Georgetown University was Bill Clinton, and the
conspiracists got quite excited when President Clinton referred to
the impact Quigley made on him in his inauguration speech.
Believability: 4/10</p>
<p> R IS FOR JAMES RUSBRIDGER, killed and framed as a sex pervert by
<p> R IS FOR JAMES RUSBRIDGER, killed and framed as a sex pervert by
MI5. Rusbridger was a tremendous irritant to the security services.
His letters to newspapers poured scorn on the Official Secrets Act;
his books, such as The Intelligence Game, cast doubt on the
@ -406,7 +407,7 @@ posthumous demolition job by intelligence officials would perhaps
only be merited by someone who had been a serious thorn in their
side.
Believability: 7/10</p>
<p> S IS FOR THE SUICIDES OF THE SCIENTISTS WHO WORKED FOR MARCONI.
<p> S IS FOR THE SUICIDES OF THE SCIENTISTS WHO WORKED FOR MARCONI.
In 1988 a host of brilliant researchers working for the defence
giant killed themselves in a variety of ways: one drove his
petrolladen car into a disused Little Chef, another jumped off the
@ -425,11 +426,11 @@ When the numbers are crunched, there is no statistical
aberration in the number of suicides by Marconi scientists. It is
too good a story for a newspaper to kill, however.
Believability: 0/10</p>
<p> U IS FOR THE UNIFIED CONSPIRACY THEORY, or the Grand Unified
<p> U IS FOR THE UNIFIED CONSPIRACY THEORY, or the Grand Unified
Conspiracy Theory, which knits all the other conspiracy theories
into a coherent tapestry.
Believability: 1/10</p>
<p> V IS FOR VATICAN, which knocks off the popes it doesn't like.
<p> V IS FOR VATICAN, which knocks off the popes it doesn't like.
The markedly short reign of John Paul I has given rise to this
particular crock of conjecture.
Old men can die quite quickly, even if they are popes. However,
@ -438,7 +439,7 @@ out the Augean stables of the pontiff's finances and expose the
scandalous links between the Mafia, the freemasons and senior
cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church.
Believability: 2/10</p>
<p> W IS FOR COLIN WALLACE, who was forced to resign from the
<p> W IS FOR COLIN WALLACE, who was forced to resign from the
Ministry of Defence in 1975 when he leaked information about a
covert MI5 operation, 'Clockwork Orange'. Wallace, an Ulsterman,
claimed he had been involved in the operation, which had been
@ -457,17 +458,17 @@ dismissal to be unsafe and ordered the Ministry to award him
pounds 30000 in compensation. The inquiry was not, however,
empowered to make any judgment on Wallace's allegations.
Believability: 7/10</p>
<p> X IS FOR MR X, the third man who allegedly went to bed with two
<p> X IS FOR MR X, the third man who allegedly went to bed with two
senior Conservative politicians, now in the Cabinet, all at the
same time. This is a conspiracy theory never to be told.
Believability: 10/10</p>
<p> Y IS FOR YAKUZA, the Japanese mafia who run the world. The
<p> Y IS FOR YAKUZA, the Japanese mafia who run the world. The
Yakuza are the world's richest and most powerful gangsters. They
control many of the big-name Japanese corporations that now have
huge leverage in the major western economies. Nothing can be done
to loosen the grip of the Yakuza on the world economy.
Believability: 8/10 </p>
<p> Z IS FOR THE ZAGREB OPERATION, when the NKVD inducted Robert
<p> Z IS FOR THE ZAGREB OPERATION, when the NKVD inducted Robert
Maxwell as a Soviet double agent. Maxwell was never clear about how
he escaped from Nazi-occupied Germany. In fact, he was given secret
passage through Nazi-allied Croatia by Communist partisans, then
@ -486,4 +487,5 @@ thought had been working for them " was terminated by a crack unit
of Israeli frogmen.
Believability: 6/10
</p>
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@ -1,116 +1,117 @@
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<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
WHO Murdered Africa
The Greatest Murder Mystery of all Time </p>
<p> There is no question mark after the title of this article because
<p> There is no question mark after the title of this article because
the title is not a question. It's a declarative statement. WHO, the
World Health Organization, murdered Africa with the AIDS virus. Thats
a provocative statement, isn't it? </p>
<p> The answers to this little mystery, Murder on the WHO Express will
<p> The answers to this little mystery, Murder on the WHO Express will
be quite clear to you by the end of this report. You will also
understand why the other suspects, the homosexuals, the green monkey
and the Haitians, were only pawns in this virocidal attack on the
non-Communist world. </p>
<p> If you believe the government propaganda that AIDS is hard to catch
<p> If you believe the government propaganda that AIDS is hard to catch
then you are going to die even sooner than the rest of us. The common
cold is a virus. Have you ever had a cold? How did you catch it?
You don't really know, do you? If the cold virus was fatal, How many
people would be left in the world? </p>
<p> Yellow fever is a virus. You catch it from mosquito bites. Malaria
<p> Yellow fever is a virus. You catch it from mosquito bites. Malaria
is a parasite also carried by mosquitoes. It is many times larger than
the AIDS virus ( like comparing a pinhead to a moose head ) yet the
mosquito easily carries this large organism to man. </p>
<p> The tuberculosis germ, also larger than that AIDS virus, can be
<p> The tuberculosis germ, also larger than that AIDS virus, can be
transmitted by formites ( inanimate objects such as towels ). The
AIDS virus can live for as long as 10 days on a dry plate. You can't
understand this murder mystery unless you learn a little virology. </p>
<p> Many viruses grow in animals and many grow in humans, but most of
<p> Many viruses grow in animals and many grow in humans, but most of
the viruses that affect animals don't affect humans. There are exceptions,
of course, such as yellow fever and small pox. </p>
<p> There are some viruses in animals that can cause very lethal cancer
<p> There are some viruses in animals that can cause very lethal cancer
in those animals, but do not affect man or other animals. The Bovine
Leukemia Virus ( BLV ), for example, is lethal to cows but not humans.
There is also another virus that occurs in sheep called Sheep Visna Virus
which is also non-reactive in man. These Deadly viruses are " Retro -
Viruses ", meaning that they can change the genetic composition of the
cells that they enter. </p>
<p> The World Health Organization, in published articles, called for
<p> The World Health Organization, in published articles, called for
scientists to work these deadly agents and attempt to make a hybrid
virus that would be deadly to humans. " An attempt should be made to
see if viruses can in fact exert selective effects on immune function.
The possibility should be looked into that the immune response to the
virus itself maybe impaired if the infecting virus damages, more or
less selectively, the cell responding to the virus." </p>
<p> Thats AIDS. What the WHO is saying in plain english is " Let's cook
<p> Thats AIDS. What the WHO is saying in plain english is " Let's cook
up a virus that selectively destroys the T-Cell system of man, an
acquired immune deficiency. Why would anyone want to do this? If you
destroy the T-Cell system of man then you destroy man. Is it even
remotely possible that the WHO would want to develop a virus that would
wipe out the human race? </p>
<p> If there new creation worked, the WHO stated, then many terrible
<p> If there new creation worked, the WHO stated, then many terrible
and fatal infectious viruses could be made even more terrible and more
malignant. Does this strike you as being a peculiar goal for a health
organization? </p>
<p> Sometimes Americans believe in conspiracies and sometimes the don't.
<p> Sometimes Americans believe in conspiracies and sometimes the don't.
Was there a conspiracy to kill President Kennedy? Twenty five years later
the debate still continues, and people keep changing there minds. One day
it's yes and the next it's no - depending upon what was served for lunch,
or how the stock market did the day before. </p>
<p> But it doesn't take a bad lunch to see an amazing concatenation of
<p> But it doesn't take a bad lunch to see an amazing concatenation of
events involving Russian and Chinesse communist nationals, The WHO, The
National Cancer Institute, and the AIDS epidemic. </p>
<p> But what about the green monkey? Some of the best virologist in the
<p> But what about the green monkey? Some of the best virologist in the
world and many of those directly involved in AIDS research, such as
Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier, have said that the green monkey may be
the culprit. You know the story: A green monkey bit a native on the ass
and, bam - AIDS all over central Africa. </p>
<p> There is a fatal flaw here. It is very strange. Because Gallo,
<p> There is a fatal flaw here. It is very strange. Because Gallo,
Montagnier and these other virologist know that the AIDS virus doesn't
occur naturally in monkeys. In fact it doesn't occur naturally in any
animal. </p>
<p> AIDS started practically simultaneously in the United States, Haiti,
<p> AIDS started practically simultaneously in the United States, Haiti,
Brazil, and Central Africa. ( Was the green monkey a jet pilot? )
Examination for the gene structure of the green monkey cells prove that
it is not genetically possible to transfer the AIDS virus from monkeys
to man by natural means. </p>
<p> Because of the artificial nature of the AIDS virus it will not easily
<p> Because of the artificial nature of the AIDS virus it will not easily
transfer from man to man unless it has become very concentrated in the
body fluids through repeated injections from person to person, such as
drug addicts, and through high multiple partner sexual activity such as
takes place in Africa and among homosexuals. After repeated transfer it
can become a " natural " infection for man, which it has. </p>
<p> Dr. Theodore Strecker's research of the literature indicates that
<p> Dr. Theodore Strecker's research of the literature indicates that
the National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) in collaboration with the WHO,
made the AIDS virus in there laboratories at Fort Detrick ( now NCI ).
They combined the deadly retro-viruses Bovine-Leukemia Virus and Sheep
Visna Virus, and injected them into human tissue cultures. The result
was the AIDS virus, the first human retro-virus known to man and now
believed to be 100% fatal to those infected. </p>
<p> The momentous plague that we now face was anticipated by the National
<p> The momentous plague that we now face was anticipated by the National
Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1974 when they recommended that "Scientists
throughout the world join with the members of this committee in voluntarily
deferring experiments linking animal viruses". What the NAS is saying in
carefully guarded english is: "For God's sake. Stop this madness!" The
green monkey is off the hook. How about the Communists? </p>
<p> Communist are in the process of conducting germ warfare from Fort
<p> Communist are in the process of conducting germ warfare from Fort
Detrick, Maryland against the free world, expecially the United States,
even using foreign communist agents within the US Army's germ warfare
unit euphamistically called the Army Infectious Disease Unit. </p>
<p> You don't believe it? Carlton Gajdusek, an NIH bigshot at Detrick
<p> You don't believe it? Carlton Gajdusek, an NIH bigshot at Detrick
admits it. " IN THE FACILITY I HAVE A BUILDING WHERE MORE GOOD AND
LOYAL COMMUNIST SCIENTISTS FROM THE USSR AND MAINLAND CHINA WORK, WITH
FULL PASSKEYS TO ALL THE LABORATORIES, THAN THERE ARE AMERICAN. EVEN THE
ARMY'S INFECTIOUS DISEASE UNIT IS LOADED WITH FOREIGN WORKERS NOT ALWAYS
FRIENDLY NATIONALS." </p>
<p> Can you imagine that? A UN-WHO communist trojan horse in our
<p> Can you imagine that? A UN-WHO communist trojan horse in our
biological warfare center with the full blessing of the US government? </p>
<p> The creation of the AIDS virus by the WHO was not just a diabolical
<p> The creation of the AIDS virus by the WHO was not just a diabolical
scientific exercise that got out of hand. It was a cold-blooded
successful attempt to create a killer virus which was then used in a
successful experiment in Africa. So successful in fact that most of
Central Africa may be wiped out, 75000000 dead within 3-5 years. </p>
<p> It was not an accident, it was deliberate. In the Federation
<p> It was not an accident, it was deliberate. In the Federation
Proceedings of the United States in 1972, WHO said : " In relation
to the immune response a number of useful experimental approaches can
be visualized ". They suggested a neat way to do this would be to put
@ -119,11 +120,11 @@ observe the results. " This would be particularly informative in
sibships," they said. That is, give AIDS to brothers and sisters and
see if they die, who dies first, and of what, just like rats in a
laboratory. </p>
<p> They used the smallpox vaccine for their vehicle and the geographical
<p> They used the smallpox vaccine for their vehicle and the geographical
sites chosen in 1972 were Ugunda and other African sites, Haiti, Brazil
and Japan. The present and recent past of AIDS epidemiology coincides
with these geographical areas. </p>
<p> Dr. Strecker points out that even if the African green monkey could
<p> Dr. Strecker points out that even if the African green monkey could
transmit AIDS to humans, the present known amount of infection in Africa
makes it statistically impossible for a single episode, such as a monkey
biting someone, to have brought this epidemic to this point. The doubling
@ -138,100 +139,100 @@ of cases then there would have been 13 doublings. 1 then 2 then 4 then 8..
etc...In 15 years, from a single source of infection there would be about
8000 cases in Africa, not 75 million. We are approaching World War II
mortality statistics here - without a shot being fired. </p>
<p> Dr. Theodore A. Strecker is the courageous doctor who has unraveled
<p> Dr. Theodore A. Strecker is the courageous doctor who has unraveled
this conundrum, the greatest murder mystery of all time. He should get
the Nobel Prize but he'll be lucky not to get "suicided." ( "Prominent
California doctor ties his hands behind his back, hangs himself, and
jumps from 20th floor. There was no evidence of foul play." ) </p>
<p> Strecker was employed as a consultant to work on a health proposal
<p> Strecker was employed as a consultant to work on a health proposal
for Security Pacific Bank. He was to estimate the cost of their health
care for the future. Should they form an HMO was the major issue. After
investigating the current medical market he advised against the HMO because
he found that the AIDS epidemic in all probability bankrupt the nation's
medical system. </p>
<p> He became fascinated with all the scientific anomalies concerning AIDS
<p> He became fascinated with all the scientific anomalies concerning AIDS
that kept cropping up. Why did the " experts " keep talking about
green monkeys and homosexuals being the culprits when it was obvious that
the AIDS virus was a man-made virus? Why did they say it was a homosexual
and drug-user disease when in Africa it was obviously a heterosexual
disease? If the green monkey did it then why did AIDS explode practically
simultaneously in Africa, Haiti, Brazil, Japan, and the United States? </p>
<p> Why, when it was proposed to the National Institute of Health that the
<p> Why, when it was proposed to the National Institute of Health that the
AIDS virus was a combination of two bovine or sheep viruses cultured in
human cells in a laboratory, did they say it was " bad science " when
thats exactly what occurred? </p>
<p> As early as 1970 the WHO was growing these deadly animal viruses in
<p> As early as 1970 the WHO was growing these deadly animal viruses in
human tissue cultures. Cedric Mims, in 1981, said in a published article
that there was a bovive virus contaminating the culture media of th WHO.
Was this an accident or a "non-accident"? If it was an accident then why
did the WHO continue to use the vaccine? </p>
<p> This viral and genetic death bomb, AIDS, was finally produced in 1974.
<p> This viral and genetic death bomb, AIDS, was finally produced in 1974.
It was given to monkeys and they died of pneumocystis carni which is
typical of AIDS. </p>
<p> Dr. R. J. Biggar said in Lancet ( a Brittish journal ) that the AIDS
<p> Dr. R. J. Biggar said in Lancet ( a Brittish journal ) that the AIDS
agent could not have developed de novo. That means in plain english that
it didn't come out of thin air. AIDS was engineered in a laboratory by
virologists. It couldn't engineer itself. As Dr. Stricker so colorfully
puts it: " If a person has no arms or legs and shows up at a party in a
tuxedo, how did he get dressed? Somebody dressed him. " </p>
<p> There are 9000 to the 4th power possible AIDS viruses. ( There are
<p> There are 9000 to the 4th power possible AIDS viruses. ( There are
9000 base pairs on the geneome. ) So the fun has just begun. Some will
cause brain rot similar to the sheep virus, some leukemia-like diseases
from the cow viruses, and some that won't do anything. So the virus will
be constantly changing and trying out new esoteric disease on hapless
man. We're only the beginning </p>
<p> Because of the trillions of possible genetic combinations there will
<p> Because of the trillions of possible genetic combinations there will
never be a vaccine. Even if they could develop a vaccine they would
undoubtfully give us something equally as bad as they did with the Polio
vaccine ( cancer of the brain ), the Swine Flu vaccine ( a Polio-like
disease ), the Smallpox vaccine (AIDS), and the Hepatitis vaccine (AIDS). </p>
<p> There are precedents. This is not the first time the virologists have
<p> There are precedents. This is not the first time the virologists have
brought us disaster. SV-40 virus from monkey cell cultures contaminated
Polio cultures. Most people in there 40's are now carrying the virus
through contaminated Polio innoculations given in the early 60's. It is
known to cause brain cancer which explains the increase in this disease
that we have seen in the past 10 years. </p>
<p> This is the origin of the green monkey theory. The Polio vaccine was
<p> This is the origin of the green monkey theory. The Polio vaccine was
grown on green monkey kidney cells. 64 million Americans were vaccinated
with SV-40 contaminated vaccine in the 60's. An increase in cancer of the
brain, possibly Multiple Sclerosis, and God only knows what else is the
tragic result. The delay between vaccination and the onset of cancer
with this virus is as long as 20-30 years. 1965 + 20 = 1985. Get the
picture? </p>
<p> The final piece of the puzzle is how AIDS devastated the homosexual
<p> The final piece of the puzzle is how AIDS devastated the homosexual
population in the United States. It wasn't from Smalpox vaccination as
in Africa because we don't do that any more. There is no Smallpox in the
United States and so vaccination was discontinued. Although some AIDS has
been brought to the United States from Haiti by homosexuals, It would not
be enough to explain the explosion of AIDS that occurred simultaneously
with the African and Haitian epidemics. </p>
<p> The AIDS virus didn't exist in the United States before 1978. You can
<p> The AIDS virus didn't exist in the United States before 1978. You can
check back in any hospital and no stored blood samples can be found
anywhere that exhibit the AIDS virus before that date. What happened in
1978 and beyond to cause AIDS to burst upon the scene and devastate the
homosexual section of our population? It was the introduction of the
Hepatitis B vaccine which exhibits the exact same epidemiology of AIDS. </p>
<p> A Doctor W. Schmunger, born in Poland and educated in Russia, came
<p> A Doctor W. Schmunger, born in Poland and educated in Russia, came
to this country in 1969. Schmunger's immigration to the U.S. was
probably the most fatefull immigration in our history. He, by unexplained
process, became the head of one of the New York City blood bank. ( How
does a Russian trained doctor become the head of one of the largest blood
banks in the world? Doesn't that strike you as peculiar? ) </p>
<p> He set up the rules for the Hepatitis vaccine studies. Only males
<p> He set up the rules for the Hepatitis vaccine studies. Only males
between the ages of 20 and 40 , who were not monogamous, were allowed to
participate in this study. Can you think of any reason for insisting that
all expermentees be promiscuous? Maybe you don't believe in the Communist
conspiracy theory but give me some other logical explanation. Schmunger
is now dead and his diabolical secret went with him. </p>
<p> The Centers for Disease Control reported in 1981 that 4% of those
<p> The Centers for Disease Control reported in 1981 that 4% of those
receiving the Hepatitis vaccine were AIDS infected. In 1984 they admitted
to 60%. Now they refuse to give out the figures at all because they don't
want to admit that 100% of the Hepatitis vaccine receivers are AIDS
infected. Where is the data on the Hepatitis vaccine studied? FDA? CDC?
No, the U.S. Department of Justice has buried it where you will never see
it. </p>
<p> What has the government told us about AIDS? </p>
<p> * It's a homosexual disease-----------------------WRONG
<p> What has the government told us about AIDS? </p>
<p> * It's a homosexual disease-----------------------WRONG
* It's related to anal intercourse only-----------WRONG
* Only a small % of those testing positive
for AIDS would get the disease------------------WRONG
@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ for AIDS would get the disease------------------WRONG
* It was started 400 years ago by the Portugese---WRONG
* You cant get it from insects--------------------WRONG
* The virus can't live outside the body-----------WRONG </p>
<p> The head of the Human Leukemia Research Group at Harvard is a
<p> The head of the Human Leukemia Research Group at Harvard is a
veterinarian. Dr. O. W. Judd, International Agency for Research on Cancer,
the agency that requested the production of the virus in the first place,
is also a veterinarian. The Leukemia research he is conducting is being
@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ test leukemias in them either. It doesn't work. So why would your
government give Judd, a veterinarian, 8.5 million dollars to study
leukemia in a veterinary college? As long as we are being used as
experimental animals maybe it is appropriate. </p>
<p> The London Times should be congratulated for uncovering the smallpox-AIDS connection. But there expose was very misleading. The article states
<p> The London Times should be congratulated for uncovering the smallpox-AIDS connection. But there expose was very misleading. The article states
that the African AIDS epidemic was caused by the smallpox vaccine
"triggering" the AIDS in those vaccinated. Dr. Robert Gallo, who has been
mixed up in some very strange scientific snafus, supports this theory.
@ -263,32 +264,33 @@ absolutely no scientific evidence that this laboratory-engineered virus
was present in Africa before the WHO descended upon these hapless people
in 1967 with their deadly AIDS-laced vaccine. The AIDS virus didn't come
from Africa, it came from Fort Detrick, Maryland, U.S.A. </p>
<p> The situation is extremely desperate and the medical profession is
<p> The situation is extremely desperate and the medical profession is
too frightened and cowed (as usual) to take any action. Dr. Strecker
attempted to mobilize the doctors through some of the most respected
medical journals in the world. The prestigious Annals of Internal Medicine
said that his material "appears to be entirely concerned with maters of
virology" and so try some other publication. </p>
<p> In his letter to The Annals, Strecker said, "If correct human
<p> In his letter to The Annals, Strecker said, "If correct human
experimental procedures had been followed we would not find half of the
world stumbling off on the wrong path to the cure for AIDS with the other
half of the world covering up the origination of the dammed disease. It
appears to me that your Annals of Internal Medicine is participating in
the greatest fraud ever perpetrated." </p>
<p> I guess they didn't like that so Stricker submitted his sensational
<p> I guess they didn't like that so Stricker submitted his sensational
and mind-boggling letter with all of the proper documentation to the
British journal, Lancet. Their reply : " Thank you for that interesting </p>
<p> letter on AIDS. I am sorry to have to report that we will not be able to
<p> letter on AIDS. I am sorry to have to report that we will not be able to
publish it. We have no criticism" but their letter section was " over
crowded with submissions ". </p>
<p> They're too crowded to announce the end of western civilization and
<p> They're too crowded to announce the end of western civilization and
possibly all mandkind? Doesn't seem reasonable. What can we do? The first
thing that should be done is to close down all laboratories in this
country that are dealing with these deadly retro-viruses. Then we must
sort out the insane, irresponsible and traitorous scientists involved
in these experiments and try them for murder. Then maybe, just ,maybe, we
can repopulate and re-civilize the world. </p>
<p> William Campbell Douglass, M.D.
<p> William Campbell Douglass, M.D.
P.O. Box 38 Lakemont, GA 30552 </p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
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@ -1,26 +1,27 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>The following articles are extracted from New Dawn magazine,
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>The following articles are extracted from New Dawn magazine,
Volume No. 1 &amp; 2. (C) Copyright April 1992. Subscription rates are
as follows: $30 for 12 issues, $5 sample; Foreign US$40 &amp; US$7.
New Dawn, GPO Box 3126FF, Melbourne, 3001, Australia.</p>
<p>Shocking Revelations on AIDS Research by Our North American
<p>Shocking Revelations on AIDS Research by Our North American
Correspondent</p>
<p>Dr. Abdul Alim Muhammad, national spokesman for Minister Louis
<p>Dr. Abdul Alim Muhammad, national spokesman for Minister Louis
Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam, dropped a bombshell on the
nation's capital at a mass rally held at All Souls Unitarian
Church on September 8. Although the event had been planned for
some time to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the Washington,
D.C. ministry of Dr. Muhammad, he turned the event into a report
on his recent fact-finding mission to the African nation of Kenya.</p>
<p>Dr. Muhammad startled the standing-room-only audience when he
<p>Dr. Muhammad startled the standing-room-only audience when he
announced that a research team working out of the Kenyan Medical
Research Institute, led by the Harvard-trained immunologist Dr.
David Koech, had made dramatic advances in the treatment of AIDS.
Dr. Muhammad also charged that the U.S. government was leading a
major effort by the international medical establishment to
suppress this groundbreaking research.</p>
<p>Among those who packed the church to hear Dr. Muhammad speak on
<p>Among those who packed the church to hear Dr. Muhammad speak on
the theme "Can We Survive Genocide," were clergy from several
denominations along the East Coast, civil rights leaders,
community activists, leaders of the Nation of Islam, elected
@ -29,8 +30,8 @@ District of Columbia, and hundreds of ordinary citizens. The
introduction of Washington's former Mayor Marion Barry - the man
on whom the Bush administration spent millions to remove him from
office - brought the house to its feet in an extended ovation.</p>
<p>A Policy of Genocide</p>
<p>In his remarks, Dr. Muhammad quoted extensively from a 1985
<p>A Policy of Genocide</p>
<p>In his remarks, Dr. Muhammad quoted extensively from a 1985
article authored by Lyndon LaRouche, "The Looming Extinction of
the 'White Race'". In that piece, LaRouche documents that the
imperial policies intrinsic to oligarchism have set into motion
@ -44,9 +45,9 @@ witness a fanatically Malthusian commitment to a policy of
genocide directed against people of colour; a genocide consciously
implemented through the conditionalities policies of the
International Monetary Fund (IMF).</p>
<p>"That," Dr. Muhammad charged, "is one of the reasons they've got
<p>"That," Dr. Muhammad charged, "is one of the reasons they've got
him locked up; because he's got the guts to tell the truth."</p>
<p>Dr. Muhammad went on to present extensive evidence that the policy
<p>Dr. Muhammad went on to present extensive evidence that the policy
of deliberate genocide is fully operational. He described the
CIA's support for the cause of population control during George
Bush's tenure as Director of Central Intelligence, and reported
@ -59,13 +60,13 @@ importance...." To the amazement of the audience, Muhammad
identified the authors of the internal memo as Henry Kissinger and
Gen. Brent Scowcroft, now Bush's national security adviser. (See
The New Dawn Vol.1 No.1, May, 1991)</p>
<p>Dr. Muhammad used the case of Brazil, which has the second largest
<p>Dr. Muhammad used the case of Brazil, which has the second largest
black population in the world, to prove that the memorandum was
being implemented. "Today in Brazil, 40% of the women of
childbearing age have been surgically sterilized with funds
provided by the USAID," he said, "and 90% of those sterilized
women are black."</p>
<p>He insisted that this genocide was the real agenda of Bush's New
<p>He insisted that this genocide was the real agenda of Bush's New
World Order; that it not only motivated the invasion of Panama and
the kidnapping of Gen. Manuel Noriega, but also the continuing
murder of the nation of Iraq. He told the audience that these were
@ -76,8 +77,8 @@ membership in the satanic secret society Skull and Bones. He
reminded the audience that the "skull and bones" was also the
emblem on the flag flown by the slave traders who raided Africa,
as well as of the latter day pirates.</p>
<p>AIDS and 'population control'</p>
<p>Given the Anglo-American establishment's commitment to mass
<p>AIDS and 'population control'</p>
<p>Given the Anglo-American establishment's commitment to mass
murder, the effort to suppress the promising research of Dr. Koech
and his colleagues should come as no surprise to anyone, the
Nation of Islam leader said. In fact, he contended, there is
@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ the theory that AIDS originated when the virus made a species jump
from the African green monkey to the African population. "We lived
with the green monkey for thousands of years and never had any
problems. The green monkey isn't our enemy. The IMF is."</p>
<p>Dr. Muhammad, who is a trained surgeon, said he traveled to Kenya
<p>Dr. Muhammad, who is a trained surgeon, said he traveled to Kenya
to see for himself what the alpha interferon derivative, which
goes under the trade name Kemron, was really all about. Dr.
Muhammad reported that he interviewed the research team in their
@ -99,13 +100,13 @@ original drug. Dr. Muhammad stressed that although the new drug
was only a treatment and not a cure for the deadly HIV virus, he
was tremendously hopeful and encouraged by the dramatic
improvement in the condition of those undergoing treatment.</p>
<p>Dr. Muhammad introduced Dr. Barbara Justice, a well-known New York
<p>Dr. Muhammad introduced Dr. Barbara Justice, a well-known New York
City-based cancer surgeon who has sent 54 AIDS patients to Kenya
for treatment over the past year. Dr. Justice reported that 97% of
her patients showed marked improvement within weeks of beginning
treatment, and that most were able to regain some degree of
normalcy in their ability to function.</p>
<p>It has been almost impossible for anyone outside of Kenya
<p>It has been almost impossible for anyone outside of Kenya
administering Kemron on an experimental basis in the to assess the
work of the Kenyan team, which has been treatment of AIDS since
1989, since it has been systematically blacked out of the
@ -113,12 +114,12 @@ scientific literature. Dr. Koech was to present his data, first at
the International AIDS Conference in the United States in 1987,
and then again at the 1991 AIDS Conference in Italy. On both
occasions, his invitation was inexplicably withdrawn.</p>
<p>Last year, Dr. Koech decided to take his data directly to the U.S.
<p>Last year, Dr. Koech decided to take his data directly to the U.S.
medical community, and an extensive U.S. lecture tour was planned.
That tour was abruptly cancelled when the State Department refused
to issue Dr. Koech the necessary permission to enter the United
States.</p>
<p>This is certainly not the first time that important AIDS research
<p>This is certainly not the first time that important AIDS research
has been suppressed. Quite the contrary, it is part of a
continuing criminal pattern of lies and cover-up. The importance
of a rapid evaluation of Dr. Koech's work with Kemron and Immunex
@ -130,15 +131,15 @@ conducted by the U.S. Army showed that, for unexplained reasons,
AZT therapy is not only largely ineffective in the treatment of
blacks, but that, in fact, AZT seems to aggravate symptoms in an
alarming number of black patients.</p>
<p>Kenya's President Daniel Arap Moi clearly finds the Koech team's
<p>Kenya's President Daniel Arap Moi clearly finds the Koech team's
findings to be convincing. He recently announced that his
government was building a factory to allow the mass production of
alpha interferon.**</p>
<p>AIDS - Man-Made Holocaust</p>
<p>The fact that AIDS is a man-made virus created in U.S.
<p>AIDS - Man-Made Holocaust</p>
<p>The fact that AIDS is a man-made virus created in U.S.
laboratories has been covered up</p>
<p>By JASON JEFFREY</p>
<p>"America should withdraw from the Mediterranean, Europe and all
<p>By JASON JEFFREY</p>
<p>"America should withdraw from the Mediterranean, Europe and all
foreign bases and it should save that money to create jobs for 12
million unemployed Americans, and contribute towards the
elimination of the diseases it manufactured like AIDS which was
@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ prisoners who took the virus with them to the outside world when
released from prison and then it spread throughout the world."
- Muammar Al-Qadhafi speaking at the International Conference for
Peace in the Mediterranean, 4-6 May, 1990.</p>
<p>On July 4, 1984, the Indian daily Patriot published a
<p>On July 4, 1984, the Indian daily Patriot published a
horrifying report that the disease AIDS was believed to
have originated from a virus created in the laboratories
at the U.S. germ warfare research institute at Fort
@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ describes as "ludicrous and scientifically incredible" the
theory that the virus came from African green monkeys. One
thing is certain: the controversy surrounding the AIDS
virus will not die.</p>
<p>A Weapon Against Black People?
<p>A Weapon Against Black People?
Zear Miles, a Black industrial engineer, who has studied
the AIDS virus and its origins for about six years has
stated that he has proof from various documentation and
@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ significantly compared with Whites, citing that the AIDS
virus attacked a Black person's immune system and
destroyed it in six weeks as opposed to a White person's
time of six months.</p>
<p>The Evidence
<p>The Evidence
What is the evidence available to the layman. First, the
initial cases were reported in New York and there is no
dispute that Fort Detrick was working on immunological
@ -351,7 +352,7 @@ of the Vietnam War. These statements fit perfectly into
place as research would have been carried out at that time
at Fort Detrick for offensive purposes against the North
Vietnamese.</p>
<p>AIDS Was Man-Made
<p>AIDS Was Man-Made
On all the circumstantial evidence, the layman will almost
certainly reject the idea that the escape of the man-made
AIDS virus was the result of a disastrous error during
@ -366,16 +367,16 @@ need greater for the nations to drop their differences and
to concentrate all their skill and resources in a
world-wide battle against this terrible threat, and to end
the horror of germ warfare research.**</p>
<p>The Mystery of Skull Valley</p>
<p>By NIKOLAI FILIPPOV</p>
<p>Because of an error made by an airman testing a new germ weapon, a
<p>The Mystery of Skull Valley</p>
<p>By NIKOLAI FILIPPOV</p>
<p>Because of an error made by an airman testing a new germ weapon, a
deadly virus attacks the population of a small town in highland
Utah, USA. An incurable disease begins to kill people like a
plague epidemic. In an attempt to cover up the traces of their
crime, the military authorities artificially cause a landslide
that buries the town and doom chance survivors to lifelong
isolation.</p>
<p>This is the plot of Vector, a novel by Henry Sutton, an
<p>This is the plot of Vector, a novel by Henry Sutton, an
American author. This book is based on dramatic events
during which the victims were fortunately not people but
animals. March 14-20, 1968 was a black week for American
@ -662,11 +663,11 @@ planned and funded. The test at Dugway which killed so
many sheep in Skull Valley turned out to be part of the
Pentagon's programme for designing a new biological agent,
the AIDS pathogen.**</p>
<p>AIDS: As Biological &amp; Psychological Warfare</p>
<p>By WAVES FOREST</p>
<p>It is hard to imagine that a cure for AIDS would be withheld for
<p>AIDS: As Biological &amp; Psychological Warfare</p>
<p>By WAVES FOREST</p>
<p>It is hard to imagine that a cure for AIDS would be withheld for
economic reasons alone. Could there be some other motive?</p>
<p>Despite repeated denials from Defense Department
<p>Despite repeated denials from Defense Department
officials, allegations persist that AIDS is a genetically
altered virus, which has been deliberately released to
wipe out homosexuals and/or non-whites in the U.S. and
@ -842,9 +843,9 @@ here. If you acknowledge the presence of those who think
their only hope for survival is to kill off two thirds of
all the other kinds, and their ability to manage it, you
then pretty much have to do something about it.</p>
<p>Abridged from Now What #1.**</p>
<p>Immunex</p>
<p>The North American-based Nation of Islam (NOI) led by Minister
<p>Abridged from Now What #1.**</p>
<p>Immunex</p>
<p>The North American-based Nation of Islam (NOI) led by Minister
Louis Farrakhan launched an offensive in its battle against the
deadly "man-made" AIDS virus during its recent Saviours' Day
weekend. The following report is courtesy of The Final Call.
@ -883,4 +884,5 @@ to kill us all." The Minister added that the drug will be
offered to all who need it "regardless of race, creed or
colour."**
</p>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
Sponsored by Vangard Sciences
PO BOX 1031
Mesquite, TX 75150</p>
<p> August 16, 1990
<p> August 16, 1990
AIDSPLOT.ASC</p>
<p> AIDS as a Weapon of War</p>
<p> by Dr. William Campbell Douglas, M.D.</p>
<p> Introduction &amp; Comments by Jim Shults</p>
<p> INTRODUCTION AND COMMENTS</p>
<p> I must admit I am just a little gun shy of doing this
<p> AIDS as a Weapon of War</p>
<p> by Dr. William Campbell Douglas, M.D.</p>
<p> Introduction &amp; Comments by Jim Shults</p>
<p> INTRODUCTION AND COMMENTS</p>
<p> I must admit I am just a little gun shy of doing this
particular article. The reason is pretty obvious. Who in hell is
going to plead guilty to inventing the AIDS virus. Do I think it
was invented? Absolutely and without a doubt.</p>
<p> Firstly, where in hell has it been during the last 5000 years?
<p> Firstly, where in hell has it been during the last 5000 years?
Why haven't we had exposure to it sooner, like in the last 50 years?</p>
<p> All of a sudden certain countries and entire continents are
<p> All of a sudden certain countries and entire continents are
coming down with the AIDS virus and no organization, body, group, or
whatever you care to call it has even a clue to the real source, and
it sure as hell isn't some monkey in Africa, that's for sure.</p>
<p> Over the last twenty years the genetic scientists have been
<p> Over the last twenty years the genetic scientists have been
having a filed day inventing all kinds of new "life." Some have
even been granted patents for their creatures, which are usually
various types of bacteria, etc.</p>
<p> One patent was granted for the invention, or more accurately
<p> One patent was granted for the invention, or more accurately
put, creation, of a type of bacteria that eats oil, handy for oil
spills I guess. Now do you think for even a second that a virus
like the AIDS virus couldn't be created with all the genetic
engineering that is going on around the world?</p>
<p> There are certain types of bacteria that are living in test
<p> There are certain types of bacteria that are living in test
tubes in labs around the world that if released would cause the end
of mankind in less than a year.</p>
<p> The real question is why we allow these bozos to play in labs,
<p> The real question is why we allow these bozos to play in labs,
making all kinds of new and artificial life in the first place. It
is going to backfire, in fact the author already feels it has,
through the deliberate release of the HIV (human immunodeficiency
virus); that's what AIDS is really called.</p>
<p> Something extraordinary happened last June (88'), in fact it
<p> Something extraordinary happened last June (88'), in fact it
was so extraordinary that nothing like it has ever happened before.</p>
<p> The Surgeon General of the United States had mailed to every
<p> The Surgeon General of the United States had mailed to every
mail box and address in the United States a brochure attempting to
explain AIDS, its danger, myths and means of transmission. The</p>
<p> Page 1</p>
<p> absolutely amazing thing about this was that it was done at
<p> Page 1</p>
<p> absolutely amazing thing about this was that it was done at
all.
Think of this for a minute: the U.S. Government mailed this
information to every address in America. That in itself should tell
all of us something that the media has somehow missed -- that this
is a population-destroying virus.</p>
<p> That really means that we all are in shit city, race fans, and
<p> That really means that we all are in shit city, race fans, and
the Government know it. It is significant that they did the
mailing, and that should be very significant to anyone who knows
how our government works and what kind of very real panic those
who really know are experiencing.</p>
<p> When something like this brochure is made available as it was,
<p> When something like this brochure is made available as it was,
you can be very sure that the boys at the top, including the
scientific folks, are up against something they may not beat before
it has a very real chance of destroying at least half of mankind!</p>
<p> In fact, the fastest time even guessed at, for some kind of
<p> In fact, the fastest time even guessed at, for some kind of
beginning cure for some types of AIDS is at least five years and
that's thought to be impossible by medical people.</p>
<p> The author comes up with a very plausible scenario for how
<p> The author comes up with a very plausible scenario for how
rapidly AIDS has been distributed. (We are not blaming the
World Health Organization. In the author's scenario he simply
indicates that the WHO was used by others.)</p>
<p> Let's face it, we are in very real trouble. There are several
<p> Let's face it, we are in very real trouble. There are several
types of new AIDS viruses and more to be discovered, and who is to
say how the new ones, not yet mutated, will spread -- a sneeze
perhaps?</p>
<p> Our government and others around the world are not telling us
<p> Our government and others around the world are not telling us
the truth about this stuff in order to protect our poor little dumb
minds. I suspect that if we know the truth, an enormous citizen
effort could be martialed worldwide which would probably shut down
the arms race for the time being.</p>
<p> Again, at the bottom line, we are in big trouble and "they"
<p> Again, at the bottom line, we are in big trouble and "they"
know it....Many scientists predict we will lose half the world's
population (including U.S.) by the year 2000.</p>
<p> -- Jim Shults</p>
<p> Page 2</p>
<p> ABOUT THE AUTHOR</p>
<p> William Campbell Douglass, M.D.</p>
<p> Age: 62</p>
<p> Education: BS, University of Rochester, New York;
<p> -- Jim Shults</p>
<p> Page 2</p>
<p> ABOUT THE AUTHOR</p>
<p> William Campbell Douglass, M.D.</p>
<p> Age: 62</p>
<p> Education: BS, University of Rochester, New York;
MD, University of Miami School of
Medicine; Graduate, U.S. Navy School of
Aviation and Space Medicine</p>
<p> Career: U.S. Navy, 7 years -- Flight Surgeon.
<p> Career: U.S. Navy, 7 years -- Flight Surgeon.
In practice for over 25 years. Former
state president, Florida, American
College of Emergency Physicians.
@ -102,29 +103,29 @@ regularly on radio and television
programs on health.
Doctor of the
Year: National Health Federation, 1985.</p>
<p> Dr. Douglass has studied in England with Dr. Katharina Dalton,
<p> Dr. Douglass has studied in England with Dr. Katharina Dalton,
discoverer of the premenstrual syndrome. He was one of the
first doctors in the United States to diagnose and treat PMS.
He opened his PMS Clinic in 1981.</p>
<p> Page 3</p>
<p> AIDS as a Weapon of War</p>
<p> William Campbell Douglass, M.D.</p>
<p> The great powers renounced chemical and biological warfare 20
<p> Page 3</p>
<p> AIDS as a Weapon of War</p>
<p> William Campbell Douglass, M.D.</p>
<p> The great powers renounced chemical and biological warfare 20
years ago -- but kept right on experimenting. The germ warfare
experiments on Seventh Day Adventist soldiers,</p>
<p> 1) the Tuskeegee syphilis experiments on prisoners,
<p> 1) the Tuskeegee syphilis experiments on prisoners,
2) the San Francisco Bay attack by the U.S. Army using
serratia marcescens bacteria,
3) the New York City subway germ attack
4 and many other experiments on humans, largely unknown to
the victims, continue in the free world.</p>
<p> In Novosybirsk, at the Ivanofsky Institute and other Soviet
<p> In Novosybirsk, at the Ivanofsky Institute and other Soviet
centers of biological warfare, you can be sure that similar
diabolical experiments on humans continue at a frantic pace.</p>
<p> The Soviet press, always masters of the half truth, accused
<p> The Soviet press, always masters of the half truth, accused
the U.S. Army of having engineered the AIDS virus in the biological
warfare laboratories at Fort Detrick, Maryland.</p>
<p> This was a clever psy-war ploy which, for a while anyway,
<p> This was a clever psy-war ploy which, for a while anyway,
neutralized those of us who were saying essentially the same thing,
that the AIDS virus was probably created through recombinant genetic
engineering (the rearranging of genes between two or more species of
@ -132,18 +133,18 @@ plants or animal) and/or serial passage: the growing of a virus in
a series of generations of tissue culture cells or live animals,
thus adapting the virus to a new species, using human tissue culture
cells in the top security labs at Fort Detrick.</p>
<p> People started accusing us of spreading the communist line, not
<p> People started accusing us of spreading the communist line, not
a comfortable position for a dedicated anti-communist like myself.</p>
<p> What the Soviet propagandists didn't say was that their agents
<p> What the Soviet propagandists didn't say was that their agents
had been working in our top security biological warfare laboratories
for over 20 years.</p>
<p> In a burst of brotherly love they were invited in by President
<p> In a burst of brotherly love they were invited in by President
Nixon. The astounded communist scientists from Russia, the Eastern
Bloc and Communist china, who had been trying to penetrate this
vital security area for 40 years, quickly accepted.</p>
<p> They have been snickering in their beakers ever since, while
<p> They have been snickering in their beakers ever since, while
they prepare for our demise.</p>
<p> "It's no secret that they are there," Dr. Carlton Gajdusek,
<p> "It's no secret that they are there," Dr. Carlton Gajdusek,
Nobel Prize winner, a top official at the Fort Detrick Army
laboratory in Maryland, said in Onmi Magazine (March 1986): "In
the facility I have a building where more good and loyal communist
@ -151,36 +152,36 @@ scientists from the USSR and mainland China work, with full passkeys
to all the laboratories, than there are American. Even the Army's
infectious disease unit is loaded with foreign workers who are not
always friendly nationals."</p>
<p> This answer to an interview question refers to the high number
<p> This answer to an interview question refers to the high number
of Soviet bloc scientists in this U.S. facility who act as</p>
<p> Page 4</p>
<p> inspectors to ensure that we are not producing bacteriological
<p> Page 4</p>
<p> inspectors to ensure that we are not producing bacteriological
weapons in violation of treaties with the Soviets.</p>
<p> You can't put it more plainly than that. Even the Trojans
<p> You can't put it more plainly than that. Even the Trojans
weren't that stupid: at least they didn't KNOW the Trojan horse
was full of soldiers.</p>
<p> When it became obvious to the Communist press that we were
<p> When it became obvious to the Communist press that we were
getting the truth out about who was running things at Fort Detrick,
they completely reversed themselves and said it was all a mistake.
Everything was just fine at Fort Detrick.</p>
<p> To understand the enormity of our betrayal you must know about
<p> To understand the enormity of our betrayal you must know about
the origin of the AIDS virus. The virologists of the world, the
sorcerers who brought us this ghastly plague, have a united front in
denying that the virus was laboratory-made from known, lethal animal
viruses.</p>
<p> The scientific party line is that a monkey in Africa with AIDS
<p> The scientific party line is that a monkey in Africa with AIDS
bit a native on the butt. The native then went to town and gave it
to a prostitute who gave it to the local banker who gave it to his
wife and three girlfriends and what!</p>
<p> 50 to 75 million people became infected with AIDS in Africa and
<p> 50 to 75 million people became infected with AIDS in Africa and
throughout the world. This is an entirely preposterous story, and
it is preposterous because:</p>
<p> 1. The green velvet monkey of Africa doesn't get human AIDS. You
<p> 1. The green velvet monkey of Africa doesn't get human AIDS. You
can't reproduce the disease in monkeys even by injecting AIDS
virus directly into them.</p>
<p> 2. After injecting the virus into monkeys, you can't transmit it
<p> 2. After injecting the virus into monkeys, you can't transmit it
to other monkeys, much less to humans.</p>
<p> 3. Genetically, AIDS (HIV-1) is not even close to the monkey form
<p> 3. Genetically, AIDS (HIV-1) is not even close to the monkey form
of immunodeficiency virus.
[Ed. Note: For references on the three items above,
see: Seale, Dr. John J.,
@ -188,314 +189,314 @@ Royal Society of Medicine, Sept. 1987,
Seale, Dr. John J.,
The Origin of AIDS -- International
Conference on AIDS, Cairo, March 1988.]</p>
<p> 4. AIDS started not in the villages but in the cities of Africa,
<p> 4. AIDS started not in the villages but in the cities of Africa,
where there are no wild monkeys.</p>
<p> 5. The doubling time of AIDS infection being about 12 months, one
<p> 5. The doubling time of AIDS infection being about 12 months, one
monkey biting one native and then spreading the disease would
have taken 20 years to reach a million cases. Seventy-five million Africans became infected practically simultaneously.
At the same time, the disease became rampant in the U.S.,
Haiti and Brazil.</p>
<p> It is obvious that one monkey couldn't have done that (or one
<p> It is obvious that one monkey couldn't have done that (or one
homosexual, either). There had to be some sort of simultaneous
seeding process.</p>
<p> The only worldwide simultaneous seeding going on at the same
<p> The only worldwide simultaneous seeding going on at the same
time was the smallpox vaccine program of the World Health
Organization (the WHO).
Page 5</p>
<p> The early epidemiology of the AIDS pandemic fits the smallpox
<p> The early epidemiology of the AIDS pandemic fits the smallpox
vaccination project of the WHO -- AND NOTHING ELSE -- with the
exception of the U.S., which we will examine subsequently.)</p>
<p> The AIDS virus was created in a laboratory by combining lethal
<p> The AIDS virus was created in a laboratory by combining lethal
animal "retroviruses" in human cancer (HeLA) cell cultures. These
viruses have never before caused infection in man.</p>
<p> The "species barrier" has always been nature's way of keeping a
<p> The "species barrier" has always been nature's way of keeping a
deadly virus from wiping out the entire animal kingdom, including
man. The myxoma virus of rabbits, for example, wiped out the rabbit
population of Europe, but man and other animals were not affected.</p>
<p> The sheep visna virus completely decimated the flocks of
<p> The sheep visna virus completely decimated the flocks of
Iceland, but no other animal was affected.</p>
<p> The virologists deny that the AIDS virus, HIV-1, is of animal
<p> The virologists deny that the AIDS virus, HIV-1, is of animal
origin. I am sure that you see the paradox here. Aren't monkeys
animals?</p>
<p> They are also united in saying that it's not possible for the
<p> They are also united in saying that it's not possible for the
virus to have been engineered in a laboratory. If it didn't come
from other animals and it didn't come from a laboratory, and they
now admit privately that the monkey couldn't have done it, then it
must have come out of thin air. That's a theological position and
hence beyond argument. It's certainly not scientific.</p>
<p> These scientists who have created this monstrous problem in
<p> These scientists who have created this monstrous problem in
their sorcerer's retrovirology laboratories are constantly caught in
their own lies.</p>
<p> The line goes: "The AIDS virus could not have been engineered
<p> The line goes: "The AIDS virus could not have been engineered
in a laboratory because the technology wasn't available until
recently."</p>
<p> Icelandic scientists combined the sheep visna virus with human
<p> Icelandic scientists combined the sheep visna virus with human
tissue cells over 20 years ago. The technology has been refined in
recent years, but the basic process has been actively used in labs
all over the world for long before the AIDS virus made its dramatic
appearance.</p>
<p> But the scientists hold fast in their denial of culpability.
<p> But the scientists hold fast in their denial of culpability.
Professor William Jarrett said, when asked about the possibility of
AIDS arising from animal retroviruses, "That is like someone saying
babies come out of cabbages."5</p>
<p> Dr. Robert Gallo said that people who claim AIDS was
<p> Dr. Robert Gallo said that people who claim AIDS was
manufactured artificially are "either insane or communists."6</p>
<p> Dr. Luis Montagnier, the discoverer of the AIDS virus, said,
<p> Dr. Luis Montagnier, the discoverer of the AIDS virus, said,
"In 1970 there was not enough knowledge in genetic engineering to
make such a virus starting from already existing viruses."7 (See
Icelandic experiments mentioned above.)</p>
<p> This tower of lies must eventually fall of its own weight.
<p> This tower of lies must eventually fall of its own weight.
Then what? Where do we look for a solution? Certainly not from
the people who caused the disaster.</p>
<p> But where? -- the Pentagon? The Pentagon is supporting</p>
<p> Page 6</p>
<p> research on biological warfare in over 100 federal and private
<p> But where? -- the Pentagon? The Pentagon is supporting</p>
<p> Page 6</p>
<p> research on biological warfare in over 100 federal and private
laboratories, including those at many prominent universities.8 Yet,
Neil Levitt, who worked for 17 years at the Army Infectious Disease
Institute, says, "It's a joke...there's no defense against these
kinds of organisms. And if you can't defend against something, then
why are we pouring more and more money in it? There's something
else going on that we don't know about."9</p>
<p> Some joke.</p>
<p> A short virology lesson will help you understand that AIDS is
<p> Some joke.</p>
<p> A short virology lesson will help you understand that AIDS is
indeed an animal virus and that it was laboratory-made as a weapon
of biological warfare against the free world.</p>
<p> A basic rule of virology is that if two viruses have the same
<p> A basic rule of virology is that if two viruses have the same
shape, design and size, then they are almost certainly the same
virus (a very simple and easy to understand rule).10</p>
<p> For example, this virus:</p>
<p> ... a virus of bacteria (bugs have diseases, too), doesn't look
<p> For example, this virus:</p>
<p> ... a virus of bacteria (bugs have diseases, too), doesn't look
anything like this virus:</p>
<p> ___________
<p> ___________
/ \
/ ~~~~~~~ \
\ /
\___________/</p>
<p> ... a virus of ticks that's transmitted to pigs, or this virus:</p>
<p> __________
<p> ... a virus of ticks that's transmitted to pigs, or this virus:</p>
<p> __________
____/ ~~~~ \
/ ______/
\________/</p>
<p> ... which is found in horses.</p>
<p> The AIDS virus, which "couldn't have come from animal
<p> ... which is found in horses.</p>
<p> The AIDS virus, which "couldn't have come from animal
viruses" is almost certainly a recombinant virus from fusing a
cattle virus, bovine leukemia virus:</p>
<p> Page 7</p>
<p> ...with sheep visna virus:</p>
<p> You combine the two in human tissue culture cells and you get bovine
<p> Page 7</p>
<p> ...with sheep visna virus:</p>
<p> You combine the two in human tissue culture cells and you get bovine
visna virus:</p>
<p> ... A VIRUS THAT HERETOFORE DID NOT EXIST -- a product of man,
<p> ... A VIRUS THAT HERETOFORE DID NOT EXIST -- a product of man,
engineered in a laboratory.</p>
<p> Now, if you isolate the AIDS virus from an infected human, it
<p> Now, if you isolate the AIDS virus from an infected human, it
looks like this:</p>
<p> It doesn't look like this (the tick virus):</p>
<p> __________
<p> It doesn't look like this (the tick virus):</p>
<p> __________
____/ ~~~~ \
/ ______/
\________/</p>
<p> ... or this (the cattle virus):</p>
<p> Page 8</p>
<p> It looks like THIS:</p>
<p> ... the recombinant virus from cattle and sheep AND ITS CALLED
<p> ... or this (the cattle virus):</p>
<p> Page 8</p>
<p> It looks like THIS:</p>
<p> ... the recombinant virus from cattle and sheep AND ITS CALLED
AIDS. You don't have to be a genius to understand this. Any
properly instructed 10-year-old can understand it ....</p>
<p> But, some alert reader will say, we don't give smallpox
<p> But, some alert reader will say, we don't give smallpox
vaccinations in the U.S., so how do you explain the simultaneous
outbreak of AIDS in Africa, Brazil and Haiti, where they did indeed
give the vaccine, and in the U.S., where they didn't give the
vaccine?</p>
<p> Simple. The homosexual community was used as a large group of
<p> Simple. The homosexual community was used as a large group of
experimental animals through the hepatitis-B program. It didn't
take many infected homosexuals among the I.V. drug users to quickly
spread the disease among a large percentage of the addicts due to
the near certainly of infection through direct intravenous insertion
of the virus.</p>
<p> To understand the seeding of AIDS among homosexuals (and
<p> To understand the seeding of AIDS among homosexuals (and
eventually to the rest of us through bisexuals unless drastic action
is taken), you must know about a character with the strange name of
Wolf Szmuness. His life story will seem bizarre to you unless, like
me, you have a conspiratorial turn of mind.</p>
<p> Dr. Szmuness was a Polish Jew who supposedly ended up in a
<p> Dr. Szmuness was a Polish Jew who supposedly ended up in a
Siberian labor camp during World War II. But after the war he
somehow became a privileged person, was sent to medical school in
Tomsk, Russia, and married a Russian woman. Hardly typical
treatment of an enemy of the Soviet state [under Stalin.</p>
<p> Szmuness' biographer said that Wolf was always reluctant to
<p> Szmuness' biographer said that Wolf was always reluctant to
discuss "those dark years in Siberia." Maybe he wasn't in Siberia.
If he [actually] was, he certainly wasn't shoveling salt.</p>
<p> In 1959 the Soviet government "allowed" him to practice in
<p> In 1959 the Soviet government "allowed" him to practice in
Poland in a public health capacity. Standard policy in all
Communist countries is never to allow all members of a family to
travel out of the country to the West at the same time.</p>
<p> This eliminates 98 percent of all defection attempts. I have
<p> This eliminates 98 percent of all defection attempts. I have
physician friends in Hungary, for example. He can go to a meeting
anywhere in the world if she stays home. She can go if he stays
home. They can both go if the children are left at home. But in
1969, the entire Szmuness family was allowed by communist Poland to
go to a medical meeting in Italy. At that time they "defected" and
moved to New York City.</p>
<p> WITH NO AMERICAN CREDENTIALS WHATSOEVER, he immediately got a</p>
<p> Page 9</p>
<p> job as a "lab technician" at the New York City Blood Center. Within
<p> WITH NO AMERICAN CREDENTIALS WHATSOEVER, he immediately got a</p>
<p> Page 9</p>
<p> job as a "lab technician" at the New York City Blood Center. Within
a very few years this Polish immigrant was GIVEN HIS OWN LAB, a
separate department of epidemiology was created for him at the blood
bank and he, like the chrysalis turning into a butterfly, changed
into a FULL PROFESSOR OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AT THE COLUMBIA MEDICAL
SCHOOL!</p>
<p> In six years this "lab tech" became a full professor AND THEN
<p> In six years this "lab tech" became a full professor AND THEN
WENT BACK TO MOSCOW for a scientific presentation and was received
as a dignitary, not a defector.</p>
<p> We tell you this amazing story because in retrospect it is
<p> We tell you this amazing story because in retrospect it is
obvious that Wolf Szmuness was a carefully groomed ... agent,
planted here after years of preparation, to instigate biological
warfare against the American people.</p>
<p> Szmuness, with the full cooperation and financial support of
<p> Szmuness, with the full cooperation and financial support of
the U.S. Center for Disease Control and the National Institutes of
Health,11 masterminded the hepatitis-B vaccine experimental program
used on homosexual men.</p>
<p> He insisted that only young, promiscuous homosexuals be allowed
<p> He insisted that only young, promiscuous homosexuals be allowed
to participate in the experiment. The experiment started in New
York at the blood bank in November 1978.</p>
<p> THE EXPERIMENTAL VACCINE WAS PRODUCED in a government
<p> THE EXPERIMENTAL VACCINE WAS PRODUCED in a government
supervised laboratory.12 The study was completed in October 1979.
Within 10 years, most of these young men would be dead or dying from
AIDS.</p>
<p> In 1980 the program was expanded to major cities all across the
<p> In 1980 the program was expanded to major cities all across the
U.S. In the fall of 1980 the first AIDS case was reported in San
Francisco. Eight years later most of the homosexuals in San
Francisco are infected, dead or dying.</p>
<p> Szmuness did not live to see the fruition of this larger
<p> Szmuness did not live to see the fruition of this larger
experiment. He died of cancer in 1982.</p>
<p> In 1986 Dr. Cladd Stevens, one of Szmuness's collaborators,
<p> In 1986 Dr. Cladd Stevens, one of Szmuness's collaborators,
penned an astonishing report that did not make your local newspaper.</p>
<p> She reported that the majority of the homosexuals in the
<p> She reported that the majority of the homosexuals in the
experimental program were infected with the AIDS virus.13 The AIDS-laced vaccine, through the bridge of bisexual men, now infects as
many as three million Americans. Mission accomplished.</p>
<p> AIDS was not the first germ warfare attack against Americans.</p>
<p> In the early '60s, millions of unsuspecting Americans took
<p> AIDS was not the first germ warfare attack against Americans.</p>
<p> In the early '60s, millions of unsuspecting Americans took
either Salk injected polio vaccine or the live Sabin polio vaccine,
which was taken by mouth.</p>
<p> BOTH WERE LACED WITH S.V.-40, A CANCER-CAUSING MONKEY VIRUS.14</p>
<p> With an incubation period of 20 years, we are only now seeing
<p> BOTH WERE LACED WITH S.V.-40, A CANCER-CAUSING MONKEY VIRUS.14</p>
<p> With an incubation period of 20 years, we are only now seeing
the grim results of this bio-attack against Americans, largely in
the form of brain tumors and leukemia.</p>
<p> Page 10</p>
<p> Salk didn't like the Sabin vaccine and Sabin didn't like the
<p> Page 10</p>
<p> Salk didn't like the Sabin vaccine and Sabin didn't like the
Salk vaccine. I think they are both right. It is interesting to
note that polio was rapidly disappearing WITHOUT a vaccine (J. Trop.
Pediat, env. Child. Health 21, 11) ....</p>
<p> Our Soviet enemies not only instigated the AIDS epidemic
<p> Our Soviet enemies not only instigated the AIDS epidemic
through clandestine agents within our government, but they now
control, through the World Health Organization, the AIDS policies of
the free world.</p>
<p> You are probably not aware that the international AIDS
<p> You are probably not aware that the international AIDS
prevention program of the World Health Organization (WHO) is run by
the Soviets.</p>
<p> You don't believe it? Call WHO and ask them who is in charge
<p> You don't believe it? Call WHO and ask them who is in charge
in Europe. If you want to save your nickel I'll tell you. He's a
Russian named Bysencho and he operates out of Copenhagen....</p>
<p> The Soviets control the response to AIDS of the entire free
<p> The Soviets control the response to AIDS of the entire free
world at many levels, including the top. Dr. Sergei Litvinov,
the coordinator of all task forces on AIDS at the WHO, is a high
official in the Soviet Ministry of Health. Allegedly Litvinov
gave out the order to our scientists and medical organizations in
the western world not to discuss the real cause of the epidemic.</p>
<p> At a secret meeting (information supplied the author from a
<p> At a secret meeting (information supplied the author from a
confidential source) between the editors of Lancet, the highly
respected British medical publication, and a group of the leading
retrovirologists of the world, it was decided not to publish any
academic discussion about the possible artificial creation of the
AIDS virus in a laboratory.</p>
<p> They particularly agreed not to make any mention of world-renowned biologist Isaac Farlane Bernet's published remarks that
<p> They particularly agreed not to make any mention of world-renowned biologist Isaac Farlane Bernet's published remarks that
molecular biology may get out of hand like atomic physics and be
used for evil purposes and "practical applications of molecular
biology to cancer research might be sinister."</p>
<p> Other medical journals such as Science and JAMA have
<p> Other medical journals such as Science and JAMA have
lockstepped with Lancet and put all references to the man-made
origins of AIDS down the memory hole.</p>
<p> Did Comrade Litvinov have a little talk with the
<p> Did Comrade Litvinov have a little talk with the
retrovirologists? They, of course, wouldn't need any encouragement
from the Soviet [WHO] bosses to attempt a little coverup of their
own heinous crime, but Lancet, the British Medical Journal, and the
New England Journal of Medicine are another matter.</p>
<p> It took some powerful and sinister forces indeed to get these
<p> It took some powerful and sinister forces indeed to get these
respected publications to cover up the crime of the millennium.</p>
<p> The notable exception to this appalling censorship of mass
<p> The notable exception to this appalling censorship of mass
murder is Professor Harding Rains, Editor of the Journal of the
Royal Society of Medicine. Rains refers to "a conspiracy of
silence" covering the allegation that AIDS was man-made. I hope
Dr. Rains is watching his backside.</p>
<p> Dr. Zhores Medvedev, unlike Bysencho and Litvinov, supposedly
<p> Dr. Zhores Medvedev, unlike Bysencho and Litvinov, supposedly
is a Russian exile. Medvedev operates out of London at the National</p>
<p> Page 11</p>
<p> Institute for Medical Research. He's a senior research scientist
<p> Page 11</p>
<p> Institute for Medical Research. He's a senior research scientist
who continues to communicate freely with his supposed enemies in the
Soviet biowarfare laboratories, but we lack the space to catalog all
the details [here].</p>
<p> Medvedev is spreading the disinformation that AIDS is rampant
<p> Medvedev is spreading the disinformation that AIDS is rampant
in Russia due to the escape of the virus from a laboratory, a sort
of biological Chernobyl.</p>
<p> This tends to divert suspicion away from Litvinov, Szmuness and
<p> This tends to divert suspicion away from Litvinov, Szmuness and
the other reds that President Nixon allowed to penetrate our
biological warfare laboratories at Fort Detrick, Maryland.</p>
<p> Having the Soviets "control" the spread of AIDS in the West has
<p> Having the Soviets "control" the spread of AIDS in the West has
let to some interesting paradoxes. Our masters in the U.S. tell us
that there shall be absolutely no restrictions on travel between
various parts of the non-Communist world by persons who test
positive for AIDS.</p>
<p> Surgeon General C.E. Koop supports this Soviet policy of
<p> Surgeon General C.E. Koop supports this Soviet policy of
biological suicide. (Are those the instructions he received when he
made his trip to Moscow, where the WHO has set up its main AIDS
research center?)</p>
<p> But, our Soviet masters in the WHO tell us, this open policy of
<p> But, our Soviet masters in the WHO tell us, this open policy of
international travel does not apply to the communist bloc of
nations. If you or I were to visit Moscow and tested positive for
the AIDS virus, POW! -- out on the next plane!</p>
<p> If they stay clean through their immigration policies and we
<p> If they stay clean through their immigration policies and we
die because of the immigration policies imposed on us through the
U.N.-controlled World "Health" Organization, who needs atomic bombs
for world conquest?</p>
<p> Cuba, Dr. John Seale informs me, has a strict asylum system for
<p> Cuba, Dr. John Seale informs me, has a strict asylum system for
the AIDS-infected. When their troops come back from "liberating"
Africans, they are tested as they get off the boat.</p>
<p> If tested positive the soldier goes directly to hell --
<p> If tested positive the soldier goes directly to hell --
euphemistically called a sanitarium. He can visit his family
occasionally, but only in the presence of a commissar called a
"health official (no hanky-panky).</p>
<p> Unless the West gets its act together and closes down the U.N.
<p> Unless the West gets its act together and closes down the U.N.
genocide division called the WHO, freedom and decency will disappear
from planet Earth for a thousand years. But the problem goes much
deeper.</p>
<p> How do you close down the U.S. government laboratories such as
<p> How do you close down the U.S. government laboratories such as
the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the National Institute of
Health (NIH) and the Fort Detrick bio-warfare lab when the
perpetrators of the crime are in control at all levels?</p>
<p> I don't know the answer. *****</p>
<p> _________________________</p>
<p> Page 12</p>
<p> 1 Project Whitecoat, to be published in Health Freedom News,
<p> I don't know the answer. *****</p>
<p> _________________________</p>
<p> Page 12</p>
<p> 1 Project Whitecoat, to be published in Health Freedom News,
P.O. Box 688, Monrovia CA 91016/Subscription $20.00 per year.</p>
<p> 2 Bad Blood, J.H. Jones, MacMillan, NY, 1982.</p>
<p> 3 Common Cause Magazine, Jan./Feb. 1988.</p>
<p> 4 First aids Report, March/April 1988.</p>
<p> 5 Private communication, John Seale, M.D., 1988</p>
<p> 6 Ibid.</p>
<p> 7 First International Conference on the Global Impact of aids,
<p> 2 Bad Blood, J.H. Jones, MacMillan, NY, 1982.</p>
<p> 3 Common Cause Magazine, Jan./Feb. 1988.</p>
<p> 4 First aids Report, March/April 1988.</p>
<p> 5 Private communication, John Seale, M.D., 1988</p>
<p> 6 Ibid.</p>
<p> 7 First International Conference on the Global Impact of aids,
London, March 8-10, 1988.</p>
<p> 8 New Scientist, London, 5/19/88.</p>
<p> 9 Science News, 133:100, 2/13/88.</p>
<p> 10 Joklik, Virology, 2nd edition, pp. 36 ff.</p>
<p> 11 AIDS and the Doctors of Death, Cantwell, Aries Rising Press,
<p> 8 New Scientist, London, 5/19/88.</p>
<p> 9 Science News, 133:100, 2/13/88.</p>
<p> 10 Joklik, Virology, 2nd edition, pp. 36 ff.</p>
<p> 11 AIDS and the Doctors of Death, Cantwell, Aries Rising Press,
Los Angeles,p.76.</p>
<p> 12 Ibid.</p>
<p> 13 Ibid.
<p> 12 Ibid.</p>
<p> 13 Ibid.
14 Salk/Sabin s.v.-40 Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci., vol. 77, #8,
p. 4861, and Atlantic Monthly, 2/76.</p>
<p> If you have comments or other information relating to such topics as
<p> If you have comments or other information relating to such topics as
this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the Vangard
Sciences address as listed on the first page. Thank you for your
consideration, interest and support.</p>
<p> Jerry W. Decker...Ron Barker.....Chuck Henderson
<p> Jerry W. Decker...Ron Barker.....Chuck Henderson
Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
--------------------------------------------------------------------
If we can be of service, you may contact
@ -503,4 +504,5 @@ Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 484-3189
--------------------------------------------------------------------
</p>
</div>
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pre-src-xml/aids02.xml
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@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Title : AIDS: The Facts</p>
<p>Source : American Red Cross</p>
<p> AIDS:
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Title : AIDS: The Facts</p>
<p>Source : American Red Cross</p>
<p> AIDS:
Spread Facts
Not Fear</p>
<p>What Is AIDS?</p>
<p>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a serious condition that affects
<p>What Is AIDS?</p>
<p>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a serious condition that affects
the body's ability to fight infection. A disgnosis of AIDS is made when a
person develops a life-threatening illness not usually found in a person with a
normal ability to fight infection. The two diseases most often found in AIDS
@ -14,8 +15,8 @@ patients are a lung infection called Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and a rare
form of cancer called Kaposi's sarcoma. It is these diseases, not the AIDS
virus itself, that can lead to death. To date, more than 50 percent of the
persons with AIDS have died.</p>
<p>What Causes AIDS?</p>
<p>Researchers have discovered the cause of AIDS - a virus that is called either
<p>What Causes AIDS?</p>
<p>Researchers have discovered the cause of AIDS - a virus that is called either
HTLV-III or LAV. This virus changes the structure of the cell it attacks.
Infection with the virus can lead to AIDS or to a less severe condition known
as AIDS-related complex (ARC). Some of those persons infected with the virus
@ -23,48 +24,48 @@ will develop symptoms of AIDS or ARC. Other people who carry the virus may
remain in apparent good health. These carriers can transmit the virus during
sexual contact, or an infected mother can transmit the virus to her infant
before, during, or after birth (probably through breast milk).</p>
<p>Who Gets AIDS?</p>
<p>Since 1981, the Centers for Disease Control has been collecting information
<p>Who Gets AIDS?</p>
<p>Since 1981, the Centers for Disease Control has been collecting information
on AIDS. Approximately 95 percent of the persons with AIDS belong to one of the
following groups:</p>
<p>* Sexually active homosexual or bisexual men (73 percent)</p>
<p>* Present or past abusers of intravenous drugs (17 percent)</p>
<p>* Patients who have had transfusions with blood or blood products (2 percent)</p>
<p>* Persons with hemophilia or other coagulation disorders (1 percent)</p>
<p>* Heterosexuals who have had sexual contact with someone with AIDS, or at risk
<p>* Sexually active homosexual or bisexual men (73 percent)</p>
<p>* Present or past abusers of intravenous drugs (17 percent)</p>
<p>* Patients who have had transfusions with blood or blood products (2 percent)</p>
<p>* Persons with hemophilia or other coagulation disorders (1 percent)</p>
<p>* Heterosexuals who have had sexual contact with someone with AIDS, or at risk
for AIDS (1 percent)</p>
<p>* Infants born to infected mothers (1 percent)</p>
<p>Approximately 5 percent of persons with AIDS do not fall into any of these
<p>* Infants born to infected mothers (1 percent)</p>
<p>Approximately 5 percent of persons with AIDS do not fall into any of these
groups, but researchers believe that they came in contact with the virus in
similar ways. Some died before complete histories could be taken, while others
refused to provide any personal information.</p>
<p>What Are the Symptoms?</p>
<p>Most individuals infected with the AIDS virus have no symptoms and feel well.
<p>What Are the Symptoms?</p>
<p>Most individuals infected with the AIDS virus have no symptoms and feel well.
Some develop symptoms that may include -</p>
<p>* Fever, including "night sweats."</p>
<p>* Weight loss for no apparent reason.</p>
<p>* Swollen lymph glands in the neck, underarm, or groin area.</p>
<p>* Fatigue or tiredness.</p>
<p>* Diarrhea.</p>
<p>* White spots or unusual blemishes in the mouth.</p>
<p>These symptoms are also symptoms of many other illnesses. They may be symptoms
<p>* Fever, including "night sweats."</p>
<p>* Weight loss for no apparent reason.</p>
<p>* Swollen lymph glands in the neck, underarm, or groin area.</p>
<p>* Fatigue or tiredness.</p>
<p>* Diarrhea.</p>
<p>* White spots or unusual blemishes in the mouth.</p>
<p>These symptoms are also symptoms of many other illnesses. They may be symptoms
of AIDS if they are unexplained by other illness. Anyone with these symptoms
for more than two weeks should see a doctor.</p>
<p>How is the AIDS Virus Spread?</p>
<p>The AIDS virus is spread by sexual contact, needle sharing, or rarely through
<p>How is the AIDS Virus Spread?</p>
<p>The AIDS virus is spread by sexual contact, needle sharing, or rarely through
transfused blood or its components. Multiple sexual partners, either homosexual
or heterosexual, and sharing needles by drug users increase the risk of
infection with the virus.</p>
<p>Is the AIDS Virus Spread Through Casual Contact?</p>
<p>No. Casual contact with AIDS patients or people who carry the virus does NOT
<p>Is the AIDS Virus Spread Through Casual Contact?</p>
<p>No. Casual contact with AIDS patients or people who carry the virus does NOT
place others at risk for getting AIDS. The AIDS virus is NOT spread by-</p>
<p>* Casual contact, such as hugging or hand shaking with an AIDS patient or a
<p>* Casual contact, such as hugging or hand shaking with an AIDS patient or a
person carrying the virus.</p>
<p>* Use of bathroom facilities, such as toilets, sinks, or bathtubs. Use of
<p>* Use of bathroom facilities, such as toilets, sinks, or bathtubs. Use of
swimming pools.</p>
<p>* Sneezing, coughing, or spitting.</p>
<p>* Dishes, utensils, or food handled by a person with AIDS.</p>
<p>The AIDS virus is not spread through normal daily contact at work, in school,
<p>* Sneezing, coughing, or spitting.</p>
<p>* Dishes, utensils, or food handled by a person with AIDS.</p>
<p>The AIDS virus is not spread through normal daily contact at work, in school,
or at home. No cases have been found where the virus has been transmitted by
casual contact with AIDS patients in the home, workplace, or health care
setting. This statement is based in part, on studies of more than 300
@ -73,75 +74,76 @@ transmission of the virus was found except from sexual contacts or from
infected mothers to their infants. Many of those tested were children who had
shared bottles, beds, toothbrushes, and eating utensils with infected brothers
and sisters.</p>
<p>Is There a Test for AIDS?</p>
<p>There is an AIDS virus antibody test that detects antibodies to the AIDS virus
<p>Is There a Test for AIDS?</p>
<p>There is an AIDS virus antibody test that detects antibodies to the AIDS virus
that causes the disease. The body produces antibodies that try to get rid of
bacteria, viruses, or anything else that is not supposed to be in the blood
stream. The test tells if someone has been infected with the AIDS virus. Most
people with AIDS have a positive test and some people with a positive test
will develop AIDS. The test does not tell who will develop AIDS.</p>
<p>What Does a Positive Test Mean?</p>
<p>It means that a person has been infected with the AIDS virus. It is estimated
<p>What Does a Positive Test Mean?</p>
<p>It means that a person has been infected with the AIDS virus. It is estimated
that more than one million Americans have been infected by the AIDS virus. Some
of these people will develop AIDS. Others who have the virus may stay well,
without any symptoms, but can transmit the virus to others.</p>
<p>Why Do We Have a Test?</p>
<p>The test was first used in blood donation centers to prevent the AIDS virus
<p>Why Do We Have a Test?</p>
<p>The test was first used in blood donation centers to prevent the AIDS virus
from getting into the blood supply. We have always used tests to make the
blood supply as safe as possible. For example, all blood is tested for the
hepatitis B virus. This is to make sure that the person does not get hepatitis
B.</p>
<p>Is the Blood Supply Safe?</p>
<p>YES. The blood supply is well protected from the AIDS virus. People who may be
<p>Is the Blood Supply Safe?</p>
<p>YES. The blood supply is well protected from the AIDS virus. People who may be
at risk of having AIDS are told that they should not donate blood. For example,
men who have had sex with another male since 1977 are told not to donate blood.
Also, the test is used to screen all donated blood and plasma for signs of the
virus that causes AIDS.</p>
<p>Can I Get AIDS by Donating Blood?</p>
<p>NO. All of the needles, syringes, tubing, and containers used by blood donation
<p>Can I Get AIDS by Donating Blood?</p>
<p>NO. All of the needles, syringes, tubing, and containers used by blood donation
centers are sterile and are used only once and thrown away, so there is no
chance of infection.</p>
<p>Is the Test Available to the Public?</p>
<p>YES. The test is available at a variety of test sites in most states. It is
<p>Is the Test Available to the Public?</p>
<p>YES. The test is available at a variety of test sites in most states. It is
also available through private doctors and clinics. Information about where to
get the test is available from state or local health departments, sexually
transmitted disease clinics, doctor's offices, and community blood services.
Anyone planning to take the test should get advice before the test and
understand what the results may indicate. It is important to have counseling
after the test.</p>
<p>How Can I Protect Myself From AIDS?</p>
<p>* Do not have sexual contact with AIDS patients, with members of the risk
<p>How Can I Protect Myself From AIDS?</p>
<p>* Do not have sexual contact with AIDS patients, with members of the risk
groups, or with people who test positive for the AIDS virus. If you do, use
a condom and avoid sexual practices such as anal intercourse that may injure
tissue.</p>
<p>* Do not use IV drugs. If you do, do not share needles. Do not have sex with
<p>* Do not use IV drugs. If you do, do not share needles. Do not have sex with
people who use IV drugs.</p>
<p>* Women who are sex partners of risk group members or who use IV drugs should
<p>* Women who are sex partners of risk group members or who use IV drugs should
consider the risk to their babies before pregnancy. These women should have
an HTLV-III antibody test before they become pregnant. If the become pregnant
they should have a test during pregnancy.</p>
<p>* Do not have sex with multiple partners, including prostitutes (who may also
<p>* Do not have sex with multiple partners, including prostitutes (who may also
be IV drug abusers). The more partners you have, the greater your chances of
contracting AIDS.</p>
<p>What Should I Do if I Have a Positive Test?</p>
<p>* Have a regular medical checkup and get counseling.</p>
<p>* Do not donate blood, sperm, or organs.</p>
<p>* Do not share drugs with others, and avoid exchanging bodily fluids during
<p>What Should I Do if I Have a Positive Test?</p>
<p>* Have a regular medical checkup and get counseling.</p>
<p>* Do not donate blood, sperm, or organs.</p>
<p>* Do not share drugs with others, and avoid exchanging bodily fluids during
sexual activity (a condom should be used). Avoid oral-genital contact and
intimate kissing.</p>
<p>* Do not share toothbrushes. razors, or anything that could be contaminated
<p>* Do not share toothbrushes. razors, or anything that could be contaminated
with blood.</p>
<p>* Consider postponing pregnancy.</p>
<p>Further information about AIDS can be obtained from your Red Cross chapter,
<p>* Consider postponing pregnancy.</p>
<p>Further information about AIDS can be obtained from your Red Cross chapter,
local or state health department, other community agencies, or the Public
Health Service Hotline. The hotline number is 1-800-342-AIDS. Atlanta Area
callers should dial 329-1290.</p>
<p>______________________________________________________________________________</p>
<p>Developed in cooperation with the Washington Business Group on Health, based
<p>______________________________________________________________________________</p>
<p>Developed in cooperation with the Washington Business Group on Health, based
upon Public Health Service/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
pamphlet "Facts About AIDS"</p>
<p>Funding provided by the American Council of Life Insurance and the Health
<p>Funding provided by the American Council of Life Insurance and the Health
Insurance Association of America.
______________________________________________________________________________</p>
<p>AIDS-1 Rev. May 1986</p>
</div>
<p>AIDS-1 Rev. May 1986</p>
</div>
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@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> </p>
<p> ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: </p>
<p> :: AIDS: A U.S.- Made Monster? :: </p>
<p> ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: </p>
<p> :: PREFACE :: </p>
<p> In an extensive article in the Summer-Autumn 1990 issue of "Top Secret", prof
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> </p>
<p> ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: </p>
<p> :: AIDS: A U.S.- Made Monster? :: </p>
<p> ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: </p>
<p> :: PREFACE :: </p>
<p> In an extensive article in the Summer-Autumn 1990 issue of "Top Secret", prof
J. Segal and Dr. L. Segal outline their theory that AIDS is a man-made disease,
originating at Pentagon bacteriological warfare labs at Fort Detrick, Maryland.
Top Secret is the international edition of the German magazine Geheim and is
@ -18,10 +19,10 @@ lengthy, has a lot of professional terminology and is dotted with footnotes.
The following is my humble attempt to encapsulate its highlights. It is
recommended that all interested read the original, which is available at some
bookstores, or can be ordered for $3.50 from: </p>
<p> Top Secret/Geheim Magazine P.O.Box 270324 5000 Koln 1 Germany </p>
<p> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - </p>
<p> :: AIDS FACTS :: </p>
<p> "The fatal weakening of the immune system which has given AIDS its name
<p> Top Secret/Geheim Magazine P.O.Box 270324 5000 Koln 1 Germany </p>
<p> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - </p>
<p> :: AIDS FACTS :: </p>
<p> "The fatal weakening of the immune system which has given AIDS its name
(Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome)," write the Segals, "has been traced back
to a destruction or a functional failure of the T4-lymphocytes, also called
'helper cells', which play a regulatory role in the production of antibodies in
@ -29,21 +30,21 @@ the immune system." In the course of the illness, the number of functional T4-ce
defenseless patient remains exposed to a range of infections that under other
circumstances would have been harmless. Most AIDS patients die from
opportunistic infections rather than from the AIDS virus itself. </p>
<p> The initial infection is characterized by diarrhea, erysipelas and intermittent
<p> The initial infection is characterized by diarrhea, erysipelas and intermittent
fever. An apparent recovery follows after 2-3 weeks, and in many cases the
patient remains without symptoms and functions normally for years. Occasionally
a swelling of the lymph glands, which does not affect the patient's well-being,
can be observed. </p>
<p> After several years, the pre-AIDS stage, known as ARC (Aids-Related Complex)
<p> After several years, the pre-AIDS stage, known as ARC (Aids-Related Complex)
sets in. This stage includes disorders in the digestive tract, kidneys and
lungs. In most cases it develops into full-blown AIDS in about a year, at which
point opportunistic illnesses occur. Parallel to this syndrome, disorders in
various organ systems occur, the most severe in the brain, the symptoms of
which range from motoric disorders to severe dementia and death. </p>
<p> This set of symptoms, say the Segals, is identical in every detail with the
<p> This set of symptoms, say the Segals, is identical in every detail with the
Visna sickness which occurs in sheep, mainly in Iceland. (Visna means tiredness
in Icelandic). However, the visna virus is not pathogenic for human beings. </p>
<p> The Segals note that despite the fact that AIDS is transmitted only through
<p> The Segals note that despite the fact that AIDS is transmitted only through
sexual intercourse, blood transfusions and non-sterile hypodermic needles, the
infection has spread dramatically. During the first few years after its
discovery, the number of AIDS patients doubled every six months, and is still
@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ optimistic estimates. Even when such vaccination becomes available, it will not
help those already infected. These and following figures have been reached at
by several different mainstream sources, such as the US Surgeon General and the
Chief of the medical services of the US Army. </p>
<p> Say the Segals: "AIDS does not merely bring certain dangers with it; it is
<p> Say the Segals: "AIDS does not merely bring certain dangers with it; it is
clearly a programmed catastrophe for the human race, whose magnitude is
comparable only with that of a nuclear war." They later explain what they mean
by "programmed," showing that the virus was produced by humans, namely Dr.
@ -69,14 +70,14 @@ given preference to the investigative results of highly renowned laboratories,
whose objective contents cannot be doubted. We must emphasize, in this
connection, that we do not know of any findings that have been published in
professional journals that contradict our hypotheses." </p>
<p> :: DISCOVERING AIDS :: </p>
<p> The first KNOWN cases of AIDS occurred in New York in 1979. The first
<p> :: DISCOVERING AIDS :: </p>
<p> The first KNOWN cases of AIDS occurred in New York in 1979. The first
DESCRIBED cases were in California in 1979. The virus was isolated in Paris in
May 1983, taken from a French homosexual who had returned home ill from a trip
to the East Coast of the US. One year later, Robert Gallo and his co-workers at
the Bethesda Cancer Research Center published their discovery of the same
virus, which is cytotoxic, i.e poisonous to cells. </p>
<p> Shortly after publishing his discovery, Gallo stated to newspapers that the
<p> Shortly after publishing his discovery, Gallo stated to newspapers that the
virus had developed by a natural process from the Human Adult Leukemia virus,
HTLV-1, which he had previously discovered. However, this claim was not
published in professional publications, and soon after, Alizon and Montagnier,
@ -84,13 +85,13 @@ two researchers of the Pasteur Institute in Paris published charts of HTLV-1
and HIV, showing that the viruses had basically different structures. They also
declared categorically that they knew of no natural process by which one of
these two forms could have evolved into the other. </p>
<p> According to the professional "science" magazine, the fall 1984 annual meeting
<p> According to the professional "science" magazine, the fall 1984 annual meeting
of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), was almost
entirely devoted to the question of: to what extent new pathogenic agents could
be produced via human manipulation of genes. According to the Segals, AIDS was
practically the sole topic of discussion. </p>
<p> :: THE AIDS VIRUS :: </p>
<p> The Segals discuss the findings of Gonda et al, who compared the HIV, visna
<p> :: THE AIDS VIRUS :: </p>
<p> The Segals discuss the findings of Gonda et al, who compared the HIV, visna
and other closely-related viruses and found that the visna virus is the most
similar to HIV. The two were, in fact, 60% identical in 1986. According to
findings of the Hahn group, the mutation rate of the HIV virus was about a
@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ viruses changed into HIV, receiving at the same time the ability to become
parasites in human T4-cells and the high genetic instability that is not known
in other retroviruses. This is also consistent with the fact that the first
cases of AIDS appeared about one year later, in the spring of 1979." </p>
<p> "In his comparison of the genomes of visna and HIV," add the Segals, "Coffin
<p> "In his comparison of the genomes of visna and HIV," add the Segals, "Coffin
hit upon a remarkable feature. The env (envelope) area of the HIV genome, which
encodes the envelope proteins which help the virus to attach itself to the host
cell, is about 300 nucleotides longer than the same area in visna. This
@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ of the visna virus, a piece that alters the envelope proteins and enables them
to bind themselves to the T4-receptors. BUT THIS SECTION BEHAVES LIKE A
BIOLOGICALLY ALIEN BODY, which does not match the rest of the system
biochemically. (emphasis mine) </p>
<p> The above mentioned work by Gonda et al shows that the HIV virus has a section
<p> The above mentioned work by Gonda et al shows that the HIV virus has a section
of about 300 nucleotides, which does not exist in the visna virus. That length
corresponds with what Coffin described. That section is particularly unstable,
which indicates that it is an alien object. According to the Segals, it
@ -127,22 +128,22 @@ combination of two genome parts which are alien to each other BY ARTIFICIAL
MEANS rather than by a natural process of evolution, because this process would
have immediately eliminated, through natural selection, systems that are so
replete with disorders." </p>
<p> "These are the facts of the case," say the Segals. "HIV is essentially a visna
<p> "These are the facts of the case," say the Segals. "HIV is essentially a visna
virus which carries an additional protein monomer of HTLV-1 that has an epitope
capable of bonding with T4 receptors. Neither Alizon and Montagnier nor any
other biologist know of any natural mechanism that would make it possible for
the epitope to be transferred from HTLV-1 to the visna virus. For this reason
we can come to only one conclusion: that this gene combination arose by
artificial means, through gene manipulation." </p>
<p> :: THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIV :: </p>
<p> "The construction of a recombinant virus by means of gene manipulation is
<p> :: THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIV :: </p>
<p> "The construction of a recombinant virus by means of gene manipulation is
extraordinarily expensive, and it requires a large number of highly qualified
personnel, complicated equipment and expensive high security laboratories.
Moreover, the product would have no commercial value. Who, then," ask the
Segals, "would have provided the resources for a type of research that was
aimed solely at the production of a new disease that would be deadly to human
beings?" </p>
<p> The English sociologist Allistair Hay (as well as Paxman et al in "A Higher
<p> The English sociologist Allistair Hay (as well as Paxman et al in "A Higher
Form of Killing"-ED), published a document whose authenticity has been
confirmed by the US Congress, showing that a representative of the Pentagon
requested in 1969 additional funding for biological warfare research. The
@ -150,20 +151,20 @@ intention was to create, within the next ten years, a new virus that would
not be susceptible to the immune system, so that the afflicted patient would
not be able to develop any defense against it. Ten years later, in the spring
of 1979, the first cases of AIDS appeared in New York. </p>
<p> "Thus began a phase of frantic experimentation," say the Segals. </p>
<p> One group was working on trying to cause animal pathogens to adapt themselves
<p> "Thus began a phase of frantic experimentation," say the Segals. </p>
<p> One group was working on trying to cause animal pathogens to adapt themselves
to life in human beings. This was done under the cover of searching for a cure
for cancer. The race was won by Gallo, who described his findings in 1975. A
year later, Gallo described gene manipulations he was conducting. In 1980 he
published his discovery of HTLV. </p>
<p> In the fall of 1977, a P4 (highest security category of laboratory, in which
<p> In the fall of 1977, a P4 (highest security category of laboratory, in which
human pathogens are subjected to genetic manipulations) laboratory was
officially opened in building 550 of Fort Detrick, MD, the Pentagon's main
biological warfare research center. "In an article in 'Der Spiegel', Prof.
Mollings point out that this type of gene manipulation was still extremely
difficult in 1977. One would have had to have a genius as great as Robert Gallo
for this purpose, note the Segals." </p>
<p> Lo and behold. In a supposed compliance with the international accord banning
<p> Lo and behold. In a supposed compliance with the international accord banning
the research, production and storage of biological weapons, part of Fort
Detrick was "demilitarized" and the virus section renamed the "Frederick
Cancer Research Facility". It was put under the direction of the Cancer
@ -174,14 +175,14 @@ agents are traditionally tested on prisoners who are incarcerated for long
periods, and who are promised freedom if they survive the test. However, the
initial HIV infection symptoms are mild and followed by a seemingly healthy
patient. </p>
<p> "Those who conducted the research must have concluded that the new virus
<p> "Those who conducted the research must have concluded that the new virus
was...not so virulent that it could be considered for military use, and the
test patients, who had seemingly recovered, were given their freedom. Most of
the patients were professional criminals and New York City, which is
relatively close, offered them a suitable milieu. Moreover, the patients were
exclusively men, many of them having a history of homosexuality and drug abuse,
as is often the case in American prisons. 1111 </p>
<p> It is understandable why AIDS broke out precisely in 1979, precisely among men
<p> It is understandable why AIDS broke out precisely in 1979, precisely among men
and among drug users, and precisely in New York City," assert the Segals. They
go on to explain that whereas in cases of infection by means of sexual contact,
incubation periods are two years and more, while in cases of massive infection
@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ periods are shorter than a year. "Thus, if the new virus was ready at the
beginning of 1978 and if the experiments began without too much delay, then
the first cases of full-blown AIDS in 1979 were exactly the result that
could have been expected." </p>
<p> In the next three lengthy chapters, the Segals examine other theories,
<p> In the next three lengthy chapters, the Segals examine other theories,
"legends" as they call them, of the origins of AIDS. Dissecting each claim,
they show that they have no scientific standing, providing also the findings
of other scientists. They also bring up the arguments of scientists and
@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ popular writers who have been at the task of discounting them as "conspiracy
theorists" and show these writers' shortcomings. Interested readers will have
to read the original article to follow those debates. I will only quote two
more paragraphs: </p>
<p> "We often heard the argument that experiments with human volunteers are part of
<p> "We often heard the argument that experiments with human volunteers are part of
a barbaric past, and that they would be impossible in the US today... We wish
to present one single document whose authenticity is beyond doubt. An
investigative commission of the US House of Representatives presented in
@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ volunteered, but they also included residents of old-age homes, inmates of
insane asylums, handicapped people in nursing homes, and even normal patients
in public hospitals; most of them were subjected to these experiments without
their permission. Thus the 'barbaric past' is not really a thing of the past." </p>
<p> "It is remarkable that most of these experiments were carried out in university
<p> "It is remarkable that most of these experiments were carried out in university
institutes and federal hospitals, all of which are named in the report.
Nonetheless, these facts remained secret until 1984, and even then a
Congressional committee that was equipped with all the necessary
@ -218,8 +219,9 @@ often asked how the work on the AIDS virus could have been kept secret. Now,
experiments performed on a few dozen prisoners in a laboratory that is
subject to military security can be far more easily kept secret than could
be the Manhattan Project." </p>
<p> ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: </p>
<p> Black Crawling Systems @ V0iD Information Archives </p>
<p> ( 6 1 7 ) 4 8 2 - 6 3 5 6 </p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<p> ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: </p>
<p> Black Crawling Systems @ V0iD Information Archives </p>
<p> ( 6 1 7 ) 4 8 2 - 6 3 5 6 </p>
<p> </p>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> Info pulled from the Usenet. Air (atmosphere) Railway Systems.</p>
<p>Today and Yesterday
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> Info pulled from the Usenet. Air (atmosphere) Railway Systems.</p>
<p>Today and Yesterday
-------------------------</p>
<p>The ultimate responsibility for this thread :-) belongs to George
<p>The ultimate responsibility for this thread :-) belongs to George
Medhurst (1759-1827), of England. During a period of a few years
about 1810, he invented three distinct forms of air-propelled
transport. None of them was implemented during his lifetime;
but all of them saw use eventually, reaching their greatest extent
in the reverse order of their original invention.</p>
<p>Medhurst's first method involved moving air through a tube a few
<p>Medhurst's first method involved moving air through a tube a few
inches in diameter, pushing a capsule along it; this simple idea
was the pneumatic dispatch tube. Next he realized that if the same
system was built much larger, it could carry passengers (or freight
items larger than letters); it was natural to run the vehicle on
tracks, and so this became known since the vehicle would be large
enough to require tracks, this became known as a pneumatic railway.</p>
<p>But would anyone actually want to ride along mile after mile inside
<p>But would anyone actually want to ride along mile after mile inside
an opaque pipe? Not likely. So he then thought of having only a
piston moving within the pipe, somehow dragging along a vehicle
outside it. He proposed several versions of this idea; in most of
@ -27,12 +28,12 @@ of the system was a longitudinal valve: some sort of flexible flap
running the length of the pipe, which would be held closed by air
pressure except when the piston was actually passing. Medhurst
did try to raise capital to implement this system, but failed.</p>
<p>Now, while the first operable steam locomotive was built about 1804,
<p>Now, while the first operable steam locomotive was built about 1804,
steam-powered trains did not see regular use for passengers for some
25 years after that. It was in the 1830's and 1840's that the steam
railway was shown to be practical in both engineering and financial
senses.</p>
<p>But the same technical developments that made possible the practical
<p>But the same technical developments that made possible the practical
steam railway also made the atmospheric railway, if not certainly
practical, at least worth a try. And it offered the prospect of
considerable advantages. Since the trains wouldn't have to carry
@ -46,12 +47,12 @@ along that section; no need to add extra locomotives. In short,
very much the same advantages that electricity gave a few decades
later. (Plus one more: a derailed train would tend to be kept near
the track by the pipe and piston.)</p>
<p>The success of the 1830's railways gave rise to the Railway Mania
<p>The success of the 1830's railways gave rise to the Railway Mania
of the 1840's, when interest in railway shares reached absurd levels.
In that climate the proposers of atmospheric lines could find the
backing they needed, and four atmospheric lines opened in a period
of about 3 years. In order of opening, these were:</p>
<p> * The Dublin &amp; Kingstown, from Kingstown to Dalkey in Ireland,
<p> * The Dublin &amp; Kingstown, from Kingstown to Dalkey in Ireland,
1.5 miles long; operated 1844-54.
* The London &amp; Croydon, from Croydon to Forest Hill in London,
England, 5 miles, then extended to New Cross for a total
@ -61,31 +62,31 @@ in Paris, France, 1.4 miles long; operated 1847-60.
* The South Devon, from Exeter to Teignmouth in Devonshire,
England, 15 miles, then extended to Newton (now Newton Abbot),
20 miles altogether; operated 1847-48.</p>
<p>I note in passing that while I (as a fan of his) might like Isambard
<p>I note in passing that while I (as a fan of his) might like Isambard
Kingdom Brunel to have invented the atmospheric system used on the
South Devon, it is wrong to say that he did so. He did choose it
and actively promoted it (well, "actively" is redundant with Brunel).
It was actually developed by Samuel Clegg and Joseph and Jacob Samuda.</p>
<p>Both of the longer, if shorter-lived, English lines used atmospheric
<p>Both of the longer, if shorter-lived, English lines used atmospheric
propulsion in both directions of travel, whereas the French and Irish
lines were built on hills and their trains simply returned downhill
by gravity. Since all were single-track lines, the one-way system
simplified the valves needed to let the pistons in and out of the
pipes at their ends (possibly while traveling at speed).</p>
<p>All four lines were converted to ordinary steam railways in the end,
<p>All four lines were converted to ordinary steam railways in the end,
and for the next 130 years the atmospheric system appeared dead.
For one thing, steam locomotive technology had too much of a head
start in development over the atmospheric system; steam railways
might have delays due to engine failure but they never had to shut
down for 6 weeks while a new design of longitudinal valve was
installed along the entire length of the route!</p>
<p>(The valve involved metal and leather parts and a greasy or waxy
<p>(The valve involved metal and leather parts and a greasy or waxy
sealant "composition". Although stories were told about rats
eating the composition, and this probably did happen sometimes,
it wasn't really a serious thing; the biggest problems in fact
were freezing and deterioration of the leather, and corrosion
of the metal parts.)</p>
<p>Also, the atmospheric system was inflexible, in that if the power
<p>Also, the atmospheric system was inflexible, in that if the power
requirements for a section of route were greater than estimated,
very little could be done short of splitting the section and adding
a whole new pumping station. (All the lines used vacuum rather
@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ than positive pressure in the pipes, which limited the pressure
differential to about 0.9 atmosphere in practice; but the valve
designs were marginal anyway and likely wouldn't have stood up
to greater pressures if they could have been used.)</p>
<p>What today might be seen as the most serious disadvantage of all,
<p>What today might be seen as the most serious disadvantage of all,
the requirement for long interruptions of the motive power at
junctions, was not so noticeable in those days. If the train
didn't have enough speed to coast across the gap, well, the
@ -101,11 +102,11 @@ third-class passengers could always get out and push, or maybe
there would be a horse conveniently at hand. At some stations
a small auxiliary pipe was used to advance the train from the
platform to the start of the main pipe.</p>
<p>There were many other proposals in those days for atmospheric
<p>There were many other proposals in those days for atmospheric
lines, but in view of these early failures, none of them were
ever built as atmospheric railways. The next atmospheric railway
to open actually appeared in 1990!</p>
<p>While the atmospheric railways were vanishing, the first
<p>While the atmospheric railways were vanishing, the first
pneumatic dispatch tubes were beginning to appear; I'll get
into that later. But from that start, the pneumatic railway
idea began to return also. At first these were designed for
@ -115,17 +116,17 @@ above ground in Battersea in 1861. This line successfully carried
loads up to 3 tons... and even a few passengers, lying down in
the vehicles in the 30-inch tunnel! The pressure used was up
to 0.025 atmosphere, and speeds up to 40 mph were reached.</p>
<p>The Post Office became interested in the system and had several
<p>The Post Office became interested in the system and had several
tunnels built for it. They were used from 1863 to 1874, though
interrupted for a time by the financial crisis of 1866.</p>
<p>(At this point they decided that the system didn't gain enough time
<p>(At this point they decided that the system didn't gain enough time
to be worth the cost, not to mention the risk of a vehicle becoming
stuck in the tube. In the 1920's, when electricity was available,
they returned a driverless trains system, using tunnels of similar
size to the old pneumatic tubes. This is the Post Office "tube"
Railway, which continues in use to this day. Such systems also
exist in Switzerland, which had it first, and in West Germany.)</p>
<p>Meanwhile, while these lines were moving the mail from the streets
<p>Meanwhile, while these lines were moving the mail from the streets
of London to tunnels underneath, the first underground railways
were doing the same with passenger traffic. The first section of
the Metropolitan Railway (from Farringdon, now Farringdon Street,
@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ to Paddington station) opened in 1863. It was promptly followed
by extensions, as well as competition in the form of the Metropolitan District Railway, a subsidiary that got away. (Their
routes in central London today form the London Underground's
Metropolitan, District, Circle, and Hammersmith &amp; City Lines.)</p>
<p>Now there was no thought of operating the Metropolitan with
<p>Now there was no thought of operating the Metropolitan with
anything but steam locomotives, despite the line being mostly
in tunnel. Sir John Fowler, who later co-designed the Forth Bridge,
did have the idea of a steam locomotive where the heat from the fire
@ -143,16 +144,16 @@ this design, later called Fowler's Ghost, was tried in 1862.
It was thermodynamically absurd: as C. Hamilton Ellis put it,
"the trouble was that her boiler not only refrained from producing
smoke, it produced very little steam either".</p>
<p>In the end both the Met and the District were worked with condensing
<p>In the end both the Met and the District were worked with condensing
steam locomotives: these emitted smoke as usual, but their exhaust
steam, while running in tunnels, was directed back into the water
tanks and condensed. The tanks were drained at the end of the run
and refilled with cold water.</p>
<p>So people were not only willing to travel in what amounted to an
<p>So people were not only willing to travel in what amounted to an
opaque tube after all, but in one filled with smoke at that!
Why not one *without* smoke? And so the pneumatic railway was
now tried; but it never got past the demonstration stage.</p>
<p>The longest line to carry passengers was opened at the Crystal
<p>The longest line to carry passengers was opened at the Crystal
Palace in London in 1864. It used a tunnel about 9 by 10 feet,
1800 feet long. The driving fan was 22 feet across, generating
about 0.01 atmosphere of pressure -- the larger the tube, the
@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ gauge railway car ringed with bristles; it carried 35 passengers.
The trip took 50 seconds, thus averaging about 25 mph. Another,
smaller demonstration line was built at a fair in the US in 1867
by Alfred Ely Beach.</p>
<p>Beach then formed the Beach Pneumatic Transit Company, which
<p>Beach then formed the Beach Pneumatic Transit Company, which
obtained permission to build a freight-carrying pneumatic line
under Broadway in New York. But what he actually opened in 1870
was a passenger-carrying pneumatic subway, the only one to
@ -169,16 +170,16 @@ actually operate under a city street. It was only 312 feet long,
from Warren Street to Murray Street. The tunnel was 9 feet in
diameter, and was worked by a single car with a capacity of
18 passengers.</p>
<p>Beach tried but failed to get permission to extend the line.
<p>Beach tried but failed to get permission to extend the line.
It closed after a few months, and New York did not get a subway
again until 1904, when the first Interborough Rapid Transit route
was opened (from City Hall station along the present Lexington
Avenue, 42nd Street shuttle, and 7th Avenue lines to, um, initially
somewhere around 120th Street). This route was electric and so
have been all its successors.</p>
<p>Beach's tunnel had been almost forgotten when the crews
<p>Beach's tunnel had been almost forgotten when the crews
constructing the new subway broke into it in 1912.</p>
<p>In London, a pneumatic underground line was started *with* permission,
<p>In London, a pneumatic underground line was started *with* permission,
but construction was never completed. This was the Waterloo and
Whitehall Railway, which planned to connect Waterloo station to Great
Scotland Yard, 1/2 mile away, with a 12'9" diameter tunnel passing
@ -187,21 +188,21 @@ Sir Marc Brunel and Isambard Kingdom Brunel -- now now part of
the Underground's East London Line -- had faced massive technical
and financial difficulties before its long-delayed completion only
about 20 years previously, this was no mean undertaking.</p>
<p>The Waterloo &amp; Whitehall was halted by the financial crisis of 1866;
<p>The Waterloo &amp; Whitehall was halted by the financial crisis of 1866;
and it was never revived. The tunnel had been started from the
Great Scotland Yard end, and had just reached the river; work on
the underwater section was beginning. There were other proposals
for passenger-carrying pneumatic lines, but none saw construction
in that form. (At least one, under the Mersey at Liverpool, England,
was eventually opened as an ordinary railway.)</p>
<p>The next type of underground line to open in London was the Tower
<p>The next type of underground line to open in London was the Tower
Subway, which also passed under the Thames. It was a short route,
just under the river, worked by a small cable car. It opened in
1870 and was short-lived. (The tunnel served as a footway for a
while after that, then was taken over for pipes. The Thames Tunnel,
conversely, had been used first as a footway, then converted to
railway use.)</p>
<p>After this time, electric railways began to become practical.
<p>After this time, electric railways began to become practical.
The next underground line to open was the City &amp; South London,
now part of the Underground's Northern Line. Its first section
(from Stockwell to a now disused terminus at King William Street,
@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ been operated electrically. The line was first built with 10'2"
diameter tunnels, forcing use of rather small cars. (The cars
also had only tiny windows, on the grounds that there was nothing
to see -- so they got the nickname of "padded cells".)</p>
<p>All of the later lines in London, opened from 1900 onwards, were
<p>All of the later lines in London, opened from 1900 onwards, were
built on the same general pattern as the C&amp;SL, with deep-level
tubes and electric traction -- first by locomotives and then by
multiple-unit trains. The other tube lines vary from 11'6" to
@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ multiple-unit trains. The other tube lines vary from 11'6" to
to match. This is still rather small compared to most other
subways in the world, and is the reason for the distinctive
shape of the tube trains.</p>
<p>With the success of the electric lines, the Metropolitan and
<p>With the success of the electric lines, the Metropolitan and
District faced the loss of traffic, and they too were converted
to elecricity -- at least for the underground sections in central
London in 1905. The first line of the present New York subway
@ -232,13 +233,13 @@ Hall station along the present Lexington Avenue, 42nd Street shuttle,
and 7th Avenue lines to, um, somewhere around 120th Street). Beach's
tunnel had been almost forgotten when the crews constructing the
new subway broke into it in 1912.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, the humble original concept of the pneumatic dispatch tube
<p>Meanwhile, the humble original concept of the pneumatic dispatch tube
continued to develop. The first of them, 1.5 inches in diameter,
had been built in 1853 by J. Latimer Clark; it connected the
Electrical and [sic] International Telegraph Company's office in
Telegraph Street, London, with their branch 675 feet away at the
Stock Exchange.</p>
<p>The key invention was J. W. Willmott's double sluice valve of 1870,
<p>The key invention was J. W. Willmott's double sluice valve of 1870,
which allowed rapid dispatching of successive capsules. It was also
possible, as had been done on the pneumatic railways, to use both
positive pressure (on the order of 1 atmosphere) and vacuum, to
@ -248,9 +249,9 @@ and North American cities. By 1886 London had over 34 miles of them
for the Post Office's telegraph service alone. In the Paris system
a person could pay a fee for a message to be sent specifically by
the tube.</p>
<p>They were also used within large buildings, and some survive in
<p>They were also used within large buildings, and some survive in
use to this day.</p>
<p>Finally, in 1990, the Brazilian company Sur Coester stunned the
<p>Finally, in 1990, the Brazilian company Sur Coester stunned the
world by opening at a fair in Djakarta, Indonesia, a demonstration
line of their Aeromovel system. This is nothing more nor less
than an elevated atmospheric railway. The structure is concrete,
@ -258,32 +259,33 @@ with steel rails and a rectangular concrete air pipe larger than
those on the 19th century lines. The longitudinal valve is made
of heavy cloth-reinforced rubber. Computerized remote control
is used.</p>
<p>Oh yes.</p>
<p>Pneumatic dispatch tubes were depicted in the 1985 movie "Brazil";
<p>Oh yes.</p>
<p>Pneumatic dispatch tubes were depicted in the 1985 movie "Brazil";
Beach's tunnel was depicted, in rather distorted form, in the 1989
movie "Ghostbusters II"; the modern form of the New York subway
has been depicted in many movies, notably the 1974 one "The Taking
of Pelham One Two Three"; but I don't believe the atmospheric or
pneumatic systems have ever been depicted at work in any movie.
Clearly this needs to be rectified! :-)</p>
<p>References.</p>
<p>Almost all the information in this posting about the pneumatic
<p>References.</p>
<p>Almost all the information in this posting about the pneumatic
and atmospheric systems comes from one book... "Atmospheric
Railways: A Victorian Venture in Silent Speed" by Charles Hadfield,
1967, reprinted 1985 by Alan Sutton Publishing, Gloucester; ISBN
0-86299-204-4.</p>
<p>For other topics, I principally consulted "The Pictorial
<p>For other topics, I principally consulted "The Pictorial
Encyclopedia of Railways", 1976 edition, by (C.) Hamilton Ellis,
Hamlyn Publishing; ISBN 0-600-37585-4; some details came from other
books or my memory.</p>
<p>The information about the Djakarta line comes from two postings in
<p>The information about the Djakarta line comes from two postings in
rec.railroad, one last November by Andrew Waugh quoting the November 24
issue of "New Scientist" magazine, and the recent one by Russell Day
citing "Towards 2000".</p>
<p>--
<p>--
Mark Brader"Great things are not done by those
SoftQuad Inc., Toronto who sit down and count the cost
utzoo!sq!msb, msb@sq.com of every thought and act." -- Daniel Gooch</p>
<p>This article is in the public domain.
<p>This article is in the public domain.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> -Here's the lowdown on "ALTERNATIVE 3" from a TV-movie compendium.
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> -Here's the lowdown on "ALTERNATIVE 3" from a TV-movie compendium.
"ALTERNATIVE 3" (GB 1977; 52m, colour)
Amusing spoof do commentary about the disappearance of various high-IQ
citizens, allegedly to form nucleus of a standby civilization on Mars against
@ -12,63 +13,63 @@ it was orignally scheduled for April 1st (1977). Written by David Ambrose;
directed by Chris Miles; for Anglia. Apparently the TV-movie was spawned by a
book (or assuming the date is accurate, vice versa) of the same name. Written
by Leslie Watkins, it was published by Sphere Books Ltd. in 1978.</p>
<p>ALTERNATIVE 003
<p>ALTERNATIVE 003
by
Leslie Watkins</p>
<p>with
<p>with
David Ambrose &amp; Christopher Miles</p>
<p>Section 1</p>
<p>NO NEWSPAPER has yet secured the truth behind the operation known
<p>Section 1</p>
<p>NO NEWSPAPER has yet secured the truth behind the operation known
as ALTERNATIVE 3. Investigations by journalists have been blocked by
governments on both sides of the Iron Curtain. American and Russia are
ruthlessly obsessed with guarding their shared secret and this obsession, as
we can now prove, has made them partners in murder.</p>
<p>However, despite this intensive security, fragments of information have
<p>However, despite this intensive security, fragments of information have
been made public. Often they are released inadvertently by experts who do
not appreciate their sinister significance and these fragments, in isolation,
mean little. But when jigsawed together they form a definite pattern, a
pattern which appears to emphasize the enormity of this conspiracy of
silence.</p>
<p>On May 3, 1977, the Daily Mirror published this story:</p>
<p>President Jimmy Carter has joined the ranks of UFO spotters. He sent
<p>On May 3, 1977, the Daily Mirror published this story:</p>
<p>President Jimmy Carter has joined the ranks of UFO spotters. He sent
in two written reports stating he had seen a flying saucer when he was the
Governor of Georgia.</p>
<p>The President has shrugged off the incident since then, perhaps fearing
<p>The President has shrugged off the incident since then, perhaps fearing
that electors might be wary of a flying saucer freak.</p>
<p>But he was reported as saying after the "sighting"; "I don't laugh at
<p>But he was reported as saying after the "sighting"; "I don't laugh at
people any more when they say they've seen UFOs because I've seen one
myself."</p>
<p>Carter described his UFO like this: "Luminous, not solid, at first bluish,
<p>Carter described his UFO like this: "Luminous, not solid, at first bluish,
then reddish. It seemed to move towards us from a distance, stopped, then
moved partially away."</p>
<p>Carter filed two reports on the sighting in 1973, one to the
<p>Carter filed two reports on the sighting in 1973, one to the
International UFO Bureau and the other to the National Investigations
Committee on Aerial Phenomena.</p>
<p>Heydon Hewes, who directs the International UFO Bureau from his
<p>Heydon Hewes, who directs the International UFO Bureau from his
home in Oklahoma City, is making speeches praising the President's
"open-mindedness."</p>
<p>But during his presidential campaign last year Carter was cautious. He
<p>But during his presidential campaign last year Carter was cautious. He
admitted he had seen a light in the sky but declined to call it a UFO.</p>
<p>He joked: "I think it was a light beckoning me to run in the California
<p>He joked: "I think it was a light beckoning me to run in the California
primary election."</p>
<p>Why this change in Carter's attitude? Because, by then, he had been
<p>Why this change in Carter's attitude? Because, by then, he had been
briefed on Alternative 3?</p>
<p>A 1966 Gallup Poll showed that five million Americans including several
<p>A 1966 Gallup Poll showed that five million Americans including several
highly experienced airline pilots claimed to have seen Flying Saucers.
Fighter pilot Thomas Mantell has already died while chasing one over
Kentucky his F.51 aircraft having disintegrated in the violent wash of his
quarry's engines.</p>
<p>The U.S. Air Force, reluctantly bowing to mounting pressure, asked Dr.
<p>The U.S. Air Force, reluctantly bowing to mounting pressure, asked Dr.
Edward Uhler Condon, a professor of astrophysics, to head an investigation
team at Colorado University.</p>
<p>Condon's budget was $500000. Shortly before his report appeared in
<p>Condon's budget was $500000. Shortly before his report appeared in
1968, this story appeared in the London Evening Standard:</p>
<p>The Condon study is making headlines, but for all the wrong reasons. It
<p>The Condon study is making headlines, but for all the wrong reasons. It
is losing some of its outstanding members, under circumstances which are
mysterious to say the least. Sinister rumors are circulating. At least four key
people have vanished from the Condon team without offering a satisfactory
reason for their departure.</p>
<p>The complete story behind the strange events in Colorado is hard to
<p>The complete story behind the strange events in Colorado is hard to
decipher. But a clue, at last may be found in the recent statements of Dr.
James McDonald, the senior physicist at the Institute of Atmospheric
Physics at the University of Arizona and widely respected in his field. In a
@ -77,70 +78,70 @@ that he is "most distressed." Condon's 1485-page report denied the
existence of Flying Saucers and a panel of the American National Academy of
Sciences endorsed the conclusion that "further extensive study probably
cannot be justified."</p>
<p>But, curiously, Condon's joint principal investigator, Dr. David Saunders,
<p>But, curiously, Condon's joint principal investigator, Dr. David Saunders,
had not contributed a word to that report. And on January 11, 1969, the
Daily Telegraph quoted Dr. Saunders as saying of the report:</p>
<p>"It is inconceivable that it can be anything but a cold stew. No matter
<p>"It is inconceivable that it can be anything but a cold stew. No matter
how long it is, what it includes, how it is said, or what it recommends, it will
lack the essential element of credibility."</p>
<p>Already there were wide-spread suspicions that the Condon
<p>Already there were wide-spread suspicions that the Condon
investigation had been part of an official coverup, that the government knew
the truth but was determined to keep it from the public. We now know that
those suspicions were accurate. And that the secrecy was all because of
Alternative 3.</p>
<p>Only a few months after Dr. Saunders made his "cold stew" statement a
<p>Only a few months after Dr. Saunders made his "cold stew" statement a
journalist with the Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch embarrassed the National
Aeronautics and Space Agency by photographing a strange craft looking
exactly like a Flying Saucer at the White Sands missile range in New Mexico.</p>
<p>At first no one at NASA would talk about this mysterious circular craft,
<p>At first no one at NASA would talk about this mysterious circular craft,
15 feet in diameter, which had been left in the "missile graveyard" a section
of the range where most experimental vehicles were eventually dumped.</p>
<p>But the Martin Marietta company of Denver, where it was built,
<p>But the Martin Marietta company of Denver, where it was built,
acknowledged designing several models, some with ten and twelve engines.
And a NASA official, faced with this information, said, "Actually the engineers
used to call it 'The Flying Saucer."</p>
<p>That confirmed a statement made by Dr. Garry Henderson, a leading
<p>That confirmed a statement made by Dr. Garry Henderson, a leading
space research scientist: "All our astronauts have seen these objects but have
been ordered not to discuss their findings with anyone."</p>
<p>Otto Binder was a member of the NASA space team. He has stated that
<p>Otto Binder was a member of the NASA space team. He has stated that
NASA "killed" significant segments of conversation between Mission Control
and Apollo 11, the spacecraft which took Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong to
the Moon and that those segments were deleted from the official record:</p>
<p>"Certain sources with their own VHF receiving facilities that by passed
<p>"Certain sources with their own VHF receiving facilities that by passed
NASA broadcast outlets claim there was a portion of Earth-Moon dialogue
that was quickly cut off by the NASA monitoring staff."</p>
<p>Binder added:</p>
<p>"It was presumably when the two moon walkers, Aldrin and Armstrong,
<p>Binder added:</p>
<p>"It was presumably when the two moon walkers, Aldrin and Armstrong,
were making the round some distance from the LEM that Armstrong
clutched Aldrin's arm excitedly and exclaimed 'What was it? What the hell
was it? That's all I want to know.' "</p>
<p>Then, according to Binder, there was this exchange:</p>
<p>MISSION CONTROL: What's there? malfunction(garble).Mission
<p>Then, according to Binder, there was this exchange:</p>
<p>MISSION CONTROL: What's there? malfunction(garble).Mission
Control calling Apollo 11.</p>
<p>APOLLO 11: These babies were huge, sir. enormous, Oh, God you
<p>APOLLO 11: These babies were huge, sir. enormous, Oh, God you
wouldn't believe it!
I'm telling you there are other space-craft out there
lined up on the far side of the crater edge.
They're on the Moon watching us.</p>
<p>NASA, understandably, has never confirmed Binder's story but Buzz
<p>NASA, understandably, has never confirmed Binder's story but Buzz
Aldrin was soon complaining bitterly about the Agency having used him as a
"traveling salesman."</p>
<p>And two years after his Moon mission, following reported bouts of heavy
<p>And two years after his Moon mission, following reported bouts of heavy
drinking, he was admitted to hospital with "emotional depression."</p>
<p>"Traveling salesman", that's an odd choice of words, isn't it? What, in
<p>"Traveling salesman", that's an odd choice of words, isn't it? What, in
Aldrin's view, were the NASA authorities trying to sell? And to whom?
Could it be that they were using him, and others like him, to sell their
official version of the truth to ordinary people right across the world?</p>
<p>Was Aldrin's Moon walk one of those great spectaculars, presented with
<p>Was Aldrin's Moon walk one of those great spectaculars, presented with
maximum publicity, to justify the billions being poured into space research?</p>
<p>Was it part of the American-Russian cover for Alternative 3?</p>
<p>All men who have travelled to the Moon have given indications of
<p>Was it part of the American-Russian cover for Alternative 3?</p>
<p>All men who have travelled to the Moon have given indications of
knowing about Alternative 3 and of the reasons which precipitated it.</p>
<p>In May, 1972, James Irwin, officially the sixth man to walk on the
<p>In May, 1972, James Irwin, officially the sixth man to walk on the
Moon, resigned to become a Baptist missionary. And he said then, "The
flight made me a deeper religious person and more keenly aware of the
fragile nature of our planet."</p>
<p>Edgar Mitchell, who landed on the Moon with the Apollo 14 mission in
<p>Edgar Mitchell, who landed on the Moon with the Apollo 14 mission in
February, 1971, also resigned in May, 1972 to devote himself to
parapsychology. Later, at the headquarters of his Institute for noetic
Sciences near San Francisco, he described looking at this world from the
@ -148,312 +149,312 @@ Moon: "I went into a very deep pathos, a kind of anguish. That incredibly
beautiful planet that was Earth, a place no bigger than my thumb was my
home.. a blue and white jewel against a velvet black sky...was being killed
off."</p>
<p>And on March 23, 1974, he was quoted in the Daily Express as saying
<p>And on March 23, 1974, he was quoted in the Daily Express as saying
that society had only three ways in which to go and that the third was "the
most viable but most difficult alternative."</p>
<p>Another of the Apollo Moon walkers, Bob Grodin, was equally specific
<p>Another of the Apollo Moon walkers, Bob Grodin, was equally specific
when interviewed by a Sceptre Television reporter on June 20, 1977;</p>
<p>"You think they need all that crap down in Florida just to put two guys
<p>"You think they need all that crap down in Florida just to put two guys
up there on a bicycle? The hell they do! You know why they need us?
So they've got a P.R. story for all that hardware they've been firing into
space.
We're nothing, man! Nothing!"</p>
<p>On July 11, 1977, the Los Angeles Times came near to the heart of
<p>On July 11, 1977, the Los Angeles Times came near to the heart of
the matter, nearer than any other newspaper, when it published a
remarkable interview with Dr. Gerard O'Neill.</p>
<p>Dr. O'Neill is a Princeton professor who served, during a 1976
<p>Dr. O'Neill is a Princeton professor who served, during a 1976
sabbatical, as Professor of Aerospace at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and who gets nearly $500000 each year in research grants from
NASA. Here is a section from that article:</p>
<p>The United Nations, he says, has conservatively estimated that the
<p>The United Nations, he says, has conservatively estimated that the
world's population, now more than 4 billion people, will grow to about 6.5
billion by the year 2000. Today, he adds, about 30% of the world's
population is in developed nations. But, because most of the projected
population growth will occur in underdeveloped countries, that will drop to
22% by the end of the century. The world of 2000 will be poorer and
hungrier than the world today, he says.</p>
<p>Dr. O'Neill also explained the problems caused by the earth's 4000 mile
<p>Dr. O'Neill also explained the problems caused by the earth's 4000 mile
atmospheric layer, but presumably because the article was comparatively
short one, he was not quoted on the additional threat posed by the notorious
"greenhouse" syndrome.</p>
<p>His solution? He called it Island 3. And he added: "There's no debate
<p>His solution? He called it Island 3. And he added: "There's no debate
about the technology involved in doing it. That's been confirmed by NASA's
top people."</p>
<p>But Dr. O'Neill, a family man with three children who like to fly
<p>But Dr. O'Neill, a family man with three children who like to fly
sailplanes in his spare time, did not realize that he was slightly off target.
He was right, of course, about the technology.</p>
<p>But he knew nothing of the political ramifications and he would have
<p>But he knew nothing of the political ramifications and he would have
been astounded to learn that NASA was feeding his research to the Russians.</p>
<p>Even eminent political specialists, as respected in their sphere as Dr.
<p>Even eminent political specialists, as respected in their sphere as Dr.
O'Neill is in his own, have been puzzled by an undercurrent they have
detected in East-West relationships.</p>
<p>professor G. Gordon Broadbent, director of the independently financed
<p>professor G. Gordon Broadbent, director of the independently financed
Institute of Political Studies in London and author of a major study of
U.S.-Soviet diplomacy since the 1950s, emphasized that fact on June 20,
1977, when he was interviewed on Sceptre Television:</p>
<p>"On the broader issue of Soviet-U.S. relations, I must admit there is an
<p>"On the broader issue of Soviet-U.S. relations, I must admit there is an
element of mystery which troubles many people in my field."</p>
<p>He added: "What we're suggesting is that, at the very highest levels of
<p>He added: "What we're suggesting is that, at the very highest levels of
East-West diplomacy, there has been operating a factor of which we know
nothing. Now it could just be and I stress the word 'could' that this
unknown factor is some kind of massive but covert operation in space. But
as for the reasons behind it we are not in the business of speculation."</p>
<p>Washington's acute discomfort over O'Neill's revelations through the Los
<p>Washington's acute discomfort over O'Neill's revelations through the Los
Angeles Times can be assessed by the urgency with which a "suppression"
Bill was rushed to the Statute Book.</p>
<p>On July 27, 1977, only sixteen days after publication of the O'Neill
<p>On July 27, 1977, only sixteen days after publication of the O'Neill
interview columnist Jeremy Campbell reported in the London Evening
Standard that the Bill would become law that September. He wrote:</p>
<p>It prohibits the publishing of an official report without permission,
<p>It prohibits the publishing of an official report without permission,
arguing that this obstructs the Government's control of its own information.
That was precisely the charge brought against Daniel Ellsberg for giving the
Pentagon papers to the New York Times.</p>
<p>Most ominous of all, the Bill would make it a crime for any present or
<p>Most ominous of all, the Bill would make it a crime for any present or
former civil servant to tell the Press of Government wrong doing or pass on
any news based on information "submitted to the Government in private."</p>
<p>Campbell pointed out that this final clause "has given serious pain to
<p>Campbell pointed out that this final clause "has given serious pain to
guardians of American Press freedom because it creates a brand new crime."
Particularly as there was provision in the Bill for offending journalists to be
sent to prison for up to six years.</p>
<p>We subsequently discovered that a man called Harman Leonard Harman
<p>We subsequently discovered that a man called Harman Leonard Harman
read that item in the newspaper and that later, in a certain television
executives' dining room, he expressed regret that a similar Law had not been
passed years earlier by the British government.</p>
<p>He was eating treacle tart with custard at the time and he reflected
<p>He was eating treacle tart with custard at the time and he reflected
wistfully that he could then have insisted on such a Law being obeyed. That,
when it came to Alternative 3, would have saved him from a great deal of
trouble.</p>
<p>He had chosen treacle tart, not because he particularly liked it, but
<p>He had chosen treacle tart, not because he particularly liked it, but
because it was 2p(ence) cheaper than the chocolate sponge. That was
typical of Harman.</p>
<p>He was one of the people, as you may have learned already through the
<p>He was one of the people, as you may have learned already through the
Press, who tried to interfere with the publication of this book. We will later
be presenting some of the letters received by us from him and his lawyers
together with the replies from our legal advisers.</p>
<p>We decided to print these letters in order to give you a thorough insight
<p>We decided to print these letters in order to give you a thorough insight
into our investigation for it is important to stress that we, like Professor
Broadbent, are not in the "business of speculation." We are interested only in
the facts.</p>
<p>And it is intriguing to note the pattern of facts relating to astronauts
<p>And it is intriguing to note the pattern of facts relating to astronauts
who have been on Moon missions and who have therefore been exposed to
some of the surprises presented by Alternative 3.</p>
<p>A number, undermined by the strain of being party to such a
<p>A number, undermined by the strain of being party to such a
horrendous secret, suffered nervous or mental collapses. A high percentage
sought sanctuary in excessive drinking or in extramarital affairs which
destroyed what had been secure and successful marriages.</p>
<p>Yet these were men originally picked from many thousands precisely
<p>Yet these were men originally picked from many thousands precisely
because of their stability. Their training and experience, intelligence and
physical fitness all these, of course, were prime considerations in their
selection. But the supremely important quality was their balanced
temperament.</p>
<p>It would need something stupendous, something almost unimaginable
<p>It would need something stupendous, something almost unimaginable
to most people, to flip such men into dramatic personality changes. That
something, we have now established, was Alternative 3 and, perhaps more
particularly, the night marish obscenities involved in the development and
perfection of Alternative 3.</p>
<p>We are not suggesting that the President of the United States has had
<p>We are not suggesting that the President of the United States has had
personal knowledge of the terror and clinical cruelties which have been an
integral part of the Operation, for that would make him directly responsible
for murders and barbarous mutilations.</p>
<p>We are convinced, in fact, that this is not the case. The President and
<p>We are convinced, in fact, that this is not the case. The President and
the Russian leader, together with their immediate subordinates, have been
concerned only with broad sweep of policy.</p>
<p>They have acted in unison to ensure what they consider to be the best
<p>They have acted in unison to ensure what they consider to be the best
possible future for mankind. And the day to day details have been delegated
to high level professionals.</p>
<p>These professionals, we have now established, have been classifying
<p>These professionals, we have now established, have been classifying
people selected for the Alternative 3 operation into two categories: those
who are picked as individuals and those who merely form part of a "batch
consignment."</p>
<p>There have been several "batch consignments" and it is the treatment
<p>There have been several "batch consignments" and it is the treatment
meted out to most of these men and women which provides the greatest
cause for outrage.</p>
<p>No matter how desperate the circumstances may be$and we reluctantly
<p>No matter how desperate the circumstances may be$and we reluctantly
recognize that they are extremely desperate$no humane society could
tolerate what has been done to the innocent and the gullible.</p>
<p>That view, fortunately, was taken by one man who was recruited into
<p>That view, fortunately, was taken by one man who was recruited into
the Alternative 3 team three years ago. He was, at first, highly enthusiastic
and completely dedicated to the Operation. However, he became revolted by
some of the atrocities involved. He did not consider that, even in the
prevailing circumstances, they could be justified.</p>
<p>Three days after the transmission of that sensational television
<p>Three days after the transmission of that sensational television
documentary, his conscience finally goaded him into action. He knew the
appalling risk he was taking, for he was aware of what had happened to
others who had betrayed the secrets of Alternative 3, but he made telephone
contact with television reporter Colin Benson and offered to provide Benson
with evidence of the most astounding nature.</p>
<p>He was calling, he said, from abroad but he was prepared to travel to
<p>He was calling, he said, from abroad but he was prepared to travel to
London. They met two days later. And he then explained to Benson that
copies of most orders and memoranda, together with transcripts prepared
from tapes of Policy Committee meetings, were filed in triplicate in
Washington, Moscow and Geneva where Alternative 3 had its operational
headquarters.</p>
<p>The system had been instituted to ensure there was no
<p>The system had been instituted to ensure there was no
misunderstanding between the principal partners. He occasionally had
access to some of that material although it was often weeks or even months
old before he saw it and he was willing to supply what he could to Benson.
He wanted no money. He merely wanted to alert the public, to help stop the
mass atrocities.</p>
<p>Benson's immediate reaction, after he had assessed the value of this
<p>Benson's immediate reaction, after he had assessed the value of this
offer, was that Sceptre should mount a follow up programme, one which
would expose the horrors of Alternative 3 in far greater depth.</p>
<p>He argued bitterly with his superiors at Sceptre but they were adamant.
<p>He argued bitterly with his superiors at Sceptre but they were adamant.
The company was already in serious trouble with the government and there
was some doubt about whether its licence would be renewed. They refused
to consider the possibility of doing another programme. They had officially
disclaimed the Alternative 3 documentary as a hoax and that was where the
matter had to rest.</p>
<p>Anyway, they pointed out, this character who'd come forward was
<p>Anyway, they pointed out, this character who'd come forward was
probably a nut$ If you saw the documentary, you will probably realize that
Benson is a stubborn man. His friends say he is pig obstinate. They also say
he is a first class investigative journalist.</p>
<p>He was angry about this attempt to suppress the truth and that is why
<p>He was angry about this attempt to suppress the truth and that is why
he agreed to cooperate in the preparation of this book. That cooperation
has been invaluable.</p>
<p>Through Benson we met the telephone caller who we now refer to as
<p>Through Benson we met the telephone caller who we now refer to as
Trojan. And that meeting resulted in our acquiring documents, which we
will be presenting, including transcripts of tapes made at the most secret
rendezvous in the world, thirty five fathoms beneath the ice cap of the
Arctic.</p>
<p>For obvious reasons, we cannot reveal the identity of Trojan. Nor can
<p>For obvious reasons, we cannot reveal the identity of Trojan. Nor can
we give any hint about his function or status in the Operation.</p>
<p>We are completely satisfied, however, that his credentials are authentic
<p>We are completely satisfied, however, that his credentials are authentic
and that, in breaking his oath of silence, he is prompted by the most
honourable of motives.</p>
<p>He stands in relation to the Alternative 3 conspiracy in much the same
<p>He stands in relation to the Alternative 3 conspiracy in much the same
position as the anonymous informant "Deep Throat" occupied in the
Watergate affair. Most of the "batch consignments" have been taken from the
area known as the Bermuda Triangle but numerous other locations have also
been used.</p>
<p>On October 6, 1975, the Daily Telegraph gave prominence to this
<p>On October 6, 1975, the Daily Telegraph gave prominence to this
story: </p>
<p>The disappearance in bizarre circumstances in the past two weeks of
<p>The disappearance in bizarre circumstances in the past two weeks of
20 people from small coastal communities in Oregon was being intensively
investigated at the weekend amid reports of an imaginative fraud scheme
involving a "flying saucer" and hints of mass murder.</p>
<p>Sheriff's officers at Newport, Oregon, said that the 20 individuals had
<p>Sheriff's officers at Newport, Oregon, said that the 20 individuals had
vanished without trace after being told to give away all their possessions,
including their children, so that they could be transported in a flying saucer
"by UFO to a better life."</p>
<p>"Deputies under Mr. Ron Sutton, chief criminal investigator in
<p>"Deputies under Mr. Ron Sutton, chief criminal investigator in
surrounding Lincoln County, have traced the story back to a meeting on
September 14 in a resort hotel, the Bayshore Inn at Waldport, Oregon$
Local police have received conflicting reports as to what occurred (at the
meeting).</p>
<p>But while it is clear that the speaker did not pretend to be from outer
<p>But while it is clear that the speaker did not pretend to be from outer
space, he told the audience how their souls could be "saved through a UFO.</p>
<p>"The hall had been reserved for a fee of $50 by a man and a woman who
<p>"The hall had been reserved for a fee of $50 by a man and a woman who
gave false names. Mr. Sutton said witnesses had described them as "fortyish,
well groomed, straight types."</p>
<p>The Telegraph said that "selected people would be prepared at a special
<p>The Telegraph said that "selected people would be prepared at a special
camp in Colorado for life on another planet" and quoted Investigator Sutton
as adding:</p>
<p>"They were told they would have to give away everything, even their
<p>"They were told they would have to give away everything, even their
children. I'm checking a report of one family who supposedly gave away
150-acre farm and three children."</p>
<p>"We don't know if it's fraud or whether these people might be killed.
<p>"We don't know if it's fraud or whether these people might be killed.
There are all sorts of rumours, including some about human sacrifice and
that this is sponsored by the (Charles) Manson family."</p>
<p>"Most of the missing 20 were described as being "hippie types"
<p>"Most of the missing 20 were described as being "hippie types"
although there were some older people among them."</p>
<p>People of this calibre, we have now discovered, have been what is
<p>People of this calibre, we have now discovered, have been what is
known as "scientifically adjusted" to fit them for a new role as a slave
species.</p>
<p>There have been equally strange reports of animals, particularly farm
<p>There have been equally strange reports of animals, particularly farm
animals, disappearing in large numbers. And occasionally it appears that
aspects of the Alternative 3 operation have been bungled, that attempts to
lift "batch consignments" of humans or of animals have failed.</p>
<p>On July 15, 1977, the Daily Mail under a "Flying Saucer" headline
<p>On July 15, 1977, the Daily Mail under a "Flying Saucer" headline
carried this story:</p>
<p>Men in face masks, using metal detectors and a geiger counter,
<p>Men in face masks, using metal detectors and a geiger counter,
yesterday scoured a remote Dartmoor valley in a bid to solve a macabre
mystery. Their search centred on marshy grassland where 15 wild ponies
were found dead, their bodies mangled and torn.</p>
<p>All appeared to have died at about the same time, and many of the bones
<p>All appeared to have died at about the same time, and many of the bones
have been inexplicably shattered. To add to the riddle, their bodies
decomposed to virtual skeletons within only 48 hours.</p>
<p>Animal experts confess they are baffled by the deaths at Cherry Brook
<p>Animal experts confess they are baffled by the deaths at Cherry Brook
Valley near Postbridge.</p>
<p>Yesterday's search was carried out by members of the Devon
<p>Yesterday's search was carried out by members of the Devon
Unidentified Flying Objects centre at Torquay who are trying to prove a link
with outer space.</p>
<p>They believe that flying saucers may have flown low over the area and
<p>They believe that flying saucers may have flown low over the area and
created a vortex which hurled the ponies to their death. Mr. John Wyse,
head of the four-man team, said:</p>
<p>"If a spacecraft has been in the vicinity, there may still be detectable
<p>"If a spacecraft has been in the vicinity, there may still be detectable
evidence. We wanted to see if there was any sign that the ponies had been
shot but we have found nothing. This incident bears an uncanny
resemblance to similar events reported in America."</p>
<p>The Mail report concluded with a statement from an official
<p>The Mail report concluded with a statement from an official
representing The Dartmoor Livestock Protection Society and the Animal
Defence Society:</p>
<p>"Whatever happened was violent. We are keeping an open mind. I am
<p>"Whatever happened was violent. We are keeping an open mind. I am
fascinated by the UFO theory. There is no reason to reject that possibility
since there is no other rational explanation."</p>
<p>These, then, were typical of the threads, which inspired the original
<p>These, then, were typical of the threads, which inspired the original
television investigation. It needed one person, however, to show how they
could be embroidered into a clear picture.</p>
<p>Without the specialist guidance of that person the Sceptre television
<p>Without the specialist guidance of that person the Sceptre television
documentary could never have been produced, and Trojan would never have
contacted Colin Benson.</p>
<p>And it would have been years, possibly seven years or even longer,
<p>And it would have been years, possibly seven years or even longer,
before ordinary people started to suspect the devastating truth about this
planet on which we live. That person, of course, is the old man$</p>
<p>Section 2</p>
<p>THEY Realize now that they should have killed the old man.</p>
<p>That would have been the logical course to protect the secrecy of
<p>Section 2</p>
<p>THEY Realize now that they should have killed the old man.</p>
<p>That would have been the logical course to protect the secrecy of
Alternative 3. It is curious, really, that they did not agree to his death on
that Thursday in February for, as we have stated, they do use murder.</p>
<p>Of course, it is not called murder, not when it is done jointly by the
<p>Of course, it is not called murder, not when it is done jointly by the
governments of America and Russia. It is an Act of Expediency.</p>
<p>Many Acts of Expediency are believed to have been ordered by the
<p>Many Acts of Expediency are believed to have been ordered by the
sixteen men, official representatives of the pentagon and the Kremlin, who
comprise the Policy Committee.</p>
<p>Grotesque and apparently inexplicable slayings in various parts of the
<p>Grotesque and apparently inexplicable slayings in various parts of the
world in Germany and Japan, Britain and Australia are alleged to have been
sanctioned by them.</p>
<p>We have not been able to substantiate these suspicions and allegations
<p>We have not been able to substantiate these suspicions and allegations
so we merely record that an unknown number of people, including
distinguished radio astronomer Sir William Ballantine, have been executed
because of this astonishing agreement between the super-powers.</p>
<p>Prominent politicians, including two in Britain, were among those who
<p>Prominent politicians, including two in Britain, were among those who
tried to prevent the publication of this book. They insisted that it is not
necessary for you, and others like you, to be told the unpalatable facts.</p>
<p>They argue that the events of the future are now inevitable, that there is
<p>They argue that the events of the future are now inevitable, that there is
nothing to be gained by prematurely unleashing fear.</p>
<p>We concede that they are sincere in their views but we maintain that
<p>We concede that they are sincere in their views but we maintain that
you ought to know. You have a right to know.</p>
<p>Attemps were also made to neuter the television programme which first
<p>Attemps were also made to neuter the television programme which first
focused public attention on Alternative 3. Those attemps were partially
successful. And, of course, after the programme was transmitted, when
there was that spontaneous explosion of anxiety, Septre Television was
forced to issue a formal denial.</p>
<p>It had all been a hoax. That's what they were told to say. That's what
<p>It had all been a hoax. That's what they were told to say. That's what
they did say.</p>
<p>Most people were then only too glad to be reassured. They wanted to
<p>Most people were then only too glad to be reassured. They wanted to
be convinced that the programme had been devised as a joke, that it was
merely an elaborate piece of escapist entertainment. It was more
comfortable that way.</p>
<p>In fact, the television researchers did uncover far more disturbing
<p>In fact, the television researchers did uncover far more disturbing
material than they were allowed to transmit. The censored information is
now in our possession. And, as we have indicated, there was a great deal
that Benson and the rest of the television team did not discover, not until
after their programme had been screened. </p>
<p>Copies of Alternative 3 are rare. There is a source in ENGLAND which
<p>Copies of Alternative 3 are rare. There is a source in ENGLAND which
we do not currently know, however, you may purchase an imported copy for
about $11.00 from Metaphysical Book Store, 9511 E. Colfax, Aurora, CO
80010 (303) 341-7562. Please mention that you got the address from VANGARD
SCIENCES or the KeelyNet Bulletin Board System. Thanks.</p>
<p>Placed in the public domain from the</p>
<p>VANGARD SCIENCES archives on October 28 1989.
<p>Placed in the public domain from the</p>
<p>VANGARD SCIENCES archives on October 28 1989.
Our mailing address is PO BOX 1031, Mesquite, TX 75150.
Voice phone (Jerry 214-324-8741...Ron 214-484-3189
KeelyNet (214) 324-3501</p>
<p>The Truth about Alternative 3
<p>The Truth about Alternative 3
from its author, Leslie Watkins</p>
<p>(This article is taken from the $Windwords$ newsletter)
<p>(This article is taken from the $Windwords$ newsletter)
address not available</p>
<p>In our June issue, we told you about the controversial book Alternative
<p>In our June issue, we told you about the controversial book Alternative
3, by British author Leslie Watkins. In out attempt to find out if the
shocking theories in the book were true, we called Avon Books, the
American publisher; they said the book was out of print in the states. We
@ -462,16 +463,16 @@ NON-FICTION list. A senior editor there told us that it was officially
classified as FICTION BASED ON FACT. The author's agent told us it was
most definitely fiction. We wrote to the author himself to try to get the
real story, and here is the letter he sent us.</p>
<p>Dear Ms. Dittrich:</p>
<p>Thank you for your letter, which reached me today. Naturally, I am
<p>Dear Ms. Dittrich:</p>
<p>Thank you for your letter, which reached me today. Naturally, I am
delighted by your interest in Alternative 3 and by the fact that you plan to
sell it in the Windwords bookstore. I will certainly cooperate in any way I
can.</p>
<p>The correct description of Alternative 3 was given to you by the
<p>The correct description of Alternative 3 was given to you by the
representative from Penguin Books. The book is based on fact, but uses that
fact as a launchpad for a HIGH DIVE INTO FICTION. In answer to your
specific questions:</p>
<p>1) There is no astronaut named Grodin.
<p>1) There is no astronaut named Grodin.
2) There is no Sceptre Television and the reported Benson is also
fictional.
3) There is no Dr. Gerstein.
@ -484,7 +485,7 @@ IMMENSELY for the book, was ACTUALLY A HOAX which had been
scheduled for transmission on April Fools' Day. Because of certain
problems in finding the right network slot, the transmission was
delayed.</p>
<p>The TV program did cause a tremendous uproar because viewers
<p>The TV program did cause a tremendous uproar because viewers
refused to believe it was fiction. I initially took the view that the
basic premise was so way-out, particularly the way I aimed to
present it in the book, that no one would regard it as non-fiction.
@ -493,7 +494,7 @@ the amazing mountains of letters from virtually all parts of the world
including vast numbers from highly intelligent people in positions of
responsibility-convinced me that I had ACCIDENTALLY trespassed
into a range of top-secret truths. </p>
<p>Documentary evidence provided by many of these
<p>Documentary evidence provided by many of these
correspondents decided me to write a serious and COMPLETELY
NON-FICTION sequel. Unfortunately, a chest containing the bulk of
the letters was among the items which were mysteriously LOST IN
@ -504,13 +505,14 @@ reason to suppose that my home telephone was being tapped and my
contacts who were experienced in such matters were convinced
that certain intelligence agencies considered that I probably knew
too much.</p>
<p>So, summing up, the book is FICTION BASED ON FACT. But I now feel
<p>So, summing up, the book is FICTION BASED ON FACT. But I now feel
that I inadvertently got VERY CLOSE TO A SECRET TRUTH. I hope this is of
some help to you and I look forward to hearing from you again.</p>
<p>With best wishes,
<p>With best wishes,
Leslie Watkins</p>
<p>Unfortunately, Alternative 3 is no longer available. We (Windwords)
<p>Unfortunately, Alternative 3 is no longer available. We (Windwords)
bought all the remaining copies from the British publisher and those quickly
sold out. If the book is reprinted, you can be sure we'll let you know and
we'll carry it in the Windwords bookstore.</p>
</div>
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@ -1,28 +1,29 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
Anti-American Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p>From: San Francisco Chronicle, Wed. Dec. 12, 1990 (Briefing Section)
<p>From: San Francisco Chronicle, Wed. Dec. 12, 1990 (Briefing Section)
----</p>
<p>The British Zionists were led by Chaim Weizmann, a brilliant chemist who
<p>The British Zionists were led by Chaim Weizmann, a brilliant chemist who
contributed to the war effort by discovering a new process for manufacturing
acetone, a substance vital for TNT that was until then only produced in
Germany. Weizmann saw a historic opening for Zionism and began to lobby
influential British politicians.</p>
<p>Early in their talks with British politicians, it became clear to them that
<p>Early in their talks with British politicians, it became clear to them that
only a British Palestine would be a reliable buffer for the Suez Canal.
Weizmann therefore assured Britain that in exchange for its support,
Zionists would work for the establishment of a British protectorate there.
This suited Britain better than the agreement it had already made with
France for an international administration for Palestine.</p>
<p>So on November 2, 1917, Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour made his famous
<p>So on November 2, 1917, Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour made his famous
and deeply ambiguous declaration that Britain would "view with favor the
establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people..."
How did the pledge to the Zionists square with what had already been
promised to the Arabs in return for their support in the war against the
Turks? The Arabs realized that they had been outmaneuvered.</p>
<p>Note - As you can see, the main reason our troops are in the Persian Gulf
<p>Note - As you can see, the main reason our troops are in the Persian Gulf
is because of the Zionist hunger for a national home in Palestine.
Palestine was an independent land before 1917. But after the
totally unfair Balfour Declaration, written by British Zionists,
@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ better known media, which are all Zionists. (ie. Ted Koppell,
Larry King, etc etc etc) Many large corporations are also run
by Jews, including many of the large corporations which make
stuff for our military. </p>
<p>Note - The American Anti-Jewish League in no way supports the naked
<p>Note - The American Anti-Jewish League in no way supports the naked
aggression committed by Saddam Hussein against Kuwait. He
must leave Kuwait, even though Kuwait, contrary to popular
opinion, once WAS a PROVINCE of Iraq. There is no doubt about
@ -60,9 +61,9 @@ Please spread the word around, and upload this and other
files to as many BBS's as you can. We must begin to stop
this low-profile takeover of our country, or else it will
be too late to control it. Thank you for your time.</p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p>Have you ever wondered why so many people hate or dislike Jews? From their
<p>Have you ever wondered why so many people hate or dislike Jews? From their
very first existence, they have been hated by people around them and people
who knew them. Why? All through these ages, anti-semitism is still strong.
Why? It is true that some of this hatred is not founded for truly, such as
@ -136,9 +137,9 @@ not superior to us, they are not God's chosen people, and that they
cannot do whatever they want. Please, help us out. Spread these
files around, call your senators and representatives, read more
about this stuff, etc. JEWS MUST BE STOPPED... NOW!</p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
--------------------------- </p>
<p>How would you like it if another peoples, with greater military capability
<p>How would you like it if another peoples, with greater military capability
and more money came to the United States and started to control it. If
they began to put strict restrictions on everything you did, and started
to take away your rights. If they set curfews, so that you couldn't
@ -169,89 +170,89 @@ people. Please, do something about it. Or at least, next time you
hear Jews, Jewish propaganda, or some other Jewish views, question
them, embarass them. Don't believe everything they say. Become
more informed. STOP THEM BEFORE IT'S TOO LATE!</p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p> Disclaimer - Any use of this info for illegal purposes is forbidden
<p> Disclaimer - Any use of this info for illegal purposes is forbidden
and against the law. All of the info in this file is
only for your personal knowledge. If you use any of
this info in the process, the consequences are yours
and yours alone.</p>
<p> Useful Addresses and Phone Numbers
<p> Useful Addresses and Phone Numbers
----------------------------------</p>
<p>1. Consulate General of Israel
<p>1. Consulate General of Israel
220 Bush
San Francisco, CA.</p>
<p> (415) 398-8885</p>
<p> Open M-F 10am to 1pm</p>
<p>2. Adath Israel
<p> (415) 398-8885</p>
<p> Open M-F 10am to 1pm</p>
<p>2. Adath Israel
Rabbi Jacob Traub
1851 Noriega</p>
<p> (415) 564-5665</p>
<p>3. Ahavat Shalom
<p> (415) 564-5665</p>
<p>3. Ahavat Shalom
150 Eureka</p>
<p> (415) 621-1020</p>
<p>4. Congregation Anshey Sfard
<p> (415) 621-1020</p>
<p>4. Congregation Anshey Sfard
1500 Clement
(415) 752-4979</p>
<p>5. Congregation Beth Israel-Judea
<p>5. Congregation Beth Israel-Judea
Rabbi Herbert Morris
625 Brotherhood Way</p>
<p> (415) 586-8833</p>
<p>6. Congregation Beth Sholom
<p> (415) 586-8833</p>
<p>6. Congregation Beth Sholom
Rabbi Alexander Graubart
14th Ave &amp; Clement</p>
<p> (415) 221-8736</p>
<p>7. Congregation B'Nai B'Rit Ha Mashiach
<p> (415) 221-8736</p>
<p>7. Congregation B'Nai B'Rit Ha Mashiach
(415) 992-2079</p>
<p>8. Congregation B'Nai Emunah (Conservative Jews - Give 'em HELL!)
<p>8. Congregation B'Nai Emunah (Conservative Jews - Give 'em HELL!)
Rabbi Theodore R. Alexander
3595 Taraval</p>
<p> (415) 664-7373</p>
<p>9. Congregation B'Nai Israel (also conservative)
<p> (415) 664-7373</p>
<p>9. Congregation B'Nai Israel (also conservative)
Rabbi Malcolm Cohen
1575 Annie</p>
<p> (415) 756-5430</p>
<p>10. Congregation Chevra Thilim
<p> (415) 756-5430</p>
<p>10. Congregation Chevra Thilim
751 25th Ave
(415) 386-9570 </p>
<p>11. Congregation Emanu-El
<p>11. Congregation Emanu-El
199 Arguello Bl.
(415) 751-2535</p>
<p>12. Congregation Keneseth Israel
<p>12. Congregation Keneseth Israel
1255 Post Suite 427
(415) 771-3420</p>
<p>13. Congregation Magain David Sephardim
<p>13. Congregation Magain David Sephardim
351 4th Ave
(415) 752-9095</p>
<p>14. Congregation Ner Tamid
<p>14. Congregation Ner Tamid
1250 Quintara</p>
<p> (415) 661-3383</p>
<p>15. Congregation Sherith Israel
<p> (415) 661-3383</p>
<p>15. Congregation Sherith Israel
2266 California</p>
<p> (415) 346-1720</p>
<p>16. Hillel Foundation
<p> (415) 346-1720</p>
<p>16. Hillel Foundation
33 Banbury Dr.</p>
<p> (415) 333-4922</p>
<p>17. Jewish Educational Center of SF
<p> (415) 333-4922</p>
<p>17. Jewish Educational Center of SF
538 29th Ave</p>
<p> (415) 221-7045</p>
<p>18. United Synagogue of America
<p> (415) 221-7045</p>
<p>18. United Synagogue of America
425 Divisadero
(415) 864-1051</p>
<p>Note - Some 42% of the problems of the US are a direct result of Jews. This
<p>Note - Some 42% of the problems of the US are a direct result of Jews. This
is not some hypothetical figure, it is thouroughly researched fact.
One of the main reasons our troops are in the gulf is Israel. Why?
They run practically all the biggest TV networks, newspapers, radio
stations, higher posts, etc. in the USA. </p>
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
<p> American Anti-Jewish League
---------------------------</p>
<p> UPDATE</p>
<p>So, now that Saddam Hussein has fired Scud missiles into Israel, and the
<p> UPDATE</p>
<p>So, now that Saddam Hussein has fired Scud missiles into Israel, and the
Jews have shown restraint, they immediately expect something from us. Today
they asked for 13 billion more dollars (billion, not million). In addition
to this, they have asked for another $10 billion from other countries.
@ -306,4 +307,5 @@ around as many bulletin boards as possible. Thank you for your
time.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

356
pre-src-xml/aosc_fbi.xml
View File

@ -1,33 +1,34 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>FROM THE ALL OHIO SCANNER CLUB:</p>
<p>SYSTEM PROFILE - The FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION</p>
<p>History</p>
<p>The FBI traces its roots back to the year 1908 when then U.S. Attorney General
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>FROM THE ALL OHIO SCANNER CLUB:</p>
<p>SYSTEM PROFILE - The FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION</p>
<p>History</p>
<p>The FBI traces its roots back to the year 1908 when then U.S. Attorney General
Charles Bonaparte directed that Department of Justice investigations be handled
by a small group of special investigators. The group was formed as the Bureau
of Investigation and, in 1935, the present day name was designated by Congress.</p>
<p>Duties</p>
<p>The primary functions of the FBI and its agents are the investigations of
<p>Duties</p>
<p>The primary functions of the FBI and its agents are the investigations of
violations of certain Federal statutes and the collection of evidence in cases
in which the United States is or may be an interested party. The FBI performs
other duties specifically imposed by law or Presidential directive and conducts
a number of service activities for other law enforcement agencies. The FBI can
investigate a matter only when it has authority to do so under a law passed by
Congress or on instructions of the President or the Attorney General.</p>
<p>The FBI is not a Federal police force, it is a fact-finding organization
<p>The FBI is not a Federal police force, it is a fact-finding organization
investigating violations of Federal laws and its authority is strictly limited
to matters within its jurisdiction. FBI agents may make arrests without a
warrant for any Federal offense committed in their presence, or when they have
reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or
is attempting to commit a felony violation of United States laws. Agents may
also make arrests by warrant.</p>
<p>Agents do not make arrests for "investigation" or "on suspicion". Before
<p>Agents do not make arrests for "investigation" or "on suspicion". Before
arrests are made, if at all possible, the facts of each case are presented tom
the U.S. Attorney who decides whether or not a Federal violation has occurred
and, if so, the U.S. Attorney may authorize agents to file a complaint which
serves as the basis of the arrest warrant.</p>
<p>The FBI has no authority to investigate local crimes which are not within its
<p>The FBI has no authority to investigate local crimes which are not within its
jurisdiction. The FBI will, however, render all possible assistance to the
local police through the FBI Laboratory and Identification Division. The FBI
LID maintains fingerprint files on approximately 70 million (yes, million)
@ -35,14 +36,14 @@ people. The FBI also maintains the National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
which keeps records of missing persons, serialized stolen property, wanted
persons for whom an arrest warrant is outstanding, and criminal histories on
individuals arrested and fingerprinted for serious or significant offenses.</p>
<p>The NCIC is a computerized information system established by the FBI as a
<p>The NCIC is a computerized information system established by the FBI as a
service to all criminal justice agencies: local, state and Federal. The
information can be instantly retrieved over a vast communications network
through the use of telecommunications equipment in criminal justice centers in
various locations in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico. Many times when
monitoring the local or county police/sheriff departments a reference to a NCIC
check is heard.</p>
<p>The FBI is involved in criminal investigations and foreign counterintelligence
<p>The FBI is involved in criminal investigations and foreign counterintelligence
efforts. Most notably criminal investigations are those of bank robberies and
kidnapping cases. The FBI can also investigate criminal activity associated
with interstate transportation of stolen property, and the FBI can investigate
@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ graft and corruption cases of local government under certain circumstances.
Department of Justice offices mat be found on some military installations as
the FBI has jurisdiction when a crime involves Government property, or funds,
or when only civilians are involved.</p>
<p>The FBI's responsibility with respect to foreign counterintelligence, within
<p>The FBI's responsibility with respect to foreign counterintelligence, within
the United States, is to detect, lawfully counteract, and/or prevent espionage
and other clandestine intelligence activities, sabotage, international
terrorist activities, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign
@ -58,105 +59,105 @@ powers, organizations, or persons. The FBI also investigates murders,
kidnappings, and assaults against foreign diplomatic officials while in the
United States, as well as damage to property of foreign governments in the
United States.</p>
<p>Organization</p>
<p>The FBI is an agency within the U.S. Department of Justice, which is lead by
<p>Organization</p>
<p>The FBI is an agency within the U.S. Department of Justice, which is lead by
the U.S. Attorney General. The head of the FBI is the Director who is appointed
by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. Assistant directors
are the next level of command within the FBI. The FBI has ten assistant
directors who are accountable to the Director for all matters within their
sphere of operations.</p>
<p>The FBI has 59 field offices located in major cities throughout the United
<p>The FBI has 59 field offices located in major cities throughout the United
States and in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Each, with the exception of the New York
Office which is headed by an Assistant Director, is under the direct
supervision of a Special Agent In Charge (SAIC). The SAIC is supervised and
receives directions from the FBI headquarters in Washington, D.C.</p>
<p>Each FBI Field Office has Resident Agencies which are local offices in some of
<p>Each FBI Field Office has Resident Agencies which are local offices in some of
the larger cities within the field offices jurisdiction. Refer to the FBI field
office map for the sectioning of the field offices across the United States.
The following list of the field offices and associated data was generated by
data contributed from several readers who wish to remain anonymous and from
this editor.</p>
<p>Location F.O. Telephone No. Call Letters RA's</p>
<p>Albany, NY 12201 1 518 465 7551 KEC 250 - 262 8</p>
<p>Albuquerque, NM 87102 2 505 247 1555 6</p>
<p>Alexandria, VA 3 KFQ 240 - 244 3</p>
<p>Anchorage, AK 99513 4 907 276 4441 2</p>
<p>Atlanta, GA 30303 5 404 521 3900 KIE 300 - 311 8</p>
<p>Baltimore, MD 21207 6 301 265 8080 KGB 747 - 756 9</p>
<p>Birmingham, AL 35203 7 205 252 7705 5</p>
<p>Boston, MA 02203 8 617 742 5533 KCB 800 - 814 12</p>
<p>Buffalo, NY 14202 9 716 856 7800 KEX 590 - 595 3</p>
<p>Butte, MT 59702 10 406 782 2304 13</p>
<p>Charlotte, NC 28217 11 704 529 1030 KEV 220 - 228 8</p>
<p>Chicago, IL 60604 12 312 431 1333 KSC 210 - 217 4</p>
<p>Cincinnati, OH 45202 13 513 421 4310 KQC 390 - 399 8</p>
<p>Cleveland, OH 44199 14 216 522 1400 KEX 740 - 750 9</p>
<p>Columbia, SC 29201 15 803 254 3011 KEX 820 - 830 8</p>
<p>Dallas, TX 75202 16 214 720 2200 8</p>
<p>Denver, CO 80202 17 303 629 7171 7</p>
<p>Detroit, MI 48226 18 313 965 2323 KEX 760 - 772 12</p>
<p>El Paso, TX 79901 19 915 533 7451 1</p>
<p>Honolulu, HI 96850 20 808 521 1411 0</p>
<p>Houston, TX 77008 21 713 868 2266 3</p>
<p>Indianapolis, IN 46204 22 317 639 3301 KEX 780 - 790 9</p>
<p>Jackson, MS 39269 23 601 948 5000 9</p>
<p>Jacksonville, FL 32211 24 904 721 1211 7</p>
<p>Kansas City, MO 64106 25 816 221 6100 KEX 570 - 582 9</p>
<p>Knoxville, TN 37902 26 615 544 0751 KEV 240 - 246 6</p>
<p>Las Vegas, NV 89104 27 702 385 1281 2</p>
<p>Little Rock, AR 72211 28 501 221 9100 KFQ 200 - 208 7</p>
<p>Los Angeles, CA 90024 29 213 477 6565 KMC 250 - 275 25</p>
<p>Louisville, KY 40202 30 502 583 3941 KIA 320 - 332 12</p>
<p>Memphis, TN 38103 31 901 525 7373 6</p>
<p>Miami, FL 33169 32 305 944 9101 KEV 300 - 305 4</p>
<p>Milwaukee, WI 53202 33 414 276 4684 KSC 220 - 228 6</p>
<p>Minneapolis, MN 55401 34 612 339 7861 14</p>
<p>Mobile, AL 36602 35 205 438 3674 5</p>
<p>Newark, NJ 07102 36 201 622 5613 KEX 620 - 628 6</p>
<p>New Haven, CT 06510 37 203 777 6311 KEX 600 - 606 4</p>
<p>New Orleans, LA 70113 38 504 522 4671 6</p>
<p>New York, NY 10278 39 212 553 2700 KEC 270 - 283 ?</p>
<p>Norfolk, VA 23510 40 804 623 3111 KEX 340 - 341 1</p>
<p>Oklahoma City, OK 73118 41 405 842 7471 11</p>
<p>Omaha, NE 68102 42 402 348 1210 9</p>
<p>Philadelphia, PA 19106 43 215 629 0800 KEX 640 - 651 7</p>
<p>Phoenix, AZ 85012 44 602 279 5511 6</p>
<p>Pittsburgh, PA 15222 45 412 471 2000 KEX 660 - 679 12</p>
<p>Portland, OR 97201 46 503 224 4181 KEX 720 - 728 6</p>
<p>Richmond, VA 23220 47 804 644 2631 KEX 360 - 369 6</p>
<p>Sacramento, CA 95825 48 916 481 9110 KFP 900 - 910 6</p>
<p>St Louis, MO 63103 49 314 241 5357 5</p>
<p>Salt Lake City, UT 84138 50 801 355 7521 3</p>
<p>San Antonio, TX 78205 51 512 225 6741 KEX 840 - 847 5</p>
<p>San Diego, CA 92188 52 619 231 1122 KEX 680 - ? 4?</p>
<p>San Francisco, CA 94102 53 415 553 7400 KFP 970 - 990 19</p>
<p>San Juan, PR 00918 54 809 754 6000 0</p>
<p>Savannah, GA 31405 55 912 354 9911 KEV 380 - 389 4</p>
<p>Seattle, WA 98174 56 206 622 0460 KOD 220 - 232 9</p>
<p>Springfield, IL 62704 57 217 522 9675 KEX 800 - 812 10</p>
<p>Tampa, FL 33602 58 813 228 7661 KEV 320 - 327 5</p>
<p>Washington, D.C. 20535 59 202 324 3000 KGB 770 0</p>
<p>The list of Field Offices and RA's is not 100% accurate, updates please. The
<p>Location F.O. Telephone No. Call Letters RA's</p>
<p>Albany, NY 12201 1 518 465 7551 KEC 250 - 262 8</p>
<p>Albuquerque, NM 87102 2 505 247 1555 6</p>
<p>Alexandria, VA 3 KFQ 240 - 244 3</p>
<p>Anchorage, AK 99513 4 907 276 4441 2</p>
<p>Atlanta, GA 30303 5 404 521 3900 KIE 300 - 311 8</p>
<p>Baltimore, MD 21207 6 301 265 8080 KGB 747 - 756 9</p>
<p>Birmingham, AL 35203 7 205 252 7705 5</p>
<p>Boston, MA 02203 8 617 742 5533 KCB 800 - 814 12</p>
<p>Buffalo, NY 14202 9 716 856 7800 KEX 590 - 595 3</p>
<p>Butte, MT 59702 10 406 782 2304 13</p>
<p>Charlotte, NC 28217 11 704 529 1030 KEV 220 - 228 8</p>
<p>Chicago, IL 60604 12 312 431 1333 KSC 210 - 217 4</p>
<p>Cincinnati, OH 45202 13 513 421 4310 KQC 390 - 399 8</p>
<p>Cleveland, OH 44199 14 216 522 1400 KEX 740 - 750 9</p>
<p>Columbia, SC 29201 15 803 254 3011 KEX 820 - 830 8</p>
<p>Dallas, TX 75202 16 214 720 2200 8</p>
<p>Denver, CO 80202 17 303 629 7171 7</p>
<p>Detroit, MI 48226 18 313 965 2323 KEX 760 - 772 12</p>
<p>El Paso, TX 79901 19 915 533 7451 1</p>
<p>Honolulu, HI 96850 20 808 521 1411 0</p>
<p>Houston, TX 77008 21 713 868 2266 3</p>
<p>Indianapolis, IN 46204 22 317 639 3301 KEX 780 - 790 9</p>
<p>Jackson, MS 39269 23 601 948 5000 9</p>
<p>Jacksonville, FL 32211 24 904 721 1211 7</p>
<p>Kansas City, MO 64106 25 816 221 6100 KEX 570 - 582 9</p>
<p>Knoxville, TN 37902 26 615 544 0751 KEV 240 - 246 6</p>
<p>Las Vegas, NV 89104 27 702 385 1281 2</p>
<p>Little Rock, AR 72211 28 501 221 9100 KFQ 200 - 208 7</p>
<p>Los Angeles, CA 90024 29 213 477 6565 KMC 250 - 275 25</p>
<p>Louisville, KY 40202 30 502 583 3941 KIA 320 - 332 12</p>
<p>Memphis, TN 38103 31 901 525 7373 6</p>
<p>Miami, FL 33169 32 305 944 9101 KEV 300 - 305 4</p>
<p>Milwaukee, WI 53202 33 414 276 4684 KSC 220 - 228 6</p>
<p>Minneapolis, MN 55401 34 612 339 7861 14</p>
<p>Mobile, AL 36602 35 205 438 3674 5</p>
<p>Newark, NJ 07102 36 201 622 5613 KEX 620 - 628 6</p>
<p>New Haven, CT 06510 37 203 777 6311 KEX 600 - 606 4</p>
<p>New Orleans, LA 70113 38 504 522 4671 6</p>
<p>New York, NY 10278 39 212 553 2700 KEC 270 - 283 ?</p>
<p>Norfolk, VA 23510 40 804 623 3111 KEX 340 - 341 1</p>
<p>Oklahoma City, OK 73118 41 405 842 7471 11</p>
<p>Omaha, NE 68102 42 402 348 1210 9</p>
<p>Philadelphia, PA 19106 43 215 629 0800 KEX 640 - 651 7</p>
<p>Phoenix, AZ 85012 44 602 279 5511 6</p>
<p>Pittsburgh, PA 15222 45 412 471 2000 KEX 660 - 679 12</p>
<p>Portland, OR 97201 46 503 224 4181 KEX 720 - 728 6</p>
<p>Richmond, VA 23220 47 804 644 2631 KEX 360 - 369 6</p>
<p>Sacramento, CA 95825 48 916 481 9110 KFP 900 - 910 6</p>
<p>St Louis, MO 63103 49 314 241 5357 5</p>
<p>Salt Lake City, UT 84138 50 801 355 7521 3</p>
<p>San Antonio, TX 78205 51 512 225 6741 KEX 840 - 847 5</p>
<p>San Diego, CA 92188 52 619 231 1122 KEX 680 - ? 4?</p>
<p>San Francisco, CA 94102 53 415 553 7400 KFP 970 - 990 19</p>
<p>San Juan, PR 00918 54 809 754 6000 0</p>
<p>Savannah, GA 31405 55 912 354 9911 KEV 380 - 389 4</p>
<p>Seattle, WA 98174 56 206 622 0460 KOD 220 - 232 9</p>
<p>Springfield, IL 62704 57 217 522 9675 KEX 800 - 812 10</p>
<p>Tampa, FL 33602 58 813 228 7661 KEV 320 - 327 5</p>
<p>Washington, D.C. 20535 59 202 324 3000 KGB 770 0</p>
<p>The list of Field Offices and RA's is not 100% accurate, updates please. The
number of RA's may differ from the call letter assignment block for a given
F.O. because many RA's were closed and consolidated during the Carter and early
Regan administrations. The call letters were assigned prior to their
administrations.</p>
<p>The F.O. call letters will be the first is an assigned block for a given F.O.
<p>The F.O. call letters will be the first is an assigned block for a given F.O.
Example Cincinnati F.O. call is KQC 390 (or simply 390 as often will be heard)
or Cleveland F.O. call is KEX 740 (740).</p>
<p>The following is a list of Resident Agencies for the primary coverage states of
<p>The following is a list of Resident Agencies for the primary coverage states of
the AOSC. The list is as of 1 October 1987. I will send a copy of the FBI Field
Office and Resident Agency map for a SASE to those who desire a copy. A list of
RA's may be obtained from the map for your local area. The map will be a copy
of a copy, however it will be fairly legible. Note the two Ohio Field Office
lists are presented later in this column with the detailed Ohio data.</p>
<p>Chicago "CG" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Lisle (Chicago West)
<p>Chicago "CG" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Lisle (Chicago West)
Mount Prospect (Chicago North)
Oakland Park (Chicago South)
Rockford</p>
<p>Frequency Plan:</p>
<p> A-1 167.3375 B-1 167.600
<p>Frequency Plan:</p>
<p> A-1 167.3375 B-1 167.600
A-2 167.4875 B-2 167.675
A-3 167.425 B-3 167.7375
A-4 167.5625 B-4 167.5625
@ -164,21 +165,21 @@ A-5 163.9875/167.3375 B-5 162.8625/167.600
A-6 Unconfirmed B-6 Unconfirmed
A-7 163.8625/167.5375 B-7 163.8625/167.5375
A-8 163.8375/167.2875 B-8 163.8375/167.2875</p>
<p>Chicago F.O. utilizes 8 banks, A through H. Channel banks C through H are not
<p>Chicago F.O. utilizes 8 banks, A through H. Channel banks C through H are not
confirmed to exact frequencies and usage. There are one way links in the upper
162, lower 164 and upper 165 MHz ranges. The one way links are often a control
station to a repeater site utilizing a directional antenna. The one way links
may also be a point-to-point relay of communications from an outer fringe RA to
the F.O.</p>
<p>Chicago appears to configured similarly as several other F.O.'s in that up to
<p>Chicago appears to configured similarly as several other F.O.'s in that up to
five other VHF frequencies can be active with 163.9875 simultaneously with the
same radio traffic. Chicago F.O. also still uses some remote VHF receive/UHF
retransmit link sites, but most are believed to be converted to microwave
links.</p>
<p>Also 167.7625 which Randy Strayer and this editor received via skip between KSC
<p>Also 167.7625 which Randy Strayer and this editor received via skip between KSC
210 and KSC 216. Channel identified as Bravo 1.</p>
<p>Detroit "DE" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Ann Arbor
<p>Detroit "DE" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Flint KEX 762
Grand Rapids
@ -190,12 +191,12 @@ Mount Clemens
Oakland County
Saginaw
Traverse City KEX 772</p>
<p>Frequencies per MFFD (1986) and others: 163.925/267.2625 R.A. repeater;
<p>Frequencies per MFFD (1986) and others: 163.925/267.2625 R.A. repeater;
163.8875/167.750 F.O. repeater; 163.8625/167.5375R; 167.3125; 167.3625;
167.400; 167.450; 167.500; 167.650; 414.500 is a state-wide UHF link to Detroit
F.O. and 419.250 is believed to a FBI UHF link, continuous tone.</p>
<p>Indianapolis "IP" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Bloomington
<p>Indianapolis "IP" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Bloomington
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary
@ -204,9 +205,9 @@ Muncie
New Albany KEX 786
South Bend
Terre Haute</p>
<p>Frequencies from the MFFD: 163.9625/167.2125 R.A. repeater and 167.600.</p>
<p>Louisville "LS" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Ashland
<p>Frequencies from the MFFD: 163.9625/167.2125 R.A. repeater and 167.600.</p>
<p>Louisville "LS" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Ashland
Bowling Green
Covington
Elizabethtown
@ -216,20 +217,20 @@ Lexington KIA 321
London
Paducah
Pikeville</p>
<p>Frequencies from the MFFD: 163.9375/167.675 R.A. repeater and 167.600.</p>
<p>Philadelphia Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Allentown KEX 645
<p>Frequencies from the MFFD: 163.9375/167.675 R.A. repeater and 167.600.</p>
<p>Philadelphia Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Allentown KEX 645
Harrisburg KEX 641
Landsdale KEX 648
Newtown Square KEX 650
Scranton KEX 643
State College KEX 652
Williamsport KEX 651</p>
<p>Frequencies: 163.9875/167.325R CH 1; 167.7125 CH 2; 167.500 CH 3; 167.5625 CH
<p>Frequencies: 163.9875/167.325R CH 1; 167.7125 CH 2; 167.500 CH 3; 167.5625 CH
4; 167.525 CH 5; 163.9625 ECC-1; 163.8375/167.3875R; 163.9375R; 167.2625;
167.300; 167.325; 167.3375; and 419.325 data/tone.</p>
<p>Pittsburgh "PG" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Beckley (WV)
<p>Pittsburgh "PG" Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Beckley (WV)
Charleston (WV)
Clarksburg (WV)
Erie
@ -241,11 +242,11 @@ New Castle
Parkersburg (WV)
Washington
Wheeling (WV)</p>
<p>Frequencies per MFFD (1986, no updates since then): 163.925/167.475R R.A.
<p>Frequencies per MFFD (1986, no updates since then): 163.925/167.475R R.A.
repeater; 163.950/167.2125 F.O. repeater; 167.6375 and UHF links on 414.025,
414.125, 414.425 and 419.425.</p>
<p>Springfield (IL) Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Alton
<p>Springfield (IL) Field Office - RA's</p>
<p> Alton
Belleville
Bloomington
Carbondale
@ -255,90 +256,90 @@ Decatur
Effingham
Peoria
Rock Island</p>
<p>Frequencies per the MFFD: 163.9125/167.725 R.A. repeater; 167.3625 and 167.625.</p>
<p>Now some miscellaneous data from the files on frequencies and call letters. The
<p>Frequencies per the MFFD: 163.9125/167.725 R.A. repeater; 167.3625 and 167.625.</p>
<p>Now some miscellaneous data from the files on frequencies and call letters. The
following list of call signs are for NY and NJ state and are from a list dated
in 1981, so be fore told.</p>
<p>Albany F.O.: KEC 250; KEC 254 Watertown; KEC 256 Syracuse; KEC 257 Utica; KEC
<p>Albany F.O.: KEC 250; KEC 254 Watertown; KEC 256 Syracuse; KEC 257 Utica; KEC
258 Burlington (VT); KEC 259 Plattsburgh; and KEC 261 Glens Falls.</p>
<p>Buffalo F.O.: KEX 590; KEX 591 Rochester; KEX 592 Geneva; KEX 593 Jamestown;
<p>Buffalo F.O.: KEX 590; KEX 591 Rochester; KEX 592 Geneva; KEX 593 Jamestown;
and KEX 595 Niagara Falls.</p>
<p>Newark F.O.: KEX 620; Camden KEX 624</p>
<p>NYC F.O.: KEC 270/271; KEC 272 Suffolk; KEC 273 Garden City (NJ); KEC 277 JFK
<p>Newark F.O.: KEX 620; Camden KEX 624</p>
<p>NYC F.O.: KEC 270/271; KEC 272 Suffolk; KEC 273 Garden City (NJ); KEC 277 JFK
Airport; KEC 278 Poughkeepsie, NY; KEC 280 Staten Island; KEC 281 Richmond
Hills; and KEC 283 New Rochelle. From a 1988 list I have a KEC 900 for NYC as
well as KEC 270.</p>
<p>Now some frequencies from the input basket contributed by AOSC or NESN (North
<p>Now some frequencies from the input basket contributed by AOSC or NESN (North
East Scanner News - more data at the end of this column) members during 1989 or
1990.</p>
<p>Boston F.O.: Romeo Units (R.A.'s) - 162.7625, 162.7875, 167.2625, 167.3625,
<p>Boston F.O.: Romeo Units (R.A.'s) - 162.7625, 162.7875, 167.2625, 167.3625,
167.5625, 167.600, 167.6625 and 167.7625. Delta Units - 167.2625, 167.3625,
167.4625, 167.600, 167.6625 and 167.7625. Rhode Island - 167.2375, 167.2625,
167.4625, 167.7125 and 167.7625. New Hampshire - 163.9875/167.3625R, also
167.2375 and 167.6125.</p>
<p>Still with Boston from NESN: 163.8375, 163.8875, 163.900 and 163.925/164.125,
<p>Still with Boston from NESN: 163.8375, 163.8875, 163.900 and 163.925/164.125,
163.975/167.275 repeaters. Also 164.150, 167.250, 167.325, 167.425, 167.450,
167.500, 167.6375, and 167.750.</p>
<p>CT/NY FBI - 163.750 NY; 163.8625 CH 6 CT; 163.8875 CT; 164.125 Long Island;
<p>CT/NY FBI - 163.750 NY; 163.8625 CH 6 CT; 163.8875 CT; 164.125 Long Island;
164.150 NY; 167.2375 CT; 167.2625 NY; 167.2875 NY?; 167.3375 Long Island;
167.3875 NY; 167.425 CT primary; 167.4375 CT; 167.4625 NY; 167.5375 CT (note
input to 163.8625 CH 6); 167.5625; 167.600 NY; 167.6875 NY; 167.775 Long
Island; 167.7875 CT; 413.625 NY; 414.075 CT; 414.350 NY "Bronco Base" and
419.350 CT tone. Also note from the previous American Scannergram
169.975/168.850 as a new NYC repeater.</p>
<p>Also several with "?" as follows: 165.925 NY; 167.175 NY; 169.575 NY, possible
<p>Also several with "?" as follows: 165.925 NY; 167.175 NY; 169.575 NY, possible
FBI/DEA; and 419.250 NY. One other interesting frequency - 170.825 as a U.S.
Marshal/INS/FBI NY "tie-in" frequency.</p>
<p>Charlotte F.O.: 163.9125/? A-1 Greensboro (R.A. repeater)
<p>Charlotte F.O.: 163.9125/? A-1 Greensboro (R.A. repeater)
163.9625/?R, 167.750 and 167.7125.</p>
<p>Knoxville F.O.: A-1 163.9875R Knoxville F.O., also A-5 (probably different
<p>Knoxville F.O.: A-1 163.9875R Knoxville F.O., also A-5 (probably different
input frequency and/or tone).
A-4 163.8375/167.2375 Chattanooga R.A.
B-5 163.8375/167.400 R.A. repeater, also C-1
C-5 163.8375R R.A. repeater
Johnson City base call is KEV-243
Knoxville Unit Numbers: 99 - Aircraft; mobile units 1 - 69.</p>
<p>Los Angeles F.O.: An excellent complete and detailed listing is available from
<p>Los Angeles F.O.: An excellent complete and detailed listing is available from
Mobile Radio Resources (2661 Carol Drive, San Jose, CA 95125). The FBI in LA
utilizes repeater channels in the 162, 163, 164, and 165 MHZ frequency range.
Inputs can be found in the 167 MHz frequencies. The 165 repeater frequencies
are 167.5875 and 165.7125.</p>
<p>Memphis F.O.: R.A. repeater - 163.9375; F.O. repeater 163.8625</p>
<p>Norfolk F.O.: 163.8375/167.600 F1; 167.2375 F2; 167.4875 F3; and 167.5625 F4.</p>
<p>Richmond F.O.: 163.8875/167.625 Operations Repeater; 167.5625 (note -
<p>Memphis F.O.: R.A. repeater - 163.9375; F.O. repeater 163.8625</p>
<p>Norfolk F.O.: 163.8375/167.600 F1; 167.2375 F2; 167.4875 F3; and 167.5625 F4.</p>
<p>Richmond F.O.: 163.8875/167.625 Operations Repeater; 167.5625 (note -
nationwide FBI simplex common); 163.8625/167.5375 (note - this is the only
repeater frequency pair that is common nationwide, usually used for SWAT or
special operations - ed.); 414.250 and 419.525 as UHF links.</p>
<p>San Diego F.O. sampling via Mobile Radio Resources Government Radio Systems
<p>San Diego F.O. sampling via Mobile Radio Resources Government Radio Systems
directory: Repeaters in the 162, 163, 164 and 165 MHz ranges with the input in
the 167 MHz range. The 165 repeater is on 167.5625 MHz.</p>
<p>San Francisco F.O. sampling via MRS GRS directory: Repeaters in the 163 and 167
<p>San Francisco F.O. sampling via MRS GRS directory: Repeaters in the 163 and 167
MHz frequency ranges with inputs in the 167 and 162 MHz ranges respectively.</p>
<p>Tampa-St. Petersburg from Blaine Brooks: A-2: 167.725; A-3 167.325; A-5
<p>Tampa-St. Petersburg from Blaine Brooks: A-2: 167.725; A-3 167.325; A-5
167.3875; A-6 167.275; repeater on 163.9875 and 419.250 UHF satellite receiver
link.</p>
<p>CINCINNATI FIELD OFFICE OPERATIONS</p>
<p>The Cincinnati Field Office originally had nine Resident Agencies which were
<p>CINCINNATI FIELD OFFICE OPERATIONS</p>
<p>The Cincinnati Field Office originally had nine Resident Agencies which were
located in Athens, Chillicothe, Columbus, Dayton, Hamilton, Portsmouth,
Springfield, Steubenville and Zanesville. The Springfield office is closed and
I am not sure about the Zanesville R.A.</p>
<p>The CI F.O. and R.A.'s radio communication systems are DES (Digital Encryption
<p>The CI F.O. and R.A.'s radio communication systems are DES (Digital Encryption
Standard) capable and are utilized on a regular basis. CI appears to have a 32
channel DES system in place as testing was monitored during 1988 and 1989. Most
of their frequencies remained the same from the previous DES days. Note that
the CI radios are VHF/UHF mobiles. Refer to the B channel series in the
frequency list.</p>
<p>The signal numbers do not appear to be squad base (logically grouping by
<p>The signal numbers do not appear to be squad base (logically grouping by
general agent function such as bank robbery squad or drug enforcement, or by
R.A.'s), but rather a numeric numbering scheme starting with 1 and into the low
100's.</p>
<p>The CI F.O./R.A. operations still need some work from our southern Ohio members
<p>The CI F.O./R.A. operations still need some work from our southern Ohio members
as allot of holes and gaps remain. The following profile on CI was mainly made
possible by the efforts of Bill Gillie, Tony Cono, Rick Poorman, another member
who desires to named Mr. Anonymous, and this editor.</p>
<p>NOTE: ALL OHIO data is confirmed unless noted otherwise.</p>
<p>CI Call Letter Assignments</p>
<p> KQC 390 Cincinnati
<p>NOTE: ALL OHIO data is confirmed unless noted otherwise.</p>
<p>CI Call Letter Assignments</p>
<p> KQC 390 Cincinnati
KQC 391 Dayton
KQC 392 Columbus
KQC 393 Chillicothe
@ -348,30 +349,30 @@ KQC 396 Hamilton
KQC 397 Portsmouth
KQC 398 Stubenville
KQC 399 Zanesville</p>
<p>CI Frequency Assignments</p>
<p> 167.650 A-1 Operations simplex R.A.'s
<p>CI Frequency Assignments</p>
<p> 167.650 A-1 Operations simplex R.A.'s
167.2375 A-2 " " F.O.
167.4375 A-3 " " division wide
167.5625 A-4 Nationwide common simplex
163.9875/167.650 A-5 Operations Repeater R.A.'s
163.8625/167.5375 A-6 SWAT Repeater
163.8375/167.2375 A-7 Operations Repeater F.O.</p>
<p>The B channels are local option assigned meaning that each office will have a
<p>The B channels are local option assigned meaning that each office will have a
different set of frequencies. The CI F.O. has Cincinnati PD CH 5, 460.275R,
(B-1); Hamilton County Sheriff, 460.500R, (B-2); and several DEA frequencies.</p>
<p> ??? D-6 and D-8 channel designators heard, but not confirmed.</p>
<p> 163.9875/167.650 ECC-1 (Extended Car-to-Car) repeater R.A.'s
<p> ??? D-6 and D-8 channel designators heard, but not confirmed.</p>
<p> 163.9875/167.650 ECC-1 (Extended Car-to-Car) repeater R.A.'s
163.8375/167.2375 ECC-2 repeater F.O.
163.8625/167.5375 ECC-3 SWAT/Special Operations nationwide repeater
164.100/? ? Repeater heard with CI units</p>
<p> 167.325, 167.600, 167.625, 167.6625, 167.6875 and 167.725: Simplex
<p> 167.325, 167.600, 167.625, 167.6625, 167.6875 and 167.725: Simplex
operations.</p>
<p> 412.575 - Xenia, Greene County UHF Repeater link
<p> 412.575 - Xenia, Greene County UHF Repeater link
419.300 - New Vienna, Highland County UHF Repeater link
419.500 - Macon, Brown County UHF Repeater link</p>
<p> 168.000 - possibly a VHF one-way link.</p>
<p>CI Signal Numbering</p>
<p> 390 Signals: 1, 2, 3, 20, 22, 24, 53, 71, 72, 77, 90, 106, 133, 141 and
<p> 168.000 - possibly a VHF one-way link.</p>
<p>CI Signal Numbering</p>
<p> 390 Signals: 1, 2, 3, 20, 22, 24, 53, 71, 72, 77, 90, 106, 133, 141 and
148.
391 Signals: 11 (SAIC), 18, 26, 29, 33, 43, 45, 49, 51, 52, 61, 64, 72,
75, 78, 91, 112, 137, 158 and 159.
@ -381,25 +382,25 @@ operations.</p>
393 Signals: 71
397 Signals: 27 (SAIC)
398 Signals: 95 and 96.</p>
<p> Sometimes units may only use their last two digits, such as 14 or 17
<p> Sometimes units may only use their last two digits, such as 14 or 17
instead of 114 or 117. Unit 90 usually in a helicopter or may be a helicopter.
Unit The MFFD has units in the 200's as surveillance vans/vehicles and units
in the 400's as surveillance air vehicles. Also we have report that unit 500 is
a surveillance aircraft.</p>
<p>CLEVELAND FIELD OFFICE OPERATIONS</p>
<p>The Cleveland Field Office originally had 10 Resident Agencies located in
<p>CLEVELAND FIELD OFFICE OPERATIONS</p>
<p>The Cleveland Field Office originally had 10 Resident Agencies located in
Akron, Canton, Elyria, Lima, Mansfield, Mentor, Painesville, Sandusky, Toledo
and Youngstown. The Mentor R.A. currently is the only R.A. out of service in
the CV division.</p>
<p>The CV F.O. And R.A.'s radio communication system is DES capable and utilized
<p>The CV F.O. And R.A.'s radio communication system is DES capable and utilized
quite often in the DES mode. The CV F.O. has been in DES since the mid-eighties
on a limited basis and a full system since early 1989. The CV system appears to
be a 64 channel system which was implemented during the latter part of 1989.</p>
<p>The CV division utilizes a squad numbering scheme for assignment of signal
<p>The CV division utilizes a squad numbering scheme for assignment of signal
numbers. There are still a few holes in the numbering, but for the most part it
is complete.</p>
<p>CV Call Letter Assignment</p>
<p> KEX 740 Cleveland
<p>CV Call Letter Assignment</p>
<p> KEX 740 Cleveland
KEX 741 Akron
KEX 742 Toledo
KEX 743 Youngstown
@ -410,8 +411,8 @@ KEX 747 Lima
KEX 748 Mansfield
KEX 749 Canton
KEX 750 Sandusky</p>
<p>CV Frequency Assignments</p>
<p> 167.675 A-1 Operations Simplex F.O.
<p>CV Frequency Assignments</p>
<p> 167.675 A-1 Operations Simplex F.O.
167.4125/167.7375 A-2 S.O.G. Repeater (Special Operations Group)
167.7875 A-3 S.O.G. Simplex; Operations Simplex
167.5625 A-4 Nationwide Common
@ -419,23 +420,23 @@ KEX 750 Sandusky</p>
163.9125/167.675 A-6 Operations Repeater
163.8625/167.5375 A-7 (?) SWAT Repeater
154.935 A-8 Ohio LEERN</p>
<p> 167.425 B-1 R.A. Simplex
<p> 167.425 B-1 R.A. Simplex
167.5625 B-4 Simplex
163.875/167.425 B-5 R.A. Operations Repeater
155.370 B-6 Ohio Intercity</p>
<p> 167.3375/162.7375 C-2 Canton Operations Repeater
<p> 167.3375/162.7375 C-2 Canton Operations Repeater
167.3375/? C-3 " " "
167.3875/? C-4 Mansfield " "
167.7875/167.7375 C-7 CV Repeater</p>
<p> 167.425 D-1 R.A. Simplex
<p> 167.425 D-1 R.A. Simplex
163.875/167.425 D-4 R.A. Repeater
??? D-7 Akron simplex, not confirmed</p>
<p> 167.7625 G-1 Akron Operations Simplex
<p> 167.7625 G-1 Akron Operations Simplex
167.7625/162.7625 G-2 Akron R.A. Operations Repeater
167.3625 G-3 Painesville Simplex (?)</p>
<p> The F bank is believed to be local option. No E or H bank references.</p>
<p>Confirmed frequency list:</p>
<p> 162.7375 Canton B/M input to 167.3375 repeater
<p> The F bank is believed to be local option. No E or H bank references.</p>
<p>Confirmed frequency list:</p>
<p> 162.7375 Canton B/M input to 167.3375 repeater
162.7625 Akron " " to 167.7625 "
163.8625/167.5375 CV SWAT Repeater
163.875/167.425 R.A. Repeater
@ -461,12 +462,12 @@ KEX 750 Sandusky</p>
167.7375 CV Simplex AND CV Repeater
167.7625/162.7625 Akron R.A. repeater
167.7875 CV Simplex and CV Repeater</p>
<p>That is 22 unique confirmed frequencies and there are probably more out there
<p>That is 22 unique confirmed frequencies and there are probably more out there
in CV. Also try 168.000 as it may be a VHF fixed one-way link.</p>
<p>Several frequencies come active with the same traffic at times, namely
<p>Several frequencies come active with the same traffic at times, namely
167.4125, 167.7375 and 167.7875, and at times 164.100 also!</p>
<p>CV Signal Numbering</p>
<p> 1-99 Administration
<p>CV Signal Numbering</p>
<p> 1-99 Administration
100 - 199 Exact function(s) not confirmed
200 - 299 Gambling Squad
300 - 399 Bank Robbery Squad; Kidnapping Squad; Extortion Cases
@ -490,28 +491,28 @@ Toledo - 1100 - 1119, 1130
1300 - 1399 Radio Technicians and Vehicle Maintenance
Radio Techs - 1302, 1303, 1304, 1307 and 1319
Vehicle Maintenance - 1300, 1301, 1305, 1306 and 1318.</p>
<p>FBI COMMON FREQUENCY RANGES</p>
<p>I suggest searching the following frequency ranges for FBI radio activity. Note
<p>FBI COMMON FREQUENCY RANGES</p>
<p>I suggest searching the following frequency ranges for FBI radio activity. Note
that in many areas across the U.S. the FBI have picked up many traditional
non-FBI frequencies. Originally the Department of Justice had only 82 VHf
frequencies assigned for ALL of its members, let alone just the FBI. The FBI
originally had less than 40 of the 82 frequencies for their exclusive use.</p>
<p>During the change over to DES nationwide, the FBI has received additional
<p>During the change over to DES nationwide, the FBI has received additional
frequencies from other branches and departments who did not utilize or need
them. In the NE region the FBI received 110 VHF frequencies - almost 300%
increase in the number of frequencies available. The early days saw the FBI in
the 163 MHz range for repeaters and the 167 MHz range for simplex operations.</p>
<p>Limit your search to 500 KHz at a time, certainly no more than a 1 MHz. The
<p>Limit your search to 500 KHz at a time, certainly no more than a 1 MHz. The
following are common ranges reported nationwide:</p>
<p> 162.6125 - 162.7875 Repeater Inputs; Outputs; 12.5KHz steps
<p> 162.6125 - 162.7875 Repeater Inputs; Outputs; 12.5KHz steps
163.825 - 163.9875 Repeater Outputs; 12.5KHz steps
164.000 - 164.500 Repeater Outputs; 25KHz steps
165.5125 - 165.900 Repeater Outputs; 12.5KHz steps
167.100 - 167.7875 Repeater Inputs; Outputs; Simplex; 12.5KHz steps
168.825 - 169.000 Repeater Inputs; 25KHz steps
169.825 - 169.975 Repeater Outputs; 25KHz steps</p>
<p>FBI COMMON TEN CODES</p>
<p> 10-0 Negative 10-29 O.L. Check
<p>FBI COMMON TEN CODES</p>
<p> 10-0 Negative 10-29 O.L. Check
10-4 Affirmative 10-42 Residence
10-7 Out-of-Service 10-58 Mileage
10-8 In-Service 10-66 Alarm (?)
@ -523,8 +524,8 @@ following are common ranges reported nationwide:</p>
10-23 Stand-By 10-99 Assist Agent
10-26 N.C.I.C. Check
10-28 Registration check</p>
<p>FBI COMMON CODE WORDS</p>
<p>ASAIC - Assistant Special Agent In Charge
<p>FBI COMMON CODE WORDS</p>
<p>ASAIC - Assistant Special Agent In Charge
AUSA - Assistant U.S. Attorney
Big K - K-Mart
Bird Dog - Surveillance Aircraft
@ -569,20 +570,20 @@ Unit - A vehicle
USA - U.S. Attorney
Wagon - Surveillance Van
Wire - Body Transmitter</p>
<p>FEDERAL NEWS - FBI</p>
<p>The FCC has established a nationwide radio frequency for stolen vehicle
<p>FEDERAL NEWS - FBI</p>
<p>The FCC has established a nationwide radio frequency for stolen vehicle
tracking systems operating on the frequency of 173.025. The frequency was
reported as a FBI assignment (wouldn't we like to see the exact frequency
assignment chart?) Nationwide. Perhaps this frequency was used for wireless
microphones or bugs, and if so perhaps others operate on nearby similar
frequencies. Give it a listen and let us know.</p>
<p>The FBI Academy, located 40 miles south of Washington, is the host to the most
<p>The FBI Academy, located 40 miles south of Washington, is the host to the most
crime ridden town in the United States - Hogan's Alley. Hogan's Alley is a
"Hollywood" town with a motel, bank, post office, drug store, laundry and even
a theater. It is used as a training ground for FBI agent trainees. Various
scenarios are enacted under the careful eyes of supervisors. The trainees
performance are evaluated with each exercise.</p>
<p>One thing about Hogan's Alley - it has a 100% success rate in solving of cases,
<p>One thing about Hogan's Alley - it has a 100% success rate in solving of cases,
pretty impressive. Something that is not pretty impressive about the FBI is the
starting pay agents earn. According to a 8 January 1990 U.S. News and World
Report quirk the starting pay of a FBI agent is $26261. Consider that an agent
@ -590,9 +591,10 @@ does not choice his assignment location, the agent could be placed in a very
high cost of living area. Placement in certain cities such as NYC offer
slightly more pay, however it is not enough for the work that they perform for
all of us. Yet even worse is the pay for DEA agents $19493 to $23846.</p>
<p>The Congress is aware of these low salaries (after all they, the Congressmen
<p>The Congress is aware of these low salaries (after all they, the Congressmen
and Senators literally took care of themselves) and will hopefully rectify the
problem this year.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

68
pre-src-xml/art-04.xml
View File

@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 56
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 56
Subject: Keyword(s) : KENNEDY and ASSASSINATION
Title : Do Assassinations Alter the Course of History?
Author : Simon Freeman and Ronald Payne
@ -8,21 +9,21 @@ Source : European
Publication Date : May 24-26, 1991
Page Number(s) : 9
</p>
<p>
<p>
EUROPEAN
(London, England)
May 24-26, 1991, p. 9
"Reprinted courtesy of THE EUROPEAN."
</p>
<p>DO ASSASSINATIONS ALTER THE COURSE OF HISTORY?
<p>DO ASSASSINATIONS ALTER THE COURSE OF HISTORY?
by Simon Freeman and Ronald Payne
</p>
<p>
<p>
India faces collapse with the violent death of Rajiv Gandhi--or
does it? Simon Freeman and Ronald Payne analyse the importance of
individuals in the march of events
</p>
<p>
<p>
They have paid their tributes, expressed their horror and
pledged, as they always do when one of their number is murdered,
that democracy will triumph in the face of terrorism. Now, in
@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ their top secret intelligence reports, world leaders will have to
judge the true impact on India of the assassination of Rajiv
Gandhi.
</p>
<p>
<p>
They will conclude, perhaps a little unhappily for them but
fortunately for the rest of us, that Gandhi's death is unlikely
to be more than a footnote, if a substantial one, in the history
@ -40,14 +41,14 @@ civil war. The Indian military will not stage a coup. Pakistan
will not launch the oft-predicted strike which would set the
region ablaze.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Some Indians, perhaps many, may die over the next month in
the kind of primitive ethnic and religious feuding which has
always threatened to destroy the country. But, unless history is
truly mischievous, India will muddle through and get on with the
business of trying to survive.
</p>
<p>
<p>
It is rarely the personal stature of a statesman which
decides how pivotal his contribution to history will be. History
usually depends less on the drama of an assassination or the
@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ demographic forces. In retrospect, it often appears that assassin
and victim were inexorably drawn together to become the catalyst
for inevitable change.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The most spectacular assassination in modern European
history--the shooting of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife
at Sarajevo in 1914 by a Serbian student, Gavrilo Princip--was
@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ Princip not pressed the trigger that late June day in the cause
of Serbian nationalism, the 19th-century order would have
survived.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Dr Christopher Andrew, of Cambridge University, believes
that the assassination merely set the timetable for war. He said:
"Even if the Archduke had not been killed then there might have
@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ but of an explosive cocktail of nationalism straining within
decrepit empires and of fatally dangerous alliances built by
leaders from an earlier world.
</p>
<p>
<p>
It is possible to see Sarajevo as the climax to a period in
which political murders became almost routine. The reference
books on late 19th-century Europe are peppered with the names of
@ -83,14 +84,14 @@ hapless, long-forgotten politicians who were shot, bombed or
stabbed because, so it was thought by the many bands of
extremists, that was the only way to force change.
</p>
<p>
<p>
While there are no precise ways to assess the real
importance of an assassination, historians like Andrew reckon
that there are some general guidelines. In the stable, advanced
democracies of today the murder of a top politician is unlikely
to cause more than outrage and pain.
</p>
<p>
<p>
When the Irish Republican Army blew up the Grand Hotel in
Brighton in 1984 in an attempt to kill Prime Minister Margaret
Thatcher and most of her Cabinet, they hoped that there would be
@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ Thatcher had died this would not have happened. Her death would
probably have strengthened her successor's resolve not to bow to
terrorism.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The IRA should have known this from the reaction to the
killing five years earlier of Lord Louis Mountbatten,
distinguished soldier, public servant and pillar of the British
@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ unsolved--drew the usual, but clearly genuine, shocked response
from world leaders. But even at the time they were hardpressed to
pretend that Palme's murder would fundamentally matter to Sweden.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The Third World, on the other hand, is more volatile.
Sometimes, as in India, countries are an uneasy blend of
feudalism and capitalism, dynastic authoritarianism and
@ -128,14 +129,14 @@ Pakistan since 1977, was blown up in his plane in the summer of
stability of the country, his death seemed to be the fated climax
to the era of military rule.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The murder of Egypt's President Sadat in October 1981 seemed
then to herald some new dark age of internal repression and
aggression towards Israel. But his successor, Hosni Mubarak,
merely edged closer to the Arab world without returning to the
pre-Sadat hostility towards Israel.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The killers of kings and dictators in other Arab countries
have also discovered that they have murdered in vain. Iraq has
endured a succession of brutal military dictators who have died
@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ realities, not assassins' bullets. Saudi Arabia has also seen its
share of high level killings yet, today, the House of Saud
remains immovably in power.
</p>
<p>
<p>
But in the United States, where the idea of righteous
violence is deeply embedded in the national consciousness, the
grand assassination has been part of the political process for
@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ Kennedy in 1963; his brother, Robert, heir apparent, shot in
Prize winner, gunned down the same year. Ronald Reagan could
easily have followed in 1981 when he was shot and badly wounded.
</p>
<p>
<p>
John Kennedy's death now appears important for different
reasons from those one might have expected at the time. It did
not derail any of his vaunted civil rights or welfare programmes;
@ -166,21 +167,21 @@ would be able to push the Kennedy blueprint for a New America
through Congress. Nor did it end the creeping US involvement in
Vietnam.
</p>
<p>
<p>
But Kennedy has been immortalised by his assassin and the
mythology of his unfulfilled promise will endure long after his
real accomplishments are forgotten.
</p>
<p>
<p>
In a curious, perverse, sense he and his fellow-martyrs
might live on as far more potent symbols of change than if they
had survived into gentle retirement with their fudges revealed
and their frailties exposed.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Why good leaders die and bad ones survive
</p>
<p>
<p>
Few names of hated tyrants appear on the roll-call of world
leaders who fall to the assassin's bomb, knife or bullet, writes
Ronald Payne. One of the curiosities of the trade in political
@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ often live to a ripe old age or die quietly in their beds. Few
who mourn the passing of Rajiv Gandhi would have shed so many
tears had President Saddam Hussein been blown to pieces in Iraq.
</p>
<p>
<p>
There was a time only a few years ago when Americans and
Europeans would have celebrated the violent demise of President
Muammar Gaddafi. Both the Libyan leader and Hussein live on, as
@ -197,30 +198,30 @@ do Idi Amin of Uganda, or Fidel Castro, whom the American Central
Intelligence Agency plotted so imaginatively and ineffectually to
remove.
</p>
<p>
<p>
When academics play the game of what might have been, the
consequences of assassinating such monstres sacres as Stalin and
Hitler arise.
</p>
<p>
<p>
When the Russian dictator died suddenly of natural causes,
the whole Soviet Union was paralysed because no leader dared
claim the right to succeed him. That in itself suggests what
might have happened had Stalin been shot unexpectedly at a more
critical moment.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The timing of a political murder is crucial. Had Adolf
Hitler been assassinated before he achieved full power or before
his invasion of the Soviet Union, the history of Germany, and
indeed of Europe, would have been very different.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Fascinating though such intellectual exercises are, it seems
that as a rule it is the decent, the innocent and the relatively
harmless who perish as assassins' victims.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The reason may not be far to seek. Tyrants watch their backs
pretty carefully. The secret police are ever active. It is easier
to kill statesmen in democracies where the rule of law prevails
@ -228,17 +229,18 @@ and the sad truth is that leaders in those countries which
exercise authority through voting rather than shooting are more
at risk than Middle East tyrants.
</p>
<p>
<p>
A further reason for the survival of the hated monster
figure might be that Western intelligence services have been
forbidden to go in for execution. The CIA and the British secret
intelligence service are now out of the killing business. Even
the KGB's assassination specialists seem to have been stood down.
</p>
<p>
<p>
In any case the Kremlin was hardly keen on the murder of
ruling statesmen even in the bad old days. Soviet leaders
understood the realities of power well enough to know that such
acts were unlikely to further their cause.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

102
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@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
Subject: Keyword(s) : KENNEDY and ASSASSINATION
Title : Conspiracy Theories: Doubts Refuse to Die
Author : Bob Dudney
@ -8,18 +9,18 @@ Source : Dallas Times Herald (Dallas, Texas)
Publication Date : Nov. 20, 1983
Page Number(s) : Special Sec. 11
</p>
<p>
<p>
DALLAS TIMES HERALD
(Dallas, Texas)
Nov. 20, 1983, Commemorative Section, pp. 11
Reprinted with permission from the author.
</p>
<p>
<p>
CONSPIRACY THEORIES: DOUBTS REFUSE TO DIE
by Bob Dudney
Special to the Times Herald
</p>
<p>
<p>
Editor's Note: Bob Dudney, a former reporter for the Dallas Times
Herald, has written hundreds of articles about the investigation
of President Kennedy's assassination. He has covered
@ -27,50 +28,50 @@ congressional inquiries on the subject, has interviewed dozens of
people connected with it, and has examined thousands of
government documents.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The shots fired in Dealey Plaza on a sunny Dallas day 20
years ago still reverberate in a bizarre way: the belief that
President John F. Kennedy's assassination resulted from a
conspiracy.
</p>
<p>
<p>
There is a deep, almost theological assumption by some
Americans that the President was the victim of conspirators who
still roam at large. The conclusion is strange because there is
no solid evidence to support it--and significant reasons to
believe it is false.
</p>
<p>
<p>
There is no denying the difficulty of accepting the Warren
Commission's verdict on the events of Nov. 22, 1963--that a
down-and-out, 24-year-old ex-Marine named Lee Harvey Oswald, with
no outside assistance, murdered the most glamorous, powerful man
in the world at the time.
</p>
<p>
<p>
But no matter how strong the unwillingness to believe, the
evidence in the case demonstrates beyond a reasonable doubt that
there was no plot. Undermining the scores of conspiracy theories
that have cropped up over the years are three crucial factors:
</p>
<p>
<p>
- The scientific, eyewitness and medical data establishing
that Oswald shot Kennedy.
</p>
<p>
<p>
- The absence of uncontroverted evidence linking Oswald to
other conspirators.
</p>
<p>
<p>
- The lack of evidence to suggest that Oswald was
unwittingly manipulated by others.
</p>
<p>
<p>
So long as these elements remain unshaken, claims that a
sinister plot was afoot that November day will amount to nothing
more than speculation.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Nevertheless, theories about the active involvement of
others in the assassination thrive and multiply. Their
proponents--some skilled and some not, some sincere and some not
@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ proponents--some skilled and some not, some sincere and some not
to reveal the "full" treachery of events in Dallas two decades
ago.
</p>
<p>
<p>
In fact, from the volume and variety of conspiracy theories,
one might conclude that the possibility of a conspiracy had never
been officially probed. The theories discount thousands of
@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ question by the Warren panel, the FBI and the CIA in 1963 and
Committee on Intelligence in 1975 and the House Committee on
Assassinations in 1977-1978.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The list of "suspects" the theories implicate is extensive.
Among them: The Soviet KGB; anti-Soviet exiles; Fidel Castro;
pro-Castro Cubans in the United States; anti-Castro Cubans;
@ -98,17 +99,17 @@ labor unions; Southern white racists; the Dallas Police
Department; the CIA; the FBI; the Secret Service; the Chinese
communists; reactionary Army officers; and Jewish extremists.
</p>
<p>
<p>
But it is not enough to demonstrate that some group stood to
benefit from the murder. Theorists must establish participation
of two or more people in the murder. This they have not done.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Each theory alters the nature of Oswald's role in the death,
but the possible changes are necessarily limited. The principle
theories are:
</p>
<p>
<p>
Oswald is innocent: Adherents of this contention maintain
that law enforcement officials--cynically or through honest
error--settled on Oswald as the assassin even though there was no
@ -116,13 +117,13 @@ reliable evidence against him. They say Oswald could have
exonerated himself at a trial had he not been killed by Dallas
nightclub owner Jack Ruby.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Challenging this theory is an abundance of evidence.
Scientific testing and physical evidence found at the scene show
that shots were fired at Kennedy's limousine from a sixth-floor
window of the Texas School Book Depository building.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Oswald worked in the building at Elm and Houston. He was
seen leaving it shortly after the shooting. Crates were found
stacked by the sixth-floor window as an apparent gun brace.
@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ assassination, Oswald was seen carrying a long, paper-wrapped
object into the building. Wrapping paper found near the window
bore Oswald's fingerprints.
</p>
<p>
<p>
A rifle was found hidden between boxes in the building. A
bullet and the bullet fragments removed from Kennedy, Connally
and the limousine ballistically matched the rifle. Oswald's palm
@ -140,12 +141,12 @@ mail order house, had been shipped to a Dallas post office box
rented by Oswald. A photograph showed Oswald holding a rifle
identical to the one found.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Proponents of this theory retort that all of the evidence
was fabricated and put credence in Oswald's post-arrest
declaration that he hadn't killed anyone.
</p>
<p>
<p>
But claims that the incriminating rifle photo was doctored--
with Oswald's head superimposed over another man's body--were
dispelled by Marina Oswald's confirmation that she took the
@ -153,25 +154,25 @@ picture. And claims that Oswald's rifle was planted in the room
after the assassination were refuted by ballistic tests that
showed it fired the deadly shots.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Given the problems with claims of planted evidence, some
theorists have argued that there must have been a "planted
Oswald," or Oswald impersonator on the scene. This contention,
however, has been difficult to reconcile with the Oswald
fingerprints and palmprints found on the evidence.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Two years ago, conspiracy theorists, successfully pressed
for the opening of Oswald's grave to show it contained an
imposter--probably a Soviet agent. Subsequent examination,
however, determined the body was the "real" Lee Harvey Oswald.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Oswald had accomplices: Faced with the weight of evidence
indicating Oswald's guilt, quite a few conspiracy theories have
contended he was only one of those involved.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Some theories assert that a person or persons helped put
Oswald in position to shoot the President. They leave unexplained
why Oswald would need such help. As an employee of the book
@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ depository, he had easy access to the building. After the
shooting, according to witnesses' testimony, he sought no help in
fleeing and left downtown Dallas by city bus and then a taxi.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Moreover, it would seem unlikely that accomplices could have
helped get Oswald a job that put him on the motorcycle route.
Oswald got his job at the depository on Oct. 15. White House
@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ Somewhat more credible is the contention others provided
secret financing, planning, direction or encouragement for the
murder that Oswald carried out.
</p>
<p>
<p>
In this scenario, the chief suspect over the years has been
the Soviet Union. After all, Oswald defected to Russia in 1959.
He married a Russian woman, Marina Prusakova, in 1961. He was a
@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ vociferous Marxist. Even after he returned to the United States
in June 1962, Oswald had several fleeting contacts with Soviet
diplomats.
</p>
<p>
<p>
However, no evidence of Soviet complicity has been found.
Investigators who combed Oswald's effects discovered no
unexplained funds, no code books, no messages--nothing to suggest
@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ recruited as a Soviet agent, the Russians would not have been
likely to allow him to defect, as he did--thereby exposing his
relationship with them.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The other top suspect has been Cuba. Oswald admired Fidel
Castro; he was a member of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee in
the United States; he visited the Cuban embassy in Mexico City a
@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ country. Because the CIA was backing assassination plots against
Castro at the time, some speculate that Castro may have
retaliated through Oswald.
</p>
<p>
<p>
But, as with the theory of Soviet involvement, there is no
evidence. At one point, there did appear to be some. A young
Central American informant told U.S. authorities he saw Oswald in
@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ for Castro's Cuba. Subsequently, he retracted his retraction.
Finally, he failed a lie-detector test. Anyway, Oswald did not
speak Spanish.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Another account suggesting possible Cuban involvement was
provided by a Cuban exile who testified before the Warren
commission. She said two Hispanic men and an Anglo man they
@ -240,21 +241,21 @@ investigators said they do not believe it was him. They said they
believe that at that time, Oswald was traveling from his New
Orleans home to Mexico in his quest for a Cuban entry visa.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The most publicized theories involving Oswald accomplices
are those that have featured other gunmen.
</p>
<p>
<p>
These various versions have assassins firing from other
windows in the depository building; from the Dal-Tex building;
from sewer drains, a grassy knoll near Dealey Plaza, the railroad
bridge over Elm, Main and Commerce streets and the Dallas County
Courthouse roof; and firing with silencers or automatic weapons.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The arguments surrounding these claims:
</p>
<p>
<p>
- One-man, one-bullet: The first shot that wounded Kennedy
in the neck did not also hit John Connally, as the Warren
Commission concluded. Rather they were struck by individual
@ -265,7 +266,7 @@ question in 1978. The panel's conclusion: It is not only
possible, but almost certain that Kennedy and Connally were hit
by the same bullet.
</p>
<p>
<p>
- Filmed accomplices: Photographs of Dealey Plaza taken at
the time of the assassination show a dim form behind a wall on a
grassy knoll to the right and in front of the presidential
@ -274,7 +275,7 @@ weapons or footprints in this area. A panel of photography
experts concluded in 1978 that the images on the film were
shadows.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Films and photos also show a man in Dealey Plaza opening and
closing a black umbrella. Conspiracy theories suggest he was
signaling gunmen or that some weapon was hidden in the umbrella.
@ -283,7 +284,7 @@ mild-mannered Dallas insurance worker identified himself as the
mysterious "umbrella man" and said he was only trying to harass
Kennedy.
</p>
<p>
<p>
- Head movement: The famous Zapruder film of the
assassination clearly shows President Kennedy's head lurching
backward when it was struck by the fatal gunshot. If the shot had
@ -295,7 +296,7 @@ wound-ballistics scientists concluded that the backward motion
was caused by the sudden tightening of the President's neck
muscles.
</p>
<p>
<p>
- Tape-recorded sounds: Sound transmitted through the
microphone of a motorcycle patrolman in the motorcade, and
recorded at Dallas police headquarters, shows four noise
@ -307,14 +308,14 @@ Commission had concluded that no more than three shots had been
fired from the window. The source of the previously unknown one,
the acoustical experts said, was the grassy knoll area.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The finding was the first scientific evidence supporting a
conspiracy theory and stirred an uproar. But it, too, was later
discounted. Twelve experts assembled by the National Research
Council reviewed the tapes and concluded the "spikes" were
actually recorded about a minute after the assassination.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The Assassinations Committee also grappled futily with the
prospect of a likely colleague for Oswald. "The question is with
who," said one member of the now-defunct committee. "If there's a
@ -322,12 +323,12 @@ conspirator, then who could it have been? We asked ourselves over
and over: What associates did Oswald have, where was there
evidence of conspiracy? We found none."
</p>
<p>
<p>
Oswald was manipulated: These theories suggest that Oswald,
and perhaps other operatives, were unknowingly influenced in
their actions.
</p>
<p>
<p>
There can be only one reasonable candidate to mastermind
such a project--the KGB. It would have been the only organization
with the scientific means and the extended access to Oswald. Even
@ -336,12 +337,12 @@ the possibility. Because Oswald spent some time in a Soviet
hospital while residing in Russia, there was the suspicion he
might have been brainwashed.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Once again, the problem is that there is no evidence to
suggest Oswald was brainwashed. Moreover, the CIA believes KGB
"mind conditioning" techniques at the time were primitive.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Surely, it is impossible to rule out the prospect of a
conspiracy in the assassination. The Warren Commission itself did
not do so. "Because of the difficulty of providing negatives to a
@ -351,7 +352,8 @@ certainty," the panel said, proving there was no conspiracy
all the investigative agencies and resources of the United
States."
</p>
<p>
<p>
Twenty years later, that is still the case.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

122
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@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
Subject: Keyword(s) : KENNEDY and ASSASSINATION
Title : The Day John Kennedy Died
Author : Bryan Woolley
@ -8,29 +9,29 @@ Source : Dallas Times Herald (Dallas, Texas)
Publication Date : Nov. 20, 1983
Page Number(s) : Sec. Sec. 2-3
</p>
<p>
<p>
DALLAS TIMES HERALD
(Dallas, Texas)
Nov. 20, 1983, Special Section, pp. 2-3
Reprinted with permission from the author.
</p>
<p>
<p>
THE DAY JOHN KENNEDY DIED
Sun cleared dawn's drizzle, but gloom clouded Dallas
by Bryan Woolley
Staff Writer
</p>
<p>
<p>
The valet walked past the Secret Service guard and entered
Suite 850 of Fort Worth's Texas Hotel. He knocked on the door of
the master bedroom. It was 7:30 a.m. "Mr. President," he said,
"it's raining out."
</p>
<p>
<p>
President John F. Kennedy, coming out of sleep, replied,
"That's too bad."
</p>
<p>
<p>
While he was dressing, he heard the murmur of the crowd
outside and went to the window. Below him, 5000 people were
standing patiently in the soft drizzle, some wearing raincoats,
@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ lot where they stood. Mounted police officers wearing yellow
slickers moved among them. "Gosh, look at the crowd!" the
President said to his wife. "Just look! Isn't that terrific."
</p>
<p>
<p>
In the lobby, he was joined by Vice President Lyndon
Johnson, Gov. John Connally, Sen. Ralph Yarborough, several
members of Congress and the president of the Fort Worth Chamber
@ -50,16 +51,16 @@ crowd, shaking hands, smiling. They mounted the truck that was to
serve as the speaker's platform. Kennedy grabbed the microphone
and shouted: "There are no faint hearts in Fort Worth!"
</p>
<p>
<p>
The crowd cheered. Somebody yelled, "Where's Jackie?"
</p>
<p>
<p>
Kennedy pointed toward his eighth-floor window. "Mrs.
Kennedy is organizing herself," he replied. "It takes her a
little longer, but, of course, she looks better than we do when
she does it."
</p>
<p>
<p>
Fort Worth was the third stop on the President's five-city
Texas tour. He had ridden through Houston and San Antonio like a
triumphant emperor, and Fort Worth had stayed up past midnight to
@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ welcome the handsome 46-year-old President and his beautiful
34-year-old wife, lining their route from Carswell Air Force base
to the hotel.
</p>
<p>
<p>
After an informal speech in the parking lot, he would go to
the hotel, deliver a breakfast speech, fly from Carswell to Love
Field, ride in a motorcade through Dallas, deliver a speech at a
@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ $100-a-plate luncheon at the Dallas Trade Mart, fly to Austin for
a banquet and a reception at the Governor's Mansion, and then go
to the LBJ ranch for a weekend of rest.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Back inside the Texas Hotel, Kennedy accepted the ceremonial
cowboy hat from his hosts, but refused to wear it for
photographers and TV cameramen. He would model it later, he said,
@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ at the White House. His breakfast speech was the standard
fence-mending one-- about the greatness of Texas and Fort Worth
and the Democratic Party--and it drew a thunderous ovation.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The President and the first lady retired to Suite 850 to
prepare for the flight to Dallas. Kennedy placed a call to former
Vice President John Nance "Cactus Jack" Garner in Uvalde, Texas,
@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ Dallas Morning News. "Welcome Mr. Kennedy to Dallas," it read. In
Fact-Finding Committee" accused the administration of selling out
the world to communism.
</p>
<p>
<p>
"Oh, you know, we're heading into nut country today," the
President said. Mrs. Kennedy later told author William Manchester
that he paced the floor and then stopped in front of her. "You
@ -104,19 +105,19 @@ were all getting jostled. Suppose a man had a pistol in a
briefcase." He pointed a finger at the wall and pretended to fire
two shots.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Not many in the presidential party were looking forward to
Dallas. Several Texans--some from Dallas--had warned the
President not to include Dallas on his Texas tour, that an ugly
incident was likely to occur there. But Kennedy insisted that the
state's second-largest city be placed on the itinerary.
</p>
<p>
<p>
So the preparations had been made. Dallas civic leaders had
launched a public relations campaign to try to ensure a friendly
turnout for the President.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Seven hundred law officers--city police officers and
firefighters, sheriff's deputies, Texas Rangers and state highway
patrol officers--had been assembled to keep order. About the time
@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ had gone on TV to warn that his officers would take "immediate
action to block any improper conduct." If the police were
inadequate, he said, even citizen's arrests were authorized.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Others were preparing, too, in the early morning. Waiters
were setting the places for the Trade Mart luncheon. A warehouse
worker named Lee Harvey Oswald sneaked a rifle and a telescopic
@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ the presidential party arrived, a Kennedy aide told the Secret
Service not to put the bubble-top on the big blue limousine in
which the President and Mrs. Kennedy would ride.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Air Force One had barely left the runway at Carswell before
it began its descent toward Love Field. The flight took only 13
minutes. The big plane touched down at 11:38 a.m. Police armed
@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ booed and hissed when the President and first lady emerged from
the plane, smiled, waved and descended the stairs of Air Force
One.
</p>
<p>
<p>
For the fourth time in 24 hours, Lyndon and Lady Bird
Johnson were waiting to welcome the Kennedys to a Texas city. The
presidential couple was introduced to the 12-man official
@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ presented Mrs. Kennedy with a bouquet of red roses. Then Kennedy
broke from the official cluster and moved along the chain-link
fence, smiling, shaking hands; letting people touch him.
</p>
<p>
<p>
At 11:55, two motorcycle police officers led the motorcade
out of Love Field and turned left on Mockingbird Lane. Police
Chief Curry drove the lead car. With him rode Dallas County
@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ the car on each side. Next was another convertible, full of
Kennedy aides and Secret Service agents, and four more agents
standing on its running boards.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Then came the vice presidential convertible, carrying two
Secret Service agents, the Johnsons and Yarborough. A Texas
highway patrol officer and four Secret Service agents rode in the
@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ next car. A press pool car, a press bus, convertibles bearing
photographers, and cars carrying lesser dignitaries completed the
procession.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The motorcade would move through a sizable portion of
Dallas--along Mockingbird to Lemmon Avenue, right on Lemmon to
Turtle Creek Boulevard, along Turtle Creek and Cedar Springs Road
@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ to Harwood Street, down Harwood to Main Street, where, at City
Hall, it would turn right and move westward along Main through
the downtown business district.
</p>
<p>
<p>
At the west end of downtown, it would turn right onto
Houston Street and then immediately left onto Elm Street and move
through the Triple Underpass. A few yards beyond the underpass,
@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ weather. It was, after all, late November. She put on sunglasses,
but her husband told her to take them off. The people wanted to
see her, he said.
</p>
<p>
<p>
At the corner of Lemmon and Lomo Alto, a group of children
held a long banner reading, "Please Stop and Shake Our Hands."
Kennedy ordered his driver to stop. He got out and shook their
@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ began to thicken. And at Harwood and Live Oak, still two blocks
from the turn onto Main, the people in the motorcade heard the
downtown crowd murmuring like a distant tide.
</p>
<p>
<p>
When the caravan made the turn, it faced pandemonium. People
were standing 10 and 12 deep on the sidewalks. Red, white and
blue bunting fluttered from the buildings. People leaned out
@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ windows, waving and screaming. There were no picket signs, no
sour faces. The feared Dallas crowd was friendly--even adoring.
The nuts had stayed home. It was 12:21 p.m.
</p>
<p>
<p>
At the Trade Mart, the luncheon guests were showing their
tickets to the door guards and filing to their seats. The huge
building was surrounded by Dallas and Texas police, standing at
@ -230,16 +231,16 @@ tree to tree. A fountain splashed. An organist was practicing
"Hail to the Chief." Dozens of yellow roses adorned the head
table. The presidential seal had been mounted on the rostrum.
</p>
<p>
<p>
As the motorcade neared Houston Street, the size of the
crowd diminished, but the cheers and applause were still hearty.
Nellie Connally turned in her seat and said, "You can't say
Dallas doesn't love you, Mr. President."
</p>
<p>
<p>
Kennedy replied, "No, you can't."
</p>
<p>
<p>
Workers from the Texas School Book Depository, the Dal-Tex
Building and the Dallas County buildings lined the sidewalks at
Houston and Elm as the head of the motorcade turned toward the
@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ spectators noticed a man standing very still in a sixth-floor
corner window of the depository. One man saw the rifle he was
holding and assumed he was a Secret Service agent.
</p>
<p>
<p>
As the blue limousine made the sharp left turn from Houston
onto Elm, the Hertz rental car time-and-temperature sign on the
roof of the depository red 12:30. A Secret Service man in the
@ -257,24 +258,24 @@ motorcade radioed the Trade Mart: "Halfback to Base. Five minutes
to destination." He wrote in his shift log: "12:35 p.m. President
Kennedy arrived at Trade Mart."
</p>
<p>
<p>
Some thought the noises were firecrackers. Others thought a
motorcycle was backfiring. Some recognized them as rifle shots.
Pigeons flew from the roof of the depository. Kennedy lurched
forward and grabbed his neck.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Sen. Yarborough, in the vice president's car, cried, "My
God! They've shot the President!" Secret Service agent Rufus
Youngblood climbed from the front seat to the back, threw Johnson
to the floorboard and covered him with his own body.
</p>
<p>
<p>
In the blue limousine, Gov. Connally had been hit, too. He
pitched forward and fell toward his wife. "No, no, no, no, no!"
he screamed.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Then another shot. The President's head exploded. Blood
spattered the occupants of the blue car. The first lady, in
shock, tried to climb out over the trunk. A Secret Service agent
@ -282,14 +283,14 @@ pushed her back. The car slowed and then lurched out of the
motorcade line and sped past the Triple Underpass, with Chief
Curry's car and the Secret Service car in pursuit.
</p>
<p>
<p>
UPI White House correspondent Merriman Smith was sitting in
the middle of the front seat of the press pool car. He grabbed
the mobile phone. He called the wire service's Dallas bureau and
dictated the first bulletin: "Three shots were fired at President
Kennedy's motorcade in downtown Dallas."
</p>
<p>
<p>
The cheers of greeting in Dealey Plaza rose to screams of
horror and fear. "They killed him! They killed him! They killed
him!" Parents grabbed children and ran. Men and women lay
@ -299,14 +300,14 @@ get through the crowd and follow the limousine. Helmeted police
officers leaped from motorcycles, pulled guns, looked wildly
about. The Hertz clock still read 12:30.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The staff at Parkland Memorial Hospital had only five
minutes notice of the massive emergency rushing upon them, and
many thought the message was a joke. When the blue car arrived,
they weren't ready. No one was waiting at the emergency entrance.
A Secret Service agent dashed inside to order stretchers.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Connally--whose wounds were serious but not fatal--was
wheeled to Trauma Room No. 2, Kennedy to Trauma Room No. 1. Teams
of surgeons and nurses went to work. The Secret Service regrouped
@ -315,18 +316,18 @@ of the hospital. Reporters dashed around the halls and offices,
searching for phones. Parkland patients heard the news and rushed
to have a look.
</p>
<p>
<p>
"Gentlemen," a weeping Yarborough told reporters, "this has
been a deed of horror. Excalibur has sunk beneath the waves."
Mrs. Kennedy insisted on being in the trauma room with her
husband. A nurse protested, but she was admitted.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Outside, more of the motorcade vehicles were arriving. Their
passengers tumbled out and stared in horror at the blood-soaked
convertible.
</p>
<p>
<p>
At 1 p.m., Dr. Kemp Clark, the senior physician working on
the President, pronounced him dead. A priest administered last
rites. At 1:13, the news was carried to the vice president. At
@ -336,7 +337,7 @@ to unmarked cars and sped to Love Field. They boarded Air Force
One at 1:33, while Kennedy press aide Malcolm Kilduff was
announcing the President's death to the press.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Police were still combing the Dealey Plaza area for
Kennedy's murderer. Indeed, only a minute after the fatal shot
was fired, Marrion Baker, a Dallas motorcycle officer, had
@ -351,7 +352,7 @@ door of the depository, where he encountered NBC reporter Robert
MacNeil, who was looking for a phone. Oswald told him he could
find one inside. Five minutes later, police sealed off the door.
</p>
<p>
<p>
At 12:44, Oswald boarded a bus at Elm and Murphy streets,
seven blocks from the depository, but got off a few minutes later
when the bus was caught in a traffic snarl. By 12:45, Dallas
@ -363,14 +364,14 @@ station and rode to Beckley and Neely, a corner near his Oak
Cliff rooming house. He went to his room, got a pistol and left
again.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Meanwhile, Roy Truly had drawn up a list of depository
employees and told police that Oswald was missing. At 1:12,
sheriff's deputies found three empty cartridge cases near the
sixth floor corner window. Ten minutes later, they would find the
rifle, hidden between boxes of textbooks in the room.
</p>
<p>
<p>
At 1:15, Dallas officer J.D. Tippett was cruising by a drug
store at 10th and Patton, less than a mile from the Oak Cliff
rooming house, and spotted Oswald walking along the sidewalk.
@ -380,7 +381,7 @@ times and ran away. Nine people saw the shooting. A pickup truck
driver took the dead officer's radio mike and said, "Hello,
police operator. We've had a shooting out here."
</p>
<p>
<p>
On Air Force One, stewards were removing some of the seats
in the tail compartment to make room for President Kennedy's
coffin. In the plane's stateroom, Lyndon Johnson was watching
@ -392,7 +393,7 @@ without a President while he was en route. Johnson decided he
would assume the office in Dallas. "Now," he said, "What about
the oath?"
</p>
<p>
<p>
The aides and congressmen were embarrassed. They could
remember neither the words nor where to find them. They couldn't
remember who, besides Supreme Court justices, was authorized to
@ -406,7 +407,7 @@ Sarah Hughes, an old friend of Johnson who had been appointed to
the North Texas federal bench by Kennedy, was dispatched to Love
Field.
</p>
<p>
<p>
At 1:40, Lee Oswald ran into the Texas Theater on West
Jefferson--eight blocks from officer Tippit's body--without
buying a ticket. The box office attendant called the police.
@ -415,7 +416,7 @@ lights went up, and officers moved up and down the aisles, looked
into the faces of the few patrons. Officer M.N. McDonald stopped
at the 10th row and said to a man sitting alone: "Get up."
</p>
<p>
<p>
"Well, it's all over now," Oswald said, according to
witnesses and he stood up. But when McDonald moved closer, Oswald
struck him in the face and went for his pistol. McDonald struck
@ -425,7 +426,7 @@ under the hammer. The gun didn't fire. Other officers joined the
fight. They subdued Oswald and hustled him out of the theater. "I
protest this police brutality!" Oswald shouted.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Twenty-five minutes later, Capt. Will Fritz, chief of
homicide, returned to the Police Department and ordered that the
missing Texas School Book Depository worker named Lee Harvey
@ -433,7 +434,7 @@ Oswald be arrested as a suspect in the presidential killing. An
officer pointed to a small young man with a bruised eye who was
sitting in a chair. "There he sits," he said.
</p>
<p>
<p>
At Parkland, a Secret Service agent called Oneal's Funeral
Home in Oak Lawn to order a casket. The funeral director, Vernon
Oneal, arrived with it at 1:30. After the President's body had
@ -442,7 +443,7 @@ been placed in the casket, Mrs. Kennedy entered Trauma Room No.
finger. The casket was closed and placed on a funeral home cart
to be moved to the hearse.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Dr. Earl Rose, the Dallas County medical examiner,
protested. Kennedy was a homicide victim, he said, and the body
couldn't be released legally until after an autopsy had been
@ -453,7 +454,7 @@ and loaded it into the hearse. Mrs. Kennedy rode in the back with
it. At 2:20, the dead President was carried up the stairs into
Air Force One. Mrs. Kennedy retired to the bedroom.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Judge Hughes boarded the plane at 2:35 and was handed a
small white card with the oath scrawled on it. Capt. Cecil
Stoughton, an Army Signal Corps photographer, tried to arrange
@ -461,25 +462,26 @@ the crowd in the cramped stateroom so that he could take a
picture of the ceremony. "We'll wait for Mrs. Kennedy," Johnson
said. "I want her here."
</p>
<p>
<p>
Mrs. Kennedy came out of the bedroom still wearing the
blood-soaked pink suit. Johnson pressed her hand and said, "This
is the saddest moment of my life." The photographer placed her on
Johnson's left, Lady Bird on his right. Judge Hughes, the first
woman to administer the presidential oath, was shaking.
</p>
<p>
<p>
"What about a Bible?" asked one of the witnesses. Someone
remembered that President Kennedy had kept a Bible in the bedroom
and went to get it.
</p>
<p>
<p>
"I do solemnly swear..."
</p>
<p>
<p>
The oath lasted 28 seconds. At 2:38 p.m., Lyndon B. Johnson
became the 36th President of the United States. The big jet's
engines already were screaming. "Now, let's get airborne," he
said.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

58
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@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Volume : SIRS 1991 History, Article 02
Subject: Keyword(s) : KENNEDY and ASSASSINATION
Title : A Remembrance of Kennedy
Author : Jim Henderson
@ -8,28 +9,28 @@ Source : Dallas Times Herald (Dallas, Texas)
Publication Date : Nov. 20, 1983
Page Number(s) : Special Sec. 1+
</p>
<p>
<p>
. . . Reprinted with permission from
DALLAS TIMES HERALD
(Dallas, Texas)
Nov. 20, 1983, Special Section, pp. 1+
</p>
<p>
<p>
A REMEMBRANCE OF KENNEDY
by Jim Henderson
Staff Writer
</p>
<p>
<p>
'Let the word go forth from this time and place...that the torch
has been passed to a new generation of Americans--born in this
century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,
proud of our ancient heritage.'
</p>
<p>
<p>
After 20 years, the events seem as compressed as a leanly
edited videotape.
</p>
<p>
<p>
A sunny day, a dark convertible, a steady din rebounding
from the canyon walls above a crowded street, three cracks from a
rifle in a sniper's nest, a scramble below, engines racing, a
@ -38,15 +39,15 @@ policeman shot across town, a pronouncement of death, a scrawny,
handcuffed suspect in a corridor with Jack Ruby's .38 exploding
in his belly.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The nation was stunned by the images that were transmitted
from Dallas--hard images formed in terse, teletype prose and more
vivid ones fashioned from bits and pieces of celluloid.
</p>
<p>
<p>
America paused to watch the newsreel.
</p>
<p>
<p>
A new President quickly sworn in and airlifted into command,
a bloodstained widow never far from the coffin, a change to
black, a bewildered daughter kneeling before a flag-draped box in
@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ a slow-moving caisson, a young boy saluting the honor guard
carrying his father to Arlington National Cemetery, the lighting
of the eternal flame.
</p>
<p>
<p>
On the day John F. Kennedy was buried, Alistair Cooke wrote:
"He was snuffed out. In that moment, all the decent grief of a
nation was taunted and outraged. So along with the sorrow, there
@ -65,20 +66,20 @@ on our knees, but when we get up from them, we cry with the poet:
Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the
dying of the light."
</p>
<p>
<p>
It is only in memory that the howling note from those four
days flits past. Behind the newsreel, the hours were agonizing
and interminable. For many, particularly in Dallas, time moved as
slowly as a motorcade or a horse-drawn caisson.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Erik Jonsson, then-president of the Dallas Citizens Council,
would recall the anxiety he felt when the President did not show
up on schedule for a luncheon at the Trade Mart. What's going on?
he asked himself over and over as the wait, only a few moments in
duration, seemed endless.
</p>
<p>
<p>
After 12:33 p.m. Nov. 22, 1963, the time the first news
bulletin notified the republic that its President had been shot
in Dallas, the city stood motionless and helpless, waiting for
@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ the firestorm of scorn. It came in searing, overlapping bursts.
had asked moments after he escaped from a violent crowd in Dallas
a month earlier.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The world looked again at Dallas with the same question. It
would seem, in the slow-motion drift of events, that the answer
would never come. Dallas mourned the assassination as the rest of
@ -96,19 +97,19 @@ Schoolteachers wept as they broke the news to their classes. Men
cried in public. Rage and shame and guilt and dread melted into
one great immobilizing glob of emotional turmoil.
</p>
<p>
<p>
An eternity, two hours and 20 minutes, passed before the
truth would be known. Kennedy's assassin was not of Dallas, was
far removed from the nation's perception of the city and the
city's own worst fears of itself.
</p>
<p>
<p>
In time, the world, as well as Dallas, would believe the
city was merely caught in one of history's inscrutable warps,
that it was only by chance that the light passing through the
long prism of that era intersected in Dealey Plaza.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The howl that was heard through the dark night of those
times had the tone of a primal scream, a victim raging against a
felon. In truth, it was a cry of national doubt, of the sense
@ -116,17 +117,17 @@ that America would not be the same. More than mere innocence was
lost that day in Dallas. With it went the cable that anchored the
nation to its sense of order.
</p>
<p>
<p>
To the historians who define eras in terms of events rather
than years, the decade of the '60s was born in Dallas.
</p>
<p>
<p>
In a great, shuddering spasm, the fragile floodgates that
had held back the reservoir of a restless social movement was
punctured by the bullets that rained down from the Texas School
Book Depository.
</p>
<p>
<p>
Within months, America would experience the first of her
long hot summers, just the beginning of another newsreel: the
dogs and fire hoses of Birmingham, the first smiling Marines
@ -138,17 +139,17 @@ Apollo 11, Woodstock, Charles Manson, the cultural revolution,
the counterculture revolution, the sexual revolution, the
yippies, the hippies, the peaceniks and the crazies.
</p>
<p>
<p>
In 1968, Stuart Udall, secretary of interior for both
Kennedy and Johnson, was asked his opinion of the times, which
seemed to be reeling out of control. He offered a sober, but
startling, observation.
</p>
<p>
<p>
"This may be remembered," he said, "as the most creative
time in our history."
</p>
<p>
<p>
It did not seem such an outrageous judgment when the
hurricane had passed. A sorting out had occurred in the storm.
Not many years would pass before a black preacher from Chicago
@ -159,13 +160,13 @@ Wars would be harder to make, nuclear waste harder to conceal,
books harder to burn, air harder to pollute, justice harder to
deny.
</p>
<p>
<p>
America was starkly different. Kennedy's presidency and his
assassination may have been essential to unlocking the passions
of the time, but what the land became was neither his legacy, nor
Oswald's nor Dallas.'
</p>
<p>
<p>
After the trauma and shame and guilt were gone, the judgment
of history would be that Kennedy and Oswald, Edwin Walker and
Martin Luther King, George Wallace and Stokely Carmichael, Angela
@ -173,9 +174,10 @@ Davis and George Lincoln Rockwell, Dallas and Los Angeles,
Memphis and Birmingham, Detroit and Da Nang were fragments of the
American character, slivers of the dream and the nightmare.
</p>
<p>
<p>
The legacy of that sunlit moment in Dallas was a nation's
fretful and all-consuming search for itself, a long and howling
rage against the dying of the light.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> The Next Banking Crisis:
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> The Next Banking Crisis:
=========================================
The Issue Whose Name They Dare Not Speak.
========================================= </p>
<p> Late in June, [the Bush] Administration unleashed a bill that
<p> Late in June, [the Bush] Administration unleashed a bill that
would gut the Community Reinvestment Act (which requires banks to
make loans in their own neighborhoods, including low-income
areas), ease restrictions on loans to a bank's own officers and
@ -24,14 +25,14 @@ The CBO estimates that the repeated delays in shutting down
insolvent institutions from 1980 to 1991 added $66 billion to the
cost of the S&amp;L bailout -- enough to fund the Aid to Families with
Dependent Children program for three years, or AIDS research for 50 </p>
<p> The Next Banking Crisis:
<p> The Next Banking Crisis:
=========================================
The Issue Whose Name They Dare Not Speak.
=========================================
By Doug Henwood, _The Nation_, July 20/27, 1992
(See below for more about _The Nation_) </p>
<p>Transcribed by Joseph Woodard </p>
<p>Whatever happened to the financial crisis? Only a year ago, it seemed
<p>Transcribed by Joseph Woodard </p>
<p>Whatever happened to the financial crisis? Only a year ago, it seemed
the credit system was imploding, and ever-more-extravagant bailouts
appeared inevitable. Now, the Resolution Trust Corporation (R.T.C.),
liquidator of failed savings and loans, is winding down operations;
@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ banks and surviving thrifts seem generally profitable; and the seizure
of failing institutions has all but ceased. Surely the weak, possibly
failing, economic recovery we've seen since late last year can't be
solely responsible for this apparent reversal of fortune. </p>
<p>No, finance owes its recovery mainly to an indulgent government, whose
<p>No, finance owes its recovery mainly to an indulgent government, whose
normal generosity has been deepened by election year concerns. The
Bush Administration wants to bury the problem, Congress is happy to go
along and the media aren't asking any unpleasant questions. Clinton
@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ considering that, as Bush campaign officials told Lynda Edwards of
_The Village Voice_, people in their focus groups are obsessed with
the savings and loan bailout and wonder why the press isn't covering
it. </p>
<p>One reason the banking mess has receded from view is that the Federal
<p>One reason the banking mess has receded from view is that the Federal
Reserve -- which no doubt prefers that the financial system never be
an electoral issue at all -- has been easing policy gradually but
steadily since March 1989. The federal funds rate (the interest rate
@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ banks charge one another for overnight loans), the most sensitive
indicator of the central bank's policy, has fallen in thirty-two of
the past forty months, pushing short-term interest rates to their
lowest levels since 1963. </p>
<p>Although the economy has barely responded to this treatment -- no
<p>Although the economy has barely responded to this treatment -- no
modern slump has proved so resistant to lowered rates -- it has helped
refloat the banking system in at least two ways. First, banks haven't
really shared the Fed's generosity with their customers. Rates charged
@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ also fattens the banks, which have been buying government bonds
they pay their depositors and what they can get from Uncle Sam. Should
the relation between long-term and short-term rates return to normal,
the banks would take a quick turn for the worse. </p>
<p>Fed chairman Alan Greenspan isn't the banks' only friend. The other is
<p>Fed chairman Alan Greenspan isn't the banks' only friend. The other is
the man who has said he will do anything to get re-elected, George
Bush. Late in June, his Administration unleashed a bill that would gut
the Community Reinvestment Act (which requires banks to make loans in
@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ their own neighborhoods, including low-income areas), ease
restrictions on loans to a bank's own officers and directors and
postpone the effective date of some tighter regulations contained in
last year's banking law. </p>
<p>This proposal is only the latest in a series of deregulatory gestures
<p>This proposal is only the latest in a series of deregulatory gestures
by the Administration and the Fed. The Durham, North Carolina-based
Financial Democracy Campaign recently issued a five-page list of such
gifts to the financial industry -- forty-five actions, taken rather
@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ quietly since December, that mandate looser capital requirements,
lighter supervision and gimmicky accounting. Their collective effect
is to make the banking industry look healthier than it really is and
to permit riskier behavior in the future. </p>
<p>These moves defer tomorrow's disasters, shoring up shaky banks (more
<p>These moves defer tomorrow's disasters, shoring up shaky banks (more
than 1000 are on the F.D.l.C.'s problem list); yesterday's disasters
are being dealt with separately. The government has virtually stopped
seizing failed banks and thrifts; the liquidators can only move in
@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ Nicholas Brady's Treasury Department), and such orders aren't being
given. This is good news for the liquidators, since their insurance
funds are broke, and Congress is reluctant to vote them more money --
at least not in an election year. </p>
<p>If you listen to the R.T.C., its work is nearly done. Even though it
<p>If you listen to the R.T.C., its work is nearly done. Even though it
has run through only half its budget, the corporation is shutting
offices and reducing staff. Among the staff being reduced, as Susan
Schmidt has been reporting in _The Washington Post_, are lawyers with
@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ them with novices. No one can prove anything yet, of course, but the
likely targets of such liability investigations, aside from bankers,
would be realtors, accountants, lawyers, doctors and others who are
likely to be generous campaign contributors to both parties. </p>
<p>Insofar as there's a strategy behind this delay in dealing with the
<p>Insofar as there's a strategy behind this delay in dealing with the
banking problem (aside from political expediency), it's one of
"forbearance" -- the hope that the problem will just go away with time
and economic growth. But the economy is hardly growing, and insolvency
@ -120,19 +121,19 @@ Office estimates that the repeated delays in shutting down insolvent
institutions from 1980 to 1991 added $66 billion to the cost of the
S&amp;L bailout -- enough to fund the Aid to Families with Dependent
Children program for three years, or AIDS research for fifty. </p>
<p>Students of the S&amp;L disaster are reminded of 1988, when the same trio
<p>Students of the S&amp;L disaster are reminded of 1988, when the same trio
of co-conspirators -- the executive and legislative branches, assisted
by a lazy or complicit media -- ignored the disaster until after the
election. In early 1989, the thrift crisis was suddenly "discovered,"
only to disappear again in accordance with the quadrennial cycle. </p>
<p>But the problems won't just go away. Bank and thrift balance sheets
<p>But the problems won't just go away. Bank and thrift balance sheets
are contaminated with billions of dollars of loans that went to build
pointless shopping centers and see-through office buildings. Salomon
Brothers estimates that it will take a national average of twelve
years to fill up existing empty commercial real estate -- ten years in
Los Angeles, twenty-six years in Boston, forty-six years in New York
City and fifty-six years in San Antonio, the national champ. </p>
<p>Aside from increasing the ultimate cost of the financial rescue, the
<p>Aside from increasing the ultimate cost of the financial rescue, the
conspiracy of silence has largely prevented any serious discussion of
why the financial meltdown happened or how we might make the best of
the situation. The government is spending hundreds of billions of
@ -143,10 +144,10 @@ near-worthless real estate could be turned over to community groups,
local governments or nonprofit associations for creative use. But some
things are too important to be discussed openly, especially during
election season. </p>
<p>**************************************************************
<p>**************************************************************
Doug Henwood is Editor of _Left Business Observer_ (see below)
************************************************************** </p>
<p>
<p>
##################################################################
Reprinted with permission - granted by The Nation magazine/The Nation
@ -158,4 +159,5 @@ The Nation // Dept MAP // 72 Fifth Ave. // New York, NY 10011
Or a half-year subscription (24 issues) is $22.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Article 1577 of misc.activism.progressive:
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Article 1577 of misc.activism.progressive:
From: dave@ratmandu.corp.sgi.com (dave "who can do? ratmandu!" ratcliffe)
Newsgroups: misc.activism.progressive
Subject: will BCCI happen again? bank on it. (part 1 of 2)
@ -11,10 +12,10 @@ Followup-To: alt.activism.d
Organization: PACH
Lines: 586
Approved: map@pencil.cs.missouri.edu </p>
<p> The following is part one of a two-part series on BCCI
<p> The following is part one of a two-part series on BCCI
that recently appeared in "In These Times".
Reprinted with permission of "In These Times." </p>
<p> During World War II the United States had emerged as the globe's
<p> During World War II the United States had emerged as the globe's
dominant economic and military power. In 1944, the Bretton Woods
agreement established a system of fixed exchange rates based on
the dollar ....
@ -31,14 +32,14 @@ United States learned when it was forced to end fixed exchange
rates, the new global economic system was too powerful for any one
government to control. For BCCI, as well as for international
criminal elements, this was a dream come true. </p>
<p> from the October 23-29, 1991 issue of "IN THESE TIMES":
<p> from the October 23-29, 1991 issue of "IN THESE TIMES":
----------------------------------------------------------------------
BCCI THE BIG PICTURE
A system out of control, not just one bank
By George Winslow </p>
<p> This is the first story in a two-part "In These Times" investigation
<p> This is the first story in a two-part "In These Times" investigation
into the broader economic implication of the BCCI affair. </p>
<p> IN THE EARLY '80S, PAKISTANI IMMIGRANT AZIZ Rehman was overjoyed
<p> IN THE EARLY '80S, PAKISTANI IMMIGRANT AZIZ Rehman was overjoyed
to find a job in one of the world's fastest growing banks, the
Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI). The pay was
good and the perks were even better. His employer gave him a
@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ terrifying cycle of poverty, drug addiction and financial fraud
around the world. Like the toxic waste given off by a chemical
factory, BCCI is simply a noxious byproduct of a global economy
based on profits and high finance, not human needs. </p>
<p> HUMBLE BEGINNINGS: The economic context of the BCCI scandal
<p> HUMBLE BEGINNINGS: The economic context of the BCCI scandal
begins with socialism and ends with the creation of a kind of
capitalist utopia.
In 1972, BCCI's founder, Agha Hasan Abedi, was under house
@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ national borders--a 3200 percent increase. BCCI took full
advantage of this growth. By early 1990, it had grown into a $21
billion bank with 425 branches in over 75 countries that served
1.2 million customers. </p>
<p> UNCLE SAM'S FALL: A dramatic period of political and economic
<p> UNCLE SAM'S FALL: A dramatic period of political and economic
disorder produced the global economic revolution that allowed BCCI
to thrive. One year before BCCI was founded, President Richard
Nixon announced that the United States would devalue the dollar,
@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ billions of dollars in Vietnam. Nixon's decision to devalue the
dollar and effectively end the Bretton Woods agreement on fixed
exchange rates simply recognized the inevitable--the United States
no longer ruled the world. </p>
<p> A NEW KING: Assuming the U.S. government's throne, huge
<p> A NEW KING: Assuming the U.S. government's throne, huge
multinational corporations had become the world's new imperial
power. American foreign investments jumped from $29.1 billion in
1955 to $120 billion in 1970 and $373 billion in 1989. Foreign
@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ The BCCI study also shows that on an average working day in
with the five banks. Most of those transactions (700 in all,
worth $1.7 billion) involved Bank of America--even though Bank of
America had sold its stake in BCCI in 1980. </p>
<p> CAPITALIST UTOPIAS: The rapid growth of the global economy also
<p> CAPITALIST UTOPIAS: The rapid growth of the global economy also
produced dramatic changes in the very structure of the
international economic system. Massive military expenditures from
Vietnam--along with increased imports--caused billions of dollars
@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ United States learned when it was forced to end fixed exchange
rates, the new global economic system was too powerful for any one
government to control. For BCCI, as well as for international
criminal elements, this was a dream come true. </p>
<p> PEEKABOO FINANCE: From the start, BCCI understood the beauty of
<p> PEEKABOO FINANCE: From the start, BCCI understood the beauty of
offshore finance. Operating out of regulation-free havens, BCCI
was able to embark on what international investigators have called
"the most complex deception in banking history." To hide the fact
@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ these criminal activities. But before exploring its role as a
"Bank of Crooks and Criminals International," it's worth
remembering that some of BCCI's largest crimes were quite legal--
at least in the context of the lawless offshore financial system. </p>
<p> A FREE LUNCH: Consider, for example, taxes. While Aziz Rehman
<p> A FREE LUNCH: Consider, for example, taxes. While Aziz Rehman
was carrying large bags of cash around Miami for BCCI, he noticed
that many of the bank's clients weren't interested in drugs or
arms or weird CIA plots. They simply wanted to avoid taxes. In
@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ decline--but it certainly helped. If U.S. corporations still paid
billion in 1990 alone. This number is worth remembering when
people talk about BCCI as simply a case of bank fraud, far removed
from problems like poverty, bad schools or potholes. </p>
<p> ------------------------------------------------------------------
<p> ------------------------------------------------------------------
'Bank of Crooks and Criminals International' had
links to U.S. intelligence and Third World tyrants
| It's no wonder the Bank of Credit and Commerce
@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ approve another $648 million U.S. arms deal as a
reward for Sheik Zayed's staunch support for the U.S.
during the Iraq war.
------------------------------------------------------------------ </p>
<p> LOOTING THE THIRD WORLD: During the '80s, Americans weren't the
<p> LOOTING THE THIRD WORLD: During the '80s, Americans weren't the
only ones faced with cuts in social services and declining
standards of living. Between 1980 and 1985, average incomes in
Latin America fell by 9 percent. Some heavily indebted countries
@ -446,7 +447,7 @@ between 1975 and 1985. During that time, an amount equal to about
half of that borrowed money was siphoned out of these countries by
capital flight. Venezuela, for example borrowed $36 billion, but
had $41 billion leave the country. </p>
<p> BCCI'S PALS IN HIGH PLACES: Such huge debts have left many
<p> BCCI'S PALS IN HIGH PLACES: Such huge debts have left many
Third-World countries dependent on the International Monetary
Fund, the World Bank, the U.S. government and various other
international development bodies. But these bodies have promoted
@ -504,7 +505,7 @@ investigators that the World Bank suggested BCCI provide a loan to
Bolivia. After BCCI provided the loan, which was guaranteed by
the World Bank, Bolivia's central bank began depositing money in
BCCI. </p>
<p> IN THE RED: Ironically, as the IMF and the World Bank were using
<p> IN THE RED: Ironically, as the IMF and the World Bank were using
BCCI to help solve the debt crisis in several countries, BCCI was
engaging in a number of illegal transactions that actually
increased the debt various Third-World countries were paying.
@ -554,19 +555,19 @@ banks like BCCI continue to use offshore havens to help
multinational corporations avoid taxes, and to aid corrupt Third-World leaders in looting their countries. The international
financial system still operates outside the control of any real
government authority. BCCI will happen again. </p>
<p> George Winslow is a New York City freelance writer who regularly
<p> George Winslow is a New York City freelance writer who regularly
covers white-collar crime and international finance. </p>
<p> In Part II, "In These Times" shows how larger economic issues shed
<p> In Part II, "In These Times" shows how larger economic issues shed
new light on BCCI's more notorious operations--the bank's ties to
the CIA, drug dealers, sleazy S&amp;Ls, and influence peddlers. </p>
<p> --
<p> --
daveus rattus </p>
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman </p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI </p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman </p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI </p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living. </p>
<p> Article 1633 of misc.activism.progressive:
<p> Article 1633 of misc.activism.progressive:
From: dave@ratmandu.corp.sgi.com (dave "who can do? ratmandu!" ratcliffe)
Newsgroups: misc.activism.progressive
Subject: will BCCI happen again? bank on it. (part 2 of 2)
@ -577,9 +578,9 @@ Followup-To: alt.activism.d
Organization: PACH
Lines: 613
Approved: map@pencil.cs.missouri.edu </p>
<p> The following is part two of a two-part series on BCCI.
<p> The following is part two of a two-part series on BCCI.
Reprinted with permission of "In These Times." </p>
<p> Meanwhile, the Reagan and Bush administrations actively
<p> Meanwhile, the Reagan and Bush administrations actively
obstructed a congressional investigation of the scandal. A Senate
subcommittee chaired by Sen. John Kerry (D-MA) has been
investigating BCCI for several years. From the start, the
@ -593,12 +594,12 @@ over every aspect of the American political system. Over the past
decade, securities firms, major banks, insurance companies and
other financial institutions have given more money to Congress
than any other industry. </p>
<p> from the October 30-November 5, 1991 issue of "IN THESE TIMES":
<p> from the October 30-November 5, 1991 issue of "IN THESE TIMES":
----------------------------------------------------------------------
BCCI THE BIG PICTURE
New capitalism: bank fraud, drug trade, espionage
By George Winslow </p>
<p> In its October 23 issue, "In These Times" began a two-part
<p> In its October 23 issue, "In These Times" began a two-part
series on the broader economic and social issues of the BCCI
affair. Author George Winslow argued that the real scandal
was not a lone wayward bank, but a world financial system
@ -621,7 +622,7 @@ In the following story, Winslow examines how larger economic
issues shed new light on BCCI's more notorious operations--
the bank's ties to the CIA, drug dealers, sleazy S&amp;Ls and
influence peddlers. </p>
<p> EVEN IN MIAMI, WHERE EXCESS HAS BECOME a fine art, David Paul, the
<p> EVEN IN MIAMI, WHERE EXCESS HAS BECOME a fine art, David Paul, the
chairman of CenTrust Savings Bank, stood out from the pack. Paul,
who raised lots of money for top Democratic Party politicians,
used bank funds to buy a $13 million Rubens that he hung in his
@ -653,7 +654,7 @@ never sets on the new world of bank fraud. Ghaith Pharaon--the
wealthy Saudi financier who was supposed to save CenTrust--was
simply one of the front men that BCCI used to secretly buy and
loot at least four American banks. </p>
<p> THE PRICE WE PAY: The "New York Times" recently assured its
<p> THE PRICE WE PAY: The "New York Times" recently assured its
readers that many of BCCI's crimes would have little effect on
Americans. "[The] money laundering and other corruption at BCCI
occurred largely overseas. ... The criminals and most, if not
@ -676,7 +677,7 @@ Mideastern arms race that helped trigger the U.S.-Iraqi war. And
BCCI was not the only major financial institution to profit from
bank fraud, arms deals and drug smuggling. These problems--and
the financial system that nourishes them--will continue. </p>
<p> SECRET INVASION: Only five years after being founded in the Third
<p> SECRET INVASION: Only five years after being founded in the Third
World, BCCI began its invasion of America. In 1977, several of
BCCI's largest shareholders launched a hostile bid for the largest
bank in Washington, D.C., Financial General Bankshares (now called
@ -717,7 +718,7 @@ straits. Recently regulators gave FAB, which lost $182 million in
should be shut down: one is an excellent rating. The $11 billion
bank, which now has $469 million worth of bad loans, could easily
cost U.S. taxpayers billions of dollars if it collapses. </p>
<p> NEW RULES: More importantly, the FAB fiasco illustrates how the
<p> NEW RULES: More importantly, the FAB fiasco illustrates how the
new world of international finance has affected the American
banking industry. The increasingly unregulated international
financial system of the '70s and American financial system as
@ -752,7 +753,7 @@ advisers and shareholders. These ties show that BCCI was not
simply a foreign problem--and that the S&amp;L scandal goes far beyond
U.S. borders. In the '80s, high-flying institutions like BCCI and
CenTrust became magnets for con artists of all kinds. </p>
<p> BCCI AND THE S&amp;L SCANDAL: For example, Charles Keating and his
<p> BCCI AND THE S&amp;L SCANDAL: For example, Charles Keating and his
thrift, Lincoln Savings and Loan, invested millions of dollars in
Trendinvest, an offshore company that speculated in foreign
currencies. According to the "Wall Street Journal," Lincoln
@ -804,7 +805,7 @@ bogus market for junk bonds that artificially inflated the prices
for these bonds. When the market finally collapsed, many S&amp;Ls
such as CenTrust, went broke, costing taxpayers at least $6
billion. </p>
<p> HOOKED ON DRUG MONEY: Financial crime, however, wasn't the only
<p> HOOKED ON DRUG MONEY: Financial crime, however, wasn't the only
toxic byproduct of global financial deregulation. The authors of
"Inside Job" have noted that organized crime groups produced tens
of billions of dollars worth of revenue each year. These criminal
@ -872,7 +873,7 @@ National Bank ($185 million), American Express Bank ($11 million),
Citibank ($63 million), and Extebank ($138 million). (BCCI, which
received a $13 million wire transfer from the Bank of New York,
was a relatively minor player in this scheme.) </p>
<p> DRUGS, GUNS AND IDEOLOGY: BCCI's money-laundering activities also
<p> DRUGS, GUNS AND IDEOLOGY: BCCI's money-laundering activities also
have a political context that has been largely ignored by the
mainstream media. Over the last decade, the Reagan and Bush
administrations have attempted to portray the war against drugs as
@ -923,7 +924,7 @@ companies used to set up the death-squad camps was actually owned
by the Colombian minister of defense. As a result, millions of
dollars in U.S. aid, earmarked for the war on drugs, was actually
going to fight the guerrillas. </p>
<p> OFFSHORE A-BOMB INDUSTRY: Guns for the drug cartels represented
<p> OFFSHORE A-BOMB INDUSTRY: Guns for the drug cartels represented
only a small part of BCCI's arms supermarket. BCCI was involved
in the sale of guns to the Contras and the CIA-backed Afghan
rebels. Gun dealers hired by the National Security Council's
@ -953,7 +954,7 @@ easy to finance cross-borders smuggling of sensitive nuclear
technology." This is partly because "international banks ...
are under no obligation to check whether the materials being
transported are legal." </p>
<p> BCCI AND THE CIA: More importantly, very few media reports have
<p> BCCI AND THE CIA: More importantly, very few media reports have
put BCCI's arms sales in a larger context of American foreign
policy and covert operations.
The congressional Iran-Contra committee noted that then-CIA
@ -1014,7 +1015,7 @@ And the CIA may have been involved. "In These Times" has learned
that government investigators are probing allegations that one CIA
official supervised the BCCI-financed shipment of drugs and arms
through Pakistan. </p>
<p> BANKING ON WAR: But getting rid of BCCI won't hinder those
<p> BANKING ON WAR: But getting rid of BCCI won't hinder those
government officials who, like William Casey and Oliver North, are
determined to undermine American democracy. It's important to
remember that the CIA has used banks like BCCI for decades.
@ -1090,7 +1091,7 @@ transferred $72 million between BCCI and BNL. J.P. Morgan, a
major New York bank, acted as a clearing agent for BNL in the
loans to Iraq. And many large European corporations provided the
technology and weapons. </p>
<p> A WHITEWASH? Fraud at BCCI burst into the headlines when bank
<p> A WHITEWASH? Fraud at BCCI burst into the headlines when bank
regulators around the world shut down the bank this past July.
But like the S&amp;L scandal--which wasn't discovered by the
mainstream media until hundreds of billions of dollars had been
@ -1152,14 +1153,15 @@ major capitalist companies to shut down BCCI this past summer. It
will take many countries, acting together, to bring the system
that created BCCI under control. Given the current political
climate, that is unlikely. </p>
<p> George Winslow is a New York City freelance writer who regularly
<p> George Winslow is a New York City freelance writer who regularly
covers white-collar crime and international finance. </p>
<p> --
<p> --
daveus rattus </p>
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman </p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI </p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman </p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI </p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living. </p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
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<p>Tom Bearden</p>
<p> John Bedini has a prototype free energy motor.</p>
<p> Imagine having a small D.C. electrical motor sitting on your laboratory bench powered
<p>Tom Bearden</p>
<p> John Bedini has a prototype free energy motor.</p>
<p> Imagine having a small D.C. electrical motor sitting on your laboratory bench powered
by a common 12 volt battery. Imagine starting with a fully charged battery and
connecting it to the motor with no other power input. Obviously, the motor is go
ing to run off the battery, but by conventional thinking it will stop when the battery
runs down.</p>
<p> It isn't running by the conventional wisdom of electrical physics. It isn't running
<p> It isn't running by the conventional wisdom of electrical physics. It isn't running
by the conventional rules of electric motors and generators, but it is running.</p>
<p> And it isn't something complex. It's pretty simple, once one gets the hang of the
<p> And it isn't something complex. It's pretty simple, once one gets the hang of the
basic idea.</p>
<p> Impossible, you say. Not at all. That's precisely what John Bedini has done, and the
<p> Impossible, you say. Not at all. That's precisely what John Bedini has done, and the
motor is running now in his workshop.</p>
<p> It's running off the principles of electromagnetics that Nikola Tesla
<p> It's running off the principles of electromagnetics that Nikola Tesla
discovered shortly before 1900 in his Colorado Springs experiments. It's running
off the fact that pure empty vacuum - pure "emptiness", so to speak, is filled with riv
ers and oceans of seething energy, just as Nikola Tesla pointed out.</p>
<p> It's running off the fact that vacuum space-time itself is nothing but pure masless
<p> It's running off the fact that vacuum space-time itself is nothing but pure masless
charge. That is, vacuum has a very high electrostatic scalar potential - it is greatly
stressed. To usefully tap the enormous locked-in energy of that stress, all one
has to do is crack it sharply and tap the vacuum oscillations that result. The best
way to do that is to hit something resonant that is imbedded in the vacuum, then
tap the resonant stress of the ringing of the vacuum itself.</p>
<p> In other words, we can ring something at its resonant frequency and, if that
<p> In other words, we can ring something at its resonant frequency and, if that
something is imbedded in the vacuum, we can tap off the resonance in vacuum stress,
without tapping energy directly from the embedded system we rang into oscillation.
So
what we really need is something that is deeply imbedded in the vacuum, that is,
something that can translate the "vacuum" movement into "mass" movement.</p>
<p> Well, all charged particles and ions are already imbedded in the vacuum by their
<p> Well, all charged particles and ions are already imbedded in the vacuum by their
charged fluxes, so stressed oscillations - that is, vacuum oscillations - can be
converted into normal energy of mass movement by charged particles or ions, if the
sy
stem of charged particles or ions is made to resonate in phase with our tapping
"potential". For our purpose, let's use a system of ions.</p>
<p> First we will need a big accumulator to hold a lot of the charged ions in the system
<p> First we will need a big accumulator to hold a lot of the charged ions in the system
that we wish to shock into oscillation. We need something that has a big capacitance
and also contains a lot of ions.</p>
<p> An ordinary battery filled with electrolyte fits the bill nicely. While it's not
<p> An ordinary battery filled with electrolyte fits the bill nicely. While it's not
commonly known, ordinary lead-acid storage batterys have a resonant ionic frequency,
usually in the range of from 1 - 6 Mhz. All we have to do is shock -oscillate the
ions in the electrolyte at their resonant frequency and time our "trigger" potential
and "siphon" circuit correctly. Then if we keep adding potential to trigger the
system we can get all that "potential" to translate into "free electrical energy".</p>
<p> Look at it this way. Conventionally "electrostatic scalar potential" is composed
<p> Look at it this way. Conventionally "electrostatic scalar potential" is composed
of work or energy per columb of charged particle mass. So if we add potential alone,
without the mass flow, to a system of oscillating charged particles, we add "physica
l energy" in the entire charged particle system. In other words, the "potential" we
@ -72,45 +73,45 @@ d V. Bohm, "Significance of Electromagnetic Potentials in the Quantum Theory",
Physical Review, Second Series, Vol. 115, No. 3, Aug. 1, 1959, pages 485-491. On page
490 you will find that it's possible to have a field-free reigon of space, and
still have the potential determine the physical properties of the system.)</p>
<p> Now this "free energy resonant coupling" can be done in a simple, cheap system.
<p> Now this "free energy resonant coupling" can be done in a simple, cheap system.
You don't need big cyclotrons and huge laboratories to do it; you can do it with
ordinary D.C. motors, batteries, controllers and trigger circuits.</p>
<p> And that's exactly what John Bedini has done. It's real. It works. It's running
<p> And that's exactly what John Bedini has done. It's real. It works. It's running
now on John's laboratory bench in prototype form.</p>
<p> But that's not all. John is also a humanitarian. He's as concerned as I am for that
<p> But that's not all. John is also a humanitarian. He's as concerned as I am for that
little old widow lady at the end of the lane, stretching her meager Social Security
check as far as she can, shivering in the cold winter and not daring to turn
up her furnace because she can't afford the frightful utility bills.</p>
<p> That's simply got to change and John Bedini may well be the fellow who changes it.
<p> That's simply got to change and John Bedini may well be the fellow who changes it.
By openly releasing his work in this paper, he is providing enough information
for all the tinkerers and independent inventors around the world to have at it. If
he can get a thousand of them to duplicate his device, it simply can't be supressed as
so many others have been.</p>
<p> So here it is. John has deliberately written his paper for the tinkerer and
<p> So here it is. John has deliberately written his paper for the tinkerer and
experimenter, not for the scientist. You must be careful, for the device is a little
tricky to adjust in and synchronize all the resonances. You'll have to fiddle with
it,
but it will work. Keep at it.</p>
<p> Also, we warn you not to play with this unless you know what you are doing. The
<p> Also, we warn you not to play with this unless you know what you are doing. The
resonating battery electrolyte produces hydrogen, and if you hit it to hard with a
"voltage spike" you can get an electrical spark inside the battery. If that happens, </p>
<p>THE BATTERY WILL EXPLODE, so don't mess with it unless you are qualified and use the
<p>THE BATTERY WILL EXPLODE, so don't mess with it unless you are qualified and use the
utmost caution.</p>
<p> But it DOES work. So all you experimenters and pioneers, now's your chance. Have
<p> But it DOES work. So all you experimenters and pioneers, now's your chance. Have
at it. Build it. Tinker with it. Fiddle it into resonant operation. Then lets build
this thing in quantity, sell it widely, and get those home utilities down to where w
e can all afford them - including the shivering little old lady at the end of the lane.</p>
<p> And when we do, lets give John Bedini, and men like him the credit and appreciation
<p> And when we do, lets give John Bedini, and men like him the credit and appreciation
they so richly deserve.</p>
<p> Tom Bearden</p>
<p> April 131984</p>
<p>John Bedini</p>
<p>[Note: John Bedini developed Two kinds of controller devices. One, being very simple,
<p> Tom Bearden</p>
<p> April 131984</p>
<p>John Bedini</p>
<p>[Note: John Bedini developed Two kinds of controller devices. One, being very simple,
is the one I will present here. The other is quite a bit more complex, and would be
impossible for me to reproduce here... Anyway if you want to see the all electro
nic controller, get the book "Bedini's Free Energy Generator" by John C. Bedini,
Published by the Tesla Book Co. 1580 Magnolia Ave., Millbrae, CA 94030.]</p>
<p> For some time man has been looking for different ways to generate electricity. He has
<p> For some time man has been looking for different ways to generate electricity. He has
used water power, steam power, nuclear power, and solar power. Recent papers written
by Tom Bearden make a free energy generator possible. Tom Bearden, rather
than patent his devices, chose to share them with people who had open ears. I
@ -120,12 +121,12 @@ d tell you stories of great machines they had, but would never present the truth
with circuit diagrams or a look at the machine in question. Tom, on the other hand,
clearly presents his ideas and clearly presents his ideas and discloses the
concepts by means of which they work.</p>
<p>The facts I am about to present to you about free energy were never put into textbooks,
<p>The facts I am about to present to you about free energy were never put into textbooks,
only portions were. The textbooks have grounded people in conventional theory and made
things very complicated. What I am about to explain is very simple; anyone
can understand this theory and anyone who understands what he is doing can build
this device.</p>
<p> I have been grounded in conventional theory for some eleven years. I have always
<p> I have been grounded in conventional theory for some eleven years. I have always
tried to study the simplicity of electrical circuits, but my mind wouldn't allow
this because of my orthodox training. In any event, I had to change the way
i was looking at things. I started to wonder, why do we need to have things so
@ -137,23 +138,23 @@ not be able to pay for these fuels. Everything will come to a stand-still. But l
ugh as you will, at that time Rube Goldberg machines will power your future. It
probably will not be uncommon to see machines from the size of garbage cans to the
size of two story apartment houses powering everything in sight. These machines will </p>
<p>be using a force in nature never conceived by the conventionally trained mind of today.</p>
<p> The theory I am about to explain to you will bring you one step closer to gaining
<p>be using a force in nature never conceived by the conventionally trained mind of today.</p>
<p> The theory I am about to explain to you will bring you one step closer to gaining
free energy.</p>
<p> To begin my story I must state I had a vision - looking for this energy. Many times
<p> To begin my story I must state I had a vision - looking for this energy. Many times
I hammered my head into the ground, but I refused to give up in my search. Any person
with a dream should never let it be wasted by fools, who will always say "you
can't do that". All that statement really means is that they do not know how to do it.</p>
<p> There are many different ways to explain this theory. I will discuss the first
<p> There are many different ways to explain this theory. I will discuss the first
one now.</p>
<p> The device is very simple and uses a motor, a generator, a controller switch, and a
<p> The device is very simple and uses a motor, a generator, a controller switch, and a
battery. Basically, we drive a direct current motor with pulsed current from a battery,
then utilize a special means to cause the battery to recharge itself.</p>
<p> First, the battery, controller, and generator are interconnected as shown in figure
<p> First, the battery, controller, and generator are interconnected as shown in figure
3. (See also Figure 1)</p>
<p>Figure 1: The Kromery Converter</p>
<p>Figure 3: Schematic of the device </p>
<p>Let's begin by stating certain facts. The ions move backwards under charging
<p>Figure 1: The Kromery Converter</p>
<p>Figure 3: Schematic of the device </p>
<p>Let's begin by stating certain facts. The ions move backwards under charging
conditions and in reverse under discharging conditions. So here we start our new
concept. Suppose we have constructed a machine that has tricked this battery into a
different space and time relationship. Simply put, suppose the battery never did any
@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ battery backwards by pushing electricity into the battery and forcibly pushing t
i
n the electrolyte backwards. In our theory, we are not going to push anything - the ions
are going to move themselves, recharging the battery.</p>
<p>If we go a little deeper into this theory, you are probably asking yourself, "what is
<p>If we go a little deeper into this theory, you are probably asking yourself, "what is
this madman talking about?" Simply put, we are going to put a stress on the battery
terminals for a moment in time and the battery will do the rest. Now comes the heavy
part of this theory. What they didn't teach you in textbooks is that, in order for the
@ -175,18 +176,18 @@ battery to charge, two oscillatory actions must occur, one at the positive termi
one at the negative terminal. Under different stress levels this then forces the
ions backwards. The same would occur for an electron. Our machine will slingshot ions
in the battery electrolyte backwards beyond the normal recoil action.</p>
<p> I must give a very stern warning at this time that if the voltage developed is too
<p> I must give a very stern warning at this time that if the voltage developed is too
high the battery will explode. Use the utmost care. Test setups in my lab have proven
that this can be dangerous. Do not build the device and experiment with it unless yo
u know what you are doing, and use the utmost caution.</p>
<p> When struck by a sharp voltage spike, the electrolyte in the battery will resonate
<p> When struck by a sharp voltage spike, the electrolyte in the battery will resonate
at a certain frequency and this can also force the ions backwards. Simply put, the
battery, the motor, and the energizer will become resonant at some point, "ring" like
a
bell when we "strike" it, and in its ringing the most energy will be developed.</p>
<p>[Note: sorry I can't produce waveforms here so get the book! I will present the
<p>[Note: sorry I can't produce waveforms here so get the book! I will present the
explanation here, however]</p>
<p> The battery is really charging itself. The ions in the electrolyte are being stressed
<p> The battery is really charging itself. The ions in the electrolyte are being stressed
in a curved space and time relationship, the battery is actually forced into believing
that no work ever occured. The oscillatory action that has taken place by the en
ergizer has just pulsed our "slingshot" and immediately let go. Once this has happened,
@ -199,24 +200,24 @@ t could occur would be the controller failure due to a points faiulre (on the el
controller), or the multivibrator latched in the "on" position (again, only on the
electronic controller). Anyone studying this can see that we have used very little
energy to get to this point, and gained a lot of resonant energy in return.</p>
<p> We must remember that, if the battery is applied to the energizer longer than normal,
<p> We must remember that, if the battery is applied to the energizer longer than normal,
we must burn up the excess energy to keep the battery cool. The problem now becomes one
of embarrassing excess of energy, not a shortage.</p>
<p> The energizer is also a simple machine, but if yu want to, you can make it very
<p> The energizer is also a simple machine, but if yu want to, you can make it very
complex. The simple way is to study the alternator principles. The waves we want to
generate are like those that came from old D.C. generators with the exception of
armature
drag, bearing drag, and no excited fields. Also, we would want to cut the magnetic
fields at 90 degress to the armature. The simpler the better.</p>
<p> I am going to throw a few ideas your way. I have run some tests in my lab and
<p> I am going to throw a few ideas your way. I have run some tests in my lab and
discovered that certain types of energizers, generators, and alternators do what we
need. Also, we want to be able to tune the output of our energizer. The old D.C.
generator
puts out something very close towhat we need, except for The drag.</p>
<p> In an A.C. generator output we are going to see just what we manufacture. It would
<p> In an A.C. generator output we are going to see just what we manufacture. It would
appear that this leaves this generator out. Not really, because we can make this
generator's output change by rectifying it.</p>
<p> In looking at the A.C. generator with rectified output, we see that it could become
<p> In looking at the A.C. generator with rectified output, we see that it could become
very useful to us as an energizer, simply because it is the easiest to construct and
its principles are simple. I have done experiments with an A.C. generator using ALL
N. alligned magnets, and rectified. Most people can see that that type o alternator
@ -229,51 +230,51 @@ ng. The coils were replaced with 6 coils of approx. 200 turns of #20 wire - all
phase. Six permanent magnets are bonded to an aluminum disc. This arrangement is
basically a magneto, but will produce more amperage than ordinarily expected of a
magneto.</p>
<p>Controller Construction: Figure 2 shows the controller. It should be made of two
<p>Controller Construction: Figure 2 shows the controller. It should be made of two
coencentric circles, one with approx. 140 degrees of copper, the other, spaced far
enough from the first for a brush to be inserted between them, a full 360 degrees of
copper
. Provisions should be made to rotate the brushes in relationship to each other in order
to secure the required timing.</p>
<p>Eike Mueller</p>
<p>John Bedini found that the material generally available concerning Kromery's
<p>Eike Mueller</p>
<p>John Bedini found that the material generally available concerning Kromery's
Converter had been altered. Rebuilding the Kromery Converter from the patent papers
ended up in a non-functioning device. Bedini found the necessary modifications </p>
<p>which made this machine perform.</p>
<p>Our first goal was to determine the converters efficiency. We found this to be
<p>which made this machine perform.</p>
<p>Our first goal was to determine the converters efficiency. We found this to be
quite difficult as the efficiency changes with the load applied.</p>
<p>Figure K-1 shows the first setup we used. We drove the Kromery Converter from
<p>Figure K-1 shows the first setup we used. We drove the Kromery Converter from
a 12v motorcycle battery. We connected at the output of the converter a condenser
and a rectifier bridge in parallel. The rectified current was then put b
ack into the motorcycle battery. To detect any current flow, we connect into the
positive line a 12 V light bulb.</p>
<p>The result of this test was the light bulb was lit up. However after 15 minutes the
<p>The result of this test was the light bulb was lit up. However after 15 minutes the
batrery voltage had dropped from 11.05 V to 9.10 V. The speed of the converter
was stabale at 1020 rpm.</p>
<p>In the next test we introduced a seperate battery (battery #2) for charging from
<p>In the next test we introduced a seperate battery (battery #2) for charging from
the converter.</p>
<p>We recharged the battery #2 from 12.30 V to 12.40 V within 4 minutes, and we measured
<p>We recharged the battery #2 from 12.30 V to 12.40 V within 4 minutes, and we measured
a current flow into the battery #2 of 0.8 amperes.</p>
<p>Figure K-2 shows the second test setup. Because the kromery converter ran
<p>Figure K-2 shows the second test setup. Because the kromery converter ran
too slow on one 12 V battery, we decided to drive the converter using 24 V via tw
o 12 V batteries, connected in series.</p>
<p> Next we wanted to find a correlation between the normal charging of battery #2 using
<p> Next we wanted to find a correlation between the normal charging of battery #2 using
a commercial battery charger, and charging this same battery with the Kromery converter.
We drained the battery #2 to 8 V, connected it to the Kromery Converter, and af
ter reaching 11.51 V, we measured the time it took to charge the battery from this
voltage level of 11.51 V to 12.45 V. We reached this voltage (12.45 V) after 11
minutes. The indicated current into the battery was 0.94 A.</p>
<p>We then repeated these steps using the commercial battery charger. Because we ran out
<p>We then repeated these steps using the commercial battery charger. Because we ran out
of time after nearly 2 hours, we disconnected the battery from the charger. The
battery voltage had reached 12.41 V. The measurement is depicted in Figure K-3.</p>
<p> THE BATTERY CHARGER NEEDED 119 MINUTES</p>
<p> TO RAISE THE BATTERY VOLTAGE FROM 11.51 V TO 12.41 V
<p> THE BATTERY CHARGER NEEDED 119 MINUTES</p>
<p> TO RAISE THE BATTERY VOLTAGE FROM 11.51 V TO 12.41 V
FIGURE K - 3</p>
<p> THE KROMERY CONVERTER NEEDED 11 MINUTES</p>
<p> TO RAISE THE BATTERY VOLTAGE FROM 11.51 V TO 12.45 V</p>
<p> NOTE: The charger could not fill up the batteries
<p> THE KROMERY CONVERTER NEEDED 11 MINUTES</p>
<p> TO RAISE THE BATTERY VOLTAGE FROM 11.51 V TO 12.45 V</p>
<p> NOTE: The charger could not fill up the batteries
to 12.45 volts within two hours.</p>
<p>We wanted to find a correction factor for the Kromery Converter by comparing the
<p>We wanted to find a correction factor for the Kromery Converter by comparing the
same effect, i.e. the charging of the same battery from one specific voltage to
another specific voltage. The calculation of this factor is avilable in the book "E
xperiments with a Kromery and a Brandt-Tesla converter built by John Bedini" By Eike
@ -283,47 +284,48 @@ a
decrease in the input energy when we increased the output load, we decided to
measure the input energy and speed when the output was shorted. Again, the input energy
dropped and the speed increased.</p>
<p> Measurement No Load Loaded With Shorted Corrected
<p> Measurement No Load Loaded With Shorted Corrected
Battery Fact. 5.535
============================================================</p>
<p> Input Voltage 25.30 25.00 24.90 </p>
<p> Input Current 3.90 3.00 2.20 </p>
<p> Watts In 98.67 75.00 54.78 </p>
<p> Watts Out N/A 10.26 N/A 56.78 </p>
<p> Speed In Rev/Sec 40.00 65.00 73.00 </p>
<p> Output Voltage DC 48.00 10.80 N/A
<p> Input Voltage 25.30 25.00 24.90 </p>
<p> Input Current 3.90 3.00 2.20 </p>
<p> Watts In 98.67 75.00 54.78 </p>
<p> Watts Out N/A 10.26 N/A 56.78 </p>
<p> Speed In Rev/Sec 40.00 65.00 73.00 </p>
<p> Output Voltage DC 48.00 10.80 N/A
Output Current N/A 0.95 1.05
------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Watts In/Out N/A 7.31 N/A 1.32 </p>
<p> Table K - 1</p>
<p>Using the earlier determined correction factor of 5.535 we calculated the energy
<p> Watts In/Out N/A 7.31 N/A 1.32 </p>
<p> Table K - 1</p>
<p>Using the earlier determined correction factor of 5.535 we calculated the energy
they put into the battery to 56.78 watts (from 10.26 * 5.535). Looking at Table K-1
we see that it takes only 54.78 watts to run the Kromery Converter when the outpu
t is shorted. This result led us to continue with theese tests and load the converter
output even more. The results of these tests can be seen in Table K-2.</p>
<p>Here again, we detected that we would get a higher efficiency of the total device,
<p>Here again, we detected that we would get a higher efficiency of the total device,
the more we load down the output side. This effect is totally contradictory
to the conventional laws of physics.</p>
<p> Measurement No Load Loaded With Loaded w/ Loaded w/
<p> Measurement No Load Loaded With Loaded w/ Loaded w/
Lamp &amp; Batt 13.5 Ohms 0.63 Ohms
============================================================</p>
<p> Input Voltage 25.40 25.30 20.00 21.90 </p>
<p> Input Current 3.90 3.90 3.39 2.30 </p>
<p> Watts In 99.06 98.67 67.80 50.37 </p>
<p> Watts Out N/A 21.00 185.19 634.92 </p>
<p> Watts Out (Corrected) 116.24
<p> Input Voltage 25.40 25.30 20.00 21.90 </p>
<p> Input Current 3.90 3.90 3.39 2.30 </p>
<p> Watts In 99.06 98.67 67.80 50.37 </p>
<p> Watts Out N/A 21.00 185.19 634.92 </p>
<p> Watts Out (Corrected) 116.24
------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Resistance (Ohms) N/A N/A 13.50 0.63 </p>
<p> Output Voltage DC 48.00 28.00 50.00 20.00 </p>
<p> Output Current N/A 0.75 N/A N/A </p>
<p> Watts In/Out N/A 0.85 0.37 0.08 </p>
<p> Table K - 2</p>
<p>We used the Kromery correction factor for the First case, when we had connected the
<p> Resistance (Ohms) N/A N/A 13.50 0.63 </p>
<p> Output Voltage DC 48.00 28.00 50.00 20.00 </p>
<p> Output Current N/A 0.75 N/A N/A </p>
<p> Watts In/Out N/A 0.85 0.37 0.08 </p>
<p> Table K - 2</p>
<p>We used the Kromery correction factor for the First case, when we had connected the
battery to the converter output. We did not use this factor in both other cases when
we used resistors in the output circuit.</p>
<p>The above test results show that the efficiency of the Kromery Converter is well
<p>The above test results show that the efficiency of the Kromery Converter is well
above 100%.</p>
<p>The end. Typed by (_&gt;Shadow Hawk 1&lt;_). May be distributed anywhere as long as you keep
<p>The end. Typed by (_&gt;Shadow Hawk 1&lt;_). May be distributed anywhere as long as you keep
the credits. I dont give a shit what you do with it either.</p>
<p>DOWNLOADED FROM P-80 SYSTEMS</p>
</div>
<p>DOWNLOADED FROM P-80 SYSTEMS</p>
</div>
</xml>

18
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@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>"The Bermuda Triangle and Parapsychology" By Dave Beall</p>
<p>. Although not embraced by the parapsychological community, the Bermuda
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>"The Bermuda Triangle and Parapsychology" By Dave Beall</p>
<p>. Although not embraced by the parapsychological community, the Bermuda
Triangle phenomena is an intriguing topic to the public. Jane Roberts' Seth
claims the mysterious disappearances of ships and planes is the result of a
"coordination point", which is a place where time and space meet. Supposed
@ -9,13 +10,13 @@ energy "crystals" from the ancient culture of Atlantis, which Edgar Cayce
predicted would be discovered in the Atlantic Ocean, are suspected by some to
be responsible for the peculiar events in this region. Some individuals
consider UFOs as the source of the phenomena.</p>
<p>. A provacative theory has been proposed by geologists as a result of the
<p>. A provacative theory has been proposed by geologists as a result of the
recent discover and subsequent laboratory analysis of an ice like substance
called hydrate. A hydrate layer, formed by mixing cold sea water and natural
gas at immense pressures of the deep ocean, has been found on the ocean floor
in the triangle area, and this seal prevents natural venting of natural gas
from the large hydrocarbon desposits located there.</p>
<p>. When a large natural gas pocket is suddenly released as a result of a
<p>. When a large natural gas pocket is suddenly released as a result of a
buildup in pressure or sea floor movement (i.e. faulting), ships can be
suddenly swallowed by the foamy mixture of gas and water and temporary
"islands" as much as one mile across can be visible on neighboring ship's radar
@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ sea water rise into the atmosphere along with the lighter-than-air-gas, causing
magnetic disturbances which could disrupt compass readings in the area.
Aircraft, passing over the gas blowout, could experience engine failure due to
oxygen starvation in the gas rich air and crash without a trace.</p>
<p>. Any sinking wreckage from a plane or ship could be carried miles from the
<p>. Any sinking wreckage from a plane or ship could be carried miles from the
accident site by the strong currents in the region, before being consumed by
thick bottom muds or hydrate accumulations, leaving no evidence. The release
of trapped gas desposits ruptured by faulting in shallow ocean areas could
@ -33,11 +34,12 @@ blowout of this nature exists anywhere in the world's oceans where large
natural gas deposits are present. In the case of the Bermuda Triangle
phenomena, it would appear that a reasonable explanation has been proposed.
</p>
<p>
<p>
. Many aspects of parapsychology or related areas may not have solutions
which readily conform to known physical principles. On the other hand, many
esoteric or metaphysical ideas may someday be explainable in purely physical
terms. In an attempt to understand paranormal occurences, an individual should
remain open and objective until all of the evidence is in so that the
temptation towards premature and unfounded conclusions can be overcome. </p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Foresight Background
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Foresight Background
No. 4, Rev. 0
Copyright 1989 The Foresight Institute.
All rights reserved by the author.
Box 61058, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA</p>
<p>by Arthur Kantrowitz</p>
<p>Dartmouth College</p>
<p>"The best weapon of a dictatorship is secrecy, but the best weapon of
<p>by Arthur Kantrowitz</p>
<p>Dartmouth College</p>
<p>"The best weapon of a dictatorship is secrecy, but the best weapon of
a democracy should be the weapon of openness."</p>
<p>--Niels Bohr</p>
<p>Introduction</p>
<p>What is the "weapon of openness" and why is it the best weapon of a
<p>--Niels Bohr</p>
<p>Introduction</p>
<p>What is the "weapon of openness" and why is it the best weapon of a
democracy? Openness here means public access to the information needed
for the making of public decisions. Increased public access (i.e. less
secrecy) also gives information to adversaries, thereby increasing
@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ increased openness (i.e. less secrecy) makes to the survival of a
society. Bohr believed that the gain in strength from openness in a
democracy exceeded the gains of its adversaries, and thus openness was
a weapon.</p>
<p>This is made plausible by a Darwinian argument. Open societies evolved
<p>This is made plausible by a Darwinian argument. Open societies evolved
as fittest to survive and to reproduce themselves in an international
jungle. Thus the strength of the weapon of openness has been tested
and proven in battle and in imitation. Technology developed most
@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ vigorously in precisely those times, i.e. the industrial revolution,
and precisely those places, western Europe and America, where the
greatest openness existed. Gorbachev's glasnost is recognition that
this correlation is alive and well today.</p>
<p>Let us note immediately that secrecy and surprise are clearly
<p>Let us note immediately that secrecy and surprise are clearly
essential weapons of war and that even countries like the U.S., which
justifiably prided itself on its openness, have made great and
frequently successful efforts to use secrecy as a wartime weapon.
@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ Bohr's phrase was coined following WWII when his primary concern was
with living with nuclear weapons. This paper is concerned with the
impact of secrecy vs. openness policy on the development of military
technology in a long duration peacetime rivalry.</p>
<p>Let us also immediately note that publication is the route to all
<p>Let us also immediately note that publication is the route to all
rewards in academic science and technology. When publication is
denied, the culture changes toward the standard hierarchical culture
where rewards are dependent on finding favor with superiors. Reward
@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ through publication has been remarkably successful in stimulating
independent thinking. However, in assessing openness vs. secrecy
policy it must be borne in mind that research workers (including the
present author) start with strong biases favoring openness.</p>
<p>In contrast, secrecy insiders come from a culture where access to
<p>In contrast, secrecy insiders come from a culture where access to
deeper secrets conveys higher status. Those who "get ahead" in the
culture of secrecy understand its uses for personal advancement.
Knowledge is power, and for many insiders access to classified
@ -54,18 +55,18 @@ as endangering national security. On the other hand, to what degree
can we accept insiders' assurances that operations not subject to
public scrutiny or to free marketplace control will strengthen our
democracy?</p>
<p>My own experience relates only to secrecy in technology. Therefore I
<p>My own experience relates only to secrecy in technology. Therefore I
will not discuss such secrets as submarine positions (which seem
perfectly justifiable to me in the sense that they clearly add to our
strength) or activities which are kept secret to avoid the
difficulties of explaining policy choices to the public (which seem
disastrously divisive to me).</p>
<p>First, we offer some clues to understanding the historical military
<p>First, we offer some clues to understanding the historical military
strength of openness in long duration competition with secrecy.</p>
<p>Second, we suggest a procedure for the utilization of more openness to
<p>Second, we suggest a procedure for the utilization of more openness to
increase our strength.</p>
<p>The Strength of Openness</p>
<p> An important source of support for secrecy in technology is the
<p>The Strength of Openness</p>
<p> An important source of support for secrecy in technology is the
ancient confusion between magic and science. In many communications
addressed to laymen the terms are used almost interchangeably. Magic
depends on secrecy to create its illusions while science depends on
@ -76,13 +77,13 @@ one source of the lack of general appreciation of the power of
openness as a source of military strength. A more general
understanding of the power of openness would bolster our faith that
open societies would continue to be fittest to survive.</p>
<p>Openness is necessary for the processes of trial and the elimination
<p>Openness is necessary for the processes of trial and the elimination
of error, Sir Karl Popper's beautiful description of the mechanism of
progress in science. Let's try to understand what happens to each of
these processes in a secret project and perhaps we can shed some light
on how the peacetime military was able to justly acquire its
reputation for resistance to novelty.</p>
<p>Trial in Popper's language means receptivity to the unexpected
<p>Trial in Popper's language means receptivity to the unexpected
conjecture. There is the tradition of the young outsider challenging
the conventional wisdom. However in real life it is always difficult
for really new ideas to be heard. Such a victory is almost impossible
@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ in a hierarchical structure. The usual way a new idea can be heard is
for it to be sold first outside the hierarchy. When the project is
secret this is much more difficult, whether the inventor is inside or
outside the project.</p>
<p>Impediments to the elimination of errors will determine the pace of
<p>Impediments to the elimination of errors will determine the pace of
progress in science as they do in many other matters. It is important
here to distinguish between two types of error which I will call
ordinary and cherished errors. Ordinary errors can be corrected
@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ adversary process is conducted in open meetings or in scientific
journals. In a secret project it almost inevitably becomes a political
battle and the outcome depends on political strength, although the
rhetoric will usually employ much scientific jargon.</p>
<p>Advances in technology incorporate a planning process in addition to
<p>Advances in technology incorporate a planning process in addition to
the trial and elimination of error which is basic to all life. When
the planned advance is small the planning can be dominant, in the
sense that little new knowledge is required and no significant errors
@ -114,30 +115,30 @@ budgets are frequently related to the fact that, in selling new
programs, the importance of these unpredictable processes is not
sufficiently emphasized. More openness would reduce these
disappointments.</p>
<p>Trial and the elimination of error is essential to significant
<p>Trial and the elimination of error is essential to significant
progress in military technology, and thus both aspects of the process
by which significant progress is made in military technology are
sharply decelerated when secrecy is widespread in peacetime. Openness
accelerates progress. In peacetime military technology, openness is a
weapon. It is one clue to the survival of open societies in an
international jungle.</p>
<p>Secrecy as an Instrument of Corruption</p>
<p>The other side of the coin is the weakness which secrecy fosters as an
<p>Secrecy as an Instrument of Corruption</p>
<p>The other side of the coin is the weakness which secrecy fosters as an
instrument of corruption. This is well illustrated in Reagan's 1982
Executive Order #12356 on National Security (alarmingly tightening
secrecy) which states {Sec. 1.6(a)};</p>
<p>In no case shall information be classified in order to conceal
<p>In no case shall information be classified in order to conceal
violations of law, inefficiency, or administrative error; to prevent
embarrassment to a person, organization or agency; to restrain
competition; or to prevent or delay the release of information that
does not require protection in the interest of national security.</p>
<p>This section orders criminals not to conceal their crimes and the
<p>This section orders criminals not to conceal their crimes and the
inefficient not to conceal their inefficiency. But beyond that it
provides an abbreviated guide to the crucial roles of secrecy in the
processes whereby power corrupts and absolute power corrupts
absolutely. Corruption by secrecy is an important clue to the strength
of openness.</p>
<p>One of the most important impacts of corruption from secrecy is on the
<p>One of the most important impacts of corruption from secrecy is on the
making of major technical decisions. Any federally sponsored project
and especially a project so hotly contested as the Strategic Defense
Initiative must always keep all its constituencies in mind when making
@ -146,23 +147,23 @@ continual search for allies will be served by making a purely
technical decision one way or the other. (A purely technical decision
might determine whether money flows to Ohio or to Texas. Worse yet,
revealing technical weaknesses could impact the project budget.)</p>
<p>When this search for allies occurs in an unclassified project,
<p>When this search for allies occurs in an unclassified project,
technical criticisms, which will come from the scientific community
outside the project, must be considered. Consideration of these
criticisms can improve the decision making process dramatically by
bringing a measure of the power of the scientific method to the making
of major technical decisions.</p>
<p>In a classified project, the vested interests which grow around a
<p>In a classified project, the vested interests which grow around a
decision can frequently prevent the questioning of authority necessary
for the elimination of error. Peacetime classified projects have a
very bad record of rejecting imaginative suggestions which frequently
are very threatening to the existing political power structure.</p>
<p>When technical information is classified, public technical criticism
<p>When technical information is classified, public technical criticism
will inevitably degrade to a media contest between competing
authorities and, in the competition for attention, it will never be
clear whether politics or science is speaking. We then lose both the
power of science and the credibility of democratic process.</p>
<p>Corruption is a progressive disease. It diffuses from person to person
<p>Corruption is a progressive disease. It diffuses from person to person
across society by direct observations of its efficacy and its safety.
The efficacy of the abuse of secrecy for interagency rivalry and for
personal advancement is well illustrated by the array of abuses listed
@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ in Sec. 1.6(a). The safety of the abuse of secrecy for the abuser is
dependent upon the enforcement of the Section. As abuses spread and
become the norm, enforcibility declines and corruption diffuses more
rapidly.</p>
<p>However, diffusive processes take time to spread through an
<p>However, diffusive processes take time to spread through an
organization, and this makes it possible for secrecy to make a
significant contribution to national strength during a crisis. When a
new organization is created to respond to an emergency, as for example
@ -182,19 +183,19 @@ general belief that there is strength in secrecy rests partially on
its short-term successes. If we had entered WWII with a well-developed
secrecy system and the corruption which would have developed with
time, I am convinced that the results would have been quite different.</p>
<p>Secrecy Exacerbates Divisiveness: the SDI Example</p>
<p>Reagan's Executive Order, previously referred to, provides another
<p>Secrecy Exacerbates Divisiveness: the SDI Example</p>
<p>Reagan's Executive Order, previously referred to, provides another
clue to the power of openness. The preamble states;</p>
<p>It [this order] recognizes that it is essential that the public be
<p>It [this order] recognizes that it is essential that the public be
informed concerning the activities of its Government, but that the
interests of the United States and its citizens require that certain
information concerning the national defense and foreign relations be
protected against unauthorized disclosure.</p>
<p>The tension in this statement is not resolved in the order. It may be
<p>The tension in this statement is not resolved in the order. It may be
informative to attempt a resolution by considering a concrete example,
namely the Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI symbolizes one of the
conflicts, clearly exacerbated by secrecy, which currently divide us.</p>
<p>I would assert that there are unilateral steps toward openness which
<p>I would assert that there are unilateral steps toward openness which
we could take, and which would leave us more unified and stronger,
even if no reciprocal steps were taken by the Soviets. I propose that
we start unclassified research programs designed to provide scientific
@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ compromise classified information. Their purpose would be to provide a
knowledge base for public policy discussions. These programs would not
reveal the decisions taken secretly, but a public knowledge base would
reduce the debilitating divisiveness fostered by secrecy.</p>
<p>The Strategic Defense Initiative provides a classic example of
<p>The Strategic Defense Initiative provides a classic example of
debilitating divisiveness. Countermeasures to SDI are deeply
classified. The deadly game of countermeasures and
countercountermeasures will probably determine whether SDI is
@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ successful or a large-scale Maginot Line. At the present time,
classification of the countermeasure area trivializes the public
debate to a media battle between opposed authorities offering
conflicting interpretations of secret information.</p>
<p>An example of this game is decoying vs. discrimination. If the offense
<p>An example of this game is decoying vs. discrimination. If the offense
can proliferate a multitude of decoys which cannot be discriminated
from warheads by the defense, SDI will not succeed. Knowing a decoy
design would of course make it easier for an adversary to discriminate
@ -225,8 +226,8 @@ public that all avenues had been explored. Indeed, a substantial part
of the criticism of the feasibility of SDI turns on the possibility
that an adversary would invent a countermeasure for which we would be
unprepared.</p>
<p>The Cryptography Case: Uncoupled Open Programs</p>
<p>We can learn something about the efficiency of secret vs. open
<p>The Cryptography Case: Uncoupled Open Programs</p>
<p>We can learn something about the efficiency of secret vs. open
programs in peacetime from the objections raised by Adm. Bobby R.
Inman, former director of the National Security Agency, to open
programs in cryptography. NSA, which is a very large and very secret
@ -238,20 +239,20 @@ objections exhibit NSA's assessment that the best secret efforts, that
other countries could mount, would miss techniques which would be
revealed by even a small open uncoupled program. If this is true for
other countries is it not possible that it also applies to us?</p>
<p>Inman (1985) asserted that "There is an overlap between technical
<p>Inman (1985) asserted that "There is an overlap between technical
information and national security which inevitably produces tension.
This tension results from the scientists' desire for unrestrained
research and publication on the one hand, and the Federal Government's
need to protect certain information from potential foreign adversaries
who might use that information against this nation.</p>
<p>I would assert that uncoupled open programs (UOP) in cryptography make
<p>I would assert that uncoupled open programs (UOP) in cryptography make
America stronger. They provide early warning of the capabilities an
adversary might have in breaking our codes. There are many instances
where secret bureaucracies have disastrously overestimated the
invulnerability of their codes. In this case I see no tension between
the national interest and openness. The cryptographers have provided a
fine case study in strengthening the weapon of openness.</p>
<p>Consider then the value of starting unclassified, relatively cheap,
<p>Consider then the value of starting unclassified, relatively cheap,
academic research programs uncoupled from the classified programs.
These UOP could provide the more solid information on countermeasures
needed for an informed political decision on SDI, just as the open
@ -262,7 +263,7 @@ opportunity to make a conclusive case. On the other hand if the open
programs exhibited that SDI could deal with all the countermeasures
suggested and retain its effectiveness, its case would be
strengthened.</p>
<p>These open programs would indeed be shared with the world. They would
<p>These open programs would indeed be shared with the world. They would
strengthen the U.S. even if there were no response from the USSR by
reducing corruption by secrecy, by improving our decision making, and
by reducing our divisiveness. Undertaking such programs would exhibit
@ -272,8 +273,8 @@ More openness, reducing suspicions in areas where Americans are
divided, will do more to increase our military strength by unifying
the country and its allies than it could possibly do to increase the
military strength of its enemies.</p>
<p>The Weapon of Openness and the Future</p>
<p>Bohr's phrase which was the keynote of this article was invented in an
<p>The Weapon of Openness and the Future</p>
<p>Bohr's phrase which was the keynote of this article was invented in an
effort to adapt to the demands for social change required to live with
advancing military technology. Unfortunately Bohr's effort, to
persuade FDR and Churchhill of the desirability of more openness in
@ -283,11 +284,11 @@ science-based technology. Let's just mention three possibilities,
noting that these are only foreseeable developments and that there
will be surprises which, if the past is any guide, will be still more
important.</p>
<p>Artificial Intelligence is advancing, driven by its enormous economic
<p>Artificial Intelligence is advancing, driven by its enormous economic
potential and its challenge in understanding brain function.</p>
<p>Molecular biology and genetic engineering are creating powers beyond
<p>Molecular biology and genetic engineering are creating powers beyond
our ability to forecast limits.</p>
<p>Feynman some years ago wrote a paper entitled "There's Plenty of Room
<p>Feynman some years ago wrote a paper entitled "There's Plenty of Room
at the Bottom" pointing out that miniaturization could aspire to the
huge advances possible with the controlled assembly of individual
atoms. When the possibility of the construction of assemblers which
@ -296,13 +297,14 @@ Engines of Creation, a very large expansion of the opportunities in
atomic scale assembly were opened up. This pursuit, today known as
nanotechnology, will also be driven by the enormous advantages it
affords for health and for human welfare.</p>
<p>But each of these has possible military uses comparable in impact to
<p>But each of these has possible military uses comparable in impact to
that of nuclear weapons. With the aid of the openness provided by
satellites and arms control treaties, we have been able to live with
nuclear weapons. We will need much more openness to live with the
science-based technologies that lie ahead.</p>
<p>Dr. Kantrowitz is a professor at the Thayer School of Engineering at
<p>Dr. Kantrowitz is a professor at the Thayer School of Engineering at
Dartmouth, and former Chairman of Avco-Everett Research Lab. He
serves as an Advisor to the Foresight Institute.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> </p>
<p> The War and Peace Digest is a bimonthly international newsletter on issues
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> </p>
<p> The War and Peace Digest is a bimonthly international newsletter on issues
of disarmament, government secrecy, media accountability, the nuclear
threat (from both civilian power plants and the military weapons complex),
ecological destruction, and peaceful conflict resolution through the
@ -9,13 +10,13 @@ structures of the United Nations. If you would like to be placed on our
mailing list or receive a copy of our new information packet on nuclear
power, contact Matthew Freedman at 32 Union Square East, New York, NY
10003-3295 (Tel: 212-777-6626). </p>
<p> Contributions are always welcome. All materials may be reproduced without
<p> Contributions are always welcome. All materials may be reproduced without
permission. </p>
<p> -------------------- </p>
<p> BNL - IRAQGATE SCANDAL </p>
<p> The Chicago Connection - Bush &amp; Saddam Inc.
<p> -------------------- </p>
<p> BNL - IRAQGATE SCANDAL </p>
<p> The Chicago Connection - Bush &amp; Saddam Inc.
Key documents - sought by Gonzalez - withheld </p>
<p> With George Bush ready to take America into another war with Iraq to
<p> With George Bush ready to take America into another war with Iraq to
destroy the nuclear, chemical, biological and missiles weapons that Bush
himself helped Saddam Hussein to build, Congressmen Henry Gonzalez, the
courageous Texas Democrat who heads the House Banking Committee, continues,
@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ single-handedly, to peel back layer after layer of cover-up to reveal the
monumental proportions of the Iraqgate-BNL (Banca Nazionale Del Lavoro)
scandal that now threatens to bring down the Bush regime. But the most
explosive documents have been withheld. </p>
<p> Over the past several months Gonzalez has shown the Iraqgate-BNL scandal to be bigger than anyone had imagined. He has uncovered and
<p> Over the past several months Gonzalez has shown the Iraqgate-BNL scandal to be bigger than anyone had imagined. He has uncovered and
reported incontestable evidence that Bush and his associates secretly sold
nuclear, biological, chemical and missile-related weapons materials to
Saddam Hussein; blocked investigations into the use of such materials by
@ -32,8 +33,8 @@ deliberately falsified documents on such sales submitted to Congress and
interfered illegally to halt investigations into the criminal activities of
the BNL bank in secretly diverting American agricultural loans to buy the
weapons for Hussein. </p>
<p> BNL-BCCI Chicago Branches </p>
<p> Gonzalez has revealed a Bush policy disaster that lead to the first
<p> BNL-BCCI Chicago Branches </p>
<p> Gonzalez has revealed a Bush policy disaster that lead to the first
Gulf War and a blunder that is now costing the Americans $2 billion to pay
off the loans Bush guaranteed with U.S. taxpayersU money . Bush repeatedly
ignored warnings that Iraq would default on the loans. Now, certain key
@ -45,8 +46,8 @@ have been involved in a joint, private enterprise to skim oil profits
arising from Reagan-Bush policies toward Iraq. The documents have been
impounded by a Chicago court and Congressman Gonzalez Banking Committee
has been denied access. </p>
<p> Bush's Pennzoil Profits </p>
<p> Between 1980 and 1990 the Gulf region exported a trillion dollars
<p> Bush's Pennzoil Profits </p>
<p> Between 1980 and 1990 the Gulf region exported a trillion dollars
worth of oil to the West. Hundreds of billions of dollars in kickbacks were
involved. Some of the kickbacks were said to be handled by the BNL/BCCI
banks for Pennzoil, an oil company founded by George Bush The Pennzoil
@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ case was (is?) the target of Ross PerotUs much-denied investigation of the
Bush family and friends. Investigators believe the Chicago bank records
could help explain BushUs massive, covert military support for Iraq in the
years between 1981-1990. </p>
<p> The Chicago BNL /BCCI records could also provide clues to why the
<p> The Chicago BNL /BCCI records could also provide clues to why the
Bush Administration secretly - and possibly illegally - exempted eleven
members of the Bush cabinet from conflict of interest restrictions in their
handling of the Gulf war policy. Bush simply declared that the law
@ -62,19 +63,19 @@ regarding conflict of interest would cease to apply to his advisors on the
Gulf war policy. He then ordered that his declaration would be not be made
public. Congressman Gonzalez is now asking Bush to explain the deal. Bush
has not responded. </p>
<p> According to some investigators, the BNL-BCCI bank documents
<p> According to some investigators, the BNL-BCCI bank documents
now impounded by a Chicago judge could shed light not only on the
Iraqgate case, but on other illegal transactions including Iran-Contra,
October Surprise and the Inslaw case. In all instances monies passed
through the BNL/BCCI banking network. </p>
<p> BNL is an Italian bank now under investigation by Congress for
<p> BNL is an Italian bank now under investigation by Congress for
fraud in using loans from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to finance
IraqUs pre-war military buildup. Over the past thirty years, BNL is
suspected of involvement in a wide range of international criminal
activities. (French Intelligence investigators have even linked the bank to
large payments to certain individuals in Europe in late 1963, thought to be
associated with the John Kennedy assassination.) </p>
<p> On December 28th 1990, when Gonzalez sought the records of the
<p> On December 28th 1990, when Gonzalez sought the records of the
Chicago branch of BNL (Case number 90 C 6863 of the U.S. District Court in
Chicago: People of the State of Illinois ex re; William C. Harris v. the
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System), Gonzalez was told by
@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ Federal Judge, Brian Duff that he could not have them. Duff, a friend of
both Bush and Reagan, works closely with the Federal Reserve Bank. Duff
impounded the documents and abused GonzalezU attorney for Rbehaving like an
800 -pound gorilla.S That is when Duff impounded the records. </p>
<p> Questions abound. Suspicions arise from the fact that among
<p> Questions abound. Suspicions arise from the fact that among
officials involved in the BNL bank is Brent Scowcroft, BushUs National
Security advisor who, Gonzalez has now revealed, maintained a million-dollar financial interest in 40 of the biggest U.S. weapons companies that
profited from U.S. policies toward Iraq, including General Electric,
@ -91,26 +92,26 @@ Assistant Secretary of State Laurence Eagleberger worked closely with BNL
when he and Scowcroft were part of Henry KissingerUs consulting firm.
Kissinger was a member of the board of BNL and his firm represents BNL in
the USA. </p>
<p> BNL, P2 and the Vatican Bank </p>
<p> The BNL bank was also used for secret arms trade by the outlawed P2
<p> BNL, P2 and the Vatican Bank </p>
<p> The BNL bank was also used for secret arms trade by the outlawed P2
Masonic Lodge of Rome, whose Grandmaster, Licio Gelli is thought to have
been the mastermind behind BNLUs illegal, world-wide banking strategies,
until his arrest in 1981, for embezzling $1.5 billion from the Vatican
Bank. The Vatican Bank had close ties with BNL. Gelli was recently
sentenced to 18 years in jail for his role in the case. </p>
<p> Gelli was involved with the PopeUs banker and bodyguard, Bishop
<p> Gelli was involved with the PopeUs banker and bodyguard, Bishop
Marcinkus (formerly of Chicago) in the Vatican Bank embezzlement. When the
Italian government issued a warrant for the BishopUs arrest they were
blocked by the Vatican, which claims separate city-state authority. (The
Pope is still closely involved with Marcinkus and the Vatican Bank is still
closely associated with BNL.) </p>
<p> Bush and Gelli are friends. Gelli was guest of honor at the 1981
<p> Bush and Gelli are friends. Gelli was guest of honor at the 1981
Reagan-Bush inaugural ball. (N.Y. Times, June 4, 1981, page 7.) Kissinger
also knew Gelli. When Gelli was arrested in March, 1981, Kissinger
immediately sent an agent to Rome with $18000 to try to buy some of the
documents in the P2 case to keep them from becoming public ( In These
Times, Sept. 1982). It may be of interest that P2 had a lodge in Chicago. </p>
<p> Chicago, it is now emerging, has been the central point for vast,
<p> Chicago, it is now emerging, has been the central point for vast,
international, illegal transactions involving the BNL and BCCI banks and
secret deals with American oil companies, military manufacturers, the CIA,
and possibly U.S. politicians. (According to a London source, unreleased
@ -118,8 +119,8 @@ BCCI documents in the possession of the Bank of London list the names of
at least 105 members of U.S. Congress - of both Houses and both parties -
who have received money through the Chicago branch of BCCI. The U.S.
Federal Reserve is said to have a copy of the same secret BCCI list). </p>
<p> The Octopus </p>
<p> Just as the P2 scandal in Italy brought down the government and
<p> The Octopus </p>
<p> Just as the P2 scandal in Italy brought down the government and
destroyed hundred of careers in politics, industry and banking, so too the
BNL/BCCI - Penzzoil case could bring down the Bush administration and send
dozens of top administration officials to jail. Indeed the P2 and BNL cases
@ -130,8 +131,8 @@ is beginning to look as though the late journalist, Danny Casselaro was on
the right track at the time of his highly suspicious RsuicideS last year,
when he was investigating what he called RThe OctopusS, a vast,
interlocking, international criminal conspiracy. </p>
<p> Bush's Watergate </p>
<p> Congress is now calling for the appointment of a Special Prosecutor
<p> Bush's Watergate </p>
<p> Congress is now calling for the appointment of a Special Prosecutor
to investigate the ballooning BNL-Iraqgate case. In his insightful and
relentless reporting on the case in The New York Times, William Safire says
flatly that BNL will be BushUs Watergate. Saffire is now investigating the
@ -139,22 +140,23 @@ Chicago link to the case. (Updates on the case now appear regularly on the
recorded telephone hotlines of controversial Chicago investigator, Sherman
Scholnick of the RCommittee to Clean Up the CourtsS, who has spearheaded
his own investigation. Call: 312 - 731 1100 &amp; 312-731 1505 for five-minute recorded updates.) </p>
<p> When appointed, the Special Prosecutor in the BNL/Iraqgate case
<p> When appointed, the Special Prosecutor in the BNL/Iraqgate case
should have immediate access to all the records, including the crucial
documents now confiscated and impounded by the Chicago court. </p>
<p> When the truth of the BNL case is finally revealed, the War &amp;
<p> When the truth of the BNL case is finally revealed, the War &amp;
Peace foundation believes we will see the extent to which politics around
the world
have been corrupted by the arms trade. Iraqgate will serve as further
evidence of the need for international monitoring by the United Nations of
all weapons traffic as a first, essential step toward complete world
disarmament. </p>
<p> Ironically, as we go to press, joint efforts by both houses of
<p> Ironically, as we go to press, joint efforts by both houses of
Congress in the wake of the Iraqgate revelations to tighten restrictions on
the sale of nuclear weapons-related materials to nations like Iraq, Iran
and Syria, have provoked a threat of veto by George Bush, who argues that
such non-proliferation legislation would mean a loss of business for
American nuclear exporters! </p>
<p> ** End of text from cdp:gen.newsletter ** </p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<p> ** End of text from cdp:gen.newsletter ** </p>
<p> </p>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>THE BOHEMIAN CLUB</p>
<p> For two and a half weeks every July, two thousand of the top
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>THE BOHEMIAN CLUB</p>
<p> For two and a half weeks every July, two thousand of the top
movers and shakers in business and government attend the Bohemian
Club's summer encampment. Although highly selective, the club has
a national membership and is among the most prestigious of
@ -51,5 +52,6 @@ light show. (One can only wonder if Reagan ever starred in a Grove
play. He certainly has more acting experience than most club
members.) The polished productions cost the Bohemians as much as
$25000 -- for one performance.</p>
<p> xperience than most </p>
</div>
<p> xperience than most </p>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Path: uuwest!spies!apple!usc!samsung!uunet!isis!jsanders
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Path: uuwest!spies!apple!usc!samsung!uunet!isis!jsanders
From: jsanders@isis.cs.du.edu (Jim Sanders)
Newsgroups: alt.conspiracy
Subject: BOOK FILE! PROVES CIA-MOB-OIL-DRUG-MURDER WORLD CONSPIRACY!!!!
@ -9,19 +10,19 @@ Date: 21 Jan 91 05:42:07 GMT
Reply-To: jsanders@isis.UUCP (Jim Sanders)
Organization: Math/CS, University of Denver
Lines: 534</p>
<p>HERE IT IS -&gt; ********** THE BOOK FILE ***************</p>
<p>THE SUPER RADICAL FILE THAT USES REAL SOURCES TO DOCUMENT THE
<p>HERE IT IS -&gt; ********** THE BOOK FILE ***************</p>
<p>THE SUPER RADICAL FILE THAT USES REAL SOURCES TO DOCUMENT THE
CIA/BUXH/MOB/ILLUMINATI/OIL CO LINKS TO RAPE AND STEAL FROM WE THE PEOPLE!!!</p>
<p>A KILLER COMPANION FILE TO THIS ONE IS THE OPAL FILE - WHICH WAS POSTED TO
<p>A KILLER COMPANION FILE TO THIS ONE IS THE OPAL FILE - WHICH WAS POSTED TO
ALT.CONSPIRACY ON 1/10/91 AND AGAIN ON APPX 1/21/91.
PLEASE CROSS POST THESE FILES ON YOUR LOCAL SSYSTEM NEWS FOR ALL TO SEE THE
TRUTH BEHIND WHY WE MUST NOW DIE FOR THE SEVEN SISTERS(THE OIL COMPANIES).</p>
<p>TABLE OR CONTENTS:
<p>TABLE OR CONTENTS:
PARTI=LAWYERS/KILLER BOOKS,PARTII=MOB BOOK,PARTIII=DEA BOOK,PARTIV=ILLUMINATI.</p>
<p>PART I:</p>
<p>LAWYERS/CIA/MOB/BUSH -----&gt; RAPE/MURDER/DRUG SMUGGLE/STEAL </p>
<p>Part A:</p>
<p>Lawyers have amassed into a worldwide coalition to dominate the world in the
<p>PART I:</p>
<p>LAWYERS/CIA/MOB/BUSH -----&gt; RAPE/MURDER/DRUG SMUGGLE/STEAL </p>
<p>Part A:</p>
<p>Lawyers have amassed into a worldwide coalition to dominate the world in the
tradition of the Bavarian Illuminati. Back in the 1800's they managed to gain
control of Amerika by planting their seeds in the Executive, Legislative, and
Judicial branch of U.S. Now separation of powers of the 3 branches exists only
@ -39,11 +40,11 @@ turned US Pres! But he made a terrible mistake. He called a war on drugs,but
his CIA has imported Heroin from Asia for half a century and brought Coke into
the US on Air Amerika planes coming back from Contra Arms deliveries in Central
Amerika!</p>
<p>IMPEACH BUSH NOW - HE'S A DOPE DEALER BETTER YET HANG HIM HIGH FOR TREASON for
<p>IMPEACH BUSH NOW - HE'S A DOPE DEALER BETTER YET HANG HIM HIGH FOR TREASON for
working in the CIA when they killed Kennedy so they could escalate the Viet
Nam War and sell heroin to soldiers and JP4 fuel and military jets/helicopters
to U.S. TAXPAYERS! </p>
<p>**** SEND THIS TO YOUR FRIENDS AND CONGRESSMAN/WOMAN AND TELL HER/HIM YOU WANT
<p>**** SEND THIS TO YOUR FRIENDS AND CONGRESSMAN/WOMAN AND TELL HER/HIM YOU WANT
BUSH IMPEACHED TODAY AND NO EXCUSES !!!
BESIDES, QUALE WOULD HAVE TROUBLE ESCALATING A BAR FIGHT BY DIALING 911
- HE COULDN'T START A WAR!!!
@ -52,10 +53,10 @@ ROUND FILED, THE CIA WOULD HAVE TO ASSASINATE QUALE)
______________________________________________
| WHAT FOLLOWS ARE EXPLANATIONS AND SOURCES:
|______________________________________________|</p>
<p>Part B:(Some facts and logical conclusions about lawyers)</p>
<p> "AN AMERICAN TYRANNY,"
<p>Part B:(Some facts and logical conclusions about lawyers)</p>
<p> "AN AMERICAN TYRANNY,"
by David C. Morrow:</p>
<p>LAWYERS MAKE THE LAWS, JUDGE THE LAWS, BREAK THE LAWS, FUDGE THE LAWS
<p>LAWYERS MAKE THE LAWS, JUDGE THE LAWS, BREAK THE LAWS, FUDGE THE LAWS
----------------&gt; SHOULDN'T THIS CHANGE?
Slave owners often helped themselves to their female property and medieval
lords showed their ability to dominate and degrade by having serfs' brides
@ -91,9 +92,9 @@ More recently, victims of violent crimes by repeat offenders have begun to
speak out against lenient judges and parole boards who do not keep dangerous
offenders locked up. Each retrial means money for lawyers, judges and a host of
court employees, and who better to guarantee retrials than habitual criminals?</p>
<p>"SINCE LAWYERS OCCUPY ALL BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT,
<p>"SINCE LAWYERS OCCUPY ALL BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT,
THE SEPARATION OF POWER EXISTS ONLY ON PAPER!!!"</p>
<p> To test the lawyer conspiracy theory a few years ago, I sent to various
<p> To test the lawyer conspiracy theory a few years ago, I sent to various
state legislatures for copies of their statistics. While Idaho listed only
eight of 105 legislators as lawyers in 1983, I discovered that in Wisconsin,
for example, eleven of thirty-one senators and twelve of ninety-nine
@ -127,10 +128,10 @@ office should be extremely severe.
With these and other measures that may be found useful, we can enter the next
century with few social problems, a very high standard of public morality, and
with crimes violent and victimless under a functional measure of control.</p>
<p>&lt;--REPRINT FROM NOMOS, Vol. 7, #'s 2 &amp; 3, Nomos Press, Inc. 9857 S. Damen Ave.,
<p>&lt;--REPRINT FROM NOMOS, Vol. 7, #'s 2 &amp; 3, Nomos Press, Inc. 9857 S. Damen Ave.,
Chicago, IL 60643, 1 year subscription of 4 issues costs $15 (Never mail cash)</p>
<p>Part C:(Some more facts about lawyers and Mr. CIA dude(G.BUSH!))</p>
<p>In the early 1800's, the professional politicians took over this country and
<p>Part C:(Some more facts about lawyers and Mr. CIA dude(G.BUSH!))</p>
<p>In the early 1800's, the professional politicians took over this country and
public office went from "A duty and a privilege" to a profession. A
professional politician must be a master of words. A lawyer's rhetoric is as
effective as a 357 magnum. Who better to pull off the bloodless coup. Or has it
@ -204,11 +205,11 @@ are all available at a good college or city library to read for free! Just when
Iraq grabbed the headlines months ago, the Gannett news agency reported in a
small article that mostly Texans including G.Bush received over 500000 bucks
from failing S&amp;L's. Great smokescreen(sandscreen) George! </p>
<p> Oh, and Bush is a life member of the "Skull and Crossbones Club" which is
<p> Oh, and Bush is a life member of the "Skull and Crossbones Club" which is
the American equivalent of the Bavarian Illuminati - the motto of which falls
along the lines of "secrecy or death!" These secret sects were formed by
Lawyers as far back as 1776 to dominate, manipulate and tax the masses!</p>
<p>Part D(Conclusion:)
<p>Part D(Conclusion:)
We the people could all have 2 day work weeks if $.60 out of every $1.00 we
spend did not pay for energy costs they have assessed us soley for their own
gains-this alone is multiple felony counts of interstate fraud/mail fraud by
@ -236,29 +237,29 @@ tampering with our government for their own personal gains!
With such a system, we no longer would have the personal conflicts of
interest that we presently have with our leaders who are so economically tied
to world events and whose "solutions" are now tainted by such events.</p>
<p>PART II:</p>
<p>HOW POLITICIANS/ILLUNINATI USE MAFIAS TO DO THERE DIRTY WORK:</p>
<p>"CONTRACT ON AMERICA" =superexpose on mob/cia/illuminati JFK,King,Malcm X hits!</p>
<p>Well go to a good bookstore and aquire the book "Contract On America" by
<p>PART II:</p>
<p>HOW POLITICIANS/ILLUNINATI USE MAFIAS TO DO THERE DIRTY WORK:</p>
<p>"CONTRACT ON AMERICA" =superexpose on mob/cia/illuminati JFK,King,Malcm X hits!</p>
<p>Well go to a good bookstore and aquire the book "Contract On America" by
David E Scheim. Paperback versions have 624 pages and cost 4.95 US bux.
This is probably the best single source on "the conspiracy" by our governent
to work with the Mob to take over the U.S.A. and run it for their personal
profit.</p>
<p>Chapter 21 "More Assassinations"
<p>Chapter 21 "More Assassinations"
Documents how the Mob killed Martin Luther/Malcom X because the two had
begun to expose how much the Mob profitted off of ghetto Blacks by
selling drugs to the poor People!</p>
<p>Chapter 22 "Richard Nixon and the Mob."
<p>Chapter 22 "Richard Nixon and the Mob."
This chapter documents a multitude of conections between Nixon and
the Mob/Hoffa/Teamsters/and relatives of such.
(in my opinion, Nixon was one of the fuckin greasyest, slimyest, scum
buckets who pretended to work for the People as a "politician" -
- next to Rea-gun and Bush-wacker of course!)</p>
<p>Chapter 23 "The Reagan Administration"</p>
<p>Obviously deals with CIA/Mob connections that Reagan and his cronies like
<p>Chapter 23 "The Reagan Administration"</p>
<p>Obviously deals with CIA/Mob connections that Reagan and his cronies like
G.Bush had in those 8 years of blood sucking!</p>
<p>And now for a quote from page 257 of "Contract On America" (read it and weep)</p>
<p> "Organized crime involves itself in the life of every single human being.
<p>And now for a quote from page 257 of "Contract On America" (read it and weep)</p>
<p> "Organized crime involves itself in the life of every single human being.
It causes prices to be raised; it affects your pocketbook when you go to a
laundry or dry cleaner; the price you pay for food in the market. I have
been involved in and know of bad meat being purchased, unfit for human
@ -271,12 +272,12 @@ a period of years, melted with lye. I sat and heard the voices at dinner
talking over murdering a 12-year-old child and burying bodies in New Jersey...
Narcotics, manipulation of businesses that cause prices to spiral, we can
go on for a long, long time. . . .It goes on and on.</p>
<p> Mob defector Gerald Zelmanowitz, testifying
<p> Mob defector Gerald Zelmanowitz, testifying
in 1973 before a U.S. Senate committee"</p>
<p>BUSH &amp; THE MOB:</p>
<p>page 594 states "Gelli is also "very well aquainted with Vice-President-Bush."
<p>BUSH &amp; THE MOB:</p>
<p>page 594 states "Gelli is also "very well aquainted with Vice-President-Bush."
(in Mobese this translates to "the two fuckin worked together")</p>
<p>page367 states "On August 2, 1980, as resort-bound Italian and foreign tourists
<p>page367 states "On August 2, 1980, as resort-bound Italian and foreign tourists
crowded Italy's Bologna R.R. station, a massive bomb ripped through a waiting
room. The explosion left 85 dead and 200 others injured. It was the worst
terrorist strike in postwar Europe....
@ -309,34 +310,34 @@ biggest peacetime weapons buildup in U.S. history was conducted. This obsessive
reliance on weaponry was no better exhibited than in the 1985 covert U.S. arms
sale to Iran - obstensibly a good-will gesture - while that nation was known
to be sponsoring terrorism against Amerikan citizens."</p>
<p>Borrow or buy this book and learn even more! It has pictures, and it seems as
<p>Borrow or buy this book and learn even more! It has pictures, and it seems as
though every other sentence is documented with footnotes referencing hard core
sources!</p>
<p>_____</p>
<p>PART III:</p>
<p>*** NEW DRUGWAR COUNTERINSURGENCY MANUAL - "DEEP COVER": ***</p>
<p>"Deep Cover", by Michael Levine (an expose of the
<p>_____</p>
<p>PART III:</p>
<p>*** NEW DRUGWAR COUNTERINSURGENCY MANUAL - "DEEP COVER": ***</p>
<p>"Deep Cover", by Michael Levine (an expose of the
phony drug war by a former undercover operative)
is out in paperback for $6.00. Seems pretty good
reading, and should provide lots of ammunition for
those of us trying to end this "drug war" madness.</p>
<p>(Standard plug: legalized drugs could bring in on
<p>(Standard plug: legalized drugs could bring in on
the order of $100 *BILLION* a year in tax revenues,
the best chance to reduce the deficit and pull us
out of the recession. Currently that money is going
overseas to 3rd world drug producers.)</p>
<p>Quote from the book: " ... the secret agencies that
<p>Quote from the book: " ... the secret agencies that
really pull the strings of foreign policy believe that
our two-hundred-BILLION-dollar-a-year drug habit is a
necessary subsidy to keep the millions of poor in Third
World countries from turning to communism ..."</p>
<p>"Once lead the American people into war, and they'll forget there
<p>"Once lead the American people into war, and they'll forget there
ever was such a thing as tolerance. To fight you must be brutal
and ruthless, and the spirit of ruthless brutality will enter into
every fiber of our national life ..." --- President Woodrow Wilson</p>
<p>PART IV:</p>
<p>ILLUMINATI DIRECTLY LINKED TO CURRENT WORLD EVENTS BY VICTORY CHART:</p>
<p>Hell, I'm Jewish, but it sure as hell to me looks like international
<p>PART IV:</p>
<p>ILLUMINATI DIRECTLY LINKED TO CURRENT WORLD EVENTS BY VICTORY CHART:</p>
<p>Hell, I'm Jewish, but it sure as hell to me looks like international
banking is a Religious plot to rule the world. After all, the
major International Banks are owned by three Jewish families, the
Rosenthauls, the Rockefellers, and the Rothschilds! New York City was
@ -344,11 +345,11 @@ owned by 'em until the Japs bought them out! Read a book by a former
Moussad operative(Israeli SS) called "Moussad" to become more enlightened about
this matter! And order the best single source on the Illuminati for *FREE*
by asking for the "Rise and Power of the International Bankers" chart from:</p>
<p> VICTORY BAPTIST CHURCH
<p> VICTORY BAPTIST CHURCH
900 46TH AVENUE
EAST MOLINE, IL 61244 </p>
<p>(Summary of just one-hundredth of the chart is found at end of this document.)</p>
<p>Jayne's book and I&amp;O Publishing out of Boulder City Nevada will illustrate that
<p>(Summary of just one-hundredth of the chart is found at end of this document.)</p>
<p>Jayne's book and I&amp;O Publishing out of Boulder City Nevada will illustrate that
whenever a bunch of religious fanatics do something, they ruin things for all
others. Take the Pope's overpopulation of the earth for example, or the
crusades, or the Koran's evil followers in Arabia. Every time We the People
@ -358,8 +359,8 @@ literature cause they are involved with the Freedom Movement who, yes, are a
little fanatical, but they are the only ones around who will stand up to
the B.S. that has suppressed so many others, and are the only ones who dare
expose the Illuminati and live to talk about it!</p>
<p>NOW FOR THE SUM OF A MAN'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE ILLUMINATI:</p>
<p>These folks are more secret than Moussad(the Israeli SS) who is the
<p>NOW FOR THE SUM OF A MAN'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE ILLUMINATI:</p>
<p>These folks are more secret than Moussad(the Israeli SS) who is the
undisputed ultimate "secret agent men/women" experts of the world.
Therefore, you will find no reliable sources of information on them.
@ -416,33 +417,33 @@ This might explain the agitation I evoked in the fellow!
It might be fun to know more about these fellow, but you now know all you
need to know, except their names. Search and destroy! </p>
<p>The Illuminati was formed by the creme de la creme of Europe's most powerful
<p>The Illuminati was formed by the creme de la creme of Europe's most powerful
aristocrats to perpetuate its iron grip on the peasants, to maintain the status
quo, to keep the rich rich, and the poor masses poor.</p>
<p>J.Jaynes book, "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown Of the Bicameral
<p>J.Jaynes book, "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown Of the Bicameral
Mind," explains how for thousands of years, the masses have been hypnotized
into not thinking for themselves by Illuminati like leaders who use mysticism,
religion, music and propaganda to accomplish this. A person can still do very
hard organized work for these manipulators and actually still not ever think in
a non-bicameral or enlightened state of mind. This has allowed the world's
sadistic, oppressive leaders to screw us for 1000's of years.</p>
<p>It appears that the illuminati had penetrated U.S. government from the
<p>It appears that the illuminati had penetrated U.S. government from the
beginning. The Illuminati was formed in 1776 by a lawyer in Bavaria.
These esquires snaked their way into the womb of Amerika from the getgo!
I find it revolting and an infinite slap in the face to see lawyers' own symbol
of economic repression on the very money we get shafted for by these leach
lawyers daily. </p>
<p>(In 1776 The European Economic Community (the aristocracy) worried quite
<p>(In 1776 The European Economic Community (the aristocracy) worried quite
a bit when WE told England to get the Hell outta here, so naturally they
regrouped and formed the Illuminati to deal with US and prevent future colonies
from being so eager to toss the king's tea taxes overboard!)</p>
<p>ACCORDING TO THE RISE AND POWER OF THE INTERNATIONAL BANKERS CHART:</p>
<p>Beginning in 1795, five of the Rothschild's sons were sent to five different
<p>ACCORDING TO THE RISE AND POWER OF THE INTERNATIONAL BANKERS CHART:</p>
<p>Beginning in 1795, five of the Rothschild's sons were sent to five different
European countries, were the Illuminati/World Banker scam started to spread
in Germany, Vienna, England, Italy, and France. This put them in the top five
countries, where they soon rose to positions of immense power and influence.
Thus the manipulation of global affairs began!</p>
<p>The 10 commandments of the Illuminati are:
<p>The 10 commandments of the Illuminati are:
1 - Abolish land ownership.
2 - Taxation of the people.
3 - Abolish all rights of inheritance.
@ -454,17 +455,17 @@ Thus the manipulation of global affairs began!</p>
9 - Distribution of the population.
10 - Free education to all in "public" schools.
(Sounds like bigbro ta me, Booboo!)</p>
<p>The chart shows that in 1798 the following 3 things occurred:
<p>The chart shows that in 1798 the following 3 things occurred:
1 - Washington warned of the danger of the Illuminati.
2 - Jefferson wrote to John Adams stating that he agreed with
him that the international bankers were more powerful and
dangerous than standing armies.
3 - Professor John Robinson exposed it in his book, " PROOFS OF
A CONSPIRACY."</p>
<p>And then in 1836, Andrew Jackson abolished the central bank. If this
<p>And then in 1836, Andrew Jackson abolished the central bank. If this
measure had not been taken, America would have fallen to the
International bankers at this time.</p>
<p>NOTE: the last 40 lines were 1% of the data on the chart showing the
<p>NOTE: the last 40 lines were 1% of the data on the chart showing the
Illuminati's links and activities as "Control," which appears
to be their new name. Get the damn chart - I don't care what
you think of Baptists, these folks are just helping us now!
@ -479,4 +480,5 @@ __ .__
DON'T TREAD ON ME!
|____________________|
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> Feel free to copy this article far and wide, but please
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> Feel free to copy this article far and wide, but please
keep my name and this sentence on it.</p>
<p> The Bill of Rights, a Status Report
<p> The Bill of Rights, a Status Report
by Eric Postpischil</p>
<p> 4 September 1990</p>
<p> 6 Hamlett Drive, Apt. 17
<p> 4 September 1990</p>
<p> 6 Hamlett Drive, Apt. 17
Nashua, NH 03062</p>
<p> edp@jareth.enet.dec.com</p>
<p> How many rights do you have? You should check, because it
<p> edp@jareth.enet.dec.com</p>
<p> How many rights do you have? You should check, because it
might not be as many today as it was a few years ago, or
even a few months ago. Some people I talk to are not
concerned that police will execute a search warrant without
@ -19,19 +20,19 @@ current events together, there is information that may be
surprising to people who have not yet been concerned: The
amount of the Bill of Rights that is under attack is
alarming.</p>
<p> Let's take a look at the Bill of Rights and see which
<p> Let's take a look at the Bill of Rights and see which
aspects are being pushed on or threatened. The point here
is not the degree of each attack or its rightness or
wrongness, but the sheer number of rights that are under
attack.</p>
<p> Amendment I</p>
<p> Congress shall make no law respecting an
<p> Amendment I</p>
<p> Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom
of speech, or of the press; or the right of the
people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the
Government for a redress of grievances.</p>
<p> ESTABLISHING RELIGION: While campaigning for his first
<p> ESTABLISHING RELIGION: While campaigning for his first
term, George Bush said "I don't know that atheists should
be considered as citizens, nor should they be considered
patriots." Bush has not retracted, commented on, or
@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ you are not a citizen. Federal, state, and local
governments also promote a particular religion (or,
occasionally, religions) by spending public money on
religious displays.</p>
<p> FREE EXERCISE OF RELIGION: Robert Newmeyer and Glenn
<p> FREE EXERCISE OF RELIGION: Robert Newmeyer and Glenn
Braunstein were jailed in 1988 for refusing to stand in
respect for a judge. Braunstein says the tradition of
rising in court started decades ago when judges entered
@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ Braunstein says there is no reason to stand -- and his
Bible tells him to honor no other God. For this religious
practice, Newmeyer and Braunstein were jailed and are now
suing.</p>
<p> FREE SPEECH: We find that technology has given the
<p> FREE SPEECH: We find that technology has given the
government an excuse to interfere with free speech.
Claiming that radio frequencies are a limited resource, the
government tells broadcasters what to say (such as news and
@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ public and local service programming) and what not to say
Commission [FCC]). The FCC is investigating Boston PBS
station WGBH-TV for broadcasting photographs from the
Mapplethorpe exhibit.</p>
<p> FREE SPEECH: There are also laws to limit political
<p> FREE SPEECH: There are also laws to limit political
statements and contributions to political activities. In
1985, the Michigan Chamber of Commerce wanted to take out
an advertisement supporting a candidate in the state house
@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ for the Sierra Club, the American Civil Liberties Union, or
the Chamber of Commerce to advise the public how a
candidate voted on issues of urgent concern to their
members.</p>
<p> FREE PRESS: As in speech, technology has provided another
<p> FREE PRESS: As in speech, technology has provided another
excuse for government intrusion in the press. If you
distribute a magazine electronically and do not print
copies, the government doesn't consider you a press and
@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ cooperated with authorities fully. In return, the Secret
Service (SS) confiscated Andrews' computer along with all
the mail and data that were on it. Andrews was not charged
with any crime.</p>
<p> FREE PRESS: In another incident that would be comical if
<p> FREE PRESS: In another incident that would be comical if
it were not true, on March 1 the SS ransacked the offices
of Steve Jackson Games (SJG); irreparably damaged property;
and confiscated three computers, two laser printers,
@ -108,11 +109,11 @@ futuristic world, with no technical information of actual
use with real computers, nor is it played on computers.
The SS never filed any charges against SJG but still
refused to return confiscated property.</p>
<p> PEACEABLE ASSEMBLY: The right to assemble peaceably is no
<p> PEACEABLE ASSEMBLY: The right to assemble peaceably is no
longer free -- you have to get a permit. Even that is not
enough; some officials have to be sued before they realize
their reasons for denying a permit are not Constitutional.</p>
<p> PEACEABLE ASSEMBLY: In Alexandria, Virginia, there is a
<p> PEACEABLE ASSEMBLY: In Alexandria, Virginia, there is a
law that prohibits people from loitering for more than
seven minutes and exchanging small objects. Punishment is
two years in jail. Consider the scene in jail: "What'd
@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ bus stops by police officers. Sherman Jones, also 15, was
accosted with a police officer's hands around his neck
after putting the last bit of pizza crust into his mouth.
The police suspected him of hiding drugs.</p>
<p> PETITION FOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES: Rounding out the
<p> PETITION FOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES: Rounding out the
attacks on the first amendment, there is a sword hanging
over the right to petition for redress of grievances.
House Resolution 4079, the National Drug and Crime
@ -131,11 +132,11 @@ Emergency Act, tries to "modify" the right to habeas
corpus. It sets time limits on the right of people in
custody to petition for redress and also limits the courts
in which such an appeal may be heard.</p>
<p> Amendment II</p>
<p> A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the
<p> Amendment II</p>
<p> A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the
security of a free State, the right of the people
to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.</p>
<p> RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS: This amendment is so commonly
<p> RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS: This amendment is so commonly
challenged that the movement has its own name: gun
control. Legislation banning various types of weapons is
supported with the claim that the weapons are not for
@ -153,17 +154,17 @@ internal oppressors. It is an unfortunate fact of life
that the guns that would be needed to defend the security
of a state are guns to attack people, not guns for sporting
purposes.</p>
<p> Firearms regulations also empower local officials, such as
<p> Firearms regulations also empower local officials, such as
police chiefs, to grant or deny permits. This results in
towns where only friends of people in the right places are
granted permits, or towns where women are generally denied
the right to carry a weapon for self-defense.</p>
<p> Amendment III</p>
<p> No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered
<p> Amendment III</p>
<p> No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered
in any house, without the consent of the Owner,
nor in time of war, but in a manner to be
prescribed by law.</p>
<p> QUARTERING SOLDIERS: This amendment is fairly clean so
<p> QUARTERING SOLDIERS: This amendment is fairly clean so
far, but it is not entirely safe. Recently, 200 troops in
camouflage dress with M-16s and helicopters swept through
Kings Ridge National Forest in Humboldt County, California.
@ -172,15 +173,15 @@ days, soldiers assaulted people on private land with M-16s
and barred them from their own property. This might not be
a direct hit on the third amendment, but the disregard for
private property is uncomfortably close.</p>
<p> Amendment IV</p>
<p> The right of the people to be secure in their
<p> Amendment IV</p>
<p> The right of the people to be secure in their
persons, houses, papers and effects, against
unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be
violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon
probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation,
and particularly describing the place to be
searched, and the persons or things to be seized.</p>
<p> RIGHT TO BE SECURE IN PERSONS, HOUSES, PAPERS AND EFFECTS
<p> RIGHT TO BE SECURE IN PERSONS, HOUSES, PAPERS AND EFFECTS
AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCHES AND SEIZURES: The RICO law
is making a mockery of the right to be secure from seizure.
Entire stores of books or videotapes have been confiscated
@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ NO WARRANTS SHALL ISSUE, BUT UPON PROBABLE CAUSE, SUPPORTED
BY OATH OR AFFIRMATION: As a supporting oath or
affirmation, reports of anonymous informants are accepted.
This practice has been condoned by the Supreme Court.</p>
<p> PARTICULARLY DESCRIBING THE PLACE TO BE SEARCHED AND
<p> PARTICULARLY DESCRIBING THE PLACE TO BE SEARCHED AND
PERSONS OR THINGS TO BE SEIZED: Today's warrants do not
particularly describe the things to be seized -- they list
things that might be present. For example, if police are
@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ searched for and seized. This is done not because the
police know of any weapons and can particularly describe
them, but because they allege people with drugs often have
weapons.</p>
<p> Both of the above apply to the warrant the Hudson, New
<p> Both of the above apply to the warrant the Hudson, New
Hampshire, police used when they broke down Bruce Lavoie's
door at 5 a.m. with guns drawn and shot and killed him.
The warrant claimed information from an anonymous
@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ to be seized. The mention of guns in the warrant was used
as reason to enter with guns drawn. Bruce Lavoie had no
guns. Bruce Lavoie was not secure from unreasonable search
and seizure -- nor is anybody else.</p>
<p> Other infringements on the fourth amendment include
<p> Other infringements on the fourth amendment include
roadblocks and the Boston Police detention of people based
on colors they are wearing (supposedly indicating gang
membership). And in Pittsburgh again, Eugene Tyler was
@ -242,8 +243,8 @@ once searched because he was wearing sweat pants and a
plaid shirt -- police told him they heard many drug dealers
at that time were wearing sweat pants and plaid shirts.
</p>
<p> Amendment V</p>
<p> No person shall be held to answer for a capital,
<p> Amendment V</p>
<p> No person shall be held to answer for a capital,
or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a
presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except
in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or
@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or
property, without due process of law; nor shall
private property be taken for public use without
just compensation.</p>
<p> INDICTMENT OF A GRAND JURY: Kevin Bjornson has been
<p> INDICTMENT OF A GRAND JURY: Kevin Bjornson has been
proprietor of Hydro-Tech for nearly a decade and is a
leading authority on hydroponic technology and cultivation.
On October 26, 1989, both locations of Hydro-Tech were
@ -277,12 +278,12 @@ bank accounts were still frozen and none of the inventories
or records had been returned. Grand juries refused to
indict Bjornson, but the government is still penalizing
him.</p>
<p> TWICE PUT IN JEOPARDY OF LIFE OR LIMB: Members of the
<p> TWICE PUT IN JEOPARDY OF LIFE OR LIMB: Members of the
McMartin family in California have been tried two or three
times for child abuse. Anthony Barnaby was tried for
murder (without evidence linking him to the crime) three
times before New Hampshire let him go.</p>
<p> COMPELLED TO BE A WITNESS AGAINST HIMSELF: Oliver North
<p> COMPELLED TO BE A WITNESS AGAINST HIMSELF: Oliver North
was forced to testify against himself. Congress granted
him immunity from having anything he said to them being
used as evidence against him, and then they required him to
@ -290,7 +291,7 @@ talk. After he did so, what he said was used to find other
evidence which was used against him. The courts also play
games where you can be required to testify against yourself
if you testify at all.</p>
<p> COMPELLED TO BE A WITNESS AGAINST HIMSELF: In the New York
<p> COMPELLED TO BE A WITNESS AGAINST HIMSELF: In the New York
Central Park assault case, three people were found guilty
of assault. But there was no physical evidence linking
them to the crime; semen did not match any of the
@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ McCray "confessed" after his father told him to, so that
police would release him. These people were coerced into
bearing witness against themselves, and those confessions
were used to convict them.</p>
<p> COMPELLED TO BE A WITNESS AGAINST HIMSELF: Your answers to
<p> COMPELLED TO BE A WITNESS AGAINST HIMSELF: Your answers to
Census questions are required by law, with a $100 penalty
for each question not answered. But people have been
evicted for giving honest Census answers. According to the
@ -348,8 +349,8 @@ The victims are required to prove not only that they are
not guilty of a crime, but that they are entitled to their
property. Otherwise, the government auctions off the
property and keeps the proceeds.</p>
<p> Amendment VI</p>
<p> In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall
<p> Amendment VI</p>
<p> In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall
enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by
an impartial jury of the State and district
wherein the crime shall have been committed,
@ -390,7 +391,7 @@ against Mexican gynecologist Dr. Humberto Alvarez Machain
on the grounds that the doctor was illegally abducted from
his Guadalajara office in April and turned over to US
authorities.</p>
<p> TO BE INFORMED OF THE NATURE AND CAUSE OF THE ACCUSATION:
<p> TO BE INFORMED OF THE NATURE AND CAUSE OF THE ACCUSATION:
Steve Jackson Games, nearly put out of business by the raid
described previously, has been stonewalled by the SS. "For
the past month or so these guys have been insisting the
@ -405,11 +406,11 @@ order of the court and remained sealed at last report, in
July. Not only has the SS taken property and nearly
destroyed a publisher, it will not even explain the nature
and cause of the accusations that led to the raid.</p>
<p> TO BE CONFRONTED WITH THE WITNESSES AGAINST HIM: The courts
<p> TO BE CONFRONTED WITH THE WITNESSES AGAINST HIM: The courts
are beginning to play fast and loose with the right to
confront witnesses. Watch out for anonymous witnesses and
videotaped testimony.</p>
<p> TO HAVE COMPULSORY PROCESS FOR OBTAINING WITNESSES: Ronald
<p> TO HAVE COMPULSORY PROCESS FOR OBTAINING WITNESSES: Ronald
Reagan resisted submitting to subpoena and answering
questions about Irangate, claiming matters of national
security and executive privilege. A judge had to dismiss
@ -418,33 +419,33 @@ government refused to provide information subpoenaed by the
defendants. And one wonders if the government would go
to the same lengths to obtain witnesses for Manuel Noriega
as it did to capture him.</p>
<p> TO HAVE THE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL: The right to assistance
<p> TO HAVE THE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL: The right to assistance
of counsel took a hit recently. Connecticut Judge Joseph
Sylvester is refusing to assign public defenders to people
ACCUSED of drug-related crimes, including drunk driving.</p>
<p> TO HAVE THE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL: RICO is also affecting
<p> TO HAVE THE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL: RICO is also affecting
the right to have the assistance of counsel. The
government confiscates the money of an accused person,
which leaves them unable to hire attorneys. The IRS has
served summonses nationwide to defense attorneys, demanding
the names of clients who paid cash for fees exceeding
$10000.</p>
<p> Amendment VII</p>
<p> In Suits at common law, where the value in
<p> Amendment VII</p>
<p> In Suits at common law, where the value in
controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the
right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no
fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise
reexamined in any Court of the United States,
than according to the rules of common law.</p>
<p> RIGHT OF TRIAL BY JURY IN SUITS AT COMMON LAW: This is a
<p> RIGHT OF TRIAL BY JURY IN SUITS AT COMMON LAW: This is a
simple right; so far the government has not felt threatened
by it and has not made attacks on it that I am aware of.
This is our only remaining safe haven in the Bill of Rights.</p>
<p> Amendment VIII</p>
<p> Excessive bail shall not be required, nor
<p> Amendment VIII</p>
<p> Excessive bail shall not be required, nor
excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual
punishments inflicted.</p>
<p> EXCESSIVE BAIL AND FINES: Tallahatchie County in
<p> EXCESSIVE BAIL AND FINES: Tallahatchie County in
Mississippi charges ten dollars a day to each person who
spends time in the jail, regardless of the length of stay
or the outcome of their trial. This means innocent people
@ -453,14 +454,14 @@ days trying to raise $2500 bail on an assault charge. But
after he made that bail, he was kept imprisoned because he
could not pay the $900 rent Tallahatchie demanded. Nine
former inmates are suing the county for this practice.</p>
<p> CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTS: House Resolution 4079
<p> CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTS: House Resolution 4079
sticks its nose in here too: "... a Federal court shall
not hold prison or jail crowding unconstitutional under the
eighth amendment except to the extent that an individual
plaintiff inmate proves that the crowding causes the
infliction of cruel and unusual punishment of that
inmate."</p>
<p> CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTS: A life sentence for selling
<p> CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTS: A life sentence for selling
a quarter of a gram of cocaine for $20 -- that is what
Ricky Isom was sentenced to in February in Cobb County,
Georgia. It was Isom's second conviction in two years, and
@ -470,21 +471,21 @@ Cauthorn expressed grave reservations before sentencing
Isom and Douglas Rucks (convicted of selling 3.5 grams of
cocaine in a separate but similar case). Judge Cauthorn
called the sentences "Draconian."</p>
<p> Amendment IX</p>
<p> The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain
<p> Amendment IX</p>
<p> The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain
rights, shall not be construed to deny or
disparage others retained by the people.</p>
<p> OTHER RIGHTS RETAINED BY THE PEOPLE: This amendment is so
<p> OTHER RIGHTS RETAINED BY THE PEOPLE: This amendment is so
weak today that I will ask not what infringements there are
on it but rather what exercise of it exists at all? What
law can you appeal to a court to find you not guilty of
violating because the law denies a right retained by you?</p>
<p> Amendment X</p>
<p> The powers not delegated to the United States by
<p> Amendment X</p>
<p> The powers not delegated to the United States by
the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the
States, are reserved to the States respectively,
or to the people.</p>
<p> POWERS RESERVED TO THE STATES OR THE PEOPLE: This
<p> POWERS RESERVED TO THE STATES OR THE PEOPLE: This
amendment is also weak, although it is not so nonexistent
as the ninth amendment. But few states set their own speed
limits or drinking age limits. Today, we mostly think of
@ -496,7 +497,7 @@ uses financial incentives to get states to set specific
penalties for certain crimes. Making their own laws
certainly must be considered a right of the states, and
this right is being infringed upon.</p>
<p> Out of ten amendments, nine are under attack, most of them
<p> Out of ten amendments, nine are under attack, most of them
under multiple attacks of different natures, and some of
them under a barrage. If this much of the Bill of Rights
is threatened, how can you be sure your rights are safe? A
@ -504,7 +505,7 @@ right has to be there when you need it. Like insurance,
you cannot afford to wait until you need it and then set
about procuring it or ensuring it is available. Assurance
must be made in advance.</p>
<p> The bottom line here is that your rights are not safe. You
<p> The bottom line here is that your rights are not safe. You
do not know when one of your rights will be violated. A
number of rights protect accused persons, and you may think
it is not important to protect the rights of criminals.
@ -516,4 +517,5 @@ they are justly entitled. To preserve our rights for
ourselves in the future, we must defend them for everybody
today.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

296
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@ -1,135 +1,136 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>NOTE: This is a report on Government and military techniques, notterrorist!</p>
<p> B R A I N W A S H I N G
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>NOTE: This is a report on Government and military techniques, notterrorist!</p>
<p> B R A I N W A S H I N G
By Lorenzo Saint Dubois</p>
<p>The report that follows is a condensation of a study by training experts of
<p>The report that follows is a condensation of a study by training experts of
the important information available on this subject.</p>
<p> BACKGROUND</p>
<p>Brainwashing, as a technique, has been used for centuries and is no mystery
<p> BACKGROUND</p>
<p>Brainwashing, as a technique, has been used for centuries and is no mystery
to psychologists. In this sense, brainwashing means involuntary re-education
of basic beliefs and values. All people are being re-educated continually.
New information changes one's beliefs.</p>
<p>Everyone has experienced to some degree the conflict that ensues when new
<p>Everyone has experienced to some degree the conflict that ensues when new
information is not consistent with prior belief.</p>
<p>The experience of the brainwashed individual differs in that the inconsistent
<p>The experience of the brainwashed individual differs in that the inconsistent
information is forced upon the individual under controlled conditions after
the possibility of critical judgment has been removed by a variety of
methods.</p>
<p>There is no question that an individual can be broken psychologically by
<p>There is no question that an individual can be broken psychologically by
captors with knowledge and willingness to persist in techniques aimed at
deliberately destroying the integration of a personality. Although it is
probable that everyone reduced to such a confused, disoriented state will
respond to the introduction of new beliefs, this cannot be stated
dogmatically.</p>
<p> HUMAN CONTROL AND REACTION TO CONTROL</p>
<p>There are progressive steps in exercising control over an individual and
<p> HUMAN CONTROL AND REACTION TO CONTROL</p>
<p>There are progressive steps in exercising control over an individual and
changing his behaviour and personality integration.</p>
<p>The following five steps are typical of behaviour changes in any controlled
<p>The following five steps are typical of behaviour changes in any controlled
individual:</p>
<p>1. Making the individual aware of control is the first stage in changing his
<p>1. Making the individual aware of control is the first stage in changing his
behaviour. A small child is made aware of the physical and psychological
control of his parents and quickly recognizes that an overwhelming force
must be reckoned with.</p>
<p> So a controlled adult comes to recognize the overwhelming powers of the
<p> So a controlled adult comes to recognize the overwhelming powers of the
state and the impersonal, incarcerative machinery in which he is enmeshed.
The individual recognizes that definite limits have been put upon the ways
he can respond.</p>
<p>2. Realization of his complete dependence upon the controlling system is a
<p>2. Realization of his complete dependence upon the controlling system is a
major factor in the controlling of his behaviour.</p>
<p> The controlled adult is forced to accept the fact that food, tobacco,
<p> The controlled adult is forced to accept the fact that food, tobacco,
praise and the only social contact that he will get come from the very
interrogator who exercises control over him.</p>
<p>3. The awareness of control and recognition of dependence result in causing
<p>3. The awareness of control and recognition of dependence result in causing
internal conflict and breakdown of previous patterns of behaviour.</p>
<p> Although this transition can be relatively mild in the case of a child,
<p> Although this transition can be relatively mild in the case of a child,
it is almost invariably severe for the adult undergoing brainwashing.
Only an individual who holds his values lightly can change them easily.</p>
<p> Since the brainwasher/interrogators aim to have the individuals undergo
<p> Since the brainwasher/interrogators aim to have the individuals undergo
profound emotional change, they force their victims to seek out painfully
what is desired by the controlling individual. During this period the
victim is likely to have a mental breakdown characterized by delusions
and hallucinations.</p>
<p>4. Discovery that there is an acceptable solution to his problem is the
<p>4. Discovery that there is an acceptable solution to his problem is the
first stage of reducing the individuals conflict.</p>
<p> It is characteristically reported by victims of brainwashing that this
<p> It is characteristically reported by victims of brainwashing that this
discovery led to an overwhelming feeling of relief that the horror of
internal conflict would cease and that perhaps they would not be driven
insane.</p>
<p> It is at this point that they are prepared to make major changes in their
<p> It is at this point that they are prepared to make major changes in their
value system. This is an automatic rather than voluntary choice. They have
lost their ability to be critical.</p>
<p>5. Reintegration of values and identification with the controlling system is
<p>5. Reintegration of values and identification with the controlling system is
the final stage in changing the behaviour of the controlled individual.</p>
<p> A child who has learned a new, socially desirable behaviour demonstrates
<p> A child who has learned a new, socially desirable behaviour demonstrates
its importance by attempting to as apt the new behaviour to a variety of
other situations. Similar states in the brainwashed adult are pitiful.</p>
<p> His new value-system, his manner of perceiving, organizing, and giving
<p> His new value-system, his manner of perceiving, organizing, and giving
meaning to events, is virtually independent of his former value system.
He is no longer capable of thinking or speaking in concepts other than
those he has adopted. He tends to identify by expressing thanks to his
captors for helping him see the light.</p>
<p> Anyone willing to use known principles of control and reactions to
<p> Anyone willing to use known principles of control and reactions to
control and capable of demonstrating the patience needed in raising a
child can probably achieve successful brainwashing.</p>
<p> CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND THEIR EFFECTS</p>
<p>A description of usual communist control techniques follows.</p>
<p>INTERROGATION</p>
<p>There are at least two ways in which interrogation is used:</p>
<p>A. Elicitation, which is designed to get the individual to surrender
<p> CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND THEIR EFFECTS</p>
<p>A description of usual communist control techniques follows.</p>
<p>INTERROGATION</p>
<p>There are at least two ways in which interrogation is used:</p>
<p>A. Elicitation, which is designed to get the individual to surrender
protected information, is a form of interrogation. One major difference
between elicitation and interrogation used to achieve brainwashing is that
the mind of the individual must be kept clear to permit coherent,
undistorted disclosure of protected information.</p>
<p>B. Elicitation for the purpose of brainwashing consists of questioning,
<p>B. Elicitation for the purpose of brainwashing consists of questioning,
argument, indoctrination, threats, cajolery, praise, hostility and a
variety of other pressures. The aim of this interrogation is to hasten the
breakdown of the individual's value system and to encourage the substitution
of a different valuesystem.</p>
<p>The procurement of protected information is secondary and is used as a
<p>The procurement of protected information is secondary and is used as a
device to increase pressure upon the individual. The term interrogation in
this article will refer in general, to this type. The interrogator is the
individual who conducts this type of interrogation and who controls the
administration of the other pressures. He is the protagonist against whom
the victim develops his conflict and upon whom the victim develops a state
of dependency as he seeks some solution to his conflict.</p>
<p>PHYSICAL TORTURE &amp; THREATS OF TORTURE</p>
<p>Two types of physical torture are distinguishable more by their psychological
<p>PHYSICAL TORTURE &amp; THREATS OF TORTURE</p>
<p>Two types of physical torture are distinguishable more by their psychological
effect in inducing conflict than by the degree of painfulness:</p>
<p>A. The first type is one in which the victim has a passive role in the pain
<p>A. The first type is one in which the victim has a passive role in the pain
inflicted on him (e.g., beatings). His conflict involves the decision of
whether or not to give in to demands in order to avoid further pain.
Generally, brutality of this type was not found to achieve the desired
results. Threats of torture were found more effective, as fear of pain
causes greater conflict within the individual than does pain itself.</p>
<p>B. The second type of torture is represented by requiring the individual to
<p>B. The second type of torture is represented by requiring the individual to
stand in one spot for several hours or assume some other pain-inducing
position. Such a requirement often engenders in the individual a
determination to stick it out. This internal act of resistance provide a
feeling of moral superiority at first. As time passes and his pain mounts,
the individual becomes aware that it is his own original determination to
resist that is causing the continuance of pain.</p>
<p>A conflict develops within the individual between his moral determination and
<p>A conflict develops within the individual between his moral determination and
his desire to collapse and discontinue the pain. It is this extra internal
conflict, in addition to the conflict over whether or not to give in to the
demands made of him, that tends to make this method of torture more
effective in the breakdown of the individual personality.</p>
<p>
<p>
ISOLATION</p>
<p>Individual differences in reaction to isolation are probably greater than to
<p>Individual differences in reaction to isolation are probably greater than to
any other method. Some individuals appear to be able to withstand prolonged
periods of isolation without deleterious effects, while a relatively short
period of isolation reduces others to the verge of psychosis. Reaction
varies with the conditions of the isolation cell.</p>
<p>Some sources have indicated a strong reaction to filth and vermin, although
<p>Some sources have indicated a strong reaction to filth and vermin, although
they had negligible reactions to the isolation. Others reacted violently to
isolation in relatively clean cells. The predominant cause of breakdown in
such situations is a lack of sensory stimulation (i.e., grayness of walls,
lack of sound, absence of social contact, etc.). Experimental subjects
exposed to this condition have reported vivid hallucinations and
overwhelming fears of losing their sanity.</p>
<p>CONTROL OF COMMUNICATION</p>
<p>This is one of the most effective methods for creating a sense of
<p>CONTROL OF COMMUNICATION</p>
<p>This is one of the most effective methods for creating a sense of
helplessness and despair. This measure might well be considered the
cornerstone of the system of control. It consists of strict regulation of
the mail, reading materials, broadcast materials and social contact
@ -137,102 +138,102 @@ available to the individual. The need to communicate is so great that when
the usual channels are blocked, the individual will resort to any open
channel, almost regardless of the implications of using that particular
channel.</p>
<p>Many POWs in Korea, whose only act of collaboration was to sign petitions
<p>Many POWs in Korea, whose only act of collaboration was to sign petitions
and peace appeals, defended their actions on the ground that this was the
only method of letting the outside world know they were still alive.</p>
<p>Many stated that their morale and fortitude would have been increased
<p>Many stated that their morale and fortitude would have been increased
immeasurably had leaflets of encouragement been dropped to them. When the
only contact with the outside world is via the interrogator, the prisoner
comes to develop extreme dependency on his interrogator and hence loses
another prop to his morale.</p>
<p>Another wrinkle in communication control is the informer system. The
<p>Another wrinkle in communication control is the informer system. The
recruitment of informers in POW camps discouraged communication between
inmates. POWs who feared that every act or thought of resistance would be
communicated to camp administrators, lost faith in their fellow man and
were forced to untrusting individualism. Informers are also under several
stages of brainwashing and elicitation to develop and maintain control over
the victims.</p>
<p>INDUCTION OF FATIGUE</p>
<p>This is a well-known device for breaking will power and critical powers of
<p>INDUCTION OF FATIGUE</p>
<p>This is a well-known device for breaking will power and critical powers of
judgment. Deprivation of sleep results in more intense psychological
debilitation than does any other method of engendering fatigue. They vary
their methods.</p>
<p>Conveyor belt interrogation that last 50-60 hours will make almost any
<p>Conveyor belt interrogation that last 50-60 hours will make almost any
individual compromise, but there is danger that this will kill the victim.
It is safer to conduct interrogations of 8-10 hours at night while forcing
the prisoner to remain awake during the day. Additional interruptions in the
remaining 2-3 hours of allotted sleep quickly reduce the most resilient
individual.</p>
<p>Alternate administration of drug stimulants and depressants hastens the
<p>Alternate administration of drug stimulants and depressants hastens the
process of fatigue and sharpens the psychological reactions of excitement
and depression. Fatigue, in addition to reducing the will to resist, also
produces irritation and fear that arise from increased slips of the
tongue forgetfulness and decreased ability to maintain orderly thought
processes.</p>
<p>CONTROL OF FOOD, WATER AND TOBACCO</p>
<p>The controlled individual is made intensely aware of his dependence upon his
<p>CONTROL OF FOOD, WATER AND TOBACCO</p>
<p>The controlled individual is made intensely aware of his dependence upon his
interrogator for the quality and quantity of his food and tobacco. The
exercise of this control usually follows a pattern.</p>
<p>No food and little or no water is permitted the individual for several
<p>No food and little or no water is permitted the individual for several
days prior to interrogation. When the prisoner first complains of this to
the interrogator, the latter expresses surprise at such inhumane treatment.</p>
<p>He makes a demand of the prisoner, if the latter complies, he receives a
<p>He makes a demand of the prisoner, if the latter complies, he receives a
good meal. If he does not, he gets a diet of unappetizing food containing
limited vitamins, minerals and calories.</p>
<p>This diet is supplemented occasionally by the interrogator if the prisoner
<p>This diet is supplemented occasionally by the interrogator if the prisoner
cooperates. Studies of controlled starvation indicate that the whole value system of the subjects underwent a change. Their irritation increased
as their ability to think clearly decreased. The control of tobacco presented
an even greater source of conflict for heavy smokers. Because tobacco is not
necessary to life, being manipulated by his craving for it can in the
individual a strong sense of guilt.</p>
<p>CRITICISM AND SELF-CRITICISM</p>
<p>There are mechanisms of thought control. Self-criticism gains its
<p>CRITICISM AND SELF-CRITICISM</p>
<p>There are mechanisms of thought control. Self-criticism gains its
effectiveness from the fact that although it is not a crime for a man to be
wrong, it is a major crime to be stubborn and to refuse to learn. Many
individuals feel intensely relieved in being able to share their sense of
guilt.</p>
<p>Those individuals however, who have adjusted to handling their guilt
<p>Those individuals however, who have adjusted to handling their guilt
internally have difficulty adapting to criticism and self-criticism. In
brainwashing, after a sufficient sense of guilt has been created in the
individual, sharing and self-criticism permit relief. The price paid for
this relief, however, is loss of individuality and increased dependency.</p>
<p>HYPNOSIS AND DRUGS AS CONTROLS</p>
<p>There is no reliable evidence of making widespread use of drugs or hypnosis
<p>HYPNOSIS AND DRUGS AS CONTROLS</p>
<p>There is no reliable evidence of making widespread use of drugs or hypnosis
in brainwashing or elicitation. The exception to this is the use of common
stimulants or depressants in inducing fatigue and mood swings.</p>
<p>Other methods of control, which when used in conjunction with the basic
<p>Other methods of control, which when used in conjunction with the basic
processes, hasten the deterioration of prisoners' sense of values and
resistance are:</p>
<p>A. Requiring a case history or autobiography of the prisoner provides a mine
<p>A. Requiring a case history or autobiography of the prisoner provides a mine
of information for the interrogator in establishing and documenting
accusations.</p>
<p>B. Friendliness of the interrogator, when least expected, upsets the
<p>B. Friendliness of the interrogator, when least expected, upsets the
prisoner's ability to maintain a critical attitude.</p>
<p>C. Petty demands, such as severely limiting the allotted time for use of
<p>C. Petty demands, such as severely limiting the allotted time for use of
toilet facilities or requiring the POW to kill hundreds of flies, are
harassment methods.</p>
<p>D. Prisoners are often humiliated by refusing them the use of toilet
<p>D. Prisoners are often humiliated by refusing them the use of toilet
facilities during interrogation, until they soil themselves. Often
prisoners were not permitted to bathe for weeks until they felt
contemptible.</p>
<p>E. Conviction as a war criminal appears to be a potent factor in creating
<p>E. Conviction as a war criminal appears to be a potent factor in creating
despair in the individual. One official analysis of the pressures exerted
by the ChiComs on confessors and non-confessors to participation in
bacteriological warfare in Korea showed that actual trial and conviction
of war crimes was overwhelmingly associated with breakdown and confession.</p>
<p>F. Attempted elicitation of protected information at various times during
<p>F. Attempted elicitation of protected information at various times during
the brainwashing process diverted the individual from awareness of the
deterioration of his value-system.</p>
<p>The fact that, in most cases, the ChiComs did not want or need such
<p>The fact that, in most cases, the ChiComs did not want or need such
intelligence was not known to the prisoner. His attempts to protect
such information was made at the expense of hastening his own breakdown.</p>
<p> EXERCISE OF CONTROL
<p> EXERCISE OF CONTROL
A SCHEDULE FOR BRAINWASHING</p>
<p>From the many fragmentary accounts reviewed, the following appears to be the
<p>From the many fragmentary accounts reviewed, the following appears to be the
most likely description of what occurs during brainwashing. In the period
immediately following capture, the captors are faced with the problem of
deciding on best ways of exploitation of the prisoners.</p>
<p>Therefore, early treatment is similar both for those who are to be exploited
<p>Therefore, early treatment is similar both for those who are to be exploited
through elicitation and those who are to undergo brainwashing. Concurrently
with being interrogated and required to write a detailed personal history,
the prisoner undergoes a physical and psychological softening-up which
@ -240,13 +241,13 @@ includes: limited unpalatable food rations, withholding of tobacco, possible
work details, severely inadequate use of toilet facilities, no use of
facilities for personal cleanliness, limitation of sleep such as requiring a
subject to sleep with a bright light in his eyes.</p>
<p>The interrogation and autobiographical material, the reports of the
<p>The interrogation and autobiographical material, the reports of the
prisoner's behaviour in confinement and tentative personality typing by the
interrogators, provide the basis upon which exploitation plans are made.</p>
<p>There is a major difference between preparation for elicitation and for
<p>There is a major difference between preparation for elicitation and for
brainwashing. Prisoners exploited through elicitation must retain sufficient
clarity of thought to be able to give coherent, factual accounts.</p>
<p>In brainwashing, on the other hand, the first thing attacked is clarity of
<p>In brainwashing, on the other hand, the first thing attacked is clarity of
thought. To develop a strategy of defence, the controlled individual must
determine what plans have been made for his exploitation. Perhaps the best
cues he can get are internal reactions to the pressures he undergoes. The
@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ other pressures are designed primarily to help the interrogator achieve his
goals. The following states are created systematically within the
individual. These may vary in order, but all are necessary to the
brainwashing process:</p>
<p>1. A feeling of helplessness in attempting to deal with the impersonal
<p>1. A feeling of helplessness in attempting to deal with the impersonal
machinery of control.
2. An initial reaction of surprise.
3. A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him.
@ -266,7 +267,7 @@ machinery of control.
8. A feeling of potential breakdown i.e., that he might go crazy.
9. A need to defend his acquired principles.
10. A final sense of belonging (identification).</p>
<p>A feeling of helplessness in the face of the impersonal machinery of control
<p>A feeling of helplessness in the face of the impersonal machinery of control
is carefully engendered within the prisoner. The individual who receives the
preliminary treatment described above not only begins to feel like an animal
but also feels that nothing can be done about it. No one pays any personal
@ -277,15 +278,15 @@ time schedule that has nothing to do with his needs. The voices and
footsteps of the guards are muted. He notes many contrasts, e.g., his
greasy, unpalatable food may be served on battered tin dishes by guards
immaculately dressed in white.</p>
<p>The first steps in depersonalization of the prisoner have begun. He has no
<p>The first steps in depersonalization of the prisoner have begun. He has no
idea what to expect. Ample opportunity is allotted for him to ruminate upon
all the unpleasant or painful things that could happen to him. He approaches
the main interrogator with mixed feelings of relief and fright.</p>
<p>Surprise is commonly used in the brainwashing process. The prisoner is rarely
<p>Surprise is commonly used in the brainwashing process. The prisoner is rarely
prepared for the fact that the interrogators are usually friendly and
considerate at first. They make every effort to demonstrate that they are
reasonable human beings.</p>
<p>Often they apologize for bad treatment received by the prisoner and promise
<p>Often they apologize for bad treatment received by the prisoner and promise
to improve his lot if he, too, is reasonable. This behaviour is not what he
has steeled himself for. He lets down some of his defences and tries to take
a reasonable attitude. The first occasion he balks at satisfying a request
@ -297,17 +298,17 @@ and the interrogator stalks from the room. These surprising changes create
doubt in the prisoner as to his very ability to perceive another person's
motivations correctly. His next interrogation probably will be marked by
impassivity in the interrogator's mien.</p>
<p>A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him is likewise carefully
<p>A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him is likewise carefully
engendered within the individual. Pleas of the prisoner to learn specifically
of what he is accused and by whom are side-stepped by the interrogator.</p>
<p>Instead, the prisoner is asked to tell why he thinks he is held and what he
<p>Instead, the prisoner is asked to tell why he thinks he is held and what he
feels he is guilty of. If the prisoner fails to come up with anything, he is
accused in terms of broad generalities (e.g, espionage, sabotage, acts of
treason against the people etc.)</p>
<p>This usually provokes the prisoner to make some statement about his
<p>This usually provokes the prisoner to make some statement about his
activities. If this take the form of a denial, he is usually sent to
isolation on further decreased food rations to think over his crimes.</p>
<p>This process can be repeated again and again, as soon as the prisoner thinks
<p>This process can be repeated again and again, as soon as the prisoner thinks
of something that might be considered self-incriminating, the interrogator
appears momentarily satisfied. The prisoner is asked to write down his
statement in his own words and sign it. Meanwhile a strong sense of
@ -316,56 +317,56 @@ prisoner to realize that the interrogator is the source of all punishment,
all gratification, and all communication. The interrogator, meanwhile,
demonstrates his unpredictbility. He is perceived by the prisoner as a
creature of whim.</p>
<p>At times, the interrogator can be pleased very easily and at other times no
<p>At times, the interrogator can be pleased very easily and at other times no
effort on the part of the prisoner will placate him. The prisoner may begin
to channel so much energy into trying to predict the behaviour of the
unpredictable interrogator that he loses track of what is happening
inside himself. After the prisoner has developed the above psychological
and emotional reactions to a sufficient degree, the brainwashing begins in
earnest.</p>
<p>First, the prisoner's remaining critical faculties must be destroyed. He
<p>First, the prisoner's remaining critical faculties must be destroyed. He
undergoes long, fatiguing interrogations while looking at a bright light.
He is called back again and again for interrogations after minimal sleep.</p>
<p>He may undergo torture that tends to create internal conflict. Drugs may
<p>He may undergo torture that tends to create internal conflict. Drugs may
be used to accentuate his mood swings. He develops depression when the
interrogator is being kind and becomes euphoric when the interrogator is
threatening the direst penalties. Then the cycle is reversed, the
prisoner finds himself in a constant state of anxiety which prevents him
from relaxing even when he is permitted to sleep. Short periods of
isolation now bring on visual and auditory hallucinations.</p>
<p>The prisoner feels himself losing his objectivity. It is in this state that
<p>The prisoner feels himself losing his objectivity. It is in this state that
the prisoner must keep up an endless argument with the interrogator. He
may be faced with the confessions of other individuals who collaborated with
him in his crimes.</p>
<p>The prisoner seriously begins to doubts his own memory. This feeling is
<p>The prisoner seriously begins to doubts his own memory. This feeling is
heightened by his inability to recall little things like the names of the
people he knows very well or the date of his birth. The interrogator
patiently sharpens this feeling of doubt by more questioning. This tends to
create a serious state of uncertainty when the individual has lost most of
his critical faculties.</p>
<p>The prisoner must undergo additional internal conflict when strong feelings
<p>The prisoner must undergo additional internal conflict when strong feelings
of guilt are aroused within him. As any clinical psychologist is aware, it
is not at all difficult to create such feelings. Military servicemen are
particularly vulnerable.</p>
<p>No one can morally justify killing even in wartime. The usual justification
<p>No one can morally justify killing even in wartime. The usual justification
is on the grounds of necessity or self-defence. The interrogator is careful
to circumvent such justification. He keeps the interrogation directed toward
the prisoner's moral code. Every moral vulnerability is exploited by
incessant questioning along this line until the prisoner begins to question
the very fundamentals of his own value-system.</p>
<p>The prisoner must constantly fight a potential breakdown. He finds that
<p>The prisoner must constantly fight a potential breakdown. He finds that
his mind is going blank for longer and longer periods of time. He can
not think constructively. If he is to maintain any semblance of psychological
integrity, he must bring to an end this state of interminable internal
conflict. He signifies a willingness to write a confession.</p>
<p>If this were truly the end, no brainwashing would have occurred. The
<p>If this were truly the end, no brainwashing would have occurred. The
individual would simply have given in to intolerable pressure. The final
stage of the brainwashing process has just begun. No matter what the prisoner
writes in his confession the interrogator is not satisfied. The interrogator
questions every sentence of the confession. He begins to edit it with the
prisoner. The prisoner is forced to argue against every change. This is the
essence of brainwashing.</p>
<p>Every time that he gives in on a point to the interrogator, he must rewrite
<p>Every time that he gives in on a point to the interrogator, he must rewrite
his whole confession. Still the interrogator is not satisfied, in a desperate
attempt to maintain some semblance of integrity and to avoid further
brainwashing, the prisoner must begin to argue that what he has already
@ -373,44 +374,44 @@ confessed to is true. He begins to accept as his own the statements he has
written. He uses many of the interrogator's earlier arguments to buttress
his position. By this process, identification with the interrogator's
value-system becomes complete.</p>
<p>It is extremely important to recognize that a qualitative change has taken
<p>It is extremely important to recognize that a qualitative change has taken
place within the prisoner. The brainwashed victim does not consciously
change his value-system; rather the change occurs despite his efforts. He is
no more responsible for this change than is an individual who snaps and
becomes psychotic. Like the psychotic, the prisoner is not even aware of the
transition.
</p>
<p>DEFENSIVE MEASURES</p>
<p>1. Training of Individuals potentially subject to communist control.
<p>DEFENSIVE MEASURES</p>
<p>1. Training of Individuals potentially subject to communist control.
Training should provide for the trainee a realistic appraisal of what
control pressures the interrogators are likely to exert and what the
usual human reactions are to such pressures. The trainee must learn the
most effective ways of combating his own reactions to such pressures and
he must learn reasonable expectations as to what his behaviour should be.</p>
<p> Training has two decidedly positive effects; first, it provides the
<p> Training has two decidedly positive effects; first, it provides the
trainee with ways of combating control; second, it provides the basis for
developing an immeasurable boost in morale. Any positive action that the
individual can take, even if it is only slightly effective, gives him a
sense of control over a situation that is otherwise controlling him.</p>
<p>2. Training must provide the individual with the means of recognizing
<p>2. Training must provide the individual with the means of recognizing
realistic goals for himself.</p>
<p> A. Delay in yielding may be the only achievement that can be hoped for.
<p> A. Delay in yielding may be the only achievement that can be hoped for.
In any particular operation, the agent needs the support of knowing
specifically how long he must hold out to save an operation, protect
his cohorts, or gain some other goal.</p>
<p> B. The individual should be taught how to achieve the most favourable
<p> B. The individual should be taught how to achieve the most favourable
treatment and how to behave and make necessary concessions to obtain
minimum penalties.</p>
<p> C. Individual behavioural responses to the various control pressures
<p> C. Individual behavioural responses to the various control pressures
differ markedly. Therefore, each trainee should know his own particular
assets and limitations in resisting specific pressures. He can learn
these only under laboratory conditions simulating the actual pressures
he may have to face.</p>
<p> D. Training must provide knowledge of the goals and the restrictions
<p> D. Training must provide knowledge of the goals and the restrictions
placed upon his interrogator. The trainee should know what controls
are on his interrogator and to what extent he can manipulate the
interrogator.</p>
<p> For example, the interrogator is not permitted to fail to gain
<p> For example, the interrogator is not permitted to fail to gain
something from the controlled individual. The knowledge that, after
the victim has proved that he is a tough nut to crack he can
sometimes indicate that he might compromise on some little point to
@ -419,148 +420,148 @@ useful indeed. Above all, the potential victim of interrogator control
can gain a great deal of psychological support from the knowledge that
the interrogator is not a completely free agent who can do whatever he
wills with his victim.</p>
<p> E. The trainee must learn what practical cues might aid him in recognizing
<p> E. The trainee must learn what practical cues might aid him in recognizing
the specific goals of his interrogator. The strategy of defence against
elicitation may differ markedly from the strategy to prevent
brainwashing. To prevent elicitation, the individual may hasten his
own state of mental confusion; whereas, to prevent brainwashing,
maintaining clarity of thought processes is imperative.</p>
<p> F. The trainee should obtain knowledge about carrots as well as sticks.
<p> F. The trainee should obtain knowledge about carrots as well as sticks.
They keep certain of their promises and always renege on others, for
example, demonstrable the fact that informers receive no better
treatment than other prisoners should do much to prevent this particular
evil. On the other hand, certain meaningless concessions will often get
a prisoner a good meal.</p>
<p> G. In particular, it should be emphasized to the trainee that, although
<p> G. In particular, it should be emphasized to the trainee that, although
little can be done to control the pressures exerted upon him, he can
learn something about controlling his personal reactions to specific
pressures. The trainee can gain much from learning something about
internal conflict and conflict-producing mechanisms. He should learn
to recognize when someone is trying to arouse guilt feelings and what
behavioural reactions can occur as a response to guilt.</p>
<p> H. The training must teach some methods that can be utilized in thwarting
<p> H. The training must teach some methods that can be utilized in thwarting
particular control techniques:</p>
<p>ELICITATION</p>
<p>In general, individuals who are the hardest to interrogate for information
<p>ELICITATION</p>
<p>In general, individuals who are the hardest to interrogate for information
are those who have experienced previous interrogations. Practice in being
the victim of interrogation is a sound training device.</p>
<p>TORTURE
<p>TORTURE
The trainee should learn something about the principles of pain and shock.
There is a maximum to the amount of pain that can actually be felt. Any
amount of pain can be tolerated for a limited period of time. In addition,
the trainee can be fortified by the knowledge that there are legal
limitations upon the amount of torture that can be inflicted by jailors.</p>
<p>ISOLATION</p>
<p>The psychological effects of isolation can probably be thwarted best by
<p>ISOLATION</p>
<p>The psychological effects of isolation can probably be thwarted best by
mental gymnastics and systematic efforts on the part of the isolate to
obtain stimulation for his neural end
organs. Controls on Food and Tobacco. Food given will always be enough to
maintain survival, sometimes the victim gets unexpected opportunities
to supplement his diet with special minerals, vitamins and other nutrients
(e.g., iron from the rust of prison bars).</p>
<p>In some instances, experience has shown that individuals could exploit
<p>In some instances, experience has shown that individuals could exploit
refusal to eat. Such refusal usually resulted in the transfer of the
individual to a hospital where he received vitamin injections and
nutritious food. Evidently attempts of this kind to commit suicide arouse
the greatest concern in officials.</p>
<p>If deprivation of tobacco is the control being exerted. The victim can gain
<p>If deprivation of tobacco is the control being exerted. The victim can gain
moral satisfaction from giving up tobacco. He can't lose since he is not
likely to get any anyway.</p>
<p>FATIGUE</p>
<p>The trainee should learn reactions to fatigue and how to overcome them
<p>FATIGUE</p>
<p>The trainee should learn reactions to fatigue and how to overcome them
insofar as possible. For example, mild physical exercise clears the head in
a fatigue state.</p>
<p>WRITING PERSONAL ACCOUNTS AND SELF-CRITICISM</p>
<p>Experience has indicated that one of the most effective ways of combating
<p>WRITING PERSONAL ACCOUNTS AND SELF-CRITICISM</p>
<p>Experience has indicated that one of the most effective ways of combating
these pressures is to enter into the spirit with an overabundance of
enthusiasm.</p>
<p>Endless written accounts of inconsequential material have virtually
<p>Endless written accounts of inconsequential material have virtually
smothered some eager interrogators. In the same spirit, sober, detailed
self-criticisms of the most minute sins has sometimes brought good results.</p>
<p>Guidance as to the priority of positions he should defend. Perfectly
<p>Guidance as to the priority of positions he should defend. Perfectly
compatible responsibilities in the normal execution of an individual's
duties may become mutually incompatible in this situation.</p>
<p>Take the example of a senior grade military officer, he has the knowledge
<p>Take the example of a senior grade military officer, he has the knowledge
of sensitive strategic intelligence which it is his duty to protect. He
has the responsibility of maintaining the physical fitness of his men and
serving as a model example for their behaviour. The officer may go to the
camp commandant to protest the treatment of the POW's and the commandant
assures him that treatment could be improved if he will swap something for
it. Thus to satisfy one responsibility he must compromise another.</p>
<p>The officer, in short, is in a constant state of internal conflict. But if
<p>The officer, in short, is in a constant state of internal conflict. But if
the officer is given the relative priority of his different responsibilities,
he is supported by the knowledge that he won't be held accountable for any
other behaviour if he does his utmost to carry out his highest priority
responsibility.</p>
<p>There is considerable evidence that many individuals tried to evaluate the
<p>There is considerable evidence that many individuals tried to evaluate the
priority of their responsibilities on their own, but were in conflict over
whether others would subsequently accept their evaluations. More than one
individual was probably brainwashed while he was trying to protect himself
against elicitation.</p>
<p>CONCLUSIONS</p>
<p>The application of known psychological principles can lead to an
<p>CONCLUSIONS</p>
<p>The application of known psychological principles can lead to an
understanding of brainwashing.</p>
<p>1. There is nothing mysterious about personality changes resulting from the
<p>1. There is nothing mysterious about personality changes resulting from the
brainwashing process.</p>
<p>2. Brainwashing is a complex process. Principles of motivation, perception,
<p>2. Brainwashing is a complex process. Principles of motivation, perception,
learning, and physiological deprivation are needed to account for the
results achieved in brainwashing.</p>
<p>3. Brainwashing is an involuntary re-education of the fundamental beliefs of
<p>3. Brainwashing is an involuntary re-education of the fundamental beliefs of
the individual. To attack the problem successfully, the brainwashing
process must be differentiated clearly from general education methods for
thought-control or mass indoctrination, and elicitation.</p>
<p>4. It appears possible for the individual, through training, to develop
<p>4. It appears possible for the individual, through training, to develop
limited defensive techniques against brainwashing. Such defensive
measures are likely to be most effective if directed toward thwarting
individual emotional reactions to brainwashing techniques rather than to
ward thwarting the techniques themselves.</p>
<p>DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF CONTROL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR</p>
<p>1. There are two major methods of altering or controlling human behaviour
<p>DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF CONTROL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR</p>
<p>1. There are two major methods of altering or controlling human behaviour
and the Soviets where interested in both.</p>
<p> The first is psychological; the second, pharmacological. The two may be
<p> The first is psychological; the second, pharmacological. The two may be
used as individual methods or for mutual reinforcement.</p>
<p> For long-term control of large numbers of people, the former method is
<p> For long-term control of large numbers of people, the former method is
more promising than the latter. In dealing with individuals, the U.S.
experience suggests the pharmacological approach (plus psychological
techniques) would be the only effective method. Neither method would be
very effective for individuals on a long term basis.</p>
<p>2. Soviet research on the pharmacological agents producing behavioural
<p>2. Soviet research on the pharmacological agents producing behavioural
effects has consistently lagged about five years behind Western research.</p>
<p> They have been interested in such research and are now pursuing research
<p> They have been interested in such research and are now pursuing research
on such chemicals as LSD-25, amphetamines, tranquillizers, hypnotics and
similar materials. There is no present evidence that anyone has any
singular, new, potent drugs to force a course of action on an individual.</p>
<p> They are aware of the tremendous drive produced by drug addiction and
<p> They are aware of the tremendous drive produced by drug addiction and
perhaps could couple this with psychological direction to achieve
control of an individual.</p>
<p>3. The psychological aspects of behaviour control would include not only
<p>3. The psychological aspects of behaviour control would include not only
conditioning by repetition and training, but such things as hypnosis,
deprivation, isolation, manipulation of guilt feelings, subtle or covert
threats, social pressure and so on.</p>
<p>Some of the newer trends in the USSR where as follows:</p>
<p>A. The adoption of a multi-disciplinary approach integrating biological,
<p>Some of the newer trends in the USSR where as follows:</p>
<p>A. The adoption of a multi-disciplinary approach integrating biological,
social and physicalmathematical research in attempts better to
understand, and eventually, to control human behaviour in a manner
consonant with national plans.</p>
<p>B. The outstanding feature, in addition to the inter-disciplinary approach,
<p>B. The outstanding feature, in addition to the inter-disciplinary approach,
is a new concern for mathematical approaches to an understanding of
behaviour.</p>
<p> Particularly notable are attempts to use modern information theory,
<p> Particularly notable are attempts to use modern information theory,
automata theory and feedback concepts in interpreting the mechanisms by
which the second signal system, i.e., speech and associated phenomena,
affect human behaviour.</p>
<p> Implied by this second signal system, using information inputs as
<p> Implied by this second signal system, using information inputs as
causative agents rather than chemical agents, electrodes or other more
exotic techniques applicable, perhaps, to individuals rather than groups.</p>
<p>C. This new trend, observed in the early Soviet post-Stalin period,
<p>C. This new trend, observed in the early Soviet post-Stalin period,
continues. By 1960 the word cybernetics was used by the Soviets to
designate this new trend.</p>
<p> This science is considered by some as the key to understanding the human
<p> This science is considered by some as the key to understanding the human
brain and the product of its functioning - Psychic activity and
personality - To the development of means for controlling it and to ways
for moulding the character of the New Communist Man.</p>
<p> As one Soviet author put it: Cybernetics can be used in moulding of a
<p> As one Soviet author put it: Cybernetics can be used in moulding of a
child's character, the inculcation of knowledge and techniques, the
amassing of experience, the establishment of social behaviour patterns,
all functions which can be summarized as 'control' of the growth process
@ -574,8 +575,9 @@ citizens of the USSR in accordance with politically determined
requirements of the system. Furthermore, the same technology can be
applied to more sophisticated approaches to the coding of information for
transmittal to population targets in the battle for the minds of men.</p>
<p> Some of the more esoteric techniques such as ESP or, as the Soviets call
<p> Some of the more esoteric techniques such as ESP or, as the Soviets call
it, biological radio-communication, and psychogenic agents such as LSD,
are receiving some overt attention with, possibly, applications in mind
for individual behaviour control under clandestine conditions.</p>
</div>
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<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
Wrong Number BBS FILE NAME: BUSHBOMB.TXT </p>
<p> [Reproduced with permission from _The Spotlight_, June 22, 1992 </p>
<p> The Spotlight
<p> [Reproduced with permission from _The Spotlight_, June 22, 1992 </p>
<p> The Spotlight
300 Independence Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20003 </p>
<p> Free use of this material is permitted provided that _The Spotlight_
<p> Free use of this material is permitted provided that _The Spotlight_
is credited, including publisher's address] </p>
<p>BUSH LINKED TO TERROR BOMBING; </p>
<p> WILL U.N. ASK FOR EXTRADITION?: </p>
<p> Shocking Evidence Revealed </p>
<p> The evidence pointing to President Bush's role in the terrorist bombing of
<p>BUSH LINKED TO TERROR BOMBING; </p>
<p> WILL U.N. ASK FOR EXTRADITION?: </p>
<p> Shocking Evidence Revealed </p>
<p> The evidence pointing to President Bush's role in the terrorist bombing of
a Cuban airliner grows stronger with new revelations. Will the UN Security
Council demand his extradition to Cuba or the World Court, as Bush and the
UN have done in the case of Libyan suspects in a similar crime? </p>
<p> By Warren Hough
<p> By Warren Hough
Exclusive to The Spotlight </p>
<p> Washington, DC, 6/12/92 -- Long-suppressed records have turned up
<p> Washington, DC, 6/12/92 -- Long-suppressed records have turned up
"shattering" new evidence of the role played by President George Bush in
the midair bombing of a Cuban airliner and in its subsequent cover-up,
Latin American officials conducting a "preliminary review" of the tragic
@ -44,8 +45,8 @@ region."
Venezuela's secret police, known after its Spanish initials as DISIP,
maintained close relations with the CIA and followed its lead. Bosch was
imprisoned and charged with complicity in the bombing in Venezuela. </p>
<p> BUSH ORCHESTRATION </p>
<p> The next move in the cover-up reportedly orchestrated by Bush was to
<p> BUSH ORCHESTRATION </p>
<p> The next move in the cover-up reportedly orchestrated by Bush was to
"recover" Posada, these sources day. In a well-organized and lavishly
financed jailbreak, the alleged aerial bomber was spirited from Venezuela
to Panama, where the CIA issued him a new set of identity documents under
@ -62,8 +63,8 @@ interview. "During those years, I was put on trial four times for that
airplane bombing. My case was heard by military, civilian and appellate
courts. I was found innocent each time. But after each acquittal, the CIA
came up with new 'suggestions' about my guilt." </p>
<p> PALE AND FRAIL </p>
<p> Finally the Venezuelan government told Washington it could no longer
<p> PALE AND FRAIL </p>
<p> Finally the Venezuelan government told Washington it could no longer
hold Bosch. Pale and in frail health, the falsely accused "terrorist" was
flown back to Miami. "Here I could hope for no acquittal," recounted
Bosch. "At the airport, immigration officials threw me into chains. I was
@ -91,4 +92,5 @@ international terrorist crimes when it clamped harsh sanctions on Libya
last April, faces a tougher challenge: How to deal with a case of aerial
mass murder in which the principal suspect happens to be THE INCUMBENT
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. </p>
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<xml>
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<p>
*** The "Liberation of the Camps": FACTS vs. LIES ***</p>
<p> By Theodore J. O'Keefe
<p> By Theodore J. O'Keefe
_______________________________________________________________________________</p>
<p> Nothing has been more effective in establishing the authenticity of the Holocaust in the minds of Americans than the terrible scenes U.S. GI's discovered when they entered the German concentration camps at the close of World War II.</p>
<p> At Dachau, Buchenwald, Dora, Mauthausen, and other work and detention camps, horrified American infantrymen encountered heaps of dead and dying inmates, emaciated and diseased. Survivors told them hair-raising stories of torture and slaughter, and backed up their claims by showing the GI's crematory ovens, alleged gas chambers, supposed implements of torture, even shrunken heads and lampshades, gloves, and handbags purportedly made from skin flayed from dead inmates.</p>
<p> U.S. government authorities, mindful that most Americans, who remembered the atrocity stories fed them during World War I, still doubted the Allied propaganda directed against the Hitler regime, resolved to "document" what the GI's had found in the camps. Prominent newsmen and politicians were flown in to see the harrowing evidence, while the U.S. Army Signal Corps filmed and photographed the scenes for posterity. The famous journalist Edward R. Murrow reported, in tones of horror, but no longer of disbelief, what he had been told and shown, and Dachau and Buchenwald were branded on the hearts and minds of the American populace as names of infamy unmatched in the sad and bloody history of this planet.</p>
<p> For Americans, what was "discovered" at the camps - the dead and the diseased, the terrible stories of the inmates, all the props of torture and terror - became the basis not simply of a transitory propaganda campaign but of the conviction that yes, it was true: the Germans DID exterminate six million Jews, most of them in lethal gas chambers. What the GI's found was used, by way of films which were mandatory viewing for the vanquished populace of Germany, to "re-educate" the German people b
<p> Nothing has been more effective in establishing the authenticity of the Holocaust in the minds of Americans than the terrible scenes U.S. GI's discovered when they entered the German concentration camps at the close of World War II.</p>
<p> At Dachau, Buchenwald, Dora, Mauthausen, and other work and detention camps, horrified American infantrymen encountered heaps of dead and dying inmates, emaciated and diseased. Survivors told them hair-raising stories of torture and slaughter, and backed up their claims by showing the GI's crematory ovens, alleged gas chambers, supposed implements of torture, even shrunken heads and lampshades, gloves, and handbags purportedly made from skin flayed from dead inmates.</p>
<p> U.S. government authorities, mindful that most Americans, who remembered the atrocity stories fed them during World War I, still doubted the Allied propaganda directed against the Hitler regime, resolved to "document" what the GI's had found in the camps. Prominent newsmen and politicians were flown in to see the harrowing evidence, while the U.S. Army Signal Corps filmed and photographed the scenes for posterity. The famous journalist Edward R. Murrow reported, in tones of horror, but no longer of disbelief, what he had been told and shown, and Dachau and Buchenwald were branded on the hearts and minds of the American populace as names of infamy unmatched in the sad and bloody history of this planet.</p>
<p> For Americans, what was "discovered" at the camps - the dead and the diseased, the terrible stories of the inmates, all the props of torture and terror - became the basis not simply of a transitory propaganda campaign but of the conviction that yes, it was true: the Germans DID exterminate six million Jews, most of them in lethal gas chambers. What the GI's found was used, by way of films which were mandatory viewing for the vanquished populace of Germany, to "re-educate" the German people b
destroying their national pride and their will to a united, independant national state, imposing in their place overwhelming feelings of collective guilt and political impotence. And when the testimony, and the verdict, at Nuremberg incorporated mos, if not all, of the horror stories Americans were told about Dachau, Buchenwald, and other places captured by the U.S. Army, the Holocaust could pass for one of the most documented, one of the most authenticated, one of the most proven historical episodes in the human record.</p>
<p> A Different Reality</p>
<p>* But it is known today that, very soon after the liberation of the *
<p> A Different Reality</p>
<p>* But it is known today that, very soon after the liberation of the *
* camps, American authorities were aware that the real story of the camps *
* was quite different from the one in which they were coaching military *
* public information officers, government spokesmen, politicians, *
* journalists, and other mouthpieces. *</p>
<p> When American and British forces overran western and central Germany in the spring of 1945, they were followed by troops charged with discovering and securing any evidence of German war crimes. Among them was Dr. Charles Larson, one of America's
<p> When American and British forces overran western and central Germany in the spring of 1945, they were followed by troops charged with discovering and securing any evidence of German war crimes. Among them was Dr. Charles Larson, one of America's
leading forensic pathologists, who was assigned to the Judge Advocate General's Department. Dr. Larson performed autopsies at Dachau and some twenty other German camps, examining on some days more than 100 corpses. After his grim work at Dachau, he was questioned for three days by U.S. Army prosecutors.^1</p>
<p> Dr. Larson's findings? According to an interview he gave to an American journalist in 1980, "What we've heard is that six million Jews were exterminated. Part of that is a hoax."^2 And what part was the hoax? Dr. Larson, who told his biographer that to his knowledge he "was the only forensic pathologist on duty in the entire European Theater,"^3 informed "Wichita Eagle" reporter Jan Floerchinger that "never was a case of poison gas uncovered."^4 Neither Dr. Larson nor any other forensic specialist has ever been cited by any Holocaust historian to substantiate a single case of death by poison gas, whether Zyklon-B or any other variety.</p>
<p> Typhus, Not Poison Gas</p>
<p> If not by gassing, how did the unfortunate victims at Dachau, Buchenwald, and Bergen-Belsen perish? Were they tortured to death? Deliberately starved? The answers to these questions are known as well. As Dr. Larson and other Allied medical men discovered, the chief cause of death at Dachau, Belsen, and the other camps was disease, above all typhus, an old and terrible scourge of mankind which until recently flourished in places where populations were crowded together in circumstances where public health measures were unknown or had broken down. Such was the case in the overcrowded internment camps in Germany at war's end, where, despite such measures as systematic delousing, quarantine of the sick, and cremation of the dead, the virtual collapse of Germany's food, transport, and public health systems led to catastrophe.</p>
<p> Perhaps the most authoritative statement of the facts as to typhus and mortality in the camps has been made by Dr. John E. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D., a professor of preventive medicine and epidemiology at the Harvard University School of Public Health
<p> Dr. Larson's findings? According to an interview he gave to an American journalist in 1980, "What we've heard is that six million Jews were exterminated. Part of that is a hoax."^2 And what part was the hoax? Dr. Larson, who told his biographer that to his knowledge he "was the only forensic pathologist on duty in the entire European Theater,"^3 informed "Wichita Eagle" reporter Jan Floerchinger that "never was a case of poison gas uncovered."^4 Neither Dr. Larson nor any other forensic specialist has ever been cited by any Holocaust historian to substantiate a single case of death by poison gas, whether Zyklon-B or any other variety.</p>
<p> Typhus, Not Poison Gas</p>
<p> If not by gassing, how did the unfortunate victims at Dachau, Buchenwald, and Bergen-Belsen perish? Were they tortured to death? Deliberately starved? The answers to these questions are known as well. As Dr. Larson and other Allied medical men discovered, the chief cause of death at Dachau, Belsen, and the other camps was disease, above all typhus, an old and terrible scourge of mankind which until recently flourished in places where populations were crowded together in circumstances where public health measures were unknown or had broken down. Such was the case in the overcrowded internment camps in Germany at war's end, where, despite such measures as systematic delousing, quarantine of the sick, and cremation of the dead, the virtual collapse of Germany's food, transport, and public health systems led to catastrophe.</p>
<p> Perhaps the most authoritative statement of the facts as to typhus and mortality in the camps has been made by Dr. John E. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D., a professor of preventive medicine and epidemiology at the Harvard University School of Public Health
who was with U.S. forces in Germany in 1945. Dr. Gordon reported in 1948 that "The outbreaks in concentration camps and prisons made up the great bulk of typhus infection encountered in Germany." Dr. Gordon summarized the causes for the outbreaks as
follows:</p>
<p> Germany was in chaos. The destruction of whole cities and the path left by advancing armies produced a disruption of living conditions contributing to the spread of the disease. Sanitation was low grade, public utilities were seriously disrupted
<p> Germany was in chaos. The destruction of whole cities and the path left by advancing armies produced a disruption of living conditions contributing to the spread of the disease. Sanitation was low grade, public utilities were seriously disrupted
food supply and food distribution was poor, housing was inadequate and order and discipline were everywhere lacking. Still more important, a shifting of populations was occurring such as few countries and few times have experienced.^5</p>
<p> Dr. Gordon's findings are corroborated by Dr. Russel Barton, today a psychiatrist of international repute, who entered Bergen-Belsen with British forces as a young medical student in 1945. Barton, who volunteered to care for the diseased survivors, testified under sworn oath in a Toronto courtroom in 1985 that "Thousands of prisoners who died at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp during World War II weren't deliberately starved to death but died from a rash of diseases."^6 Dr. Barton further testified that on entering the camp he had credited stories of deliberate starvations but had decided such stories were untrue after inspecting the well-equipped kitchens and the meticulously maintained ledgers, dating back to 1942, of food cooked and dispensed each day. Despite noisily publicized claims and widespread popular notions to the contrary, no researcher has been able to document a German policy of extermination through starvation in the German camps.</p>
<p> No Lampshades, No Handbags, Etc.</p>
<p> What of the ghoulish stories of concentration camp inmates skinned for their tattoos, flayed to make lampshades and handbags, or other artifacts? What of the innumerable "torture racks," "meathooks," whipping posts, gallows, and other tools of torment and death that are reported to have abounded at every German camp? These allegations, and even more grotesque ones profferred by Soviet prosecutors, found their way into the record at Nuremberg.</p>
<p> The lampshade and tattooed-skin charges were made against Ilse Koch, dubbed by journalists the "Bitch of Buchenwald," who was reported to have furnished her house with objects manufactured from the tanned hides of luckless inmates. But General Lucius Clay, military governor of the U.S. zone of occupied Germany, who reviewed her case in 1948, told his superiors in Washington: "There is no convincing evidence that she [Ilse Koch] selected inmates for extermination in order to secure tattooed sins or that she possessed any articles made of human skin."^7 In an interview General Clay gave years later, he stated about the material for the infamous lampshades: "Well, it turned out actually that it was goat flesh. But at the trial it was still
<p> Dr. Gordon's findings are corroborated by Dr. Russel Barton, today a psychiatrist of international repute, who entered Bergen-Belsen with British forces as a young medical student in 1945. Barton, who volunteered to care for the diseased survivors, testified under sworn oath in a Toronto courtroom in 1985 that "Thousands of prisoners who died at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp during World War II weren't deliberately starved to death but died from a rash of diseases."^6 Dr. Barton further testified that on entering the camp he had credited stories of deliberate starvations but had decided such stories were untrue after inspecting the well-equipped kitchens and the meticulously maintained ledgers, dating back to 1942, of food cooked and dispensed each day. Despite noisily publicized claims and widespread popular notions to the contrary, no researcher has been able to document a German policy of extermination through starvation in the German camps.</p>
<p> No Lampshades, No Handbags, Etc.</p>
<p> What of the ghoulish stories of concentration camp inmates skinned for their tattoos, flayed to make lampshades and handbags, or other artifacts? What of the innumerable "torture racks," "meathooks," whipping posts, gallows, and other tools of torment and death that are reported to have abounded at every German camp? These allegations, and even more grotesque ones profferred by Soviet prosecutors, found their way into the record at Nuremberg.</p>
<p> The lampshade and tattooed-skin charges were made against Ilse Koch, dubbed by journalists the "Bitch of Buchenwald," who was reported to have furnished her house with objects manufactured from the tanned hides of luckless inmates. But General Lucius Clay, military governor of the U.S. zone of occupied Germany, who reviewed her case in 1948, told his superiors in Washington: "There is no convincing evidence that she [Ilse Koch] selected inmates for extermination in order to secure tattooed sins or that she possessed any articles made of human skin."^7 In an interview General Clay gave years later, he stated about the material for the infamous lampshades: "Well, it turned out actually that it was goat flesh. But at the trial it was still
human flesh. It was almost impossible for her to have gotten a fair trial."^8 Ilse Koch hanged herself in a West German jail in 1967.</p>
<p> It would be tedius to itemize and refute the thousands of bizarre claims as to Nazi atrocities. That there were instances of German cruelty, however, is clear from the testimony of Dr. Konrad Morgen, a legal investigator attached to the Reich Criminal Police, whose statements on the witness stand at Nuremberg have never been challenged by believers in the Jewish Holocaust. Dr. Morgen informed the court that he had been given full authority by Heinrich Himmler, commander of Hitler's SS and th
<p> It would be tedius to itemize and refute the thousands of bizarre claims as to Nazi atrocities. That there were instances of German cruelty, however, is clear from the testimony of Dr. Konrad Morgen, a legal investigator attached to the Reich Criminal Police, whose statements on the witness stand at Nuremberg have never been challenged by believers in the Jewish Holocaust. Dr. Morgen informed the court that he had been given full authority by Heinrich Himmler, commander of Hitler's SS and th
dread Gestapo, to enter any German concentration camp and investigate instances of cruelty and corruption on the part of the camp staffs. According to Dr. Morgen's sworn testimony at Nuremberg, he investigated 800 such cases, in which over 200 convictions resulted.^9 Punishments included the death penalty for the worst offenders, including Hermann Karl Koch, Ilse's husband, commandant of Buchenwald.</p>
<p> In reality, while camp commandants in certain cases did inflict physical punishment, such acts had to be approved by authorities in Berlin, and it was required that a camp physician first certify the good health of the prisoner to be disciplined
<p> In reality, while camp commandants in certain cases did inflict physical punishment, such acts had to be approved by authorities in Berlin, and it was required that a camp physician first certify the good health of the prisoner to be disciplined
and then be on hand at the actual beating.^10 After all, the camps were throughout most of the war important centers of industrial activity. The good health and morale of the prisoners was critical to the German war effort, as is evidenced by a 1942
order issued by SS-Brigadefuhrer Richard Glucks, chief of the office which controlled the concentration camps, which held camp commanders "personally responsible for exhausting every possibility to preserve the physical strength of the detainees."^11</p>
<p> Concentration Camp Survivors - Merely Victims?</p>
<p> U.S. Army investigators, working at Buchenwald and other camps, quickly ascertained what was common knowledge among veteran inmates: that the worst offenders, the cruelest denizens of the camps were not the guards but the prisoners themselves. Common criminals of the same stripe as those who populate U.S. prisons today committed many villainies, particularly when they held positions of authority, and fanatical Communists, highly organized to combat their many political enemies among the inmates, eliminated their foes with Stalinist ruthlessness.</p>
<p> Two U.S. Army investigators at Buchenwald, Egon W. Fleck and Edward A. Tenenbaum, carefully investigated circumstances in the camp before its liberation. In a detailed report submitted to their superiors, they revealed, in the words of Alfred Tombs, their commander, who wrote a preface to the report, "how the prisoners themselves organized a deadly terror within the Nazi terror."^12</p>
<p> Fleck and Tenenbaum described the power exercised by criminals and Communists as follows:
<p> Concentration Camp Survivors - Merely Victims?</p>
<p> U.S. Army investigators, working at Buchenwald and other camps, quickly ascertained what was common knowledge among veteran inmates: that the worst offenders, the cruelest denizens of the camps were not the guards but the prisoners themselves. Common criminals of the same stripe as those who populate U.S. prisons today committed many villainies, particularly when they held positions of authority, and fanatical Communists, highly organized to combat their many political enemies among the inmates, eliminated their foes with Stalinist ruthlessness.</p>
<p> Two U.S. Army investigators at Buchenwald, Egon W. Fleck and Edward A. Tenenbaum, carefully investigated circumstances in the camp before its liberation. In a detailed report submitted to their superiors, they revealed, in the words of Alfred Tombs, their commander, who wrote a preface to the report, "how the prisoners themselves organized a deadly terror within the Nazi terror."^12</p>
<p> Fleck and Tenenbaum described the power exercised by criminals and Communists as follows:
* * *</p>
<p>. . . The trusties, who in time became almost exclusively Communist Germans, had the power of life and death over all other inmates. They could sentence a man or a group to almost certain death . . . The Communist trusties were directly responsible for a large part of the brutalities at Buchenwald.</p>
<p> Colonel Donald B. Robinson, chief historian of the American military government in Germany, summarized the Fleck-Tenenbaum report in an article which appeared in "The American Mercury" shortly after the war. Colonel Robinson wrote succinctly of
<p>. . . The trusties, who in time became almost exclusively Communist Germans, had the power of life and death over all other inmates. They could sentence a man or a group to almost certain death . . . The Communist trusties were directly responsible for a large part of the brutalities at Buchenwald.</p>
<p> Colonel Donald B. Robinson, chief historian of the American military government in Germany, summarized the Fleck-Tenenbaum report in an article which appeared in "The American Mercury" shortly after the war. Colonel Robinson wrote succinctly of
the American investigators' findings: "It appeared that the prisoners who agreed with the Communists ate; those who didn't starved to death."^13</p>
<p> Additional corroboration of inmate brutality has been provided by Ellis E. Spackman, who, as Chief of Counter-Intelligence Arrests and Detentions for the Seventh U.S. Army, was involved in the liberation of Dachau. Spackman, later a professor of
<p> Additional corroboration of inmate brutality has been provided by Ellis E. Spackman, who, as Chief of Counter-Intelligence Arrests and Detentions for the Seventh U.S. Army, was involved in the liberation of Dachau. Spackman, later a professor of
history at San Bernardino Valley College in California, wrote in 1966 that at Dachau "the prisoners were the actual instruments that inflicted the barbarities on their fellow prisoners."^14</p>
<p> "Gas Chambers"</p>
<p> On December 9, 1944 Col. Paul Kirk and Lt. Col. Edward J. Gully inspected the German concentration camp at Natzweiler in Alsace. They reported their findings to their superiors at the headquarters of the U.S. 6th Army Group, which subsequently forwarded Kirk and Gully's report to the War Crimes Division. While, significantly, the full text of their report has never been published, it has been revealed, by an author supportive of Holocaust claims, that the two investigators were careful to characterize equipment exhibited to them by French informants as a "SO-CALLED lethal gas chamber," and claim it was "ALLEGEDLY used as a lethal gas chamber"^15 [emphasis added].</p>
<p> Both the careful phraseology of the Natzweiler report, and its effective suppression, stand in stark contrast to the credulity, the confusion, and the blaring publicity which accompanied official reports of alleged gas chambers at Dachau. At first, a U.S. Army photo depicting a GI gazing mournfully at a steel door marked with a skull and crossbones and the German words for: "Caution! Gas! Mortal danger! Don't open!" was identified as showing the murder weapon. Later, however, it was evidently
<p> "Gas Chambers"</p>
<p> On December 9, 1944 Col. Paul Kirk and Lt. Col. Edward J. Gully inspected the German concentration camp at Natzweiler in Alsace. They reported their findings to their superiors at the headquarters of the U.S. 6th Army Group, which subsequently forwarded Kirk and Gully's report to the War Crimes Division. While, significantly, the full text of their report has never been published, it has been revealed, by an author supportive of Holocaust claims, that the two investigators were careful to characterize equipment exhibited to them by French informants as a "SO-CALLED lethal gas chamber," and claim it was "ALLEGEDLY used as a lethal gas chamber"^15 [emphasis added].</p>
<p> Both the careful phraseology of the Natzweiler report, and its effective suppression, stand in stark contrast to the credulity, the confusion, and the blaring publicity which accompanied official reports of alleged gas chambers at Dachau. At first, a U.S. Army photo depicting a GI gazing mournfully at a steel door marked with a skull and crossbones and the German words for: "Caution! Gas! Mortal danger! Don't open!" was identified as showing the murder weapon. Later, however, it was evidently
decided that the apparatus in question was merely a standard delousing chamber for clothing, and another alleged gas chamber, this one cunningly disguised as a shower room, was exhibited to American congressmen and journalists as the site where thousands breathed their last. While there exist numerous reports in the press as to the operation of this second "gas chamber," no official report by trained Army investigators has yet surfaced to reconcile such problems as the function of the shower heads: Were they "dummies," or did lethal cyanide gas stream through them? (Each theory has appreciable support in journalistic and historiographical literature.)</p>
<p> As with Dachau, so with Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, and the other camps captured by the Allies. There was no end of propaganda about "gas chambers," "gas ovens," and the like, but so far not a single detailed description of the murder weapon and its function, not a single report of the kind that is mandatory for the successful prosecution of any assault or murder case in America at the time and today, has come to light.</p>
<p> Furthermore, a number of Holocaust authorities have now publicly decreed that there were no gassings, no extermination camps in Germany after all! All these things, we are told, were located in what is now Poland, in areas captured by the Soviet
<p> As with Dachau, so with Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, and the other camps captured by the Allies. There was no end of propaganda about "gas chambers," "gas ovens," and the like, but so far not a single detailed description of the murder weapon and its function, not a single report of the kind that is mandatory for the successful prosecution of any assault or murder case in America at the time and today, has come to light.</p>
<p> Furthermore, a number of Holocaust authorities have now publicly decreed that there were no gassings, no extermination camps in Germany after all! All these things, we are told, were located in what is now Poland, in areas captured by the Soviet
Red Army and off-limits to Western investigators. In 1960 Dr. Martin Broszat, who is now director of the Munich-based Institute for Contemporary History, which is funded by the West German government to SUPPORT the Holocaust story, wrote a letter to
he German weekly "Die Zeit" in which he stated categorically: "Neither in Dachau nor in Bergen-Belsen nor in Buchenwald were Jews or other prisoners gassed."^16 Professional Nazi-hunter Simon Wiesenthal wrote in 1975 that "there were no extermination
camps on German soil."^17 And Dachau "gas chamber" No. 2, which was once presented to a stunned and grieving world as a weapon which claimed hundreds of thousands of lives, is now described in the brochure issued to tourists at the modern Dachau "memorial site" in these words: "This gas chamber, camouflaged as a shower room, was not used."^18</p>
<p> The Propaganda Intensifies</p>
<p> More than forty years after American troops entered Dachau, Buchenwald, and the other German camps, and trained American investigators established the facts as to what had gone on in them, the government in Washington, the entertainment media in
<p> The Propaganda Intensifies</p>
<p> More than forty years after American troops entered Dachau, Buchenwald, and the other German camps, and trained American investigators established the facts as to what had gone on in them, the government in Washington, the entertainment media in
Hollywood, and the print media in New York continue to churn out millions of words and images annually on the horrors of the camps and the infamy of the Holocaust. Despite the fact that, with the exception of the defeated Confederacy, no enemy of America has ever so suffered so complete and devestating defeat as did Germany in 1945, the mass media and the politicians and bureaucrats behave as if Hitler, his troops, and his concentration camps continue to exist in an eternal present, and our opinion makers continue to distort, through ignorance or malice, the facts about the camps.</p>
<p> Time for the Truth</p>
<p> It is time that the government and the professional historians revealed the facts about Dachau, Buchenwald, and the other camps. It is time that they let the American public know how the inmates died, and how they didn't die. It is time that the
<p> Time for the Truth</p>
<p> It is time that the government and the professional historians revealed the facts about Dachau, Buchenwald, and the other camps. It is time that they let the American public know how the inmates died, and how they didn't die. It is time that the
claims as to mass murder by gassing were clarified and investigated in the same manner as any other claims of murder are dealt with. It is time that the free ride certain groups have enjoyed as the result of unchallenged Holocaust claims be terminate, just as it is time that other groups, including Germans, eastern Europeans, the Roman Catholic hierarchy, and the wartime leadership of America and Britain stop being scapegoated, either for their alleged role in the Holocaust or their supposed failure to stop it.</p>
<p> Above all, it is time that the citizens of this great democratic Republic have the facts about the camps, facts which they possess a right to know, a right that is fundamental to the exercise of their authority and their will in the governance o
<p> Above all, it is time that the citizens of this great democratic Republic have the facts about the camps, facts which they possess a right to know, a right that is fundamental to the exercise of their authority and their will in the governance o
their country. As citizens and as taxpayers, Americans of all ethnic backgrounds, of all faiths, have a basic right and an overriding interest in determining the facts of incidents which are deemed by those in positions of power to be determinative in America's foreign policy, in its educational policy, in its selection of past events to be memorialized in our civic life. The alleged facts of the Holocaust are today at issue all over the civilized world: in Germany, in France, in Italy, in Britain, in the Low Countries and Scandinavia, in Japan, across our border in Canada and in the United States of America itself. The truth will be decided only by recourse to the facts, in the public forum: not by concealing the facts, denying the truth, stonewalling reality. The truth will out, and it is time the government of this country, and governments and international bodies throughout the world, made public and patent the evidence of what actually transpired in the German concentration camps in
the years 1933-1945, so that we may put paid to the lies, without fear or favor, and carry out the work of reconciliation and renewal that is and must be the granite foundation of mutual tolerance between peoples and of a peace based on justice, rather than on guns, barbed wire, prisons, and lies.</p>
<p> NOTES</p>
<p> 1. _Crime Doctor_, a biography of Larson by John D. McCallum, Mercer,
<p> NOTES</p>
<p> 1. _Crime Doctor_, a biography of Larson by John D. McCallum, Mercer,
Washington &amp; Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1979, p. 69.</p>
<p> 2. _Wichita Eagle_, April 1, 1980, p. 4C.</p>
<p> 3. _Crime Doctor_, p. 46.</p>
<p> 4. _Wichita Eagle_, April 1, 1980, p. 4C.</p>
<p> 5. John E. Gordon, "Louse-Borne Typhus Fever in the European Theater of
<p> 2. _Wichita Eagle_, April 1, 1980, p. 4C.</p>
<p> 3. _Crime Doctor_, p. 46.</p>
<p> 4. _Wichita Eagle_, April 1, 1980, p. 4C.</p>
<p> 5. John E. Gordon, "Louse-Borne Typhus Fever in the European Theater of
Operations, U.S. Army, 1945," in Forest Ray Moulton, Ed., _Rickettsial
Diseases of Man_, Am. Acad. for the Advancement of Science, Washington D.C.
1948.</p>
<p> 6. _Toronto Star_, February 8, 1985, p. A2.</p>
<p> 7. _New York Times_, 24 September 1948, p. 3.</p>
<p> 8. Interview with Lucius Clay, _Official Proceeding of the George C. Marshall
<p> 6. _Toronto Star_, February 8, 1985, p. A2.</p>
<p> 7. _New York Times_, 24 September 1948, p. 3.</p>
<p> 8. Interview with Lucius Clay, _Official Proceeding of the George C. Marshall
Research Foundation,_ cited in "Buchenwald: Legend and Reality," Mark
Weber, _The Journal of Historical Review_, Vol. 7, no. 4.</p>
<p> 9. International Military Tribunal, Vol. XVII, p. 556; IMT, Vol. XX, pp. 489,
<p> 9. International Military Tribunal, Vol. XVII, p. 556; IMT, Vol. XX, pp. 489,
438.</p>
<p>10. Cited in _The Theory and Practice of Hell_, Eugen Kogon, Berkley Books, New
<p>10. Cited in _The Theory and Practice of Hell_, Eugen Kogon, Berkley Books, New
York, pp. 108-109.</p>
<p>11. Nuremberg document NO-1523.</p>
<p>12. _Buchenwald: A Preliminary Report_, Egon W. Fleck and Edward A. Tenenbaum,
<p>11. Nuremberg document NO-1523.</p>
<p>12. _Buchenwald: A Preliminary Report_, Egon W. Fleck and Edward A. Tenenbaum,
U.S. Army, 12th Army Group, 24 April 1945. National Archives, Record Group
331, SHAEF, G-5, 17.11, Jacket 10, Box 151 (8929/163-8929/180).</p>
<p>13. "Communist Atrocities at Buchenwald," Donald B. Robinson, in _American
<p>13. "Communist Atrocities at Buchenwald," Donald B. Robinson, in _American
Mercury_, October 1946.</p>
<p>14. _San Bernardino Sun-Telegram_, March 13, 1966 (cited in _The Man Who
<p>14. _San Bernardino Sun-Telegram_, March 13, 1966 (cited in _The Man Who
Invented "Genocide"_, James J. Martin, Institute for Historical Review,
IHR, 1984, pp. 110-111.</p>
<p>15. _Concentration Camp at Natzwiller [sic]_, RG 331, Records of Allied
<p>15. _Concentration Camp at Natzwiller [sic]_, RG 331, Records of Allied
Operations and Occupation, Army Headquarters WW2, SHAEF/G-5/2717, Modern
Military, National Archives, Washington, D.C., cited in Robert H. Abzug,
_Inside the Vicious Heart_, Oxford University Press, New York, 1985, p. 10,
p. 181.</p>
<p>16. _Die Zeit_, Hamburg, Germany, August 26, 1960.</p>
<p>17. _Books &amp; Bookmen_, April 1975, Vol. 7, p. 5.</p>
<p>18. Leaflet, _Memorial Site Concentration Camp Dachau_, The International
<p>16. _Die Zeit_, Hamburg, Germany, August 26, 1960.</p>
<p>17. _Books &amp; Bookmen_, April 1975, Vol. 7, p. 5.</p>
<p>18. Leaflet, _Memorial Site Concentration Camp Dachau_, The International
Dachau-Committee, Dachau, Germany, n.d.
_______________________________________________________________________________</p>
<p> Theodore J. O'Keefe is the editor of "The Journal of Historical Review." Educated at Harvard, he has studied history and literature on three continents, and has published many articles on historical and political subjects.
<p> Theodore J. O'Keefe is the editor of "The Journal of Historical Review." Educated at Harvard, he has studied history and literature on three continents, and has published many articles on historical and political subjects.
_____________________________________________________________________________
The conclusions of the early U.S. Army investigations as to the
truth about the wartime German concentration camps have since been
@ -129,14 +130,15 @@ silent regarding the lies about Dachau and Buchenwald, as well as to
evade an open discussion of the evidence for homicidal gassing at
Auschwitz and the other camps captured by the Soviets.
|_____________________________________________________________________________|</p>
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CARTER'S TRUE LEGACY SHOCKING</p>
<p> By Mike Blair
<p> By Mike Blair
Exclusive to The SPOTLIGHT</p>
<p>Washington, DC -- While many frown when they think of the high interest
<p>Washington, DC -- While many frown when they think of the high interest
rates, U.S. hostages held abroad and foreign policy giveaways associated
with the Carter administration, former President Jimmy Carter's true legacy
may be even more shocking than imagined.</p>
<p> Carter seemingly ran an end run around a law passed in the wake of
<p> Carter seemingly ran an end run around a law passed in the wake of
Watergate and signed before Carter took office, which limited White House
powers, when he formed the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).</p>
<p> FEMA was based on Richard Nixon's Executive Order (EO) 11490.</p>
<p> The legislation contained nearly 200000 words on 32 pages. It
<p> FEMA was based on Richard Nixon's Executive Order (EO) 11490.</p>
<p> The legislation contained nearly 200000 words on 32 pages. It
pertained to every executive order ever issued unless specifically revoked.</p>
<p> When Carter took office, EO 11490 was incorporated into a new order
<p> When Carter took office, EO 11490 was incorporated into a new order
allowing a president to assume dictatorial powers during any self-proclaimed "emergency" situation; these powers will remain with a president
until specifically revoked by Congress.</p>
<p> Some senators thought they had successfully squashed the chief
<p> Some senators thought they had successfully squashed the chief
executive's "national emergency" powers more than 10 years ago, after a
bipartisan congressional committee pushed the National Emergencies Act into
law.</p>
<p> Until September 14, 1976, the nation's chief executive officer was
<p> Until September 14, 1976, the nation's chief executive officer was
empowered by more than 470 special statues to "seize property, organize and
control the means of production, seize commodities, institute martial law,
seize and control all transportation and communication, regulate the
operation of private enterprise, restrict travel and, in a host of other
ways, control the lives of Americans," then-Sen. Frank Church (D-Idaho)
said in the _Congressional Record_.</p>
<p> The National Emergencies Act, which took effect in 1978, was supposed
<p> The National Emergencies Act, which took effect in 1978, was supposed
to prevent the nation from turning into a potential dictatorship.
Presidents had used their "emergency" powers at least four times in the
previous 45 years.</p>
<p> The president held this little-known sway over citizens through
<p> The president held this little-known sway over citizens through
executive orders, which he could write into law in a moment's notice. No
group, neither elected officials, business leaders, nor private citizens,
had the power to void these laws.</p>
<p> Franklin Roosevelt invoked a national emergency in 1933 to deal with
<p> Franklin Roosevelt invoked a national emergency in 1933 to deal with
the banking crisis, and Harry Truman responded to the Korean War with an
emergency act in 1950.</p>
<p> Richard Nixon declared a pair of crises. In March 1970 he declared a
<p> Richard Nixon declared a pair of crises. In March 1970 he declared a
national emergency to deal with the post office strike. The Nixon White
House was at it again 16 months later when it implemented currency
restriction in August of 1971 in order to control foreign trade.</p>
<p> Then, in 1976, after two years of public hearings and committee
<p> Then, in 1976, after two years of public hearings and committee
meetings, a bipartisan special congressional Committee on Emergency Powers
pushed legislation to wrestle power from the White House.</p>
<p> The National Emergencies Act became law on September 14, 1978,.
<p> The National Emergencies Act became law on September 14, 1978,.
Senators used the second anniversary of their law to pat each other on the
back -- through the _Congressional Record_ -- and to attempt to establish
Congress's role in national security.</p>
<p> "The Congress must never again trade away its responsibilities in the
<p> "The Congress must never again trade away its responsibilities in the
name of national emergency," Church said. "Let that be one of the lessons
learned from the investigation completed, the passage of the National
Emergencies Act and the termination today of emergency powers."</p>
<p> Church's warning fell on deaf ears. Less than one year later,
<p> Church's warning fell on deaf ears. Less than one year later,
President Jimmy Carter ordered into being an entire apparatus --
unprecedented in American history -- designed to seize and exercise all
political, economic and military power in the United States.</p>
<p> Carter, Ronald Reagan, George Bush or any future president could
<p> Carter, Ronald Reagan, George Bush or any future president could
establish himself as total dictator.</p>
<p> Carter did this with an executive order -- EO 12148.</p>
<p> An executive order has never been defined by Congress. The validity
<p> Carter did this with an executive order -- EO 12148.</p>
<p> An executive order has never been defined by Congress. The validity
of such directives has been questioned many times, but there has never been
a decision made by the courts or Congress on how far-reaching executive
orders may be.</p>
<p> Through existing executive orders it is possible for one person to
<p> Through existing executive orders it is possible for one person to
ignore the Constitution, Congress and the will of the American people. A
complete dictatorship can be imposed under the veil of law.</p>
<p> A declaration by the president of the existence of a "national
<p> A declaration by the president of the existence of a "national
emergency" has always stopped short of martial law, although the president
has that prerogative. Undoubtedly it would be exercised in the event of an
attack on the United States.</p>
<p> An attempt was made to incorporate all the "national emergency" powers
<p> An attempt was made to incorporate all the "national emergency" powers
into one law under Nixon. However, in the wake of the Watergate scandal,
he was unable to pull off the presidential coup.</p>
<p> Carter, a Trilateralist, did.</p>
<p>Reproduced with permission from a special supplement to _The Spotlight_,
<p> Carter, a Trilateralist, did.</p>
<p>Reproduced with permission from a special supplement to _The Spotlight_,
May 25, 1992. This text may be freely reproduced provided acknowledgement
to The Spotlight appears, including this address:</p>
<p> The SPOTLIGHT
<p> The SPOTLIGHT
300 Independence Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20003
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>CUBA, CASTRO, and the UNITED STATES
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>CUBA, CASTRO, and the UNITED STATES
or How One Man With A Cigar Dominated American Foreign Policy</p>
<p> In 1959, a rebel, Fidel Castro, overthrew the reign of
<p> In 1959, a rebel, Fidel Castro, overthrew the reign of
Fulgencia Batista in Cuba; a small island 90 miles off the
Florida coast. There have been many coups and changes of
government in the world since then. Few if any have had the
effect on Americans and American foreign policy as this one.</p>
<p>In 1952, Sergeant Fulgencia Batista staged a successful
<p>In 1952, Sergeant Fulgencia Batista staged a successful
bloodless coup in Cuba . </p>
<p>Batista never really had any cooperation and rarely
<p>Batista never really had any cooperation and rarely
garnered much support. His reign was marked by continual
dissension.
</p>
<p> After waiting to see if Batista would be seriously opposed,
<p> After waiting to see if Batista would be seriously opposed,
Washington recognized his government. Batista had already
broken ties with the Soviet Union and became an ally to the
U.S. throughout the cold war. He was continually friendly and
helpful to American business interest. But he failed to bring
democracy to Cuba or secure the broad popular support that
might have legitimized his rape of the 1940 Constitution.</p>
<p>As the people of Cuba grew increasingly dissatisfied with
<p>As the people of Cuba grew increasingly dissatisfied with
his gangster style politics, the tiny rebellions that had
sprouted began to grow. Meanwhile the U.S. government was
aware of and shared the distaste for a regime increasingly
nauseating to most public opinion. It became clear that Batista
regime was an odious type of government. It killed its own
citizens, it stifled dissent. (1)</p>
<p> At this time Fidel Castro appeared as leader of the growing
<p> At this time Fidel Castro appeared as leader of the growing
rebellion. Educated in America he was a proponent of the
Marxist-Leninist philosophy. He conducted a brilliant guerilla
campaign from the hills of Cuba against Batista. On January
1959, he prevailed and overthrew the Batista government.</p>
<p>Castro promised to restore democracy in Cuba, a feat
<p>Castro promised to restore democracy in Cuba, a feat
Batista had failed to accomplish. This promise was looked
upon benevolently but watchfully by Washington. Castro was
believed to be too much in the hands of the people to stretch
@ -40,13 +41,13 @@ the rules of politics very far. The U.S. government supported
Castro's coup. It professed to not know about Castro's
Communist leanings. Perhaps this was due to the ramifications
of Senator Joe McCarty's discredited anti-Communist diatribes.</p>
<p>It seemed as if the reciprocal economic interests of the
<p>It seemed as if the reciprocal economic interests of the
U.S. and Cuba would exert a stabilizing effect on Cuban
politics. Cuba had been economically bound to find a market for
its #1 crop, sugar. The U.S. had been buying it at prices much
higher than market price. For this it received a guaranteed
flow of sugar. (2)</p>
<p>Early on however developments clouded the hope for peaceful
<p>Early on however developments clouded the hope for peaceful
relations. According to American Ambassador to Cuba, Phillip
Bonsal, "From the very beginning of his rule Castro and his
sycophants bitterly and sweepingly attacked the relations of
@ -57,16 +58,16 @@ resurgence effort against him. For the most part these were
not true: the U.S. put a trade embargo on Batista in 1957
stopping the U.S. shipment of arms to Cuba. (4) However, his
last accusation seems to have been prescient.</p>
<p>With the advent of Castro the history of U.S.- Cuban
<p>With the advent of Castro the history of U.S.- Cuban
relations was subjected to a revision of an intensity and
cynicism which left earlier efforts in the shade. This
downfall took two roads in the eyes of Washington: Castro's
incessant campaign of slander against the U.S. and Castro's
wholesale nationalization of American properties.</p>
<p>These actions and the U.S. reaction to them set the stage
<p>These actions and the U.S. reaction to them set the stage
for what was to become the Bay of Pigs fiasco and the end of
U.S.- Cuban relations.</p>
<p>Castro promised the Cuban people that he would bring land
<p>Castro promised the Cuban people that he would bring land
reform to Cuba. When he took power, the bulk of the nations
wealth and land was in the hands of a small minority. The huge
plots of land were to be taken from the monopolistic owners and
@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ nation. Today most of the people who expected to become
independent farmers or members of cooperatives in the operation
of which they would have had a voice are now laborers on the
state payroll. (6) </p>
<p>After secretly drawing up his Land Reform Law, Castro used
<p>After secretly drawing up his Land Reform Law, Castro used
it to form the National Institute of Agrarian Reform (INRA)
with broad and ill defined powers. Through the INRA Castro
methodically seized all American holdings in Cuba. He promised
@ -92,12 +93,12 @@ compensation but frequently never gave it. He conducted
investigations into company affairs, holding control over them
in the meantime, and then never divulging the results or giving
back the control. (7)</p>
<p>These seizures were protested. On January 11 Ambassador
<p>These seizures were protested. On January 11 Ambassador
Bonsal delivered a note to Havana protesting the Cuban
government seizure of U.S. citizens property. The note was
rejected the same night as a U.S. attempt to keep economic
control over Cuba. (8)</p>
<p>As this continued Castro was engineering a brilliant
<p>As this continued Castro was engineering a brilliant
propaganda campaign aimed at accusing the U.S. of "conspiring
with the counter revolutionaries against the Castro regime"(9).
Castro's ability to whip the masses into a frenzy with wispy
@ -106,19 +107,19 @@ his main asset. He constantly found events which he could work
the "ol Castro magic " on, as Nixon said , to turn it into
another of the long list of grievances, real or imagined, that
Cuba had suffered.</p>
<p>Throughout Castro's rule there had been numerous minor
<p>Throughout Castro's rule there had been numerous minor
attacks and disturbances in Cuba. Always without any
investigation whatsoever, Castro would blatantly and publicly
blame the U.S.. </p>
<p>Castro continually called for hearings at the Organization
<p>Castro continually called for hearings at the Organization
of American States and the United Nations to hear charges
against the U.S. of "overt aggression". These charges were
always denied by the councils. (10)</p>
<p>Two events that provided fuel for the Castro propaganda
<p>Two events that provided fuel for the Castro propaganda
furnace stand out. These are the "bombing" of Havana on
October 21 and the explosion of the French munitions ship La
Coubre on March 4, 1960.(11)</p>
<p>On the evening of October 21 the former captain of the
<p>On the evening of October 21 the former captain of the
rebel air force, Captain Dian-Lanz, flew over Havana and
dropped a quantity of virulently anti-Castro leaflets. This was
an American failure to prevent international flights in
@ -132,46 +133,46 @@ Bonsal said, "This incident was so welcome to Castro for his
purposes that I was not surprised when, at a later date, a
somewhat similar flight was actually engineered by Cuban secret
agents in Florida."(12)</p>
<p> This outburst constituted "the beginning of the end " in
<p> This outburst constituted "the beginning of the end " in
U.S.- Cuban relations. President Eisenhower stated ,"Castro's
performance on October 26 on the "bombing" of Havana spelled
the end of my hope for rational relations between Cuba and the
U.S."(13)</p>
<p>Up until 1960 the U.S. had followed a policy of non
<p>Up until 1960 the U.S. had followed a policy of non
intervention in Cuba. It had endured the slander and seizure
of lands, still hoping to maintain relations. This ended,
when, on March 4, the French munitions ship La Coubre arrived
at Havana laden with arms and munitions for the Cuban
government. It promptly blew up with serious loss of life. (14)</p>
<p>Castro and his authorities wasted no time venomously
<p>Castro and his authorities wasted no time venomously
denouncing the U.S. for an overt act of sabotage. Some
observers concluded that the disaster was due to the careless
way the Cubans unloaded the cargo. (15) Sabotage was possible
but it was preposterous to blame the U.S. without even a
pretense of an investigation. </p>
<p>Castro's reaction to the La Coubre explosion may have been
<p>Castro's reaction to the La Coubre explosion may have been
what tipped the scales in favor of Washington's abandonment of
the non intervention policy. This, the continued slander, and
the fact that the Embassy had had no reply from the Cuban
government to its representations regarding the cases of
Americans victimized by the continuing abuses of the INRA.</p>
<p>The American posture of moderation was beginning to become,
<p>The American posture of moderation was beginning to become,
in the face of Castro's insulting and aggressive behavior, a
political liability. (16)</p>
<p>The new American policy, not announced as such, but
<p>The new American policy, not announced as such, but
implicit in the the actions of the United States government was
one of overthrowing Castro by all means available to the U.S.
short of open employment of American armed forces in Cuba.</p>
<p>It was at this time that the controversial decision was
<p>It was at this time that the controversial decision was
taken to allow the CIA to begin recruiting and training of
ex-Cuban exiles for anti-Castro military service. (17)</p>
<p>Shortly after this decision, following in quick steps,
<p>Shortly after this decision, following in quick steps,
aggressive policies both on the side of Cuba and the U.S. led
to the eventual finale in the actual invasion of Cuba by the
U.S!</p>
<p>In June 1960 the U.S. started a series of economic
<p>In June 1960 the U.S. started a series of economic
aggressions toward Cuba aimed at accelerating their downfall.</p>
<p>The first of these measures was the advice of the U.S. to
<p>The first of these measures was the advice of the U.S. to
the oil refineries in Cuba to refuse to handle the crude
petroleum that the Cubans were receiving from the Soviet Union.
The companies such as Shell and Standard Oil had been buying
@ -187,23 +188,23 @@ crude damaging the
machines seems to be an excuse to cover up the attempted
economic strangulation of Cuba. (The crude worked just fine as
is soon to be shown)</p>
<p>Upon receiving the refusal Che Gueverra, the newly
<p>Upon receiving the refusal Che Gueverra, the newly
appointed head of the National Bank,and known anti-American,
seized all three major oil company refineries and began
producing all the Soviet crude,not just the 50% they had
earlier bargained for. This was a big victory and a stepping
stone towards increasing the soon to be controversial alliance
with Russia.</p>
<p>On July 6, a week after the intervention of the refineries,
<p>On July 6, a week after the intervention of the refineries,
President Eisenhower announced that the balance of Cuba's 1960
sugar quota for the supply of sugar to the U.S. was to be
suspended. (18). This action was regarded as a reprisal to
the intervention of the refineries. It seems obvious that it
was a major element in the calculated overthrow of Castro.</p>
<p>In addition to being an act of destroying the U.S. record
<p>In addition to being an act of destroying the U.S. record
for statesmanship in Latin America, this forced Cuba into
Russia's arms and vice-versa.</p>
<p>The immediate loss to Cuba was 900000 tons of sugar
<p>The immediate loss to Cuba was 900000 tons of sugar
unsold. This was valued at about $100000000.(19) Had the
Russians not come to the rescue it would have been a serious
blow to Cuba. But come to the rescue they did, cementing the
@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ never given himself. As Ernest Hemingway put it,"I just hope to
Christ that the United States doesn't cut the sugar quota. That
will really tear it. It will make Cuba a gift to the
Russians." (20) And now the gift had been made.</p>
<p>Castro had announced earlier in a speech that action
<p>Castro had announced earlier in a speech that action
against the sugar quota would cost Americans in Cuba "down to
the nails in their shoes" (21) Castro did his best to carry
that out. In a decree made as the Law of Nationalization, he
@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ authorized expropriation of American property at Che Gueverra's
discretion. The compensation scheme was such that under
current U.S. - Cuban trade relations it was worthless and
therefore confiscation without compensation.</p>
<p>The Soviet Unions assumption of responsibility of Cuba's
<p>The Soviet Unions assumption of responsibility of Cuba's
economic welfare gave the Russians a politico-military stake in
Cuba. Increased arms shipments from the U.S.S.R and
Czechoslovakia enabled Castro to rapidly strengthen and expand
@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ the embargo accomplished was to give Castro a godsend. For the
past 25 years Castro has blamed the shortages, rationings,
breakdowns and even some of the unfavorable weather conditions
on the U.S. blockade.</p>
<p>On January 6, 1961, Castro formally broke relations with
<p>On January 6, 1961, Castro formally broke relations with
the United States and ordered the staff of the U.S. embassy to
leave. Immediately after the break in relations he ordered
full scale mobilization of his armed forces to repel an
@ -251,10 +252,10 @@ under new President-elect Kennedy was gearing up for the Cuban
exile invasion of Cuba. The fact that this secret was ill kept
led to increased arms being shipped to Cuba by Russia in late
1960.</p>
<p>President Kennedy inherited from the Eisenhower-Nixon
<p>President Kennedy inherited from the Eisenhower-Nixon
administration the operation that became the Bay of Pigs
expedition. The plan was ill conceived and a fiasco.</p>
<p>Both Theodore Sorensen and Arthur Schlesinger describe the
<p>Both Theodore Sorensen and Arthur Schlesinger describe the
President as the victim of a process set in motion before his
inauguration and which he, in the first few weeks of his
administration, was unable to arrest in spite of his
@ -262,23 +263,23 @@ misgivings. Mr. Schlesinger writes -"Kennedy saw the project
in the patios of the bureaucracy as a contingency plan. He did
not yet realize how contingency planning could generate its own
reality." (23)</p>
<p>The fact is that Kennedy had promised to pursue a more
<p>The fact is that Kennedy had promised to pursue a more
successful policy towards Cuba. I fail to see how the proposed
invasion could be looked upon as successful. The plan he
inherited called for 1500 patriots to seize control over their
seven million fellow citizens from over 100000 well trained,
well armed Castroite militia!</p>
<p>As if the plan wasn't doomed from the start, the
<p>As if the plan wasn't doomed from the start, the
information the CIA had gathered about the strength of the
uprising in Cuba was outrageously misleading. If we had won,
it still would have taken prolonged U.S. intervention to make
it work. This along with Kennedys decision to rule out
American forces or even American officers or experts, whose
participation was planned, doomed the whole affair.</p>
<p>Additionally these impromptu ground rules were not relayed
<p>Additionally these impromptu ground rules were not relayed
to the exiles by the CIA, who were expecting massive U.S.
military backing!</p>
<p>The exiles had their own problems; guns didn't work, ships
<p>The exiles had their own problems; guns didn't work, ships
sank, codes for communication were wrong, the ammunition was
the wrong kind - everything that could go wrong, did. As could
be imagined the anti-Castro opposition achieved not one of its
@ -287,11 +288,11 @@ permanent goals. Upon landing at the Bay of Pigs on April 17,
politics. By April 20, only three days later, Castro's forces
had completely destroyed any semblance of the mission: they
killed 300 and captured the remaining 1200!</p>
<p>Many people since then have chastised Kennedy for his
<p>Many people since then have chastised Kennedy for his
decision to pull U.S. military forces. I feel that his only
mistake was in going ahead in the first place, although, as
stated earlier, it seems as if he may not have had much choice.</p>
<p>I feel Kennedy showed surer instincts in this matter than
<p>I feel Kennedy showed surer instincts in this matter than
his advisors who pleaded with him not to pull U.S. forces. For
if the expedition had succeeded due to American armed forces
rather than the strength of the exile forces and the anti-Castro movement within Cuba, the post Castro government would
@ -302,13 +303,13 @@ Bay of Pigs operation was a tragic experience for the Cubans
who took part, but its failure was a fortunate (if mortifying)
experience for the U.S., which otherwise might have been
saddled with indefinite occupation of the island.</p>
<p>Beyond its immediately damaging effects, the Bay of Pigs
<p>Beyond its immediately damaging effects, the Bay of Pigs
fiasco has shown itself to have far reaching consequences.</p>
<p>Washington's failure to achieve its goal in Cuba provided
<p>Washington's failure to achieve its goal in Cuba provided
the catalyst for Russia to seek an advantage and install
nuclear missiles in Cuba. The resulting "missile crisis" in
1962 was the closest we have been to thermonuclear war.</p>
<p>America's gain may have been America's loss. A successful
<p>America's gain may have been America's loss. A successful
Bay of Pigs may have brought the United States one advantage.
The strain on American political and military assets resulting
from the need to keep the lid on in Cuba might have lid on Cuba
@ -316,12 +317,12 @@ might have led the President of the United States to resist,
rather than to enthusiastically embrace, the advice he received
in 1964 and 1965 to make a massive commitment of American air
power, ground forces, and prestige in Vietnam.</p>
<p>Cuban troops have been a major presence as Soviet
<p>Cuban troops have been a major presence as Soviet
surrogates all over the world, notably in Angola.</p>
<p>The threat of exportation of Castro's revolution permeates
<p>The threat of exportation of Castro's revolution permeates
U.S.-Central and South American policy. (Witness the invasion
of Grenada.)</p>
<p>This fear still dominates todays headlines. For years the
<p>This fear still dominates todays headlines. For years the
U.S. has urged support for government of El Salvador and the
right wing Contras in Nicaragua. The major concern underlying
American policy in the area is Castro's influence. The fear of
@ -331,7 +332,7 @@ Presidency in the recent Iran - Contra affair. As a result the
U.S. government has once again faced a crisis which threatens
to destroy its credibility in foreign affairs. All because of
one man with a cigar.</p>
<p>In concluding I would like to state my own feelings on the
<p>In concluding I would like to state my own feelings on the
whole affair as they formed in researching the topic. To
start, all the information I could gather was one-sided. All
the sources were American written, and encompassed an American
@ -365,18 +366,19 @@ ammunition was
the wrong kind - everything that could go wrong, di
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<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron 415-935-5845
Just Say Yes 415-922-1613
Rat Head 415-524-3649
Cheez Whiz 408-363-9766
Reality Check 415-474-2602
</p>
<p>
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<p>Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
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where you live, or what your phone number is. We are not Big Brother.</p>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"</p>
</div>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"</p>
</div>
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@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> CELINE'S LAWS
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> CELINE'S LAWS
by Hagbard Celine</p>
<p> As every thinking person has noticed, our national life has
<p> As every thinking person has noticed, our national life has
become increasingly weird and surrealistic. The waiting lines at
banks and post offices are growing longer all the time, even
though demographers tell us US population is no longer rising.
@ -32,16 +33,16 @@ for this, but three are especially noteworthy.
********************************************************************************************
NATIONAL SECURITY IS THE CHIEF CAUSE OF NATIONAL INSECURITY!!!
*******************************************************************************</p>
<p>1). Infiltration of the secret police, for the purpose of
<p>1). Infiltration of the secret police, for the purpose of
subversion, will always be a prime goal of internal
revolutionaries. This is an ordinary part of the spy-counterspy
game. There is nothing Weather Underground would like better
than having a few agents in the FBI or CIA, for the same reasons
that the FBI or CIA would like to have a few agents in Weather
Underground.</p>
<p>2). Such infiltration will also be a prime goal of hostile
<p>2). Such infiltration will also be a prime goal of hostile
foreign powers, for the same reasons.</p>
<p> Please note that these are simple facts of the secret-police
<p> Please note that these are simple facts of the secret-police
game, well-known even to the general public, the subject of many
ingenious plots in popular spy films, and not particularly
alarming...yet. Nonetheless, the seeds of Chaos, Discord,
@ -54,9 +55,9 @@ ten years in the CIA, with the possibility of infiltration by
"extraterrestrial" agents. He was eventually retired when he
began to claim that demons in the form of dogs wanted him to
assassinate Laverne and Shirley. </p>
<p>3). Secret-police officials acquire fantastic capacities to
<p>3). Secret-police officials acquire fantastic capacities to
blackmail and intimidate others in goverment.</p>
<p> Stalin executed three chiefs of his secret police in a row,
<p> Stalin executed three chiefs of his secret police in a row,
because of this danger. One of my informants claims that every
president since the National Security Act was passed in 1947 has
learned how to have sexual intercourse without making a single
@ -78,23 +79,23 @@ or to acquiring "too much power" in the opinion of its masters.
(It may even be subject, if Richard Q. was correct in his
anxieties, to extraterrestrial manipulation). And so, it, too,
must be monitored by a secret police of the third order.</p>
<p> But this third-order secret-police (such as Nixon's notorious
<p> But this third-order secret-police (such as Nixon's notorious
"plumbers", or more currently, "The Store"). is also subject to
infiltration or to acquiring too much power...and thus, with
relentless logic, the infinite regress builds. Once a goverment
has n orders of secret police spying on each other, all are
potentially suspect, and to be safe a secret police of order n+1
must be created. And so on, forever.</p>
<p>******************************************
<p>******************************************
* THUS WHO EMPLOY SECRET *
* POLICE MUST MONITOR THEM TO *
* BE SURE THEY ARE NOT ACQUIRING *
* TOO MUCH POWER. *
****************************************** </p>
<p> In practice, of course, this cannot really regress to
<p> In practice, of course, this cannot really regress to
infinity, but only to the point where every other citizen, or
until the funding runs out, whichever comes first.</p>
<p> National Security in practice, then, must always fall short of
<p> National Security in practice, then, must always fall short of
the logically ideal infinite regress which we have shown is
necessary to the achievement of its goal. In that gap between
the ideal of "One nation under survillance, with wiretaps and
@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ regularly call middle-rank officials on the phone and talk in
what appears to be a code. The secret police, of course, are no
fools, and are aware that this might be what it in fact is, a
form of anarchist humor; but they can't be sure.</p>
<p> What usually happens in such cases is this: an official
<p> What usually happens in such cases is this: an official
receives one of these mystery calls, saying perhaps "Pawn to
queen rook five. No wife, no horse, no mustache. A boy has never
wept nor dashed a thousand kim." He knows immediately that
@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ him with eyes that miss nothing and to give a sinister
interpertation to everything. Within ten days, he usually
attempts to contact a foreign goverment to seek political
sanctuary, and the secret-police net closes on him.</p>
<p> By the same process of worry leading to more worry and
<p> By the same process of worry leading to more worry and
suspicion leading to more suspicion, the very act of joining a
ecret-police organization will eventually turn a man or woman
into a clinical paranoi; in layman's terms, "bananas" or "wigged
@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ In fact, the exact percentages of believes in these extravagant
scenarios are quite similar among a group of 1000 CIA agents and
a control group of 1000 readers of the underground press, as
shown in table 1.</p>
<p>Table 1. True Believes in various Conspiracy Theories Among CIA
<p>Table 1. True Believes in various Conspiracy Theories Among CIA
Agents and Underground-Press Readers.
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:: :: :: UNDERGROUND PRESS ::
@ -181,13 +182,13 @@ Agents and Underground-Press Readers.
::It's the Rock n Roll :: :: ::
:: Empire :: 2% :: 2% ::
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: </p>
<p>a). Source: Gallup, Roper, and Hogtied, "WHO'S WATCHING WHOM"
<p>a). Source: Gallup, Roper, and Hogtied, "WHO'S WATCHING WHOM"
(Washington, DC: US Goverment Printing Office, 1979), p. 432.</p>
<p>b). All figures are percentages. Figures do not add to 100, for
<p>b). All figures are percentages. Figures do not add to 100, for
a variety of reasons. For a list of them, please send 25 cents
and a list of suspicious persons in your neighborhood to the US
Dept. of Bedding, Washington DC 20001.</p>
<p>c). Includes those who blame it all on the Bavarian Illuminati;
<p>c). Includes those who blame it all on the Bavarian Illuminati;
those who hold a multiconspiracy theory (e.g., the Lesbian
Vegetarians are allied with the Yankees and Bilderbergers against
the Cowboys, the TV Networks, and the Cattle Mutilators); those
@ -196,11 +197,11 @@ claim that demons in the form of dogs told them it's connected
somehow with the alligators in New York's sewers.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</p>
<p>************************************
<p>************************************
* IN RUSSIA, THE GOVERMENT IS *
* TERRIFIED OF PAINTERS AND POETS! *
************************************</p>
<p> Now, Table 1 clearly gives a picture of a rather schizzed-out
<p> Now, Table 1 clearly gives a picture of a rather schizzed-out
nation. This is the result of the impossible infinite regress
and its resultant of worry leading to more worry.
Furthermore, if there is a secret police at all, in any nation
@ -214,19 +215,19 @@ many nongovernmental agencies, will be regarded by reasonable
persons with fear and trepidation. Proverbs like "One can't be
too careful these days" and "Better safe than sorry" become a
kind of sinister folk wisdom.</p>
<p> But further yet: any government which already has a secret
<p> But further yet: any government which already has a secret
police (and a secret police monitoring the secret police, etc).
will become alarmed on observing that its more hip and
intelligent citizens now regard it with loathing and misgivings.
The government will therefore increase the size and powers of the
secret police. This is the only rational move, within the
context of the secret-police game.</p>
<p>******************************
<p>******************************
* SOMETHING PASSING AS A *
* BRANCH OF HEW MIGHT BE A *
* FRONT FOR THE CIA! *
****************************** </p>
<p> (The only alternative was once suggested sarcastically by
<p> (The only alternative was once suggested sarcastically by
playwright Bert Brecht, who said, "If the government doesn't
trust the people, why does'nt it dissovle them and elect new
people?" No way has yet been invented to elect a new people; so
@ -257,13 +258,13 @@ to have said, "Anybody in Washington these days who isn't
paranoid is crazy!"
One could generalize the remark: anyone in the United States
today who isn't paranoid must be crazy!!!</p>
<p>**********************************
<p>**********************************
* "IF THE GOVERMENT DOESN'T *
* TRUST THE PEOPLE, WHY DOESN'T *
* IT DISSOLVE THEM AND ELECT A *
* NEW PEOPLE?" *
**********************************</p>
<p> The deliberate production of misinformation (or, as
<p> The deliberate production of misinformation (or, as
intelligence agencies more euphemistically call it,
disinformation) creates a situation profoundly disorienting to
the philosopher, the scientist, and the ordinary Joe who wants to
@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ gang of special effects experts. Perhaps these archskeptics are
the sanest ones left among us. Who among the readers of this
file has a security clearance high enough to be ABSOLUTELY sure
that these ultraparanoids are wrong?</p>
<p> This general tendency toward chaos discord, and confusion,
<p> This general tendency toward chaos discord, and confusion,
once a secret police has been established, is complicated and
accelerated by Celine's Second Law, to wit: "Accurate
communication is only possible in a nonpunishing situation."
@ -318,11 +319,11 @@ above them. This is absolutely vital; job security depends on
it. It is much less important---a luxury that can easily be
discarded---that these perceptions be in accord with actual
reality.</p>
<p>*************************
<p>*************************
* COMMUNICATION IS ONLY *
* BETWEEN EQUALS. *
*************************</p>
<p> For instance, in the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover, the agent had
<p> For instance, in the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover, the agent had
to develop the capacity to see godless communists everywhere.
Any agent whose perceptions indicated that there were actually
very few godless communists anywhere in this country wold
@ -386,7 +387,7 @@ it.
* THEY DO, THEY ARE CAREFUL TO *
* HIDE THE FACT! *
********************************</p>
<p> An honest politician (bocca grande giganticus) is far more
<p> An honest politician (bocca grande giganticus) is far more
dangerous. He or she is sincerley commited to bettering society
by political action. In practice, that means by writing and
enacting more laws. Indeed, many groups of idealistic citizens
@ -406,7 +407,7 @@ rising crime rate is the rising number of laws being enacted. An
honest politician, who keeps his nose to the grindstone and
enacts several hundered laws in the course of his career, thereby
produces as many as several million new criminals. </p>
<p> It is furthermore mathematically demonstrable that the more
<p> It is furthermore mathematically demonstrable that the more
laws there are, the more restrictions there are on the freedom of
the individual. If there were, say, only three laws in a given
society---e.g., Thou shalt not kill; thau shalt not steal; thou
@ -436,7 +437,7 @@ prohibited."
* EVERY LAW CREATES A WHOLE *
* NEW CRIMINAL CLASS OVERNIGHT! *
*********************************</p>
<p> At that stage the nightmare world of Orwell's 1984 will be
<p> At that stage the nightmare world of Orwell's 1984 will be
achieved. Crooked politicians, merely interested in the normal
human activity of making themselves rich and comfortable, could
never create that ultimate horror; but honest and idealistic
@ -453,7 +454,7 @@ ALL cases. Of course, the American Sociological Association says
I am mad. Mad, am I? They said the Wright Brothers were mad.
They said Edison was mad. They said Baron Frankenstein was
mad...</p>
<p>HABARD CELINE was trained in contract law and naval engineering
<p>HABARD CELINE was trained in contract law and naval engineering
but claims he acquired his real education playing the piano in a
whorehouse. He is captain of the world's largest yellow
submarine, the Leif Erikson, and president of Gold and Appel
@ -465,15 +466,16 @@ alternative identities as Howard Cork, Carl Cory, Hugh Crane,
Clutch Cargo, Captain Nemo, etc., and has appeared in countless
epics and sagas.
I am mad. </p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron 415-935-5845
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron 415-935-5845
Just Say Yes 415-922-2008
Rat Head 415-524-3649
Cheez Whiz 408-363-9766</p>
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
arcane knowledge, political extremism, diversive sexuality,
insane speculation, and wild rumours. ALL-TEXT BBS SYSTEMS.</p>
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
where you live, or what your phone number is. We are not Big Brother.</p>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"</p>
</div>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"</p>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>CHRISTIANITY AND FREEDOM</p>
<p>By JACOB G. HORNBERGER</p>
<p>Many Americans believe that by supporting the Welfare State,
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>CHRISTIANITY AND FREEDOM</p>
<p>By JACOB G. HORNBERGER</p>
<p>Many Americans believe that by supporting the Welfare State,
they are fulfilling God's great commandment to "love thy
neighbor as thyself." Having been taught in public schools
since childhood that the Welfare State helps needy people,
Americans usually are filled with a deep sense of guilt and
embarrassment whenever they object to any aspect of
governmental assistance for others.</p>
<p>Of course, government officials foster these feelings in order
<p>Of course, government officials foster these feelings in order
to minimize resistance to the Welfare State. For whenever a
citizen objects to any part of the welfare system in America,
he inevitably is assaulted by political officials with such
@ -18,37 +19,37 @@ accusations as: "You hate the poor!"; "You are a racist!"; and
breaking down resistance to welfare programs. And the usual
result is that Americans call for reform, rather than
elimination, of the Welfare State.</p>
<p>But, in actuality, the Welfare State is founded on absolutely
<p>But, in actuality, the Welfare State is founded on absolutely
immoral principles. And not only does a person not further
God's work by advocating or defending the Welfare State, he
instead denigrates it.</p>
<p>One can imagine the following scenario when a new arrival gets
<p>One can imagine the following scenario when a new arrival gets
to the pearly gates:</p>
<p> St. Peter: What did you do to fulfill God's commandment
<p> St. Peter: What did you do to fulfill God's commandment
to love thy neighbor as thyself?</p>
<p> Applicant: I have here my income tax returns, the
<p> Applicant: I have here my income tax returns, the
Internal Revenue Code, and the Federal Register.</p>
<p> St. Peter: What meaning do these items have?</p>
<p> Applicant: St. Peter, you obviously are not familiar with
<p> St. Peter: What meaning do these items have?</p>
<p> Applicant: St. Peter, you obviously are not familiar with
the Welfare State of the United States of America. These
items show how much of my tax money was used by the
government to help others in need. So, please step aside
and let me in.</p>
<p> St. Peter: You were participating in a way of life which
<p> St. Peter: You were participating in a way of life which
constituted a wilful violation of God's sacred
commandment against stealing?</p>
<p> Applicant: Stealing? What are you talking about? Through
<p> Applicant: Stealing? What are you talking about? Through
my tax payments, people were helped.</p>
<p> St. Peter: Was not the political process used to take
<p> St. Peter: Was not the political process used to take
money from people against their will in order to
redistribute to others? Were you not supporting and
participating in this evil way of life?</p>
<p> Applicant: Oh! No, that wasn't me. That was the
<p> Applicant: Oh! No, that wasn't me. That was the
politicians and bureaucrats. I just voted for them, just
like other patriotic Americans. Don't blame me for the
stealing. Just give me credit for all the good that was
done with the loot.</p>
<p>If I held a gun to a person's head, and demanded "Your money
<p>If I held a gun to a person's head, and demanded "Your money
or your life!," most people would believe that I had committed
an immoral (and illegal) act. Suppose I needed the money for
my (or someone else's) education. Would this change the
@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ respond in the negative. While punishment might be mitigated
due to extenuating circumstances, it remains morally (and
legally) wrong to steal, no matter how great the need for
another person's money.</p>
<p>But the interesting phenomenon about the Welfare State is that
<p>But the interesting phenomenon about the Welfare State is that
many people believe that by making the exact same act legal--
that is, by enshrining it into their political system--it
somehow is converted into a moral act. In other words, in the
@ -67,13 +68,13 @@ else; then, it is believed that this political act, immoral if
committed by a private individual, somehow becomes moral
because it is now performed by a democratically elected public
official.</p>
<p>We must also consider the matter of free will--one of the
<p>We must also consider the matter of free will--one of the
greatest gifts which God bestowed on human beings. He
obviously loved us so much that we have been given the freedom
even to deny Him (and our neighbor). In other words, while we
are told to love Him and others, we are not compelled by Him
to do so.</p>
<p>One of the best examples of this wide ambit of freedom is
<p>One of the best examples of this wide ambit of freedom is
found in the story of "The Danger of Riches" in the New
Testament. A rich man approached Jesus and asked, "Teacher,
what good must I do to possess everlasting life?" After the
@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ sell your possessions, and give to the poor. You will then
have treasure in heaven. Afterward, come back and follow me."
Unable to let go of his material wealth, however, the man went
away sad.</p>
<p>The story, of course, is valuable in advising people of the
<p>The story, of course, is valuable in advising people of the
dangers of spiritual or psychological attachment to material
things. But the lesson it teaches is important in another way:
After the young man chose to reject the suggestion to give
@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ them to the poor. In other words, he did not force the man to
comply with the suggestion. Since the man had been given the
freedom to choose, the choice he made, although not the
desired one, was honored.</p>
<p>It is the vital importance of freedom of choice that advocates
<p>It is the vital importance of freedom of choice that advocates
of the Welfare State so often forget. They favor "freedom" but
only when the person chooses the "right" way. In other words,
the person is told, "It is morally and ethically correct that
@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ free to make this decision in your own way . . . but if you
choose the wrong way, we shall simply take your money from
you, against your will, and do with it what you should have
done with it."</p>
<p>It is the great principles of freedom of choice and individual
<p>It is the great principles of freedom of choice and individual
responsibity on which the United States was founded. By and
large, our American ancestors were free to engage in a
tremendously wide range of choices as long as they did not
@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ believed that the primary purpose of government was to protect
the exercise of choice rather than interfere with it. Thus,
for the first century of America's history, there was, for
example, neither income taxation nor welfare.</p>
<p>Does this mean that our ancestors were evil and mean for not
<p>Does this mean that our ancestors were evil and mean for not
providing a Welfare State as their descendants have? Of course
not. It simply means that they believed that each individual
should be free to do what he wants with his own money even
@ -120,14 +121,14 @@ wishes of the majority of his fellow citizens. And the irony
was that 19th-century America was not only the most prosperous
nation in history but also the most charitable nation in
history.</p>
<p>But unfortunately, the American people of the 20th century
<p>But unfortunately, the American people of the 20th century
have rejected and abandoned that philosophy. The idea now is
that people must be forced to be "good" through the political
plunder of the Welfare State. Money is taken from people
against their will so that it can be given to those who need
it. And the taxpayers claim "credit" for all of the "good"
which the political authorities do with their money.</p>
<p>The result, of course, is that the government has become the
<p>The result, of course, is that the government has become the
means by which everyone is trying to live at the expense of
everyone else. Everyone is trying to get his "fair" share of
the loot while, at the same time, blocking out of his mind
@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ that it is being stolen from his friends, neighbors, and
fellow citizens across the land. And everyone is trying to get
his "fair" share of the "credit" while doing everything he can
to protect his own pocketbook.</p>
<p>At the end of the year, it is important to count our
<p>At the end of the year, it is important to count our
blessings. Fortunately, we live in a nation in which, by and
large (and with many exceptions), the government is
constitutionally prohibited from interfering with our
@ -145,13 +146,14 @@ resolutions: Let us resolve to dedicate ourselves to ending
the Welfare State by recapturing the vision of freedom,
private property, and limited government which guided our
American ancestors.</p>
<p>Mr. Hornberger is founder and president of The Future of
<p>Mr. Hornberger is founder and president of The Future of
Freedom Foundation, P.O. Box 9752, Denver, CO 80209.</p>
<p>------------------------------------------------------------
<p>------------------------------------------------------------
From the December 1990 issue of FREEDOM DAILY,
Copyright (c) 1990, The Future of Freedom Foundation,
PO Box 9752, Denver, Colorado 80209, 303-777-3588.
Permission granted to reprint; please give appropriate credit
and send one copy of reprinted material to the Foundation.
</p>
</div>
</div>
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@ -1,46 +1,47 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
CHRONOLOGY OF SECRET SOCIETIES
Excerpted from THE OCCULT CONSPIRACY
by Michael Howard
Published by Destiny Books
Pages 179 - 183
------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> 40000 BCE
<p> 40000 BCE
Early establishment of Mystery schools, as depicted in the Lascaux
cave paintings.</p>
<p> 30000 BCE
<p> 30000 BCE
According to some occult traditions this period saw the
colonization of Asia and Australasia by the inhabitants of the
lost continent of Lemuria or Mu. Goddess worship and matriaarchal
cultures established worldwide.</p>
<p> 10000 BCE
<p> 10000 BCE
Evidence suggestive of early contact between extraterrestials and
Stone Age tribes in Tibet.</p>
<p> 9000 - 8000 BCE
<p> 9000 - 8000 BCE
Estimated date of the destruction of Atlantis, according to some
occult traditions. The Atlantean priesthood flee to establish
colonies in the British Isles, Western Europe, North Africa and
South America. Rise of the Northern Mystery Tradition centered on
the island of Thule and the Aryan culture. Invention of the runic
alphabet.</p>
<p> 5000 BCE
<p> 5000 BCE
First primitive cities established in the Middle East.
Agriculture begins with domestication of animals such as sheep and
goats. Possible contact between extraterrestials and early
Sumerian culture.</p>
<p> 5000 - 3000 BCE
<p> 5000 - 3000 BCE
Formation of the two lands in pre-dynastic Egypt ruled by
outsiders (Isis and Osiris). The Egyptian pantheon of gods
established including Horus, Thoth, Set, Ra, Ptah and Hathor.
Pharoahs regarded as the divine representatives of the Gods.</p>
<p> 3000 - 2000 BCE
<p> 3000 - 2000 BCE
Building of burial mounds and chambered tombs in Western Europe
and the Mediterranean area; the Sphinx and the Great Pyramids of
Giza and Cheops of Egypt; and the ziggurat (Towers of Babel) in
Ur. Sarmoung Brotherhood founded in Babylon.</p>
<p> 2000 - 1000 BCE
<p> 2000 - 1000 BCE
Reign of Thothmes III in Egypt (c. 1480). Foundation of the
Rosicrucian Order. Reign of Akhenaton (c. 1370) who establishes
the mystical Brotherhood of Aton dedicated to the worship of the
@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ Ankhenaton's son Tutankhamun who re-establishes the old pantheon
of Egyptian gods and goddesses. Moses leads Children of Israel
out of slavery in Egypt during the reign of Ramses II to the
promised land of Canaan.</p>
<p> 1000 - 500 BCE
<p> 1000 - 500 BCE
Foundation of the Dionysian Artificers. The building of Solomon's
temple (c. 950). Establishment of the city states of Greece and
the Olympic pantheon of gods to replace earlier Nature worship.
@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ First temples erected in Mexico, Peru and southwest North America.
Celts invade Western Europe. Decline of Goddess worship and rise
of patriarchal sky gods personified by priest-kings. Rome founded
in 750.</p>
<p> 500 BCE - 001 CE
<p> 500 BCE - 001 CE
Celtic culture established in Britain. The foundation of Druidic
wisdom colleges in Gaul and the British Isles. Odin recognized as
major god in the Northern Mysteries replacing the Mother Goddess
@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ Confucius, Pythagoras, Plato and Zoroaster preach their new
religions and philosophies. Maya culture in South America.
Establishment of Eleusinian mystery cults. Rise of the Essene
sect in Palestine and Judea. Birth of Jesus of Nazareth.</p>
<p> 001 - 400 CE
<p> 001 - 400 CE
Jesus possibly travels to India, Tibet and Britain to be initiated
into the esoteric traditions of East and West. Crucified for his
radical political and religious ideas (c. 33). Joseph of
@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ temples (378). Invasion of Rome, Greece and Europe by the
barbarians led by Atilla the Hun (395-480). Withdrawal of the
Roman legions from Britain (395). Foundation of the Order of
Comacine by ex-members of the Roman College of Architects.</p>
<p> 500 - 1000 CE
<p> 500 - 1000 CE
Mohammed founds Islam (dies 632). Celtic Church outlawed by
Council of Whitby (664). Foundation of first Sufi secret
societies (c. 700). First written translation of Emerald Tablet
@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ of Hermes Trismegistus. Charlemagne founds alleged first
Rosicrucian Lodge in Toulouse (898). Foundation of the Cathars,
Druzes and Yezedi (900). Heretical Catholic monks found first
Rosicrucian college (1000).</p>
<p> 1000 - 1400 CE
<p> 1000 - 1400 CE
Foundation of the Order of the Devoted of Assassins by
Hasan-i-Sabbah (1034-1124) and the Order of St John (1050). First
Crusade to the Holy Land (1095). Capture of the city of Jerusalem
@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ by King Philip of France on charges of devil worship, heresy and
sexual perversion (1307). Last official Grand Master of the
Templars, Jacques de Molay, burnt at the stake and the Order goes
underground (1314).</p>
<p> 1400 - 1600 CE
<p> 1400 - 1600 CE
Alleged life of Christian Rosenkreutz (1379-1482). Foundation
of the Order of the Garter by Edward III (1348). First
publication of the Corpus Heremeticum by the Medici family in
@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ Dee (1527-1608). Foundation of the British Secret Service by Sir
Francis Walsingham. Birth of Johann Valenti Andrea (1586). Life
of Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626). Defeat of the Spanish Armada,
with magical help from the New Forest Witches (1588).</p>
<p> 1600 - 1700 CE
<p> 1600 - 1700 CE
Foundation of the Virginia Company by James I (1606). The
Romanovs become Czars of Russia (1613). Publication of
Rosicrucian manifesto (1614). Life of Elias Ashmole (1617-1692).
@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ Cromwell allegedly makes pact with the Devil in order to retain
power. Introduction of Freemasonry to American colonies by Dutch
settlers (1658). Order of Pietists founded in Pennsylvania
(1694).</p>
<p> 1700 - 1800 CE
<p> 1700 - 1800 CE
Birth of the Comte de Saint-Germain (1710). Masonic Grand Lodge
of England and Druid Order founded (1717). First Masonic lodge
founded in France (1721)&gt; Benjamin Franklin initiated as Mason
@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ Secret Circle (1778). Supposed death of the Comte Saint-Germain
Cagliostro involved in Diamond Necklace Affair. Illuminati banned
in Bavaria and goes underground (1785). French Revolution (1789).
Illuminist conspiracy to overthrow the Hapsburgs (1794).</p>
<p> 1800 - 1900 CE
<p> 1800 - 1900 CE
Count Grabinka founds secret society in St. Petersburg based on
Martinism and Rosicrucianism (1803). French republican plot to
assassinate Napoleon by placing a bomb under his coach, led by
@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ Rudolph von Hapsburg at a hunting lodge at Mayerling (1889).
Foundation of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (1888).
Assassination of Empress Elizabeth von Hapsburg by anarchist
(1898).</p>
<p> 1900 - 1897 CE
<p> 1900 - 1897 CE
Foundation of the Ordo Templi Orientis (1900). International
Order of CoFreemasonry founded in 1902. Publication of The
Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion in Russia (1905). Foundation of
@ -228,7 +229,8 @@ Exposure of P2 conspiracy. Attempt to assassinate John Paul II
(1981). L'Ordre Internationale Chevelresque Tradition Solaire
founded on instructions of the revived Order of the Temple in
France (1984).</p>
<p>
<special>EOF</special>
<p>
<special>EOF</special>
5 January 1991</p>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
Article: 569 of sgi.talk.ratical
From: dave@ratmandu.esd.sgi.com (dave "who can do? ratmandu!" ratcliffe)
Subject: Top Secret: How To Kill--"The CIA's Secret Weapons Systems"
@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ Keywords: our culture has lost its moral, ethical, and spiritual foundations
Organization: Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 1992 15:56:51 GMT
Lines: 321</p>
<p> unless we know MUCH MORE about the atrocities committed "in the interests
<p> unless we know MUCH MORE about the atrocities committed "in the interests
and name of 'national security,'" how can we possibly become sufficiently
motivated and driven to dedicate our energies towards changing this form
of "government" by lies, dissembling, expediency, profit-as-god, and
@ -16,11 +17,11 @@ murder? we have no idea what is "done in our name." if we did, we would
no longer be able to participate in its commoditized seductiveness because
we would not be able to look ourselves in the mirror or sleep at night.
--ratitor</p>
<p> the following is taken from the June, 1978 issue of "Gallery" magazine:
<p> the following is taken from the June, 1978 issue of "Gallery" magazine:
__________________________________________________________________________
THE CIA'S SECRET WEAPONS SYSTEMS
by Andrew Stark</p>
<p> Exploding wine bottles, guns constructed out of pipes,
<p> Exploding wine bottles, guns constructed out of pipes,
bullets made of teeth, aspirin explosives: they sound like
props from a second-rate spy story. Horrifyingly enough,
they are real. The CIA has spent a great deal of its time--
@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ news to you, it's because the CIA doesn't want these
products, some of which are quite easy to put together, to
fall into the "wrong hands." As for whether they are in the
right hands now--judge for yourself.</p>
<p> The CIA has developed many exotic and sophisticated devices
<p> The CIA has developed many exotic and sophisticated devices
intended for use in interrogation, sabotage, and assassination.
These weapons are necessary--if you grant that what the CIA itself
does is necessary. If the CIA wants to eliminate a key KGB agent
@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ and Demolition Manual?" The Office of Strategic Services was the
precursor of today's CIA.
This writer's call to Colorado yielded the following
conversation:</p>
<p> "How could you publish the "OSS Sabotage and Demolition Manual,"
<p> "How could you publish the "OSS Sabotage and Demolition Manual,"
I asked Peter Lund, editor and publisher of Paladin Press, "if your
organization, at the least, was not dealing with former OSS agents?
And what about "How to Kill?"
@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ besides, involved in CIA mercenary activity in Africa?"
"We did joint operations with CIA on the Phoenix Program."
"Wasn't that a murder operation?"
"No. It was snatching people."</p>
<p> The Phoenix Program was designed for a job that the CIA
<p> The Phoenix Program was designed for a job that the CIA
euphemistically described as "eliminating the Viet Cong
infrastructure." In reality, it was a rampant reign of terror run
out of CIA headquarters at Langley, Virginia. Former CIA director
@ -165,8 +166,8 @@ also to hide the cause of death because the examiner in his search
for a projectile will disregard bone fragments."
One last example from "How to Kill" should give you the flavor
of the book:</p>
<p> Lesson Nine: Hot Wire</p>
<p> "Essentially, the weapon is an electrified grid in the urinal
<p> Lesson Nine: Hot Wire</p>
<p> "Essentially, the weapon is an electrified grid in the urinal
basin. This can take the form of a screen cover for the drain
or a metal grill. If the urinal is completely porcelain, the
screen must be added by the assassin. The drain cover is
@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ an insulated cord that is hidden behind the plumbing.
obvious now. The subject's urine, which is a salty liquid and
a perfect conductor of electricity, makes contact with the
charged grid, and the shock will kill him."</p>
<p> This reporter's investigation revealed that the "Hot Wire" was
<p> This reporter's investigation revealed that the "Hot Wire" was
child's play compared to certain other CIA weapons devices. For
instance, I was able to obtain Volumes One and Two of the "CIA
Black Book" on improvised munitions, volumes that are stamped "for
@ -293,12 +294,13 @@ assassination becomes government policy, when men are trained to
kill in every conceivable way, when morality is set aside for a
"higher good," can even the President of the United States consider
himself safe?</p>
<p> Andrew Stark is a pseudonym for a specialist on weaponry.</p>
<p>--
<p> Andrew Stark is a pseudonym for a specialist on weaponry.</p>
<p>--
daveus rattus </p>
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

184
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@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>EX-CIA OFFICIAL SPEAKS OUT</p>
<p>By Greg Kaza</p>
<p> This article is reprinted from Full Disclosure. Copyright (c) 1986
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>EX-CIA OFFICIAL SPEAKS OUT</p>
<p>By Greg Kaza</p>
<p> This article is reprinted from Full Disclosure. Copyright (c) 1986
Capitol Information Association. All rights reserved. Permission is hereby
granted to reprint this article providing this message is included in its
entirety. Full Disclosure, Box 8275, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107. $15/yr.</p>
<p>Full Disclosure: I'd like to start out by talking about your well-known book,
<p>Full Disclosure: I'd like to start out by talking about your well-known book,
'The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence.' What edition is that in today?</p>
<p>Marchetti: The latest edition came out last summer. Its the Laurel edition,
<p>Marchetti: The latest edition came out last summer. Its the Laurel edition,
Dell paperback.</p>
<p>FD: Its gone through a couple of printings?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Yes. It was originally published by Alfred Knopf in hardback and
<p>FD: Its gone through a couple of printings?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Yes. It was originally published by Alfred Knopf in hardback and
by Dell in paperback. That was in 1974 with Knopf and 1975 with Dell. Then a
few years later we got some more of the deletions back from the government,
so Dell put out a second printing. That would have been about 1979. Then
recently, during the summer of 1983, we got back a few more deletions and
that's the current edition that is available in good bookstores (laughs) in
Dell paperback, the Laurel edition.</p>
<p>Originally the CIA asked for 340 deletions. We got about half of those back
<p>Originally the CIA asked for 340 deletions. We got about half of those back
in negotiations prior to the trial. We later won the trial, they were
supposed to give everything back but it was overturned at the appellate
level. The Supreme Court did not hear the case, so the appellate decision
@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ were another 24 deletions given back. The last time, in 1983, when the the
third edition of the paperback edition was published, there were another 35
given back. So there are still 110 deletions in the book out of an original
340.</p>
<p>As for the trial, the CIA sued in early 1972 to have the right to review and
<p>As for the trial, the CIA sued in early 1972 to have the right to review and
censor the book. They won that case. It was upheld at the appellate court in
Richmond some months later, and again the Supreme Court did not hear the
case. Two years later we sued the CIA on the grounds that they had been
@ -42,13 +43,13 @@ arbitrary. They appealed, and a few months later down in Richmond the
appellate court for the fourth district decided in the government's favor,
and overturned Bryan's decision. Again, the Supreme Court did not hear the
case. It chose not to hear it, and the appellate court's decision stood.</p>
<p>By this time, we had grown weary of the legal process. The book was published
<p>By this time, we had grown weary of the legal process. The book was published
with blank spaces except for those items that had been given back in
negotiations. Those items were printed in bold face type to show the kind of
stuff the CIA was trying to cut out. In all subsequent editions, the
additional material is highlighted to show what it is they were trying to cut
out.</p>
<p>Of course the CIA's position is that only they know what is a secret. They
<p>Of course the CIA's position is that only they know what is a secret. They
don't make the national security argument because that is too untenable these
days. They say that they have a right to classify anything that they want to,
and only they know what is classifiable. They are establishing a precedent,
@ -70,19 +71,19 @@ know what is classified and what isn't but these guys are ridiculous,
bureaucratic,'' and all of these accusations you hear. It is ironic because
even the former directors of the CIA have been burned by the very precedents
that they helped to establish.</p>
<p>FD: What are the prospects for the remaining censored sections of your book
<p>FD: What are the prospects for the remaining censored sections of your book
eventually becoming declassified so that they are available to the American
people?</p>
<p>Marchetti: If I have a publisher, and am willing to go back at the CIA every
<p>Marchetti: If I have a publisher, and am willing to go back at the CIA every
year or two years forcing a review, little by little, everything would come
out eventually. I can't imagine anything they would delete. There might be a
few items that the CIA would hold onto for principle's sake. Everything that
is in that book, whether it was deleted or not, has leaked out in one way or
another, has become known to the public in one form or another since then. So
you know its really a big joke.</p>
<p>FD: Looking back on it, what effect did the publication of the 'The CIA and
<p>FD: Looking back on it, what effect did the publication of the 'The CIA and
the Cult of Intelligence' have on your life?</p>
<p>Marchetti: It had a tremendous effect on my life. The book put me in a
<p>Marchetti: It had a tremendous effect on my life. The book put me in a
position where I would forever be persona non grata with the bureaucracy in
the federal government, which means, that I cannot get a job anywhere, a job
that is, specific to my background and talents. Particularly if the company
@ -102,11 +103,11 @@ case.'' Through allies or former employees somebody always goes out of their
way to make it difficult for me, so I never have any other choice but to
continue to be a freelance writer, lecturer, consultant, etcetera, and even
in that area I am frequently penalized because of who I worked for.</p>
<p>FD: The government views you as a troublemaker or whistleblower?</p>
<p>Marchetti: As a whistleblower, and, I guess, troublemaker. In the
<p>FD: The government views you as a troublemaker or whistleblower?</p>
<p>Marchetti: As a whistleblower, and, I guess, troublemaker. In the
intelligence community, as one who violated the code.</p>
<p>FD: The unspoken code?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Right. And this has been the fate of all those CIA whistleblowers.
<p>FD: The unspoken code?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Right. And this has been the fate of all those CIA whistleblowers.
They've all had it hard. Frank Snepp, Stockwell, McGee, and others, have all
suffered the same fate. Whistleblowers in general, like Fitzgerald in the
Department of Defense, who exposed problems with the C-5A, overruns, have
@ -118,10 +119,10 @@ government puts them in an office somewhere in a corner, pays them $50000 a
year, and ignores them. Which drives them crazy of course, but thats the
government's way of punishing anybody from the inside who exposes all of
these problems to the American public.</p>
<p>FD: Phillip Agee explains in his book the efforts of the CIA to undermine his
<p>FD: Phillip Agee explains in his book the efforts of the CIA to undermine his
writing of 'Inside The Company' both before and after publication. Have you
run into similar problems with extralegal CIA harassment?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Yes. I was under surveillance. Letters were opened. I am sure our
<p>Marchetti: Yes. I was under surveillance. Letters were opened. I am sure our
house was burglarized. General harassment of all sorts, and the CIA has
admitted to some of these things. One or two cases, because the Church
Committee found out. For example, the CIA admitted to working with the IRS to
@ -130,14 +131,14 @@ drop it. They've admitted to certain other activities like the surveillance
and such, but the CIA will not release to me any documents under the Freedom
of Information Act. They won't release it all -- any documents under FOIA,
period.</p>
<p>FD: About your time with the CIA?</p>
<p>Marchetti: No, about my case. I only want the information on me after leaving
<p>FD: About your time with the CIA?</p>
<p>Marchetti: No, about my case. I only want the information on me after leaving
the agency and they just refuse to do it. They've told me through friends
"You can sue until you're blue in the face but you're not going to get
this'' because they know exactly what would happen. It would be a terrible
embarrassment to the CIA if all of the extralegal and illegal activities they
took became public.</p>
<p>The most interesting thing they did in my case was an attempt at entrapment,
<p>The most interesting thing they did in my case was an attempt at entrapment,
by putting people in my path in the hopes that I would deal with these
people, who in at least one case turned out to be an undercover CIA operator
who was, if I had dealt with him, it would have appeared that I was moving to
@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ certain degree in the hope that Congress could conduct some investigation out
of which would come some reform. I was playing the game at home and that is
the way I was going to play. Play it by the rules, whatever handicap that
meant. Which in the end was a tremendous handicap.</p>
<p>But it did work out in the sense that my book did get published. The CIA drew
<p>But it did work out in the sense that my book did get published. The CIA drew
a lot of attention to it through their attempts to prevent it from being
written and their attempts at censorship, which simply increased the appetite
of the public, media, and Congress, to see what they were trying to hide and
@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ of these things together, my book was part of it, did lead ultimately to
congressional investigations of the CIA. I spent a lot of time behind the
scenes on the Hill with senators and congressman lobbying for these
investigations and they finally did come to pass.</p>
<p>It took awhile. President Ford tried to sweep everything under the rug by
<p>It took awhile. President Ford tried to sweep everything under the rug by
creating the Rockefeller Commission, which admitted to a few CIA mistakes but
swept everything under the rug. It didn't wash publicly. By this time, the
public didn't buy the government's lying. So we ultimately did have the Pike
@ -174,9 +175,9 @@ think everything has gone back to where it was and maybe even worse than what
it was, but at least there was a temporary halt to the CIA's free reign of
hiding behind secrecy and getting away with everything, up to and including
murder. There were some changes and I think they were all for the better.</p>
<p>FD: So instead of some of the more harsher critics of the CIA who would want
<p>FD: So instead of some of the more harsher critics of the CIA who would want
to see it abolished you would want to reform it?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Yes. Its one of these things where you can't throw out the baby
<p>Marchetti: Yes. Its one of these things where you can't throw out the baby
with the bathwater. The CIA does do some very good and valuable and
worthwhile and legal things. Particularly in the collection of information
throughout the world, and in the analysis of events around the world. All of
@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ good CIA so to speak, would collect and analyze information. The other part,
in the dirty tricks business, would be very small and very tightly controlled
by Congress and the White House, and if possible, some kind of a public board
so that it didn't get out of control.</p>
<p>My theory is, and I've proved it over and over again along with other people,
<p>My theory is, and I've proved it over and over again along with other people,
is that the basic reason for secrecy is not to keep the enemy from knowing
what you're doing. He knows what you're doing because he's the target of it,
and he's not stupid. The reason for the CIA to hide behind secrecy is to keep
@ -210,7 +211,7 @@ Eisenhower denied we were involved in attempts to overthrow the Indonesian
government in 1958 until the CIA guys got caught and the Indonesians produced
them. He looked like a fool. So did the N.Y. Times and everybody else who
believed him. That is the real reason for secrecy.</p>
<p>There is a second reason for secrecy. That is that if the public doesn't know
<p>There is a second reason for secrecy. That is that if the public doesn't know
what you are doing you can lie to them because they don't know what the truth
is. This is a very bad part of the CIA because this is where you get not only
propaganda on the American people but actually disinformation, which is to
@ -229,12 +230,12 @@ circle of the establishment in general. The CIA is doing what these people
want done so these people are appreciative and protective of them, and they
in turn make suggestions or even go off on their own sometimes and operate
deep cover for the CIA. So it develops into a self-feeding circle.</p>
<p>FD: Spreading disinformation is done through the newsmedia.</p>
<p>Marchetti: Yes. Its done through the newsmedia. The fallacy is that the CIA
<p>FD: Spreading disinformation is done through the newsmedia.</p>
<p>Marchetti: Yes. Its done through the newsmedia. The fallacy is that the CIA
says the real reason they do this is to con the Soviets. Now I'll give you
some examples. One was a fellow by the name of Colonel Oleg Penkovsky.</p>
<p>FD: Penkovsky Papers?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Yes. I wrote about that in 'The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence.
<p>FD: Penkovsky Papers?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Yes. I wrote about that in 'The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence.
The Penkovsky Papers was a phony story. We wrote the book in the CIA. Now,
who in the hell are we kidding? The Soviets? Do we think for one minute that
the Soviets, who among other things captured Penkovsky, interrogated him, and
@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ just outright lies. They're done really to maintain the myth of English
secret intelligence so that they will continue to get money to continue to
operate. Thats the real reason. The ostensible reason is that we were trying
to confuse the Soviets. Well that's bullshit because they're not confused.</p>
<p>One of the ones I think is really great is 'Khruschev Remembers.' If anybody
<p>One of the ones I think is really great is 'Khruschev Remembers.' If anybody
in his right mind believes that Nikita Khruschev sat down, and dictated his
memoirs, and somebody -- Strobe Talbot sneaked out of the Soviet Union with
them they're crazy. That story is a lie. That book was a joint operation
@ -265,15 +266,15 @@ published in the Soviet Union. The stuff got out so that it could be
published by the Americans. That doesn't mean that the KGB didn't let copies
slip into the Soviet Union and let it go all around. The Soviets achieved
their purpose too.</p>
<p>This is one of the most fantastic cases, I think, in intelligence history.
<p>This is one of the most fantastic cases, I think, in intelligence history.
Two rival governments cooperated with each other on a secret operation to
dupe their respective publics. I always wanted to go into much greater length
on this but I just never got around to it. Suffice it to say that TIME
magazine threatened to cancel a two-page magazine article they were doing on
me and my book if I didn't cut a brief mention of this episode out of the
book.</p>
<p>FD: How was this operation initially set up?</p>
<p>Marchetti: I don't know all of the ins and outs of it. I imagine what
<p>FD: How was this operation initially set up?</p>
<p>Marchetti: I don't know all of the ins and outs of it. I imagine what
happened is that it probably started with somebody in the Soviet Politburo
going to Khruschev and saying, "Hey, behind the scenes we're having lots of
trouble with the right-wing Stalinist types. They're giving Brehznev a bad
@ -298,7 +299,7 @@ the go-betweens. They'll come and see you for the memoirs and everyone will
play dumb. You give them two suitcases full of tapes (laughs) or something
like that and let them get out of the Soviet Union. Which is exactly what
happened.</p>
<p>Strobe brought all of this stuff back to Washington and then TIME-LIFE began
<p>Strobe brought all of this stuff back to Washington and then TIME-LIFE began
to process it and put a book together. They wouldn't let anybody hear the
tapes, they didn't show anybody anything. A lot of people were very
suspicious. You know you can tell this to the public or anybody else who
@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ Soviet Union knows the whole thing is impossible. A former Soviet premier
cannot sit in his dacha and make these tapes and then give them to a U.S.
newspaperman and let him walk out of the country with them. That cannot be
done in a closed society, a police state, like the Soviet Union.</p>
<p>The book was eventually published but before it was published there was
<p>The book was eventually published but before it was published there was
another little interesting affair. Strobe Talbot went to Helsinki with the
manuscript, where he was met by the KGB who took it back to Leningrad, looked
at it, and then it was finally published by TIME-LIFE. None of that has ever
@ -319,8 +320,8 @@ for a lot of reasons, because I guess it's just the kind of story that it's
difficult for them to get their hooks into. I knew people who were then in
the White House and State Department who were very suspicious of it because
they thought the KGB...</p>
<p>FD: Had duped TIME?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Exactly. Once they learned this was a deal they quieted down and
<p>FD: Had duped TIME?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Exactly. Once they learned this was a deal they quieted down and
ceased their objections and complaints, and even alibied and lied afterwards
as part of the bigger game. Victor Lewis, who was apparently instrumental in
all of these negotiations, later fit into one little footnote to this story
@ -345,7 +346,7 @@ it if you look through the book in the section we're talking about.
Publications and things like that. When I wrote those few paragraphs there
wasn't much further I could go, because there was a lot of speculation and
analysis.</p>
<p>Around the time my book came out, TIME magazine decided that they would do a
<p>Around the time my book came out, TIME magazine decided that they would do a
two-page spread in their news section and give it a boost. Suddenly I started
getting calls from Jerry Schecter and Strobe Talbot about cutting that part
out. I said I would not cut it out unless they could look me in the eye and
@ -364,15 +365,15 @@ called Helms to verify my credentials (laughing) and Helms said, "Yeah, he's
a good guy. He just got pissed off and wanted to change the CIA.'' So the
article ran in TIME. I think you're one of the very few people I've explained
this story to in depth.</p>
<p>FD: Did this operation have a name?</p>
<p>Marchetti: It probably did but I was already out of the agency and I don't
<p>FD: Did this operation have a name?</p>
<p>Marchetti: It probably did but I was already out of the agency and I don't
know what it was. But I do know it was a very sensitive activity and that
people very high up in the White House and State Department who you would
have thought would have been aware of it were not aware of it. But then
subsequently they were clearly taken into a room and talked to in discussions
and were no longer critics and doubters and in fact became defenders of it.</p>
<p>FD: Let me make sure I am clear about the CIA's motivation...</p>
<p>Marchetti: The CIA's motivation was that here we have a former Soviet premier
<p>FD: Let me make sure I am clear about the CIA's motivation...</p>
<p>Marchetti: The CIA's motivation was that here we have a former Soviet premier
talking out about the events of his career and revealing some pretty
interesting things about his thinking and the thinking of others. All of
which shows that the Soviet Union is run by a very small little clique. A
@ -383,7 +384,7 @@ point of view and from the U.S. government's point of view. This is what
we're dealing with. This is our primary rival. Look at how they are. And
Khruschev had to dictate these things in secrecy and they had to be smuggled
out of the Soviet Union.</p>
<p>Things like this are very subtle in their consistency. It's not a black and
<p>Things like this are very subtle in their consistency. It's not a black and
white thing on the surface. You might say, "Well, what's wrong with that?''
What's wrong with that is that it is a lie. The truth would have been much
more effective. Nikita Khruschev was approached by the KGB and Soviet
@ -397,7 +398,7 @@ they were willing to make a deal with the CIA, and give us this material. So
that we could then prepare a book. Which we did. Thats the kind of a
government we are dealing with here. These are the kinds of people they are
and the kind of lies they live.</p>
<p>FD: Let's turn to world affairs for a moment. One of the events of recent
<p>FD: Let's turn to world affairs for a moment. One of the events of recent
years that has always puzzled me is United States support for the Vanaaka
Party in what was once the New Hebrides Islands. In the late '70s, before the
New Hebrides achieved independence, there were basically two factions
@ -409,7 +410,7 @@ the ubiquitous socialist faction, in this case, the Vanaaka Party. The French
offered some behind-the-scenes support to the second faction, which was
basically pro-free market and pro-West. The U.S. under Jimmy Carter went
along with the British. Do you have any idea why this might have been done?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Offhand, I don't. The CIA has learned over the years that you
<p>Marchetti: Offhand, I don't. The CIA has learned over the years that you
sometimes cannot support the people you would prefer to support, because they
just do not have the popular power to gain control or maintain control
without a revolution and things of that sort. The classic example is West
@ -420,7 +421,7 @@ Soviet bloc. The United States was struggling mightily to keep West Berlin
free. At that point in time the strong power in West Germany were the
Christian Democrats under Konrad Adenauer, and these were the people that we
were supporting.</p>
<p>The Christian Democrats, however, just did not have the wherewithal to save
<p>The Christian Democrats, however, just did not have the wherewithal to save
West Berlin. The situation was such that the Social Democrats were the ones
who could save West Berlin. Not getting into all of the whys and wherefores
and policy positions, the Social Democrats also had a very charismatic person
@ -432,10 +433,10 @@ thought this was terrible, we were not being ideologically pure, and one of
them happens to be E. Howard Hunt, who actually considered Willy Brandt a KGB
spy. So there are times when you have to, I guess you would call it, choose
the lesser of two evils.</p>
<p>It might have been a miscalculated gamble. I don't have all of the facts, but
<p>It might have been a miscalculated gamble. I don't have all of the facts, but
maybe the thinking was that if we left the pro-West faction in power we may
end up with a goddamned civil war.</p>
<p>FD: In retrospect, the Carter administration's decision seems even more
<p>FD: In retrospect, the Carter administration's decision seems even more
tragic and mistaken. Since coming to power the Vanaaka Party has consolidated
power in the new country, now known as Vanuatu, and established diplomatic
relations with governments like Cuba and Vietnam. Socialist Vanuatu has now
@ -446,7 +447,7 @@ during an interview recently he said he was sorry, but he did not remember
the episode. Is it possible that this may have been an incompetent blunder on
the part of the U.S. government? That somebody didn't do their homework, and
as a result those responsible for the decision didn't have all of the facts?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Absolutely. Absolutely. Yes. Its not the kind of an issue that
<p>Marchetti: Absolutely. Absolutely. Yes. Its not the kind of an issue that
draws the most attention in Washington. As you just pointed out, Jimmy Carter
doesn't even remember it. I'm sure that decision was made pretty far down the
line. If Carter ever had to make a decision he probably doesn't even remember
@ -454,11 +455,11 @@ it because it was probably staffed down because it was considered so
inconsequential at the time by Carter and everyone involved. They considered
it so inconsequential that they don't even remember it. It's something they
signed off on. My guess from what you have told me is that it was a mistake.</p>
<p>FD: You mentioned E. Howard Hunt earlier. I understand that you wrote an
<p>FD: You mentioned E. Howard Hunt earlier. I understand that you wrote an
article for a Washington-based publication about the assassination of John F.
Kennedy and Hunt sued the publication, charging libel. Could you give us some
background on this matter?</p>
<p>Marchetti: The article was written in the summer of 1978 and published by
<p>Marchetti: The article was written in the summer of 1978 and published by
SPOTLIGHT, a weekly newspaper that advertises itself as 'The Voice of the
American Populist Party.' At the time I wrote the article for SPOTLIGHT the
House Select Committee on Assassinations was getting ready to hold its
@ -468,7 +469,7 @@ and that the CIA was concerned about it. I believe the memo was from James
Angleton, who at the time was chief of counterintelligence for Richard Helms.
I forget the exact date, but this memo was something like six years old,
while Helms was still in office as director.</p>
<p>The memo said that at some point in time the CIA was going to have to deal
<p>The memo said that at some point in time the CIA was going to have to deal
with the fact that Hunt was in Dallas the day of the Kennedy assassination or
words to that effect. There was some other information in it, such as did you
know anything about it, he wasn't doing anything for me, and back and forth.
@ -477,7 +478,7 @@ Committee was going to come out with tapes that indicated there was more than
one shooter during the Kennedy assassination and that the FBI, or at least
certain people in the FBI, believed these tapes to be accurate and had always
believed that there was more than one shooter.</p>
<p>I was in contact with the House Select Committee, and they were probing real
<p>I was in contact with the House Select Committee, and they were probing real
deeply into things and they were very suspicious of the Kennedy
assassination. There were some other reporters working on the story at the
time, one in particular who has a tremendous reputation, and he felt there
@ -493,7 +494,7 @@ they may let a few people dangle in the wind like E. Howard Hunt, Frank
Sturgis, Jerry Hemming, and other people who have been mentioned in the past
as being involved in something related to the Kennedy assassination. It was
that kind of speculative piece.</p>
<p>What happened is that about a week after my article appeared in SPOTLIGHT the
<p>What happened is that about a week after my article appeared in SPOTLIGHT the
Wilmington News-Journal published an article by Joe Trento. This was a longer
and more far-ranging article, in which he discussed the memo too but in
greater detail. A couple of weeks after that Hunt informed SPOTLIGHT that he
@ -506,7 +507,7 @@ their investigation around. So I said to SPOTLIGHT let's do a follow-up
piece, but the publisher chickened out and said, nah, what we'll do is tell
Hunt we'll give him equal space. He can say whatever he wants to in the same
amount of space.</p>
<p>Hunt ignored the offer. A couple of months later Hunt comes to town for
<p>Hunt ignored the offer. A couple of months later Hunt comes to town for
secret hearings with the committee, and was heard in executive session. Hunt
was suing the publisher of the book 'Coup D'Etat in America,' and deposed me
in relation to that case, and then he brought in, he tried to slip in, this
@ -518,7 +519,7 @@ about this, and they said to tell me to just hide behind my injunction. I
told my lawyer I don't understand it, and he told me all that the CIA said is
that they hate Hunt more than they hate you and they're not going to give
Hunt any help. So that's what I did, and that was the end of it. We thought.</p>
<p>Two years after it ran Hunt finally sued SPOTLIGHT over my article. SPOTLIGHT
<p>Two years after it ran Hunt finally sued SPOTLIGHT over my article. SPOTLIGHT
thought it was such a joke, all things considered, that they really didn't
pay any attention. I never even went to the trial. I never even submitted an
affidavit. I was not deposed or anything. The Hunt people didn't even try to
@ -535,7 +536,7 @@ think, within several hours with a verdict in our favor. The interesting
thing was the jury said we were clearly not guilty of libel and actual
malice, but they were now suspicious of Hunt and everything he invoked
because we brought out a lot of stuff on Hunt.</p>
<p>Hunt lost, and was ordered to pay our court costs in addition to everything
<p>Hunt lost, and was ordered to pay our court costs in addition to everything
else. He has subsequently filed an appeal and that's where its at now. It's
up for appeal. I imagine it will probably be another six months to a year
before we hear anything further on it. Based on everything I have seen, Hunt
@ -548,14 +549,14 @@ like Sturgis and Jerry Hemmings and others and running guns into Dallas.
Lorenz said that a couple of days before the assassination Hunt met them in
Dallas and made a payoff. What they all were doing, whether it was connected
to the assassination, we don't know.</p>
<p>I think if Hunt keeps pursuing this, all that he's doing is setting the stage
<p>I think if Hunt keeps pursuing this, all that he's doing is setting the stage
for more and more people to come forward and say bad things about him, and
raise more evidence that he was in Dallas that day and that he must have been
involved in something. If it wasn't the assassination it must have been some
kind of diversionary activity or maybe it was something unrelated to the
assassination and the wires just got crossed and it was a coincidence at the
time.</p>
<p>One of the key points in the mind of the jury as far as we've been able to
<p>One of the key points in the mind of the jury as far as we've been able to
tell at SPOTLIGHT is that Hunt to this day still cannot come up with an alibi
for where he was the day of the assassination. Hunt comes up with the
weakest, phoniest stories that he can't corroborate. Some guy who was drunk
@ -566,7 +567,7 @@ Hunt clearly was, in my mind, not in Washington doing what he says he was
doing Nov. 22, 1963. He was certainly not at work that day at the CIA. This
subject has come up before, whether he was on sick leave, an annual leave, or
where the hell he was. Hunt just cannot come up with a good alibi.</p>
<p>Hunt has gone before committees. The Rockefeller Committee, I believe he was
<p>Hunt has gone before committees. The Rockefeller Committee, I believe he was
before the Church Committee, and before the House Select Committee. Nobody
will give Hunt a clean bill of health. They always weasel words. Their
comment on Hunt is always some sort of a way that can be interpreted anyway
@ -577,9 +578,9 @@ being very careful about what they are saying. Hunt himself will not tell you
what happened before these committees. He says that his testimony is
classified information. Well, if the testimony vindicates Hunt and provides
him with an alibi then why can't he tell us? The mystery remains.</p>
<p>FD: Do you believe it possible that the CIA knows where Hunt was Nov. 22,
<p>FD: Do you believe it possible that the CIA knows where Hunt was Nov. 22,
1963, but just do not want to release that information?</p>
<p>Marchetti: That's my guess. I think that subsequently, by now, the CIA may
<p>Marchetti: That's my guess. I think that subsequently, by now, the CIA may
not have known where Hunt was at the time, and they may not have even
realized what he was up to until years after and years later when his name
started to be commonly mentioned in connection with the assassination. I
@ -596,7 +597,7 @@ managed to scrounge up a couple of his CIA friends who on their own were
willing to give some help, but caved in right away. One guy didn't testify.
Another guy gave a stupid deposition in the middle of the night to us
(laughs) which wasn't worth the paper it was written on.</p>
<p>Helms gave a deposition which said nothing. No way would he go out on a limb
<p>Helms gave a deposition which said nothing. No way would he go out on a limb
for Hunt. In my own mind, I have a feeling that the CIA knows where Hunt was
and what he was doing, and while they're not going to prosecute him for a lot
of reasons, they're involved in the cover-up themselves and don't want to
@ -609,8 +610,8 @@ least strong enough for them not to take any overt action against him. So it
seems to me to be some kind of double graymail. Hunt's graymailing the CIA on
one hand and they're graymailing him on the other hand. Its a very, very
strange thing.</p>
<p>FD: Did Jerry Hemmings give a deposition? I understand he is still in prison.</p>
<p>Marchetti: I think Jerry might still be in. He asked not to give a deposition
<p>FD: Did Jerry Hemmings give a deposition? I understand he is still in prison.</p>
<p>Marchetti: I think Jerry might still be in. He asked not to give a deposition
or be called as a witness unless it was absolutely necessary, because he was
either coming toward the end of his term, or he was up for parole. He
preferred not to get involved. This was pretty much the attitude of another
@ -620,17 +621,17 @@ know, or whether they were going to risk perjury, which is a pretty big
gamble when you're dealing with Mark Lane, particularly on this subject. He's
not only a brilliant lawyer, but this is a subject he has a lot of background
in.</p>
<p>FD: Did Gordon Novel fit into this at all?</p>
<p>Marchetti: No.</p>
<p>FD: You mentioned that it is possible the CIA is withholding information on
<p>FD: Did Gordon Novel fit into this at all?</p>
<p>Marchetti: No.</p>
<p>FD: You mentioned that it is possible the CIA is withholding information on
Hunt's whereabouts Nov. 22, 1963. The CIA has been accused many times in the
past of engaging in a cover-up of the JFK assassination. Do you believe they
are still covering up in a lot of ways?</p>
<p>Marchetti: Oh yeah, I think so, I'd think not only they and the FBI, I think
<p>Marchetti: Oh yeah, I think so, I'd think not only they and the FBI, I think
everybody is covering up.</p>
<p>FD: Are they covering up necessarily to just keep the American people in the
<p>FD: Are they covering up necessarily to just keep the American people in the
dark about the episode, or cover-up because of their own guilt and complicity?</p>
<p>Marchetti: I think its both. I think it all started with when it happened. I
<p>Marchetti: I think its both. I think it all started with when it happened. I
don't think anybody was really sure in Washington who was behind the
assassination. I think they were very fearful that if they didn't come up
with a lone nut theory, and in this case a lone nut who was removed from the
@ -647,7 +648,7 @@ then we'll lay the thing to rest officially. Which is essentially what
happened. They didn't hear a lot of evidence. They ignored evidence. Evidence
was hidden. Evidence was destroyed. I think it was pretty much clear that
nobody was being absolutely forthcoming.</p>
<p>The former head of the CIA, Allen Dulles, even said he would lie to the
<p>The former head of the CIA, Allen Dulles, even said he would lie to the
people about anything he considered to pertain to national security. Dulles
said he would lie to the people if he had to. I think the Kennedy
assassination was laid to rest by the establishment and it became just a
@ -668,23 +669,23 @@ say, yes, I was part of a cover-up, 22 years ago. What he's saying is that
I've lived a lie all of my life. I don't think we're ever going to get the
answer, frankly. I don't think we're every going to get the answer to the
story.</p>
<p>FD: You're pessimistic about the American people discovering the real truth
<p>FD: You're pessimistic about the American people discovering the real truth
about the JFK assassination?</p>
<p>Marchetti: This is not to say that 50 years from now that some historian may
<p>Marchetti: This is not to say that 50 years from now that some historian may
get access to some material when everybody is dead and buried, and might be
able to put together a pretty accurate story. But even then, with all of the
time that has gone by, the myth will have been established. You have those
people that will say, "Ugh. Conspiracy theorists,'' while other people will
say, "I never believe the government.'' But it will have no effect.</p>
<p>FD: So you believe it will only be time that will reveal the full truth about
<p>FD: So you believe it will only be time that will reveal the full truth about
the JFK assassination? The truth won't be revealed because of another big
government scandal like Watergate, or a president who is committed to seeing
that the case is solved?</p>
<p>Marchetti: One of the presidents who might have unearthed all this, actually
<p>Marchetti: One of the presidents who might have unearthed all this, actually
a potential president was Bobby Kennedy, but he got rubbed out.</p>
<p>FD: Bobby Kennedy made a statement three days before he was murdered that he
<p>FD: Bobby Kennedy made a statement three days before he was murdered that he
felt only the office of the presidency could get at the truth.</p>
<p>Marchetti: I'm not sure if thats possible. I wonder in my own mind if, let's
<p>Marchetti: I'm not sure if thats possible. I wonder in my own mind if, let's
say, Teddy Kennedy would be elected president. I wonder if he, one, would
have the courage to reopen the case at this point in time knowing everything
he knows about it probably. And two, if he had the courage, would he have the
@ -692,10 +693,10 @@ muscle to be able to resolve it completely and fully to the satisfaction of
everyone? I think there are those things in life you either resolve at the
time or never. After awhile, as the years pass by, it becomes more and more
difficult until it is impossible.</p>
<p>FD: The American people are told that they choose their leaders and run the
<p>FD: The American people are told that they choose their leaders and run the
government. Is this true, or is it the invisible state within a state, the
intelligence community?</p>
<p>Marchetti: I don't think the intelligence community, although it is an
<p>Marchetti: I don't think the intelligence community, although it is an
invisible arm of the government, runs it. I think the people who run the
country are the same people who usually run things not only here but all over
the world. The powerful economic interests, whether they are bankers, or
@ -706,10 +707,10 @@ cases they may not even be able to stop them from getting to power or using
it. Generally speaking, they have more influence on the government than the
other people do. Its manifested itself in all sorts of ways. There are all of
these forces at work.</p>
<p>FD: One last question: PSI. Both the CIA and the KGB had a great interest in
<p>FD: One last question: PSI. Both the CIA and the KGB had a great interest in
this area. One of the things I know the CIA did, attempt to recruit KGB
agents in the afterlife. Are you familiar with this?</p>
<p>Marchetti: I do know there was great interest in this whole area of
<p>Marchetti: I do know there was great interest in this whole area of
parapsychology, for whatever benefit may have been achieved. Not only the
CIA, but the Pentagon was involved, and for that matter, the KGB. Everybody
has apparently examined it. There were a lot of stories floating around the
@ -717,9 +718,10 @@ CIA that they had tried to contact old agents like Penkovsky, who had been
captured and killed, executed by the Soviet Union, in the hope that they
could derive additional information. To my knowledge none of this stuff
really worked.</p>
<p>FD: Thank you, Victor Marchetti.
<p>FD: Thank you, Victor Marchetti.
could derive additional information. To my knowledge none of this stuff
really worked.</p>
<p>FD: Tha</p>
</div>
<p>FD: Tha</p>
</div>
</xml>

352
pre-src-xml/cia_info.xml
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@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> "Our Presidents should not be able to conduct secret
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> "Our Presidents should not be able to conduct secret
operations which violate our principles, jeopardize our rights,
and have not been subject to the checks and balances which
normally keep policies in line."</p>
<p> Morton Halperin
<p> Morton Halperin
Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of
Defense for International Affairs</p>
<p> "In its consideration of covert action, the Committee was
<p> "In its consideration of covert action, the Committee was
struck by the basic tension--if not incompatibility--of covert
operations and the demands of a constitutional system. Secrecy
is essential to covert operations; secrecy can, however, become a
@ -17,28 +18,28 @@ and procedures of government. The Committee found that secrecy
and compartmentation contributed to a temptation on the part of
the Executive to resort to covert operations in order to avoid
bureaucratic, congressional, and public debate."</p>
<p> The Church Committee</p>
<p> "The nation must to a degree take it on faith that we too
<p> The Church Committee</p>
<p> "The nation must to a degree take it on faith that we too
are honorable men, devoted to her service."
Richard Helms, then DCI
April, 1971
Table of Contents</p>
<p>CHAPTER ONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
<p>CHAPTER ONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1</p>
<p>CHAPTER TWO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
<p>CHAPTER TWO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
CIA Proprietaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Propaganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Political Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Economic Covert Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Paramilitary Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10</p>
<p>CHAPTER THREE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
<p>CHAPTER THREE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Project NKNAOMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Project MKULTRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
LSD Experimentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Project BLUEBIRD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Project ARTICHOKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18</p>
<p>CHAPTER FOUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
<p>CHAPTER FOUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
The National Security Act of July 1947 . . . . . . 19
Radio Free Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Radio Liberty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
@ -49,13 +50,13 @@ The Bay of Pigs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Laos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
The Phoenix Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38</p>
<p>CHAPTER FIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
<p>CHAPTER FIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Plausible Deniability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
CIA Case Officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44</p>
<p> CHAPTER ONE</p>
<p> INTRODUCTION</p>
<p> On January 22, 1946, President Harry S. Truman issued an
<p> CHAPTER ONE</p>
<p> INTRODUCTION</p>
<p> On January 22, 1946, President Harry S. Truman issued an
executive order setting up a National Intelligence Authority,
and under it, a Central Intelligence Group, which was the
forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency. Truman
@ -98,8 +99,8 @@ operations from bad ones. Finally, we will look towards the
future and try to see what it has in store for the Central
Intelligence Agency.
</p>
<p> CHAPTER TWO</p>
<p> According to the CIA's own definition, covert action
<p> CHAPTER TWO</p>
<p> According to the CIA's own definition, covert action
means "any clandestine or secret activities designed to
influence foreign governments, events, organizations, or
persons in support of U.S. foreign policy conducted in such
@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ business, labor, and church groups; universities; charitable
organizations; and educational and cultural groups.
PROPAGANDA</p>
<p> Propaganda is any action that is "intended to undermine the
<p> Propaganda is any action that is "intended to undermine the
beliefs, perceptions, and value systems of the people under the
rule of the adversary government..." The ultimate aim of
propaganda is to convert the people under the opposition
@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ in a moment.
In their book The Invisible Government, authors David Wise
and Thomas B. Ross make the following observations about the
radio activities of the Central Intelligence Agency: </p>
<p>United States radio activities have ranged all the
<p>United States radio activities have ranged all the
way from overt, openly acknowledged and advertised
programs of the Voice of America to highly secret
CIA transmitters in the Middle East and other areas
@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ controlled in whole or in part by the Invisible
Government [The CIA and the U.S. Intelligence
Community as a whole], are more skillfully
concealed and much bigger.</p>
<p> It may now be helpful to examine exactly what is meant
<p> It may now be helpful to examine exactly what is meant
by black and white propaganda. Black propaganda conceals its
origin while white propaganda is an open, candid charge
against an opponent. An example of black propaganda would be
@ -213,8 +214,8 @@ Agency also wages a silent war through disinformation and
various other counterespionage techniques. The distribution
through this method sometimes proves to be more difficult
than conducting radio broadcasts.</p>
<p> POLITICAL ACTION</p>
<p> Another type of influence that may be exerted through
<p> POLITICAL ACTION</p>
<p> Another type of influence that may be exerted through
covert means is political action. Such action may be defined
as attempts to change the power structure and policies of
another state through secret contacts and secret funds by
@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ In all of the plots in which the Agency was involved, it
made sure that its role was indirect. Never once did an
American CIA agent actually make any of the assassination
attempts. According to Loch Johnson in A Season of Inquiry: </p>
<p>In no case was an American finger actually on the
<p>In no case was an American finger actually on the
trigger of these weapons. And even though the
officials of the United States had clearly
initiated assassination plots against Castro and
@ -287,8 +288,8 @@ foreign leader. Through others, however, we had
tried, but had either been too inept...or too late
to succeed.
</p>
<p> ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES </p>
<p> Economic covert operations are those in which an attempt
<p> ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES </p>
<p> Economic covert operations are those in which an attempt
is made to affect the economic machinery within a country
with the aim of achieving a desired result. An example would
be the CIA's involvement in trying to contaminate part of a
@ -298,8 +299,8 @@ a country become more economically efficient and hoping that
the success will be noticed by other countries who will then
embrace the democratic ideals and methods through which the
"model" country has become prosperous.</p>
<p> PARAMILITARY OPERATIONS</p>
<p> Perhaps the most tangible type of covert action engaged
<p> PARAMILITARY OPERATIONS</p>
<p> Perhaps the most tangible type of covert action engaged
in by the CIA is in the form of paramilitary operations.
This category of covert operations is also potentially the
most politically dangerous. With the onset of the Cold War
@ -357,7 +358,7 @@ will be discussed later. Before leaving this category of
covert operations, it is interesting to consider a story
recounted by Fred Branfman, in a book entitled Uncloaking the
CIA by Howard Frazier.</p>
<p>There are many stories I could tell about him, but
<p>There are many stories I could tell about him, but
I will tell just one. In the late 1960s a friend
of mine was a pilot for a private CIA airline. The
agent threw a box on the airplane one day and said
@ -379,8 +380,8 @@ working in the Third World. This fact is, of
course, not just a disgrace, but a clear and
present danger.
</p>
<p> CHAPTER THREE</p>
<p> In the first two decades following its establishment,
<p> CHAPTER THREE</p>
<p> In the first two decades following its establishment,
the CIA initiated a number of programs to develop a chemical
and biological warfare capacity. Project NKNAOMI was begun
to provide the CIA with a covert support base to meet its
@ -429,7 +430,7 @@ to control human behavior. According to the Church
Committee, a CIA memo was uncovered which stated the purpose
of the project. The memo indicated that MKULTRA's purpose
was </p>
<p>to develop a capability in the covert use of
<p>to develop a capability in the covert use of
biological and chemical materials...Aside from the
offensive potential, the development of a
comprehensive capability in this field of covert
@ -438,7 +439,7 @@ knowledge of the enemy's theoretical potential,
thus enabling us to defend ourselves against a foe
who might not be as restrained in the use of these
techniques as we are.</p>
<p>Eighty-six universities or institutions were involved to some
<p>Eighty-six universities or institutions were involved to some
extent in the project.
As early as 1947, the CIA had begun experimentation with
different types of mind-altering chemicals and drugs. One
@ -507,8 +508,8 @@ evidence indicates that the Office of Security and Office of
Medical Services use of "special interrogation" techniques
continued for several years thereafter.
</p>
<p> CHAPTER FOUR</p>
<p> The National Security Act of July 1947 established the
<p> CHAPTER FOUR</p>
<p> The National Security Act of July 1947 established the
CIA as it exists today. Under the Act, the CIA's mission was
loosely defined, since any efforts to flesh out its duties in
specific terms would have unduly limited the scope of its
@ -545,7 +546,7 @@ us draw conclusions about the proper scope of CIA activities
and will enable us to address questions about areas of
legitimate involvement by the CIA. We shall begin by looking
at a number of CIA covert operations since 1947.</p>
<p> RADIO FREE EUROPE AND RADIO LIBERTY
<p> RADIO FREE EUROPE AND RADIO LIBERTY
In 1949, the CIA founded the National Committee for a
Free Europe and the Committee for the Liberation of Peoples
@ -584,8 +585,8 @@ the invasion at the Bay of Pigs. The CIA used Radio Swan to
mislead the Cuban government, encourage the rebels, and to
make it seem like there was massive support for a rebellion
within Cuba. </p>
<p> ECONOMIC COVERT ACTIVITIES: TAIWAN</p>
<p> A good example of the positive type of economic covert
<p> ECONOMIC COVERT ACTIVITIES: TAIWAN</p>
<p> A good example of the positive type of economic covert
action is the success story of Taiwan. The Republic of China
is an example of the successful use of economic assistance
(especially in agriculture) to further the interests of the
@ -621,18 +622,18 @@ explained the project in "off the record talks with Chiang
Ching-kuo, the savvy son of Chiang Kai-shek, who was perhaps
the most far-sighted political leader in Taiwan." Cline
added,</p>
<p>Ching-kuo grasped the concept immediately and saw
<p>Ching-kuo grasped the concept immediately and saw
the benefits, as did other Taiwanese Foreign and
Agricultural policy officials. The program was
organized by the Chinese with a minimum of American
help and it worked well for about ten years. In
some regions, it continued to work even longer, and
everyone has profited from the program.</p>
<p>Thus, the success of the program in Taiwan was a testimonial
<p>Thus, the success of the program in Taiwan was a testimonial
to the potential for success for well planned economic covert
actions conducted by the Central Intelligence Agency.</p>
<p> OPERATION MONGOOSE</p>
<p> In order to get a better idea of the kind of planning
<p> OPERATION MONGOOSE</p>
<p> In order to get a better idea of the kind of planning
that went into the assassination schemes devised by the CIA,
we will look at the case of Fidel Castro. In addition, at
the end of this work appears a number of messages that were
@ -644,14 +645,14 @@ eliminate Fidel Castro.
When Castro took power in Cuba in 1959, U.S. leadership
made it a top priority to remove him. According to Ray
Cline, former Deputy-Director of the CIA,</p>
<p>The CIA had advocated the 'elimination of Fidel
<p>The CIA had advocated the 'elimination of Fidel
Castro' as early as December 1959, and the matter
was discussed at Special Group meetings in January
and March of 1960. At an NSC meeting on March 10,
1960, terminology was used suggesting that the
assassination of Castro, his brother Raul, and Che
Guevara was at least theoretically considered.</p>
<p>Describing the political climate by the time Kennedy took
<p>Describing the political climate by the time Kennedy took
office, Cline comments in his book Secrets, Spies, and
Scholars, "There was almost an obsession with Cuba on the
part of policy matters" and it was widely believed in the
@ -669,7 +670,7 @@ Johnson points out a number of ingenious plots that were at
least considered by planners within the agency at one time or
another. This brief excerpt from his book is by no means an
exhaustive list.</p>
<p>The several plots planned at CIA headquarters
<p>The several plots planned at CIA headquarters
included treating a box of Castro's favorite cigars
with a botulinum toxin so potent that it would
cause death immediately upon being placed to the
@ -686,7 +687,7 @@ a ballpoint pen that contained a hypodermic needle
filled with the deadly poison Black-leaf 40 and had
so fine a point it could pierce the skin of the
victim without his knowledge.</p>
<p> Perhaps more frightening than any of the above plots was
<p> Perhaps more frightening than any of the above plots was
the revelation that the CIA also attempted to launch a plot
against Castro through its contacts with underworld figures
with connections in Cuba. The fact that the agency was
@ -723,8 +724,8 @@ revelation might have been too much for the American public
to stomach. It most likely would have done serious damage to
the credibility of an agency which was already beginning to
rouse public suspicion.</p>
<p> GUATEMALA: THE OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ</p>
<p> In 1951, leftist leader Juan Jose Arevalo was succeeded
<p> GUATEMALA: THE OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ</p>
<p> In 1951, leftist leader Juan Jose Arevalo was succeeded
by his minister of defense, Jacobo Arbenz, who continued to
pursue Arevalo's hard leftist policy both domestically and in
Foreign Affairs. The United States Government found Arbenz's
@ -807,14 +808,14 @@ charge, arrived victorious in Guatemala on the plane of U.S.
Ambassador John Peurifoy. Peurifoy's wrote the following
jingle which appeared in Time magazine July 28, 1954, which
seemed to sum up nicely the U.S. attitude about the CIA-sponsored operation in Guatemala:</p>
<p>Sing a song of quetzals, pockets full of peace!
<p>Sing a song of quetzals, pockets full of peace!
The junta's in the palace, they've taken out a lease.
The Commies are in hiding, just across the street;
To the embassy of Mexico they beat a quick retreat.
And pistol-packing Peurifoy looks mighty optimistic
For the land of Guatemala is no longer Communistic.</p>
<p> CUBA: THE BAY OF PIGS</p>
<p> As surely as the successful operation in Guatemala was an
<p> CUBA: THE BAY OF PIGS</p>
<p> As surely as the successful operation in Guatemala was an
example of how to conduct a covert action, the debacle in Cuba
was a primary example of what not to do. The disaster at the Bay
of Pigs in Cuba seriously altered the perception of the CIA's
@ -824,13 +825,13 @@ Third World: A Study in Crypto-Diplomacy, "it is certain that
the Cuban operation cast serious doubts as to the efficacy of
large-scale para-military operations as an instrument of covert
action." Says Harry Rositzke, a former CIA operative, </p>
<p>Para-military operations are the "noisiest" of all
<p>Para-military operations are the "noisiest" of all
covert actions. When they fail, they become public
fiascos, and no official denials are plausible.
The history of American para-military operations as
an element of America's containment policy is one
of almost uniform failure.</p>
<p>Such was the case with the ill-fated Bay of Pigs operation in
<p>Such was the case with the ill-fated Bay of Pigs operation in
Cuba.
The idea of a Soviet-oriented communist dictatorship a mere
ninety miles from the United States was a grave concern for U.S.
@ -857,7 +858,7 @@ taking office. Senate Foreign Relations Chairman William
Fulbright, upon learning of plans for the proposed invasion, sent
a memorandum to the White House that said that if American forces
were drawn into the battle in Cuba,</p>
<p>We would have undone the work of thirty years in
<p>We would have undone the work of thirty years in
trying to live down earlier interventions...To give
this activity even covert support is of a piece
with the hypocrisy and cynicism for which the
@ -867,7 +868,7 @@ point will not be lost on the rest of the world nor
our own consciences. And remember always, the
Castro regime is a thorn in the side but not a
dagger in the heart.</p>
<p>The Senator's views were no doubt on Kennedy's mind when he
<p>The Senator's views were no doubt on Kennedy's mind when he
later declined to commit American troops after the invasion
began to fall apart.
The CIA trained some 1400 Cuban emigres for action
@ -918,7 +919,7 @@ actually had gone ashore, 114 were killed during the three
fatal days of the operation.
LAOS: THE SECRET ARMY</p>
<p> The CIA was involved in what has been regarded by many
<p> The CIA was involved in what has been regarded by many
experts as the most outstanding example of the depth and
magnitude of the clandestine operations of a major power in
the post-war period. What is being referred to is the CIA's
@ -935,7 +936,7 @@ However, the operation gradually evolved into a full-scale
management of the ground war in Laos by the CIA.
According to Fred Branfman, what the CIA did in Laos was
very simple.</p>
<p>It created an army of its own, an army paid,
<p>It created an army of its own, an army paid,
controlled, and directed by American CIA officials
entirely separately from the normal Laotian
government structure...Some troops from every
@ -945,7 +946,7 @@ The CIA trained the secret army; directed it in
combat; decided when it would fight; and had it
carry out espionage missions, assassinations of
military and civilian figures, and sabotage.</p>
<p> As was mentioned earlier, the U.S. dropped over two-million tons of bombs on Laos. The majority of those raids
<p> As was mentioned earlier, the U.S. dropped over two-million tons of bombs on Laos. The majority of those raids
were targeted by CIA officials, not Air Force officials. The
CIA officials worked at Udorn Air Force base. They were a
special team of photo reconnaissance people who, because the
@ -963,8 +964,8 @@ controlling their behavior. The reasoning behind the shift
in emphasis was simple. Although the United States might not
be able to change the way the people thought, it could
certainly control their political behavior.</p>
<p> SOUTH VIETNAM: THE PHOENIX PROGRAM</p>
<p> Another country in Asia in which the CIA found itself
<p> SOUTH VIETNAM: THE PHOENIX PROGRAM</p>
<p> Another country in Asia in which the CIA found itself
heavily involved was Vietnam. From 1962-1965, the CIA worked
with the South Vietnamese government to organize police
forces and paramilitary units. After 1965, the CIA became
@ -999,13 +1000,13 @@ murdered in an effort to show results.
William Colby, the director of the Phoenix Program,
testified before Congress in 1971 that Phoenix was an
American responsibility: </p>
<p>The Americans had a great deal to do with starting
<p>The Americans had a great deal to do with starting
the program...we had a great deal to do in terms of
developing the ideas, discussing the need,
developing some of the procedures, and so
forth...maybe more than half the initiative came
from us originally. </p>
<p>
<p>
According to Fred Branfman, high-ranking American
officials in South Vietnam bear the sole responsibility for
the practice of setting quotas of civilians to be rounded up
@ -1028,8 +1029,8 @@ That number, proportionate to population, would have totaled
over 200000 Americans deliberately assassinated over a
three-year period had Phoenix been conducted in the United
States. </p>
<p> CHILE: ACTIVITIES AGAINST ALLENDE </p>
<p> A good example of the CIA's use of the type of political
<p> CHILE: ACTIVITIES AGAINST ALLENDE </p>
<p> A good example of the CIA's use of the type of political
action mentioned above is the Agency's involvement in the
internal political affairs of Chile beginning in 1963 and
reaching a climax in 1973. In 1964, the United States became
@ -1084,8 +1085,8 @@ For all its efforts, the CIA was unsuccessful in defeating
Allende although on September 11, 1973, he was overthrown in
a coup which, though not under U.S. control, may well have
been caused by U.S. anti-Allende pressures.</p>
<p> CHAPTER FIVE</p>
<p> A major requirement of covert operations over the years
<p> CHAPTER FIVE</p>
<p> A major requirement of covert operations over the years
has been that in the event something goes wrong, the
president, as head of state in the U.S., should be able to
believably deny any knowledge of the clandestine activity.
@ -1103,7 +1104,7 @@ conduct almost any actions they saw fit to reach their goals.
McGeorge Bundy, a former Special Assistant for National
Security Affairs to President's Kennedy and Johnson, has
stated:</p>
<p>While in principle it has always been the
<p>While in principle it has always been the
understanding of senior government officials
outside the CIA that no covert operations would be
undertaken without the explicit approval of "higher
@ -1112,7 +1113,7 @@ expectation within the Agency that it was proper
business to generate attractive proposals and to
stretch them, in operation, to the furthest limit
of any authorization actually received.</p>
<p> It is easy to see how this misperception on the part of
<p> It is easy to see how this misperception on the part of
the CIA developed. A president, hoping to pursue his goals,
would communicate his desire for a sensitive operation
indirectly, thereby creating sort of a "blank check". CIA
@ -1124,7 +1125,7 @@ officers would be tempted to keep him unaware of it, thereby
enabling him to "plausibly deny" any knowledge of the scheme.
Darrel Garwood, the author of a comprehensive work on
CIA activities entitled Under Cover writes,</p>
<p>"Plausible deniability" could be regarded as one of
<p>"Plausible deniability" could be regarded as one of
the most wretched theories ever invented. Its
application...was based on the idea that in an
unholy venture a president could be kept so
@ -1133,7 +1134,7 @@ could truthfully emerge as shiningly blameless. In
practice, whether he deserved it or not, a
president almost always had to take the blame for
whatever happened.</p>
<p>Also, as the Senate Intelligence Committee pointed out about
<p>Also, as the Senate Intelligence Committee pointed out about
plausible deniability, "this concept...has been expanded to
mask decisions of the President and his senior staff
members."
@ -1173,7 +1174,7 @@ look back to a time when the Agency really did as it pleased.
To get an idea of the characteristics of the men in the
Agency during its first three decades, we shall look at a
description of CIA case officers.</p>
<p>CIA men abroad were called case officers within the
<p>CIA men abroad were called case officers within the
organization. As individuals, they were generally
efficient, dedicated, highly motivated and
incorruptible. The trouble in the CIA was likely
@ -1185,7 +1186,7 @@ light of their goal of outscoring the nation's
potential enemies. And naturally, until one
happened, they could not imagine a nationwide furor
over actions which to them seemed unimportant.</p>
<p>In a speech before the American Society of Newspaper Editors
<p>In a speech before the American Society of Newspaper Editors
in April, 1971, then DCI Richard Helms said, "The nation must
to a degree take it on faith that we too are honorable men,
devoted to her service."
@ -1200,11 +1201,11 @@ Russell, the Democratic Senator from Georgia, once gave the
following explanation of why he led the fight against a
resolution to provide for closer Congressional surveillance
of the CIA.</p>
<p>Russell noted that the statement had been made on
<p>Russell noted that the statement had been made on
the floor that the Armed Services subcommittee of
which he was a member had not revealed to the
country what it had learned about CIA operations.</p>
<p>"No, Mr. President," Russell said, "we have not
<p>"No, Mr. President," Russell said, "we have not
told the country, and I do not propose to tell the
country in the future, because if there is anything
in the United States which should be held sacred
@ -1215,7 +1216,7 @@ hand than it would be to adopt a theory that such
information should be spread and made available to
every member of Congress and to the members of the
staff of any committee.</p>
<p>With such a powerful man and others like him on its side, it
<p>With such a powerful man and others like him on its side, it
is small wonder that the CIA got away with the things that it
did prior to 1975.
CIA officers cleverly played upon the fears of Congress
@ -1228,156 +1229,156 @@ disclosure of our secret activities and operations
or uncovers our personnel, will help a potential
enemy just as if the enemy had been able to
infiltrate his own agents right into our shop.</p>
<p>Such statements led Senators like John Stennis to comment,
<p>Such statements led Senators like John Stennis to comment,
"If you are going to have an intelligence agency, you have to
protect it as such...and shut your eyes some, and take what's
coming".</p>
<p> Appendix I</p>
<p>The following is a partial list of United States Covert
<p> Appendix I</p>
<p>The following is a partial list of United States Covert
action abroad to impose or restore favorable political
conditions, 1946-1983. The list was prepared by Tom Gervasi
of the Center for Military Research and Analysis in 1984, and
it was compiled using information available in the public
domain.</p>
<p>1946: GREECE. Restore monarch after overthrow of Metaxas
<p>1946: GREECE. Restore monarch after overthrow of Metaxas
government. Successful.</p>
<p>1946-1955: WEST GERMANY. Average of $6 million annually to
<p>1946-1955: WEST GERMANY. Average of $6 million annually to
support former Nazi intelligence network of General
Reinhard Gehlen. Successful.</p>
<p>1948-1968: ITALY. Average of $30 million annually in
<p>1948-1968: ITALY. Average of $30 million annually in
payments to political and labor leaders to supportanti-Communist candidates in Italian elections. Successful.</p>
<p>1949: GREECE. Military assistance to anti-Communist forces
<p>1949: GREECE. Military assistance to anti-Communist forces
in Greek civil war. Successful.</p>
<p>1949-1953: UKRAINE. Organize and support a Ukrainian
<p>1949-1953: UKRAINE. Organize and support a Ukrainian
resistance movement. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1949-1961: BURMA. Support 12000 Nationalist China troops
<p>1949-1961: BURMA. Support 12000 Nationalist China troops
in Burma under General Li Mi as an incursion force into
People's Republic of China. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1950-1952: POLAND. Financial and military assistance for
<p>1950-1952: POLAND. Financial and military assistance for
Polish Freedom and Independence Movement. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1950: ALBANIA. Overthrow government of Enver Hoxha.
<p>1950: ALBANIA. Overthrow government of Enver Hoxha.
Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1951-1954: CHINA. Airdrop guerilla teams into People's
<p>1951-1954: CHINA. Airdrop guerilla teams into People's
Republic of China. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1953: IRAN. Overthrow Mossadegh government and install
<p>1953: IRAN. Overthrow Mossadegh government and install
Zahedi. Cost: $10 million. Successful.</p>
<p>1953: PHILLIPINES. Assassination and propaganda campaign to
<p>1953: PHILLIPINES. Assassination and propaganda campaign to
overcome Huk resistance and install government of Ramon
Magsaysay. Successful.</p>
<p>@Copyright 1984 by the Center for Military Research and
<p>@Copyright 1984 by the Center for Military Research and
Analysis</p>
<p>1953: COSTA RICA. Overthrow government of Jose Figueres.
<p>1953: COSTA RICA. Overthrow government of Jose Figueres.
Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1954: SOUTH VIETNAM. Install government of Ngo Dinh Diem.
<p>1954: SOUTH VIETNAM. Install government of Ngo Dinh Diem.
Successful.</p>
<p>1954: WEST GERMANY. Arrange abduction and discreditation of
<p>1954: WEST GERMANY. Arrange abduction and discreditation of
West German intelligence chief Otto John, and replace
with Reinhard Gehlen. Successful.
1954: GUATEMALA. Overthrow government of Jacobo Arbenz
Guzman and replace with Carlos Castillo Armas.
Successful.</p>
<p>1955: CHINA. Assassinate Zhou Enlai en route to Bandung
<p>1955: CHINA. Assassinate Zhou Enlai en route to Bandung
Conference. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1956: HUNGARY. Financial and military assistance to
<p>1956: HUNGARY. Financial and military assistance to
organize and support a Hungarian resistance movement,
and broad propaganda campaign to encourage it.
Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1956: CUBA. Establish anti-Communist police force, Buro de
<p>1956: CUBA. Establish anti-Communist police force, Buro de
Represion Actividades Communistas (BRAC) under Batista
regime. Successful.</p>
<p>1956: EGYPT. Overthrow Nasser government. Unsuccessful.
<p>1956: EGYPT. Overthrow Nasser government. Unsuccessful.
1956: SYRIA. Overthrow Ghazzi government. Aborted by
Israeli invasion of Egypt.</p>
<p>1956-1957: JORDAN. Average of $750000 annually in personal
<p>1956-1957: JORDAN. Average of $750000 annually in personal
payments to King Hussein. According to United States
government, payments ceased when disclosed in 1976.</p>
<p>1957: LEBANON. Financial assistance for the election of
<p>1957: LEBANON. Financial assistance for the election of
pro-American candidates to Lebanese Parliament.
Successful.</p>
<p>1958: INDONESIA. Financial and military assistance,
<p>1958: INDONESIA. Financial and military assistance,
including B-26 bombers, for revel forces attempting to
overthrow Sukarno government. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1958-1961: TIBET. Infiltrate Tibetan guerrillas trained in
<p>1958-1961: TIBET. Infiltrate Tibetan guerrillas trained in
United States to fight Chinese Communists. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1959: CAMBODIA. Assassinate Prince Norodum Shianouk.
<p>1959: CAMBODIA. Assassinate Prince Norodum Shianouk.
Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1960: GUATEMALA. Military assistance, including the use of
<p>1960: GUATEMALA. Military assistance, including the use of
B-26 bombers for government of Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes
to defeat rebel forces. Successful.</p>
<p>1960: ANGOLA. Financial and military assistance to rebel
<p>1960: ANGOLA. Financial and military assistance to rebel
forces of Holden Roberto. Inconclusive.</p>
<p>1960: LAOS. Military assistance, including 400 United
<p>1960: LAOS. Military assistance, including 400 United
States Special Forces troops, to deny the Plain of Jars
bad Mekong Basin to Pathet Lao. Inconclusive.</p>
<p>1961-1965: LAOS. Average of $300 million annually to
<p>1961-1965: LAOS. Average of $300 million annually to
recruit and maintain L'Armee Clandestine of 35000 Hmong
and Meo tribesmen and 17000 Thai mercenaries in support
of government of Phoumi Nosavan to resist Pathet Lao.
Successful.</p>
<p>1961-1963: CUBA. Assassinate Fidel Castro. Six attempts in
<p>1961-1963: CUBA. Assassinate Fidel Castro. Six attempts in
this period. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1961: CUBA. Train and support invasion force of Cuban
<p>1961: CUBA. Train and support invasion force of Cuban
exiles to overthrow Castro government, and assist their
invasion at the Bay of Pigs. Cost: $62 million.
Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1961: ECUADOR. Overthrow government of Hose Velasco Ibarra.
<p>1961: ECUADOR. Overthrow government of Hose Velasco Ibarra.
Successful.</p>
<p>1961: CONGO. Precipitate conditions leading to
<p>1961: CONGO. Precipitate conditions leading to
assassination of Patrice Lumumba. Successful.</p>
<p>1961: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Precipitate conditions leading to
<p>1961: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Precipitate conditions leading to
assassination of Rafael Trujillo. Successful.</p>
<p>1961-1966: CUBA. Broad sabotage program, including
<p>1961-1966: CUBA. Broad sabotage program, including
terrorist attacks on coastal targets and bacteriological
warfare, in effort to weaken Castro government.
Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1962: THAILAND. Brigade of 5000 United States Marines to
<p>1962: THAILAND. Brigade of 5000 United States Marines to
resist threat to Thai government from Pathet Lao.
Successful. </p>
<p>1962-1964: BRITISH GUIANA. Organize labor strikes and riots
<p>1962-1964: BRITISH GUIANA. Organize labor strikes and riots
to overthrow government of Cheddi Jagan. Successful.</p>
<p>1962-1964: BRAZIL. Organize campaign of labor strike and
<p>1962-1964: BRAZIL. Organize campaign of labor strike and
propaganda to overthrow government of Joao Goulart.
Successful.</p>
<p>1963: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Overthrow government of Juan
<p>1963: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Overthrow government of Juan
Bosch in military coup. Successful.</p>
<p>1963: SOUTH VIETNAM. Precipitate conditions leading to
<p>1963: SOUTH VIETNAM. Precipitate conditions leading to
assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem. Successful.</p>
<p>1963: ECUADOR. Overthrow government of Carlos Julio
<p>1963: ECUADOR. Overthrow government of Carlos Julio
Arosemena. Successful.</p>
<p>1963-1984: EL SALVADOR. Organize ORDEN and ANSESAL domestic
<p>1963-1984: EL SALVADOR. Organize ORDEN and ANSESAL domestic
intelligence networks under direction of General Jose
Alberto Medrano and Colonel Nicolas Carranza, and
provide intelligence support and training in
surveillance, interrogation and assassination
techniques. Successful.</p>
<p>1963-1973: IRAQ. Financial and military assistance for
<p>1963-1973: IRAQ. Financial and military assistance for
Freedom Party of Mulla Mustafa al Barzani in effort to
establish independent Kurdistan. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1964: CHILE. $20 million in assistance for Eduardo Frei to
<p>1964: CHILE. $20 million in assistance for Eduardo Frei to
defeat Salvador Allende in Chilean elections.Successful.</p>
<p>1964: BRAZIL, GUATEMALA, URUGUAY, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.
<p>1964: BRAZIL, GUATEMALA, URUGUAY, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.
Provide training in assassination and interrogation
techniques for police and intelligence personnel.
Inconclusive.</p>
<p>1964: CONGO. Financial and military assistance, including
<p>1964: CONGO. Financial and military assistance, including
B-26 and T-28 aircraft, and American and exiled Cuban
pilots, for Joseph Mobutu and Cyril Adoula, and later
for Moise Tshombe in Katanga, to defeat rebel forces
loyal to Lumumba. Successful.</p>
<p>1964-1967: SOUTH VIETNAM. Phoenix Program to eliminate Viet
<p>1964-1967: SOUTH VIETNAM. Phoenix Program to eliminate Viet
Cong political infrastructure through more than 20000
assassinations. Infiltrated by Viet Cong and only
partially successful.</p>
<p>1964-1971: NORTH VIETNAM. Sabotage and ambush missions
<p>1964-1971: NORTH VIETNAM. Sabotage and ambush missions
under Operations Plan 34A by United States Special
Forces and Nung tribesmen. Inconclusive.</p>
<p>1965-1971: LAOS. Under Operations Shining Brass and Prairie
<p>1965-1971: LAOS. Under Operations Shining Brass and Prairie
Fire, sabotage and ambush missions by United States
Special Forces personnel and Nung and Meo tribesmen
under General Bang Pao. Inconclusive.</p>
<p>1965: THAILAND. Recruit 17000 mercenaries to support
<p>1965: THAILAND. Recruit 17000 mercenaries to support
Laotian government of Phoumi Nosavan resisting Pathet
Lao. Successful.
1965: PERU. Provide training in assassination and
@ -1385,71 +1386,71 @@ interrogation techniques for Peruvian police and
intelligence personnel, similar to training given in
Uruguay, Brazil and Dominican Republic, in effort to
defeat resistance movement. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1965: INDONESIA. Organize campaign of propaganda to
<p>1965: INDONESIA. Organize campaign of propaganda to
overthrow Sukarno government, and precipitate conditions
leading to massacre of more than 500000 members of
Indonesian Communist Party, in order to eliminate
opposition to new Suharto government. Successful.</p>
<p>1967: BOLIVIA. Assist government in capture of Ernesto Che
<p>1967: BOLIVIA. Assist government in capture of Ernesto Che
Guevara. Successful.</p>
<p>1967: GREECE. Overthrow government of George Papandreou and
<p>1967: GREECE. Overthrow government of George Papandreou and
install military government of Colonel George
Papadopolous after abdication of King Constantine.
Successful. </p>
<p>1967-1971: CAMBODIA. Under Projects Daniel Boone and Salem
<p>1967-1971: CAMBODIA. Under Projects Daniel Boone and Salem
House, sabotage and ambush missions by United States
Special Forces personnel and Meo tribesmen.
Inconclusive.</p>
<p>1969-1970: CAMBODIA. Bombing campaign to crush Viet Cong
<p>1969-1970: CAMBODIA. Bombing campaign to crush Viet Cong
sanctuaries in Cambodia. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1970: CAMBODIA. Overthrow government of Prince Norodom
<p>1970: CAMBODIA. Overthrow government of Prince Norodom
Sihanouk. Successful.</p>
<p>1970-1973: CHILE. Campaign of assassinations, propaganda,
<p>1970-1973: CHILE. Campaign of assassinations, propaganda,
labor strikes and demonstrations to overthrow government
of Salvador Allende. Cost: $8400000. Successful.</p>
<p>1973-1978: AFGHANISTAN. Military and financial assistance
<p>1973-1978: AFGHANISTAN. Military and financial assistance
to government of Mohammed Duad to resist rise to power
of Noor Mohammed Taraki. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1975: PORTUGAL. Overthrow government of General Vasco dos
<p>1975: PORTUGAL. Overthrow government of General Vasco dos
Santos Goncalves. Successful.</p>
<p>1975: ANGOLA. Military assistance to forces of Holden
<p>1975: ANGOLA. Military assistance to forces of Holden
Roberto and Jonas Savimbi to defeat forces of Popular
Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) during
Angolan civil war, and prevent MPLA from forming new
government. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1975: AUSTRALIA. Propaganda and political pressure to force
<p>1975: AUSTRALIA. Propaganda and political pressure to force
dissolution of labor government of Gough Whitlam.
Successful.
1976: JAMAICA. Military coup to overthrow government of
Michael Manley. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1976-1984: ANGOLA. Financial and military assistance to
<p>1976-1984: ANGOLA. Financial and military assistance to
forces of Jonas Savimbi to harass and destabilize Neto
and succeeding governments. Inconclusive.</p>
<p>1979: IRAN. Install military government to replace Shah and
<p>1979: IRAN. Install military government to replace Shah and
resist growth of Moslem fundamentalism. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1979-1980: JAMAICA. Financial pressure to destabilize
<p>1979-1980: JAMAICA. Financial pressure to destabilize
government of Michael Manley, and campaign propaganda
and demonstrations to defeat it in elections.
Successful.</p>
<p>1979: AFGHANISTAN. Military aid to rebel forces of Zia
<p>1979: AFGHANISTAN. Military aid to rebel forces of Zia
Nezri, Zia Khan Nassry, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Sayed Ahmed
Gailani and conservative mullahs to overthrow government
of Hafizullah Amin. Aborted by Soviet intervention and
installation of new government.</p>
<p>1980-1984: AFGHANISTAN. Continuing military aid to same
<p>1980-1984: AFGHANISTAN. Continuing military aid to same
rebel groups to harass Soviet occupation forces and
challenge legitimacy of government of Babrak Karmal.</p>
<p>1979: SEYCHELLES. Destabilize government of France Albert
<p>1979: SEYCHELLES. Destabilize government of France Albert
Rene. Successful.</p>
<p>1980: GRENADA. Mercenary coup to overthrow government of
<p>1980: GRENADA. Mercenary coup to overthrow government of
Maurice Bishop. Successful.</p>
<p>1980: DOMINICA. Financial support to Freedom Party of
<p>1980: DOMINICA. Financial support to Freedom Party of
Eugenia Charles to defeat Oliver Seraphim in Dominican
elections. Successful.</p>
<p>1980: GUYANA. Assassinate opposition leader Walter Rodney
<p>1980: GUYANA. Assassinate opposition leader Walter Rodney
to consolidate power of government of Forbes Burnham.
Successful.</p>
<p>1980-1984: NICARAGUA. Military assistance to Adolfo Colero
<p>1980-1984: NICARAGUA. Military assistance to Adolfo Colero
Portocarrero, Alfonso Robelo, Alfonso Callejas, Fernando
Chamorro Rappacioli, Eden Pastora Gomez, Adrianna
Guillen, Steadman Fagoth and former Somoza National
@ -1457,34 +1458,34 @@ Guard officers, to recruit, train and equip anti-Sandinista forces for sabotage
into Nicaragua from sanctuaries in Honduras and Costa
Rica, in effort to destabilize government of Daniel
Ortega Saavedra.</p>
<p>1981: SEYCHELLES. Military coup to overthrow government of
<p>1981: SEYCHELLES. Military coup to overthrow government of
France Albert Rene. Unsuccessful.
1981-1982: MAURITIUS. Financial support to Seewoosagar
Ramgoolam to bring him to power in 1982 elections.
Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1981-1984: LIBYA. Broad campaign of economic pressure,
<p>1981-1984: LIBYA. Broad campaign of economic pressure,
propaganda, military maneuvers in Egypt, Sudan and Gulf
of Sidra, and organization if Libyan Liberation Front
exiles to destabilize government of Muammar Qaddafi.
Inconclusive.</p>
<p>1982: CHAD. Military assistance to Hissen Habre to
<p>1982: CHAD. Military assistance to Hissen Habre to
overthrow government of Goukouni Oueddei. Successful.</p>
<p>1982: GUATEMALA. Military coup to overthrow government of
<p>1982: GUATEMALA. Military coup to overthrow government of
Angel Anibal Guevara. Successful.</p>
<p>1982: BOLIVIA. Military coup to overthrow government of
<p>1982: BOLIVIA. Military coup to overthrow government of
Celso Torrelio. Successful.</p>
<p>1982: JORDAN. Military assistance to equip and train two
<p>1982: JORDAN. Military assistance to equip and train two
Jordanian brigades as an Arab strike force to implement
United States policy objectives without Israeli
assistance.</p>
<p>1982-1983: SURINAM. Overthrow government of Colonel Desi
<p>1982-1983: SURINAM. Overthrow government of Colonel Desi
Bouterse. Three attempts in this period. Unsuccessful.</p>
<p>1984: EL SALVADOR. $1.4 million in financial support for
<p>1984: EL SALVADOR. $1.4 million in financial support for
the Presidential election campaign of Jose Napoleon
Duarte. Successful. Appendix II
The Congo 1960: State Terrorism and Foreign Policy*</p>
<p>A 1975 report of the Church Committee entitled "Alleged
<p>A 1975 report of the Church Committee entitled "Alleged
Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders" provides a
rare inside account of how such operations are planned and
carried out--in this case, the CIA's attempt to assassinate
@ -1506,60 +1507,60 @@ delivered to his archenemies in Katanga, where he was
murdered. Following are excerpts from the cables, published
by the committee, that were exchanged by CIA headquarters in
Washington and the officers in the Congo. </p>
<p>August 18, 1960. Station chief, Leopoldville, to CIA
<p>August 18, 1960. Station chief, Leopoldville, to CIA
headquarters:</p>
<p>EMBASSY AND STATION BELIEVE CONGO EXPERIENCING CLASSIC
<p>EMBASSY AND STATION BELIEVE CONGO EXPERIENCING CLASSIC
COMMUNIST EFFORT TAKEOVER GOVERNMENT...DECISIVE PERIOD NOT
FAR OFF. WHETHER OR NOT LUMUMBA ACTUALLY COMMIE OR JUST
PLAYING COMMIE GAME TO ASSIST HIS SOLIDIFYING POWER, ANTI-WEST FORCES RAPIDLY INCREASING POWER CONGO AND THERE MAY BE
LITTLE TIME LEFT IN WHICH TO TAKE ACTION TO AVOID ANOTHER
CUBA.</p>
<p>August 26. Headquarters to Leopoldville:</p>
<p>IN HIGH QUARTERS HERE IT IS THE CLEAR-CUT CONCLUSION THAT IF
<p>August 26. Headquarters to Leopoldville:</p>
<p>IN HIGH QUARTERS HERE IT IS THE CLEAR-CUT CONCLUSION THAT IF
[LUMUMBA] CONTUNUES TO HOLD HIGH OFFICE, THE INEVITABLE
RESULT WILL...AT WORST PAVE THE WAY TO COMMUNIST
TAKEOVER...WITH DISASTROUS CONSEQUENCES..FOR THE INTERESTS OF</p>
<p>*This excerpt appeared in Harper's Magazine in October 1984.
<p>*This excerpt appeared in Harper's Magazine in October 1984.
THE FREE WORLD GENERALLY. CONSEQUENTLY WE CONCLUDE THAT HIS
REMOVAL MUST BE AN URGENT AND PRIME OBJECTIVE...OF OUR COVERT
ACTION...TO THE EXTENT THAT AMBASSADOR MAY DESIRE TO BE
CONSULTED, YOU SHOULD SEEK HIS CONCURRENCE. IF IN ANY
PARTICULAR CASE, HE DOES NOT WISH TO BE CONSULTED YOU CAN ACT
ON YOUR AUTHORITY...</p>
<p>September 19. Headquarters to Leopoldville, announcing the
<p>September 19. Headquarters to Leopoldville, announcing the
arrival of the poison:</p>
<p>["JOE"] SHOULD ARRIVE APPROX. 27 SEPT...WILL ANNOUNCE HIMSELF
<p>["JOE"] SHOULD ARRIVE APPROX. 27 SEPT...WILL ANNOUNCE HIMSELF
AS "JOE FROM PARIS"...URGENT YOU SHOULD SEE ["JOE"]
SOONEST...HE WILL FULLY IDENTIFY HIMSELF AMD EXPLAIN HIS
ASSIGNMENT TO YOU. ALL CABLE TRAFFIC THIS OP...HOLD ENTIRELY
TO YOURSELF.</p>
<p>October 7. Leopoldville to headquarters:</p>
<p>[JOE] LEFT CERTAIN ITEMS OF CONTINUING USEFULNESS. [STATION
<p>October 7. Leopoldville to headquarters:</p>
<p>[JOE] LEFT CERTAIN ITEMS OF CONTINUING USEFULNESS. [STATION
OFFICER] PLANS CONTINUE TRY IMPLEMENT OP.</p>
<p>October 15. Headquarters to Leopoldville:</p>
<p>POSSIBLE USE COMMANDO TYPE GROUP FOR ABDUCTIOM
<p>October 15. Headquarters to Leopoldville:</p>
<p>POSSIBLE USE COMMANDO TYPE GROUP FOR ABDUCTIOM
[LUMUMBA]...VIA ASSAULT ON HOUSE...</p>
<p>October 17. Leopoldville to headquarters:</p>
<p>NOT BEEN ABLE PENETRATE ENTOURAGE...RECOMMEND HQS POUCH
<p>October 17. Leopoldville to headquarters:</p>
<p>NOT BEEN ABLE PENETRATE ENTOURAGE...RECOMMEND HQS POUCH
SOONEST HIGH POWERED FOREIGN MAKE RIFLE WITH TELESCOPIC SCOPE
AND SILENCER. HUNTING GOOD HERE WHEN LIGHT IS RIGHT.</p>
<p>November 14. Leopoldville to headquarters:</p>
<p>TARGET HAS NOT LEFT BUILDING IN SEVERAL WEEKS. HOUSE GUARDED
<p>November 14. Leopoldville to headquarters:</p>
<p>TARGET HAS NOT LEFT BUILDING IN SEVERAL WEEKS. HOUSE GUARDED
DAY AND NIGHT...TARGET HAS DISMISSED MOST OF SERVANTS SO
ENTRY THIS MEANS SEEMS REMOTE. </p>
<p>January 13. Fearing that Lumumba, who had been imprisoned by
<p>January 13. Fearing that Lumumba, who had been imprisoned by
Mobutu's forces in December, would soon be freed by his
supporters and seize power, Leopoldville cables headquarters:</p>
<p>THE COMBINATION OF [LUMUMBA'S] POWERS AS DEMAGOGUE, HIS ABLE
<p>THE COMBINATION OF [LUMUMBA'S] POWERS AS DEMAGOGUE, HIS ABLE
USE OF OF GOON SQUADS AND PROPAGANDA AND SPIRIT OF DEFEAT
WITHIN [GOVERNMENT]...WOULD ALMOST CERTAINLY INSURE [LUMUMBA]
VICTORY IN PARLIAMENT...REFUSAL TAKE DRASTIC STEPS AT THIS
TIME WILL LEAD TO DEFEAT OF [UNITED STATES] POLICY IN CONGO.</p>
<p>January 17. Mobutu and his ally Joseph Kasavubu send Lumumba
<p>January 17. Mobutu and his ally Joseph Kasavubu send Lumumba
to his enemies in Katanga province, the forces of local
leader Moise Tshombe. Two days later, the CIA base chief in
Elizabethville cables headquarters:</p>
<p>THANKS FOR PATRICE. IF WE HAD KNOWN HE WAS COMING WE WOULD
<p>THANKS FOR PATRICE. IF WE HAD KNOWN HE WAS COMING WE WOULD
HAVE BAKED A SNAKE.
A U.N. inquiry later concluded Lumumba was killed by his
@ -1568,4 +1569,5 @@ Church Committee investigation found that "the toxic
substances were never used. But there is, however, no
suggestion of a connection between the assassination plot and
the events which actually led to Lumumba's death". </p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

302
pre-src-xml/ciabwash.xml
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@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>SEE NOTES AT END FOR INFO ON SOURCES OF THESE DOCUMENTS</p>
<p> CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>SEE NOTES AT END FOR INFO ON SOURCES OF THESE DOCUMENTS</p>
<p> CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.</p>
<p> OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR 25 APR 1956
<p> OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR 25 APR 1956
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM FOR: The honorable J. Edgar Hoover
<p> MEMORANDUM FOR: The honorable J. Edgar Hoover
Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation</p>
<p> SUBJECT : Brainwashing</p>
<p> The attached study on brainwashing was prepared by my
<p> SUBJECT : Brainwashing</p>
<p> The attached study on brainwashing was prepared by my
staff in response to the increasing acute interest in the
subject throughout the intelligence and security components
of the Government. I feel you will find it well worth your
@ -20,17 +21,17 @@ hold divergent views on various aspects of this most complex
subject, I believe the study reflects a synthesis of majority
expert opinion. I will, of course, appreciate any comments
on it that you or your staff may have.</p>
<p> (signed)
<p> (signed)
Allen W. Dulles
Director</p>
<p> ENCLOSURE</p>
<p> OA 53-37
<p> ENCLOSURE</p>
<p> OA 53-37
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> A REPORT ON COMMUNIST BRAINWASHING</p>
<p> The report that follows is a condensation of a study by training experts of the important classified and unclassified information
<p> A REPORT ON COMMUNIST BRAINWASHING</p>
<p> The report that follows is a condensation of a study by training experts of the important classified and unclassified information
available on this subject.</p>
<p>BACKGROUND</p>
<p> Brainwashing, as a technique, has been used for centuries and
<p>BACKGROUND</p>
<p> Brainwashing, as a technique, has been used for centuries and
is no mystery to psychologists. In this sense, brainwashing means
involuntary re-education of basic beliefs and values. All people
are being re-educated continually. New information changes one's
@ -38,25 +39,25 @@ beliefs. Everyone has experienced to some degree the conflict that
ensues when new information is not consistent with prior belief.
The experience of the brainwashed individual differs in that the inconsistent information is forced upon the individual under controlled
conditions after the possibility of critical judgment has been removed by a variety of methods.</p>
<p> There is no question that an individual can be broken psychologically by captors with knowledge and willingness to persist in techniques aimed at deliberately destroying the integration of a personality. Although it is probable that everyone reduced to such a confused,
<p> There is no question that an individual can be broken psychologically by captors with knowledge and willingness to persist in techniques aimed at deliberately destroying the integration of a personality. Although it is probable that everyone reduced to such a confused,
disoriented state will respond to the introduction of new beliefs, this
cannot be stated dogmatically.</p>
<p>PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN CONTROL AND REACTION TO CONTROL</p>
<p> There are progressive steps in exercising control over an individual and changing his behaviour and personality integration. The following five steps are typical of behaviour changes in any controlled
<p>PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN CONTROL AND REACTION TO CONTROL</p>
<p> There are progressive steps in exercising control over an individual and changing his behaviour and personality integration. The following five steps are typical of behaviour changes in any controlled
individual:</p>
<p> 1. Making the individual aware of control is the first stage in
<p> 1. Making the individual aware of control is the first stage in
changing his behaviour. A small child is made aware of the physical
and psychological control of his parents and quickly recognizes that
an overwhelming force must be reckoned with. So, a controlled adult
comes to recognize the overwhelming powers of the state and the impersonal, "incarcerative" machinery in which he is enmeshed. The individual recognizes that definite limits have been put upon the ways
he can respond.</p>
<p>(Approved for Release) (62-80750-2712X)
<p>(Approved for Release) (62-80750-2712X)
(Date: 8 FEB 1984)</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> 2. Realization of his complete dependence upon the controlling system is a major factor in the controlling of his behavior.The controlled adult is forced to accept the fact that food, tobacco,praise,
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> 2. Realization of his complete dependence upon the controlling system is a major factor in the controlling of his behavior.The controlled adult is forced to accept the fact that food, tobacco,praise,
and the only social contact that he will get come from the very interrogator who exercises control over him.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> 3. The awareness of control and recognition of dependence result in causing internal conflict and breakdown of previous patterns
<p> 3. The awareness of control and recognition of dependence result in causing internal conflict and breakdown of previous patterns
of behaviour. Although this transition can be relatively mild in
the case of a child, it is almost invariably severe for the adult
undergoing brainwashing. Only an individual who holds his values
@ -65,18 +66,18 @@ aim to have the individuals undergo profound emotional change, they
force their victims to seek out painfully what is desired by the
controlling individual. During this period the victim is likely to
have a mental breakdown characterized by delusions and hallucinations.</p>
<p> 4. Discovery that there is an acceptable solution to his problem is the first stage of reducing the individual's conflict. It
<p> 4. Discovery that there is an acceptable solution to his problem is the first stage of reducing the individual's conflict. It
is characteristically reported by victims of brainwashing that this
discovery led to an overwhelming feeling of relief that the horror
of internal conflict would cease and that perhaps they would not,
after all, be driven insane. It is at this point that they are prepared to make major changes in their value-system. This is an
automatic rather than voluntary choice. They have lost their ability to be critical.</p>
<p> 5. Reintergration of values and identification with the controlling system is the final stage in changing the behaviour of the
<p> 5. Reintergration of values and identification with the controlling system is the final stage in changing the behaviour of the
controlled individual. A child who has learned a new, socially desirable behaviour demonstrates its importance by attempting to asapt the new behaviour to a variety of other situations. Similar
states in the brainwashed adult are</p>
<p> (SECTION DELETED BY CIA)</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>pitiful. His new value-system, his manner of perceiving,organizing,and
<p> (SECTION DELETED BY CIA)</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>pitiful. His new value-system, his manner of perceiving,organizing,and
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
giving meaning to events, is virtually independent of his former value-system.He is no longer capable of thinking or speaking in concepts other
than those he has adopted. He tends to identify by expressing thanks to
@ -84,9 +85,9 @@ his captors for helping him see the light.Brainwashing can be achieved
without using illegal means.Anyone willing to use known principles of
control and reactions to control and capable of demonstrating the patience
needed in raising a child can probably achieve successful brainwashing.</p>
<p>COMMUNIST CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND THEIR EFFECTS</p>
<p> A description of usual communist control techniques follows.</p>
<p> 1. Interrogation. There are at least two ways in which "interrogation" is used:
<p>COMMUNIST CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND THEIR EFFECTS</p>
<p> A description of usual communist control techniques follows.</p>
<p> 1. Interrogation. There are at least two ways in which "interrogation" is used:
a. Elicitation, which is designed to get the individual to
surrender protected information, is a form of interrogation. One major
difference between elicitation and interrogation used to achieve
@ -102,16 +103,16 @@ general, to this type. The "interrogator" is the individual who conducts
this type of interrogation and who controls the administration of the other
pressures. He is the protagonist against whom the victim develops his conflict, and upon whom the victim develops a state of dependency as he seeks
some solution to his conflict.</p>
<p> 2. Physical Torture and Threats of Torture. Two types of physical
<p> 2. Physical Torture and Threats of Torture. Two types of physical
torture are distinguishable more by their psychological effect in inducing conflict than by the degree of painfulness:</p>
<p> a. The first type is one in which the victim has a passive role
<p> a. The first type is one in which the victim has a passive role
in the pain inflicted on him (e.g.,beatings). His conflict involves the
decision of whether or not to give in to demands in order to avoid further
pain. Generally, brutality of this type was not found to achieve the
desired results. Threats of torture were found more effective, as fear
of pain causes greater conflict within the individual than does pain itself.</p>
<p> OA 53-37 </p>
<p> b. The second type of torture is represented by requiring the
<p> OA 53-37 </p>
<p> b. The second type of torture is represented by requiring the
individual to stand in one spot for several hours or assume some other
pain-inducing position. Such a requirement often engenders in the individual a determination to "stick it out." This internal act of resistance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ and his desire to collapse and discontinue the pain. It is this extra
internal conflict, in addition to the conflict over whether or not to give
in to the demands made of him, that tends to make this method of torture
more effective in the breakdown of the individual personality.</p>
<p> 3. Isolation. Individual differences in reaction to isolation are
<p> 3. Isolation. Individual differences in reaction to isolation are
probably greater than to any other method. Some individuals appear to
be able to withstand prolonged periods of isolation without deleterious
effects, while a relatively short period of isolation reduces others to
@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ reacted violently to isolation in relatively clean cells. The predominant
cause of breakdown in such situations is a lack of sensory stimulation
(i.e.,grayness of walls,lack of sound,absence of social contact,etc.).
Experimental subjects exposed to this condition have reported vivid hallicinations and overwhelming fears of losing their sanity.</p>
<p> 4. Control of Communication. This is one of the most effective
<p> 4. Control of Communication. This is one of the most effective
methods for creating a sense of helplessness and despair. This measure
might well be considered the cornerstone of the communist system of control. It consists of strict regulation of the mail,reading materials,
broadcast materials, and social contact available to the individual. The
@ -148,16 +149,16 @@ leaflets of encouragement been dropped to them. When the only contact
with the outside world is via the interrogator, the prisoner comes to
develop extreme dependency on his interrogator and hence loses another
prop to his morale.</p>
<p> Another wrinkle in communication control is the informer system.
<p> Another wrinkle in communication control is the informer system.
The recruitment of informers in POW camps discouraged communication</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>between inmates.POWs who feared that every act or thought of resistance
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>between inmates.POWs who feared that every act or thought of resistance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
would be communicated to the camp administrators, lost faith in their
fellow man and were forced to "untrusting individualism." Informers are
also under several stages of brainwashing and elicitation to develop
and maintain control over the victims.</p>
<p> 5. Induction of Fatigue. This is a well-known device for breaking
<p> 5. Induction of Fatigue. This is a well-known device for breaking
will power and critical powers of judgment. Deprivation of sleep results
in more intense psychological debilitation than does any other method of
engendering fatigue. The communists vary their methods. "Conveyor belt"
@ -168,9 +169,9 @@ to remain awake during the day. Additional interruptions in the remaining
Alternate administration of drug stimulants and depressants hastens the
process of fatigue and sharpens the psychological reactions of excitement
and depression.</p>
<p> Fatigue, in addition to reducing the will to resist,also produces
<p> Fatigue, in addition to reducing the will to resist,also produces
irritation and fear that arise from increased "slips of the tongue." forgetfulness, and decreased ability to maintain orderly thought processes.</p>
<p> 6. Control of Food,Water and Tobacco. The controlled individual
<p> 6. Control of Food,Water and Tobacco. The controlled individual
is made intensely aware of his dependence upon his interrogator for the
quality and quantity of his food and tobacco. The exercise of this control usually follows a pattern. No food and little or no water is permitted the individual for several days prior to interrogation.When the
prisoner first complains of this to the interrogator, the latter expresses
@ -184,49 +185,49 @@ irritation increased as their ability to think clearly decreased. The
control of tobacco presented an even greater source of conflict for heavy
smokers. Because tobacco is not necessary to life, being manipulated by
his craving for it can in the individual a strong sense of guilt.</p>
<p> 7. Criticism and Self-Criticism. There are mechanisms of communist
<p> 7. Criticism and Self-Criticism. There are mechanisms of communist
thought control. Self-criticism gains its effectiveness from the fact
that although it is not a crime for a man to be wrong, it is a major crime
to be stubborn and to refuse to learn. Many individuals feel intensely relieved in being able to share their sense of guilt. Those individuals</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>however, who have adjusted to handling their guilt internally have difficulty adapting to criticism and self-criticism. In brainwashing ,after
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>however, who have adjusted to handling their guilt internally have difficulty adapting to criticism and self-criticism. In brainwashing ,after
a sufficient sense of guilt has been created in the individual, sharing
and self-criticism permit relief. The price paid for this relief, however,
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
is loss of individuality and increased dependency.</p>
<p> 8. Hypnosis and Drugs as Controls. There is no reliable evidence
<p> 8. Hypnosis and Drugs as Controls. There is no reliable evidence
that the communists are making widespread use of drugs or hypnosis in
brainwashing or elicitation. The exception to this is the use of common
stimulants or depressants in inducing fatigue and "mood swings."</p>
<p> 9. Other methods of control, which when used in conjunction with the
<p> 9. Other methods of control, which when used in conjunction with the
basic processes, hasten the deterioration of prisoners' sense of values
and resistance are:</p>
<p> a. Requiring a case history or autobiography of the prisoner
<p> a. Requiring a case history or autobiography of the prisoner
provides a mine of information for the interrogator in establishing and
"documenting" accusations.</p>
<p> b. Friendliness of the interrogator , when least expected, upsets the prisoner's ability to maintain a critical attitude.</p>
<p> c. Petty demands, such as severely limiting the allotted time
<p> b. Friendliness of the interrogator , when least expected, upsets the prisoner's ability to maintain a critical attitude.</p>
<p> c. Petty demands, such as severely limiting the allotted time
for use of toilet facilities or requiring the POW to kill hundreds of
flies, are harassment methods.</p>
<p> d. Prisoners are often humiliated by refusing them the use of
<p> d. Prisoners are often humiliated by refusing them the use of
toilet facilities during interrogator until they soil themselves. often
prisoners were not permitted to bathe for weeks until they felt contemptible.</p>
<p> e. Conviction as a war criminal appears to be a potent factor
<p> e. Conviction as a war criminal appears to be a potent factor
in creating despair in the individual. One official analysis of the pressures exerted by the ChiComs on "confessors" and "non-confessors" to
participation in bacteriological warfare in Korea showed that actual trial
and conviction of "war crimes" was overwhelmingly associated with breakdown
and confession.</p>
<p> f. Attempted elicitation of protected information at various
<p> f. Attempted elicitation of protected information at various
times during the brainwashing process diverted the individual from awareness of the deterioration of his value-system. The fact that, in most
cases, the ChiComs did not want or need such intelligence was not known
to the prisoner. His attempts to protect such information was made at
the expense of hastening his own breakdown.</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>THE EXERCISE OF CONTROL: A "SCHEDULE" FOR BRAINWASHING
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>THE EXERCISE OF CONTROL: A "SCHEDULE" FOR BRAINWASHING
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From the many fragmentary accounts reviewed, the following appears
to be the most likely description of what occurs during brainwashing .</p>
<p> In the period immediately following capture, the captors are faced
<p> In the period immediately following capture, the captors are faced
with the problem of deciding on best ways of exploitation of the prisoners.
Therefore, early treatment is similar both for those who are to be exploited
through elicitation and those who are to undergo brainwashing. concurrently
@ -235,30 +236,30 @@ the prisoner undergoes a physical and psychological "softening-up" which
includes: limited unpalatable food rations,withholding of tobacco,possible work details,severely inadequate use of toilet facilities, no use of
facilities for personal cleanliness,limitation of sleep such as requiring
a subject to sleep with a bright light in his eyes. Apparently the interrogation and autobiographical ,material, the reports of the prisoner's behaviour in confinement, and tentative "personality typing" by the interrogators, provide the basis upon which exploitation plans are made.</p>
<p> There is a major difference between preparation for elicitation and
<p> There is a major difference between preparation for elicitation and
for brainwashing .Prisoners exploited through elicitation must retain sufficient clarity of thought to be able to give coherent,factual accounts. In
brainwashing , on the other hand, the first thing attacked is clarity of
thought. To develop a strategy of defense, the controlled individual must
determine what plans have been made for his exploitation. Perhaps the best
cues he can get are internal reactions to the pressures he undergoes.</p>
<p> The most important aspect of the brainwashing process is the interrogation. The other pressures are designed primarily to help the interrogator
<p> The most important aspect of the brainwashing process is the interrogation. The other pressures are designed primarily to help the interrogator
achieve his goals. The following states are created systematically within
the individual . These may vary in order, but all are necessary to the
brainwashing process:</p>
<p> 1. A feeling of helplessness in attempting to deal with the impersonal
<p> 1. A feeling of helplessness in attempting to deal with the impersonal
machinery of control.</p>
<p> 2. An initial reaction of "surprise."</p>
<p> 3. A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him.</p>
<p> 4. A developing feeling of dependence upon the interrogator .</p>
<p> 5. A sense of doubt and loss of objectivity.</p>
<p> 6. Feelings of guilt.</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> 7. A questioning attitude toward his own value-system.</p>
<p> 8. A feeling of potential "breakdown," i.e.,that he might go crazy.
<p> 2. An initial reaction of "surprise."</p>
<p> 3. A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him.</p>
<p> 4. A developing feeling of dependence upon the interrogator .</p>
<p> 5. A sense of doubt and loss of objectivity.</p>
<p> 6. Feelings of guilt.</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> 7. A questioning attitude toward his own value-system.</p>
<p> 8. A feeling of potential "breakdown," i.e.,that he might go crazy.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. A need to defend his acquired principles.</p>
<p> 10. A final sense of "belonging" (identification).</p>
<p> A feeling of helplessness in the face of the impersonal machinery
<p> 10. A final sense of "belonging" (identification).</p>
<p> A feeling of helplessness in the face of the impersonal machinery
of control is carefully engendered within the prisoner. The individual
who receives the preliminary treatment described above not only begins
to feel like an "animal" but also feels that nothing can be done about
@ -274,7 +275,7 @@ no idea what to expect. Ample opportunity is allotted for him to ruminate
upon all the unpleasant or painful things that could happen to him. He
approaches the main interrogator with mixed feelings of relief and
fright.</p>
<p> Surprise is commonly used in the brainwashing process. The prisoner
<p> Surprise is commonly used in the brainwashing process. The prisoner
is rarely prepared for the fact that the interrogators are usually friendly
and considerate at first. They make every effort to demonstrate that
they are reasonable human beings. Often they apologize for bad treatment
@ -286,11 +287,11 @@ however, he is in for another surprise. The formerly reasonable interrogator une
likely to slap the prisoner or draw his pistol and threaten to shoot him.
Usually this storm of emotion ceases as suddenly as it began and the interrogator stalks from the room. These surprising changes create doubt
in the prisoner as to his very ability to perceive another person's motivations correctly. His next interrogation probably will be marked by impassivity in the interrogator 's mien.</p>
<p> A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him is likewise
<p> A feeling of uncertainty about what is required of him is likewise
carefully engendered within the individual . Pleas of the prisoner to
learn specifically of what he is accused and by whom are side-stepped by</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>the interrogator. Instead, the prisoner is asked to tell why he thinks
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>the interrogator. Instead, the prisoner is asked to tell why he thinks
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
he is held and what he feels he is guilty of. If the prisoner fails to
come up with anything, he is accused in terms of broad generalities (e.g.,
@ -301,7 +302,7 @@ can be repeated again and again. As soon as the prisoner can think of
something that might be considered self-incriminating, the interrogator
appears momentarily satisfied. The prisoner is asked to write down his
statement in his own words and sign it.</p>
<p> Meanwhile a strong sense of dependence upon the interrogator is
<p> Meanwhile a strong sense of dependence upon the interrogator is
developed. It does not take long for the prisoner to realize that the
interrogator is the source of all punishment , all gratification,and all
communication. The interrogator , meanwhile,demonstrates his unpredictability. He is perceived by the prisoner as a creature of whim. At
@ -309,7 +310,7 @@ times, the interrogator can be pleased very easily and at other times
no effort on the part of the prisoner will placate him. The prisoner
may begin to channel so much energy into trying to predict the behaviour
of the unpredictable interrogator that he loses track of what is happening inside himself.</p>
<p> After the prisoner has developed the above psychological and emotional
<p> After the prisoner has developed the above psychological and emotional
reactions to a sufficient degree, the brainwashing begins in earnest.
First, the prisoner's remaining critical faculties must be destroyed.
He undergoes long, fatiguing interrogations while looking at a bright
@ -327,8 +328,8 @@ little things like the names of the people he knows very well or the date
of his birth. The interrogator patiently sharpens this feeling of doubt
by more questioning. This tends to create a serious state of uncertainty
when the individual has lost most of his critical faculties.</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> The prisoner must undergo additional internal conflict when strong
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> The prisoner must undergo additional internal conflict when strong
feelings of guilt are aroused within him. As any clinical psychologist
is aware, it is not at all difficult to create such feelings. Military
servicemen are particularly vulnerable. No one can morally justify killing
@ -341,7 +342,7 @@ and longer periods of time. He can not think constructively. If he is
to maintain any semblance of psychological integrity, he must bring to
an end this state of interminable internal conflict. He signifies a
willingness to write a confession.</p>
<p> If this were truly the end, no brainwashing would have occurred.
<p> If this were truly the end, no brainwashing would have occurred.
The individual would simply have given in to intolerable pressure. Actually, the final stage of the brainwashing process has just begun. No
matter what the prisoner writes in his confession the interrogator is
not satisfied. The interrogator questions every sentence of the confession. He begins to edit it with the prisoner. The prisoner is forced
@ -359,13 +360,13 @@ value-system; rather the change occurs despite his efforts. He is no
more responsible for this change than is an individual who "snaps" and
becomes psychotic. And like the psychotic, the prisoner is not even
aware of the transition.</p>
<p>DEFENSIVE MEASURES OTHER THAN ON THE POLICY AND PLANNING LEVEL</p>
<p> 1. Training of Individuals potentially subject to communist control.</p>
<p> Training should provide for the trainee a realistic appraisal
<p>DEFENSIVE MEASURES OTHER THAN ON THE POLICY AND PLANNING LEVEL</p>
<p> 1. Training of Individuals potentially subject to communist control.</p>
<p> Training should provide for the trainee a realistic appraisal
of what control pressures the communists are likely to exert and what
the usual human reactions are to such pressures. The trainee must learn</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>the most effective ways of combatting his own reactions to such pressures
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p>the most effective ways of combatting his own reactions to such pressures
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
and he must learn reasonable expectations as to what his behaviour should
be. Training has two decidedly positive effects; first, it provides the
@ -373,19 +374,19 @@ trainee with ways of combatting control; second, it provides the basis
for developing an immeasurable boost in morale. Any positive action that
the individual can take, even if it is only slightly effective, gives him
a sense of control over a situation that is otherwise controlling him.</p>
<p> 2. Training must provide the individual with the means of
<p> 2. Training must provide the individual with the means of
recognizing realistic goals for himself.</p>
<p> a. Delay in yielding may be the only achievement that can be
<p> a. Delay in yielding may be the only achievement that can be
hoped for. In any particular operation, the agent needs the support of
knowing specifically how long he must hold out to save an operation, protect his cohorts, or gain some other goal.</p>
<p> b. The individual should be taught how to achieve the most favorable treatment and how to behave and make necessary concessions to
<p> b. The individual should be taught how to achieve the most favorable treatment and how to behave and make necessary concessions to
obtain minimum penalties.</p>
<p> c. Individual behavioural responses to the various communist
<p> c. Individual behavioural responses to the various communist
control pressures differ markedly. Therefore, each trainee should know
his own particular assets and limitations in resisting specific pressures.
He can learn these only under laboratory conditions simulating the actual
pressures he may have to face.</p>
<p> d. Training must provide knowledge of the goals and the restrictions placed upon his communist interrogator. The trainee should know
<p> d. Training must provide knowledge of the goals and the restrictions placed upon his communist interrogator. The trainee should know
what controls are on his interrogator and to what extent he can manipulate
the interrogator. For example, the interrogator is not permitted to fail
to gain "something" from the controlled individual. The knowledge that,
@ -394,37 +395,37 @@ interrogator in return for more favorable treatment, may be useful indeed. Above
great deal of psychological support from the knowledge that the communist
interrogator is not a completely free agent who can do whatever he wills
with his victim.</p>
<p> e. The trainee must learn what practical cues might aid him in
<p> e. The trainee must learn what practical cues might aid him in
recognizing the specific goals of his interrogator. The strategy of defense
against elicitation may differ markedly from the strategy to prevent
brainwashing. To prevent elicitation, the individual may hasten his own
state of mental confusion; whereas, to prevent brainwashing, maintaining
clarity of thought processes is imperative.</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> f. The trainee should obtain knowledge about communist "carrots"
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> f. The trainee should obtain knowledge about communist "carrots"
as well as "sticks." The communists keep certain of their promises and always renege on others. For example, the demonstrable fact that "informers"
receive no better treatment than other prisoners should do much to prevent
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
this particular evil. On the other hand, certain meaningless concessions
will often get a prisoner a good meal.</p>
<p> g. In particular, it should be emphasized to the trainee that,
<p> g. In particular, it should be emphasized to the trainee that,
although little can be done to control the pressures exerted upon him, he
can learn something about controlling his personal reactions to specific
pressures. The trainee can gain much from learning something about internal conflict and conflict-producing mechanisms. He should learn to
recognize when someone is trying to arouse guilt feelings and what behavioural reactions can occur as a response to guilt.</p>
<p> h. Finally, the training must teach some methods that can be utilized
<p> h. Finally, the training must teach some methods that can be utilized
in thwarting particular communist control techniques:</p>
<p> Elicitation. In general, individuals who are the hardest to interrogate for information are those who have experienced previous interrogations. Practice in being the victim of interrogation is a sound training device.</p>
<p> Torture. The trainee should learn something about the principles of
<p> Elicitation. In general, individuals who are the hardest to interrogate for information are those who have experienced previous interrogations. Practice in being the victim of interrogation is a sound training device.</p>
<p> Torture. The trainee should learn something about the principles of
pain and shock. There is a maximum to the amount of pain that can actually
be felt. Any amount of pain can be tolerated for a limited period of
time. In addition, the trainee can be fortified by the knowledge that there
are legal limitations upon the amount of torture that can be inflicted
by communist jailors.</p>
<p> Isolation. The psychological effects of isolation can probably be
<p> Isolation. The psychological effects of isolation can probably be
thwarted best by mental gymnastics and systematic efforts on the part of
the isolate to obtain stimulation for his neural end organs.</p>
<p> Controls on Food and Tobacco. Foods given by the communists will
<p> Controls on Food and Tobacco. Foods given by the communists will
always be enough to maintain survival. Sometimes the victim gets unexpected opportunities to supplement his diet with special minerals,vitamins
and other nutrients (e.g.,"iron" from the rust of prison bars). In some
instances, experience has shown that individuals could exploit refusal to
@ -433,16 +434,16 @@ a hospital where he received vitamin injections and nutritious food. Evidently a
in communist officials. If deprivation of tobacco is the control being
exerted. the victim can gain moral satisfaction from "giving up" tobacco.
He can't lose since he is not likely to get any anyway.</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> Fatigue. The trainee should learn reactions to fatigue and how to
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> Fatigue. The trainee should learn reactions to fatigue and how to
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
overcome them insofar as possible. For example, mild physical exercise
"clears the head" in a fatigue state.</p>
<p> Writing Personal Accounts and Self-Criticism. Experience has indicated that one of the most effective ways of combatting these pressures
<p> Writing Personal Accounts and Self-Criticism. Experience has indicated that one of the most effective ways of combatting these pressures
is to enter into the spirit with an overabundance of enthusiasm. Endless
written accounts of inconsequential material have virtually "smothered"
some eager interrogators. In the same spirit, sober, detailed self-criticisms of the most minute "sins" has sometimes brought good results.</p>
<p> Guidance as to the priority of positions he should defend. Perfectly
<p> Guidance as to the priority of positions he should defend. Perfectly
compatible responsibilities in the normal execution of an individual's
duties may become mutually incompatible in this situation. Take the example of a senior grade military officer. He has the knowledge of sensitive
strategic intelligence which it is his duty to protect. He has the responsibility of maintaining the physical fitness of his men and serving as
@ -458,61 +459,61 @@ tried to evaluate the priority of their responsibilities on their own,
but were in conflict over whether others would subsequently accept their
evaluations. More than one individual was probably brainwashed while he
was trying to protect himself against elicitation.</p>
<p>CONCLUSIONS</p>
<p> The application of known psychological principles can lead to an
<p>CONCLUSIONS</p>
<p> The application of known psychological principles can lead to an
understanding of brainwashing.</p>
<p> 1. There is nothing mysterious about personality changes resulting
<p> 1. There is nothing mysterious about personality changes resulting
from the brainwashing process.</p>
<p> 2. Brainwashing is a complex process. Principles of motivation,
<p> 2. Brainwashing is a complex process. Principles of motivation,
perception, learning, and physiological deprivation are needed to account
for the results achieved in brainwashing.</p>
<p> 3. Brainwashing is an involuntary re-education of the fundamental
<p> 3. Brainwashing is an involuntary re-education of the fundamental
beliefs of the individual. To attack the problem successfully, the brain-washing process must be differentiated clearly from general education
methods for thought-control or mass indoctrination, and elicitation.</p>
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> 4. It appears possible for the individual,through training,to
<p> OA 53-37</p>
<p> 4. It appears possible for the individual,through training,to
develop limited defensive techniques against brainwashing. Such defensive
measures are likely to be most effective if directed toward thwarting individual emotional reactions to brainwashing techniques rather than toward
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
thwarting the techniques themselves.</p>
<p> 15 August 1955</p>
<p> =====================================================================
<p> 15 August 1955</p>
<p> =====================================================================
(note Declassified)</p>
<p> SECRET</p>
<p> CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
<p> SECRET</p>
<p> CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.</p>
<p> 19 JUN 1964</p>
<p> (Commission No. 1131)</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM FOR: Mr. J. Lee Rankin
<p> 19 JUN 1964</p>
<p> (Commission No. 1131)</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM FOR: Mr. J. Lee Rankin
General Counsel
President's Commission on the
Assassination of President Kennedy</p>
<p> SUBJECT : Soviet Brainwashing Techniques</p>
<p> 1. Reference is made to your memorandum of 19 May 1964,
<p> SUBJECT : Soviet Brainwashing Techniques</p>
<p> 1. Reference is made to your memorandum of 19 May 1964,
requesting that materials relative to Soviet techniques in mind
conditioning and brainwashing be made available to the Commission.</p>
<p> 2. At my request, experts on these subjects within the CIA
<p> 2. At my request, experts on these subjects within the CIA
have prepared a brief survey of Soviet research in the direction
and control of human behavior, a copy of which is attached. The
Commission may retain this document. Please note that the use
of certain sensitive materials requires that a sensitivity indicator
be affixed.</p>
<p> 3. In the immediate future, this Agency will make available
<p> 3. In the immediate future, this Agency will make available
to you a collection of overt and classified materials on these subjects,
which the Commission may retain.</p>
<p> 4. I hope that these documents will be responsive to the
<p> 4. I hope that these documents will be responsive to the
Commission's needs.</p>
<p> (SIGNED)</p>
<p> (DECLASSIFIED) Richard Helms
<p> (SIGNED)</p>
<p> (DECLASSIFIED) Richard Helms
(By C.I.A.) Deputy Director for Plans
(letter of ___________)
(---------------------)</p>
<p> Attachment</p>
<p> CD 1131 SECRET</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM</p>
<p> SUBJECT: Soviet Research and Development in the Field of
<p> Attachment</p>
<p> CD 1131 SECRET</p>
<p> MEMORANDUM</p>
<p> SUBJECT: Soviet Research and Development in the Field of
Direction and Control of Human Behavior.</p>
<p> 1. There are two major methods of altering or controlling
<p> 1. There are two major methods of altering or controlling
human behavior, and the Soviets are interested in both. The first
is psychological; the second, pharmacological. The two may be
used as individual methods or for mutual reinforcement. For
@ -522,7 +523,7 @@ the U.S. experience suggests the pharmacological approach (assisted
by psychological techniques) would be the only effective method.
Neither method would be very effective for single individuals on
a long term basis.</p>
<p> 2. Soviet research on the pharmacological agents producing
<p> 2. Soviet research on the pharmacological agents producing
behavioral effects has consistently lagged about five years behind
Western research. They have been interested in such research,
however, and are now pursuing research on such chemicals as
@ -532,18 +533,18 @@ any singular, new, potent drugs to force a course of action on
an individual. They are aware, however, of the tremendous drive
produced by drug addiction, and PERHAPS could couple this with
psychological direction to achieve control of an individual.</p>
<p> 3. The psychological aspects of behavior control would include
<p> 3. The psychological aspects of behavior control would include
not only conditioning by repetition and training, but such things as
hypnosis, deprivation, isolation, manipulation of guilt feelings,
subtle or overt threats, social pressure, and so on. Some of the
newer trends in the USSR are as follows:</p>
<p> SECRET CD 1131
<p> SECRET CD 1131
PAGE 1</p>
<p> a. The adoption of a multidisciplinary approach integrating
<p> a. The adoption of a multidisciplinary approach integrating
biological,social and physical-mathematical research in attempts
better to understand, and eventually, to control human behavior in a
manner consonant with national plans.</p>
<p> b. The outstanding feature, in addition to the interdisciplinary approach, is a new concern for mathematical approaches to
<p> b. The outstanding feature, in addition to the interdisciplinary approach, is a new concern for mathematical approaches to
an understanding of behavior. Particularly notable are attempts to use
modern information theory, automata theory, and feedback concepts in
interpreting the mechanisms by which the "second signal system," i.e.,
@ -551,7 +552,7 @@ speech and associated phenomena, affect human behavior. Implied by this
"second signal system," using INFORMATION inputs as causative agents
rather than chemical agents, electrodes or other more exotic techniques
applicable, perhaps, to individuals rather than groups.</p>
<p> c. This new trend, observed in the early Post-Stalin Period,
<p> c. This new trend, observed in the early Post-Stalin Period,
continues. By 1960 the word "cybernetics" was used by the Soviets to
designate this new trend. This new science is considered by some as
the key to understanding the human brain and the product of its
@ -564,7 +565,7 @@ behavior patterns...all functions which can be summarized as 'control'
of the growth process of the individual." 1/Students of particular
disciplines in the USSR, such as psychologist and social scientists,
also support the general cybernetic trend. 2/ (Blanked by CIA)</p>
<p> 4. In summary, therefore, there is no evidence that the Soviets
<p> 4. In summary, therefore, there is no evidence that the Soviets
have any techniques or agents capable of producing particular behavioral
patterns which are not available in the West. Current research indicates that the Soviets are attempting to develop a technology for
controlling the development of behavioral patterns among the citizenry
@ -574,26 +575,26 @@ sophisticated approaches to the "coding" of information for transmittal
to population targets in the "battle for the minds of men." Some of the
more esoteric techniques such as ESP or, as the Soviets call it,
"biological radio-communication", and psychogenic agents such as LSD,</p>
<p> SECRET CD 1131
<p> SECRET CD 1131
PAGE 2</p>
<p> are receiving some overt attention with, possibly, applications in mind
<p> are receiving some overt attention with, possibly, applications in mind
for individual behavior control under clandestine conditions. However,
we require more information than is currently available in order to
establish or disprove planned or actual applications of various
methodologies by Soviet scientists to the control of actions of
articular individuals.</p>
<p> References</p>
<p> 1. Itelson, Lev, "Pedagogy: An Exact Science?" USSR October 1963,
<p> References</p>
<p> 1. Itelson, Lev, "Pedagogy: An Exact Science?" USSR October 1963,
p. 10.
2. Borzek, Joseph, "Recent Developments in Soviet Psychology,"
Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 15, 1964, p. 493-594.</p>
<p> SECRET CD 1131</p>
<p> PAGE 3</p>
<p> The first letter and attachment are from DECLASSIFIED
<p> SECRET CD 1131</p>
<p> PAGE 3</p>
<p> The first letter and attachment are from DECLASSIFIED
DOCUMENTS 1984 microfilms under MKULTRA (84) 002258, published
by Research Publication Woodbridge, CT 06525. Some original
markings were not retyped, but the content is the same. </p>
<p> The second letter and attachment are from the Warren
<p> The second letter and attachment are from the Warren
Commission documents. Notice should be paid to the different
tone Helms gives to his letter, keeping in mind he was found
guilty of lying to Congress. He places greater emphasis on
@ -607,25 +608,26 @@ been in charge of Project AMLASH, a program to assassinate
Castro (Cuba),Trujillo (Dominican Republic), Diem (RVN),
Schneider (Chile) using MAFIA figures John Roselli and Santos
Trafficante to do the job. </p>
<p> Care was used to insure lines appear in same length and order.
<p> Care was used to insure lines appear in same length and order.
Page length will have to be adjusted if you desire to print
this. Look for other specials soon. David John Moses.</p>
<p>X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
<p>X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
Salted Slug Systems Strange 408-454-9368
Burn This Flag Zardoz 408-363-9766
realitycheck Poindexter Fortran 415-567-7043
Lies Unlimited Mick Freen 415-583-4102
Tomorrow's 0rder of Magnitude Finger_Man 408-961-9315
My Dog Bit Jesus Suzanne D'Fault 510-658-8078</p>
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
arcane knowledge, political extremism, diversive sexuality,
insane speculation, and wild rumours. ALL-TEXT BBS SYSTEMS.</p>
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
where you live, or what your phone number is. We are not Big Brother.</p>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X
</p>
</div>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
Article: 571 of sgi.talk.ratical
From: dave@ratmandu.esd.sgi.com (dave "who can do? ratmandu!" ratcliffe)
Subject: How the CIA turned 'being directed by the NSC' into 'getting approval'
@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ Keywords: the compartmentalized "need to know" security lid locks up the govn't
Organization: Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Date: Fri, 10 Apr 1992 18:01:36 GMT
Lines: 573</p>
<p> . . . Control of a good share of what the Pentagon is doing is
<p> . . . Control of a good share of what the Pentagon is doing is
more important to the CIA than control over the government of
Jordan or Syria. . . .
When the CIA wants to do something for which it does not have
@ -26,12 +27,12 @@ approval from a lesser echelon of the NSC intrastructure, and then,
by clamping on a security id, it makes others believe that the CIA
had orders from the NSC or perhaps even from the President, when in
fact it did not.</p>
<p> the following appeared in the 7/75 issue of "Genesis:"
<p> the following appeared in the 7/75 issue of "Genesis:"
_____________________________________________________________________
How the CIA Controls President Ford
by L. Fletcher Prouty
reprinted here with permission of the author</p>
<p> In this monstrous U.S. government today, it's not so much what
<p> In this monstrous U.S. government today, it's not so much what
comes down from the top that matters as what you can get away with
from the bottom or from the middle--the least scrutinized level.
(Contrary to the current CIA propaganda as preached by William
@ -83,11 +84,11 @@ mentioned that the most important agent in the CIA was an almost
unknown individual who spent most of his time in the Pentagon. At
that time I did not reveal his name; but a small item in a recent
obituary column stated that:</p>
<p> "Frank Hand, 61, a former senior official of the CIA, died in
<p> "Frank Hand, 61, a former senior official of the CIA, died in
Marshall, Minn. . . . (he was) a graduate of Harvard Law
School. He had served with the CIA from 1950 until
retirement in 1971."</p>
<p> After a life devoted to quiet, effective, skillful performance
<p> After a life devoted to quiet, effective, skillful performance
of one of the most important jobs in the worldwide structure of
that unparalleled agency, all that the CIA would publicly say of
Frank Hand was that he was a "senior official."
@ -396,7 +397,7 @@ In the story of Frank Hand we come much closer to seeing exactly
how the CIA operates to control this government and other foreign
governments. It is still operating that way. Today it is
President Ford who is the unwitting accessory.</p>
<p> the following is taken from an article Fletcher Prouty wrote
<p> the following is taken from an article Fletcher Prouty wrote
for the February 1986 issue of "Freedom" magazine, entitled,
"Why Vietnam? The Selection and Preparation of the
Battlefield For America's Entry into the Indochina War," Part
@ -404,7 +405,7 @@ Battlefield For America's Entry into the Indochina War," Part
it to amplify on the curious visit Colonel Prouty received in
1959 from the vice president of the First National Bank of
Boston and how it demonstrates that</p>
<p> There was only one way that vice president of the First
<p> There was only one way that vice president of the First
National Bank of Boston could have come directly to my
office in the Pentagon. The CIA had sent him there.
This is one of the most important "truly confidential"
@ -416,8 +417,8 @@ Translated into everyday terms, Casey's CIA, as was Allen
Dulles' CIA, is one of the true bastions of power as a
servant of the American and transnational business and
financial community.</p>
<p> --ratitor</p>
<p> ______________________________________________________________________
<p> --ratitor</p>
<p> ______________________________________________________________________
| Helicopters in Vietnam
| Toward the end of World War II, a small number of
helicopters made their appearance in military operations.
@ -531,11 +532,12 @@ Dulles' CIA, is one of the true bastions of power as a
servant of the American and transnational business and
financial community.
|____________________________________________________________________|</p>
<p>--
<p>--
daveus rattus </p>
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating. 5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.
</p>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
SUBJECT: FEMA GULAG</p>
<p>
<p>
SECRET CONCENTRATION CAMPS
@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ imposition of "Emergency" to suppress unrest. =Henry Kissinger=
and his clients hardly missed a day's profits in their deals with
the butchers of Tiananmen Sqaure. Are you next?
*************************************************************************</p>
<p>SUBJECT: Executive Orders
<p>SUBJECT: Executive Orders
APPLICABLE EXECUTIVE ORDERS
@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ to put Executive Orders into effect in "times of increased
international tension or financial crisis". He is also to
perform such additional functions as the President
may direct.</p>
<p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------
<p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Dangerous Fact Not Generally Known
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ AGAINST INVASION; AND ON APPLICATION OF THE LEGISLATURE, OR OF THE
EXECUTIVE (WHEN THE LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE CONVENED) AGAINST
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE." "REGIONAL GOVERNMENT IS NOT A REPRESENTATIVE
REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT!"</p>
<p> When Government gets out of hand and can no longer be controlled
<p> When Government gets out of hand and can no longer be controlled
by the people, short of violent overthrow as in 1776, there are
two sources of power which are used by the dictatorial government
to keep the people in line: the Police Power and the Power of the
@ -88,12 +89,12 @@ local Governments. These powers have been taken over, with the
permission of the Federal Legislature and the State Governments,
by the Executive Branch of the Federal Government and all attempts
to reclaim that lost power have been defeated.</p>
<p> Stated simply: the dictatorial power of the Executive rests primarily
<p> Stated simply: the dictatorial power of the Executive rests primarily
on three basis: Executive Order 11490, Executive Order 11647, and
the Planning, Programming, Budgeting System which is operated
through the new and all-powerful Office of Management and
Budget.</p>
<p> E. O. 11490 is a compilation of some 23 previous Executive Orders,
<p> E. O. 11490 is a compilation of some 23 previous Executive Orders,
signed by Nixon on Oct. 28, 1969, and outlining emergency functions
which are to be performed by some 28 Executive Departments and
Agencies whenever the President of the United States declares
@ -112,10 +113,10 @@ Branch can:
* Take over farms, ranches, timberized properties
* Regulate the amount of your own money you may withdraw from
your bank, or savings and loan institution</p>
<p> All of these and many more items are listed in 32 pages incorporating
<p> All of these and many more items are listed in 32 pages incorporating
nearly 200000 words, providing and absolute bureaucratic
dictatorship whenever the President gives the word.</p>
<p>--&gt; Executive Order 11647 provides the regional and local mechanisms
<p>--&gt; Executive Order 11647 provides the regional and local mechanisms
--&gt; and manpower for carrying out the provisions of E. O. 11490.
--&gt; Signed by Richard Nixon on Feb. 10, 1972, this Order sets up Ten
--&gt; Federal Regional Councils to govern Ten Federal Regions made up
@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ dictatorship whenever the President gives the word.</p>
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Don sez: </p>
<p>*Check out this book for the inside scoop on the "secret" Constitution.*
<p>*Check out this book for the inside scoop on the "secret" Constitution.*
SUBJECT: - "The Proposed Constitutional Model" Pages 595-621
Book Title - The Emerging Constitution
@ -133,9 +134,9 @@ Dewey Decimal - 342.73 T915E
ISBN - 0-06-128225-10
Note Chapter 14
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</p>
<p> The 10 Federal Regions
<p> The 10 Federal Regions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
<p> REGION I: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode
<p> REGION I: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, Vermont.
Regional Capitol: Boston
REGION II: New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, Virgin Island.
@ -159,53 +160,53 @@ REGION IX: Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada.
Regional Capitol: San Fransisco
REGION X: Alaska, Oregon, Washington, Idaho.
Regional Capitol: Seattle</p>
<p> Supplementing these Then Regions, each of the States is, or is to
<p> Supplementing these Then Regions, each of the States is, or is to
be, divided into subregions, so that Federal Executive control
is provided over every community.</p>
<p> Then, controlling the bedgeting and the programming at every
<p> Then, controlling the bedgeting and the programming at every
level is that politico-economic system known as PPBS.</p>
<p> The President need not wait for some emergency such as an impeachment
<p> The President need not wait for some emergency such as an impeachment
ouster. He can declare a National Emergency at any time, and freeze
everything, just as he has already frozen wages and prices. And
the Congress, and the States, are powerless to prevent such an
Executive Dictatorship, unless Congress moves to revoke these
extraordinary powers before the Chief Executive moves to invoke
them.</p>
<p> THESE EXECUTIVE ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE THE INTENT AND
<p> THESE EXECUTIVE ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE THE INTENT AND
PURPOSE OF ARTICLE 4 SECTION 3. THERE IS NO PROVISION IN THIS
SECTION OR THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES FOR FORMING A
REGIONAL STATE OUT OF A GROUP OF STATES! FURTHER, THESE EXECUTIVE
ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE THE 9TH AND 10TH
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION!</p>
<p> By Proclaiming and Putting Into Effect Executive Order No. 11490,
<p> By Proclaiming and Putting Into Effect Executive Order No. 11490,
the President would put the United States under TOTAL MARTIAL LAW
AND MILITARY DICTATORSHIP! The Guns Of The American People Would
Be Forcibly Taken!</p>
<p>--------------------------------END:REF1------------------------------------------MORE--(40%)</p>
<p>################################################################################
<p>--------------------------------END:REF1------------------------------------------MORE--(40%)</p>
<p>################################################################################
--------------------------------REF2:FEMA---------------------------------------</p>
<p> Bushie-Tail used the Gulf War Show to greatly expand the powers of the
<p> Bushie-Tail used the Gulf War Show to greatly expand the powers of the
presidency. During this shell game event, the Executive Orders signed
into "law" continued Bushie's methodical and detailed program to bury
any residual traces of the constitutional rights and protections of U.S.
citizens. The Bill of Rights--[almost too late to] use 'em or lose 'em:</p>
<p> || The record of Bush's fast and loose approach to ||
<p> || The record of Bush's fast and loose approach to ||
|| constitutionally guaranteed civil rights is a history of ||
|| the erosion of liberty and the consolidation of an imperial ||
|| executive. ||</p>
<p> -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<p> -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From "Covert Action Information Bulletin," Number 37, Summer, 1991 (see
bottom 2 pages for subscription &amp; back issues info on this quarterly):</p>
<p> Domestic Consequences of the Gulf War
<p> Domestic Consequences of the Gulf War
Diana Reynolds
Reprinted with permission of CAIB. Copyright 1991</p>
<p> Diana Reynolds is a Research Associate at the Edward R. Murrow Center,
<p> Diana Reynolds is a Research Associate at the Edward R. Murrow Center,
Fletcher School for Public Policy, Tufts University. She is also an
Assistant Professor of Politics at Broadford College and a Lecturer at
Merrimack College.</p>
<p> A war, even the most victorious, is a national misfortune.
<p> A war, even the most victorious, is a national misfortune.
--Helmuth Von Moltke, Prussian field marshall</p>
<p> George Bush put the United States on the road to its second war in
<p> George Bush put the United States on the road to its second war in
two years by declaring a national emergency on August 21990. In
response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, Bush issued two Executive
Orders (12722 and 12723) which restricted trade and travel with Iraq
@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ budget agreement with Congress which had frozen defense spending, to
entrench further the U.S. economy in the mire of the military-industrial complex, to override environmental protection regulations,
and to make free enterprise and civil liberties conditional upon an
executive determination of national security interests.</p>
<p> The State of Emergency
<p> The State of Emergency
In time of war a president's power derives from both constitutional
and statutory sources. Under Article II, Section 2 of the
Constitution, he is Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. Although
@ -247,7 +248,7 @@ presidential emergency powers were apprehensive about the domestic
ramifications of any national emergency declared by George Bush. In
light of Bush's record (see "Bush Chips Away at Constitution" Box
below) and present performance, their fears appear well-founded.</p>
<p> The War at Home
<p> The War at Home
It is too early to know all of the emergency powers, executive
orders and findings issued under classified National Security
Directives[2] implemented by Bush in the name of the Gulf War. In
@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ in this six month period suggests an unusual amount of government
resources utilized to direct the national emergency state. In
contrast, government salaries for one year of the state of emergency
with Iran[4] cost only $430000.</p>
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
|
Bush Chips Away at Constitution |
|
@ -383,7 +384,7 @@ Calling Guard To Fight Drug Violence in Capital," "New |
York Times," March 21, 1989. |
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Even those Executive Orders which have been made public tend to
<p> Even those Executive Orders which have been made public tend to
raise as many questions as they answer about what actions were
considered and actually implemented. On January 8, 1991, Bush signed
Executive Order 12742, National Security Industrial Responsiveness,
@ -402,7 +403,7 @@ flow of energy in case of a prolonged engagement or disruption of
supply. Antitrust waivers were also being pursued and oil companies
were engaged in emergency preparedness exercises with the Department
of Energy.[5]</p>
<p> Wasting the Environment
<p> Wasting the Environment
In one case the use of secret powers was discovered by a watchdog
group and revealed in the press. In August 1990, correspondence
passed between Colin McMillan, Assistant Secretary of Defense for
@ -454,7 +455,7 @@ weapons. Bush signed the law, although he had rejected the identical
measure the year before because it did not give him the executive
power to waive all sanctions if he thought the national interest
required it.[11] The new bill, however, met Bush's requirements.</p>
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
|
BUSH'S EXECUTIVE ORDERS |
|
@ -508,7 +509,7 @@ Area," Feb. 14, 1991. |
Storm," Feb. 14, 1991. |
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Going Off Budget
<p> Going Off Budget
Although some of the powers which Bush assumed in order to conduct
the Gulf War were taken openly, they received little public discussion
or reporting by the media.
@ -519,15 +520,15 @@ Congress and the President one of the first U.S. casualties of the
war. While on one hand the deal froze arms spending through 1996, it
also allowed Bush to put the cost of the Gulf War "off budget." Thus,
using its emergency powers, the Bush administration could:</p>
<p> * incur a deficit which exceeds congressional budget authority;</p>
<p> * prevent Congress from raising a point of order over the
<p> * incur a deficit which exceeds congressional budget authority;</p>
<p> * prevent Congress from raising a point of order over the
excessive spending;[12]</p>
<p> * waive the requirement that the Secretary of Defense submit
<p> * waive the requirement that the Secretary of Defense submit
estimates to Congress prior to deployment of a major defense
acquisition system;</p>
<p> * and exempt the Pentagon from congressional restrictions on
<p> * and exempt the Pentagon from congressional restrictions on
hiring private contractors.[13]</p>
<p> While there is no published evidence on which powers Bush actually
<p> While there is no published evidence on which powers Bush actually
invoked, the administration was able to push through the 1990 Omnibus
Reconciliation Act. This legislation put a cap on domestic spending,
created a record $300 billion deficit, and undermined the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act intended to reduce the federal deficit. Although
@ -543,7 +544,7 @@ Tomahawk, Hellfire and HARM missiles from its regular budget to the
supplemental budget; added normal wear and tear of equipment to
supplemental appropriations; and made supplemental requests which
ignore a planned 25% reduction in the armed forces by 1995.[16]</p>
<p> The Cost In Liberty Lost
<p> The Cost In Liberty Lost
Under emergency circumstances, using 50 USC sec. 1811, the
President could direct the Attorney General to authorize electronic
surveillance of aliens and American citizens in order to obtain
@ -564,7 +565,7 @@ East and explained that the Agency intended to open a file on each of
the students. Anti-war groups have also reported several break-ins of
their offices and many suspected electronic surveillance of their
telephones.[19]</p>
<p> Pool of Disinformation
<p> Pool of Disinformation
Emergency powers to control the means of communications in the U.S.
in the name of national security were never formally declared. There
was no need for Bush to do so since most of the media voluntarily and
@ -592,7 +593,7 @@ until after the war ended. It was then dismissed when the judge ruled
that since the war had ended, the issues raised had become moot. The
legal status of the restrictions--initially tested during the U.S.
invasions of Grenada and Panama--remains unsettled.</p>
<p> A National Misfortune
<p> A National Misfortune
It will be years before researchers and journalists are able to
ferret through the maze of government documents and give a full
appraisal of the impact of the President's emergency powers on
@ -611,10 +612,10 @@ U.S. assists Kuwait in cleaning up its environmental disaster, it will
increase pollution at home. Indeed, as the long-dead Prussian field
marshal prophesied, "a war, even the most victorious, is a national
misfortune."</p>
<p> FOOTNOTES:</p>
<p> 1. The administrative guideline was established under Reagan in Executive
<p> FOOTNOTES:</p>
<p> 1. The administrative guideline was established under Reagan in Executive
Order 12656, November 181988, "Federal Register," vol. 23, no. 266.</p>
<p> 2. For instance, National Security Council policy papers or National
<p> 2. For instance, National Security Council policy papers or National
Security Directives (NSD) or National Security Decision Directives
(NSDD) have today evolved into a network of shadowy, wide-ranging and
potent executive powers. These are secret instruments, maintained in
@ -623,29 +624,29 @@ an excellent discussion see: Harold C. Relyea, The Coming of Secret
Law, "Government Information Quarterly," Vol. 5, November 1988; see
also: Eve Pell, "The Backbone of Hidden Government," "The Nation,"
June 191990.</p>
<p> 3. "Letter to Congressional Leaders Reporting on the National Emergency
<p> 3. "Letter to Congressional Leaders Reporting on the National Emergency
With Respect to Iraq," February, 11, 1991, "Weekly Compilation of
Presidential Documents: Administration of George Bush," (Washington,
DC: U.S. Government Printing Office), pp. 158-61.</p>
<p> 4. The U.S. now has states of emergency with Iran, Iraq and Syria.</p>
<p> 5. Allanna Sullivan, "U.S. Oil Concerns Confident Of Riding Out Short Gulf
<p> 4. The U.S. now has states of emergency with Iran, Iraq and Syria.</p>
<p> 5. Allanna Sullivan, "U.S. Oil Concerns Confident Of Riding Out Short Gulf
War," "Wall Street Journal Europe," January 7, 1991.</p>
<p> 6. Colin McMillan, Letter to Michael Deland, Chairman, Council on
<p> 6. Colin McMillan, Letter to Michael Deland, Chairman, Council on
Environmental Quality (Washington, DC: Executive Office of the
President), August 24, 1990; Michael R. Deland, Letter to Colin
McMillan, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Production and Logistics
(Washington, DC: Department of Defense), August 291990.</p>
<p> 7. Keith Schneider, "Pentagon Wins Waiver Of Environmental Rule," "New York
<p> 7. Keith Schneider, "Pentagon Wins Waiver Of Environmental Rule," "New York
Times," January 30, 1991.</p>
<p> 8. 33 U.S. Code (USC) sec. 1902 9(b).</p>
<p> 9. 33 USC sec. 2503 l(b).</p>
<p> 10. 50 USC sec. 1521(b) (3)(A).</p>
<p> ll. Adam Clymer, "New Bill Mandates Sanctions On Makers of Chemical Arms,"
<p> 8. 33 U.S. Code (USC) sec. 1902 9(b).</p>
<p> 9. 33 USC sec. 2503 l(b).</p>
<p> 10. 50 USC sec. 1521(b) (3)(A).</p>
<p> ll. Adam Clymer, "New Bill Mandates Sanctions On Makers of Chemical Arms,"
"New York Times," February 22, 1991.</p>
<p> 12. 31 USC O10005 (f); 2 USC O632 (i), 6419 (d), 907a (b); and Public
<p> 12. 31 USC O10005 (f); 2 USC O632 (i), 6419 (d), 907a (b); and Public
Law 101-508, Title X999, sec. 13101.</p>
<p> 13. 10 USC sec. 2434/2461 9F.</p>
<p> 14. When the Pentagon expected the war to last months and oil prices to
<p> 13. 10 USC sec. 2434/2461 9F.</p>
<p> 14. When the Pentagon expected the war to last months and oil prices to
skyrocket, it projected the incremental cost of deploying and
redeploying the forces and waging war at about $70 billion. The
administration sought and received $56 billion in pledges from allies
@ -654,13 +655,13 @@ estimates of casualties and the war's duration were highly inflated,
today their budget estimates remain at around $70 billion even though
the Congressional Budget office estimates that cost at only $40
billion, $16 billion less than allied pledges.</p>
<p> 15. Michael Kamish, "After The War: At Home, An Unconquered Recession,"
<p> 15. Michael Kamish, "After The War: At Home, An Unconquered Recession,"
"Boston Globe," March 6, 1991; Peter Passell, "The Big Spoils From a
Bargain War," "New York Times," March 3, 1991; and Alan Abelson, "A
War Dividend For The Defense Industry?" "Barron's," March 18, 1991.</p>
<p> 16. Lawrence Korb, "The Pentagon's Creative Budgetry Is Out of Line,"
<p> 16. Lawrence Korb, "The Pentagon's Creative Budgetry Is Out of Line,"
"International Herald Tribune," April 5, 199l.</p>
<p> 17. Many of the powers against aliens are automatically invoked during a
<p> 17. Many of the powers against aliens are automatically invoked during a
national emergency or state of war. Under the Alien Enemies Act (50
USC sec. 21), the President can issue an order to apprehend, restrain,
secure and remove all subjects of a hostile nation over 13 years old.
@ -671,17 +672,17 @@ classes of aliens from entry into the U.S. when their entry may be
"detrimental to the interests of the United States" (8 USC sec. 1182(f));
imposition of travel restrictions on aliens within the U.S. (8 USC sec.
1185); and requiring aliens to be fingerprinted (8 USC sec. 1302).</p>
<p> 18. Ann Talamas, "FBI Targets Arab-Americans," "CAIB," Spring 1991, p. 4.</p>
<p> 19. "Anti-Repression Project Bulletin" (New York: Center for
<p> 18. Ann Talamas, "FBI Targets Arab-Americans," "CAIB," Spring 1991, p. 4.</p>
<p> 19. "Anti-Repression Project Bulletin" (New York: Center for
Constitutional Rights), January 23, 1991.</p>
<p> 20. James DeParle, "Long Series of Military Decisions Led to Gulf War News
<p> 20. James DeParle, "Long Series of Military Decisions Led to Gulf War News
Censorship," "New York Times," May 5, 1991.</p>
<p> 21. James LeMoyne, "A Correspondent's Tale: Pentagon's Strategy for the
<p> 21. James LeMoyne, "A Correspondent's Tale: Pentagon's Strategy for the
Press: Good News or No News," "New York Times," February 17, 1991.</p>
<p>______________________________________________________________________________
<p>______________________________________________________________________________
Covert Action INFORMATION BULLETIN</p>
<p> Back Issues</p>
<p>No. 1 (July 1978): Agee on CIA; Cuban exile trial; consumer research-Jamaica.*
<p> Back Issues</p>
<p>No. 1 (July 1978): Agee on CIA; Cuban exile trial; consumer research-Jamaica.*
No. 2 (Oct. 1978): How CIA recruits diplomats; researching undercover
officers; double agent in CIA.*
No. 3 (Jan. 1979): CIA attacks CAIB; secret supp. to Army field manual;
@ -761,50 +762,50 @@ Officials; Special: Destabilizing Africa: Chad, Uganda, S. Africa,
Angola, Mozambique, Zaire; Haiti; Panama; Gulf War; COINTELPRO "art."
No. 37 (Summer 1990): Special: Gulf War: Media; U.N.; Libya; Iran;
Domestic costs; North Korea Next? Illegal Arms Deals.</p>
<p> * Available in Photocopy only</p>
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<p> Books, etc.
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<p> BACK ISSUES: Circle above, or list below. $6 per copy in U.S.
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<p> CAIB, P.O. Box 34583, Washington, DC 20043</p>
<p>--
<p> CAIB, P.O. Box 34583, Washington, DC 20043</p>
<p>--
daveus rattus</p>
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.</p>
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<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p>/** mideast.forum: 216.5 **/
<p>/** mideast.forum: 216.5 **/
** Written 8:11 pm Jan 17, 1991 by nlgclc in cdp:mideast.forum **
An excellent book which deals with the REX 84 detention plan is:</p>
<p> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
<p> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"Guts and Glory: The Rise and Fall of Oliver North,'' by Ben
Bradlee Jr. (Donald I. fine, $21.95. 573 pp.)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Reviewed by Dennis M. Culnan Copyright 1990, Gannett News Service All
Rights Reserved Short excerpt posted here under applicable copyright
laws</p>
<p>[Oliver] North managed to network himself into the highest levels of
<p>[Oliver] North managed to network himself into the highest levels of
the CIA and power centers around the world. There he lied and
boastfully ignored the constitutional process, Bradlee writes.</p>
<p>Yet more terrifying is the plan hatched by North and other Reagan
<p>Yet more terrifying is the plan hatched by North and other Reagan
people in the Federal Emergency Manpower Agency (FEMA): A blueprint
for the military takeover of the United States. The plan called for
FEMA to become "emergency czar'' in the event of a national emergency
@ -814,36 +815,36 @@ civilian agencies, and would have broad powers to appoint military
commanders and run state and local governments. Finally, it would
have the authority to order suspect aliens into concentration camps
and seize their property.</p>
<p>When then-Attorney General William French Smith got wind of the plan,
<p>When then-Attorney General William French Smith got wind of the plan,
he killed it. After Smith left the administration, North and his FEMA
cronies came up with the Defense Resource Act, designed to suspendend
the First Amendment by imposing censorship and banning strikes.</p>
<p>Where was it all heading? The book's answer: "REX-84 Bravo, a
<p>Where was it all heading? The book's answer: "REX-84 Bravo, a
National Security Decision Directive 52 that would become operative
with the president's declaration of a state of national emergency
concurrent with a mythical U.S. military invasion of an unspecified
Central American country, presumably Nicaragua.''</p>
<p>Bradlee writes that the Rex exercise was designed to test FEMA's
<p>Bradlee writes that the Rex exercise was designed to test FEMA's
readiness to assume authority over the Department of Defense, the
National Guard in all 50 states, and "a number of state defense
forces to be established by state legislatures.'' The military would
then be "deputized,'' thus making an end run around federal law
forbidding military involvement in domestic law enforcement.</p>
<p>Rex, which ran concurrently with the first annual U.S. show of force
<p>Rex, which ran concurrently with the first annual U.S. show of force
in Honduras in April 1984, was also designed to test FEMA's ability to
round up 400000 undocumented Central American aliens in the United
States and its ability to distribute hundreds of tons of small arms to
"state defense forces.''</p>
<p>Incredibly, REX 84 was similar to a plan secretly adopted by Reagan
<p>Incredibly, REX 84 was similar to a plan secretly adopted by Reagan
while governor of California. His two top henchmen then were Edwin
Meese, who recently resigned as U.S. attorney general, and Louis
Guiffrida, the FEMA director in 1984.</p>
<p>If the review makes you nervous, you should read the book!</p>
<p>--Chip Berlet ** End of text from cdp:mideast.forum **</p>
<p>--------------------------------END:REF3-----------------------------------
<p>If the review makes you nervous, you should read the book!</p>
<p>--Chip Berlet ** End of text from cdp:mideast.forum **</p>
<p>--------------------------------END:REF3-----------------------------------
###########################################################################
--------------------------------REF4:FEMA----------------------------------</p>
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
------------------------------------------------------------------
This is the front-page article of the Jan. 16 issue of "The
Guardian," which describes some of the U.S. government's planning
@ -851,83 +852,83 @@ for martial law in the event of the Gulf war. This is truly a
scary scenario that should concern all civil libertarians and
patriots.
------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> WILL GULF WAR LEAD TO REPRESSION AT HOME?
<p> WILL GULF WAR LEAD TO REPRESSION AT HOME?
by Paul DeRienzo and Bill Weinberg</p>
<p>On August 2, 1990, as Saddam Hussein's army was consolidating control
<p>On August 2, 1990, as Saddam Hussein's army was consolidating control
over Kuwait, President George Bush responded by signing two executive
orders that were the first step toward martial law in the United
States and suspending the Constitution.</p>
<p>On the surface, Executive Orders 12722 and 12723, declaring a
<p>On the surface, Executive Orders 12722 and 12723, declaring a
"national emergency," merely invoked laws that allowed Bush to freeze
Iraqi assets in the United States.</p>
<p>The International Emergency Executive Powers Act permits the president
<p>The International Emergency Executive Powers Act permits the president
to freeze foreign assets after declaring a "national emergency," a
move that has been made three times before -- against Panama in 1987,
Nicaragua in 1985 and Iran in 1979.</p>
<p>According to Professor Diana Reynolds, of the Fletcher School of
<p>According to Professor Diana Reynolds, of the Fletcher School of
Diplomacy at Boston's Tufts University, when Bush declared a national
emergency he "activated one part of a contingency national security
emergency plan." That plan is made up of a series of laws passed since
the presidency of Richard Nixon, which Reynolds says give the
president "boundless" powers.</p>
<p>According to Reynolds, such laws as the Defense Industrial
<p>According to Reynolds, such laws as the Defense Industrial
Revitalization and Disaster Relief Acts of 1983 "would permit the
president to do anything from seizing the means of production, to
conscripting a labor force, to relocating groups of citizens."</p>
<p>Reynolds says the net effect of invoking these laws would be the
<p>Reynolds says the net effect of invoking these laws would be the
suspension of the Constitution.</p>
<p>She adds that national emergency powers "permit the stationing of the
<p>She adds that national emergency powers "permit the stationing of the
military in cities and towns, closing off the U.S. borders, freezing
all imports and exports, allocating all resources on a national
security priority, monitoring and censoring the press, and warrantless
searches and seizures."</p>
<p>The measures would allow military authorities to proclaim martial law
<p>The measures would allow military authorities to proclaim martial law
in the United States, asserts Reynolds. She defines martial law as the
"federal authority taking over for local authority when they are
unable to maintain law and order or to assure a republican form of
government."</p>
<p>A report called "Post Attack Recovery Strategies," about rebuilding
<p>A report called "Post Attack Recovery Strategies," about rebuilding
the country after a nuclear war, prepared by the right-wing Hudson
Institute in 1980, defines martial law as dealing "with the control of
civilians by their own military forces in time of emergency."</p>
<p>The federal agency with the authority to organize and command the
<p>The federal agency with the authority to organize and command the
government's response to a national emergency is the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA). This super-secret and elite agency was
formed in 1979 under congressional measures that merged all federal
powers dealing with civilian and military emergencies under one
agency.</p>
<p>FEMA has its roots in the World War I partnership between government
<p>FEMA has its roots in the World War I partnership between government
and corporate leaders who helped mobilize the nation's industries to
support the war effort. The idea of a central national response to
large-scale emergencies was reintroduced in the early 1970s by Louis
Giuffrida, a close associate of then-California Gov. Ronald Reagan and
his chief aide Edwin Meese.</p>
<p>Reagan appointed Giuffrida head of the California National Guard in
<p>Reagan appointed Giuffrida head of the California National Guard in
1969. With Meese, Giuffrida organized "war-games" to prepare for
"statewide martial law" in the event that Black nationalists and
anti-war protesters "challenged the authority of the state." In 1981,
Reagan as president moved Giuffrida up to the big leagues, appointing
him director of FEMA.</p>
<p>According to Reynolds, however, it was the actions of George Bush in
<p>According to Reynolds, however, it was the actions of George Bush in
1976, while he was the director of the Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA), that provided the stimulus for centralization of vast powers in
FEMA.</p>
<p>Bush assembled a group of hawkish outsiders, called Team B, that
<p>Bush assembled a group of hawkish outsiders, called Team B, that
released a report claiming the CIA ("Team A") had underestimated the
dangers of Soviet nuclear attack. The report advised the development
of elaborate plans for "civil defense" and post-nuclear government.
Three years later, in 1979, FEMA was given ultimate responsibility for
developing these plans.</p>
<p>Aware of the bad publicity FEMA was getting because of its role in
<p>Aware of the bad publicity FEMA was getting because of its role in
organizing for a post-nuclear world, Reagan's FEMA chief Giuffrida
publicly argued that the 1865 Posse Comitatus Act prohibited the
military from arresting civilians.</p>
<p>However, Reynolds says that Congress eroded the act by giving the
<p>However, Reynolds says that Congress eroded the act by giving the
military reserves an exemption from Posse Comitatus and allowing them
to arrest civilians. The National Guard, under the control of state
governors in peace time, is also exempt from the act and can arrest
civilians.</p>
<p>FEMA Inspector General John Brinkerhoff has written a memo contending
<p>FEMA Inspector General John Brinkerhoff has written a memo contending
that the government doesn't need to suspend the Constitution to use
the full range of powers Congress has given the agency. FEMA has
prepared legislation to be introduced in Congress in the event of a
@ -935,35 +936,35 @@ national emergency that would give the agency sweeping powers. The
right to "deputize" National Guard and police forces is included in
the package. But Reynolds believes that actual martial law need not be
declared publicly.</p>
<p>Giuffrida has written that "Martial Rule comes into existence upon a
<p>Giuffrida has written that "Martial Rule comes into existence upon a
determination (not a declaration) by the senior military commander
that the civil government must be replaced because it is no longer
functioning anyway." He adds that "Martial Rule is limited only by the
principle of necessary force."</p>
<p>According to Reynolds, it is possible for the president to make
<p>According to Reynolds, it is possible for the president to make
declarations concerning a national emergency secretly in the form of a
Natioanl Security Decision Directive. Most such directives are
classified as so secret that Reynolds says "researchers don't even
know how many are enacted."</p>
<p>DOMESTIC SPYING</p>
<p>Throughout the 1980s, FEMA was prohibited from engaging in
<p>DOMESTIC SPYING</p>
<p>Throughout the 1980s, FEMA was prohibited from engaging in
intelligence gathering. But on July 6, 1989, Bush signed Executive
Order 12681, pronouncing that FEMA's National Preparedness Directorate
would "have as a primary function intelligence, counterintelligence,
investigative, or national security work." Recent events indicate that
domestic spying in response to the looming Middle East war is now
under way.</p>
<p>Reynolds reports that "the CIA is going to various campuses asking for
<p>Reynolds reports that "the CIA is going to various campuses asking for
information on Middle Eastern students. I'm sure that there are
intelligence organizations monitoring peace demonstrations."
According to the University of Connecticut student paper, the Daily
Campus, CIA officials have recently met there to discuss talking with
Middle Eastern students.</p>
<p>The New York Times reports that the FBI has ordered its agents around
<p>The New York Times reports that the FBI has ordered its agents around
the country to question Arab-American leaders and business people in
search of information on potential Iraqi "terrorist" attacks in
response to a Gulf war.</p>
<p>A 1986 Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) document entitled
<p>A 1986 Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) document entitled
"Alien Terrorists and Other Undesirables: A Contingency Plan" outlines
the potential round-up and incarceration in mass detainment camps of
U.S. residents who are citizens of "terrorist" countries, chiefly in
@ -974,21 +975,21 @@ refugees in the event of a U.S. invasion of the region. One of the 10
military bases established as detainment camps by REX-84 ALPHA, Camp
Krome, Fla., was designated a joint FEMA-Immigration service
interrogation center.</p>
<p>Recently, FEMA has been criticized in the media for inadequate
<p>Recently, FEMA has been criticized in the media for inadequate
response to the October, 1989 San Francisco earthquake. What the
mainstream press has failed to cover is the agency's planned role in
repressing domestic dissent in the event of an invasion abroad.</p>
<p>Source: The Guardian, Jan 16 1991</p>
<p> The Guardian is an independent radical news weekly. Subscriptions are
<p>Source: The Guardian, Jan 16 1991</p>
<p> The Guardian is an independent radical news weekly. Subscriptions are
available at $33.50 per year from The Guardian, 33 West 17th St., New
York, NY 10011</p>
<p>----------------------------END:REF4------------------------------------
<p>----------------------------END:REF4------------------------------------
########################################################################
----------------------------REF5:NSDD 145-------------------------------</p>
<p>DATE OF UPLOAD: November 17, 1989
<p>DATE OF UPLOAD: November 17, 1989
ORIGIN OF UPLOAD: Omni Magazine
CONTRIBUTED BY: Donald Goldberg</p>
<p>========================================================
<p>========================================================
PARANET INFORMATION SERVICE BBS
========================================================
Although this article does not deal directly with UFOs,
@ -996,12 +997,12 @@ ParaNet felt it important as an offering to our readers who
depend so much upon communications as a way to stay informed.
This article raises some interesting implications for the future
of communications.</p>
<p>THE NATIONAL GUARDS
<p>THE NATIONAL GUARDS
(C) 1987 OMNI MAGAZINE MAY 1987
(Reprinted with permission and license to ParaNet Information
Service and its affiliates.)</p>
<p>By Donald Goldberg</p>
<p> The mountains bend as the fjord and the sea beyond stretch
<p>By Donald Goldberg</p>
<p> The mountains bend as the fjord and the sea beyond stretch
out before the viewer's eyes. First over the water, then a sharp
left turn, then a bank to the right between the peaks, and the
secret naval base unfolds upon the screen.
@ -1057,7 +1058,7 @@ Defense (DoD) officials have quietly implemented a number of
policies, decisions, and orders that give the military
unprecedented control over both the content and public use of
data and communications. For example:</p>
<p>**The Pentagon has created a new category of "sensitive" but
<p>**The Pentagon has created a new category of "sensitive" but
unclassified information that allows it to keep from public
access huge quantities of data that were once widely accessible.
**Defense Department officials have attempted to rewrite key laws
@ -1425,6 +1426,7 @@ mechanisms are already in place; and few barriers remain to
guarantee that what we hear, see, and read will come to us
courtesy of our being members of a free and open society and not
courtesy of the Pentagon.</p>
<p>=================================================================
<p>=================================================================
Psi-Tech and alien brain-wave research -- Whats going on at Los Alamos?</p>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> PROOF THAT OSWALD DID NOT SHOOT JFK:</p>
<p> THE BAKER-OSWALD ENCOUNTER</p>
<p> Michael T. Griffith
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> PROOF THAT OSWALD DID NOT SHOOT JFK:</p>
<p> THE BAKER-OSWALD ENCOUNTER</p>
<p> Michael T. Griffith
1996
@All Rights Reserved</p>
<p> The fact that Officer Marrion Baker saw Lee Harvey Oswald on
<p> The fact that Officer Marrion Baker saw Lee Harvey Oswald on
the second floor of the Texas School Book Depository (TSBD)
building less than 90 seconds after President Kennedy was shot is
proof that Oswald could not have been the assassin. Officer
@ -16,10 +17,10 @@ have been on the sixth floor during the shooting, and therefore
could not have shot President Kennedy from the window identified
by the Warren Commission (WC) as the point from which all the
shots were allegedly fired.</p>
<p> Let us begin by analyzing Officer Baker's actions after he
<p> Let us begin by analyzing Officer Baker's actions after he
heard the shots. Here is how the WC described what Baker did
after he heard gunfire:</p>
<p> When the shots were fired, a Dallas motorcycle
<p> When the shots were fired, a Dallas motorcycle
patrolman, Marrion L. Baker, was riding in the
motorcade at a point several cars behind the
President. He had turned right from Main Street
@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ WC that in that test he merely "kind of ran" outside the Book
Depository and that he moved only at "kind of a trot" inside the
building. And these were not the only aspects of the WC's
simulations that were unrealistic.</p>
<p> Roy Truly, the building manager who ran ahead of Baker
<p> Roy Truly, the building manager who ran ahead of Baker
through the building, likewise said his simulation time was the
minimum time. But Truly did not seem certain about this.
When asked if his simulation pace had even been "about" the same
@ -66,14 +67,14 @@ building, he consistently used the word "ran" (e.g., 3 H 221,
222, 223, 224, 227). As with Baker's simulation speeds, the
evidence indicates that Truly's reenactment pace was slower than
his pace on the day of the assassination.</p>
<p> Pauline Sanders' testimony and Baker's own filmed statements
<p> Pauline Sanders' testimony and Baker's own filmed statements
in 1988 indicate that Baker ran quite fast after he dismounted
from his motorcycle. In the frames from the Couch film in which
Baker is visible, he is seen to be running rapidly. During the
WC's reenactments, moving slower, and quite possibly starting
slightly earlier than he did on the day of the shooting, Baker
made it to the TSBD's entrance in just 15 seconds.</p>
<p> WC supporters note that the simulations did not attempt to
<p> WC supporters note that the simulations did not attempt to
duplicate Baker's pushing people aside en route to the entrance,
and that therefore in the reenactment Baker made it to the
entrance as fast or faster than he did on the day of the
@ -83,13 +84,13 @@ Whatever small difference in time this action would have made in
the simulation was substantially, if not completely, offset by
the fact that in the simulation Baker moved more slowly than he
did after the shooting.</p>
<p> WC defenders also note that the Commission's simulations did
<p> WC defenders also note that the Commission's simulations did
not take into account the fact that Baker and Truly had to push
their way through a few people as they approached the front of
the TSBD. Truly, however, indicated it took he and Baker very
little time to do this, and that therefore omitting this action
from the simulation didn't really matter:</p>
<p> I said when the officer and I ran in, we were
<p> I said when the officer and I ran in, we were
shouldering people aside in front of the building,
so--we possibly were slowed a little bit more
coming in than we were when he and I came in March
@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ moved considerably slower in the simulations than he did on the
day of the shooting. Baker's FASTEST pace outside the building
during the simulations was only "kind of a run." Yet, in the
Couch film Baker is seen to be running at a rapid pace.</p>
<p> During the abovementioned 1988 filmed interview, Baker said
<p> During the abovementioned 1988 filmed interview, Baker said
it took him only "a very few seconds" to reach the TSBD's
entrance. If Baker was referring to the time it took him AFTER
he dismounted his motorcycle, this would still indicate that
@ -127,17 +128,17 @@ up to the building, up the steps to the entrance of our building"
(3 H 221, emphasis added). (Notice Truly said Baker was
"running"--not "trotting" or "kind of trotting," but RUNNING,
which is what we see Baker doing in the Couch film.)</p>
<p> Now let us examine Baker's movements from the time he went
<p> Now let us examine Baker's movements from the time he went
through the entrance until the time he headed up the stairs. On
November 22, Baker said the following in a sworn statement:</p>
<p> As I entered the door I saw several people standing
<p> As I entered the door I saw several people standing
around. I asked these people where the stairs were.
A man stepped forward and stated he was the building
manager and that he would show me where the stairs were.
I followed the man to the rear of the building and he
said, "Let's take the elevator." The elevator was hung
several floors up so we used the stairs instead.</p>
<p> As mentioned, in the WC's reenactments Baker's FASTEST time
<p> As mentioned, in the WC's reenactments Baker's FASTEST time
was 75 seconds, and that was when he "kind of ran" outside the
building and moved at "kind of a trot" inside the building. Yet,
both Baker and Roy Truly described exactly what one would expect
@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ closer to 60 seconds. Therefore, a fair estimate for the time it
took Baker to go from the front door to the first-floor stairs
would be around 30-40 seconds. As will be discussed below, it
could have taken him LESS than 30 seconds.</p>
<p> It should be kept in mind that lone-gunman theorists have
<p> It should be kept in mind that lone-gunman theorists have
argued that the alleged lone assassin could have made it from the
sniper's nest to the sixth-floor stairs in well under 30 seconds.
(One WC supporter suggested to me that the gunman could have
@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ of around 90-100 feet. Moving at just a moderate running pace,
the average man can easily cover this distance in around 15
seconds or less. From the elevators to the stairs leading up to
the second floor would have been about 18 feet.)</p>
<p> Baker's trip breaks down as follows (bearing in mind that,
<p> Baker's trip breaks down as follows (bearing in mind that,
on balance, this timing breakdown is generous to the lone-gunman
theory): 15-25 seconds to go from his bike to the entrance, 25-40
seconds to reach the first-floor stairs, and 5-10 seconds to go
@ -180,10 +181,10 @@ up one flight of stairs. (However, I would guess that it took
the running Baker closer to 5 seconds to reach the second-floor
landing area.) More specific times are provided in the time
lines presented below.</p>
<p> Baker said he spotted Oswald from the second-floor landing
<p> Baker said he spotted Oswald from the second-floor landing
just after he (Baker) reached the landing, when he looked
through the small window of the foyer door. Recounted Baker,</p>
<p> . . . I was coming out this one on the second
<p> . . . I was coming out this one on the second
floor, and I don't know, I was kind of sweeping
[visually] this area as I come up, I was looking
from right to left and as I got to this door here
@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ walked through the foyer door and saw Oswald in the lunchroom
(WCR 151). Oswald had continued walking and thus was still
about 20 feet from Baker. [1] Is this how it happened? There
are problems with Baker's account.</p>
<p> With the foyer door shut, the window would have been at a
<p> With the foyer door shut, the window would have been at a
45-degree angle to Baker. In all probability, that door, which
was an automatic door, was already closed when Baker looked
through its small window. However, in his WC testimony, Baker
@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ having been in motion, and his testimony indicates that he looked
at the door when he reached the landing (the door would have
been right in the middle of his field of view; more will be said
on this point further below).</p>
<p> If the door was still moving, it must have been nearly shut,
<p> If the door was still moving, it must have been nearly shut,
or else Baker would have had an even harder time seeing anything
through the window. Baker himself said that the door "might have
been . . . closing AND ALMOST SHUT AT THAT TIME." In other
@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ been no more than a foot past the foyer door, in which case the
door--with its slow automatic closing mechanism--would not have
had enough time to close or nearly close if Oswald had just gone
through it.</p>
<p> Another problem with Baker's account is that Baker said he
<p> Another problem with Baker's account is that Baker said he
wasn't even sure if Oswald had gone through the foyer door (3 H
255). Now this is very odd indeed. If Baker spotted Oswald
through the foyer door a second or two after reaching the top of
@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ Baker was referring to the lunchroom door, though he clearly
wasn't, then his uncertainty becomes even more astounding. How
in the world could Baker have had any doubt that Oswald had just
gone through the lunchroom door to reach the lunchroom?)</p>
<p> Perhaps the most serious problem with Baker's account is
<p> Perhaps the most serious problem with Baker's account is
that if Oswald was only a foot past the foyer door when he
spotted him, then Roy Truly, who was running AHEAD of Baker,
surely would have seen Oswald either coming off the stairs, or
@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ walking across the landing toward the door, or opening the door.
The Commission itself admitted that Oswald must have gone through
the foyer door only "a second or two" before being spotted by
Baker:</p>
<p> Since the vestibule [foyer] door is only a few
<p> Since the vestibule [foyer] door is only a few
feet from the lunchroom door, the man [Oswald]
must have entered the vestibule door only a second
or two before Baker arrived at the top of the
@ -262,7 +263,7 @@ could have been the least bit unsure about whether or not Oswald
had gone through the foyer door if Baker spotted Oswald right
next to the door and if the door was in any kind of motion at the
time.</p>
<p> Truly told the WC that he had already started up the stairs
<p> Truly told the WC that he had already started up the stairs
to the third floor when he noticed that Baker was no longer
running behind him. Truly also said there was slightly more
distance between him and Baker on the second floor than there was
@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ through the foyer door "a second or two" before Baker spotted
him, Truly could not possibly have missed seeing Oswald coming
off the stairs, or approaching the door, or starting to open the
door.</p>
<p> Truly told the Commission that he was already in the process
<p> Truly told the Commission that he was already in the process
of "going around" to the third-floor stairs at the time Baker
would have seen the alleged movement in the foyer door's window
(3 H 226; cf. 3 H 223-224). Interestingly, Truly testified that
@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ part through the door's window (see Savage 289, photo number
through the window and then saw Oswald in the lunchroom.
Nevertheless, I have assumed for the sake of argument that Baker
spotted Oswald just after he reached the second-floor landing.</p>
<p> In the Commission's reenactments of Oswald's alleged
<p> In the Commission's reenactments of Oswald's alleged
movements from the sixth floor to the second floor, the fastest
time of the Oswald stand-in, SSA John Howlett, was 74 seconds.
In this test, Howlett moved at "a fast walk" so that he would not
@ -380,7 +381,7 @@ handled--and handled strongly--during the shooting? It will be
assumed in the time lines that the gunman hurriedly tried to wipe
off those parts of the weapon that he would have handled while
firing it.</p>
<p> How could Oswald have come down the stairs without being
<p> How could Oswald have come down the stairs without being
seen by Roy Truly? WC supporters have never been able to provide
a plausible answer to this crucial question. If, as the WC
claimed, Oswald went through the foyer door a second or two
@ -393,7 +394,7 @@ alone proves that Oswald did not shoot JFK. Moreover, Oswald
could not have done all the things the WC said he did on the
sixth floor and still have made it to the second-floor lunchroom
in time to be seen by Baker just after Baker reached the landing.</p>
<p> It should be noted that Truly and Baker were looking for
<p> It should be noted that Truly and Baker were looking for
someone, a gunman. One can perhaps debate the exact degree to
which Truly was "searching," but there is no doubt that he looked
at the second-floor landing as he was moving and that he would
@ -401,7 +402,7 @@ have seen anyone who might have been near or at the foyer door.
Truly was asked by WC counsel if he was looking straight ahead to
see anyone on his way up the stairs, or if he was just intent on
ascending the stairs (3 H 223). Truly replied,</p>
<p> If there had been anybody in that area, I would
<p> If there had been anybody in that area, I would
have seen him on the outside. But I was content--I
was trying to show the officer the pathway up, where
the elevators--I mean where the stairways continued.
@ -418,7 +419,7 @@ nearly shut when Baker spotted him, then, at the very least, the
door would have been halfway open when Truly saw it, and at least
half of Oswald's body in profile would have been in plain view of
Truly.</p>
<p> When Truly said he would have seen anyone in the landing
<p> When Truly said he would have seen anyone in the landing
area "on the outside," he probably meant he would have spotted
anyone ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE DOOR. One leading WC supporter
acknowledged this point to me in e-mail. This is important
@ -432,10 +433,10 @@ have mentioned this in his testimony. But he never once
suggested that the door was anything but closed when he saw it,
and his testimony suggests that the door was in fact shut when he
reached the landing.</p>
<p>---------------------------------------------------------
<p>---------------------------------------------------------
New Lone-Gunman Theories About the Baker-Oswald Encounter
---------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> A few WC supporters have suggested that Oswald got inside
<p> A few WC supporters have suggested that Oswald got inside
the foyer door even BEFORE Truly reached THE LANDING. Among
other things, this theory would require us to believe that our
alleged fleeing assassin, who was supposedly desperate to provide
@ -466,9 +467,9 @@ important mission in life at that time would have been to get as
far away from the stairs as possible, and, correspondingly, to
get out of the line of sight of anyone who might look through the
foyer door's window.</p>
<p> An even more implausible scenario, offered by a few WC
<p> An even more implausible scenario, offered by a few WC
supporters, goes something like this: </p>
<p> Oswald was coming down the stairs when Truly called
<p> Oswald was coming down the stairs when Truly called
for the elevator. Upon hearing Truly holler, or
perhaps after hearing Baker and Truly running up
the stairs, Oswald ducked into the lunchroom and
@ -494,7 +495,7 @@ started to open the door just before Truly reached the landing
but then pulled back when he saw and/or heard Truly, then Oswald
would have had ample time to duck away from the door, and thus
get out of sight, by the time Baker reached the landing.</p>
<p> If it is theorized that Oswald didn't start to open the door
<p> If it is theorized that Oswald didn't start to open the door
but that he merely began to turn around when he saw Truly, he
still would have had time to duck out of view by the time Baker
reached the landing. And wouldn't Oswald have heard Baker and
@ -502,7 +503,7 @@ Truly running up the stairs as they neared the landing? If so,
why would he have even gotten close to the foyer door? Wouldn't
he have stayed away from the door, out of view, until he heard
Baker and Truly continue up the stairs?</p>
<p> What's more, in his WC testimony Baker indicated that Oswald
<p> What's more, in his WC testimony Baker indicated that Oswald
had his back to the door when he spotted him. This claim causes
several problems for the traditional lone-gunman version of the
Baker-Oswald encounter. It also creates difficulties for any
@ -529,7 +530,7 @@ out of the sniper's nest, sprint across the sixth floor, stop
momentarily and literally "throw" the rifle into its hiding
place, and then dash down the stairs. Such a scenario would
require the following time line:</p>
<p>Action Time
<p>Action Time
---------------------------------------------------------
Fires last shot...........00:00-00:00
Chambers one round........00:00-00:01
@ -543,7 +544,7 @@ Turns around and runs to sixth-floor
stairway.........00:21-00:23
Dashes down four flights of stairs
and reaches second-floor landing...00:23-00:36</p>
<p> Obviously, this scenario is markedly unrealistic. However,
<p> Obviously, this scenario is markedly unrealistic. However,
if we assume it is correct, how can we accept the theory that
Oswald was on the stairs when Truly yelled for the elevator or
when Baker and Truly were running up the stairs to the second
@ -551,29 +552,29 @@ floor? Baker and Truly could not have reached the elevator shaft
so soon after the shots were fired. These are just some of the
problems associated with any theory that assumes Oswald somehow
made it to the second floor before Truly reached the landing.</p>
<p> If Oswald had reached the second floor in less than 40
<p> If Oswald had reached the second floor in less than 40
seconds, why wouldn't he have just continued going down the
stairs and exited the building's rear door? Baker and Truly
could not have even been at the elevator shaft by that time. So
why would Oswald have bothered to go to the second-floor
lunchroom?</p>
<p> A third scenario proposed by some WC supporters involves the
<p> A third scenario proposed by some WC supporters involves the
idea that Oswald WALKED from the window to the rifle's hiding
place. According to this theory, Oswald "walked briskly" after
he allegedly fired the shots.</p>
<p> Wouldn't Harold Norman and the two other men who were with
<p> Wouldn't Harold Norman and the two other men who were with
him just below the sniper's nest have heard a grown man "walking
briskly" above them? Walking quickly creates almost as much
noise as running makes. Yet, the three men didn't hear a sound
come from the sniper's nest after the shooting.</p>
<p> And wouldn't Oswald have RUN for dear life? One would think
<p> And wouldn't Oswald have RUN for dear life? One would think
that he would have wanted to get as far away from the sniper's
nest as quickly possible. Why, then, wouldn't he have run from
the sniper's nest and then dashed down the stairs? Again,
though, walking briskly makes almost as much noise as running
makes. How could Norman, with his supposedly superhuman hearing,
not have heard a grown man speed-walking across the floor?</p>
<p> Anyway, if Oswald had walked briskly, and if we accept for
<p> Anyway, if Oswald had walked briskly, and if we accept for
the sake of argument the other assumptions about his movements
made the WC supporters who advance this theory, he would have
been behind the foyer door around 50 seconds after the shooting.
@ -583,7 +584,7 @@ Baker and Truly running up the stairs, a number of problems come
to mind: For starters, if he heard Truly yell, he would have had
plenty of time to get back in the lunchroom and well out of
Baker's sight.</p>
<p> The only other option is to assume that Oswald heard Baker
<p> The only other option is to assume that Oswald heard Baker
and Truly coming up the stairs and had just barely gone back
through the foyer door when Baker looked at it. But, and this is
an important point, then we're right back to square one with
@ -608,7 +609,7 @@ Oswald had ducked back through the door when he heard Baker and
Truly running up the stairs, he would not have been visible
through the foyer door's window by the time Baker looked toward
the door.</p>
<p> One could, out of desperation, assume that Oswald just stood
<p> One could, out of desperation, assume that Oswald just stood
there inside the door and didn't start to move away until a
second before Baker looked at the door, but this idea is
impossible from the outset unless we also assume that Oswald was
@ -620,10 +621,10 @@ the landing. And, if Oswald, incredibly, just stood by the door
until a second before Baker looked at it, how could Oswald have
been facing AWAY from the door, i.e., with his back to the door,
when Baker supposedly spotted him through the window?</p>
<p>------------------------------------
<p>------------------------------------
Victoria Adams: An Important Witness
------------------------------------</p>
<p> Another problem confronting WC supporters is the fact that
<p> Another problem confronting WC supporters is the fact that
Victoria Adams went down the stairs shortly after the last shot
was fired, and neither saw nor heard anyone else on those
stairs. Miss Adams was with Sandra Styles on the fourth floor
@ -638,17 +639,17 @@ error--and not by just a little bit, but by "several minutes."
This is highly unlikely. Moreover, Lovelady and Shelley gave
sworn statements on the day of the shooting that tend to support
her account.</p>
<p> Miss Adams said that from her position on the fourth floor
<p> Miss Adams said that from her position on the fourth floor
she "ran" down the back stairs to the first floor very soon after
the last shot. She told the Commission that "at the most" it
took her no longer than a minute to reach the bottom of the
stairs on the first floor after she waited at the window. She
further informed the Commission that she RAN down the stairs.</p>
<p> If Miss Adams remained at the window for 15-30 seconds
<p> If Miss Adams remained at the window for 15-30 seconds
before taking "no more than a minute" to reach the first floor,
she could have arrived there before Baker and Truly did, as these
time lines show:</p>
<p>Action Time
<p>Action Time
-------------------------------------------------
Last shot is fired........00:00-00:00
Waits at window...........00:00-00:15
@ -657,7 +658,7 @@ Reaches bottom of first-floor
stairs...........00:30-00:42
Moves several feet away from
first-floor stairs...........00:42-00:44</p>
<p> From her position on the fourth floor, Miss Adams would have
<p> From her position on the fourth floor, Miss Adams would have
had to run about 60 feet, which a normal female of her age could
have done in 15 seconds or less. After that, she only had to go
down three flights of stairs. Since she was going DOWN, and
@ -670,7 +671,7 @@ will dispute the fact that a healthy young female adult could
have "run" and gotten several feet away from the first-floor
stairs in 3 seconds. In any event, let's add a second here and
there and see what we get:</p>
<p>Action Time
<p>Action Time
-------------------------------------------------
Last shot is fired........00:00-00:00
Waits at window...........00:00-00:15
@ -679,13 +680,13 @@ Reaches bottom of first-floor
stairs...........00:30-00:45
Moves several feet away from
first-floor stairs...........00:45-00:47</p>
<p> As we can see, I've added 3 seconds to the time it took her
<p> As we can see, I've added 3 seconds to the time it took her
to go down the stairs, and 2 seconds to the time it took her to
move several feet away from the first-floor stairs. Even with
the extra time, she still could have reached the first floor
before Baker and Truly entered the landing area. Now, let's bend
a little more and see what we get:</p>
<p>Action Time
<p>Action Time
-------------------------------------------------
Last shot is fired........00:00-00:00
Waits at window...........00:00-00:17
@ -694,13 +695,13 @@ Reaches bottom of first-floor
stairs...........00:32-00:47
Moves several feet away from
first-floor stairs...........00:47-00:49</p>
<p> Even in this time line, we see that Miss Adams still could
<p> Even in this time line, we see that Miss Adams still could
have reached the first floor 3 seconds before Baker and Truly
reached the first-floor landing area.</p>
<p> What if Miss Adams literally raced from the window after
<p> What if Miss Adams literally raced from the window after
pausing at it for 15 seconds? The following would be the fastest
scenario:</p>
<p>Action Time
<p>Action Time
-------------------------------------------------
Last shot is fired........00:00-00:00
Waits at window...........00:00-00:15
@ -709,7 +710,7 @@ Reaches bottom of first-floor
stairs...........00:30-00:39
Moves several feet away from
first-floor stairs...........00:39-00:40</p>
<p> What about Lovelady and Shelley? Judging from their
<p> What about Lovelady and Shelley? Judging from their
November 22 statements, they made it to the first floor in well
under a minute. Lovelady, who was standing on the steps of the
Depository, said that after the shots were fired he went
@ -722,7 +723,7 @@ fairly quick pace. So both Lovelady and Shelley, according to
their November 22 statements, could have been on the first floor
in time to be seen by Miss Adams 40-50 seconds after the
shooting.</p>
<p> WC defenders argue that since Miss Adams did not report
<p> WC defenders argue that since Miss Adams did not report
hearing Truly yell for the elevator and did not see Baker and
Truly, she must have been on the stairs much later than she
thought she was. However, this is not necessarily correct.
@ -739,7 +740,7 @@ person around them. Similarly, Shelley was very unsure that he
had seen Miss Adams on the first floor, and Lovelady said he
"couldn't swear" that he had seen her, yet she noticed both of
them.</p>
<p> As for Miss Adams not hearing Truly yell, this is entirely
<p> As for Miss Adams not hearing Truly yell, this is entirely
understandable. The elevator shaft was some 15-20 feet from
the stairs, and the shaft and the stairs were separated by a
wall. Miss Adams' running down the stairs would have created
@ -750,7 +751,7 @@ floor could have also partially obscured the sound of Truly's
voice. There is also the distinct possibility that Miss Adams
reached the first floor BEFORE Truly yelled for the elevator, as
the above time lines show.</p>
<p> As mentioned, Sandra Styles was with Miss Adams on the
<p> As mentioned, Sandra Styles was with Miss Adams on the
fourth floor and accompanied her down the stairs. Yet,
incredibly, the Commission not only failed to call her as a
witness, but it didn't even have the FBI obtain a statement from
@ -762,7 +763,7 @@ Surely it must have occurred to the WC that Miss Styles was a
crucial witness. One can't help but suspect that the Commission
ignored her because it feared she would confirm that Miss Adams
went down the stairs less than a minute after the shots rang out.</p>
<p> It should be noted that it is possible that Oswald could
<p> It should be noted that it is possible that Oswald could
have come down the stairs without being seen or heard by Miss
Adams. This seems unlikely, but it is possible. The value
of Miss Adams' testimony is that if she made it to the first
@ -773,12 +774,12 @@ the second-floor landing. If nothing else, her testimony
indicates that she was on the fourth-floor stairs no later than
50 seconds after the shooting but neither saw nor heard anyone
else on the stairs.</p>
<p> Now let us consider three timing scenarios to reinforce the
<p> Now let us consider three timing scenarios to reinforce the
fact that Oswald could not have made it from the sixth floor to
the second-floor lunchroom without being seen by Truly or in time
to be seen by Baker within inches of the foyer door just after
Baker reached the second-floor landing.</p>
<p> Before we do so, a word needs to be said about Oswald's
<p> Before we do so, a word needs to be said about Oswald's
supposed route and the distance he would have had to cover in
going from the sniper's nest to the rifle's hiding place. In
previous versions of this article, it was assumed for the sake of
@ -801,17 +802,17 @@ distance of only 75 feet for this journey in earlier versions of
this article, I have NOT lengthened the times for it. I have
done so in order to give the lone-gunman theory the benefit of
the doubt.</p>
<p>------------------------------------------------------
<p>------------------------------------------------------
SCENARIO #1: TIMES FAVORABLE TO THE LONE-GUNMAN THEORY
------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Notice that in this scenario it is assumed that Oswald RAN
<p> Notice that in this scenario it is assumed that Oswald RAN
across the sixth floor and down the stairs, and that he only took
8 seconds to hide the rifle. These times, along with two or
three others, are more than generous in order to give the
lone-gunman theory the benefit of the doubt, and all of the
listed times are reasonable and consistent with the evidence.</p>
<p>"OSWALD" TIME LINE #1:</p>
<p>Alleged Action Time
<p>"OSWALD" TIME LINE #1:</p>
<p>Alleged Action Time
-------------------------------------------------------------
Fires last shot.................00:00
Chambers another round..........00:00-00:01
@ -836,8 +837,8 @@ through it.............00:59-01:00
Runs approximately 20 feet across the
second-floor landing to the foyer door...01:00-01:02
Opens foyer door and goes through it........01:02-01:03</p>
<p>TRULY TIME LINE #1:</p>
<p>Action Time
<p>TRULY TIME LINE #1:</p>
<p>Action Time
-------------------------------------------------------------
Last shot is fired..............00:00
Baker races motorcycle, dismounts, runs to
@ -849,19 +850,19 @@ Opens and goes through door to first-floor
stairs.................00:55-00:56
Runs up stairs and gets far enough
to see second-floor landing........00:56-01:02</p>
<p> Thus, even after making generous allowances in favor of the
<p> Thus, even after making generous allowances in favor of the
lone-gunman theory, we see that Truly would have had a view of
the second-floor landing BEFORE Oswald would gone through the
the foyer door. Not only would Truly have seen Oswald going
through the door, but he would have also seen the slow
automatic door closing behind Oswald.</p>
<p> Of course, if Oswald had RUN 150 feet from the sniper's nest
<p> Of course, if Oswald had RUN 150 feet from the sniper's nest
to the rifle's hiding place, raced down four flights of stairs,
and then bolted across the second-floor landing to dash through
the foyer door, he surely would have been at least somewhat out
of breath, and not "calm and collected," when Baker encountered
him.</p>
<p> Furthermore, as indicated above, it is possible that Baker
<p> Furthermore, as indicated above, it is possible that Baker
and Truly took less than 40 seconds to get to the foot of the
first-floor stairs. We have assumed that it took "Oswald" only
16 seconds to run the roughly 150 feet from the sniper's nest to
@ -874,13 +875,13 @@ seconds calling for and trying to use the elevator before they
decided to go up the stairs. Or, one could bend a little more
and assume it took them 35 seconds to reach the first-floor
stairs. This is a plausible estimate.</p>
<p> Now let us see why Baker's story about seeing Oswald 20 feet
<p> Now let us see why Baker's story about seeing Oswald 20 feet
away just after Baker reached the second-floor landing would, if
true, prove that Oswald did not shoot Kennedy. Keep in mind that
Oswald would have been opening and then walking through the foyer
door 62-63 seconds after the shots were fired.</p>
<p>BAKER TIME LINE #1:</p>
<p>Action Time
<p>BAKER TIME LINE #1:</p>
<p>Action Time
-------------------------------------------------------------
Last shot is fired..............00:00
Races motorcycle, dismounts, runs to
@ -893,14 +894,14 @@ Baker follows................00:55-00:57
Runs up stairs and reaches second-floor
landing about 2-3 seconds after Truly
does...................00:57-01:04</p>
<p> It is apparent that Oswald would have just finished walking
<p> It is apparent that Oswald would have just finished walking
through the foyer door when Baker reached the second-floor
landing and began to scan the area, and that therefore the foyer
door would have just barely started to close behind Oswald when
Baker looked at it. Also, Truly was running well ahead of Baker
by that time and would have easily spotted Oswald crossing the
landing, or reaching for the door, or going through the door.</p>
<p> What follows is a time line that is extremely favorable to
<p> What follows is a time line that is extremely favorable to
the lone-gunman theory, which we will call Oswald Time Line #2.
In it we have eliminated some of Oswald's alleged actions and
have shortened the times given for a number of the remaining
@ -920,8 +921,8 @@ like to emphasize that the following time line is NOT realistic,
since, as stated above, it omits some of Oswald's alleged actions
and contains shortened times for a number of his remaining
supposed activities.</p>
<p>"OSWALD" TIME LINE #2:</p>
<p>Alleged Action Time
<p>"OSWALD" TIME LINE #2:</p>
<p>Alleged Action Time
-------------------------------------------------------------
Fires last shot.................00:00
Chambers another round..........00:00-00:01
@ -948,12 +949,12 @@ second-floor landing to the foyer door...00:50-00:52
Opens foyer door and goes through it........00:52-00:53
Automatic-closing foyer door closes nearly
all the way behind him.............00:53-00:55</p>
<p>If the foyer door was like most automatic doors, it could have
<p>If the foyer door was like most automatic doors, it could have
taken as much as 5 seconds, or more, to close or nearly close.
But, for the sake of argument, we have assumed it only took 2
seconds to do so.</p>
<p>TRULY TIME LINE #2:</p>
<p>Action Time
<p>TRULY TIME LINE #2:</p>
<p>Action Time
-------------------------------------------------------------
Last shot is fired..............00:00
Baker races motorcycle, dismounts, and comes
@ -964,8 +965,8 @@ Opens and goes through door to first-floor
stairs.................00:40-00:41
Runs up stairs and gets far enough on stairs
to see second-floor landing........00:41-00:48</p>
<p>BAKER TIME LINE #2:</p>
<p>Action Time
<p>BAKER TIME LINE #2:</p>
<p>Action Time
-------------------------------------------------------------
Last shot is fired..............00:00
Races motorcycle, dismounts, runs to TSBD,
@ -978,14 +979,14 @@ Baker follows................00:40-00:42
Runs up stairs and reaches second-floor
landing about 2-3 seconds after Truly
does...................00:42-00:51</p>
<p> Even these Baker and Truly time lines are not as fast as
<p> Even these Baker and Truly time lines are not as fast as
they could be (and probably should be), yet we still see that
Oswald could not have made it from the sixth floor without being
seen by Truly and in time to be spotted by Baker.</p>
<p>--------------------------------------------------------------
<p>--------------------------------------------------------------
SCENARIO #2: MORE PLAUSIBLE TIMES FOR OSWALD'S ALLEGED ACTIONS
--------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> In this scenario, "Oswald" does not run across the sixth
<p> In this scenario, "Oswald" does not run across the sixth
floor and down the stairs; he walks at a fast pace, as did SSA
Howlett for his FASTEST time in the WC's reenactments. Also,
notice that it is assumed that the hiding of the rifle took 10
@ -994,8 +995,8 @@ clearly shows that the weapon was very carefully concealed. The
weapon was surrounded by boxes on all sides and was held upright
by at least one box. This time line also assumes that the door
to the second-floor landing was open.</p>
<p>"OSWALD" TIME LINE #3:</p>
<p>Alleged Action Time
<p>"OSWALD" TIME LINE #3:</p>
<p>Alleged Action Time
-------------------------------------------------------------
Fires last shot.................00:00
Chambers another round..........00:00-00:01
@ -1019,17 +1020,17 @@ Steps off bottom stair and walks approximately
20 feet across second-floor landing to
foyer door.............01:06-01:10
Opens foyer door and goes through it........01:10-01:12</p>
<p> This time line is a telling blow against the lone-gunman
<p> This time line is a telling blow against the lone-gunman
theory when it is kept in mind that Truly surely was on the
second-floor landing 60 seconds after the shots were fired, as
shown in Truly Time Line #1. It should also be remembered that
in the WC's simulations, the Oswald stand-in, skipping some
actions and fudging on others, made it from the sniper's nest to
the lunchroom in 1 minute and 14 seconds.</p>
<p>---------------------------------------
<p>---------------------------------------
SCENARIO #3: CONSIDERING THE COUCH FILM
---------------------------------------</p>
<p> Officer Baker appears in the Couch film. He is seen running
<p> Officer Baker appears in the Couch film. He is seen running
toward the TSBD. In the segment of the film in which he appears,
he is within a few seconds of the building's entrance. According
to W. Anthony Marsh, the Couch film shows that it might have
@ -1038,7 +1039,7 @@ Howard Roffman, on the other hand, suggests the film shows that
it took Baker 10-15 seconds to do so. I propose a compromise
figure of 25 seconds, although I believe the film could indicate
that Baker reached the door a little sooner than this.</p>
<p> When Baker parked his motorcycle, he was only 45 feet from
<p> When Baker parked his motorcycle, he was only 45 feet from
the TSBD's front entrance (WCR 149, 152). By the time he
appears in the Couch film he has clearly long since dismounted
(he parked his motorcycle about 10 feet from the traffic signal,
@ -1050,7 +1051,7 @@ parked on the NORTH side of Elm Street, i.e., the side closest to
the building, and he's clearly beyond and well to the right of
the traffic light (Trask 424; compare with Trask 500, 548, 551,
and 587, and with WCR 62).</p>
<p> Even allowing for Baker's having to push his way through a
<p> Even allowing for Baker's having to push his way through a
few people at the foot of the entrance, I don't see how it could
have taken him longer than 5 or 6 seconds to reach the front door
from the point at which he appears in the Couch film. If you
@ -1058,7 +1059,7 @@ correlate the Couch frame on page 424 of Trask's PICTURES OF THE
PAIN with the photo on page 62 of the WCR, it's clear that Baker
was very close to the entrance in this frame when Couch captured
him on film.</p>
<p> The exact time that Couch filmed Baker running toward the
<p> The exact time that Couch filmed Baker running toward the
TSBD cannot be established. Couch said he started filming
immediately after he saw a rifle barrel being slowly withdrawn
from the sixth-floor window. Baker appears in the segment that
@ -1069,7 +1070,7 @@ Baker was only a few seconds away from the Depository's entrance
when Couch filmed him, and given the fact that the Baker segment
was not the last in-car footage, a time of 25 seconds seems
reasonable.</p>
<p> Moreover, what if the fatal head shot came AFTER the rifle
<p> Moreover, what if the fatal head shot came AFTER the rifle
was withdrawn from the window? Since there is considerable
evidence that the fatal head shot was fired from the front, it is
possible that the gunman in the sixth-floor window withdrew his
@ -1078,13 +1079,13 @@ the shots he was supposed to fire. In other words, the
sixth-floor shooter could have been withdrawing his rifle by
around frame 225 of the Zapruder film, i.e., nearly five seconds
before Kennedy was shot in the head.</p>
<p> In any event, in the time lines below we will use the figure
<p> In any event, in the time lines below we will use the figure
of 25 seconds for Baker's dash to the front door. At the same
time, however, we will also use more realistic times for Baker
and Truly's sprint from the front door to the first-floor stairs,
and for their dash up the stairs.</p>
<p>TRULY TIME LINE #3:</p>
<p>Action Time
<p>TRULY TIME LINE #3:</p>
<p>Action Time
-------------------------------------------------------------
Last shot is fired..............00:00
Baker races motorcycle, dismounts, runs to TSBD,
@ -1096,10 +1097,10 @@ Opens and goes through door to first-floor
stairs.................00:50-00:51
Runs up stairs and gets far enough
to see second-floor landing........00:51-00:56</p>
<p>If the landing door was closed, it would have taken Truly an
<p>If the landing door was closed, it would have taken Truly an
extra second or two to gain a view of the landing area.</p>
<p>BAKER TIME LINE #3:</p>
<p>Action Time
<p>BAKER TIME LINE #3:</p>
<p>Action Time
-------------------------------------------------------------
Last shot is fired..............00:00
Baker races motorcycle, dismounts, runs to TSBD,
@ -1112,11 +1113,11 @@ Baker follows................00:50-00:52
Runs up stairs and reaches second-floor
landing about 2-3 seconds after Truly
does...................00:52-00:59</p>
<p> When we compare these times lines with the first and third
<p> When we compare these times lines with the first and third
Oswald time lines, we once again see that Oswald could not have
gone through the foyer door without being seen by Truly and in
time to be spotted by Baker.</p>
<p> If we consider the second Oswald time line, which is much
<p> If we consider the second Oswald time line, which is much
too favorable to the lone-gunman theory (so much so that it is
unrealistic), we see that Truly would have arrived far too LATE
for the WC's version of the event to be possible, since the
@ -1126,37 +1127,37 @@ through the door just "a second or two" before BAKER reached the
second-floor landing. This problem becomes even more pronounced
if we assume that it took Baker 5 more seconds, i.e., 30 seconds,
to reach the front door.</p>
<p> On the other hand, if we add 5 seconds to the time for
<p> On the other hand, if we add 5 seconds to the time for
Baker's run to the entrance, which would give us 30 seconds for
that action, and then compare that figure with the first and
third Oswald time lines, we see that Oswald still would have
been unable to reach the foyer door without being seen by Truly
and without, at the very least, having the door clearly and
visibly open when Baker looked at it.</p>
<p> And I would ask the reader to remember that the times given
<p> And I would ask the reader to remember that the times given
for Oswald's alleged run from the sniper's nest to the rifle's
hiding place were originally proposed for a journey of only
around 75 feet. So it cannot be said that I haven't made every
effort to be fair to the lone-gunman scenario. The problem is
that the WC's theory about how Oswald came to be in the second-floor lunchroom is impossible. He could not have made it there
in time to be "spotted" by Baker and without being seen by Truly.</p>
<p> Oswald wasn't seen or heard by Victoria Adams or Roy Truly
<p> Oswald wasn't seen or heard by Victoria Adams or Roy Truly
on the stairs because he never came down those stairs. He was at
the soda machine buying a Coke, just as he told the authorities
during his interrogations, which was one reason that early news
reports put the Coke in his hand when Baker saw him, as did Chief
Curry on November 23, and as Baker himself initially did during
his last sworn statement to the FBI.</p>
<p> The simple, irrefutable fact of the matter is that Lee
<p> The simple, irrefutable fact of the matter is that Lee
Harvey Oswald could not have shot President Kennedy because he
could not have been at the alleged sniper's nest at the time of
the shooting. He was in the second-floor lunchroom buying a
Coke.</p>
<p>-------------------------------------------------------------
<p>-------------------------------------------------------------
WAS SOMEONE IN THE SIXTH-FLOOR WINDOW AT THE SAME TIME OSWALD
WAS SPOTTED DOWNSTAIRS IN THE LUNCHROOM?
-------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Harold Norman was watching the motorcade from the window
<p> Harold Norman was watching the motorcade from the window
directly beneath the sniper's window. With him were Bonnie Ray
Williams and James Jarman. Norman told the WC that he could hear
shells hitting the floor above him during the shooting (WCR, p.
@ -1176,7 +1177,7 @@ hearing any movement above them after the shots were fired.
Jarman, in fact, was asked if he heard "any steps" or "any noise
at all" above him after the shots were fired. "No, sir," he
replied, "none."</p>
<p> In light of the testimony of Mrs. Lillian Mooneyham, this is
<p> In light of the testimony of Mrs. Lillian Mooneyham, this is
not surprising. Mrs. Mooneyham was a law clerk who worked in
the Criminal Courts Building. She told the FBI soon after the
assassination that she saw a man standing in the sixth-floor
@ -1191,12 +1192,12 @@ claim that she could not have seen what she said she had seen.
So, what did the Commission do with this credible and important
account? Nothing. The Commission simply ignored it, and did not
even call Mrs. Mooneyham as a witness.</p>
<p> In 1968 researcher David Lifton obtained an FBI report from
<p> In 1968 researcher David Lifton obtained an FBI report from
the National Archives which said that a witness at a window on an
upper floor of a nearby building had told a Dallas lawyer that
she saw "some boxes moving" in the sixth-floor window, presumably
within minutes of the shooting (Lifton 367).</p>
<p> In 1979 photogrammetric experts hired by the House Select
<p> In 1979 photogrammetric experts hired by the House Select
Committee on Assassinations studied photographs of the
sixth-floor window taken within moments of the shooting and
concluded the pictures showed "an apparent rearranging of boxes
@ -1205,24 +1206,24 @@ Kennedy" (6 HSCA 109). Obviously, Oswald could not have been
moving boxes around in the window less than 2 minutes after the
shooting, nor could he have been the man who was seen by Mrs.
Mooneyham.</p>
<p> So not only could Oswald not have made it to the lunchroom
<p> So not only could Oswald not have made it to the lunchroom
in the required amount of time, but we also have credible
testimony and evidence that someone other than Oswald was in the
sixth-floor window moments after the shots were fired.</p>
<p>Recommend Reading for Important Facts Mentioned Herein
<p>Recommend Reading for Important Facts Mentioned Herein
------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p>1. The alleged murder weapon was very carefully hidden and could
<p>1. The alleged murder weapon was very carefully hidden and could
not have been simply "thrown" to its hiding place as some WC
defenders have suggested: Weisberg, CASE OPEN, pp. 110-117.</p>
<p>2. Victoria Adams' account of her movements after the shots were
<p>2. Victoria Adams' account of her movements after the shots were
fired is accurate and is not refuted by the WC testimony of
Lovelady and Shelley: Meager, ACCESSORIES AFTER THE FACT, pp. 72-74.</p>
<p>3. The WC's reenactments of the Baker-Oswald encounter were
<p>3. The WC's reenactments of the Baker-Oswald encounter were
flawed and unrealistic, and actually proved that Baker reached
the second-floor landing much earlier than he did in the
reenactments: Weisberg, SELECTIONS FROM "WHITEWASH," pp. 53-57;
Weisberg, CASE OPEN, pp. 117-124.</p>
<p>4. Oswald would have had to literally "squeeze" out of the
<p>4. Oswald would have had to literally "squeeze" out of the
alleged sniper's nest: Meagher, ACCESSORIES AFTER THE FACT, p.
42; Trask, PICTURES OF THE PAIN, p. 525. Some have disputed this
fact because, Luke Mooney, the police officer who said he had to
@ -1232,29 +1233,29 @@ probably right about the same size as Oswald's legs (see Trask,
PICTURES OF THE PAIN, p. 521). If nothing else, Oswald would
have had to slow down and negotiate his way through the narrow
entrance to the nest.</p>
<p>5. Oswald did not appear to be out of breath but was "calm and
<p>5. Oswald did not appear to be out of breath but was "calm and
collected" when Baker saw him: Meagher, ACCESSORIES AFTER THE
FACT, p. 71.</p>
<p>6. The sixth-floor shooter remained at the window for a few
<p>6. The sixth-floor shooter remained at the window for a few
seconds and then slowly withdrew the rifle as he casually moved
away from the window: Posner, CASE CLOSED, p. 248; Hurt,
REASONABLE DOUBT, p. 89; Brown, THE PEOPLE V. LEE HARVEY OSWALD,
pp. 113-117.</p>
<p>7. The foyer door (and therefore its window) would have been at a
<p>7. The foyer door (and therefore its window) would have been at a
45-degree angle to Officer Baker from his position on the
second-floor landing: Groden, THE KILLING OF A PRESIDENT, p. 121;
Weisberg, SELECTIONS FROM "WHITEWASH," p. 56; Savage, FIRST DAY
EVIDENCE, pp. 286, 289.</p>
<p>8. In two statements, Baker said Oswald was walking away from him
<p>8. In two statements, Baker said Oswald was walking away from him
when he saw him in the lunchroom, but in another statement, his
final one, Baker said he saw Oswald standing in the lunchroom,
and on the day of the shooting, Roy Truly said that Baker didn't
see Oswald until Baker "stuck his head into the lunchroom area":
Weisberg, SELECTIONS FROM "WHITEWASH," p. 54; Meagher,
ACCESSORIES AFTER THE FACT, pp. 72, 74 n.</p>
<p> Notes
<p> Notes
-----</p>
<p>1. The Warren Commission seemingly contradicted itself on exactly
<p>1. The Warren Commission seemingly contradicted itself on exactly
where Baker was when he observed Oswald in the lunchroom. On
page 151 of the WCR, we read that Baker saw Oswald in the
lunchroom AFTER Baker went through the foyer/vestibule door.
@ -1262,37 +1263,37 @@ However, on page 3 of the report, we read that Baker saw him in
the lunchroom when Baker "rushed" to the foyer door, and the
Commission's own diagram of Baker's movements likewise puts Baker
just in front of the door when he observed Oswald.</p>
<p> Bibliography
<p> Bibliography
------------
Brown, Walt, THE PEOPLE V. LEE HARVEY OSWALD, New York:
Carroll &amp; Graf Publishers, 1992.</p>
<p> Groden, Robert J., THE KILLING OF A PRESIDENT: THE COMPLETE
<p> Groden, Robert J., THE KILLING OF A PRESIDENT: THE COMPLETE
PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD OF THE JFK ASSASSINATION, THE CONSPIRACY, AND
THE COVER-UP, New York: Viking Studio Books, 1993.</p>
<p> Hurt, Henry, REASONABLE DOUBT: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE
<p> Hurt, Henry, REASONABLE DOUBT: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE
ASSASSINATION OF JOHN F. KENNEDY, New York: Holt, Rinehart,
and Winston, 1985.
Lifton, David, BEST EVIDENCE, New York: Carroll &amp; Graf, 1988</p>
<p> Marrs, Jim, CROSSFIRE: THE PLOT THAT KILLED KENNEDY, New
<p> Marrs, Jim, CROSSFIRE: THE PLOT THAT KILLED KENNEDY, New
York: Carroll &amp; Graf Publishers, 1989.</p>
<p> Meagher, Sylvia, ACCESSORIES AFTER THE FACT, New York:
<p> Meagher, Sylvia, ACCESSORIES AFTER THE FACT, New York:
Vintage Books edition, 1992.</p>
<p> Posner, Gerald, CASE CLOSED: LEE HARVEY OSWALD AND THE
<p> Posner, Gerald, CASE CLOSED: LEE HARVEY OSWALD AND THE
ASSASSINATION OF JFK, New York: Random House, 1993.</p>
<p> Savage, Gary, FIRST DAY EVIDENCE, Monroe, Louisiana: The
<p> Savage, Gary, FIRST DAY EVIDENCE, Monroe, Louisiana: The
Shoppe Press, 1993,</p>
<p> THE WARREN COMMISSION REPORT, Washington, D.C.: Government
<p> THE WARREN COMMISSION REPORT, Washington, D.C.: Government
Printing Office, 1964. I am using the Barnes &amp; Noble printing of
the report.</p>
<p> Trask, Richard, PICTURES OF THE PAIN: PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE
<p> Trask, Richard, PICTURES OF THE PAIN: PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE
ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT KENNEDY, Danvers, Massachusetts:
Yeoman Press, 1994.</p>
<p> Weisberg, Harold, NEVER AGAIN, New York: Carroll &amp; Graf
<p> Weisberg, Harold, NEVER AGAIN, New York: Carroll &amp; Graf
Publishers, 1995.</p>
<p> -----, SELECTIONS FROM "WHITEWASH," New York: Carroll &amp; Graf
<p> -----, SELECTIONS FROM "WHITEWASH," New York: Carroll &amp; Graf
Publishers, 1994.</p>
<p> -----, WHITEWASH, Hyattstown, Maryland, 1966.
<p> -----, WHITEWASH, Hyattstown, Maryland, 1966.
---------------------------------------------------------------
ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Michael T. Griffith is a two-time graduate of
@ -1303,4 +1304,5 @@ DALLAS and in DALLAS '63. (CompuServe ID: 74274650; Internet
address: mtgriff@ironrod.win-uk.net or 74274.650@compuserve.com)
</p>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> Host Element Fusion</p>
<p> Unpublished Work
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> Host Element Fusion</p>
<p> Unpublished Work
Copyright (c) 1990
Earl Laurence Lovings</p>
<p>1. Proton (1 Hydrogen 1) Energy: 938.3 Mev = 1.007825 amu
<p>1. Proton (1 Hydrogen 1) Energy: 938.3 Mev = 1.007825 amu
2. Neutron (1 Neutron 0) Energy: 939.6 Mev = 1.008665 amu
3. Deuterium (2 Hydrogen 1) = 2.014102 amu
4. [(1 Neutron 0) + (1 Hydrogen 1) - electron] =
@ -15,127 +16,128 @@ Earl Laurence Lovings</p>
1.9441763 x 10 - 03 amu
6. (105 Palladium 46) = 104.905064 amu
7. (103 Rhodium 45) = 102.905511 amu</p>
<p>The host element fusion experiment begins with a Palladium
<p>The host element fusion experiment begins with a Palladium
electrode submersed in Deuterium. A energy source is supplied,
which enables the fusion process to begin. My theory on this
subject is explained below:</p>
<p>The Deuterium atoms are allowed inside the Palladium electrode due
<p>The Deuterium atoms are allowed inside the Palladium electrode due
to the electric field on the electrode. Once the Deuterium atoms
are inside, the Deuterium causes the Palladium to become unstable.
This is done by this process:</p>
<p>[ (105 Pd 46 - (1 Neutron 0 + 1 Hydrogen 1 - electron) +
<p>[ (105 Pd 46 - (1 Neutron 0 + 1 Hydrogen 1 - electron) +
(1 Neutron 0 - 1 Hydrogen 1 + electron)] or,
[ 104.905064 amu - 2.015447128 amu + 1.9441763 x 10-03 amu] =
102.8916 amu.</p>
<p>The closest element Palladium can try to become stable is
<p>The closest element Palladium can try to become stable is
(103 Rhodium 45).</p>
<p>Take Palladium's new mass and subtract it with Rhodium's mass.
<p>Take Palladium's new mass and subtract it with Rhodium's mass.
(103 Rhodium 45) - 102.8916 amu, or
102.905511 amu - 102.8916 amu = 1.394653 x 10-02 amu.</p>
<p>To find out how many electrons that is equivalent to:
<p>To find out how many electrons that is equivalent to:
(1.394653 x 10-02 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu)/(.511 Mev/electrons) =
25.42309 electrons</p>
<p>This is the amount of electrons required to be ionized to enable
<p>This is the amount of electrons required to be ionized to enable
host element fusion with Deuterium. </p>
<p>That is the first process of host element fusion. </p>
<p>The second process begins when the ionized electrons from the
<p>That is the first process of host element fusion. </p>
<p>The second process begins when the ionized electrons from the
palladium atom shields the deuterium atoms to allow host element
fusion.</p>
<p> The Equation:</p>
<p>Q = [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) + (25.423 e) -
<p> The Equation:</p>
<p>Q = [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) + (25.423 e) -
(1877.389 Mev) + (1.811 Mev) - (2 Hydrogen 1)] x 931.5 Mev or,</p>
<p>Q = [(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu + .01394653 amu - 2.015447 amu
<p>Q = [(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu + .01394653 amu - 2.015447 amu
+ 1.944176 x 10-03 amu - 2.014102 amu)] x 931.5 Mev</p>
<p>Q = 13.55 Mev</p>
<p>You must realize for this process to work for host element fusion,
<p>Q = 13.55 Mev</p>
<p>You must realize for this process to work for host element fusion,
you have to have a host element before Deuterium will fuse.
My equation also theoretically works for known Deuterium fusion
processes.</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>1. [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1)] -&gt; (3 Helium 2) +
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>1. [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1)] -&gt; (3 Helium 2) +
(1 Neutron 0)] = or,</p>
<p> [(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu - 3.016030 amu - 1.008665 amu) x
<p> [(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu - 3.016030 amu - 1.008665 amu) x
(931.5 Mev/amu)] = Q = 3.27 Mev</p>
<p>My Equation: </p>
<p>Host Element = (3 Helium 2) + (1 Neutron 0)
<p>My Equation: </p>
<p>Host Element = (3 Helium 2) + (1 Neutron 0)
[(3 Helium 2) + (1 Neutron 0) - 1877.389 Mev + 1.811 Mev] =
[3.016030 amu + 1.008665 amu - 2.015447 amu + 1.944176x10-03 amu]
= 2.011192 amu</p>
<p>The element whose mass is closest to the new unstable "element" is
<p>The element whose mass is closest to the new unstable "element" is
(2 Hydrogen 1)</p>
<p>(2.014102 amu) - 2.011192 amu = 2.909899 x 10-03 amu excess mass
<p>(2.014102 amu) - 2.011192 amu = 2.909899 x 10-03 amu excess mass
convert to electrons</p>
<p>(2.909899 x 10-03 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu) /(.511 Mev/electrons) =
<p>(2.909899 x 10-03 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu) /(.511 Mev/electrons) =
5.304445 electrons</p>
<p>Now the fusion of Deuterium atoms
<p>Now the fusion of Deuterium atoms
[(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) + 5.30444e - 1877.389 Mev
+ 1.811 Mev - (2 Hydrogen 1)] x 931.5 Mev =
[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu + 2.909899x10-03 amu - 2.015447 amu
+ 1.944176x10-03 amu - 2.014102 amu)] x (931.5 Mev/amu)</p>
<p>Q = 3.27 Mev</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>2. [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) -&gt; (4 Helium 2)] = or,
<p>Q = 3.27 Mev</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>2. [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) -&gt; (4 Helium 2)] = or,
[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu - 4.002603 amu)] x
(931.5 Mev/amu) = Q = 23.85 Mev
My Equation: </p>
<p>Host Element = (4 Helium 2)
<p>Host Element = (4 Helium 2)
[(4 Helium 2) - 1877.389 Mev + 1.811 Mev] =
[(4.002603 amu - 2.015447 amu + 1.944176x10-03 amu)] = 1.9891 amu</p>
<p>The element whose mass is closest to the new unstable "element" is
<p>The element whose mass is closest to the new unstable "element" is
(2 Hydrogen 1)</p>
<p>(2.014102 amu) - 1.9891 amu = 2.500188 x 10-02 amu excess mass
<p>(2.014102 amu) - 1.9891 amu = 2.500188 x 10-02 amu excess mass
convert to electrons</p>
<p>(2.500188 x 10-02 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu) /(.511 Mev/electrons) =
<p>(2.500188 x 10-02 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu) /(.511 Mev/electrons) =
45.57585 electrons</p>
<p>Now the fusion of Deuterium atoms
<p>Now the fusion of Deuterium atoms
[(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) + 45.58 electrons - 1877.389 Mev
+ 1.811 Mev - (2 Hydrogen 1)] x 931.5 Mev =
[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu + 2.500188x10-02 amu - 2.015447 amu
+ 1.944176x10-03 amu - 2.014102 amu)] x (931.5 Mev/amu) =</p>
<p>Q = 23.85 Mev</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>3. [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) -&gt; (3 Hydrogen 1) +
<p>Q = 23.85 Mev</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>3. [(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) -&gt; (3 Hydrogen 1) +
(1 Hydrogen 1) = or,</p>
<p>[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu - 3.016050 amu - 1.007825 amu)] x
<p>[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu - 3.016050 amu - 1.007825 amu)] x
(931.5 Mev/amu) = Q = 4.03 Mev</p>
<p>My Equation: </p>
<p>Host Element = (3 Hydrogen 1) + (1 Hydrogen 1)
<p>My Equation: </p>
<p>Host Element = (3 Hydrogen 1) + (1 Hydrogen 1)
[(3 Hydrogen 1) + ( 1 Hydrogen 1) - 1877.389 Mev + 1.811 Mev] =
[3.016050 amu + 1.007825 amu - 2.015447 amu + 1.944176x10-03 amu]
= 2.010372 amu</p>
<p>The element whose mass is closest to the new unstable "element" is
<p>The element whose mass is closest to the new unstable "element" is
(2 Hydrogen 1)</p>
<p>(2.014102 amu - 2.010372 amu) = 3.729582x10-03 amu excess mass
<p>(2.014102 amu - 2.010372 amu) = 3.729582x10-03 amu excess mass
convert to electrons</p>
<p>(3.729582x10-03 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu)/(.511 Mev/electrons) =
<p>(3.729582x10-03 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu)/(.511 Mev/electrons) =
6.798641 electrons</p>
<p>Now the fusion of Deuterium atoms
<p>Now the fusion of Deuterium atoms
[(2 Hydrogen 1) + (2 Hydrogen 1) + 6.799 electrons - 1877.389 Mev
+ 1.811 Mev - (2 Hydrogen 1)] x 931.5 Mev =
[(2.014102 amu + 2.014102 amu + 3.7296x10-03 amu - 2.015447 amu +
1.944176x10-03 amu - 2.014102 amu)] x (931.5 Mev/amu) =
Q = 4.03 Mev</p>
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>4. [(1 Hydrogen 1) + (1 Hydrogen) -&gt; (2 Hydrogen 1) +(electron)=
<p> Known Equation:</p>
<p>4. [(1 Hydrogen 1) + (1 Hydrogen) -&gt; (2 Hydrogen 1) +(electron)=
[(1.007825 amu + 1.007825 amu - 2 electrons - 2.014102 amu)]
x (931.5 Mev/amu) = Q = .42 Mev</p>
<p>My Equation:</p>
<p>Host Element = (2 Hydrogen 1)
<p>My Equation:</p>
<p>Host Element = (2 Hydrogen 1)
[(2 Hydrogen 1) - 1877.389 Mev + 1.811 Mev] =
[(2.014102 amu - 2.015447128 amu + 1.9441763x10-03 amu)] =
5.990302x10-04 amu</p>
<p>The element whose mass is closest to the new unstable "element"
<p>The element whose mass is closest to the new unstable "element"
is (1 Hydrogen 1)</p>
<p>(1.007825 amu - 5.990302x10-03 amu) = 1.007226 amu excess mass
<p>(1.007825 amu - 5.990302x10-03 amu) = 1.007226 amu excess mass
convert to neutrinos</p>
<p>(1.007226 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu) / (.42 Mev/neutrinos) =
<p>(1.007226 amu x 931.5 Mev/amu) / (.42 Mev/neutrinos) =
2233.884 neutrinos</p>
<p>Now the fusion of 1 Hydrogen 1 atoms</p>
<p>[(1 Hydrogen 1) + (1 Hydrogen 1) + 2234 neutrinos - 2 electrons
<p>Now the fusion of 1 Hydrogen 1 atoms</p>
<p>[(1 Hydrogen 1) + (1 Hydrogen 1) + 2234 neutrinos - 2 electrons
- 1877.389 Mev + 1.811 Mev - (1 Hydrogen)] x 931.5 Mev/amu =
[(1.007825 amu + 1.007825 amu + 1.007226 amu - .001097 amu
-2.015447128 amu + 1.9441763x10-03 amu - 1.007825 amu)]
x 931.5 Mev/amu = Q = .42 Mev
</p>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
The Computational Self
by Robert M. Galatzer-Levy, M.D.
180 North Michigan Avenue
@ -9,4 +10,5 @@ CIS PPN 722551101
This is a paper original delivered at the First Annual Mathematics
and Psychoanalysis Meeting in New York, N.Y. on June 6, 1988. Any
comments are very welcome.</p>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>From: Alan Lustiger alu@pruxp.pr.att.com
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>From: Alan Lustiger alu@pruxp.pr.att.com
Newsgroups: rec.humor.funny
Subject: 25 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE "ATOM BOMB"
S4dc.13e2@looking.on.ca
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 93 4:30:03 EST
Lines: 209</p>
<p>25 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE "ATOMIC BOMB"</p>
<p>1. Is there any evidence that a thermonuclear device exploded over
<p>25 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE "ATOMIC BOMB"</p>
<p>1. Is there any evidence that a thermonuclear device exploded over
Hiroshima in 1945?</p>
<p>No, absolutely none. According to leading historians and physicists,
<p>No, absolutely none. According to leading historians and physicists,
the thermonuclear bomb was not invented until years after the supposed
detonation over Japanese territory.</p>
<p>2. Is there any evidence that a uranium-based "atom bomb" was ever dropped
<p>2. Is there any evidence that a uranium-based "atom bomb" was ever dropped
onto Nagasaki, Japan?</p>
<p>Absolutely not. While many historians and journalists made this claim
<p>Absolutely not. While many historians and journalists made this claim
in the late 40's and early 50's, everyone now agrees that no such
bomb ever exploded over Nagasaki. Yet there are some who still stubbornly
cling to this supposed "fact."</p>
<p>3. What are the materials needed to make an "atom bomb?"</p>
<p>Uranium-238 and plutonium-239.</p>
<p>4. Aren't these materials radioactive?</p>
<p>Highly so. Anybody who attempts to use these materials is endangering
<p>3. What are the materials needed to make an "atom bomb?"</p>
<p>Uranium-238 and plutonium-239.</p>
<p>4. Aren't these materials radioactive?</p>
<p>Highly so. Anybody who attempts to use these materials is endangering
his/her life.</p>
<p>5. Is it likely that nuclear scientists in the 40's would be
<p>5. Is it likely that nuclear scientists in the 40's would be
handling uranium and plutonium?</p>
<p>This would be highly unlikely. Very few people felt so threatened
<p>This would be highly unlikely. Very few people felt so threatened
by the Japanese to be willing to risk their lives on a theoretical
chance of a superbomb that could end a far-away war a little sooner.</p>
<p>6. Aren't there witnesses to the atomic bomb in Hiroshima?</p>
<p>The only "witnesses" that could possibly survived this supposed
<p>6. Aren't there witnesses to the atomic bomb in Hiroshima?</p>
<p>The only "witnesses" that could possibly survived this supposed
explosion would have been blinded by the intense flash of light,
so their testimony is quite unreliable and contradictory.</p>
<p>7. According to conventional historians, was the uranium bomb tested
<p>7. According to conventional historians, was the uranium bomb tested
before supposedly being dropped over Hiroshima?</p>
<p>No. There was no testing whatsoever of a uranium bomb in Alamogordo
<p>No. There was no testing whatsoever of a uranium bomb in Alamogordo
or anywhere else before Hiroshima.</p>
<p>8. Isn't that strange?</p>
<p>Yes. Typical weapons are tested for months and years before deployment;
<p>8. Isn't that strange?</p>
<p>Yes. Typical weapons are tested for months and years before deployment;
there is no other weapon that according to the accepted "facts" deployed
before any testing whatsoever.</p>
<p>9. How many witnesses are there for all of the atomic tests allegedly
<p>9. How many witnesses are there for all of the atomic tests allegedly
occuring during the fifties and sixties?</p>
<p>Very few, perhaps a few hundred, who claimed to have seen them.</p>
<p>10. What did the General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy
<p>Very few, perhaps a few hundred, who claimed to have seen them.</p>
<p>10. What did the General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy
Commission say in their report of October 30, 1949?</p>
<p>They recommended strongly against the development of what they
<p>They recommended strongly against the development of what they
called the "Super Bomb," which is simply a thermonuclear
bomb. They said that "A super bomb might become a weapon of
genocide."</p>
<p>11. Isn't this four years after Hiroshima and Nagasaki?</p>
<p>Yes. Obviously development of nuclear weapons occurred well
<p>11. Isn't this four years after Hiroshima and Nagasaki?</p>
<p>Yes. Obviously development of nuclear weapons occurred well
after their supposed implementation in 1945.</p>
<p>12. Is radioactivity dangerous?</p>
<p>Everything is radioactive to some extent.</p>
<p>13. What was the triggering method of the bomb that supposedly
<p>12. Is radioactivity dangerous?</p>
<p>Everything is radioactive to some extent.</p>
<p>13. What was the triggering method of the bomb that supposedly
was dropped on Hiroshima?</p>
<p>According to the standard historical accounts, it used a gun-assembly trigger.</p>
<p>14. Wasn't the gun-assembly method of triggering abandoned
<p>According to the standard historical accounts, it used a gun-assembly trigger.</p>
<p>14. Wasn't the gun-assembly method of triggering abandoned
in the design stage?</p>
<p>Yes; according to these same sources the gun method would not
<p>Yes; according to these same sources the gun method would not
work with uranium-derived plutonium-239 because some of the
plutonium-239 absorbs a neutron to become plutonium-240, which
undergoes spontaneous fission, all before supercriticality,
causing a premature and very small explosion that is unusable
for the very purpose that it was supposedly designed for!</p>
<p>15. How do conventional historians rectify these two "facts?"</p>
<p>They don't even attempt to.</p>
<p>16. How many books have been written about the atomic bomb?</p>
<p>Many hundreds, as well as thousands of articles in magazines
<p>15. How do conventional historians rectify these two "facts?"</p>
<p>They don't even attempt to.</p>
<p>16. How many books have been written about the atomic bomb?</p>
<p>Many hundreds, as well as thousands of articles in magazines
and newspapers.</p>
<p>17. Why was Hiroshima "targeted," and not Tokyo?</p>
<p>Perhaps because no one had heard of Hiroshima, and no one knew anyone
<p>17. Why was Hiroshima "targeted," and not Tokyo?</p>
<p>Perhaps because no one had heard of Hiroshima, and no one knew anyone
from there. It would be far more difficult to claim that Tokyo was bombed
than Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In fact, most world maps from before "World
War Two" do not even mention these cities at all.</p>
<p>18. How does Japan benefit from the "atom bomb" story?</p>
<p>As a direct result of the "war," Japan has received billions of dollars
<p>18. How does Japan benefit from the "atom bomb" story?</p>
<p>As a direct result of the "war," Japan has received billions of dollars
worth of US aid for its defense. Japan has essentially no defense
budget, so it can pour resources through MITI into defeating the US
economically, all while playing on the emotions of anti-"nuke" activists
about the "horrors" of nuclear weapons.</p>
<p>19. Wow, I never thought of that. How else do the Japanese
<p>19. Wow, I never thought of that. How else do the Japanese
benefit from this story?</p>
<p>The Japanese now own major Hollywood studios, from which many war
<p>The Japanese now own major Hollywood studios, from which many war
movies are produced. Also, they play upon our sympathy for the
supposed "atom bomb" to blind us to the fact that this foreign
nation had taken over our semiconductor industry, many California
banks and practically the entire state of Hawaii.</p>
<p>This is all a part of the Japanese plot to take over the world.
<p>This is all a part of the Japanese plot to take over the world.
According to the "Protocols of the Elders of the Orient," this
is a Japanese conspiracy all foretold by their ancient texts
that very few Anglo-Saxons have the ability to read.</p>
<p>19. How many people are supposed to have died in the explosions?</p>
<p>It is hard to say. Some sources say 60000 in Hiroshima, others say
<p>19. How many people are supposed to have died in the explosions?</p>
<p>It is hard to say. Some sources say 60000 in Hiroshima, others say
140000. No attempt has been made to rectify the various numbers.</p>
<p>20. How many people die annually from car accidents in the US?</p>
<p>Over 50000.</p>
<p>21. So, what makes Hiroshima so special?</p>
<p>Nothing, especially given the contradictory evidence about it.</p>
<p>22. Boy, I'm mad. What should I do about this?</p>
<p>Glad you asked. First, send me lots of money so we can spread this
<p>20. How many people die annually from car accidents in the US?</p>
<p>Over 50000.</p>
<p>21. So, what makes Hiroshima so special?</p>
<p>Nothing, especially given the contradictory evidence about it.</p>
<p>22. Boy, I'm mad. What should I do about this?</p>
<p>Glad you asked. First, send me lots of money so we can spread this
message far and wide. Maybe we'll take out ads in college newspapers
or something.</p>
<p>Second, direct your anger at the Japanese. We are the victims, and
<p>Second, direct your anger at the Japanese. We are the victims, and
they are the aggressors. Make yourself feel important again by bashing
Japan at every opportunity. Japanese people are inherently evil, and
basically subhuman. They were never bombed, and if they would have been
they would have deserved it. Who do they think they are, anyway?</p>
<p>Yes, we Revisionists have all the answers. Life is a lot simpler than
<p>Yes, we Revisionists have all the answers. Life is a lot simpler than
you thought it was. Join us, and you won't have to be bothered anymore
by any feelings of guilt for your inherent hatred. We can justify it!
Oh, it's not the Japanese you hate, but the crippled? Hey - so do we!
@ -118,8 +119,8 @@ when they were stupid enough to slip on a banana peel? IT'S A
CONSPIRACY! --See how easy it is to start? Now, just mix in a few
real facts, and start converting all of the otherwise messed-up
people to OUR CAUSE!</p>
<p>23. Wow! You mean that I could write stuff like this, too?</p>
<p>Sure! It's embarrasingly easy to write what we wrote above. In fact,
<p>23. Wow! You mean that I could write stuff like this, too?</p>
<p>Sure! It's embarrasingly easy to write what we wrote above. In fact,
it's even superior to the usual anti-Semitic revisionist garbage,
because it has a higher percentage of REAL FACTS! Most of the
apparent "contradictions" above come from the facts that Nagasaki
@ -128,24 +129,25 @@ bombs are thermonuclear, not atomic bombs. Just juggle information
about the different types of bombs and mix them up so they seem to
be contradicting each other. It doesn't take ANY INTELLIGENCE
WHATSOEVER, and you can get lots of free air time on "48 Hours"!</p>
<p>Oh, I forgot to mention: I have a Japanese girlfriend who agrees
<p>Oh, I forgot to mention: I have a Japanese girlfriend who agrees
with EVERY WORD I've written above. Here she is:</p>
<p>"Yes, I am his Japanese girlfriend. I love him very much, and I've
<p>"Yes, I am his Japanese girlfriend. I love him very much, and I've
always been troubled by my Japanese friends claiming to know people
who died in Hiroshima."</p>
<p>There you have it! Just throw some unverifiable opinions on top
<p>There you have it! Just throw some unverifiable opinions on top
of ridiculous proofs to STRENGTHEN YOUR CASE!</p>
<p>24. Couldn't I be arrested for this?</p>
<p>No! This country is founded on FREE SPEECH! But, just make sure
<p>24. Couldn't I be arrested for this?</p>
<p>No! This country is founded on FREE SPEECH! But, just make sure
that you mention how much you are being persecuted for saying
your version of history. (More than three email messages a day
qualify for being called harrassment. Five may merit a lawsuit.)</p>
<p>25. Where can I get more information?</p>
<p>Go to a library. Take a book at random. Skim it. Then, decide how
<p>25. Where can I get more information?</p>
<p>Go to a library. Take a book at random. Skim it. Then, decide how
that book is either for you or against you. If it is for you, quote
liberally and out of context. If against you, do the same.</p>
<p>DON"T LET YOURSELF GET CONFUSED BY THE FACTS! We certainly don't!</p>
<p>------------------------------------------------------------------
<p>DON"T LET YOURSELF GET CONFUSED BY THE FACTS! We certainly don't!</p>
<p>------------------------------------------------------------------
Alan LustigerINTERNET:lustiger@att.com UUCP:att!pruxp!alu
ATTMAIL:!alustiger CIS:72657366</p>
</div>
</div>
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@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>SOLDIER OF FORTUNE DIES MYSTERIOUSLY AFTER
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>SOLDIER OF FORTUNE DIES MYSTERIOUSLY AFTER
TALKING TO CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATORS</p>
<p>by Vince Bielski and Dennis Bernstein</p>
<p> A county coroner in Los Angeles has yet to announce the
<p>by Vince Bielski and Dennis Bernstein</p>
<p> A county coroner in Los Angeles has yet to announce the
cause of death of Steven Carr, a 27-year-old U.S. mercenary who
has provided Congress with much of what it knows about weapons
shipments to the contras. Had Carr lived, he was also expected to
@ -11,14 +12,14 @@ testified in federal court against 29 contra supporters allegedly
involved in cocaine trafficking, an assassination attempt on
former contra leader Eden Pastora and a scheme to kill U.S
Ambassador to Costa Rica Lewis Tambs.</p>
<p> While Detective Mel Arnold of the Los Angeles Police
<p> While Detective Mel Arnold of the Los Angeles Police
Department said the department is investigating the possibility
that Carr was murdered, at this point he said there doesn't
appear to be any evidence of "foul play." But in the days before
his death, Carr told several people that he feared he would be
assassinated. He was "very paranoid and frightened" because of
his role as a witness, Carr's sister Ann of Naples, Fla., said.</p>
<p> Here is what the police are saying about Carr's death. He
<p> Here is what the police are saying about Carr's death. He
died at 4 am on December 13 in a parking lot near his friend's
apartment in Van Nuys, Calif., where he was staying. In the
predawn hours on this Saturday morning, while his friend,
@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ coordination problems." Soon after he died from a "probable
cocaine overdose." Asked if the police found any physical
evidence of cocaine use in the area of the apartment or parking
lot, Arnold said "no comment."</p>
<p> Dan Sheehan, an attorney with the Christic Institute in
<p> Dan Sheehan, an attorney with the Christic Institute in
Washington which filed the law suit against the 29 contra
supporter, said Carr used cocaine, but called him "an educated
user." Martha Honey, a reporter for the BBC, became friends with
@ -40,12 +41,12 @@ not the type of person who would kill himself because he was
under pressure. "Stevie was a survivor. He had this ability to get
himself in trouble but he always seemed to bounce back. He had a
great sense of humor."</p>
<p> The source of his fears were not just the contra
<p> The source of his fears were not just the contra
supporters whose alleged crimes he revealed, but also the U.S.
government. Carr said that while he was in Costa Rica, U.S.
embassy officials threatened to jail him if he squealed on their
contra operation in Costa Rica.</p>
<p> In April 1985 Carr was arrested by Costa Rican authorities
<p> In April 1985 Carr was arrested by Costa Rican authorities
for violating the country's neutrality and sent to prison. Carr
was one of several mercenaries based in northern Costa Rica on
land owned and managed by a U.S. citizen and reported CIA
@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ operative named John Hull. Evidence from several sources suggests
that the contras operate what amounts to a military base on
property controlled by Hull as well as an airbase for the
movement of cocaine from Columbia into the United States.</p>
<p> While in jail, Carr spilled the beans about the contra
<p> While in jail, Carr spilled the beans about the contra
operation. To reporters, he claimed that Hull had told him that
Hull was the CIA liaison to the contras and was receiving $10000 a
month from the National Security Council to help finance the
@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ operation. Carr told Honey why he was revealing such secrets:
their mercenary activity was sanctioned by top U.S. military and
Costa Rican officials. He was extremely bitter at having been
arrested."</p>
<p> Honey compiled information from Carr and other sources into
<p> Honey compiled information from Carr and other sources into
a book focusing on the role of Hull and other contra supporters in
the May 1984 assassination attempt against Pastora in Nicaragua
in which a bomb explosion killed eight people and injured
@ -70,30 +71,30 @@ Pastora. Hull sued Honey, and her colleague Tony Avirgan, for
libel in May 1986. Carr received a subpoena to appear at the
trial, where he was to be a key witness for the reporters'
defense.</p>
<p> On May 16, Carr was released from jail. He later described
<p> On May 16, Carr was released from jail. He later described
the events which took place in his life over the course of the
next week to Honey and an U.S. congressional aide involved in an
investigation of the arms supply network to the contras.</p>
<p> Carr said that Hull bailed him out of jail as a way of
<p> Carr said that Hull bailed him out of jail as a way of
persuading him to testify on Hull's behalf. Hull requested that
Carr testify that the reporters forced him to make the charges
against Hull, Carr said.</p>
<p> That same day, Carr said he went to the U.S. embassy to
<p> That same day, Carr said he went to the U.S. embassy to
determine why he was arrested for participating in a war that the
U.S. supports. He said he met with two officials, Kirk Kotula,
the counsel general and John Jones, the acting chief of the
consulute.</p>
<p> According to Honey's notes of her conversation with Carr
<p> According to Honey's notes of her conversation with Carr
about his meeting with the officials, Carr said: "The officials
told me they knew all about Hull's contra operation and they had
me call him. He picked up the phone instantly, as if he had been
waiting for my call.</p>
<p> "They said if I go to court and testify in your behalf I'll
<p> "They said if I go to court and testify in your behalf I'll
go to jail whether I tell the truth or not. I had no choice in
the matter. The embassy told me to get the hell out of Dodge or
I'd go back to La Reforma prison. They told me that the bus to
Panama leaves at 7:30 pm and to be on it," he said.</p>
<p> Carr spent the next three days staying at Honey's house. On
<p> Carr spent the next three days staying at Honey's house. On
night of May 19, Carr left the house to visit a friend, and the
following day, the U.S. embassy told the court that Carr was in
their custody and that he would appear at the trial, Honey said.
@ -101,38 +102,38 @@ However, Carr said on May 20, following U.S. embassy orders, he
took a bus to Panama, and with the help to the U.S. embassy
there, flew to Miami a few days later. Upon his return, Carr was
put in jail in Naples, Fla., for a prior offense.</p>
<p> Kotula said he had talked with Carr, but denied the he had
<p> Kotula said he had talked with Carr, but denied the he had
threatened him or forced him to leave Costa Rica. "That's not
true, at least by me. I did not threaten him with any such thing.
I couldn't do that, what would be the possible motive. I can't
put people in jail and I can't get people out of jail.</p>
<p> "I tried to convince Steve Carr when I first met him not to
<p> "I tried to convince Steve Carr when I first met him not to
go and join up with some bunch of guys. He was nothing but a
overgrown child who had read too many John Wayne comic books."</p>
<p> Jonathan Winer, an aide to Sen. John Kerry D-Mass., said
<p> Jonathan Winer, an aide to Sen. John Kerry D-Mass., said
the Senator's office is investigating the matter. "There are
obviously some very serious questions regarding the U.S.
embassy's role in Steven Carr leaving Costa Rica," he said.</p>
<p> After Carr's return to the U.S., congressional investigators
<p> After Carr's return to the U.S., congressional investigators
said they had planned on bringing him before Congress. His
testimony, based on his participation on a March 6, 1985 arms
shipment from Fort Lauderdale to Ilogango Air Base in El
Salvador, would have linked Felix Rodriguez--the ex-CIA agent who
reportedly met with Donald Gregg, aide to Vice President George
Bush--to that weapons shipment, Sheehan said.</p>
<p> "He is the guy that can prove that the March 6
<p> "He is the guy that can prove that the March 6
shipment of weapons that flew out of the Fort Lauderdale Airport
went to Ilopango airport," said Sheehan. "He witnessed and can
identify Felix Rodriguez as the guy who off loaded the weapons to
smaller planes which were then flown to Hull's ranch in Costa
Rica."</p>
<p> In early 1986, Carr and two other eye-witnesses told federal
<p> In early 1986, Carr and two other eye-witnesses told federal
authorities that several major players in the arms supply network
were involved in the shipment, including Tom Posey, head of the
mercenary group Civilian Materiel Assistance, Robert Owen,
reportedly a liaison to fired Lt. Col. Oliver North, and Hull,
Sheehan said.</p>
<p> With no criminal indictment by October, Sheehan alleged
<p> With no criminal indictment by October, Sheehan alleged
before a congressional committee that the Justice Department had
engaged in a "willfull conspiracy...to obstruct justice....A
number of telephone calls were then placed to Mr. Kellner (the
@ -141,14 +142,14 @@ Mr. Kellner 'to proceed very, very, very slowly' in any
investigation of this case." Kellner has said he
has talked with Meese about the case, but denied Sheehan's
allegation.</p>
<p> A grand jury has recently formed in Miami to reportedly hear
<p> A grand jury has recently formed in Miami to reportedly hear
evidence about the March 6 weapons shipment. But the one person
who could have provided the grand jury with an eye-witness
account that the weapons were transported from U.S. soil to El
Salvador--evidence which is essential in making a case that the
U.S. Neutrality Act and the Arms Export Control Act were
violated--is now dead.</p>
<p> "A great deal of the information Carr provided did check
<p> "A great deal of the information Carr provided did check
out. It will now be harder for anyone to bring a prosecution with
Steven's testimony now unavailable, and I think that is very
unfortunate," Winer said.
@ -156,4 +157,5 @@ unfortunate," Winer said.
e, and I think that is very
unfortunate,"</p>
</div>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>SECRET TEAM OF WEAPONS DEALERS
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>SECRET TEAM OF WEAPONS DEALERS
by Vince Bielski</p>
<p> A "secret team" of former CIA and military officials and
<p> A "secret team" of former CIA and military officials and
arms dealers are responsible for the covert weapons shipments to
Iran and the contras under the direction of fired White House
aide Lt. Col. Oliver North.</p>
<p> Members of the "secret team" came together in the secret war
<p> Members of the "secret team" came together in the secret war
against Cuba in 1961, and have since been involved in "political
assassination" programs in Laos, Vietnam, Chile and now
Nicaragua.</p>
<p> The "secret team," through an association with known Mafia
<p> The "secret team," through an association with known Mafia
leaders, has resorted to opium and cocaine trafficking to
finance their operations.</p>
<p> Edwin Wilson, the ex-CIA operative convicted for selling
<p> Edwin Wilson, the ex-CIA operative convicted for selling
explosives to Libya's Moammar Gadhafi, was an active member.</p>
<p> These allegations are part of a lengthy affidavit filed this
<p> These allegations are part of a lengthy affidavit filed this
week in a Miami federal court in support of a law suit brought
by Dan Sheehan, an attorney with the Christic Institute in
Washington. The suit names 29 alledged operatives in the contras
arms network as defendants.</p>
<p> The suit alleges that the defendants supplied the C-4
<p> The suit alleges that the defendants supplied the C-4
explosives which were used in the May 1984 assassination attempt
against contra leader Eden Pastora in Nicaragua in which eight
people were killed and Pastora injured. The plaintiffs, Martha
Honey and Tony Avirgan, are American journalists who are sueing
for personal injuries they suffered from the bombing.</p>
<p> The Christic Institute, a church funded public interest law
<p> The Christic Institute, a church funded public interest law
firm, has taken on controversial cases in the past, such as the
suit against Kerr McGree Nuclear Corporation on behalf of Karen
Silkwood. And it was while Sheehan was defending a sanctuary
worker that he received information which led him
into the investigation of the contra arms supply opertation.</p>
<p> In March 1984, he learned from a member of the Federal
<p> In March 1984, he learned from a member of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency that FEMA had a highly secret plan to
"deputize" government and State National Guard personnel for the
purpose of interning 400000 undocumented Central
Americans in detention centers in the event that President Reagan
launched "Operation Night-train"--a military invasion into
Central America.</p>
<p> The plan also called for the distribution from U.S. military
<p> The plan also called for the distribution from U.S. military
bases of hundreds of tons of weapons to be used by newly created
State Defense Forces, composed of civilians, who would help
enforce the "State of Domestic National Emergency" during the
invasion. Sheehan learned from a Louisiana State National Guard
Colonel that a State Defense Force in Louisiana planned to give
half of the weapons it received to the contras.</p>
<p> In Miami, former U.S. military personnel and active National
<p> In Miami, former U.S. military personnel and active National
Guard units had organized a para-military organization, called
Civilian Military Assistance, to arm, train and fight with the
contras. The group, headed by Tom Posey, obtained "surplus"
military equipment from the 20th Special Forces Unit of the U.S.
Army in Alabama, Sheehan learned from a member of the group.</p>
<p> In June 1984, Sheehan was informed a man who
<p> In June 1984, Sheehan was informed a man who
working with the para-military organization in helping arm the
contras also claimed to be a "personal representative to the
Contras of...Lt. Col. Oliver North." His name is Robert Owen.</p>
<p> One year later, Sheehan began putting this information into
<p> One year later, Sheehan began putting this information into
a law suit when he learned that Posey, Owen and others
were allegedly involved in the bombing of the Pastora press
conference which caused physical and personal injury to the two
American reporters.</p>
<p> Sheehans investigation also led him to the discovery of a
<p> Sheehans investigation also led him to the discovery of a
"secret team" of former high ranking U.S. officials and officers
who oversaw the procurement and shipment of weapons to the
contras to to Iran. Through Posey, Owen and other they allegedly
@ -71,11 +72,11 @@ Shackley and Thomas Clines, ret. Air Force Gen. Richard Secord,
ex-CIA operative Edwin Wilson, and two arms dealers, Albert Hakim
(of Los Gatos) and Rafael Quintero, both of whom are U.S.
citizens.</p>
<p> In the affidavit, which cites 79 seperate sources, Sheehan
<p> In the affidavit, which cites 79 seperate sources, Sheehan
said he learned of the "secret team" from a former U.S.
intelligence officer who worked in Iran, a retired CIA officer,
and a former Air Force officer.</p>
<p> The intelligence officer discussed "the existence of a
<p> The intelligence officer discussed "the existence of a
'secret team' of former high-ranking American CIA officials,
former high-ranking U.S. military officials and Middle Eastern
arms merchants--who also specialized in the performance of covert
@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ political assassinations of communists...(and) which carried on
its own, independent, American foreign policy--regardless of the
will of Congress,...the President,...or the (CIA)," the affidavit
reads.</p>
<p> The source said the "secret team" was set up in
<p> The source said the "secret team" was set up in
1977 under the supervision of Shackley and Cline, who were then
with the CIA. Wilson worked with Gadhafi "to secretly train
Libyan anti-Shah of Iran terrorists in the use of deadly C-4
@ -91,12 +92,12 @@ explosives," the affidavit reads. Wilson's real purpose was to
gather intelligence on the anti-Shah terrorist missions, and then
pass the information to Quintero, "who was responsible for the
assassination of these Libyan terrorists,"</p>
<p> Wilson was convicted for his dealings with Gadhafi, and
<p> Wilson was convicted for his dealings with Gadhafi, and
Shackley and Clines resigned under pressure from then-CIA
director Stansfield Turner. Shackley and Clines then join with
Secord and Hakim and "went private" continuing to run their
"secret team," the affidavit reads.</p>
<p> This group--initially through the Egyptian-American
<p> This group--initially through the Egyptian-American
Transport and Service Company--was "responsible for the entire
supply of weapons...to the Contras," when the CIA wasn't directly
providing them. They began arming the contras in August 1979,
@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ after entering "into a formal contractual agreement with
Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza" despite President Carter's
order banning the sending of weapons to Somoza, the affidavit
reads.</p>
<p> The CIA took over in 1981, but when the 1984 ban on U.S.
<p> The CIA took over in 1981, but when the 1984 ban on U.S.
support went into effect, North reactivated the private
merchants. Quintero, operating through a Florida based
corporation named Orca Supply Company--a company earlier set up
@ -113,26 +114,26 @@ the contras through John Hull, a U.S. citizen, who reportedly
operates a contra base in northern Costa Rica on land he owns.
Among the delivered weapons were the explosives used in the
Pastor bombing, the CIA source said.</p>
<p> To fund the contras, the "secret team" resorted to the
<p> To fund the contras, the "secret team" resorted to the
foreign military sales scheme used in Iran in which military
equipment is bought from the U.S. government at the
manufacturer's cost and sold to Iran at replacement cost. The
profits are then laundered through front companies.</p>
<p> The Examiner reported in July that Secord, partners with
<p> The Examiner reported in July that Secord, partners with
Hakim in Standford Technology Trading Group International, was
involved in the 1981 sale of AWACS to Saudi Arabia, in which
money from that sale financed the contra operation.</p>
<p> In another report, the Examiner said the weapons were also
<p> In another report, the Examiner said the weapons were also
financed by an elaborate cocaine ring involing Columbia's largest
cocaine dealers in which the drug moves from Columbia,
through Hull's land, into the U.S at a level of one ton each
week.</p>
<p> When the Reagan Administration decided to undertake the
<p> When the Reagan Administration decided to undertake the
secret sales of arms to Iran in 1985, it was Shackley, Clines,
Hakim and Secord whom they used to carry out the mission, the
affidavit reads.</p>
<p>BACKGROUND</p>
<p> In 1961, Shackley, a CIA station chief in Miami, and his
<p>BACKGROUND</p>
<p> In 1961, Shackley, a CIA station chief in Miami, and his
deputy Clines, directed the covert war against Cuba. A special
unit formed to assassinate Castro, supervised by the "Mafia
Lieutenant Santo Trafficante," included Quintero--and Felix
@ -140,32 +141,33 @@ Rodreguez and Luis Pasada Carillo--two ex-CIA agent who
reportedly operate the contras arms network at an El Salvador air
base. Pasada was involved in the 1976 mid-air bombing
of a Cuban passenger airliner.</p>
<p> After the covert war activists were caught smuggling narcotics
<p> After the covert war activists were caught smuggling narcotics
into the U.S. from Cuba, the operation was shut down, and Shackley
and Clines were transfered to Laos, where Shackley was made CIA
Deputy Chief of Station and Clines continued as his deputy.</p>
<p> According to the affidavit, Shackley and Clines directed a
<p> According to the affidavit, Shackley and Clines directed a
secret program which trained and used Meo tribesmen "to
secretly assassinated over 100000 non-combatant village mayors,
book-keepers, clerks and other civilian bureaucrats in Laos,
Cambodia and Thailand." The operation was funded by profits from
an illegal opium trade.</p>
<p> A commander the political assassination program was ret.
<p> A commander the political assassination program was ret.
Army General John Singlaub, who has said publicly that he is
helping arm the contras. North, a Marine Corps Major at the time,
was one of Singlaub's deputies. Also involved with Shackley in
Laos was Secord, then an Air Force General, the affidavit
reads.</p>
<p> In 1971, Shackley and Clines, from their post the CIA's
<p> In 1971, Shackley and Clines, from their post the CIA's
Western Hemisphere operations, directed the "Track II" operation
in Chile which played a role in the assassination of Chilean
President Salvador Allende, the affidavit reads.</p>
<p> In 1974, the two directed the Phoenix project in Vietnam,
<p> In 1974, the two directed the Phoenix project in Vietnam,
which carried out the political assassination of some 60000 non-Viet Cong civilians in an attempt to cripple Vietnam's political
institutions.</p>
<p> "With their secret CIA anti-communist extermination program
<p> "With their secret CIA anti-communist extermination program
coming to a end,...(they) started their own private assassination
business..."</p>
<p> ) started their own private assassination
<p> ) started their own private assassination
business..."</p>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>RACISM, CONTROL, AND ROCK AND ROLL</p>
<p>By JACOB G. HORNBERGER</p>
<p>Civil rights laws are among the most repugnant forms of
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>RACISM, CONTROL, AND ROCK AND ROLL</p>
<p>By JACOB G. HORNBERGER</p>
<p>Civil rights laws are among the most repugnant forms of
political control in American society. Not only are they a
severe violation of the principles of freedom, they also have
totally failed to achieve their purported end -- the
elimination of racism in America.</p>
<p>Few intelligent people will deny that racial prejudice is
<p>Few intelligent people will deny that racial prejudice is
itself morally abhorrent. And being half-Mexican, I know from
personal experience that it is not pleasant to be at the
receiving end of prejudice against Hispanics (or half-breeds!). But does the wrongful nature of racism mean that
such social conduct should be turned over to the coercive
power of government? NO!</p>
<p>First, how can an individual be considered free if government
<p>First, how can an individual be considered free if government
officials have the power to coerce him, through fine or
imprisonment, to associate with people with whom he does not
desire to associate? It is the essence of individual liberty
to be able to choose one's friends and associates without
interference from the political authorities.</p>
<p>Moreover, the bedrock of freedom is private ownership of
<p>Moreover, the bedrock of freedom is private ownership of
property. How can a person be considered free if he can be
coerced, through fine or imprisonment, into selling what
supposedly belongs to him to a person to whom he would rather
not sell? It is the essence of private ownership of property
that a person have the right to do whatever he wants with his
own property, as long as it is peaceful.</p>
<p>Racial prejudice, of course, has long existed in American
<p>Racial prejudice, of course, has long existed in American
society. No where was this better exemplified in this century
than in the segregation laws which American politicians and
bureaucrats enforced in the 1950s. Did segregation laws
@ -37,18 +38,18 @@ and private property. Why? Because they prohibited blacks and
whites, through fine or imprisonment, from voluntarily
associating with each other in many social and business
contexts.</p>
<p>The crucial question is: Why did the politicians and
<p>The crucial question is: Why did the politicians and
bureaucrats believe that segregation laws were necessary? Why
didn't they simply leave people free to discriminate or not on
a purely private basis? Why did they force them to
discriminate with segregation laws? Because they knew that the
market process would impose tremendous financial costs on
racists and ultimately break down racial barriers in America.</p>
<p>Are there any examples of where the market, rather than the
<p>Are there any examples of where the market, rather than the
government, has accomplished this end? Yes! One of the best
examples involves one of the most controversial activities in
20th century America: rock and roll.</p>
<p>The story of rock and roll has been told in many books, among
<p>The story of rock and roll has been told in many books, among
which are You Say You Want a Revolution by Robert G. Pielke
and The Story of Rock by Carl Belz. From the very beginning,
it was the music of the young, and was hated and reviled by
@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ distasteful to adults. The animosity against rock and roll
went much deeper than that. Rock and roll shook the
foundations of values and beliefs held dear by grown-ups in
the 1950s.</p>
<p>One of the most important social teachings during that time
<p>One of the most important social teachings during that time
was that blacks were inferior to whites and, therefore, that
it was unacceptable for whites to associate with blacks. The
best example of this was found in government schools. With
@ -65,27 +66,27 @@ segregation, and the battle against integration, in government
schools, American teenagers were taught by their parents and
government officials that it was socially detestable for
whites to be with blacks.</p>
<p>Along came rock and roll and turned that teaching upside down.
<p>Along came rock and roll and turned that teaching upside down.
While rock and roll had its roots in various strands of
American music, i.e., country/western and gospel, its biggest
foundation was rhythm and blues or "race music" as it was
known in the 1950s. While whites were enjoying the sweet,
innocent sounds of the Big Bands, rhythm and blues, with its
especially strong sexual overtones, predominated among blacks.</p>
<p>It was natural for white parents to expect their children to
<p>It was natural for white parents to expect their children to
pursue their same musical interests. But it was not to be.
When Bill Haley's "Rock Around the Clock" was played in the
1955 movie, The Blackboard Jungle, a story of student protest
in a government school, rock and roll became the music of
choice for American teenagers.</p>
<p> While parents were resisting their children's growing
<p> While parents were resisting their children's growing
love for rock and roll, teenagers were listening to it on the
radio late at night (after their parents had gone to bed).
Many well-established radio stations refused to play the new
music, but teenagers would carefully search the radio band for
the few that did. (My favorite was an Oklahoma City station
more than 500 miles from my home.)</p>
<p>And along came Sam Phillips, the entrepreneur par excellence,
<p>And along came Sam Phillips, the entrepreneur par excellence,
who shook the world by looking for a white man who sang like a
black man. One day the invisible hand of the market brought
into his studio the man who would become the King of Rock and
@ -98,26 +99,26 @@ visit. At about midnight, Elvis Presley came down to the pool
and spent some time visiting with a few of us. It did not take
long to see that he was a great person and that what grown-ups
were saying about him was untrue.)</p>
<p>The white racists were furious over the trend toward rock and
<p>The white racists were furious over the trend toward rock and
roll. But not just because teenagers were rejecting their
social teaching. Well-established financial interests were
getting hurt by the market process. Radio stations which
played only the "correct" music were losing market share and,
therefore, advertising revenue.</p>
<p>There was also a tremendous upheaval in the record business.
<p>There was also a tremendous upheaval in the record business.
Small independent record companies called "indies" were
experiencing phenomenal growth rates by producing rock and
roll records. And the well-established record companies which
concentrated on the traditional music were losing a major
share of the market.</p>
<p>Rock and roll was providing a vehicle by which blacks could
<p>Rock and roll was providing a vehicle by which blacks could
out-compete whites and accumulate wealth. There were numerous
success stories; among the best known was Berry Gordy, Jr.,
and his Motown Records, who produced such rock and roll greats
as The Supremes, The Four Tops, Smokey Robinson and the
Miracles, and The Temptations. Blacks were getting wealthy,
and white racists were infuriated.</p>
<p>The market process was also bringing whites and blacks closer
<p>The market process was also bringing whites and blacks closer
together in other ways. Buddy Holly, who created some of the
most beautiful music ever written, shocked the black audience
at the Apollo Theater in New York City. (No white act had ever
@ -126,17 +127,17 @@ flocking to see Chuck Berry sing "Roll Over Beethoven,"
"Maybellene," and "Sweet Little Sixteen." And, horror of
horrors, white and black musicians were even travelling
together!</p>
<p>The world of racial separation for which adults longed in the
<p>The world of racial separation for which adults longed in the
1950s was disintegrating among their children. And it was
occurring not as a result of government coercion but in spite
of it.</p>
<p>The response of the political authorities was not amusing. In
<p>The response of the political authorities was not amusing. In
some cases, rock concerts were banned by ordinance. Musicians
were arrested on questionable charges. But the most tragic
abuse of political power came from the United States
government which, with its payola investigation, did
everything it could to destroy rock and roll.</p>
<p>Payola was a practice in which record companies would pay disc
<p>Payola was a practice in which record companies would pay disc
jockies to promote their records. Payola was well-known and
well-established in the music business and had been going on
long before the advent of radio. But U.S. Congressmen had not
@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ a composer's music. It was only when rock and roll became
popular among the youth of America that the politicians' wrath
came in the form of a Congressional investigation of an
activity that was harming no one.</p>
<p>While the political investigation cast a wide net over rock
<p>While the political investigation cast a wide net over rock
and roll, its ultimate brunt was felt by Alan Freed, a disc
jockey who was the first to coin the term "rock and roll."
Freed was one of the earliest and most successful promoters of
@ -156,10 +157,10 @@ attempt to destroy rock and roll. In one of the ugliest abuses
of political power in American history, U.S. Congressmen
brutalized and butchered Alan Freed. He died a broken man in
1965 at the age of 43.</p>
<p>But the politicians and the racists, despite their fervent
<p>But the politicians and the racists, despite their fervent
hopes and valiant efforts, have never been able to destroy
rock and roll and its wonderful influence on American culture.</p>
<p>Reliance on the market, rather than government, to break down
<p>Reliance on the market, rather than government, to break down
racial barriers ensures that the costs of racial prejudice are
self-imposed rather than externally imposed. If the racist
radio station owner, for example, chooses not to play the
@ -167,18 +168,18 @@ music of blacks, he foregoes the advertising revenue which
could be used to improve the lot of his family. He bears the
cost which his racial prejudice has induced him to impose upon
himself!</p>
<p>The market process also enables racists to vent their
<p>The market process also enables racists to vent their
prejudices by engaging in discrimination. Denying them this
opportunity does not eliminate the racism under which they
suffer; instead, it compresses it in a "pressure cooker" which
ultimately is bound to explode.</p>
<p>Rock and roll has been one of the most revolutionary cultural
<p>Rock and roll has been one of the most revolutionary cultural
phenomena in American history. It has produced some of the
world's most beautiful music. Of course, not all of its music
has been popular but that is the essence of a free society --
the legal protection of those peaceful activities which the
majority dislike.</p>
<p>But rock and roll did more than just contribute to the musical
<p>But rock and roll did more than just contribute to the musical
heritage of the world. It also sent deep and profound quakes
through some of the most wrongful beliefs of American adults.
The social upheaval began with challenges to racial prejudice
@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ and ironically a product of America's government schools.
Through the message of his music, Dylan pierced the conscience
of a generation during the most controversial war in American
history.</p>
<p>Mr. Hornberger is founder and president of The Future of
<p>Mr. Hornberger is founder and president of The Future of
Freedom Foundation, P.O. Box 9752, Denver, CO 80209.
------------------------------------------------------------
@ -198,4 +199,5 @@ PO Box 9752, Denver, Colorado 80209, 303-777-3588.
Permission granted to reprint; please give appropriate credit
and send one copy of reprinted material to the Foundation.
</p>
</div>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Subject: Corporate buyout of the Democratic Party</p>
<p>******************************
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Subject: Corporate buyout of the Democratic Party</p>
<p>******************************
&gt;From the SF Examiner, Monday July 20, 1992.
Jeff Cohen and Norman Solomon (Jeff Cohen is founder
of FAIR, a media watchdog group; Norman Solomon is
a media critic.)</p>
<p>The Takeover of the Democratic Party</p>
<p> Thousands of journalists covered the Democratic National
<p>The Takeover of the Democratic Party</p>
<p> Thousands of journalists covered the Democratic National
Convention here. Almost all of them missed the biggest
story.
The story wasn't missed because it happened in the shadows
@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ regulation. (These businesses are, after all, the folks who
underwrite the news with their advertising.)
In political reporting, corporations are treated as benign, neutral,
invisible. Their political maneuvers are generally not news.</p>
<p> It's not that journalists are oblivious to political wheeling and
<p> It's not that journalists are oblivious to political wheeling and
dealing by various groups. In the days before the convention,
political reporters scrutinized teachers unions, black activists,
senior-citizen groups, feminists, gay-rights advocates - denigrating
@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ by "alienating middle-class voters.''
With so much media focus on these relatively powerless grass-roots
groups, powerful corporations - the country's REAL special
interests - ran off with the party.</p>
<p> ITEM: Two days before the convention, a "Victory Train'' carried
<p> ITEM: Two days before the convention, a "Victory Train'' carried
congressional Democrats from Washington to New York. Accompanying
the party elite on the train ride were corporate lobbyists who
paid $10000 to $25000 for the right to mingle and shmooze.
@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ The Democratic National Committee has been raking in money from
virtually every corporate interest needing a government
favor. The message to anti-poverty or consumer-rights activists:
No need for you to come on board. You can wait at the station.</p>
<p>ITEM: The Clinton-Gore ticket represents the seizure of the
<p>ITEM: The Clinton-Gore ticket represents the seizure of the
party hierarchy by the Democratic Leadership Council, which
is typically euphemized in the media as a group of
"moderate'' Democratic politicians who want the party to
@ -58,14 +59,14 @@ The problem is that the DLC has no middle-class constituents.
It is bankrolled by - and speaks for - corporate America:
ARCO, Dow Chemical, Georgia Pacific, Martin Marietta, the
Tobacco Institute, the Petroleum Institute, etc.</p>
<p>ITEM: Clinton became the media-designated "front-runner'' in
<p>ITEM: Clinton became the media-designated "front-runner'' in
large part because he raised so much money early in the
campaign. The cash didn't come from middle-class folks.
As reported by the weekly In These Times, most of it
came from conservative business interests; investment
bankers, corporate lobbyists and Wall Street firms which
fund both major political parties.</p>
<p>ITEM: Two of Clinton's key fund-raisers were Robert Barry,
<p>ITEM: Two of Clinton's key fund-raisers were Robert Barry,
a longtime General Electric lobbyist, and Thomas H. Boggs
Jr., who ears $1.5 million a year as a lawyer-lobbyist
for the Washington firm of Patton, Boggs, and Blow.
@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ media pundit Cokie Roberts. His law firm boasts a computer
program that matches corporate donors with Congress members
who seek his help in raising money; a match depends on what
legislation is pending before Congress.</p>
<p>ITEM: The Boggs law firm also boasts partner Ron Brown,
<p>ITEM: The Boggs law firm also boasts partner Ron Brown,
chair of the Democratic Party. Some pundits have suggested
that since Brown in an African-American, the Clinton-Gore
ticket has less need of Jesse Jackson to mobilize the
@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ with corporate boardrooms and government corridors than
grass-roots organizing. His clients have included an
array of U.S. and foreign business interests, as well as
the regime of Haitian dictator Jean Claude Duvalier.</p>
<p> When Jerry Brown spent his campaign denouncing
<p> When Jerry Brown spent his campaign denouncing
"Washington sleaze,'' he was referring to these kinds of
cozy corporate-government relations.
But mainstream media have demonstrated far less animus
@ -93,8 +94,9 @@ convention as "disruptive,'' "egotistical'' and a
"party pooper.''
Aided by this media slant, corporate insiders are
laughing all the way to the bank.</p>
<p>This is the real problem with our "democracy" - the voters have
<p>This is the real problem with our "democracy" - the voters have
very little influence over the choices. Those decisions have
already been made for us. We should feel glad about it, now
we don't have to make the difficult decisions...</p>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Subject: Conspiracy for the Day -- November 3, 1993
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Subject: Conspiracy for the Day -- November 3, 1993
From: bfrg9732@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Brian F. Redman)
Date: 3 Nov 1993 00:02:07 GMT</p>
<p> Conspiracy for the Day -- November 3, 1993
<p> Conspiracy for the Day -- November 3, 1993
=============================================
("Quid coniuratio est?")</p>
<p>The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate":
<p>The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate":
The CIA and Mind Control
by John Marks
[Excerpts]</p>
<p>By the 1950s, most "Americans knew something about the famous
<p>By the 1950s, most "Americans knew something about the famous
trial of the Hungarian Josef Cardinal Mindszenty, at which the
Cardinal appeared zombielike, as though drugged or hypnotized.
Other defendants at Soviet 'show trials' had displayed similar
@ -19,23 +20,23 @@ cliche-ridden monotones. Americans were familiar with the idea
that the communists had ways to control hapless people, and [the
term 'brainwashing'] helped pull together the unsettling evidence
into one sharp fear."</p>
<p>Many Americans "saw the confessions as proof that the communists
<p>Many Americans "saw the confessions as proof that the communists
now had techniques 'to put a man's mind in a fog so that he will
mistake what is true for what is untrue, what is right for what
is wrong, and come to believe what did not happen actually had
happened, until he ultimately becomes a robot.'"</p>
<p>"Given the incontrovertible evidence that the Russians and the
<p>"Given the incontrovertible evidence that the Russians and the
Chinese could, in a very short time and often under difficult
circumstances, alter the basic belief and behavior patterns of
both domestic and foreign captives, [it was argued that] there
must be a technique involved that would yield its secrets under
objective investigation."</p>
<p>Harold Wolff and Lawrence Hinkle "became the chief brainwashing
<p>Harold Wolff and Lawrence Hinkle "became the chief brainwashing
studiers for the U.S. government... Their secret report to [CIA
chief] Allen Dulles, later published in a declassified version,
was considered the definitive U.S. Government work on the
subject."</p>
<p>"The CIA built up its own elaborate brainwashing program
<p>"The CIA built up its own elaborate brainwashing program
[which]... took its own special twist from our national
character. It was a tiny replica of the Manhattan Project,
grounded in the conviction that the keys to brainwashing lay in
@ -43,12 +44,12 @@ technology. Agency officials hoped to use old-fashioned American
know-how to produce shortcuts and scientific breakthroughs... The
Agency's brainwashing experts gravitated to people more in the
mold of the brilliant -- and sometimes mad -- scientist."</p>
<p>CIA officials began to look for scientists and guinea pigs. "Some
<p>CIA officials began to look for scientists and guinea pigs. "Some
of their experiments would wander so far across the ethical
borders of experimental psychiatry (which are hazy in their own
right) that Agency officials thought it prudent to have much of
the work done outside the United States."</p>
<p>Montreal hospital. One of Cameron's projects was an attempt to
<p>Montreal hospital. One of Cameron's projects was an attempt to
"depattern" experimental subjects. "Cameron defined
'depatterning' as breaking up existing patterns of behavior... by
means of particularly intensive electroshocks, usually combined
@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ with prolonged, drug-induced sleep... Cameron claimed he could
generate 'differential amnesia.' Creating such a state in which a
man who knew too much could be made to forget had long been a
prime objective [of CIA] programs."</p>
<p>Cameron's depatterning "normally started with 15 to 30 days of
<p>Cameron's depatterning "normally started with 15 to 30 days of
'sleep therapy.' As the name implies, the patient slept almost
the whole day and night. According to a doctor at the hospital
who used to administer what he calls the 'sleep cocktail,' a
@ -70,13 +71,13 @@ single dose of 110 volts, lasting a fraction of a second, once a
day or every other day. By contrast, Cameron used a form 20 to 40
times more intense, two or three times daily, with the power
turned up to 150 volts."</p>
<p>"The frequent screams of patients that echoed through the
<p>"The frequent screams of patients that echoed through the
hospital did not deter Cameron or most of his associates in their
attempts to 'depattern' their subjects completely. Other hospital
patients report being petrified by the 'sleep rooms,' where the
treatment took place, and they would usually creep down the
opposite side of the hall."</p>
<p>"The Agency sent the psychiatrist research money to take the
<p>"The Agency sent the psychiatrist research money to take the
treatment *beyond this point*. Agency officials wanted to know
if, once Cameron had produced a blank mind, he could then program
in new patterns of behavior, as he claimed he could. As early as
@ -84,13 +85,13 @@ in new patterns of behavior, as he claimed he could. As early as
-- Cameron conceived a technique he called 'psychic driving,' by
which he would bombard the subject with repeated verbal
messages."</p>
<p>The CIA continued to fund Cameron's research. Then, in 1964, he
<p>The CIA continued to fund Cameron's research. Then, in 1964, he
retired abruptly. "His successor, Dr. Robert Cleghorn, made a
virtually unprecedented move in the academic world of mutual
back-scratching and praise. He commissioned a psychiatrist and a
psychologist, unconnected to Cameron, to study his electroshock
work."</p>
<p>"The study-team members couched their report in densely academic
<p>"The study-team members couched their report in densely academic
jargon, but one of them speaks more clearly now. He talks
bitterly of one of Cameron's former patients who needs to keep a
list of her simplest household chores to remember how to do
@ -101,14 +102,14 @@ implications of his work... God, we talk about concentration
camps. I don't want to make this comparison, but God, you talk
about ''we didn't know it was happening,'' and it was -- right in
our back yard.'"</p>
<p>"It cannot be said how many -- if any -- other Agency</p>
<p>Details are scarce, since many of the principal witnesses have
<p>"It cannot be said how many -- if any -- other Agency</p>
<p>Details are scarce, since many of the principal witnesses have
died, will not talk about what went on, or lie about it. In what
ways the CIA applied work like Cameron's is not known. What is
known, however, is that the intelligence community, including the
CIA, changed the face of the scientific community during the
1950s and early 1960s by its interest in such experiments."</p>
<p>-!---------------------------------------------------------------
<p>-!---------------------------------------------------------------
Today's conspiracy brought to you by.......
Brian Francis Redman
@ -121,4 +122,5 @@ Brian Francis Redman
:...................:
(bfrg9732@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu) (72567.3145@compuserve.com)
</p>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> THE COWTOWN CONNECTION
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> THE COWTOWN CONNECTION
by
M. Duke Lane
(CIS ID: 760042356)</p>
<p>Harold Weisberg once said about his Whitewash works that "there are no
<p>Harold Weisberg once said about his Whitewash works that "there are no
theories in my books... they're factual."[1] The sentiment about factuality
has been echoed by many respectable researchers, who insist that "the Kennedy
case ought to be treated as a homicide, which is what it is." Aren't we
@ -13,13 +14,13 @@ the evidence, new and old, holding it to the constraints of our legal system?
A common refrain, after all, is that the Warren Commission's investigation
and "conviction" of Lee Oswald would never have held up in a true adversarial
judicial proceeding.</p>
<p>Interestingly, we don't seem to hold ourselves to the same constraints. If
<p>Interestingly, we don't seem to hold ourselves to the same constraints. If
one researcher discovers something, even in error, we are apparently
permitted to cite that person's work, without certification, as established
fact. Many people complain when their own theories are held up to the same
critical light as we hold the official investigations, as if we aren't
beholden to the same burden of proof we assign them.</p>
<p>There has even been recent argument on both sides of this issue regarding
<p>There has even been recent argument on both sides of this issue regarding
whether researchers' conclusions ought to be held up to critical peer review
or whether we should be allowed to follow our intuition and reach reasonable
conclusions... which can't be anything more than speculation, by
@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ investigation as "fact" is exemplified by Robert Morrow's recently published
First Hand Knowledge (FHK),[3] in which he suggests that an apparent CIA
operative was detained in Fort Worth only a couple of hours after Kennedy's
assassination.</p>
<p>FHK is, by most people's estimation, a reprint of Morrow's earlier Betrayal,
<p>FHK is, by most people's estimation, a reprint of Morrow's earlier Betrayal,
this time, however, naming names and adding new information. One piece of
this "new information" is that an "unidentified suspect" taken into custody
in Fort Worth, 30 miles west of Dallas, was, in fact, David Atlee Phillips, a
@ -38,20 +39,20 @@ purportedly visiting Soviet and Cuban embassies in that city, and/or the
Bay of Pigs operation. What, the reader must wonder, was this man--of all
people--doing in that place at that time? This is information with curious
implications indeed!</p>
<p>As evidence of Phillips' apparent complicity in the murder, Morrow includes a
<p>As evidence of Phillips' apparent complicity in the murder, Morrow includes a
photo of Phillips beside the House Assassinations Committee's sketch of
"Bishop," which many researchers agree look strikingly similar. The photo is
included with the Phillips and "Bishop" pictures. The man, Morrow asserts,
bears an "uncanny resemblance" to Phillips/Bishop. Even while the angles of
the men's faces are different, making a direct comparison difficult if not
impossible, there does indeed appear to be a resemblance between them.</p>
<p>What was Phillips/Bishop doing in Fort Worth? The reader is left to wonder,
<p>What was Phillips/Bishop doing in Fort Worth? The reader is left to wonder,
for Morrow cites Gary Shaw and Larry Ray Harris' Cover-Up[4] to state that no
record of this man's arrest exists and, in fact, the negatives of the
pictures taken of the arrest have disappeared from the files of The Fort
Worth Star-Telegram. Who but the government could manage such an obvious
cover-up, one must wonder. Who indeed?</p>
<p>Since I live near Fort Worth, I decided to look into this. This article will
<p>Since I live near Fort Worth, I decided to look into this. This article will
take the reader roughly through the steps of my investigation into this
question. In the end, we will find that not only was Morrow "reaching," but
also that previous information was incomplete at best. While I cannot
@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ episode or the Kennedy hit, it is quite clear that he was NOT the man in the
photo Morrow uses to implicate him. This is perhaps an abject lesson for the
reader not to take everything he reads at face value, no matter what the
credentials of an author may seem to be....</p>
<p>Let us pause for a moment to consider Morrow's works. Morrow, as we know,
<p>Let us pause for a moment to consider Morrow's works. Morrow, as we know,
claims to be a former CIA contract agent who supposedly delivered four
Mannlicher-Carcano 7.65mm rifles to David Ferrie for what he later
determined to be the JFK assassination, one of which he says he kept. In both
@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ Ferrie, who of course, cannot confirm or deny Morrow's allegation since he is
dead. Nor can Morrow's CIA connection be affirmed or refuted; we have no
choice but to either take the man at his word or not, since it is impossible
to prove one way or the other. That is simply the nature of the beast.</p>
<p>Likewise, we can either believe or disbelieve his accounts of the various
<p>Likewise, we can either believe or disbelieve his accounts of the various
newly-named people's involvement in the planning, execution and/or cover-up
of the assassination. Certainly, the dust jacket overview and the author's
own preface to his new book paint a reasonably credible picture of the man
@ -79,13 +80,13 @@ murder, how is it that Morrow can publicly come forward with an admission of
having participated in the most notorious murder of our time? Even aside from
prosecution, surely one must wonder at what repercussions he might suffer at
the hands of those whom he names as his accomplices, including the CIA.</p>
<p>These questions are handled adroitly enough even before the reader reaches
<p>These questions are handled adroitly enough even before the reader reaches
the book's introduction. "Mr Morrow," the dust jacket states, "has now come
forward with the truth because he believes the danger to his family is
reduced due to the impending release of the Congressional files on the
assassination," thereby assuring us that Morrow doesn't expect to become
another "mysterious death."</p>
<p>But what of the others he names? His own preface makes this clear: "More than
<p>But what of the others he names? His own preface makes this clear: "More than
half the characters about to come to life on these pages have already been
put to death, tortured, exiled or silenced in strange and horrible ways."
They are either dead or otherwise will not rise to their own defense against
@ -99,16 +100,16 @@ either been "put to death, tortured, exiled or silenced in strange and
horrible ways." The other half, we may reasonably conclude, have but bit
parts in Morrow's narrative, and aren't connected with the assassination, and
so have nothing to "fear."</p>
<p>Returning to the question of Phillips (or Bishop) having been arrested in
<p>Returning to the question of Phillips (or Bishop) having been arrested in
Fort Worth, we must bear these factors in mind. Gary Shaw and Larry Harris
have already told us that no record of the arrest exists and that negatives
of the photographs taken of this man have "disappeared" from the
Star-Telegram's files. Morrow has only added to the mystery by connecting the
CIA to this man, a factor which can apparently not be proven nor disproven.
Or can it?</p>
<p>Tom Tilson Tells Tall Tales
<p>Tom Tilson Tells Tall Tales
===========================</p>
<p>One of the first things I was curious about was whether this arrest had any
<p>One of the first things I was curious about was whether this arrest had any
connection to the black sedan chase so often related to the events in Dealey
Plaza. This connection was bolstered by an article which appeared the day
after the assassination in The Dallas Morning News which told of a man having
@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ been arrested in Fort Worth because he was said to be driving a car "linked
to the slayer."[6] Fort Worth was the apparent destination of the driver of
the black sedan headed westbound on the DFW Turnpike and chased by an
off-duty Dallas policeman.</p>
<p>This incident was first reported by Earl Golz in The Dallas Morning News[7]
<p>This incident was first reported by Earl Golz in The Dallas Morning News[7]
nearly twenty years after the fact, and repeated by Jim Marrs in
Crossfire,[8] to which the reader is referred for additional information. In
addition, rumblings of a car having been found abandoned in Fort Worth later
@ -124,14 +125,14 @@ in the day_naturally tied to the "black car chase"_raised even more
interesting possibilities. Was the man in the FHK photo the same one who
off-duty officer Tom Tilson chased from Dealey Plaza, and who may
subsequently have abandoned the car before having been arrested?</p>
<p>Unequivocally not. To begin with, it is apparent that there never was a car,
<p>Unequivocally not. To begin with, it is apparent that there never was a car,
black or otherwise, where Tilson claimed he initially saw it. His interview
with Golz clearly states that he was driving along Commerce Street just
beyond the Stemmons Freeway bridge but not yet as far as the Triple Underpass
(the railroad bridge) when he saw a man run down the bridge abutment, toss a
long object (a rifle?) into the back seat, run around to jump into the
driver's seat and take off.</p>
<p>According to his daughter who was riding with him, "seconds before she saw
<p>According to his daughter who was riding with him, "seconds before she saw
the fleeing man, the presidential limousine had just sped past his parked car
on the grass... and the limousine was turning onto Stemmons Freeway."[9] This
time roughly corresponds to the time that Mel McIntire took two photographs
@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ is there a "parked car on the grass." With the rest of the motorcade still in
Dealey Plaza, it is impossible that a car could have gotten to that spot in
time for Tilson to have seen it before passing under the Triple Underpass. It
simply wasn't there.</p>
<p>Moreover, photographic evidence belies Tilson's claim that "everyone was
<p>Moreover, photographic evidence belies Tilson's claim that "everyone was
jumping out of their cars pulling up on the median strip" in the plaza as he
saw the man running down the abutment and jumping into his car.[11] Of the
many photographs taken in DP, none show "everyone... jumping out of their
@ -150,24 +151,24 @@ median even long after the motorcade had left the plaza, much less when
Tilson claims they were (before the press bus had even reached the
Underpass). Obviously, Tilson has never looked at any pictures of the
assassination and aftermath before.</p>
<p>If that doesn't prove the lie, then consider that the Dallas Police
<p>If that doesn't prove the lie, then consider that the Dallas Police
Department (DPD) recorded and investigated, however cursorily, quite a number
of reports about suspicious cars in the Dallas area that afternoon.[12] Yet,
according to Tilson, his own compatriots decided to ignore his report because
"if you didn't have a big white hat on, they didn't even want you in the
office."[13] Does it make sense that detectives will credit and investigate
reports from ordinary citizens, yet ignore one from "one of their own?"</p>
<p>Also, is it credible that a fleeing assassin would drive a dozen or so blocks
<p>Also, is it credible that a fleeing assassin would drive a dozen or so blocks
through city streets to get on a highway when there was and is an entrance
ramp onto the same highway, going in the same direction, within 100 yards of
where his car was supposedly parked and immediately to the left of the
Stemmons Freeway entrance taken by the motorcade? I think not.</p>
<p>If Tilson's story is a fabrication, however, that doesn't preclude that a car
<p>If Tilson's story is a fabrication, however, that doesn't preclude that a car
was found abandoned in Fort Worth, and in fact, one was. Almost by accident,
I met a retired Fort Worth police officer, WD Roberts, who had called in a
report of an abandoned and presumably stolen car only a few minutes after the
time that Kennedy was being shot thirty miles away.[14]</p>
<p>Officer Roberts, who is now retired from the force, was on patrol in the
<p>Officer Roberts, who is now retired from the force, was on patrol in the
Riverside section of east Fort Worth and had come across the vehicle. He
called it in to the dispatcher at about 12:45 to 1:00. (It was later
determined to have been stolen in Houston the previous week.) Roberts is
@ -176,9 +177,9 @@ sedan"), but only recalls it as being "a light color, perhaps even
two-toned." Since it had been parked there for a number of days, we can
reasonably conclude that it was not related to the JFK murder, thereby
removing it from consideration in relation to the arrest in question.</p>
<p>If At First You Don't Succeed...
<p>If At First You Don't Succeed...
================================</p>
<p>Between the apparent fact that Tom Tilson's black sedan never existed and
<p>Between the apparent fact that Tom Tilson's black sedan never existed and
that the car found abandoned in Fort Worth wasn't connected to this
pseudo-event, it was quite certain that this avenue of inquiry would not lead
to a conclusion about the photo in FHK. Who, then, was the man in the photo,
@ -186,14 +187,14 @@ and what could be learned about him? After all, he could be just about
anyone: how can an unidentified man be found thirty years later from his
image that is bound to have changed in the interim? There are more than two
million people in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex; where and how do you begin?</p>
<p>As anyone can see, there are in fact two men in the photograph: the
<p>As anyone can see, there are in fact two men in the photograph: the
"unidentified suspect" and a police officer. Since nobody'd had any luck
finding out about the arrest from official files, I reasoned, the next-best
way would seem to be to find out what the arresting officer could remember.
And if you're trying to find out who a cop is, who're the best people to ask?
Naturally, other cops who may have worked with him. I decided to check with
Fort Worth police.</p>
<p>Identifying the officer in the photo proved not as easy as I'd thought, since
<p>Identifying the officer in the photo proved not as easy as I'd thought, since
in the course of less than two hours, I'd gotten no less than four "positive
identifications" of the man from nearly a dozen of his fellow officers,
including the Assistant Chief of Police. Only one of them, as it turned out,
@ -201,14 +202,14 @@ was correct. This should be instructive to anyone who attempts to identify a
person based upon the recollection of only one or two of his
contemporaries... even if they're trained observers, as police are frequently
termed.</p>
<p>The officer who found the abandoned car mentioned earlier, WD Roberts, also
<p>The officer who found the abandoned car mentioned earlier, WD Roberts, also
turned out to be the arresting officer in the case of Donald Wayne House,
which many readers are familiar with. For the sake of those who aren't and
for putting Roberts' observations and impressions on the record (since
nobody's ever asked him about this before), we'll once again depart our main
focus on the FHK photo to recap the story of this arrest; interestingly, it
will lead us directly back to the photo.</p>
<p>In addition to the brief mention of the "2-city manhunt" in The Dallas
<p>In addition to the brief mention of the "2-city manhunt" in The Dallas
Morning News on the morning after the assassination, there was one (and only
one) other account of someone being arrested in Fort Worth. It appeared in
The Fort Worth Star-Telegram the day after the assassination, and related
@ -218,16 +219,16 @@ name, it did indicate that he was from Ranger, a small town southwest of Fort
Worth. It also identified the arresting officers (WD Roberts and BG Whistler)
and noted that the man had been arrested in the 3400 block of East Belknap
Street in the city.</p>
<p>Reconstructing this arrest from a variety of sources, it happened something
<p>Reconstructing this arrest from a variety of sources, it happened something
like this:</p>
<p>On the morning of November 22, Donald Wayne House left his home in Ranger, TX
<p>On the morning of November 22, Donald Wayne House left his home in Ranger, TX
bound for Mesquite (a Dallas suburb) to visit an old Army buddy, Randall
Hunsaker.[16] He had parked his car in a lot on Commerce Street at about
10:30[17] and called Hunsaker, who was apparently not home. Hearing that JFK
was due to ride through downtown, he decided to get a glimpse of Kennedy,
whom he says he had long admired.[18] After the motorcade had passed, he
headed toward Fort Worth on the DFW Turnpike to visit a cousin.[19]</p>
<p>Along the way, House says he stopped for gas at a station in Grand Prairie,
<p>Along the way, House says he stopped for gas at a station in Grand Prairie,
where two women who had heard about the assassination asked him if he knew
anything more about it. House told them that he'd heard the alleged
assassin's description, which he then related to the women. The description
@ -236,21 +237,21 @@ clearly seen in photos taken of him that day except that House is much
shorter than Oswald.[20] It is also possible that the women had heard the
description themselves and felt that House matched it closely enough to
arouse their suspicions.</p>
<p>One of the two women he spoke with was apparently the "Mrs Cunningham"
<p>One of the two women he spoke with was apparently the "Mrs Cunningham"
identified in Dallas County Deputy Sheriff JC Watson's report who called the
Grand Prairie PD after House had left the filling station. The Grand Prairie
PD then notified the Dallas County sheriffs, who in turn made a general
broadcast including his description and that of his car and its license plate
number at 1:35 pm. A "short while" later Tarrant County officials notified
sheriffs that the car and driver had been taken into custody.[21]</p>
<p>The green and white Ford was heading westbound on the DFW Turnpike toward
<p>The green and white Ford was heading westbound on the DFW Turnpike toward
Fort Worth.[22] At about the same time or just shortly after the Sheriff's
broadcast had gone out, FWPD officer WD Roberts had pulled into the Shady
Oaks Drive-in on Riverside Drive just after having called in his report of
the abandoned car. While waiting for a cup of coffee, he happened to glance
in his mirror and noticed the car going by. He took off after it, leaving the
carhop standing there with his order in hand.[23]</p>
<p>Roberts called into FWPD dispatch to verify House's license plate number, and
<p>Roberts called into FWPD dispatch to verify House's license plate number, and
because he was driving an underpowered cruiser, he also requested assistance
in case the driver attempted to evade him.[24] Officer BG Whistler, who was
patrolling an adjoining sector, sped to his assistance and met up with him a
@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ short distance away at the "Five Points" intersection of East Belknap and
Bonnie Brae;[25] officer BL Harbour also fell in behind Whistler.[26] Upon
seeing he had assistance, Roberts notified dispatch that he was going to
"curb" the car.[27]</p>
<p>Roberts pulled around House and forced him to pull over in the 3400 block of
<p>Roberts pulled around House and forced him to pull over in the 3400 block of
East Belknap Street near Sylvania Park; Whistler came up behind House, got
out of his squad car, and trained his shotgun on House, telling him to get
out of the car and keep his hands where they could be seen. Roberts frisked
@ -270,25 +271,25 @@ joined Whistler in the latter's car and the two transported the prisoner to
city hall where they were photographed by newsmen.[29] Wood accompanied these
officers to city hall on his motorcycle[30] while Roberts remained behind to
secure the scene and inventory the vehicle.[31]</p>
<p>All of the officers involved described the arrest as "odd" because, during
<p>All of the officers involved described the arrest as "odd" because, during
all of this time, House never said a word. Roberts in particular thought so,
and "couldn't imagine how you could pull a man out of his car, frisk him,
handcuff him and put him in the back of a patrol car in a matter of just
seconds, all the time with a shotgun aimed at him and he never even asked why
he was being arrested!"[32]</p>
<p>Roberts' account was confirmed by Whistler, who added that Lt Wood had
<p>Roberts' account was confirmed by Whistler, who added that Lt Wood had
instructed them not to ask House any questions or make any statements to him,
but to "leave that to the Feds," who had apparently been notified to meet the
officers at city hall.[33] House's arrest report also indicated that "the
subject never once appeared nervous and in fact he was unusually calm," and
that he had never asked the officers why he was being arrested or taken into
jail.</p>
<p>Among the police, only Wood's account differed. He told a reporter that House
<p>Among the police, only Wood's account differed. He told a reporter that House
was "hysterical" and that "the guy stuttered, he was so scared he couldn't
get a single word out, no matter how long he tried,"[34] descriptions the
arresting officers adamantly denied. In Wood's defense, however, that
recollection was nearly twenty years old by the time it was made.</p>
<p>(House's own account of it, published ten months after his arrest, says that
<p>(House's own account of it, published ten months after his arrest, says that
he'd asked why he was being arrested and was told by officers "You're being
arrested for the assassination of President Kennedy,"[35] which also
contradicts the officers' statements. I consider this to be a relatively
@ -296,7 +297,7 @@ minor point since House was "in the spotlight" during the interview and may
have tended to meld details. He was undoubtedly told at some time why he'd
been brought in; whether it was before or after he arrived at city hall seems
more a matter of how he told the story than how it actually happened.)</p>
<p>Another oddity, Roberts recalled, was that House's car was "absolutely
<p>Another oddity, Roberts recalled, was that House's car was "absolutely
spotless, there wasn't even a slip of paper in the glove box," although he
found an empty dynamite box in the trunk, which House claimed to have been
using as a tool chest[36] (Wood, in his account, said that "we found several
@ -304,7 +305,7 @@ boxes of dynamite in the back seat,"[37] which the arresting officers also
disputed). Roberts was surprised to learn that House supposedly junked the
car a short while later[38], saying that he couldn't imagine why he did since
the car was "immaculate."</p>
<p>House was transported to city hall (which also housed police headquarters at
<p>House was transported to city hall (which also housed police headquarters at
the time) by Officers Whistler and Harbour, and photographs[39] show the two
taking him inside. House was then put in the "shakedown" room and searched,
where the only belongings that were recorded having been taken from him was a
@ -312,13 +313,13 @@ wallet containing $23 in cash and a knife.[40] According to House, he was
interrogated by federal officers for three hours and remained alone in his
cell for another hour before being cleared and released,[41] although the jail
report indicates the time was slightly shorter.[42]</p>
<p>Another apparent "oddity" came up when Roberts also recalled that, when he
<p>Another apparent "oddity" came up when Roberts also recalled that, when he
arrived at city hall later in the day, he had gone to the chief's secretary
to dictate his report. About midway into his report, he says, the chief came
in and told him "not to bother" completing his report, that the man had
already been cleared by the Feds.[43] Whistler also did not recall writing a
report, corroborating Roberts' memory.</p>
<p>Again, there is nothing "sinister" about this. The official record of federal
<p>Again, there is nothing "sinister" about this. The official record of federal
agents interviewing him exists, and was published by the Warren
Commission.[44] I was also able to find an arrest report for House on file
that was compiled from "information from" the two arresting officers and BL
@ -327,9 +328,9 @@ however, signed by the officers which is why I believe they don't remember
having filed it since, in reality, it was typed and filed after they'd
recounted the details of the arrest to the clerk. Considering the commotion
of the afternoon, it is hardly surprising that this occurred.</p>
<p>A Second Arrest in Fort Worth
<p>A Second Arrest in Fort Worth
=============================</p>
<p>While there is a relative wealth of information about Donald Wayne House
<p>While there is a relative wealth of information about Donald Wayne House
available, as we've already learned, nothing was known about the second man
who is pictured in FHK. As I've already noted, in Cover-Up, Shaw and Harris
relate that "a second Fort Worth arrest was made at the same time House was
@ -340,7 +341,7 @@ also in Cover-Up] are now missing from the newspaper's files."[45] Morrow
added his opinion that the man looked like someone associated with the CIA
and/or the Bay of Pigs operation. It all sounds very mysterious, almost
sinister.</p>
<p>None of the newspaper articles around that period provide any indication of
<p>None of the newspaper articles around that period provide any indication of
who this man was, and no account of this second arrest appeared in any of the
local papers. None of the photos were published by local newspapers, although
there were at least four other photos taken of him in addition to the one in
@ -349,7 +350,7 @@ taken from the FWPD patrol car by Lt Wood, and a third on file at the
Star-Telegram offices depicts him being led by Wood and another officer (the
same one in the FHK photo) into city hall; two others show the back of the
man and the arresting officers as they entered the building.</p>
<p>Neither of the two photos in Cover-Up (one of which is the one in FHK) were
<p>Neither of the two photos in Cover-Up (one of which is the one in FHK) were
taken by Star-Telegram photographers, which explains why the negatives are
not on file there. Most likely, they were taken by its rival newspaper, The
Fort Worth Press, which ceased printing in May 1976 (although a new weekly
@ -359,7 +360,7 @@ but I was able to find photos on contact sheets (positives made directly from
the film strips) there, and most did indeed have negatives available. The
photo archives of the Press are said to be in private hands, so I have as yet
been unable to view whatever remains of them.</p>
<p>Some people have suggested that the Star-Telegram's negatives may have been
<p>Some people have suggested that the Star-Telegram's negatives may have been
removed by the FBI as part of its official investigation, but there is no
evidence that this is the case. Some Star-Telegram staffers thought this
might be so, but the director of the photo archives told me that it is much
@ -368,7 +369,7 @@ after realizing that they may have some historical value. "We don't polygraph
them to make sure they do," he said. In any case, they were not removed by
any official body as part of either an investigation or a cover-up, nor most
certainly, to protect David Phillips.</p>
<p>While negatives are not available for a number of photos, there is nothing
<p>While negatives are not available for a number of photos, there is nothing
particularly noteworthy about the ones that are missing versus those that are
not. In my estimation, it doesn't appear there is any cause to claim a
cleanup of "incriminating" photos, and certainly not with regard to this
@ -376,7 +377,7 @@ particular arrest, since, as we shall soon see, the man had nothing to do
with either the assassination or the government. The photos on the contact
sheets can generally be viewed by the public on request, although it isn't
always easy to get copies of them.</p>
<p>The contact sheets turned out to be the solution to the question of who the
<p>The contact sheets turned out to be the solution to the question of who the
officer in the FHK photo actually was since, in one of the photos, I was able
to read the name plate on one of the men in one of the contact sheet photos:
it read "HW Sinclair," one of the four officers named by his associates.
@ -387,13 +388,13 @@ years and looks very much the same as he did the day the photo was taken.
Both he and his wife positively identified him in the FHK photo, and also
identified Lt Lawrence Wood as the man with him in a photocopy I'd been able
to make of a Star-Telegram photo showing both officers.</p>
<p>(Two of the other officers who had been identified later called me and
<p>(Two of the other officers who had been identified later called me and
identified Sinclair as well. It is also worth noting that, in head-on photos
of the man in custody, the similarity between him and "Maurice Bishop" and/or
David Atlee Phillips is no longer evident. One such photo can be seen in Shaw
and Harris' Cover-Up,[47] and another is on file at The Fort Worth
Star-Telegram.)</p>
<p>Sinclair is a private man and wouldn't allow our interview to be taped. He
<p>Sinclair is a private man and wouldn't allow our interview to be taped. He
was, however, very forthcoming in his recollections of that period. In
addition to arresting the man in the picture, Sinclair had also performed
security at Miller's Funeral Home while Lee Oswald was being prepared for
@ -401,7 +402,7 @@ burial, and also at Rose Hill Cemetery when Oswald was buried. He also
pointed out that FWPD kept a guard at the gravesite for many months following
Oswald's burial, citing various threats of people digging up the body and
dragging it through the streets of the city.</p>
<p>It was a quirk of fate that got Sinclair involved in these events. Since he
<p>It was a quirk of fate that got Sinclair involved in these events. Since he
had joined the force in 1956, he had been assigned as a patrolman in the
detective division, investigating fraud in plain clothes. Sometime in
mid-1963, however, someone decided that all patrolmen were to be assigned to
@ -410,7 +411,7 @@ streets. In January 1964, Sinclair was named the Patrol Division Officer of
the Year for 1963, and promoted to detective. He returned to plain clothes
and was assigned to the Homicide Division for the remainder of his years with
FWPD.</p>
<p>Sinclair remembered the arrest having taken place in the Riverside area on
<p>Sinclair remembered the arrest having taken place in the Riverside area on
the east side of Fort Worth, although he couldn't recall the exact location.
He had assisted two officers who he thought were on motorcycles to transport
the prisoner to city hall. "There were a lot of cops there," he said, adding
@ -424,7 +425,7 @@ take the man out of the patrol car and escorted him into city hall. Wood is
also pictured taking the man out of the cruiser's front seat in one of the
photos in Cover-Up,[48] and it is his fingers that can be seen at the
prisoner's right elbow in the FHK photo.</p>
<p>Because he had merely assisted in the arrest, Sinclair did not believe that
<p>Because he had merely assisted in the arrest, Sinclair did not believe that
he had filed an arrest report, that duty falling to the actual arresting
officers, whom Sinclair recalled having stayed behind to secure the arrest
scene and inventory the vehicle the man had apparently been stopped in. He
@ -436,8 +437,8 @@ in their cruisers, he couldn't remember anything particularly striking about
the arrest and he was unable to remember what the man's name might have been.
He noted that Wood is now deceased, and that he didn't know who the arresting
officers might have been.[49]</p>
<p>The Unidentified Man</p>
<p>While I had successfully identified the officer in the picture, I was still
<p>The Unidentified Man</p>
<p>While I had successfully identified the officer in the picture, I was still
no closer to learning who the man in custody was or why he been detained.
During my many meetings with current and retired FWPD officers, however, I
had been referred to a number of others who may have had some information
@ -447,7 +448,7 @@ civilian employee (his associates consider him to be "the best fingerprint
guy you can find anywhere"). Sinclair thought that this individual may have
been working the afternoon of the arrests, and could provide some useful
information.</p>
<p>As it turned out, he had worked the evening shift on November 22, and thus
<p>As it turned out, he had worked the evening shift on November 22, and thus
had no details of the arrest. However, he thought there might still be a
record of it on file, but shortly found that the department's worksheets of
that period were no longer on file. He felt that I wouldn't be able to find
@ -455,14 +456,14 @@ any information without knowing the man's name, but nevertheless transferred
me to the supervisor of the Records Division. The supervisor suggested that I
come into the police station and look through some of their old microfilm
records. I went to Fort Worth later the same afternoon.</p>
<p>I didn't really know what I was looking for, whether it would be a jail
<p>I didn't really know what I was looking for, whether it would be a jail
roster or what, but I thought I might have been able to find a name that was
out of place or couldn't be verified against other records. I was given two
rolls of microfilm covering the period, one of arrest records, and another of
the Disposition Report and Property Records of prisoners. Since I had already
read elsewhere and been told by the officers that no arrest record was made,
I didn't know how much luck I'd have, but I figured it was worth a try.</p>
<p>I began reading the arrest reports. It appeared that November 22, 1963
<p>I began reading the arrest reports. It appeared that November 22, 1963
started out like any other day for FWPD (aside from the President's visit
that morning). Of the thirty or so arrests officers made that day, many were
listed as "juvenile fugitives," and a roughly equal number were for
@ -471,14 +472,14 @@ a man who'd been taken into custody because the police had learned he had VD,
and one of a man who had been arrested in the men's room of the local bus
station while injecting nitroglycerine into his arm. Maybe the day wasn't so
"typical" after all....</p>
<p>Midway through the day's reports was the arrest report for Donald Wayne
<p>Midway through the day's reports was the arrest report for Donald Wayne
House, which I decided to make a copy of since, after all, I'd been told it
hadn't been filed. The very next arrest report was for another man named
Kenneth Glenn Wilson, then of 6121 Broadway in Haltom City to the east of
Fort Worth. Interestingly, he had also been arrested at the 3400 block of
East Belknap Street, 23 minutes after House had been. The arresting officers
were listed as Lt LE Wood and HW Sinclair.[50]</p>
<p>This was an odd coincidence: nobody had mentioned two men having been
<p>This was an odd coincidence: nobody had mentioned two men having been
arrested in that place at that time. Who was this man, and what had he been
arrested for? That the arresting officers were the same two men who had been
photographed bringing the "unidentified suspect" into city hall made this
@ -487,23 +488,23 @@ actually been an arresting officer since he'd already left the scene before
the man was taken into custody. He was, however, one of the two officers who
escorted him into city hall and booked him, and so was included in the
report.)</p>
<p>Wilson, an auto parts salesman, was charged as an "investigation witness." If
<p>Wilson, an auto parts salesman, was charged as an "investigation witness." If
he was the same man in the photos, this helped to explain why he is shown
unmanacled in the photos taken at city hall: the man wasn't a suspect, but a
witness! A witness of what? The details of the arrest provided that
information:</p>
<p>"The above subject was arrested and charged as above [Inv. Witness] after he
<p>"The above subject was arrested and charged as above [Inv. Witness] after he
came to the scene of where House was arrested. When he arrived at the scene,
he stated that he recognized the car which House was driving and stated that
he thought that it belonged to his wife's cousin. On the way to the [city]
hall, the subject stated that House was recently been discharged from the
service. He stated that he had not seen House lately and that his home is in
Ranger, Texas" [emphasis added].[51]</p>
<p>As noted earlier, the interview House had with the Fort Worth Press said that
<p>As noted earlier, the interview House had with the Fort Worth Press said that
he was traveling to Fort Worth to visit his cousin, in addition to mentioning
his intent to visit his Army buddy in Dallas.[52] This man Wilson--or rather,
his wife--must be who House was going to see.</p>
<p>When I was talking with WD Roberts earlier, neither of us could figure out
<p>When I was talking with WD Roberts earlier, neither of us could figure out
why he had gotten off of the highway and driven up Riverside Drive since his
home was a number of miles farther out the same road. I drove to 6121
Broadway, the address given on Wilson's arrest record. While the house no
@ -512,7 +513,7 @@ house about a mile from where he was arrested. This particular segment of the
story no longer held any mystery. The question that nagged at me, though, was
how Wilson knew House had been arrested in the first place, an answer I knew
only Wilson could provide.</p>
<p>I was finally able to locate and contact Wilson (he no longer lives in Fort
<p>I was finally able to locate and contact Wilson (he no longer lives in Fort
Worth), who verified that he was the same Kenneth Glenn Wilson who had lived
at the 6121 Broadway address nearly 30 years ago. I explained the reason I
was calling, to identify a man in a photo which I believed to be him, and
@ -522,19 +523,19 @@ details without prompting_House's name, the make and color of car he was
driving, that he was from Ranger and that House was, in fact, his wife's
cousin_it quickly became apparent that I had found the man whose arrest
report I held, but was he the same man in the photo?</p>
<p>In the course of our conversation, he mentioned that he had a book about the
<p>In the course of our conversation, he mentioned that he had a book about the
assassination with his picture in it; did I perhaps have the same one? It
turned out to be Cover-Up, which of course, I had. I asked him to turn to
page 89 where the photos of House and the "unidentified suspect" were, and
asked him if he recognized any of them. "Sure," he said. "The three across
the top are Don, and the two below that are of me."[53] One of these two
photos is the same as that which appears in FHK, as we've already discussed.</p>
<p>Satisfied that Wilson and the "unidentified suspect" were one and the same, I
<p>Satisfied that Wilson and the "unidentified suspect" were one and the same, I
arranged to meet with him the following weekend when I could make the time to
travel to where he now lives. We met one Saturday afternoon at a roadside
restaurant near the interstate; he was accompanied by his wife and young
grandson, who was visiting for the weekend. We talked for nearly three hours.</p>
<p>Wilson now wears glasses and is, in his words, "a little fatter and deeper in
<p>Wilson now wears glasses and is, in his words, "a little fatter and deeper in
debt," but the similarity with the man in the FHK photo was unmistakable. He
parts his hair differently, but facial characteristics like the nose, chin
and forehead don't change, and_despite his denial_he still has the same slim
@ -542,10 +543,10 @@ build he had back then. When he later posed in the same semi-profile as in
the picture, there was no doubt I was looking at the same man. Furthermore,
both he and Mrs Wilson recognized the pencil he'd always hung over his ear,
and the pocket protector he wore in those days.</p>
<p>How did Wilson come to be at that place and time where his cousin-in-law had
<p>How did Wilson come to be at that place and time where his cousin-in-law had
been arrested only moments before? Mrs Wilson provided most of the
details:[54]</p>
<p>At some point after the shooting, while House had been enroute to Fort Worth,
<p>At some point after the shooting, while House had been enroute to Fort Worth,
Dallas police had contacted his mother_with whom he was living at the time_to
determine his whereabouts. After two or three such calls, Mrs House became
concerned, and called her niece, Mrs Wilson. (Mrs House is now deceased, so I
@ -553,29 +554,29 @@ was unable to determine what DPD had talked with her about during those
calls.) Mrs House called the Wilsons' because, whenever Don came to Fort
Worth, he would spend the night with the Wilsons and she expected he would do
so this night too. After the calls from DPD, she became worried.</p>
<p>Shortly after the call from her aunt, Mrs Wilson heard a radio broadcast of a
<p>Shortly after the call from her aunt, Mrs Wilson heard a radio broadcast of a
suspect, identified as "22-year-old Donald House of Ranger, Texas" having
been arrested at 3408 East Belknap in Fort Worth.[55] At first, she said, she
didn't recognize the name since "nobody called him Donald," but realized
after a moment that it had been her cousin who'd been taken into custody in
connection with the slaying.</p>
<p>She noted that the address was only a couple of blocks from where her husband
<p>She noted that the address was only a couple of blocks from where her husband
worked selling auto parts, and called to ask him to check on Don since it
appeared he was in some sort of trouble. He excused himself from work and
walked the short distance to where House had been arrested. There, he told
officers that he thought the car belonged to his wife's cousin, and was taken
into custody at 2:20 pm.[56] "I was looking out for Don," Ken Wilson told me,
"and they ended up taking me to jail!"</p>
<p>He was not charged with a crime, and as the record of his arrest shows, he
<p>He was not charged with a crime, and as the record of his arrest shows, he
was brought in solely as a witness. He was questioned about his relationship
with Don House and released 90 minutes later, at 3:50.[57] He returned home
with his wife, where House joined them a couple of hours later (House wasn't
released until 5:15[58]).</p>
<p>(Mrs Wilson recalled an amusing anecdote from that day: when Don had finally
<p>(Mrs Wilson recalled an amusing anecdote from that day: when Don had finally
come to their house, everyone wanted to know if he'd been nervous. "Nervous?
Of course not, I didn't do anything," he said, sitting down... missing the
chair completely and sprawling on the floor. Nervous? Who me? I guess not.)</p>
<p>Wilson's account also clears up questions about HW Sinclair's recollection of
<p>Wilson's account also clears up questions about HW Sinclair's recollection of
the event and in reconstructing the "arrest:" House had been curbed by
Roberts and hurried into Whistler's cruiser with Harbour in the back with
House. They in turn sped off to city hall with their prisoner with Lt Wood in
@ -588,7 +589,7 @@ threatened by the mild-mannered Wilson, who rode beside him unmanacled and
volunteering information about his wife's cousin, Don House, during the five or ten-minute ride downtown. From all accounts, it was a relatively pleasant
trip, if being under arrest or dealing with suspected Presidential assassins
can ever be called "pleasant!"</p>
<p>On arriving at city hall, the two men were met by Lt Wood, who had escorted
<p>On arriving at city hall, the two men were met by Lt Wood, who had escorted
Whistler, Roberts and House to city hall less than a half-hour before.
Undoubtedly, Wood felt a need for additional police presence ushering Wilson
into city hall because a crowd of people had gathered,[59] and under the
@ -596,14 +597,14 @@ circumstances, it wouldn't have been unreasonable to suspect they might have
become unruly at the sight of a "suspect" in the assassination being led
before them. In fact, Ken Wilson recalled the scene as "a little frightening
with all those people standing around yelling."[60]</p>
<p>Photos of both House and Wilson were taken by photographers from both the
<p>Photos of both House and Wilson were taken by photographers from both the
Star-Telegram and the Press, although neither paper ever published them. TV
camera crews also captured footage of House being led into city hall and
through the corridors of the police department, but if similar footage of
Wilson exists, I haven't seen it.</p>
<p>Conclusion
<p>Conclusion
==========</p>
<p>Beginning with a photograph of an "unidentified man" said to have been
<p>Beginning with a photograph of an "unidentified man" said to have been
arrested in Fort Worth and connected with both the Kennedy murder and the
CIA, along with a vague rumor or two of how the "black sedan" described by
Tom Tilson may have been found in Fort Worth, we've come to find that not
@ -612,7 +613,7 @@ quite apparent that the black sedan never actually existed and is either a
figment of Tilson's imagination, a mis-recollection, or an attempt to portray
himself as having a role in the events of November 22, 1963_however
peripheral_which he in fact did not have.</p>
<p>While it is a fact that two men were taken into custody in Fort Worth "in
<p>While it is a fact that two men were taken into custody in Fort Worth "in
connection with the shooting," there is nothing other than speculation that
can link either of them with the murder. House had been to Dallas to visit a
friend who wasn't home when he got there. Unable to leave town because of the
@ -620,13 +621,13 @@ heavy traffic due to the parade, he waited for the motorcade to pass before
he was able to leave to visit his cousin. A couple of women at a gas station
thought he matched the broadcast description of a suspect, and he was taken
into custody, cleared and released.</p>
<p>The second man, Ken Wilson, was only trying to help House, his wife's cousin.
<p>The second man, Ken Wilson, was only trying to help House, his wife's cousin.
He was taken into city hall as a witness, and not as a suspect. He wasn't
charged with any crime, and wasn't even handcuffed as he rode to city hall in
the front seat with HW Sinclair. He was questioned about his relationship to
House, released and went home. He's hardly given a second thought to these
events afterward until I spoke with him about them.</p>
<p>That Ken Wilson remained "unidentified" for nearly 30 years is surprising
<p>That Ken Wilson remained "unidentified" for nearly 30 years is surprising
when you consider that I was able to locate and identify him within two weeks
of the time his photo in FHK was brought to my attention, using records which
"don't exist" long after others had apparently attempted the same. None of
@ -635,14 +636,14 @@ interviewed by The Fort Worth Star-Telegram 20 years later_had ever been
contacted by anyone, and it's apparent that the search for the men's arrest
records was neither thorough nor tenacious since they were, in fact, quite
readily available.</p>
<p>I must admit I had been somewhat surprised that Ken Wilson had never
<p>I must admit I had been somewhat surprised that Ken Wilson had never
attempted to identify himself, especially having seen his photo in Cover-Up
along with what could be considered "mysterious" if not "sinister"
insinuations made about his being taken into custody. Then again, maybe I
shouldn't have been so surprised, since there are many people who are
apprehensive or skeptical, even cautious and suspicious of anything to do
with the JFK murder, and don't want their names associated with it.</p>
<p>On the other hand, we've also got to ask ourselves who would Wilson have gone
<p>On the other hand, we've also got to ask ourselves who would Wilson have gone
to even had he wished to identify himself? It's not an easy task to reach an
author through his publisher after all, and even so, once a book is published
and widely circulated, it is not an easy matter to change bits of material,
@ -651,7 +652,7 @@ will be amended, but will First Hand Knowledge be corrected because we now
know for certain that the "unidentified suspect" is no longer unidentified,
was never in fact a suspect, and was absolutely not either David Phillips or
"Maurice Bishop?" We'll have to wait for the second printing to find out.</p>
<p>While the underlying concern of whether it is "better" from a publishing
<p>While the underlying concern of whether it is "better" from a publishing
standpoint to maintain the intrigue and aura of mystery, or to ascertain that
mundane details as this has turned out to be are accurately portrayed remains
an important one, it is in truth of little consequence whether Wilson's
@ -661,7 +662,7 @@ Cover-Up and FHK and not read this article, Ken Wilson will always be a
"covered up" by sinister forces. Certainly, I'd like to see the record
amended, but I don't expect it will be. I just hope the same mistake won't be
made by future authors.</p>
<p>It is perhaps unfortunate in some respects that I have brought these men and
<p>It is perhaps unfortunate in some respects that I have brought these men and
women to the fore, even despite the fact that it has "cleared" an innocent
man from any involvement with the crime, and set the record straight about
his detention. Wilson, for example, told me how his wife's cousin, Don House,
@ -670,123 +671,124 @@ November 22, 1963, and no longer wishes to talk to anyone about it; indeed,
Cover-Up states that when the authors attempted to interview House during the
course of their research, they met with "extreme hostility." Others declined
to have their recollections recorded, voicing similar concerns.</p>
<p>For these reasons, I have refrained from noting too many personal details to
<p>For these reasons, I have refrained from noting too many personal details to
preserve their privacy and hopefully to prevent them from becoming part of
"the continuing inquiry," ruing the day they first heard my name: their roles
are long since finished. I enjoyed meeting each of them, and appreciate the
time they took to speak with me, the hospitality they showed me, and the
assistance they provided to close this chapter of history quickly. I hope
they never have cause to regret it.</p>
<p>I hope too that this experience can temper the enthusiasm, even zeal, of many
<p>I hope too that this experience can temper the enthusiasm, even zeal, of many
researchers who feel that the "truth" can be found by citing every lead and
"reasonable conclusion" as absolute fact. If we are ever to be successful in
our efforts to re-open an official investigation of some sort, we must come
armed with evidence, not mere theories and speculations. After all, we're
supposed to be investigating a murder, not writing novels or creating myths,
aren't we?</p>
<p>Copyright c 1993, M. Duke Lane</p>
<p>The author gratefully acknowledges the advice, assistance and encouragement
<p>Copyright c 1993, M. Duke Lane</p>
<p>The author gratefully acknowledges the advice, assistance and encouragement
of Gary Mack, Mary Ferrell, Dave Perry, and other Dallas area researchers in
this investigation.</p>
<p>NOTES
<p>NOTES
-----</p>
<p>1. Interview with Gary Null, WBAI-FM New York, 99.5 FM, October 1992</p>
<p>2. See Letters to the Editor of The Third Decade, Volume 9, Number 1,
<p>1. Interview with Gary Null, WBAI-FM New York, 99.5 FM, October 1992</p>
<p>2. See Letters to the Editor of The Third Decade, Volume 9, Number 1,
November 1992, pp 36-40; Number 2, January 1993, pp 9-11; and Number 3, March
1993, pp 27-28 (all related).</p>
<p>3. Robert Morrow, First Hand Knowledge, 1992, S.P.I Books/Shapolsky
<p>3. Robert Morrow, First Hand Knowledge, 1992, S.P.I Books/Shapolsky
Publishers, Inc, New York</p>
<p>4. Gary Shaw and Larry Ray Harris, Cover-Up, self-published, Cleburne TX,
<p>4. Gary Shaw and Larry Ray Harris, Cover-Up, self-published, Cleburne TX,
1976, page 89</p>
<p>5. Obituary, The Washington Post, July 9, 1988, pG5</p>
<p>6. "Police Launch 2-city Manhunt," The Dallas Morning News, November 23, 1963,
<p>5. Obituary, The Washington Post, July 9, 1988, pG5</p>
<p>6. "Police Launch 2-city Manhunt," The Dallas Morning News, November 23, 1963,
page 2. The full account reads: "During the frantic period at the hospital,
police, Secret Service men and FBI agents had started a 2-city manhunt. They
arrested several persons, among them a Fort Worth man who was said to be
driving a car linked to the slayer." There was no additional coverage of this
event in the paper.</p>
<p>7. Earl Golz, "Ex-officer suspect he chased '2nd gun'," The Dallas Morning
<p>7. Earl Golz, "Ex-officer suspect he chased '2nd gun'," The Dallas Morning
News, August 20, 1978, p 42A.</p>
<p>8. Jim Marrs, Crossfire: The Plot that Killed Kennedy, 1989, Carroll &amp; Graf
<p>8. Jim Marrs, Crossfire: The Plot that Killed Kennedy, 1989, Carroll &amp; Graf
Publishers, New York, pp 325-327. This is a nearly verbatim recounting of the
aforementioned Golz article.</p>
<p>9. Golz, "'2nd gun'"</p>
<p>10. "Scenes From an Assassination" (photographic essay), The Dallas
<p>9. Golz, "'2nd gun'"</p>
<p>10. "Scenes From an Assassination" (photographic essay), The Dallas
Times-Herald, November 20, 1983</p>
<p>11. Golz, "'2nd gun'"</p>
<p>12. See Decker Exhibit 5323 (affidavits to Dallas County Sheriffs): 19H500,
<p>11. Golz, "'2nd gun'"</p>
<p>12. See Decker Exhibit 5323 (affidavits to Dallas County Sheriffs): 19H500,
Malcolm Summers, November 23, 1963; 19H497-98, Jesse James Williams, November
22, 1963; 19H501, William Clifford Anderson, November 25, 1963; 19H522-23,
November 22, 1963; and Cover-Up, p 88 (reference to DPD radio logs for
11/22/63, time not indicated)</p>
<p>13. Golz, "'2nd gun'"</p>
<p>14. Interview with WD Roberts by author, December 22, 1992</p>
<p>15. "Man Arrested Here Released," The Fort Worth Star-Telegram, November 23,
<p>13. Golz, "'2nd gun'"</p>
<p>14. Interview with WD Roberts by author, December 22, 1992</p>
<p>15. "Man Arrested Here Released," The Fort Worth Star-Telegram, November 23,
1963, p9</p>
<p>16. Warren Commission Document #301 (CD 301), pp 111-112. See also John
<p>16. Warren Commission Document #301 (CD 301), pp 111-112. See also John
Moulder, "'Suspect' Seized Here Made History," The Fort Worth Press,
September 28, 1964, page 1 and Cover-Up, p 88.</p>
<p>17. Ibid CD 301, and CD 897, p 331</p>
<p>18. "'Suspect' Seized Here Made History"</p>
<p>19. Ibid</p>
<p>20. Cover-Up, p 89</p>
<p>21. 19H522-23, November 22, 1963.</p>
<p>22. Ibid, and arrest report #19560, FWPD, Donald Wayne House. November 22, 1963</p>
<p>23. Roberts interview</p>
<p>24. A six cylinder Plymouth: Roberts interview and House arrest report</p>
<p>25. Interview with BG Whistler, January 5, 1993</p>
<p>26. House arrest report</p>
<p>27. Roberts interview; Whistler interview</p>
<p>28. House arrest report. Note that this may be "official" as opposed to
<p>17. Ibid CD 301, and CD 897, p 331</p>
<p>18. "'Suspect' Seized Here Made History"</p>
<p>19. Ibid</p>
<p>20. Cover-Up, p 89</p>
<p>21. 19H522-23, November 22, 1963.</p>
<p>22. Ibid, and arrest report #19560, FWPD, Donald Wayne House. November 22, 1963</p>
<p>23. Roberts interview</p>
<p>24. A six cylinder Plymouth: Roberts interview and House arrest report</p>
<p>25. Interview with BG Whistler, January 5, 1993</p>
<p>26. House arrest report</p>
<p>27. Roberts interview; Whistler interview</p>
<p>28. House arrest report. Note that this may be "official" as opposed to
actual time since an NBC newscast transcript notes the first broadcast that
"a car has been stopped at Fort Worth that may have some connection with the
shooting" at 1:49 pm CST, eight minutes earlier. WBAP radio had also
broadcast a similar statement three minutes earlier at 1:46, indicating that
House had already been pulled over and perhaps already taken to city hall.</p>
<p>29. Cover-up, p 89, upper row of photos</p>
<p>30. Wood is now deceased and surviving officers do not recall who the
<p>29. Cover-up, p 89, upper row of photos</p>
<p>30. Wood is now deceased and surviving officers do not recall who the
motorcycle officers were, but news footage taken by KXAS-TV (then WBAP-TV)
made available to me by Fort Worth researcher Gary Mack shows Wood getting
off of his motorcycle as House is being driven up in the squad car</p>
<p>31. House arrest report; Roberts and Whistler interviews</p>
<p>32. Roberts interview</p>
<p>33. Whistler interview</p>
<p>34. Elston Brooks, "An Arrest He'll Never Forget," The Fort Worth
<p>31. House arrest report; Roberts and Whistler interviews</p>
<p>32. Roberts interview</p>
<p>33. Whistler interview</p>
<p>34. Elston Brooks, "An Arrest He'll Never Forget," The Fort Worth
Star-Telegram, November 20, 1983, p 20F (Sunday special section: "Turning
Point: The Assassination of JFK")</p>
<p>35. "'Suspect' Seized Here Made History"</p>
<p>36. Ibid</p>
<p>37. "An Arrest He'll Never Forget"</p>
<p>38. Cover-Up, p 88</p>
<p>39. Photos can be seen in Cover-Up, top of p 89</p>
<p>40. House Property Record #19560, FWPD</p>
<p>41. "'Suspect' Seized Here Made History"</p>
<p>42. House disposition report #19560, FWPD. The report indicates that charges
<p>35. "'Suspect' Seized Here Made History"</p>
<p>36. Ibid</p>
<p>37. "An Arrest He'll Never Forget"</p>
<p>38. Cover-Up, p 88</p>
<p>39. Photos can be seen in Cover-Up, top of p 89</p>
<p>40. House Property Record #19560, FWPD</p>
<p>41. "'Suspect' Seized Here Made History"</p>
<p>42. House disposition report #19560, FWPD. The report indicates that charges
were dropped after House was questioned, and he was released at 5:15 pm, 3
hours and 18 minutes after he'd been arrested</p>
<p>43. Roberts interview</p>
<p>44. CD 301</p>
<p>45. Cover-Up, page 89</p>
<p>46. Ibid</p>
<p>47. Ibid</p>
<p>48. Ibid</p>
<p>49. Interview with Mr and Mrs HW Sinclair, December 20, 1992</p>
<p>50. Wilson arrest record #19561, FWPD (shown on back cover), and accompanying
<p>43. Roberts interview</p>
<p>44. CD 301</p>
<p>45. Cover-Up, page 89</p>
<p>46. Ibid</p>
<p>47. Ibid</p>
<p>48. Ibid</p>
<p>49. Interview with Mr and Mrs HW Sinclair, December 20, 1992</p>
<p>50. Wilson arrest record #19561, FWPD (shown on back cover), and accompanying
disposition report and property record #19561</p>
<p>51. Ibid</p>
<p>52. "'Suspect' Arrested Here Makes History."</p>
<p>53. Telephone interview with Kenneth Glenn Wilson, January 9, 1993</p>
<p>54. Interview with Mr and Mrs Kenneth Glenn Wilson, January 23, 1993</p>
<p>55. Live WBAP radio broadcast, November 22, 1963 at the time House was
<p>51. Ibid</p>
<p>52. "'Suspect' Arrested Here Makes History."</p>
<p>53. Telephone interview with Kenneth Glenn Wilson, January 9, 1993</p>
<p>54. Interview with Mr and Mrs Kenneth Glenn Wilson, January 23, 1993</p>
<p>55. Live WBAP radio broadcast, November 22, 1963 at the time House was
brought into the jail. In addition to the newspaper reporters and
photographers who were at city hall, there were a number of television and
radio personnel. Footage from KXAS-TV and KTVT-TV (op cit) of House being
brought into police headquarters and being marched through the hallways and
offices clearly indicates that coverage of the arrest was immediate.</p>
<p>56. Wilson and House arrest records. Again, this is an official rather than
<p>56. Wilson and House arrest records. Again, this is an official rather than
actual time.</p>
<p>57. At 3:50 pm; Wilson disposition report #19561</p>
<p>58. House disposition report #19560</p>
<p>59. WBAP-TV (NBC) news footage</p>
<p>60. Wilson interview</p>
</div>
<p>57. At 3:50 pm; Wilson disposition report #19561</p>
<p>58. House disposition report #19560</p>
<p>59. WBAP-TV (NBC) news footage</p>
<p>60. Wilson interview</p>
</div>
</xml>

180
pre-src-xml/crybaby.xml
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@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>I notice the now-ancient Gauquelin "Mars Effect" affair continues to
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>I notice the now-ancient Gauquelin "Mars Effect" affair continues to
crop up, perennially, with considerable time-honoured but still-fuzzy
rhetoric about an alleged CSICOP "cover up", including copious
laudatory mentions of Dennis Rawlins's ALSO-ancient jeremiad
@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ treatments of the affair since then have been loose (and even MORE
careless) descendants of the Rawlins article, often committing gross
distortions, such as confusing the test of European athletes with the
later one based on U.S. data. </p>
<p>The ONLY proper rejoinder I've ever seen to Rawlins was a reply piece
<p>The ONLY proper rejoinder I've ever seen to Rawlins was a reply piece
by CSICOP Fellow P. J. Klass, which "Fate" refused to publish, and
which far too few have seen, over the years since. Robert Sheaffer
and I have now scanned in the text, and are attempting to distribute
@ -17,16 +18,16 @@ it more widely. The full text may be downloaded or File REQuested,
but not FTP'd from my BBS as CRYBABY.ZIP (as Robert mentions in his
comments, which follow), and I'll be mailing it to other skeptics'
groups on diskette, as well as uploading it to CompuServe. </p>
<p>-- Rick Moen
<p>-- Rick Moen
Vice-Chair, Bay Area Skeptics
Sysop, The Skeptic's Board BBS, San Francisco
(also reachable at 76711.243@CompuServe.com) </p>
<p> "CRYBABY" </p>
<p> by Philip J. Klass </p>
<p>Philip J. Klass is a member of the Executive Council, Committee
<p> "CRYBABY" </p>
<p> by Philip J. Klass </p>
<p>Philip J. Klass is a member of the Executive Council, Committee
for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal
(CSICOP). </p>
<p> [Note: This article, written in 1981, was submitted for
<p> [Note: This article, written in 1981, was submitted for
publication to FATE Magazine, in reply to Dennis Rawlins'
accusations against CSICOP in his Oct., 1981 FATE article
"sTARBABY". FATE adamantly refused to publish this article.
@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ relatively few people ever saw Klass's "CRYBABY", the long
and detailed answer to Rawlins' "sTARBABY" charges. Now that
you have the opportunity to read Klass's rebuttal, you can
make up your own mind. </p>
<p> Klass's original text has been reproduced below, exactly as
<p> Klass's original text has been reproduced below, exactly as
typed, with the author's permission. Spelling and
punctuation have not been changed. Text that was underlined
in the original appears in capital letters.
@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ in the original appears in capital letters.
This article is brought to you courtesy of the Bay
Area Skeptics' BBS, 415-648-8944, from which it is
available for downloading, although not via FTP.] </p>
<p> "They call themselves the Committee for the Scientific
<p> "They call themselves the Committee for the Scientific
Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal. In fact, they are a
group of would-be-debunkers who bungled their major
investigation, falsified the results , covered up their errors
@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ and gave the boot to a colleague who threatened to tell the
truth." Thus began a 32-Page article in the October 1981 issue of
FATE magazine, which a a press release headlined: "SCIENTIST
BLOWS THE WHISTLE ON PARANORMAL COVERUP." </p>
<p> Since CSICOP was formed in the spring of 1976, it has been a
<p> Since CSICOP was formed in the spring of 1976, it has been a
thorn in the side of those who promote belief in "psychic
phenomena," in astrology, UFOs, and similar subjects and it has
been criticized sharply by FATE whose articles generally cater to
@ -69,12 +70,12 @@ its Executive Council. This would seem to give credence to
Rawlins' charges -- except to those of us with first-hand
experience in trying to work with him and who are familiar with
his modus-operandi. </p>
<p> Because Rawlins proposed my election to CSICOP's Executive
<p> Because Rawlins proposed my election to CSICOP's Executive
Council I cannot be charged with animosity toward him, except
what he later engendered by his actions. And in a recent letter
to me, Rawlins volunteered that I "was less involved than any
other active Councillor" in the alleged misdeeds. </p>
<p> The FATE article, entitled "sTARBABY" prompted my own
<p> The FATE article, entitled "sTARBABY" prompted my own
investigation into Rawlins' charges. But unlike Rawlins, who
relies heavily on his recollection of conversations several years
earlier, I chose to use hard evidence - published articles,
@ -85,25 +86,25 @@ promptly and fully except for one -- Dennis Rawlins, who had
accused the others of "cover-up" and "censorship." RAWLINS
REFUSED MY REPEATED REQUESTS TO SUPPLY HARD DATA THAT MIGHT
CONFIRM HIS CHARGES, AND WHICH ALSO COULD DENY THEM! </p>
<p> The results of my investigation, based on hard data,
<p> The results of my investigation, based on hard data,
prompted me to conclude that the Rawlins article should have been
entitled "CRYBABY," and that an appropriate subtitle would have
been: "A wounded ego is the root of much evil." </p>
<p> If the editors of FATE had spent only a few hours reading
<p> If the editors of FATE had spent only a few hours reading
published articles cited in the Rawlins article they could not in
good conscience have accused CSICOP of "cover-up" or of having
"falsified the results." Instead, FATE chose to ignore the
traditional journalistic practice of investigating both sides of
a controversial issue and publishing both sides, as those accused
by Rawlins had done. </p>
<p> Rawlins' charges result from two tests intended to assess
<p> Rawlins' charges result from two tests intended to assess
whether the position of the planet Mars at the time of a person's
birth has a significant influence on whether he/she becomes a
"sports champion." This "Mars effect" hypothesis was first
proposed by France's Michel Gauquelin, who directs the laboratory
for the Study of Relations between Cosmic and Psychophysiological
Rhythms, based on a study of European champions. </p>
<p> The first of the two tests was performed by Gauquelin
<p> The first of the two tests was performed by Gauquelin
himself, with results that generally were supportive of the Mars
effect hypothesis by eliminating a possible objection that first
had been raised by others, i,e, not CSICOP. The only way in which
@ -115,12 +116,12 @@ members of trying to "cover-up" his results or altering the data
of this first test whose calculations he himself performed,
although there were some differences of interpretation of the
implication of these results. </p>
<p> HOWEVER, GAUQUELIN DID PUBLICLY ACCUSE RAWLINS OF DISTORTION
<p> HOWEVER, GAUQUELIN DID PUBLICLY ACCUSE RAWLINS OF DISTORTION
AND MISREPRESENTATION, with implied criticism of CSICOP because
Rawlins then was a member of its Executive Council. There would
be other occasions when CSICOP would be criticized because of
Rawlins' intemperate statements and actions. </p>
<p> This criticism was published by CSICOP in the Winter l978
<p> This criticism was published by CSICOP in the Winter l978
issue of its publication, THE SKEPTICAL INQUIRER (p. 80). In it
Gauquelin wrote: "How, in spite of all this data could one
distort and misrepresent the effect in question and sow doubts on
@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ the subject? Dennis Rawlins, a member of CSICP ... has done just
this in a polemic which appeared in the Fall-Winter 1977 issue of
that (CSICOP's) journal." In "sTARBABY," Rawlins tries to shift
the blame for his transgressions to CSICOP. </p>
<p> According to "sTARBABY," CSICOP Chairman Prof. Paul Kurtz
<p> According to "sTARBABY," CSICOP Chairman Prof. Paul Kurtz
was the principal architect of the alleged cover-up. Yet in
reality it was Kurtz, then editor of THE HUMANIST magazine
(published by the American Humanist Assn.) who printed the
@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ lengthy paper by Gauquelin describing the seemingly favorable-for-him results of
that Kurtz's decision to publish test results favorable to an
"adversary" represents a "cover-up"? Rawlins might better have
waited until "l984" to resort to such "double-speak" accusations. </p>
<p> Because the issues are complex and because two different
<p> Because the issues are complex and because two different
publications and organizations were involved, it is useful to
recount briefly the events that led to the first Mars effect
test, which is at the root of the Rawlins/FATE charges, and the
@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ champions test showed a very UNFAVORABLE result for the claimed
Mars effect, which Rawlins confirms in "sTARBABY." And these
Rawlins-computed results were published, without change, by
CSICOP. </p>
<p> The Sept/Oct. l975 issue of THE HUMANIST carried an article
<p> The Sept/Oct. l975 issue of THE HUMANIST carried an article
by L.E. Jerome that was critical of astrology in general and of
the Mars effect in particular. When Gauquelin sought an
opportunity for rebuttal, Kurtz provided it in the Jan./Feb. 1976
@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ statistical assumption "that the frequency distribution of the
hours of birth during the day (the nych-themeral curve) is a
constant distribution...", i.e. that there is an equal
probability of a person being born during any hour of the day. </p>
<p> This seemed important because the Mars effect hypothesis
<p> This seemed important because the Mars effect hypothesis
holds that persons born during an approximately two-hour period
just after Mars has "risen" or during a comparable period after
Mars is at upper culmination (zenith), are more likely to become
@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ the percentage of the day in which Mars is in two key sectors is
approximately l7%. But Gauquelin reported that 22% European
champions in his data base had been born when Mars was in the two
key sectors, significantly higher than the l7% "benchmark." </p>
<p> Because of the issue raised by Comite' Para, Kurtz
<p> Because of the issue raised by Comite' Para, Kurtz
consulted statistics professor Marvin Zelen who in turn proposed a
control test that could resolve the statistical issue raised by
Comite' Para. This Zelen proposed test, also published in the
@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ Gauquelin should gather birth data for "non-champions" who had
been born in the same local areas and within three days of a
RANDOMLY SELECTED sub-sample of Gauquelin's "champions" who
seemed to show the Mars effect. </p>
<p> If only 17% of these NON-champions were born when Mars was
<p> If only 17% of these NON-champions were born when Mars was
in the two key sectors, this would void the issue raised by
Comite Para. But if roughly 22% of the NON-champions also were
born when Mars was in the two key sectors, this would undercut
@ -195,13 +196,13 @@ been more precise had he added: "...of the issue raised by
Belgian Comite Para." If Gauquelin's sample of "champions" data
was "biased," as Rawlins first suspected, this could not possibly
be detected by the Zelen-proposed test. </p>
<p> The same issue of The Humanist carried another article, by
<p> The same issue of The Humanist carried another article, by
astronomy professor George O. Abell, which was very skeptical of
astrology in general. But unlike Rawlins who dismissed the Mars
effect out-of-hand and "didn't believe that it merited serious
investigation yet" (FATE: p. 74), Abell wrote that if Gauquelin's
findings were correct, they were "extremely interesting." </p>
<p> However, Abell included the following note of caution: "If
<p> However, Abell included the following note of caution: "If
all of Gauquelin's work is re-checked, and his results hold up,
then it is necessary to repeat the experiment with a new sample,
say in the United States. If that sample should give the same
@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ Assn.), Kurtz became its co-chairman and later its chairman.
Zelen and Abell were named Fellows, but not to CSICOP's Executive
Council. In l980, Abell was elected to replace Rawlins on the
Council. </p>
<p> The results of this first (Zelen) test were published in the
<p> The results of this first (Zelen) test were published in the
Nov./Dec., l977 issue of THE HUMANIST, where the issue first was
raised, although by this time CSICOP had its own publication.
Gauquelin and his wife Francoise were given nearly six large-size
@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ from the large cities in France and Belgium, The Gauquelins
reported that these data showed that only l7% of the non-champions had been born when Mars was in the two sectors which
seemed to resolve the issue earlier raised by Belgium's Comite
Para in favor of the Mars effect. </p>
<p> The same issue of THE HUMANIST carried an article jointly
<p> The same issue of THE HUMANIST carried an article jointly
authored by Zelen, Kurtz, and Abell, that began: "Is there a
'Mars Effect'? The preceding article by Michel and Francoise
Gauquelin discusses the experiment proposed by Marvin Zelen and
@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ the existence of a 'Mars effect' related to sports champions. It
is the purpose of this article to discuss the analysis of the
data and to point out the strengths and weaknesses of the
evidence in favor of the 'Mars effect.'" </p>
<p> The Zelen/Kurtz/Abell article raised some questions about
<p> The Zelen/Kurtz/Abell article raised some questions about
the results. For example, that "the 'Mars effect' only appears in
Paris, not in Belgium or in the rest of France." The article
concluded: "lf one had a high prior 'belief' that there is a Mars
@ -249,13 +250,13 @@ belief. In the other hand, if the prior belief in the existence
of a Mars effect was low, then this data may raise the posterior
belief, but not enough to accept the existence of the Mars
effect." </p>
<p> Rawlins charges that publication of this article, following
<p> Rawlins charges that publication of this article, following
the uncensored Gauquelin paper,"commited CSICOP to a cover-up."
(FATE: p.76) Yet is characteristic of scientific controversy for
one party to question or challenge another's interpretation of
the data. And Gauquelin would do so following the second test
without being accused of a "cover-up" in "sTARBABY." </p>
<p> In the same issue of THE HUMANIST, in a brief introduction
<p> In the same issue of THE HUMANIST, in a brief introduction
written by Kurtz, the first "linkage" with CSICOP occurred. Kurtz
wrote: "Thus, members of CSICOP involved in this inquiry believe
that the claim that there is a statistical relationship between
@ -265,13 +266,13 @@ incidence of sports champions among them has not been established
agreed (with Gauquelin) to make an independent test of the
alleged Mars effect by a study of sports champions in the United
States." </p>
<p> In "sTARBABY," Rawlins charges that the U. S, champions test
<p> In "sTARBABY," Rawlins charges that the U. S, champions test
was a "diversion." Clearly the Gauquelins themselves did not view
it in this light, judging from the concluding statement in their
article which said: "Let us hope that these positive results may
induce other scientists to study whether this effect, discovered
with the European data, appears also with the U.S. data." </p>
<p> On March 28, 1978, SEVERAL MONTHS AFTER THE RESULTS OF THE
<p> On March 28, 1978, SEVERAL MONTHS AFTER THE RESULTS OF THE
FIRST TEST WERE PUBLISHED, Rawlins sent Kurtz a copy of a three-page memorandum he had prepared a year earlier (March 29, 1977).
It contained a very technical analysis of the issue raised by
Comite Para, which prompted Rawlins to conclude that the 22%
@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ disproportionate share of births of the general population during
the early morning hours when Mars often was in one of the two key
sectors. In this analysis, Rawlins concluded that Gauquelin had
"made fair allowance for the effect." </p>
<p> But Rawlins had not written this three-page memo until
<p> But Rawlins had not written this three-page memo until
several month AFTER the Zelen test had been proposed in THE
HUMANIST. Shortly after preparing the analysis, Rawlins had sent
a copy to Prof. Marcello Truzzi, then editor of CSICOP's
@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ to Gauquelin. IF the Rawlins analysis of 1977 took account of all
possible demographic factors -- and there is some disagreement on
this question -- it was much too technical to be understood by
persons without expertise in statistics and celestial mechanics. </p>
<p> When Rawlins finally got around to sending this analysis to
<p> When Rawlins finally got around to sending this analysis to
Kurtz on March 28, 1978, his letter of that date did NOT
criticize Truzzi or CSICOP for not having published it earlier.
Rather, Rawlins admitted, "I should not have kept my (Mar. 19,
@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ Rather, Rawlins admitted, "I should not have kept my (Mar. 19,
might now be published in THE HUMANIST. But by this time Kurtz no
longer was its editor. More important, the results of the first
(Zelen) test already had been published several months earlier. </p>
<p>If, as Rawlins would later charge in "sTARBABY," the
<p>If, as Rawlins would later charge in "sTARBABY," the
Zelen/Kurtz/Abell article published several months earlier in THE
HUMANIST amounted to a "cover-up," Rawlins did not make such an
accusation to Kurtz when he wrote him April 6, 1978. Instead,
@ -306,7 +307,7 @@ European investigation might seek to discover how the Eur. samp
(of Gauquelin) was (hypothetically) fudged -- check orig. records
microscopically for some sort of Soal trick. 2. Proceed with the
U.S, test, where we know we have a clean (unbiased) sample." </p>
<p> This April 6, 1978, letter clearly shows that while Rawlins
<p> This April 6, 1978, letter clearly shows that while Rawlins
suspected that Gauquelin had manipulated his European champions
data ("Soal trick") he found no evidence of wrong-doing by
Zelen/Kurtz/Abell. On April 26, 1978, in another letter to Kurtz,
@ -316,7 +317,7 @@ not sure how." Rawlins concluded this letter on a cordial note:
"Now, wasn't it great visiting sunny, funny, California -- and
getting to see a real live nut religion launch itself in San
Diego? ... hope you'll get back this way soon again." </p>
<p> It was at about this time that CSICOP came under fire for
<p> It was at about this time that CSICOP came under fire for
Rawlins' actions in another matter. In the summer of 1977,
Rawlins and Abell had been invited to be panelists in a symposium
on astrology to be held March 18, 1978 at the University of
@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ potential speakers...has yielded an incredible acceptance rate of
100%. This places us in the embarassing position of not being
able to sponsor all of you," i.e. pay travel expenses and allow
formal presentations. </p>
<p> On Feb. 6, 1978, Rawlins wrote to the president of the
<p> On Feb. 6, 1978, Rawlins wrote to the president of the
University of Toronto, protesting what he said were "a number of
oddities" associated with the symposium, including an imbalance
between the number of astrology supporters and skeptics. The
@ -338,7 +339,7 @@ phoney confrontation, which will therefore give the irrational
pseudo-science of astrology an evidentially-unmerited 'academic'
boost in public credibility..." Rawlins sent a copy of his letter
to another university official. </p>
<p> Rawlins' suspicion of a loaded panel may have been
<p> Rawlins' suspicion of a loaded panel may have been
justified. But the letter of protest was written on CSICOP
stationery and signed "Dennis Rawlins, Executive Council,
CSICOP." Another regretable action was a Rawlins telephone call
@ -355,7 +356,7 @@ Kurtz a copy of this Rawlins letter with a note that said: "Since
Dennis' letter is on Committee stationery, would appear he is
writing on behalf of the Committee, I trust that will not happen
again." </p>
<p> Rawlins' actions were reported in the Canadian magazine
<p> Rawlins' actions were reported in the Canadian magazine
SCIENCE FORUM July/August 1978, in an article written by Lydia
Dotto. The article, entitled "Science Confronts 'Pseudo-Science'", began; "It was after midnight on a Saturday night when
University of Toronto astronomer Bob Garrison was awakened by a
@ -373,7 +374,7 @@ event was cancelled shortly before it was to have taken place in
mid-March. Predictably, ACCUSATIONS BEGAN TO FLY THAT SCIENTIFIC
OPPONENTS OF ASTROLOGY WERE ENGAGED IN A CAMPAIGN TO SUPPRESS
FREEDOM OF SPEECH." (Emphasis added.) </p>
<p> Indeed they did, much to CSICOP's embarassment. Britain's
<p> Indeed they did, much to CSICOP's embarassment. Britain's
New Scientist magazine, in its June 29, 1978, issue, quoted the
Canadian magazine in an article that began: "Earlier this year an
astronomer at the University of Toronto, Dr. Bob Garrison, was
@ -381,7 +382,7 @@ awakened by a phone call from a member of Committee for the
Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal. The caller
allegedly spent most of the next hour trying to dissuade Garrison
from taking part in a conference on astrology." </p>
<p> This New Scientist account was picked up by FATE magazine,
<p> This New Scientist account was picked up by FATE magazine,
which in turn attributed the action to CSICOP rather than to one
Council member. FATE commented: "If you have difficulty
understanding their (CSICOP) motives, remember that here is a
@ -393,14 +394,14 @@ Rawlins' actions surfaced again in a feature article in THE
WASHINGTON POST (Aug. 26, 1979). The article, syndicated and
published elsewhere, was written by Ted Rockwell who was
identified as a member of the Parapsychological Association. </p>
<p> When I learned of the Rawlins incident, I was shocked as
<p> When I learned of the Rawlins incident, I was shocked as
were others on the Council. But all of us hoped that Council
members had learned an important lesson from the incident and
that it would have a maturing effect on Rawlins. Yet before
another year had passed Rawlins would once again demonstrate his
inability to distinguish between official CSICOP actions and
those of its individual members. </p>
<p> Originally it was expected that the required calculations of
<p> Originally it was expected that the required calculations of
Mars' position at the time of birth of U.S. champions (for the
second test) would be performed by Prof. Owen Gingerich of
Harvard University. But during the summer of 1978 the Harvard
@ -413,14 +414,14 @@ only 13.5% of the U.S. champions were born when Mars was in the
two key sectors. Thus, Rawlins' calculations showed that if Mars
had any effect on champions, it was a pronounced NEGATIVE effect
for U.S. athletes. </p>
<p> On Sept, 18, 1978, Rawlins prepared a four-page report
<p> On Sept, 18, 1978, Rawlins prepared a four-page report
describing the procedures he had used in his calculations and a
summary of the results. But Rawlins could not resist including
some denigrating charges against Gauquelin. For example:
"Gauquelin was well known in his teens for his casting of
horoscopes (a practice he has since disowned)..." The comments
were both gratuitous and inappropriate. </p>
<p> Relations between Rawlins and Gauquelin had been strained
<p> Relations between Rawlins and Gauquelin had been strained
since CSICOP published a long, rambling Rawlins attack
(Fall/Winter 1977) in which he accused Gauquelin of "misgraphing
the results of the Belgian Comite Para check on his Mars-athletes
@ -429,7 +430,7 @@ distorted and misrepresented the facts in a letter which then was
scheduled to be published shortly in the Winter 1978 issue of THE
SKEPTICAL INQUIRER. The same issue also would carry a sharp
rejoinder from Rawlins. </p>
<p> Thus it is hardly surprising that Kurtz decided that it
<p> Thus it is hardly surprising that Kurtz decided that it
would be best if the upcoming summary report on the results of
the U.S. champions test should be written by Zelen, Abell and
himself -- especially since the three of them had jointly
@ -443,7 +444,7 @@ report (with the ad hominem attack on Gauquelin) "Kurtz wrote
Abell to suggest KZA (Kurtz, Zelen and Abell) confer and prepare
the test report for publication (EXCLUDING ME)." (Emphasis
added.) (P.79.) </p>
<p> Rawlins also complains that Kurtz asked Zelen and Abell "to
<p> Rawlins also complains that Kurtz asked Zelen and Abell "to
verify the work," i.e. Rawlins' calculations. (P.80.) Because of
the importance of test, it was good scientific protocol to ask
other specialists to at least spot-check Rawlins' computations.
@ -451,7 +452,7 @@ Then Rawlins reveals he was angered because "Abell asked
countless questions about my academic training." (P. 8O.)
Inasmuch as Rawlins lists his academic training as being in
physics rather than astronomy, Abell's questions seem justified. </p>
<p> Further evidence of Rawlins' wounded ego is his complaint
<p> Further evidence of Rawlins' wounded ego is his complaint
that "not only was Abell being invited to the press conference
(at the upcoming Council in Washington, D.C.), he was to be the
CSICOP spokesman on astrology in Washington." (P.81) Rawlins said
@ -463,7 +464,7 @@ Abell who lived all the way across the country, in the Los
Angeles area." (In fact, Krupp also lived in Southern California,
Bok lived Arizona, and Sagan then was working in California on
his "Cosmos" television series.) </p>
<p> In "sTARBABY," Rawlins claims that Abell had been invited to
<p> In "sTARBABY," Rawlins claims that Abell had been invited to
speak because "Kurtz was trying to suppress my dissenting report
(of Sept. 18, 1978) and (by not paying my travel fare) to keep me
from the December Council meeting while inviting to Washington as
@ -473,7 +474,7 @@ was no question that Rawlins' Sept, 18, 1978, report, describing
his analytical procedures, needed to be published. The only
question was whether it should include the ad hominem attack on
Gauquelin. </p>
<p> It was not until approximately one year AFTER the results of
<p> It was not until approximately one year AFTER the results of
the Zelen test were published in THE HUMANIST that Rawlins first
charged the use of "bait-and-switch" tactics--what he calls
"BS"--had been employed. This allegation was contained in his
@ -485,7 +486,7 @@ published, there was a Rawlins response which said: "It SHOULD BE
CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD THAT CSICOP AS A BODY NEVER HAD ANYTHING TO DO
WITH THE HUMANIST ZELEN TEST 'CHALLENGE'...PUBLISHED BEFORE THE
COMMITTEE WAS FOUNDED"(Emphasis added.) </p>
<p> Like most members of CSICOP's Executive Council who had not
<p> Like most members of CSICOP's Executive Council who had not
been involved either in the first (Zelen) test or the subsequent
U.S. champions test, and who were not sufficiently expert in
celestial mechanics, statistics or astrology to take a prior
@ -497,7 +498,7 @@ Zelen test-results cover-up that had occurred more than a year
before which contradicted his just-published statement in THE
SKEPTICAL INQUIRER stating that the original Zelen test was NOT a
CSICOP-sponsored effort. </p>
<p> Despite my efforts to understand Rawlins' allegations, it
<p> Despite my efforts to understand Rawlins' allegations, it
was not clear to me (and to many other Council members) just what
it was that he now was claiming had been"covered-up." After three
years of working with Rawlins I was well aware of his proclivity
@ -506,7 +507,7 @@ directed against supporters of the para-normal, but sometimes
also against Council members who disagreed with his proposals for
intemperate actions against "the believers." For example, Rawlins
had charged that Truzzi was involved with the "Church of Satan." </p>
<p>Beyond having difficulty in understanding the specifics of
<p>Beyond having difficulty in understanding the specifics of
Rawlins' charges, I failed to grasp what he thought should be
done to correct the alleged problem. Because the hour was getting
late and Council members had to leave to catch flights back home,
@ -520,7 +521,7 @@ DID NOT SEND COPIES OF SUCH MEMORANDA TO COUNCIL MEMBERS. ONE
LOGICAL EXPLANATION FOR THIS IS THAT PREVIOUSLY HE DID NOT
BELIEVE THE MATTER INVOLVED CSICOP OR REQUIRED COUNCIL MEMBERS'
ATTENTION. </p>
<p> Rawlins was the last one to leave my apartment (where we had
<p> Rawlins was the last one to leave my apartment (where we had
been meeting that night) and he continued his earlier harrangue
but without clarifying the issues. Later, he called me from the
airport to continue the discussion. Again I asked that he clarify
@ -529,7 +530,7 @@ memorandum. I assured Rawlins that since I had not been involved
in either of the two tests and since he had recommended my
election to Council, he could expect me to be at least neutral if
not sympathetic. </p>
<p> Rawlins never responded to my request. About six weeks later
<p> Rawlins never responded to my request. About six weeks later
(Jan. 17, 1979), he did circulate a five-page memo to CSICOP
Fellows and Council members. It was a "baby sTARBABY" which cited
a number of ALLEGED mistakes that had been made by OTHERS
@ -542,7 +543,7 @@ not assume, as you have done, that all of us follow the G-affair
as closely as you have done." My letter concluded: "Skip the
invective...outline the problem clearly, concisely, and offer
your recommendations." </p>
<p> Rawlins never responded to this request. Today, following my
<p> Rawlins never responded to this request. Today, following my
recent investigation, I know why. There was no cover-up, except
in Rawlins' troubled mind, fed by the fires of a wounded ego and,
perhaps, by embarassment over his unauthorized intervention in
@ -552,7 +553,7 @@ saved his wounded ego unless it were possible to turn back the
clock and to have invited Rawlins to be the CSICOP speaker on
astrology in Washington and to replace Abell in writing the
report on the results of the U.S. champions test. </p>
<p> Readers of "sTARBABY" might easily conclude that Rawlins
<p> Readers of "sTARBABY" might easily conclude that Rawlins
believes that Zelen/Kurtz/Abell, in the Nov/Dec. 1977 issue of
THE HUMANIST, should have conceded "Gauquelin has won" and
cancelled plans for the U.S. champions test. Yet had they done
@ -561,7 +562,7 @@ would imply that the Zelen test had proved the Mars effect beyond
all doubt and this was not true. Had Zelen/Kurtz/Abell even
contemplated such a concession, I am certain that Rawlins would
have urged that they be ousted from CSICOP. </p>
<p> "sTARBABY" reveals that Rawlins imagines many things that
<p> "sTARBABY" reveals that Rawlins imagines many things that
simply are not true, such as his charge that I was involved in a
plot to suppress his discussions of the Gauquelin test at the
1978 Council meeting. His article implies that Council meetings
@ -570,7 +571,7 @@ reality one usually hears almost as many different viewpoints as
there are Council members present. And Kurtz is the most
unconstraining group chairman I have ever known in the many
organizations of which I have been a member. </p>
<p> Even on easily ascertainable matters, Rawlins chooses to
<p> Even on easily ascertainable matters, Rawlins chooses to
rely on his vivid imagination or recollections rather than take
time to check the facts. For example, in "sTARBABY," Rawlins
claims that he was an "associate editor" of THE SKEPTICAL
@ -581,7 +582,7 @@ imagines himself to be an associate editor of a publication over
a period of several years would at least once look at that
publication's masthead, where its editorial staff is listed. Had
Rawlins done so he would not have made this spurious claim. </p>
<p> This is not an error of great consequence. But when I
<p> This is not an error of great consequence. But when I
pointed it out to him, his response was revealing, especially
because he accuses others of being unwilling to admit to error
and of resorting to "cover-up." Rawlins' letter of Sept. 21,
@ -590,7 +591,7 @@ he remembers that "Kurtz called all Ed. Board members 'Associate
Editors'...I adopted to save syllables." Rawlins tries to justify
his misstatement of fact on the grounds that he was able to save
approximately 42 characters in his 75000-character-long article! </p>
<p> In "sTARBABY," Rawlins claims that the full-day meeting of
<p> In "sTARBABY," Rawlins claims that the full-day meeting of
the Council in Washington was held at the National Press Club
because this was "the temple of CSICOP's faith." (P. 86.) Had
Rawlins asked me, I would have informed him that I had selected
@ -598,7 +599,7 @@ the National Press Club because it was the lowest-cost facility
in downtown Washington that I could find. But Rawlins decided he
knew the answer without bothering to investigate. This is neither
good science nor good journalism. </p>
<p> In the previously cited Rawlins memorandum of Jan. 17, 1979,
<p> In the previously cited Rawlins memorandum of Jan. 17, 1979,
following the Washington meeting, he wrote that he planned to
reduce his involvement with CSICOP. He added that there was no
reason to "hide" CSICOP's problems "from the public. So I may
@ -611,7 +612,7 @@ this journalist left the meeting together and returned together
several hours later. But this journalist never published anything
on the matter, possibly because he has as much difficulty in
understanding Rawlins' charges as did Council members. </p>
<p> According to "sTARBABY," in mid-1979, Rawlins received a
<p> According to "sTARBABY," in mid-1979, Rawlins received a
letter from Jerome Clark of FATE magazine, expressing an interest
in learning more about Rawlins' complaints against CSICOP.
Rawlins claims that shortly afterward "I told the Council I'd be
@ -619,7 +620,7 @@ open with FATE." I question the truthfulness of his statement
because Rawlins did not bother to attend the next Council meeting
in December, 1979, nor have I been able to locate any Rawlins
letter or memorandum to substantiate this claim. </p>
<p> "sTARBABY" claims that "as the FATE-story realization set
<p> "sTARBABY" claims that "as the FATE-story realization set
in, Council reacted like the White House when it learned that
John Dean had sat down with the prosecution (during the Watergate
scandal). (P.91) This claim I know to be false. The prospect of a
@ -630,7 +631,7 @@ could have released immediately following publication of
"sTARBABY," preventing Rawlins from boasting that failure of
CSICOP to respond quickly to his many charges indicated an
inability to do so. </p>
<p> Returning, chronologically, to the fall of 1979, CSICOP was
<p> Returning, chronologically, to the fall of 1979, CSICOP was
preparing to publish the results of the U.S. champions test in
the Winter 1979-80 issue of THE SKEPTICAL INQUIRER. Rawlins
demanded the right to revise and expand his original Sept, 18,
@ -641,7 +642,7 @@ cleared with me, I wanted a note printed with the paper stating
that deletions had occurred over the author's protest and that
the missing portions could be obtained directly from me." (P.
92.) </p>
<p> Frazier (who had been recommended for the position by
<p> Frazier (who had been recommended for the position by
Rawlins himself), acting on the recommendation of Prof. Ray
Hyman, a Council member who reviewed the Rawlins paper and the
others, and on Frazier's own long editorial experience, decided
@ -655,7 +656,7 @@ position, expectation curve), I find it amusing that ZKA (Zelen,
Kurtz, Abell) are the main commentators on this test in THE
SKEPTICAL INQUIRER." Once again Rawlins' wounded-ego had
manifested itself. </p>
<p> On Nov, 6, 1979, Rawlins sent a memo to other members of the
<p> On Nov, 6, 1979, Rawlins sent a memo to other members of the
Editorial Board complaining that his article "has been neatly
censored here and there, so I have asked to add a statement
saying so and suggesting that readers who wish to consult the
@ -666,7 +667,7 @@ was published at the end of the Rawlins paper, that read:
"Further commentary on the issues raised in this paper and in
these notes is available from the author." Rawlins' address also
was published. </p>
<p> This is the basis for Rawlins' harsh charges of "censorship"
<p> This is the basis for Rawlins' harsh charges of "censorship"
against Frazier, the man whom he had so highly recommended for the
position. If Rawlins' complaint were justified, every working
journalist could make the same accusations regularly against
@ -679,7 +680,7 @@ from normal editorial judgment. None of the rest of you has ever
suggested this," i.e. demanded privileged treatment. So because
Rawlins was not given privileged treatment, he charges
"censorship." </p>
<p> In the same Nov. 6, 1979, letter charging censorship,
<p> In the same Nov. 6, 1979, letter charging censorship,
Rawlins complained that he alone among Council members had not
been reimbursed for his travel expenses of $230 to the previous
Council meeting in Washington. Rawlins said that he would need
@ -699,14 +700,14 @@ surprised when the Council voted unanimously not to reelect
Rawlins at its New York meeting. (Since Rawlins seems so easily
shocked and surprised, I suspect he was equally surprised at the
resignation of Richard M. Nixon.) </p>
<p> Two months later, Rawlins wrote to Frazier saying he wished
<p> Two months later, Rawlins wrote to Frazier saying he wished
to resign from the Editorial Board. But he insisted that the
resignation should not take effect until his statement
complaining about not being reelected "in absentia" was
published. This Rawlins statement claimed that he had not been
reelected solely because he had criticized "CSICOP's conduct
during ITS FOUR YEAR INVOLVEMENT in testing Gauquelin's neo-astrology..." (Emphasis added.) </p>
<p> Had Frazier opted to publish this grossly inaccurate
<p> Had Frazier opted to publish this grossly inaccurate
statement, which he did not, readers might well have wondered if
there were really two different Dennis Rawlins, recalling barely
a year earlier when a Rawlins letter had been published which
@ -718,7 +719,7 @@ Editorial Board without "cause or written notice." Later,
following a mail ballot of Council members, CSICOP dropped
Rawlins from its list of Fellows. (The vote against Rawlins was
6:1.) </p>
<p> The foregoing highlights the key issues and actions that
<p> The foregoing highlights the key issues and actions that
prompted FATE and Rawlins to charge that CSICOP "bungled their
major investigation, falsified the results, covered up their
errors and gave the boot to a colleague who threatened to tell
@ -727,14 +728,14 @@ gives me the feeling that I am reading a Pravda account
explaining that the Soviets moved into Afghanistan to help the
Afghans prevent an invasion by the U.S. Central Intelligence
Agency.) </p>
<p> Were it possible to turn back the clock, undoubtedly Kurtz,
<p> Were it possible to turn back the clock, undoubtedly Kurtz,
Zelen and Abell would try to be more precise in defining test
objectives and protocol and would do so in writing. And more time
would be spent in more carefully phrasing articles dealing with
such tests. But all CSICOP Council members and Fellows have other
full-time professions that seriously constrain time available for
CSICOP efforts. </p>
<p>Were it possible to turn back the clock, the Council should have
<p>Were it possible to turn back the clock, the Council should have
insisted in the spring of 1978 that Rawlins issue a public
statement that he had erred in using CSICOP's name in support of
his personal actions connected with the University of Toronto's
@ -744,7 +745,7 @@ the Council should have developed a policy statement, as it
recently did, that more clearly delineates activities that
members perform officially in behalf of CSICOP and those carried
out as private individuals. </p>
<p> When a small group of persons met in Buffalo in May, 1976,
<p> When a small group of persons met in Buffalo in May, 1976,
to create CSICOP, their motivation was a concern over the growing
public acceptance of claims of the paranormal. CSICOP was created
to provide a counter-balance to those who espouse a variety of
@ -756,11 +757,11 @@ Truzzi was at the opposite pole and resigned after a couple
years, partially as a result of behind-the scenes plotting by
Rawlins which he admits in "sTARBABY." Now Rawlins has departed
and, in my view, CSICOP is much the better for it. </p>
<p> CSICOP never has tried to destroy those organizations that
<p> CSICOP never has tried to destroy those organizations that
promote belief in paranormal causes. But individuals in these
organization have tried to discredit CSICOP, even going so far in
one instance as to circulate a forged letter. </p>
<p> FATE magazine made wide distribution of the Rawlins
<p> FATE magazine made wide distribution of the Rawlins
"sTARBABY" article in reprint form, together with its press
release. Prof. R.A. McConnell, University of Pittsburgh, founding
President of the Parapsychological Association, also distributed
@ -772,25 +773,25 @@ history and philosophy of science." McConnell quoted an "unnamed
scientist" as claiming that "Rawlins has uncovered the biggest
scandal in the history of rationalism." McConnell characterized
CSICOP as "an intellectually dishonest enterprise." </p>
<p> FATE and McConnell have demonstrated the intrinsic flaw in
<p> FATE and McConnell have demonstrated the intrinsic flaw in
the basic approach of those who promote claims of the paranormal
-- THEIR EAGERNESS TO ACCEPT CLAIMS OF EXTRAORDINARY EVENTS
WITHOUT RIGOROUS INVESTIGATION. Neither FATE nor McConnell
contacted CSICOP officials to check out Rawlins' charges. This
demonstrates why CSICOP is so sorely needed. </p>
<p> The late President Harry Truman phrased it well: "If you
<p> The late President Harry Truman phrased it well: "If you
can't stand the heat, stay out of the kitchen." CSICOP is "in the
kitchen" by choice and intends to remain there despite the heat.
The response of CSICOP's Council and its Fellows to recent events
shows that the Committee is not an easy victim of heat-prostration. </p>
<p> If the Mars effect, or any other paranormal hypothesis,
<p> If the Mars effect, or any other paranormal hypothesis,
should ever be demonstrated using rigorous scientific procedures,
there simply is no way in which the small group of individuals
involved in CSICOP could ever hope to suppress such evidence. Nor
have I found any CSICOP Council member or Fellow who is so
foolish as to try. </p>
<p> (end) </p>
<p> [In the years following "sTARBABY", Rawlins has continued to
<p> (end) </p>
<p> [In the years following "sTARBABY", Rawlins has continued to
receive publicity by making sensational charges of
scientific coverup and fraud. In 1988 he made national
headlines by renewing an earlier charge he had made before
@ -814,7 +815,7 @@ closer than 121 miles from the Pole." Officials of the
National Geographic Society promised to examine Rawlins'
data, but added "We believe Mr. Rawlins has been too quick
to cry fake." </p>
<p> After a three-month investigation of Rawlins' charges, a
<p> After a three-month investigation of Rawlins' charges, a
press conference was sponsored by The Navigation Foundation
at which they dismissed his "sensational claims". As
reported in a Baltimore Sun story syndicated Feb. 2, 1989,
@ -835,7 +836,7 @@ navigational observations." Rawlins conceded, "My
interpretation has some problems, and I acknowledge that.
It's fair to say that, if I'm saying Peary was a fraud, I
think I have not yet met the burden of proof." </p>
<p> Finally, in December, 1989, a 230-page report commissioned
<p> Finally, in December, 1989, a 230-page report commissioned
by the National Geographic Society was released, concluding
that Peary actually did reach the Pole. As reported in a
story on p.1 of the New York Times, Dec. 12, 1989, a new
@ -847,7 +848,7 @@ critic, Dennis Rawlins, a Baltimore astronomer and
historian, said he remained convinced, despite the new
study, that Admiral Peary did not reach his goal and had
faked his claim." </p>
<p> Robert Sheaffer, Nov., 1991]
<p> Robert Sheaffer, Nov., 1991]
--
Rick Moen - via RBBS-NET node 8:914/201
INTERNET: moen@f207.n914.z8.RBBS-NET.ORG
@ -856,4 +857,5 @@ INTERNET: moen@f207.n914.z8.RBBS-NET.ORG
Robert Sheaffer, Nov., 1991]
--
Rick Moen - via RBBS-</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Path: uuwest!spies!mips!spool.mu.edu!olivea!sgigate!odin!ratmandu.esd.sgi.com!dave
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Path: uuwest!spies!mips!spool.mu.edu!olivea!sgigate!odin!ratmandu.esd.sgi.com!dave
From: dave@ratmandu.esd.sgi.com (dave "who can do? ratmandu!" ratcliffe)
Newsgroups: alt.conspiracy.jfk,alt.conspiracy,alt.activism
Subject: "The Guns of Dallas" by L. Fletcher Prouty
@ -12,8 +13,8 @@ Organization: Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Lines: 1028
Article-I.D.: odin.1992Mar27.161114.26346
Nntp-Posting-Host: ratmandu.esd.sgi.com</p>
<p> the reason for the assassination was to control the power of the presidency.</p>
<p> The following appeared in the October, 1975 issue of "Gallery," a porno
<p> the reason for the assassination was to control the power of the presidency.</p>
<p> The following appeared in the October, 1975 issue of "Gallery," a porno
magazine which billed Fletcher Prouty as the "National Affairs Editor."
Some people feel there is no credible way to justify associating oneself
with such exploitative and demeaning media. Fletcher Prouty has told me
@ -43,11 +44,11 @@ generally accessible publications. As long as the conglomerate press in
this country continues to increasingly restrict the range and variety of
points of view being published, writers will resort to certain types of
publishers they would not choose to go to if they had a better alternative.</p>
<p> _______________________________________________________________________</p>
<p> THE GUNS OF DALLAS
<p> _______________________________________________________________________</p>
<p> THE GUNS OF DALLAS
(c) 1975 by L. Fletcher Prouty
Reprinted here this one time only with permission by of the author</p>
<p> The shocking nature of what you are about to read in this article
<p> The shocking nature of what you are about to read in this article
makes it imperative that you be aware of some of the credentials
and experience of the author.
From 1955 to December 31, 1963, Col. L. Fletcher Prouty was the
@ -59,19 +60,19 @@ Washington, D.C.
He is the author of numerous articles and of "The Secret Team,"
published by Prentice Hall (1973) and Ballantine Books (1974).
</p>
<p> This article included a great deal of photograhic evidence of the events
<p> This article included a great deal of photograhic evidence of the events
in Dealey Plaza. The photographic research was by Richard E. Sprague.
Unfortunately, I will only be able to include the text in this post.
However, the captions are included in square braces, and an asterisk
character, '*', delimits pictures not seen by Warren Commission.
--ratitor</p>
<p> ________________________________________________</p>
<p> How was the Warren Commission kept
<p> ________________________________________________</p>
<p> How was the Warren Commission kept
from investigating and seeing evidence?
This is the real issue.
This is a crime to top the crime.
________________________________________________</p>
<p> As we prepare now to celebrate the beginning of the third century
<p> As we prepare now to celebrate the beginning of the third century
of the founding of this country, we wonder if we live in the land
of the free. We wonder if at least we still have a government of
the people and by the people. Certainly, it is no longer a
@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ yet the real crime underlying all of this has not even been
identified, stated, and charged. The real criminals still walk the
streets, run their corporations, control their banks, and pull
strings throughout their political and financial machines.</p>
<p> This control mechanism did not start in 1972 with Watergate. It
<p> This control mechanism did not start in 1972 with Watergate. It
began, in a tentative way, in the Korean War era, when the military
and the executive branch found out how easy it was to fool the
Congress and the American public. And with that recognition,
@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ and that his lair was at a window, number one from the right
1. [NUMBER 1. The Texas School Book Depository Building. Arrow
points to window from which Oswald supposedly shot Kennedy. (photo
by Willis.)])</p>
<p> If one breaks this contrived Warren Commission story, then the
<p> If one breaks this contrived Warren Commission story, then the
fundament of the "lone assassin" theory is undermined. Break this
weak theory and you are confronted immediately with an awareness of
the existence of a massive conspiracy. And we are equally
@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ from the lies about the Kennedy murder and the cover-up; but the
American public has not had the guts to face the fact of the
massive conspiracy that arranged for that murder and which to this
day perpetuates its cover-up.</p>
<p> Many of us have been convinced, as a result of careful and
<p> Many of us have been convinced, as a result of careful and
detailed study that the first of these glass barricades, the Warren
Commission report, is a lie. And, we are equally convinced that
the cover-up of the murder can be smashed and the conspiracy
@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ less specific than the Secret Service. *The FBI was wrong*.
Then, much later, on September 27, 1964 (ten months after the
crime), the Warren Commission issued its report along with twenty-six huge volumes of random data. This report states that there
were three shots. *The Warren Commission was wrong*.</p>
<p> According to the Warren Commission, the first shot, the "miracle
<p> According to the Warren Commission, the first shot, the "miracle
bullet" designed and dreamed up by one of its lawyers (Arlen
Specter), is one of the most fascinating contrivances of our
generation. Forced to account for a series of unrelated events,
@ -288,7 +289,7 @@ task of developing the theory of that bullet. Pictures of that
undamaged bullet show it as clean as a brand-new slug. It looks as
though it had hardly been fired at all, let alone having traveled
through two men, broken three bones, and lodged in a fourth. [3]</p>
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
How the Zapruder Film Created a Time Clock
for the Assassination in Dealey Plaza
| Abraham Zapruder's camera was running at a determinable
@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ shots (6.8 seconds), and the timing of events in the
background. --Richard E. Sprague
| Z denotes Zapruder film and frame number.
|___________________________________________________________________|</p>
<p> I have worked with the CIA and military officials in testing
<p> I have worked with the CIA and military officials in testing
special rifles. I have seen countless bullets fired into gelatin
and paraffin to simulate body hits on humans. I have seen goats
shot under controlled conditions to show what impact will do. In
@ -491,20 +492,20 @@ Commission, too.
The single-bullet theory is overly contrived, especially when
one is attempting to solve a major crime such as the murder of a
President. Consider the following:</p>
<p> * The fact that the Secret Service and the FBI both
<p> * The fact that the Secret Service and the FBI both
state three bullets were fired, but account for no
miss.</p>
<p> * The fact that the Commission states that three
<p> * The fact that the Commission states that three
bullets were fired, including the near miss.</p>
<p> * The fact that the Warren Commission missed the
<p> * The fact that the Warren Commission missed the
back-to-left motion of JFK's head (see photos).</p>
<p> * The fact that only three members of the Commission
<p> * The fact that only three members of the Commission
ever saw the Zapruder film in motion.</p>
<p> * The fact that the Warren Commission missed seeing
<p> * The fact that the Warren Commission missed seeing
the evidence of three separate bullets hitting JFK
and a fourth hitting Connally; and then
disregarding the "umbrella man."</p>
<p> All of the discrepancies, one after the other, stagger the mind.
<p> All of the discrepancies, one after the other, stagger the mind.
Of course, the umbrella man could have been a perfectly innocent
guy, why not find out?
Then there was the "communications man." Photo Number 24
@ -724,7 +725,7 @@ fast enough to guarantee all but 100 percent assurance that the
President would be safe. It was Secret Service men working under
the provisions of the same manual who let the President's car creep
around that corner at Dealey Plaza at 8-9 mph. Why?</p>
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
Army Aid to Help Protect President Kennedy Was Refused
| Trained U.S. Army Intelligence Units were told their
assisstance was not needed in Dallas during the JFK visit.
@ -751,7 +752,7 @@ included training designed to prepare this army unit to
assist the Secret Service. If our support had not been
refused, we would have been in Dallas." --L.F.P.
|___________________________________________________________________|</p>
<p> Also, as we looked up at the high buildings on Mexico City's
<p> Also, as we looked up at the high buildings on Mexico City's
main street, he told me that agents would check and secure each
floor and each window of each building. This is not as big a job
as it may seem. The Secret Service knows the exact timing of the
@ -953,36 +954,37 @@ facts, we have the desire, and we have the power. It is now up to
the American people to throw off this dreaded bondage. We have
work to do. We want free elections in 1976 and we want to begin a
glorious new century of the free.</p>
<p> [1] Even the tests which "prove" it could have been done in 5.7 seconds are
<p> [1] Even the tests which "prove" it could have been done in 5.7 seconds are
faulty. The shots in Dallas were not fired evenly; this is proved by
the Zapruder film and by the Commission's own figures--Zapruder film
frames 186-215-313. Tests were made with a "clip" of three bullets.
No clip was found in the Book Depository Building.</p>
<p> [2] The Warren Commission allowed even less time; according to their
<p> [2] The Warren Commission allowed even less time; according to their
report, the elapsed time was 5.7 seconds.</p>
<p> [3] X-rays show a piece of the bullet is still in Connally's thigh bone,
<p> [3] X-rays show a piece of the bullet is still in Connally's thigh bone,
yet there is no fragment that size missing from that bullet.</p>
<p> [4] It is entirely possible that some technician did fire that bullet in
<p> [4] It is entirely possible that some technician did fire that bullet in
this manner from that gun in order to obtain a "laboratory perfect"
ballistics specimen. Then, when some eager conspirators' accomplice
got it, he "planted" it as the "Miracle" bullet.</p>
<p> [5] This is a highly technical point. Strangely, in its manipulations,
<p> [5] This is a highly technical point. Strangely, in its manipulations,
the Commission "notes" that a "gap occurred in the leaves of the tree
at Z-186," then says nothing. If there was this split-second gap,
then the gun would have had to have been aimed and fired in that
split second (about 1/20th of a second), and the Zapruder film tree
would have to confirm that possibility. It does not!</p>
<p> [6] Edmund C. Berkeley is the publisher of the magazine "People and the
<p> [6] Edmund C. Berkeley is the publisher of the magazine "People and the
Pursuit of Truth," Newtonville, Mass.</p>
<p> [7] First news reports that day said, "There were three bursts of gunfire
<p> [7] First news reports that day said, "There were three bursts of gunfire
from automatic weapons." These reports were nearly correct.</p>
<p>--
<p>--
daveus rattus </p>
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI
<p> yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI
ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.
</p>
</div>
</div>
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@ -1,46 +1,47 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>***************************************************************************
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>***************************************************************************
***************************************************************************</p>
<p>
<p>
DARK CONSPIRACY INVOLVING ELECTRICAL POWER COMPANIES SURFACES</p>
<p>
<p>
Rewritten by the Quantum Mechanic</p>
<p>(Author Unknown)</p>
<p>Updated 8/7/88 W0PN
<p>(Author Unknown)</p>
<p>Updated 8/7/88 W0PN
***************************************************************************
***************************************************************************</p>
<p>For years the electrical utility companies have led the public to believe
<p>For years the electrical utility companies have led the public to believe
they were in business to supply electricity to the consumer, a service for
which they charge a substantial rate. The recent accidental acquisition of
secret records from a well known power company has led to a massive
research campaign which positively explodes several myths and exposes the
massive hoax which has been perpetrated upon the public by the power
companies.</p>
<p>The most common hoax promoted the false concept that light bulbs emitted
<p>The most common hoax promoted the false concept that light bulbs emitted
light; in actuality, these 'light' bulbs actually absorb DARK which is
then transported back to the power generation stations via wires. A more
descriptive name has now been coined; the new scientific name is for the
device is DARKSUCKER.</p>
<p>This newsletter introduces a brief synopsis of the darksucker theory,
<p>This newsletter introduces a brief synopsis of the darksucker theory,
which proves the existence of dark and establishes the fact that dark has
great mass, and further, that dark is the fastest known particle in the
universe. Apparently, even the celebrated Dr. Albert Einstein did not
suspect the truth.. that just as COLD is the absence of HEAT, LIGHT is
actually the ABSENCE of DARK... light does not really exist!</p>
<p>The basis of the darksucker theory is that electric light bulbs suck dark.
<p>The basis of the darksucker theory is that electric light bulbs suck dark.
Take for example, the darksuckers in the room where you are. There is much
less dark right next to them than there is elsewhere, demonstrating their
limited range. The larger the darksucker, the greater its capacity to suck
dark. Darksuckers in a parking lot or on a football field have a much
greater capacity than the ones in used in the home, for example.</p>
<p>It may come as a surprise to learn that darksuckers also operate on a
<p>It may come as a surprise to learn that darksuckers also operate on a
celestial scale; witness the Sun. Our Sun makes use of dense dark, sucking
it in from all the planets and intervening dark space. Naturally, the Sun
is better able to suck dark from the planets which are situated closer to
it, thus explaining why those planets appear brighter than do those which
are far distant from the Sun.</p>
<p>Occasionally, the Sun actually oversucks; under those conditions, dark
<p>Occasionally, the Sun actually oversucks; under those conditions, dark
spots appear on the surface of the Sun. Scientists have long studied these
'sunspots' and are only recently beginning to realize that the dark spots
represent leaks of high pressure dark because the Sun has oversucked dark
@ -49,77 +50,78 @@ leakage of high pressure dark frequently causes problems with radio
communications here on Earth due to collisions between the dark particles
as they stream out into space via the black 'holes' in the surface of the
Sun.</p>
<p>As with all manmade devices, darksuckers have a finite lifetime. Once they
<p>As with all manmade devices, darksuckers have a finite lifetime. Once they
are full of dark, they can no longer suck. This condition can be observed
by looking for the black spot on a full darksucker when it has reached
maximum capacity... you have surely noticed that dark completely surrounds
a full darksucker because it no longer has the capacity to suck dark at
all.</p>
<p>A candle is a primitive darksucker. A new candle has a white wick. You
<p>A candle is a primitive darksucker. A new candle has a white wick. You
will notice that after the first use the wick turns black, representing all
the dark which has been sucked into it. If you hold a pencil next to the
wick of an operating candle, the tip will turn black because it got in the
way of the dark flowing into the candle. Unfortunately, these primitive
darksuckers have a very limited range and are hazardous to operate because
of the intense heat produced.</p>
<p>There are also portable darksuckers called flashlights. The bulbs in these
<p>There are also portable darksuckers called flashlights. The bulbs in these
devices cannot handle all of the dark by themselves, and must be aided by a
dark storage unit called a battery. When the dark storage unit is full, it
must be either emptied (a process called 'recharging') or replaced before
the portable darksucker can continue to operate. If you break open a
battery, you will find dense black dark inside, evidence that it is
actually a compact dark storage unit.</p>
<p>The darksuckers on your automobile are high capacity units with great
<p>The darksuckers on your automobile are high capacity units with great
range, thus they require much larger dark storage units mounted under the
hood of the vehicle. Since there is far more dark available in the winter
season, automobile dark storage units reach capacity more frequently than
they do in the summer, requiring 'recharging', or in severe cases, total
replacement.</p>
<p>Dark has great mass. When dark is drawn into a darksucker, friction caused
<p>Dark has great mass. When dark is drawn into a darksucker, friction caused
by the speed of the dark particles (called anti-photons) actually generates
substantial heat, thus it is unwise to touch an operating dark sucker.
Candles represent a special problem, as the dark must travel into a solid
wick instead of through clear glass. This generates a great amount of
heat, making it very dangerous to touch an operating candle.</p>
<p>Because dark has such great mass, it is very heavy. If you swim just below
<p>Because dark has such great mass, it is very heavy. If you swim just below
the surface of a lake, you see a lot of 'light' (absence of dark, to be
more precise). As you go deeper and deeper beneath the surface, you notice
it gets darker and darker. When you reach a depth of approximately fifty
feet, you are in total darkness. This is because the heavier dark sinks to
the bottom of the lake, making it appear 'lighter' near the surface.</p>
<p>The power companies have learned to use the dark that has settled to the
<p>The power companies have learned to use the dark that has settled to the
bottom of lakes by pushing it through turbines, which generate electricity
to help push the dark into the ocean where it may be safely stored for
their devious purposes.</p>
<p>Prior to the development of turbines, it was much more difficult to get the
<p>Prior to the development of turbines, it was much more difficult to get the
dark from the rivers and lakes to the ocean. The Indians recognized this
problem, and developed means to assist the flow of dark on it's long
journey to the ocean. When on a river in a canoe travelling in the same
direction as the flow of dark, they paddled slowly, so as not to impede the
flow of dark; but when they travelled against the flow of dark, they
paddled vigorously to help propel the dark along its way.</p>
<p>Scientists are working feverishly to develop exotic new instrumentation with
<p>Scientists are working feverishly to develop exotic new instrumentation with
which to measure the actual speed and energy level of dark. While such
instrumentation is beyond the capabilities of the average layman, you can
actually perform a simple test to demonstrate the unbelievable speed of
dark, right in your own home.</p>
<p>All that is required for the simple test is a closed desk drawer situated
<p>All that is required for the simple test is a closed desk drawer situated
in a bright room. You know from past experience that the tightly shut
drawer is FULL of dark. Now, place your hand firmly on the drawer's
handle. Quickly yank the drawer open.. the dark immediately disappears,
demonstrating the blinding speed with which the dark travels to the nearest
darksucker!</p>
<p>The secrets of dark are at present known only to the power companies. Dark
<p>The secrets of dark are at present known only to the power companies. Dark
must be very valuable, since they go to such lengths to collect it in vast
quantities. By some well hidden method, more modern power 'generation'
facilities have devised methods to hide their collection of dark. The
older facilities, however, usually have gargantuan piles of solidified dark
in huge fenced in areas. Visitors to these facilities are told the huge
black piles of material are supplies of coal, but such is not the case.</p>
<p>The power companies have long used code words to hide their activities;
<p>The power companies have long used code words to hide their activities;
D.C. is Dark Conspiracy, whole A.C. is Alternate Conspiracy. The intent of
the A.C. is not yet known, but the D.C. is rapidly yielding it's secrets to
the probing eyes and instruments of honest scientists around the world.
New developments are being announced every day and we promise to keep the
public informed of these announcements as they occur via this newsletter.</p>
</div>
</div>
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@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>From "CROSSFIRE" by Jim Marrs
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>From "CROSSFIRE" by Jim Marrs
ISBN 0-88184-524-8
Copyright (c) 1989 by Jim Marrs
First published by Carroll &amp; Graf 1989</p>
<p>Reprinted without permission</p>
<p> CONVENIENT DEATHS</p>
<p> In the three-year period which followed the murder of President
<p>Reprinted without permission</p>
<p> CONVENIENT DEATHS</p>
<p> In the three-year period which followed the murder of President
Kennedy and Lee Harvey Oswald, 18 material witnesses died - six by
gunfire, three in motor accidents, two by suicide, one from a cut
throat, one from a karate chop to the neck, five from natural causes.
An actuary, engaged by the London Sunday Times, concluded that on
November 22, 1963m the odds against these witnesses being dead by
February 1967, were one hundred thousand trillion to one.</p>
<p> The above comment on the deaths of assassination witnesses was published in
<p> The above comment on the deaths of assassination witnesses was published in
a tabloid companion piece to the movie _Execution Action_, released in 1973.
By that time, part of the mythology of the Kennedy assassination included the
mysterious deaths of people who were connected with it.
@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ to the broad number and types of persons that had to be included in such a
study.
In response to a letter from the Committee, London Sunday Times legal
manager Anthony Whitaker stated:</p>
<p> Our piece about the odds against the deaths of the Kennedy witnesses
<p> Our piece about the odds against the deaths of the Kennedy witnesses
was, I regret to say, based on a careless journalistic mistake and
should not have been published. This was realized by The Sunday Times
editorial staff after the first edition - the one which goes to the
@ -46,17 +47,17 @@ dying within a given period, the answer is, of course, that they are
much lower. Our mistake was to treat the reply to the former question
as if it dealt with the latter - hence the fundamental error in our
first edition report, for which we apologize.</p>
<p> This settled the matter for the House Committee, which apparently made
<p> This settled the matter for the House Committee, which apparently made
little or no attempt to seriously study the number of deaths that followed
the JFK assassination.
Jacqueline Hess, the Committee's chief of research for the JFK
investigation, reported:</p>
<p> Our final conclusion on the issue is that the available evidence does
<p> Our final conclusion on the issue is that the available evidence does
not establish anything about the nature of these deaths which would
indicate that the deaths were in some manner, either direct or
peripheral, caused by the assassination of President Kennedy or by
any aspect of the subsequent investigation.</p>
<p> However, an objective look at both the number and the causes of death
<p> However, an objective look at both the number and the causes of death
balanced against the importance of the person's connection to the case, still
causes raised eyebrows among those who study such a list.
In this section, people who were connected - no matter how tenuously -
@ -71,19 +72,19 @@ JFK assassination to become public.
The CIA has gone to some lengths to discredit the idea of mysterious
deaths plaguing assassination witnesses.
A 1967 memo from CIA headquarters to station chiefs advised:</p>
<p> Such vague accusations as that "more than 10 people have died
<p> Such vague accusations as that "more than 10 people have died
mysteriously" can always be explained in some rational way: e.g., the
individuals concerned have for the most part died of natural causes;
the [Warren] Commission staff questioned 418 witnesses - the FBI
interviewed far more people, conducting 25000 interviews and
reinterviews - and in such a large group, a certain number of deaths
are to be expected.</p>
<p> Testifying before the Church Committee in 1975, CIA technicians told of a
<p> Testifying before the Church Committee in 1975, CIA technicians told of a
variety of TWEP technology - Terminate With Extreme Prejudice - that cannot
be detected in a postmortem examination.
One recently declassified CIA document, a letter from an Agency consultant
to a CIA officer, states:</p>
<p> You will recall that I mentioned that the local circumstances under
<p> You will recall that I mentioned that the local circumstances under
which a given means might be used might suggest the technique to be
used in that case. I think the gross divisions in presenting this
subject might be:
@ -93,15 +94,15 @@ the most complete autopsy and chemical examinations
(3) bodies left in such circumstances as to simulate suicidal death
(4) bodies left with residue that simulates those caused by natural
diseases.</p>
<p> The letter goes on to show that undetected murders do not have to be the
<p> The letter goes on to show that undetected murders do not have to be the
result of sophisticated chemicals. It states:</p>
<p> There are two techniques which I believe should be mentioned since
<p> There are two techniques which I believe should be mentioned since
they require no special equipment besides a strong arm and the will to
do such a job. These would be either to smother the victim with a
pillow or to strangle him with a wide piece of cloth such as a bath
towel. In such cases, there are no specific anatomic changes to
indicate the cause of death...</p>
<p> While it is obvious that the CIA - and hence the mob through operatives who
<p> While it is obvious that the CIA - and hence the mob through operatives who
work for both - has the capability of killing, it is less well known that the
Agency has developed drugs to induce cancer.
Recall that Jack Ruby died of sudden lung cancer just as he had been granted
@ -135,211 +136,211 @@ ascribed to the passage of time. But others cannot - especially when viewed
in the context of the assassination inquiries taking place at the time.
Read for yourself and consider... When does coincidence end and conspiracy
begin?</p>
<p> List of Deaths</p>
<p>Date Name Connection with Case Cause of Death</p>
<p>11/63 Karyn Kupcinet* TV host's daughter who was Murdered
<p> List of Deaths</p>
<p>Date Name Connection with Case Cause of Death</p>
<p>11/63 Karyn Kupcinet* TV host's daughter who was Murdered
overheard telling of JFK's
death prior to 11/22/63</p>
<p> The Warren Commission Investigation</p>
<p>12/63 Jack Zangretti* Expressed foreknowledge of Gunshot victim
<p> The Warren Commission Investigation</p>
<p>12/63 Jack Zangretti* Expressed foreknowledge of Gunshot victim
Ruby shooting Oswald</p>
<p>2/64 Eddy Benavides* Look-alike brother to Tippit Gunshot to head
<p>2/64 Eddy Benavides* Look-alike brother to Tippit Gunshot to head
shooting witness, Domingo
Benavides</p>
<p>3/64 Betty McDonald* Former Ruby employee who Suicide by hanging
<p>3/64 Betty McDonald* Former Ruby employee who Suicide by hanging
alibied Warren Reynolds in Dallas jail
shooting suspect</p>
<p>3/64 Bill Chesher Thought to have information Heart attack
<p>3/64 Bill Chesher Thought to have information Heart attack
linking Oswald and Ruby</p>
<p>3/64 Hank Killam* Husband of Ruby employee, Throat cut
<p>3/64 Hank Killam* Husband of Ruby employee, Throat cut
knew Oswald acquaintance</p>
<p>4/64 Bill Hunter* Reporter who was in Ruby's Accidental shooting
<p>4/64 Bill Hunter* Reporter who was in Ruby's Accidental shooting
apartment on 11/24/63 by policeman</p>
<p>5/64 Gary Underhill* CIA agent who claimed Gunshot in head,
<p>5/64 Gary Underhill* CIA agent who claimed Gunshot in head,
Agency was involved Ruled suicide</p>
<p>5/64 Hugh Ward* Private investigator working Plane crash in
<p>5/64 Hugh Ward* Private investigator working Plane crash in
with Guy Banister and David Mexico
Ferrie</p>
<p>5/64 DeLesseps Morrison* New Orleans mayor Passenger in Ward's
<p>5/64 DeLesseps Morrison* New Orleans mayor Passenger in Ward's
plane</p>
<p>8/64 Teresa Norton* Ruby employee Fatally shot</p>
<p>6/64 Guy Banister* Ex-FBI agent in New Orleans Heart attack
<p>8/64 Teresa Norton* Ruby employee Fatally shot</p>
<p>6/64 Guy Banister* Ex-FBI agent in New Orleans Heart attack
connected to Ferrie, CIA,
Carlos Marcello and Oswald</p>
<p>9/64 Jim Koethe* Reporter who was in Ruby's Blow to neck
<p>9/64 Jim Koethe* Reporter who was in Ruby's Blow to neck
apartment on 11/24/63</p>
<p>9/64 C.D. Jackson Life Magazine senior vice Unknown
<p>9/64 C.D. Jackson Life Magazine senior vice Unknown
president who bought Zapruder
film and locked it away</p>
<p>10/64 Mary Pinchot Meyer* JFK mistress whose diary was Murdered
<p>10/64 Mary Pinchot Meyer* JFK mistress whose diary was Murdered
taken by CIA chief James
Angleton after her death</p>
<p>1/65 Paul Mandal Life writer who told of JFK Cancer
<p>1/65 Paul Mandal Life writer who told of JFK Cancer
turning to rear when shot in
throat</p>
<p>3/65 Tom Howard* Ruby's first lawyer, was in Heart attack
<p>3/65 Tom Howard* Ruby's first lawyer, was in Heart attack
Ruby's apartment on 11/24/63</p>
<p>5/65 Maurice Gatlin* Pilot for Guy Banister Fatal Fall</p>
<p>8/65 Mona B. Saenz* Texas Employment clerk who Hit by Dallas bus
<p>5/65 Maurice Gatlin* Pilot for Guy Banister Fatal Fall</p>
<p>8/65 Mona B. Saenz* Texas Employment clerk who Hit by Dallas bus
interviewed Oswald</p>
<p>?/65 David Goldstein Dallasite who helped FBI Natural causes
<p>?/65 David Goldstein Dallasite who helped FBI Natural causes
trace Oswald's pistol</p>
<p>9/65 Rose Cheramie* Knew of assassination in Hit/run victim
<p>9/65 Rose Cheramie* Knew of assassination in Hit/run victim
advance, told of riding to
Dallas with Cubans</p>
<p>11/65 Dorothy Kilgallen* Columnist who had private Drug overdose
<p>11/65 Dorothy Kilgallen* Columnist who had private Drug overdose
interview with Ruby, pledged
to "break" JFK case</p>
<p>11/65 Mrs. Earl Smith* Close friend to Dorothy Unknown
<p>11/65 Mrs. Earl Smith* Close friend to Dorothy Unknown
Kilgallen, died two days
after columnist, may have
kept Kilgallen's notes</p>
<p>12/65 William Whaley* Cabdriver who reportedly Motor Collision
<p>12/65 William Whaley* Cabdriver who reportedly Motor Collision
drove Oswald to Oak Cliff (the only Dallas
taxi driver to
die on duty)</p>
<p>1966 Judge Joe Brown Presided over Ruby's trial Heart attack</p>
<p>1966 Karen "Little Lynn" Ruby employee who last talked Gunshot victim
<p>1966 Judge Joe Brown Presided over Ruby's trial Heart attack</p>
<p>1966 Karen "Little Lynn" Ruby employee who last talked Gunshot victim
Carlin* with Ruby before Oswald shooting</p>
<p>1/66 Earline Roberts Oswald's landlady Heart attack</p>
<p>2/66 Albert Bogard* Car salesman who said Oswald Suicide
<p>1/66 Earline Roberts Oswald's landlady Heart attack</p>
<p>2/66 Albert Bogard* Car salesman who said Oswald Suicide
test drove new car</p>
<p>6/66 Capt. Frank Martin Dallas police captain who Cancer
<p>6/66 Capt. Frank Martin Dallas police captain who Cancer
witnessed Oswald slaying,
told Warren Commission,
"There's a lot to be said,
but probably be better if I
don't say it."</p>
<p>8/66 Lee Bowers, Jr.* Witnessed men behind picket Motor accident
<p>8/66 Lee Bowers, Jr.* Witnessed men behind picket Motor accident
fence on Grassy Knoll</p>
<p>9/66 Marilyn "Delilah" Ruby dancer Shot by husband
<p>9/66 Marilyn "Delilah" Ruby dancer Shot by husband
Walle* after one month
of marriage</p>
<p>10/66 William Pitzer* JFK autopsy photographer Gunshot, ruled
<p>10/66 William Pitzer* JFK autopsy photographer Gunshot, ruled
who described his duty as suicide
"horrifying experience"</p>
<p>11/66 Jimmy Levens Fort Worth nightclub owner Natural causes
<p>11/66 Jimmy Levens Fort Worth nightclub owner Natural causes
who hired Ruby employee</p>
<p>11/66 James Worrell, Jr.* Saw man flee rear of Texas Motor accident
<p>11/66 James Worrell, Jr.* Saw man flee rear of Texas Motor accident
School Book Depository</p>
<p>1966 Clarence Oliver D.A. investigator who Unknown
<p>1966 Clarence Oliver D.A. investigator who Unknown
worked Ruby case</p>
<p>12/66 Hank Suydam Life magazine official in Heart attack
<p>12/66 Hank Suydam Life magazine official in Heart attack
charge of JFK stories</p>
<p> The Garrison Inquiry</p>
<p>Date Name Connection with Case Cause of Death</p>
<p>1967 Leonard Pullin Civilian Navy employee who One-car crash
<p> The Garrison Inquiry</p>
<p>Date Name Connection with Case Cause of Death</p>
<p>1967 Leonard Pullin Civilian Navy employee who One-car crash
helped film _Last Two Days_
about assassination</p>
<p>1/67 Jack Ruby Oswald's slayer Lung cancer (He
<p>1/67 Jack Ruby Oswald's slayer Lung cancer (He
told family he
was injected with
cancer cells.)</p>
<p>2/67 Harold Russell* Saw escape of Tippit killer Killed by cop in
<p>2/67 Harold Russell* Saw escape of Tippit killer Killed by cop in
bar brawl</p>
<p>2/67 David Ferrie* Acquaintance of Oswald, Blow to neck,
<p>2/67 David Ferrie* Acquaintance of Oswald, Blow to neck,
Garrison suspect, and ruled accidental
employee of Guy Banister</p>
<p>2/67 Eladio Del Valle* Anti-Castro Cuban associate Gunshot wound,
<p>2/67 Eladio Del Valle* Anti-Castro Cuban associate Gunshot wound,
of David Ferrie being sought ax wound to head
by Garrison</p>
<p>3/67 Dr. Mary Sherman* Ferrie associate working on Died in fire
<p>3/67 Dr. Mary Sherman* Ferrie associate working on Died in fire
cancer research (possibly shot)</p>
<p>1/68 A.D. Bowie Assistant Dallas D.A. Cancer
<p>1/68 A.D. Bowie Assistant Dallas D.A. Cancer
prosecuting Ruby</p>
<p>4/68 Hiram Ingram Dallas deputy sheriff, close Cancer
<p>4/68 Hiram Ingram Dallas deputy sheriff, close Cancer
friend to Roger Craig</p>
<p>5/68 Dr. Nicholas Chetta New Orleans coroner who ruled Heart attack
<p>5/68 Dr. Nicholas Chetta New Orleans coroner who ruled Heart attack
on death of Ferrie</p>
<p>8/68 Phillip Geraci* Friend of Perry Russo, told of Electrocution
<p>8/68 Phillip Geraci* Friend of Perry Russo, told of Electrocution
Oswald/Shaw connection</p>
<p>1/69 Henry Delaune* Brother-in-law to coroner Murdered
<p>1/69 Henry Delaune* Brother-in-law to coroner Murdered
Chetta</p>
<p>1/69 E.R. Walthers* Dallas deputy sheriff who Shot by felon
<p>1/69 E.R. Walthers* Dallas deputy sheriff who Shot by felon
was involved in Depository
search, claimed to have found
.45-cal slug</p>
<p>1969 Charles Mentesana Filmed rifle other than Heart attack
<p>1969 Charles Mentesana Filmed rifle other than Heart attack
Mannlicher-Carcano being taken
from Depository</p>
<p>4/69 Mary Bledsoe neighbor to Oswald, also Natural causes
<p>4/69 Mary Bledsoe neighbor to Oswald, also Natural causes
knew David Ferrie</p>
<p>4/69 John Crawford* Close friend to both Ruby and Crash of private
<p>4/69 John Crawford* Close friend to both Ruby and Crash of private
Wesley Frazier, who gave ride plane
to Oswald on 11/22/63</p>
<p>7/69 Rev. Clyde Johnson* Scheduled to testify about Fatally shot
<p>7/69 Rev. Clyde Johnson* Scheduled to testify about Fatally shot
Clay Shaw/Oswald connection</p>
<p>1970 George McGann* Underworld figure, connected Murdered
<p>1970 George McGann* Underworld figure, connected Murdered
to Ruby friends; wife, Beverly,
took film in Dealey Plaza</p>
<p>1/70 Darrell W. Garner Arrested for shooting Warren Drug overdose
<p>1/70 Darrell W. Garner Arrested for shooting Warren Drug overdose
Reynolds, released after
alibi from Betty McDonald</p>
<p>8/70 Bill Decker Dallas sheriff who saw bullet Natural causes
<p>8/70 Bill Decker Dallas sheriff who saw bullet Natural causes
hit street in front of JFK</p>
<p>8/70 Abraham Zapruder Took famous film of JFK Natural causes
<p>8/70 Abraham Zapruder Took famous film of JFK Natural causes
assassination</p>
<p>12/70 Salvatore Granello* Mobster linked to Hoffa, Murdered
<p>12/70 Salvatore Granello* Mobster linked to Hoffa, Murdered
Trafficante, and Castro
assassination plots</p>
<p>1971 James Plumeri* Mobster tied to mob-CIA Murdered
<p>1971 James Plumeri* Mobster tied to mob-CIA Murdered
assassination plots</p>
<p>3/71 Clayton Fowler Ruby's chief defense attorney Unknown</p>
<p>4/71 Gen. Charles Cabell* CIA deputy director connected Collapsed and
<p>3/71 Clayton Fowler Ruby's chief defense attorney Unknown</p>
<p>4/71 Gen. Charles Cabell* CIA deputy director connected Collapsed and
to anti-Castro Cubans died after
physical at Ft.
Myers</p>
<p> The Church Committee Investigation</p>
<p>Date Name Connection with Case Cause of Death</p>
<p>1972 Hale Boggs* House majority leader, member Disappeared on
<p> The Church Committee Investigation</p>
<p>Date Name Connection with Case Cause of Death</p>
<p>1972 Hale Boggs* House majority leader, member Disappeared on
of Warren Commission who began Alaskan plane
to publicly express doubts flight
doubts about findings</p>
<p>5/72 J. Edgar Hoover* FBI director who pushed "Lone Heart attack (no
<p>5/72 J. Edgar Hoover* FBI director who pushed "Lone Heart attack (no
assassin" theory in JFK autopsy)
assassination</p>
<p>9/73 Thomas E. Davis* Gun runner connected to both Electrocuted
<p>9/73 Thomas E. Davis* Gun runner connected to both Electrocuted
Ruby and CIA trying to steal
wire</p>
<p>2/74 J.A. Milteer* Miami right-winger who Heater explosion
<p>2/74 J.A. Milteer* Miami right-winger who Heater explosion
predicted JFK's death and
capture of scapegoat</p>
<p>1974 Dave Yaras* Close friend to both Hoffa Murdered
<p>1974 Dave Yaras* Close friend to both Hoffa Murdered
and Jack Ruby</p>
<p>7/74 Earl Warren Chief justice who reluctantly Heart failure
<p>7/74 Earl Warren Chief justice who reluctantly Heart failure
chaired Warren Commission</p>
<p>8/74 Clay Shaw* Prime suspect in Garrison Possible cancer
<p>8/74 Clay Shaw* Prime suspect in Garrison Possible cancer
case, reportedly a CIA
contact with Ferrie and E.
Howard Hunt</p>
<p>1974 Earle Cabell Mayor of Dallas on 11/22/63, Natural causes
<p>1974 Earle Cabell Mayor of Dallas on 11/22/63, Natural causes
whose brother, Gen. Charles
Cabell, was fired from CIA by
JFK</p>
<p>6/75 Sam Giancana* Chicago Mafia boss slated to Murdered
<p>6/75 Sam Giancana* Chicago Mafia boss slated to Murdered
tell about CIA-mob death plots
to Senate Committee</p>
<p>1975 Clyde Tolson J. Edgar Hoover's assistant Natural causes
<p>1975 Clyde Tolson J. Edgar Hoover's assistant Natural causes
and roommate</p>
<p>7/75 Allan Sweatt Dallas deputy sheriff involved Natural causes
<p>7/75 Allan Sweatt Dallas deputy sheriff involved Natural causes
in investigation</p>
<p>12/75 Gen. Earl Wheeler Contact between JFK and CIA Unknown</p>
<p>1976 Ralph Paul Ruby's business partner Heart attack
<p>12/75 Gen. Earl Wheeler Contact between JFK and CIA Unknown</p>
<p>1976 Ralph Paul Ruby's business partner Heart attack
connected with crime figures</p>
<p>4/76 James Chaney Dallas motorcycle officer Heart attack
<p>4/76 James Chaney Dallas motorcycle officer Heart attack
to JFK's right rear who said
JFK "struck in the face" with
bullet</p>
<p>4/76 Dr. Charles Gregory Governor John Connally's Heart attack
<p>4/76 Dr. Charles Gregory Governor John Connally's Heart attack
physician</p>
<p>6/76 William Harvey* CIA coordinator for CIA-mob Complications of
<p>6/76 William Harvey* CIA coordinator for CIA-mob Complications of
assassination plans against heart surgery
Castro</p>
<p>7/76 John Roselli* Mobster who testified to Stabbed and
<p>7/76 John Roselli* Mobster who testified to Stabbed and
Senate committee, was to stuffed in metal
appear again drum</p>
<p> 1977 - A Terrible Year for Many</p>
<p> The year 1977 produced a bumper crop of candidates for listing under
<p> 1977 - A Terrible Year for Many</p>
<p> The year 1977 produced a bumper crop of candidates for listing under
convenient deaths connected with the JFK assassination - including the deaths
of six top FBI officials all of whom were scheduled to testify before the
House Select Committee on Assassinations.
@ -381,71 +382,72 @@ one day before he was scheduled to testify about mob-CIA connections and
while under government protection.
Prior to the House Committee investigation into the JFK assassination,
the news media reported the following deaths:</p>
<p>Date Name Connection with Case Cause of Death</p>
<p>1/77 William Pawley* Former Brazilian ambassador Gunshot, ruled
<p>Date Name Connection with Case Cause of Death</p>
<p>1/77 William Pawley* Former Brazilian ambassador Gunshot, ruled
connected to anti-Castro suicide
Cubans, crime figures</p>
<p>3/77 George Close friend to both Oswald Gunshot wound,
<p>3/77 George Close friend to both Oswald Gunshot wound,
DeMohrenschildt* and Bouvier family (Jackie ruled suicide
Kennedy's parents), CIA
contract agent</p>
<p>3/77 Carlos Prio Former Cuban president, Gunshot wound,
<p>3/77 Carlos Prio Former Cuban president, Gunshot wound,
Soccaras* money man for anti-Castro ruled suicide
Cubans</p>
<p>3/77 Paul Raigorodsky Business friend of George Natural causes
<p>3/77 Paul Raigorodsky Business friend of George Natural causes
DeMohrenschildt and wealthy
oilmen</p>
<p>5/77 Lou Staples* Dallas radio talk show host Gunshot to head,
<p>5/77 Lou Staples* Dallas radio talk show host Gunshot to head,
who told friends he would ruled suicide
break case</p>
<p>6/77 Louis Nichols Former number-three man in Heart attack
<p>6/77 Louis Nichols Former number-three man in Heart attack
FBI, worked on JFK
investigation</p>
<p>8/77 Alan Belmont FBI official who testified to "Long illness"
<p>8/77 Alan Belmont FBI official who testified to "Long illness"
Warren Commission</p>
<p>8/77 James Cadigan FBI document expert who Fall in home
<p>8/77 James Cadigan FBI document expert who Fall in home
testified to Warren Commission</p>
<p>8/77 Joseph C. Ayres* Chief steward on JFK's Shooting accident
<p>8/77 Joseph C. Ayres* Chief steward on JFK's Shooting accident
Air Force One</p>
<p>8/77 Francis G. Powers* U-2 pilot downed over Russia Helicopter crash
<p>8/77 Francis G. Powers* U-2 pilot downed over Russia Helicopter crash
in 1960 (he reportedly
ran out of fuel)</p>
<p>9/77 Kenneth O'Donnell JFK's closest aide Natural causes</p>
<p>10/77 Donald Kaylor FBI fingerprint chemist Heart attack</p>
<p>10/77 J.M. English Former head of FBI Forensic Heart attack
<p>9/77 Kenneth O'Donnell JFK's closest aide Natural causes</p>
<p>10/77 Donald Kaylor FBI fingerprint chemist Heart attack</p>
<p>10/77 J.M. English Former head of FBI Forensic Heart attack
Sciences Laboratory</p>
<p>11/77 William Sullivan* Former number-three man in Hunting accident
<p>11/77 William Sullivan* Former number-three man in Hunting accident
FBI, headed Division 5,
counterespionage and
domestic intelligence</p>
<p>1978 C.L. "Lummie" Lewis Dallas deputy sheriff who Natural causes
<p>1978 C.L. "Lummie" Lewis Dallas deputy sheriff who Natural causes
arrested Mafia man Braden in
Dealey Plaza</p>
<p>9/78 Garland Slack Man who said his target was Unknown
<p>9/78 Garland Slack Man who said his target was Unknown
fired at by Oswald at rifle
range</p>
<p>1/79 Billy Lovelady Depository employee said to be Complications
<p>1/79 Billy Lovelady Depository employee said to be Complications
the man in the doorway in AP from heart attack
photograph</p>
<p>6/80 Dr. John Holbrook Psychiatrist who testified Heart attack, but
<p>6/80 Dr. John Holbrook Psychiatrist who testified Heart attack, but
Ruby was not insane pills, notes found</p>
<p>1/81 Marguerite Oswald Mother of accused assassin Cancer</p>
<p>10/81 Frank Watts Chief felony prosecutor for Natural causes
<p>1/81 Marguerite Oswald Mother of accused assassin Cancer</p>
<p>10/81 Frank Watts Chief felony prosecutor for Natural causes
Dallas D.A.</p>
<p>1/82 Peter Gregory original translator for Natural causes
<p>1/82 Peter Gregory original translator for Natural causes
Marina Oswald and Secret
Service</p>
<p>5/82 Dr. James Weston Pathologist allowed to see Died while
<p>5/82 Dr. James Weston Pathologist allowed to see Died while
JFK autopsy material for jogging, ruled
HSCA natural causes</p>
<p>8/82 Will H. Griffin FBI agent who reportedly Cancer
<p>8/82 Will H. Griffin FBI agent who reportedly Cancer
said Oswald was "definitely"
an FBI informant</p>
<p>10/82 W. Marvin Gheesling FBI official who helped Natural causes
<p>10/82 W. Marvin Gheesling FBI official who helped Natural causes
supervise JFK investigation</p>
<p>3/84 Roy Kellerman Secret Service agent in charge Unknown
<p>3/84 Roy Kellerman Secret Service agent in charge Unknown
if JFK limousine
--- end
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

60
pre-src-xml/democ-pr.xml
View File

@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>PRODUCER INTERESTS VS. THE PUBLIC INTEREST: THE ORIGIN OF
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>PRODUCER INTERESTS VS. THE PUBLIC INTEREST: THE ORIGIN OF
DEMOCRATIZED PRIVILEGE</p>
<p>By RICHARD M. EBELING</p>
<p>In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith constructed some of the
<p>By RICHARD M. EBELING</p>
<p>In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith constructed some of the
most devastating arguments against the then-prevailing system
of economic policy--mercantilism. In practically every country
in Europe, governments regulated, controlled and planned the
@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ stitches should be used in attaching a button to a shirt. In
Austria, the state limited the period in which people could be
in mourning so that the dye-makers would not lose the business
of selling colored cloth.</p>
<p>Adam Smith demonstrated that rather than bringing prosperity,
<p>Adam Smith demonstrated that rather than bringing prosperity,
mercantilism had retarded economic progress. Governments, he
argued, had neither the wisdom nor the ability to plan the
economic affairs of a multitude of people. If governments
@ -23,22 +24,22 @@ manage their own affairs. And when left to do so in an open,
competitive market, the natural forces of supply and demand
would generate a rising prosperity for all. Free men in free
markets were the ultimate source of the wealth of nations.</p>
<p>But having presented the case for free markets, Adam Smith was
<p>But having presented the case for free markets, Adam Smith was
not optimistic about the future. To expect that a regime of
free trade would ever be established was, he said, as likely
as the establishment of a utopia. "Not only the prejudices of
the public," he despaired, "but what is much more
unconquerable, the private interests of many individuals
irresistibly oppose it."</p>
<p>Governments had turned over many industries and trades to
<p>Governments had turned over many industries and trades to
private monopolies, whose interests were clearly opposed to
open competition. Special-interest groups, with their
government-bestowed privileges, were too strong ever to be
defeated.</p>
<p>Within one lifetime, however, Smith was proven to be wrong. By
<p>Within one lifetime, however, Smith was proven to be wrong. By
the middle of the 19th century, England was a free-trade
nation and many other nations were following its path.</p>
<p>But in our century, governments once again use their power to
<p>But in our century, governments once again use their power to
regulate the marketplace, protect various industries from
foreign and domestic competition, and limit entry into markets
through licensing procedures. Mercantilism has returned; and
@ -51,9 +52,9 @@ for a piece of the economic pie--not through open competition
for consumer business, but through the political process to
gain a greater share by manipulating the market. Ours is the
era of democratized privilege.</p>
<p>Why have free societies all around the world become
<p>Why have free societies all around the world become
battlegrounds for political privilege and economic plunder?</p>
<p>The answer is to be found in one of Adam Smith's most famous
<p>The answer is to be found in one of Adam Smith's most famous
ideas: the division of labor. "The division of labor," Smith
explained, "so far as it can be introduced, occasions in every
art, a proportionate increase of the productive powers of
@ -65,29 +66,29 @@ kinds of goods and services. The members of society trade away
the large quantities of each commodity they respectively
produce for all the other goods offered by their fellows in
the market arena.</p>
<p>Society's members give up the independence of economic self-sufficiency for the interdependence of a social system of
<p>Society's members give up the independence of economic self-sufficiency for the interdependence of a social system of
division of labor. But the gain is a much higher standard of
living than any one of them could ever hope to attain just by
using his own capabilities to fulfill all his wants and
desires through his own labor.</p>
<p>Each individual is now dependent upon others in the society
<p>Each individual is now dependent upon others in the society
for the vast majority of the goods and services he wishes to
use and consume. But in a competitive market setting, this
works to his advantage. Sellers vie with one another for his
consumer business.</p>
<p>They underbid each other and offer him attractively lower
<p>They underbid each other and offer him attractively lower
prices; they devise ways to produce and market new and
improved products. As consumer, the individual is the master
of the market, whom all sellers must serve if they are to
obtain his business.</p>
<p>Viewed from the perspective of the consumer, the competitive
<p>Viewed from the perspective of the consumer, the competitive
market serves the public interest. The resources of society
are effectively applied and put to work to satisfy the various
wants and desires of the individuals of that society. The
products which are manufactured are determined by the free
choices of all of the demanders in the marketplace.
Production serves consumption.</p>
<p>But the market looks totally different from the perspective of
<p>But the market looks totally different from the perspective of
the individual producers. They, too, are dependent upon the
market: they are dependent upon buyers willing to purchase
what they have for sale. While the market serves every one as
@ -96,19 +97,19 @@ successful as a producer. And his success as a producer
depends upon his ability to market and sell his products or to
find willing buyers for his particular labor skills and
abilities.</p>
<p>As a consequence, for each producer the price of his own
<p>As a consequence, for each producer the price of his own
product or labor service tends to be more important than the
prices of all of the multitude of consumer goods he might
purchase. Because unless he earns the necessary financial
wherewithal in his producer role, he cannot be a consumer.</p>
<p>Being the consumer of many things, but the producer of usually
<p>Being the consumer of many things, but the producer of usually
one thing, each seller tends to view competition as a
financial threat to his position in the market as well as to
his specific share of the market. The incentive for each
producer, therefore, is to want to limit entry into his corner
of the market, or to reduce the amount of competition
currently existing in his industry or profession.</p>
<p>The only avenue for limiting competition, however, is the
<p>The only avenue for limiting competition, however, is the
government. Only the government has the ultimate authority to
permanently prohibit those who think they could do better in
the market and who desire to try. Producers, therefore, have
@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ the government to secure profits are less than the costs of
earning profits by making better and less expensive products,
producers will resort to lobbying and politicking to achieve
their ends.</p>
<p>The dilemma for the society is that when producers lobby in
<p>The dilemma for the society is that when producers lobby in
the political process for profits via government privilege,
this results in a using-up of resources that otherwise could
have been invested in making products desired by consumers.
@ -130,49 +131,50 @@ political protections and privileges, have fewer incentives
for making product improvements. Therefore, the normal,
competitive forces that over time would result in better
and greater supplies of goods are retarded,</p>
<p>When government is viewed as the means for acquiring income
<p>When government is viewed as the means for acquiring income
"entitlements," job "guarantees" and "fair" (rather than open)
markets, producer interests will always win over the public,
i.e., consumer, interest. Because most individual sellers will
view that they have more to lose from competition as producers
than they have to gain from competition as consumers.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, the pursuit of producer-protection policies
<p>Unfortunately, the pursuit of producer-protection policies
through government has a perverse outcome: the society as a
whole is poorer than it otherwise would be. Every privilege
and protection raises the prices, narrows the variety and
lowers the quality of the goods available to all of us as
consumers.</p>
<p>How, then, do we reverse our age of democratized privilege, in
<p>How, then, do we reverse our age of democratized privilege, in
which politics is reduced to a free-for-all for mutual plunder
and economic power? The answer is not an easy one nor one that
offers a "quick fix."</p>
<p>A turn from our era of neo-mercantilism, with its philosophy
<p>A turn from our era of neo-mercantilism, with its philosophy
of privileges for all who can win on the political battle
field, requires a moral revolution on the part of each of us.
It requires each and every one of us to apply the rules of
personal conduct to the arena of politics.</p>
<p>In our personal conduct, few of us would feel morally right in
<p>In our personal conduct, few of us would feel morally right in
forcibly preventing a buyer from leaving our respective
business establishment until he paid the price we wanted him
to pay. Nor would we feel morally correct in taking a sum of
money out of another's pocket without his consent simply
because he considered our price for our products or labor
services too high.</p>
<p>Yet this is done all of the time through the political
<p>Yet this is done all of the time through the political
process. Not until we come to accept that the rules of
morality that apply in personal conduct must be the same rules
we follow in politics will the age of democratized privilege
and plunder come to an end. And, alas, we seem a long way off
from seeing that day!</p>
<p>Professor Ebeling is the Ludwig von Mises Professor of
<p>Professor Ebeling is the Ludwig von Mises Professor of
Economics at Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, Michigan, and also
serves as vice-president of academic affairs for The Future of
Freedom Foundation, P.O. Box 9752, Denver, CO 80209.</p>
<p>------------------------------------------------------------
<p>------------------------------------------------------------
From the March 1991 issue of FREEDOM DAILY,
Copyright (c) 1991, The Future of Freedom Foundation,
PO Box 9752, Denver, Colorado 80209, 303-777-3588.
Permission granted to reprint; please give appropriate credit
and send one copy of reprinted material to the Foundation.
</p>
</div>
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@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Desktop genetic engineering.</p>
<p>By Kevin Kelly</p>
<p>I spent a day recently a biotechnology trade show, snooping around the
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Desktop genetic engineering.</p>
<p>By Kevin Kelly</p>
<p>I spent a day recently a biotechnology trade show, snooping around the
aisles of plumbing and lob gear to see how close we ore to having gene
equipment that would work in a suburban garage. was looking for
off-the-shelf components that could be assembled by a dedicated individual
@ -43,20 +44,21 @@ biotechnology is still at least a decade away, if only because of the price
$50000 for each of these machines alone)aond the expertise Ph.0) needed to
get them going. -Kevin Kelly Information from: Applied Biosystems, inc.,
850 Lincoln Center Drive, Foster City, CA 94404.</p>
<p>X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
<p>X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
Rat Head Ratsnatcher 510-524-3649
Burn This Flag Zardoz 408-363-9766
realitycheck Poindexter Fortran 415-567-7043
Lies Unlimited Mick Freen 415-583-4102</p>
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
arcane knowledge, political extremism, diversive sexuality,
insane speculation, and wild rumours. ALL-TEXT BBS SYSTEMS.</p>
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
where you live, or what your phone number is. We are not Big Brother.</p>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X
</p>
</div>
</div>
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@ -1,144 +1,146 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BLUEPRINT FOR U.S. DICTATORSHIP PLACES INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AT RISK</p>
<p> By Mike Blair
<p> By Mike Blair
Exclusive to The SPOTLIGHT</p>
<p>Washington, DC -- During the Persian Gulf war and the military buildup
<p>Washington, DC -- During the Persian Gulf war and the military buildup
leading to it, President George Bush began using the term "New World
Order," often suggesting that the commitment of so-called multinational
forces involved in the military effort was the beginning of this alleged
worldwide utopia.</p>
<p> Supposedly using the vehicle of the United Nations, Bush's New World
<p> Supposedly using the vehicle of the United Nations, Bush's New World
Order would be the arbitrator of all world problems and the apparatus to
enforce globalist dictates through the use of armed forces combined from
the armies of member nations. The UN law would be, regardless of the
nationalist interests of individual countries, the final word.</p>
<p> Actually, even the mention of a New World Order would normally be
<p> Actually, even the mention of a New World Order would normally be
anathema to thinking Americans and, in particular, conservative political
leaders and civil libertarians.</p>
<p> SINISTER TECHNOLOGY</p>
<p> It is also surprising to many critics of the move toward one-world
<p> SINISTER TECHNOLOGY</p>
<p> It is also surprising to many critics of the move toward one-world
government that Bush would even dare choose the term "New World Order" to
define his globalist schemes. However, most Americans alive today were
born after World War II, when propaganda of the so-called Allied powers
used the terms of "New Order" or "New World Order" to describe in a
sinister way the military efforts of Japan and, in particular, Germany
under Adolf Hitler.</p>
<p> Few, it seems, have taken the time to analyze just what Bush has in
<p> Few, it seems, have taken the time to analyze just what Bush has in
mind for his New World Order, of which America is to become an integral
part, starting with supplying about 90 percent of the muscle, and young
lives, that tackled and defeated Iraqi strongman Saddam Hussein's Arab
legions.</p>
<p> However, patriotic Constitutional scholars know that Bush's New World
<p> However, patriotic Constitutional scholars know that Bush's New World
Order is the worst attack ever on America as a sovereign, independent and
free nation.</p>
<p> BEGAN WITH WILSON</p>
<p> Efforts to form a global government are certainly nothing new.
<p> BEGAN WITH WILSON</p>
<p> Efforts to form a global government are certainly nothing new.
American political leaders, who were concerned with America first, were
able to overcome the internationalist, one-world government machinations of
President Woodrow Wilson following world war I. Wilson was prevented from
realizing his visions of a New World Order, through the League of Nations,
by a powerful Senate opposition, which refused to rubber-stamp for Wilson
U.S. membership in the world body.</p>
<p> A few decades later, however, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt,
<p> A few decades later, however, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt,
near the end of World War II, was able to get his one-world plans under way
by laying the groundwork for today's United Nations, which was completed
under his successor, Harry S. Truman.</p>
<p> A few years later, that membership in an UN-mandated war in Korea cost
<p> A few years later, that membership in an UN-mandated war in Korea cost
America 35000 young lives.</p>
<p> The problem that one-worlders have always encountered, of course, is
<p> The problem that one-worlders have always encountered, of course, is
the U.S. Constitution, which has stood as a bulwark against any globalist
schemes.</p>
<p> Nevertheless, American presidents since Roosevelt have insidiously
<p> Nevertheless, American presidents since Roosevelt have insidiously
chipped away at the great powers of the people, written into the
Constitution by America's immortal Founding Fathers, with the use of so-called executive orders.</p>
<p> CAUSE FOR ALARM</p>
<p> Americans should be deeply alarmed that those presidents have signed a
<p> CAUSE FOR ALARM</p>
<p> Americans should be deeply alarmed that those presidents have signed a
series of executive orders (EOs) which, under the guise of any national
emergency declared by the president serving at the time, can virtually
suspend the Constitution and convert the nation into a virtual
dictatorship. Dissent, peaceful or otherwise, is eliminated.</p>
<p> Those backing efforts to circumvent the Constitution may have gotten
<p> Those backing efforts to circumvent the Constitution may have gotten
the idea from President Abraham Lincoln, whose use of various extraordinary
powers of his office -- which many Constitutional scholars still insist was
illegal -- suspended various civil rights to curb such problems as draft
riots during the Civil War.</p>
<p> In 1862, Congress enacted the Enrollment Act to allow the drafting of
<p> In 1862, Congress enacted the Enrollment Act to allow the drafting of
young men for the Union Army. The act was rife with inequities, such as
the provision which allowed a man to pay $300 or hire a substitute to take
his place. This hated "Rich Man's Exemption," as it was called, angered
the average American of military age and in particular young Irish
immigrants in New York City.</p>
<p> A riot erupted in New York in 1863, and it resulted in Lincoln using
<p> A riot erupted in New York in 1863, and it resulted in Lincoln using
some extraordinary powers of his office to keep the Union from falling
apart from within.</p>
<p> But over the years, presidents have used these powers for purposes
<p> But over the years, presidents have used these powers for purposes
never intended by the Founding Fathers.</p>
<p> INDIANS VICTIMIZED</p>
<p> President John Tyler used such powers in 1842 to round up Seminole
<p> INDIANS VICTIMIZED</p>
<p> President John Tyler used such powers in 1842 to round up Seminole
Indians in Georgia and Florida and force-march them -- men, women and
children -- to Arkansas. This was probably the first use of internment in
America to deal with unpopular minorities. It was not the last.</p>
<p> In 1886, the Geronimo Chiricahua Apache Indians surrendered to U.S.
<p> In 1886, the Geronimo Chiricahua Apache Indians surrendered to U.S.
troops in the West, were rounded up by order of President Grover Cleveland,
and shipped to internment in Florida and Alabama.</p>
<p> Earlier, during the War Between the States, Sioux Indians in
<p> Earlier, during the War Between the States, Sioux Indians in
Minnesota, when there was a delay in paying them their yearly allowance,
began attacking nearby white settlements. Lincoln sent in a hastily raised
force of volunteers under Col. H. H. Sibley. Little Crow, leader of the
Kaposia band, was decisively defeated by the Union troops on September 23,
1862, and more than 2000 Sioux were taken captive, although Little Crow
himself and a few followers escaped.</p>
<p> Through the process of a military tribunal, sanctioned by Lincoln, 36
<p> Through the process of a military tribunal, sanctioned by Lincoln, 36
Sioux leaders were publicly hanged. Whether the Sioux executed were
innocent or guilty was apparently immaterial. The revolt was quelled, and
the Minnesota Sioux were all moved to reservations in Dakota.</p>
<p> These instances of the nation's executive branch taking extraordinary
<p> These instances of the nation's executive branch taking extraordinary
measures to confine, or intern, American Indians are just a few of many
examples.</p>
<p> More recent examples of interning minorities by executive order
<p> More recent examples of interning minorities by executive order
occurred during World War I and World War II.</p>
<p> During World War I, an unknown number of German-Americans were rounded
<p> During World War I, an unknown number of German-Americans were rounded
up by federal authorities and interned until after the war. In addition,
regardless of the First Amendment of the Constitution, which guarantees
freedom of speech and of the press. German-language newspapers, published
within German-American communities in the United States, were banned.</p>
<p> WW II INTERNMENTS</p>
<p> After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, within
<p> WW II INTERNMENTS</p>
<p> After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, within
days the FBI rounded up tens of thousands of Japanese-Americans, guilty
only of being of Japanese ancestry, under the authority of an executive
order issued by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The lists of those to
be apprehended had been drawn up months earlier, before the war.</p>
<p> Held in concentration camps, the perimeters guarded by U.S. soldiers
<p> Held in concentration camps, the perimeters guarded by U.S. soldiers
armed with machine guns, the mostly innocent and patriotic Japanese-Americans were not released until after the war.</p>
<p> Congress has recently passed legislation extending the nation's
<p> Congress has recently passed legislation extending the nation's
apologies to the Japanese-Americans and extending them compensation for
their years of confinement.</p>
<p> However, no apology or compensation has ever been extended to the more
<p> However, no apology or compensation has ever been extended to the more
than 8000 German-Americans who were confined in dozens of jails and camps
across the United States, also by order of Roosevelt.</p>
<p> Many were not released until 1947, a full two years after the end of
<p> Many were not released until 1947, a full two years after the end of
the war, in total violation of the Geneva Conventions.</p>
<p> "What happened to me and thousands of others is old history," said
<p> "What happened to me and thousands of others is old history," said
Eberhard Fuhr of Cincinnati, who was interned at 17 years of age, "but the
next time it could be any other group, which is then not politically
correct, or out of favor for any other reason (SPOTLIGHT, May 20, 1991).</p>
<p> Fuhr's warning, of course, had already been proved correct just
<p> Fuhr's warning, of course, had already been proved correct just
several months earlier when, under orders of Bush, the FBI hounded
thousands of innocent Arab-Americans as the U.S. prepared for the Persian
Gulf conflict.</p>
<p> Only the efforts of a handful of irate U.S. Congressmen halted the
<p> Only the efforts of a handful of irate U.S. Congressmen halted the
harassment but not until after a number of U.S. military bases were
selected as sites of internment camps for Arab-Americans and war
dissenters.</p>
<p>Reproduced with permission from a special supplement to _The Spotlight_,
<p>Reproduced with permission from a special supplement to _The Spotlight_,
May 25, 1992. This text may be freely reproduced provided acknowledgement
to The Spotlight appears, including this address:</p>
<p> The SPOTLIGHT
<p> The SPOTLIGHT
300 Independence Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20003
</p>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DICTATORSHIP POSSIBLE HERE</p>
<p> By Lawrence Wilmot and Martin Mann
<p> By Lawrence Wilmot and Martin Mann
Exclusive to The SPOTLIGHT</p>
<p>Washington, DC -- Hidden in the bureaucratic maze Washington politicians
<p>Washington, DC -- Hidden in the bureaucratic maze Washington politicians
call "our Constitutional system of government," a little-known federal
agency is quietly making plans to turn the United States into a
dictatorship.</p>
<p> There are "stacks of blueprints" in the top-secret safe of the Federal
<p> There are "stacks of blueprints" in the top-secret safe of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) designed to convert American society
into a "command system," a former deputy administrator of the agency has
told The SPOTLIGHT's investigative team.</p>
<p> In a private interview, allowing him to remain anonymous, this highly
<p> In a private interview, allowing him to remain anonymous, this highly
placed source confirmed that the procedures developed by FEMA to "suspend"
the Constitution and to round up thousands of dissenters nationwide can be
activated by a simple phone call from the White House.</p>
<p> "Even people who have become aware of FEMA's existence and know
<p> "Even people who have become aware of FEMA's existence and know
something about its activities -- not many do -- think the word 'Emergency'
in its designation means it will go into action only in case of a natural
disaster or perhaps a surprise nuclear attack," related this expert.</p>
<p> "In reality, however, this outfit can be mobilized whenever the
<p> "In reality, however, this outfit can be mobilized whenever the
politicians occupying the White House decide they need special -- and
extra-Constitutional -- powers to impose their will on the nation."</p>
<p> As Liberty Lobby first revealed, FEMA's bureaucrats can then proceed
<p> As Liberty Lobby first revealed, FEMA's bureaucrats can then proceed
to:</p>
<p> * Take over all farms, ranches or timberland in order to "utilize them
<p> * Take over all farms, ranches or timberland in order to "utilize them
more effectively" as decreed in Executive Order (EO) 11490, the so-called omnibus emergency preparedness decree promulgated by President
Richard Nixon on October 28, 1969.</p>
<p> * Seize all sources of public power: electric, nuclear, petroleum, etc.</p>
<p> * Freeze all wages, prices and bank accounts.</p>
<p> * Take over all communications media.</p>
<p> A FORCE OF FACELESS FEDS</p>
<p> Such totalitarian measures can be imposed by bureaucrats under FEMA's
<p> * Seize all sources of public power: electric, nuclear, petroleum, etc.</p>
<p> * Freeze all wages, prices and bank accounts.</p>
<p> * Take over all communications media.</p>
<p> A FORCE OF FACELESS FEDS</p>
<p> Such totalitarian measures can be imposed by bureaucrats under FEMA's
direction, not just in the face of a cataclysmic upheaval, but "[w]henever
necessary for assuring the continuity of the federal government in any
national emergency type situation," decreed a subsequent White House ukase,
EO 11921, issued by President Gerald Ford in April 1976.</p>
<p> Can such a blueprint for tyranny be clamped on the United States by a
<p> Can such a blueprint for tyranny be clamped on the United States by a
force of faceless federal officials? It is the role of FEMA has been
preparing for most intensively, says the former high agency administrator.</p>
<p> "In recent years, despite talk of spending cuts, FEMA's budget has
<p> "In recent years, despite talk of spending cuts, FEMA's budget has
been steadily increasing," revealed this knowledgeable source. "It now
stands at somewhere around $3 billion annually. I say 'somewhere' because
part of this agency's funding is appropriated under so-called black
programs, submitted to Congress with the defense budget without an
explanation of its purpose, aping the secret CIA appropriation."</p>
<p> FEMA can draw on the defense budget and on the protection of the
<p> FEMA can draw on the defense budget and on the protection of the
secrecy reserved for national security projects because it came into being
under President Jimmy Carter in a move that merged the civil defense and
disaster relief responsibilities formerly shared by the Pentagon, the
Commerce Department and the General Services Administration under a single
powerful agency.</p>
<p> WHAT'S FEMA REALLY UP TO?</p>
<p> But FEMA's real focus is not on disaster relief, knowledgeable sources
<p> WHAT'S FEMA REALLY UP TO?</p>
<p> But FEMA's real focus is not on disaster relief, knowledgeable sources
say. An investigation of this little-known agency, conducted earlier this
year by the General Accounting Office (GAO), the congressional watchdog
unit, has found that less than 10 percent of FEMA's staff -- 230
bureaucrats out of an estimated 2600 -- are assigned full-time to
preparing for and dealing with major natural disasters such as storms or
earthquakes.</p>
<p> What, then, is FEMA really up to? The SPOTLIGHT's investigative team
<p> What, then, is FEMA really up to? The SPOTLIGHT's investigative team
has obtained an advance copy of the GAO report on this secretive agency.</p>
<p> The study's surprising findings have been reviewed with the help of
<p> The study's surprising findings have been reviewed with the help of
well-placed confidential sources, in order to bring into full view, for the
first time, the federal bureaucracy's secret blueprint for tyranny in
America.</p>
<p>Reproduced with permission from a special supplement to _The Spotlight_,
<p>Reproduced with permission from a special supplement to _The Spotlight_,
May 25, 1992. This text may be freely reproduced provided acknowledgement
to The Spotlight appears, including this address:</p>
<p> The SPOTLIGHT
<p> The SPOTLIGHT
300 Independence Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20003</p>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> (word processor parameters LM=8, RM=75, TM=2, BM=2)
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> (word processor parameters LM=8, RM=75, TM=2, BM=2)
Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
Sponsored by Vangard Sciences
PO BOX 1031
Mesquite, TX 75150</p>
<p> October 17, 1990</p>
<p> listed on KeelyNet as FOOD1.ZIP
<p> October 17, 1990</p>
<p> listed on KeelyNet as FOOD1.ZIP
--------------------------------------------------------------------
FBI License Plate Codes</p>
<p> Somewhere in the vicinity of 2500 Soviet and Eastern European
<p> Somewhere in the vicinity of 2500 Soviet and Eastern European
officials live in the United States at any given time. The U.S.
State Department estimates that 30% to 40% of them are spies.</p>
<p> This comes to about 900 working spies in the diplomatic corps.</p>
<p> It is a very difficult job to keep track of the comings and goings
<p> This comes to about 900 working spies in the diplomatic corps.</p>
<p> It is a very difficult job to keep track of the comings and goings
of these "diplomats", so the government has developed coded
diplomatic license plates.</p>
<p> The code applies ONLY to diplomatic plates which are conspicuously
<p> The code applies ONLY to diplomatic plates which are conspicuously
red, white and blue with the word DIPLOMAT printed at the top.</p>
<p> All diplomatic licenses have a D. The other two letters indicate
<p> All diplomatic licenses have a D. The other two letters indicate
the nation. SX for example, indicates that the car carries diplomats
from the Soviet Union.</p>
<p> FBI counter-intelligence agents are given wallet-sized cards listing
<p> FBI counter-intelligence agents are given wallet-sized cards listing
the codes for eighteen "problem" nations.</p>
<p> These nations are identified by the following codes :</p>
<p> Albania CP Libya FM
<p> These nations are identified by the following codes :</p>
<p> Albania CP Libya FM
Bulgaria OM Nicaragua QU
China CY North Korea GQ
Cuba DC Poland QW
@ -33,18 +34,19 @@ East Germany TJ South Africa FY
Hungary KH Soviet Union SX
Iran DM Syria AQ
Iraq TS Vietnam LD</p>
<p> The Washington Post published the code against the wishes of the
<p> The Washington Post published the code against the wishes of the
State Department. They feared RAMBO types might attack diplomatic
vehicles of countries they did not like.
--------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> If you have comments or other information relating to such topics as
<p> If you have comments or other information relating to such topics as
this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the Vangard
Sciences address as listed on the first page. Thank you for your
consideration, interest and support.</p>
<p> Jerry W. Decker...Ron Barker.....Chuck Henderson
<p> Jerry W. Decker...Ron Barker.....Chuck Henderson
Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet</p>
<p> --------------------------------------------------------------------
<p> --------------------------------------------------------------------
If we can be of service, you may contact
Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 242-9346
--------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
</div>
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<div class="article">
<p>Carolee Boyles-SprenkelAbout 2650 words
<xml>
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<p>Carolee Boyles-SprenkelAbout 2650 words
Route 3, Box 2180Copyright 1989
Quincy, FL 32351Carolee Boyles-Sprenkel
(904) 627-2254Second Serial Rights</p>
<p> WILD DISEASES
<p> WILD DISEASES
By
Carolee Boyles-Sprenkel</p>
<p>A few days after Patsy M. returned home from a trip to
<p>A few days after Patsy M. returned home from a trip to
Hawaii, she came down with what she thought was intestinal flu.
After a week of nausea and vile-smelling diarrhea she went to her
doctor. He couldn't find anything wrong with her and put her on
a liquid diet. Two weeks and ten pounds later she was becoming
anemic. </p>
<p>Three stool samples, a sigmoidoscopy and a proctoscopy could
<p>Three stool samples, a sigmoidoscopy and a proctoscopy could
not establish the cause of her illness. Finally she mentioned
her symptoms to a colleague at work who recognized them as
something he'd heard of before. A little research turned up
@ -21,91 +22,91 @@ information on an organism that parasitizes the human digestive
tract, Giardia. After only 24 hours on the antibiotic Flagyl,
Patsy knew she'd solved the problem. She recovered without
further incident.</p>
<p>Patsy was only one of a number of people who bring back more
<p>Patsy was only one of a number of people who bring back more
from their outdoor experiences that they bargain for. Any time
we go into the woods, we run the risk of encountering illnesses
and discomforts our urban neighbors don't ever run into. Few
physicians even think about testing for these "exotic" diseases.
Untreated, some will run their course in a few days or a few
weeks. But not all are so benign. </p>
<p>According to epidemiologist Dr. Lisa Conti, doctors term
<p>According to epidemiologist Dr. Lisa Conti, doctors term
these diseases "zoonotic." That means they're caused by
organisms that infect both animals and humans. Though most
affect humans only rarely, a few are relatively common. </p>
<p>This is definitely not a case of "what you don't know won't
<p>This is definitely not a case of "what you don't know won't
hurt you." What you don't know about some of these ailments
will, in some cases, kill you. </p>
<p> Lyme Disease</p>
<p>Lyme Disease may be the most visible of the little shop of
<p> Lyme Disease</p>
<p>Lyme Disease may be the most visible of the little shop of
horrors found in the woods. Unlike some other diseases, Lyme
Disease is not rare. Dr. Robert Craven, a Centers for Disease
Control researcher studying Lyme, says doctors reported more than
2400 cases during 1988. He believes it's spreading throughout
the country.</p>
<p>A bacterium carried by deer mice and deer causes Lyme
<p>A bacterium carried by deer mice and deer causes Lyme
Disease. Ixodid ticks can pass the organism from infected
animals to people.</p>
<p>The first symptom of the disease is a little red area where
<p>The first symptom of the disease is a little red area where
the tick attached itself to you. The spot grows. Then fever,
headache, and muscle aches start. The spot increases in size
until it become a red ring several inches across with a light-colored center. "It's kind of like a bull's-eye," says Craven. </p>
<p>If you don't get treatment, the effects can be severe. "It
<p>If you don't get treatment, the effects can be severe. "It
can eventually cause cardiac problems, usually rhythm
disturbances," Craven says. "It can cause arthritis, which can
be fairly severe and debilitating. It can cause a whole host of
neurologic problems - encephalitis, meningitis type problems,
paralyses, that sort of thing."</p>
<p>Lyme Disease is easy to treat with antibiotics. According
<p>Lyme Disease is easy to treat with antibiotics. According
to Craven, researchers are trying to produce a vaccine, but none
is available at this time.</p>
<p> Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever</p>
<p>Another bacterium transmitted exclusively by tick bites is
<p> Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever</p>
<p>Another bacterium transmitted exclusively by tick bites is
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Infected ticks can pass the
organism from generation to generation without feeding on a sick
animal. </p>
<p>According to Dr. Michael Wilder, a state public health
<p>According to Dr. Michael Wilder, a state public health
clinician, the first symptoms are fever, cramping stomach pain
and rash. "Stomach-ache seems to be a common early symptom," he
says. "There may be some vomiting, but no diarrhea." The rash
looks like measles but it appears on the wrists and palms of the
hand, which measles rarely does.</p>
<p>Antibiotics will cure Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Of the
<p>Antibiotics will cure Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Of the
patients who are not treated, though, a few die from either shock
or hemorrhaging.
Encephalitis</p>
<p>Several different types of encephalitis cause problems from
<p>Several different types of encephalitis cause problems from
time to time. St. Louis Encephalitis follows a 10-year cycle in
the Mississippi Valley, according to Craven. Eastern Equine
Encephalitis and Western Equine Encephalitis appear in small
scattered outbreaks each summer.</p>
<p>Birds carry the viruses that cause encephalitis, which
<p>Birds carry the viruses that cause encephalitis, which
mosquitoes spread from the birds to humans and other mammals.
Early symptoms include confusion and fever. Some varieties of
the ailment cause nausea and vomiting. Then, Craven says,
convulsions, coma, and other neurologic involvement may occur.</p>
<p>"Eastern Equine is a particularly virulent form of
<p>"Eastern Equine is a particularly virulent form of
encephalitis in humans," he says. "It frequently kills, and the
people who do survive are usually brain damaged to a greater or
lesser degree for life."</p>
<p>Antibiotics are useless against encephalitis, he says.
<p>Antibiotics are useless against encephalitis, he says.
Researchers have developed a vaccine against both Eastern and
Western Equine, but officials recommend using it only during
epidemic conditions.
Tularemia</p>
<p>According to Dr. Thomas Quan with the CDC's Fort Collins,
<p>According to Dr. Thomas Quan with the CDC's Fort Collins,
Colorado unit, most people acquire tularemia infections from
rabbits and hares, and the ticks associated with them. He says
people can pick up the versatile organism in a number of ways.</p>
<p>"Most human cases occur through the bite of a tick or
<p>"Most human cases occur through the bite of a tick or
through direct contact with rabbits that are infected," he says.
"There are other modes of infection, such as deer fly bites and
mosquito bites." Sheep-shearers have acquired it from working
with infected sheep in Colorado. Some people have become ill
from drinking contaminated water. Farm workers can inhale the
organism from hay dust.</p>
<p>Early symptoms are fairly vague. You'll develop a bit of a
<p>Early symptoms are fairly vague. You'll develop a bit of a
fever, and generally not feel too good. If you've inhaled the
organism, you'll have respiratory symptoms; if you've swallowed
it, you'll think you'll have intestinal flu. Swelling of the
@ -117,13 +118,13 @@ antibiotic treatment, patients can expect complete recovery.
usually don't," Quan says. "But eventually they overcome it."
Giardia</p>
<p>CDC worker Dr. David Addiss says the biggest source of
<p>CDC worker Dr. David Addiss says the biggest source of
Giardia is contaminated water. Biologists have found the
organism from many streams and rivers. "It's found fairly
commonly throughout the United States in untreated surface
water," he says. "You don't find it very much in wells or big
lakes, but you do see it in streams."</p>
<p>A number of different animals, especially beavers, may carry
<p>A number of different animals, especially beavers, may carry
the protozoan that causes the illness. Symptoms include loose
stools or full-blown diarrhea, cramping, gas and burping, and
rarely nausea and vomiting. The disease may be more chronic than
@ -131,26 +132,26 @@ acute. Giardia attaches itself to the wall of the small
intestine, where it lives and reproduces. Untreated, the ailment
may go away on its own. In many people, through, the infection
persists until it's treated with a course of antibiotic. </p>
<p>Don't rely on iodine or chlorine tablets to treat stream
<p>Don't rely on iodine or chlorine tablets to treat stream
water. They may work if the water is warm and only contains a
few Giardia cysts. But in cold or heavily infested water,
they're not particularly effective.</p>
<p> Relapsing Fever</p>
<p>Craven also works with relapsing fever another tick-borne
<p> Relapsing Fever</p>
<p>Craven also works with relapsing fever another tick-borne
disease related to Lyme Disease. He says it's fairly rare in the
United States. </p>
<p>The last big epidemic of Relapsing Fever occurred in the
<p>The last big epidemic of Relapsing Fever occurred in the
Grand Canyon in the 1970s, and was related to squirrels nesting
in cabins where Canyon staff people were living. Generally,
though, the cases are fairly scattered.</p>
<p>The disease produces flu-like symptoms, including fever and
<p>The disease produces flu-like symptoms, including fever and
muscle aches. If it's not treated, the symptoms subside, and
patients think they're well. Then it comes back. This cycle
continues until the disease is treated. Fortunately, it doesn't
seem to produce any serious long-term effects like Lyme Disease
does.</p>
<p> Brucellosis</p>
<p>Unless you hunt wild hogs in the southeastern United States,
<p> Brucellosis</p>
<p>Unless you hunt wild hogs in the southeastern United States,
brucellosis is one problem you probably don't need to worry
about. This is not to say the disease isn't found in other
species; biologists have reported it in desert rats and other
@ -158,32 +159,32 @@ rodents, hares, foxes, goats, sheep, deer, elk and bison, and
even dogs and cats. But Dr. Arnold Kaufmann, a physician with
the CDC in Atlanta, says he's never heard of hunters contracting
brucellosis from any animal except hogs. </p>
<p>The organisms which cause brucellosis are a group of
<p>The organisms which cause brucellosis are a group of
bacteria that live in the blood, bone marrow and lymphatic
system, including the liver and spleen. You can become infected
in a couple of ways. If you clean a hog without wearing gloves,
bacteria can enter through small cuts and scratches on your
hands. As you cut into the carcass of the animal a number of the
organisms are released into the air, where you can inhale them.</p>
<p>Heat kills the bacteria, so you're not at risk if you eat
<p>Heat kills the bacteria, so you're not at risk if you eat
well-cooked meat from a sick animal. In fact, when domestic
animals such as cattle are found to have brucellosis, one cure is
to send the animals to the slaughterhouse.</p>
<p>In humans, brucellosis is a vague sort of illness, according
<p>In humans, brucellosis is a vague sort of illness, according
to Kaufmann. It causes headache, fever, and exhaustion. You may
have achy joints and in general feel like you have a severe case
of the flu.</p>
<p>"It goes on and on and doesn't go away," says Kaufmann.
<p>"It goes on and on and doesn't go away," says Kaufmann.
"It's a very complex disease. It can involved a variety of
organs." Untreated, most patients eventually recover; for a few,
though, it continues as a chronic illness. Treatment is simply a
course of antibiotics.</p>
<p> Q Fever</p>
<p>Q or Query Fever may be under reported, according to CDC
<p> Q Fever</p>
<p>Q or Query Fever may be under reported, according to CDC
microbiologist Russell Regnery. As a result, the CDC doesn't
have any good data on how many cases occur in this country each
year.</p>
<p>"I think it's an important disease, but one for which very
<p>"I think it's an important disease, but one for which very
little data can be found," says Regnery. In his opinion,
hunters and fishermen in sheep country need to be aware of the
disease as a potential long-shot ailment. "If, for example, you
@ -192,11 +193,11 @@ especially if that animal is a pregnant female, you would really
be asking for the possibility of exposure," Regnery says. The
organism reaches its highest concentration in amniotic fluid and
fetal tissues.</p>
<p>The agent is a specialized bacterium. It can infect humans
<p>The agent is a specialized bacterium. It can infect humans
through cuts on the hand, but it's very infectious if inhaled.
As a result, clothes and other items can become contaminated by
the organism. </p>
<p>Symptoms include headache and fever, plus muscle pain.
<p>Symptoms include headache and fever, plus muscle pain.
Pregnant women may suffer complications. Untreated, the disease
usually resolves itself after a few days or a few weeks. A few
people, though, develop Q Fever endocarditis, or inflammation of
@ -205,48 +206,48 @@ sometimes leading to death. Q-fever has been associated with
rabbit hunting in Canada.
Rabies</p>
<p>Despite modern vaccinations, rabies is still a potential
<p>Despite modern vaccinations, rabies is still a potential
threat. Unlike most of the other diseases you can acquire in the
woods, rabies has no treatment - if you get it, you die. It's
that simple.</p>
<p>"Any warm-blooded animal can get rabies," says Wilder. "But
<p>"Any warm-blooded animal can get rabies," says Wilder. "But
certain animals seem to play a more important role as a
reservoir. The main ones throughout most of the country are
insectivorous bats, skunks, foxes, and of course raccoons." Even
deer and antelope can become infected if a rabid animal bites
them.</p>
<p>You're only at a slight risk to pick up rabies if you dress
<p>You're only at a slight risk to pick up rabies if you dress
an infected deer or other ungulate without gloves on.
Theoretically, though, it's possible for you to get it,
especially if you skin out the head and get saliva on your hands.</p>
<p>Direct contact is not the only way you can acquire rabies.
<p>Direct contact is not the only way you can acquire rabies.
In rare cases, spelunkers have become infected from inhaling the
virus in bat caves. </p>
<p>If you're bitten by a rabid animal, the first symptom of the
<p>If you're bitten by a rabid animal, the first symptom of the
disease is what Wilder terms "an unusual sensation" at the site
of the bite. "It's an increased sensitivity, a feeling of
prickliness, just an odd sensation arising from the healing
wound." A fever and stiffening of the neck follow. Then you'll
have convulsions. You'll salivate because you're unable to
swallow. Death will follow in of days or weeks.</p>
<p>A post-exposure vaccine for people has been available for
<p>A post-exposure vaccine for people has been available for
many years. Recently, scientists have developed a pre-exposure
vaccine. Wilder says whether or not you need to get vaccinated
depends on what you're hunting. Most people don't need to worry
about it. But if you're a woodchuck or raccoon hunter, he
recommends it. At a cost of about $100, it's cheap insurance.</p>
<p>Wilder also stresses that hunters need to have their dogs
<p>Wilder also stresses that hunters need to have their dogs
vaccinated against the disease. Some raccoon hunters in
particular fear the inoculation will affect the dogs' ability to
hunt, and so don't have them vaccinated. </p>
<p>Don't do the vaccination yourself. In Florida and perhaps a
<p>Don't do the vaccination yourself. In Florida and perhaps a
few other state, rabies vaccine is available over the counter at
feed stores. "We've been most fortunate that no identified cases
of rabies have occurred from this practice," Wilder says.</p>
<p> Plague
<p> Plague
Remember the bubonic plague, the disease that decimated
Europe in the Middle Ages? It's still with us in the western US. </p>
<p>Any rodent in the west can harbor the plague organism.
<p>Any rodent in the west can harbor the plague organism.
"Most people in the United States who acquire plague are getting
it from ground squirrels," Quan says. "On the west coast, it's
the California Ground Squirrel. In the Rocky Mountains it's the
@ -255,68 +256,69 @@ chipmunks." Even if you don't have direct contact with rodents,
you're still not immune. Your dog and cat may catch a squirrel,
pick up the fleas carrying the organism, and bring it home to
you.</p>
<p>Plague is transmitted to humans through flea bites. Early
<p>Plague is transmitted to humans through flea bites. Early
symptoms are similar to those of tularemia: high fever, muscle
aches, fatigue. You'll have pain, sometimes quite severe, in the
area where the buboes, or swollen lymph glands, are going to
develop. </p>
<p>Untreated, plague kills. The organism produces toxins that
<p>Untreated, plague kills. The organism produces toxins that
cause problems with blood clotting, and eventually gangrene.
Fifty-five to sixty per cent of patients die. Even treated,
plaque kills 15 to 20 per cent of patients. </p>
<p>As dreadful as plague is, it's easily treated. A variety of
<p>As dreadful as plague is, it's easily treated. A variety of
antibiotics, including Tetracycline and sulfa drugs, will knock
it out. </p>
<p>"People who see a physician early on after symptoms, and who
<p>"People who see a physician early on after symptoms, and who
have the savvy to know they were possibly exposed tend to
survive," Quan says. "A large percentage of those who die have
septicemic plague, which does not have a bubo." These cases look
like a lot of other diseases, are hard to diagnose, and as a
result often don't get treated early enough.</p>
<p>Fortunately, plague is rare. Quan says in 1983 doctors
<p>Fortunately, plague is rare. Quan says in 1983 doctors
reported a high of 40 cases, but in general the number is 10 to
20. This compares to 200-plus for tularemia each year.</p>
<p> Prevention</p>
<p>Most members of this hall of villains are easy to prevent
<p> Prevention</p>
<p>Most members of this hall of villains are easy to prevent
with little effort. First, don't drink untreated water. Carry
water or soft drinks with you. </p>
<p>Second, any time you dress game, don't do it bare-handed;
<p>Second, any time you dress game, don't do it bare-handed;
wear gloves. "If you don't wear gloves, you're really taking
your chances," Quan says. </p>
<p>Third, avoid contact with mosquitoes, ticks and fleas.
<p>Third, avoid contact with mosquitoes, ticks and fleas.
"Most of these things can be prevented with repellents," Craven
says. He notes especially Permanone, a permethrin compound that
is both an insecticide and a repellent useful for ticks. </p>
<p>If, after being in the woods, you begin to show symptoms
<p>If, after being in the woods, you begin to show symptoms
like any of the ones described here, go straight to the doctor.
Don't wait to see if you get better on your own. And be sure you
tell him or her what you suspect.</p>
<p>"Be sure you tell the physician you had the contact," Quan
<p>"Be sure you tell the physician you had the contact," Quan
says. "It's one way we have of making an early, proper
diagnosis. Tell the doctor you had contact with such-and-such an
animal. Then the physician is at least alerted that tularemia is
as possibility, or in the western states, plague." </p>
<p>These are only some of the weird and exotic diseases you may
<p>These are only some of the weird and exotic diseases you may
encounter on a hunting or fishing trip. Others include
Leptospirosis, Anthrax, and a variety of fungal organisms. But
by following some common-sense preventive techniques, you can
avoid bringing home these unwanted freeloaders from the woods.</p>
<p> -End-
<p> -End-
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<p>
VIOLATION OF LAW OF CONSERVATION OF CHARGE
IN SPACE POWER GENERATION PHENOMENON</p>
<p> By</p>
<p> PARAMAHAMSA TEWARI
<p> By</p>
<p> PARAMAHAMSA TEWARI
Chief Project Engineer
Kaiga Project
NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION
Karwar
INDIA</p>
<p> INTRODUCTION:</p>
<p> It has been hitherto believed in physics that the total electric
<p> INTRODUCTION:</p>
<p> It has been hitherto believed in physics that the total electric
charge in the Universe is a constant quantity, and if additional
charge appears in some region, it is only at the expense of the
charge deficit in some other regions.</p>
<p> It is a basic law that electric charge is conserved and cannot be
<p> It is a basic law that electric charge is conserved and cannot be
destroyed or created. Precise experiments on a Space Power
Generator (SPG) which has been now further developed to demonstrate
the commercial viability of the newly discovered phenomenon of space
power generation however, totally violate the existing law of
conservation of charge, by generating output electrical power much
in excess of the input electrical power.</p>
<p> Since electric charge is a form of basic energy, the law of
<p> Since electric charge is a form of basic energy, the law of
conservation of energy will need to be enlarged to incorporate in it
the dynamics of absolute vacuum [1] which in a state of rotation
generates fundamental field to produce electrical charge and energy.</p>
<p> DESCRIPTION OF THE SPG:</p>
<p> The SPG shown in Fig. 1 is a further developed form of the machines
<p> DESCRIPTION OF THE SPG:</p>
<p> The SPG shown in Fig. 1 is a further developed form of the machines
described [23] in earlier issues of this magazine.</p>
<p> A non-magnetic shaft interconnects two mild steel rotors on which
<p> A non-magnetic shaft interconnects two mild steel rotors on which
two electromagnets are mounted. Electric power at 1.5 volt d-c and
high ampheres is drawn from each unit, with the help of copper-graphite brushes when the machine runs at 2860 rpm directly coupled
and driven by an induction motor.</p>
<p> The power is drawn between the inner rotor's cylindrical surface and
<p> The power is drawn between the inner rotor's cylindrical surface and
the shaft through d-c shunts that enable measurements of high d-c
current.</p>
<p> The SPG weighs about 150 Kg. and is fabricated out of 120 mm thick
<p> The SPG weighs about 150 Kg. and is fabricated out of 120 mm thick
mild steel plate. The two units enable generation of power at more
than 3 volt d-c by appropriate series connections between the two
coils. The electromagnet's coils are 16 swg super enamelled wire
with 216 turns in each coil.</p>
<p> The feature that brings improvements [4] in this machine is the
<p> The feature that brings improvements [4] in this machine is the
larger diameter of the rotors that produces higher d-c voltage at
comparatively lower speed, not exceeding 3000 rpm. Also the twin
units with single coil in each unit double the amount of power.</p>
<p> TEST RESULTS:</p>
<p> The drive motor (DM) takes no-load current of 2.6 amperes (1300
<p> TEST RESULTS:</p>
<p> The drive motor (DM) takes no-load current of 2.6 amperes (1300
watts) to rotate itself and the SPG to overcome windage and friction
at 2870 rpm. The no-load voltage internally generated in each unit
of the SPG is adjusted to 1.5 volts d-c between the shaft and the
inner rotor by the control of the d-c excitation current in the two
electromagnet's coils connected in series.</p>
<p> The excitation current is 31 amperes, the total d-c resistance of
<p> The excitation current is 31 amperes, the total d-c resistance of
the two coils being 2.5 ohms. The power given to the electromagnets
is 31 x 31 x 2.5, that is, 2400 watts. The two shunts with
calibration of 2000 amperes for 75 mv are now connected across the
two output circuits.</p>
<p> The d-c currents measured in each circuit are almost equal to 2613
<p> The d-c currents measured in each circuit are almost equal to 2613
amperes corresponding to 98 mv reading of the shunt.</p>
<p> The output electrical power of each unit is 2613 x 1.5 watts, that
<p> The output electrical power of each unit is 2613 x 1.5 watts, that
is, 3919 watts. Total electrical power from the two units is 7839
watts.</p>
<p> As the SPG is electrically loaded, the current of DM rises to 10
<p> As the SPG is electrically loaded, the current of DM rises to 10
amperes, showing a rise of 7.4 amperes over the no-load current, and
corresponding to a rise in input electrical power of 3700 watts.</p>
<p> The load current of the DM of 10 amperes amounts to the total
<p> The load current of the DM of 10 amperes amounts to the total
electrical input to the DM of 5000 watts, out of which 1300 watts is
utilised to overcome the no-load losses.</p>
<p> The remaining electrical input of 3700 watts generates 7839 watts of
<p> The remaining electrical input of 3700 watts generates 7839 watts of
electrical output power, giving the efficiency of space power
generation in this particular as 211.8%.</p>
<p> Assuming electromagnetic efficiency of the DM as 80%, the efficiency
<p> Assuming electromagnetic efficiency of the DM as 80%, the efficiency
of the electrical energy generation of the SPG will rise to 264.75%.</p>
<p> If the excitation power of 2400 watts given to the SPG is deducted
<p> If the excitation power of 2400 watts given to the SPG is deducted
from the total electrical output from the SPG of 7839 watts, the
balance electrical output of 5439 watts still exceeds the total
electrical input of 5000 watts by 439 watts, giving the total system
efficiency of 105.9% while, in addition the DM-SPG set runs as a
perpetual system drawing 1300 watts of power from space.</p>
<p> QUANTUM OF SPACE POWER:</p>
<p> The quantum of electrical charge produced due to the rotation of
<p> QUANTUM OF SPACE POWER:</p>
<p> The quantum of electrical charge produced due to the rotation of
space in a rotating electromagnet and the electrical power produced
when the power is withdrawn through an electric circuit, as
discussed in earlier article [2], is given by,</p>
<p> P = (1.8) LN(r^2)(10^-5)kW
<p> P = (1.8) LN(r^2)(10^-5)kW
(1)</p>
<p> where, P is power in kW, L is axial length of the SPG in centimeter,
<p> where, P is power in kW, L is axial length of the SPG in centimeter,
N is revolution per second, and 'r' is the radius in centimeter of
the SPG on the inner rotor surface.</p>
<p> The derivation of the above relation was based on the assumption
<p> The derivation of the above relation was based on the assumption
that the radius of the spherical void at the centre of electron as
discussed in space vortex theory [12] is 1.5 x (10^-11) cm.</p>
<p> More precise measurements in space power generation experiments,
<p> More precise measurements in space power generation experiments,
however show that the coefficient 1.8 in equation (1) should be 2.5,
and the void radius at electron's centre should be taken as 10^-11
cm. With these corrections the space power equation (1) now
becomes:</p>
<p> P = (2.5) LN(r^2)(10^-5)kW
<p> P = (2.5) LN(r^2)(10^-5)kW
(2)</p>
<p> substituting the values, L=12, N=47.6, and r=11.43 in (2),</p>
<p> P = 5.85 kW</p>
<p> Since there are two units of the SPG on the shaft, total power from
<p> substituting the values, L=12, N=47.6, and r=11.43 in (2),</p>
<p> P = 5.85 kW</p>
<p> Since there are two units of the SPG on the shaft, total power from
the two units will be 11.7 kW, which is 1.5 times the output power
drawn from the machine in the above test.</p>
<p> With additional brushes and reduced contacts at about 3000 rpm, the
<p> With additional brushes and reduced contacts at about 3000 rpm, the
above machine will have capacity to produce about 12 kW of power.</p>
<p> If the SPG is driven at 6000 rpm both the voltages and currents will
<p> If the SPG is driven at 6000 rpm both the voltages and currents will
be doubled, producing 4 times output of 48 kW. Since the excitation
power remains constant, much higher total system efficiency is
expected though the efficiency of the SPG as computed above will
remain constant at 211.8%.</p>
<p> CONCLUSION:</p>
<p> Mass-energy equation of Einstein brought forth an universal law that
<p> CONCLUSION:</p>
<p> Mass-energy equation of Einstein brought forth an universal law that
an electron like all matter contains in its structure energy. A
further enlargement of this law is that electron is itself energy,
where "energy" in physical terms is a state of vacuum in rotation.</p>
<p> Even at ordinary speed of rotation of an electromagnet, the interatomic space of the iron core develops velocity fields of vacuum
<p> Even at ordinary speed of rotation of an electromagnet, the interatomic space of the iron core develops velocity fields of vacuum
that qualitatively act like additional charge within the rotating
system and liberate orbital electrons of the iron atoms.</p>
<p> With the interaction of the magnetic field the free electrons form
<p> With the interaction of the magnetic field the free electrons form
polarites [23].</p>
<p> It is possible to commercially develop a machine that can not only
<p> It is possible to commercially develop a machine that can not only
rotate itself perpetually but also generate additional electrical
charge in kilowatts and higher range.</p>
<p> The law of conservation of charge and the law of conservation of
<p> The law of conservation of charge and the law of conservation of
energy are applicable within the systems confined to material
interactions alone and not to the medium of space which is a dynamic
entity that can rotate and create charge at ordinary speeds, and can
rotate and create electrons at speed of light.</p>
<p> REFERENCES:</p>
<p> 1. Paramahamsa Tewari - "Beyond Matter", Printwell Publications,
<p> REFERENCES:</p>
<p> 1. Paramahamsa Tewari - "Beyond Matter", Printwell Publications,
Aligarh, India (1984).</p>
<p> 2. Paramahamsa Tewari - "Generation of Electrical Power from
<p> 2. Paramahamsa Tewari - "Generation of Electrical Power from
Absolute Vacuum by High Speed Rotation of conducting Magnetic
Cylinder",
Magnets in Your Future, Vol. 1 No. 8, August 1986, P.O. Box 580,
Temecula, CA 92390, USA.</p>
<p> 3. Paramahamsa Tewari - "Interaction of Electron and Magnetic Field
<p> 3. Paramahamsa Tewari - "Interaction of Electron and Magnetic Field
in Space Power Generation Phenomenon", Magnets in Your Future,
Vol. 2 No. 12, December 1987, P.O. Box 580, Temecula, Ca. 92390,
USA.</p>
<p> 4. Report on the Initial Testing Phase of DePalma Energy
<p> 4. Report on the Initial Testing Phase of DePalma Energy
Corporation, N1 Electrical Power Generator, 6-1-1988 -
Bruce DePalma, DePalma Energy Corporation, 1060 Channel Drive,
Santa Barbara, California
93108, (805) 969-6442.</p>
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</xml>

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@ -1,123 +1,124 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
HOMOPOLAR "FREE-ENERGY" GENERATOR TEST</p>
<p> Robert Kincheloe
<p> Robert Kincheloe
Professor of Electrical Engineering (Emeritus)
Stanford University</p>
<p> Paper presented at the 1986 meeting
<p> Paper presented at the 1986 meeting
of the
Society for Scientific Exploration
San Francisco</p>
<p> June 21, 1986
<p> June 21, 1986
Revised February 1, 1987</p>
<p> HOMOPOLAR "FREE-ENERGY" GENERATOR TEST
<p> HOMOPOLAR "FREE-ENERGY" GENERATOR TEST
Robert Kincheloe</p>
<p> ABSTRACT</p>
<p> Known for over 150 years, the Faraday homopolar generator has
<p> ABSTRACT</p>
<p> Known for over 150 years, the Faraday homopolar generator has
been claimed to provide a basis for so-called "free-energy"
generation, in that under certain conditions the extraction of
electrical output energy is not reflected as a corresponding
mechanical load to the driving source.</p>
<p> During 1985 I was invited to test such a machine. While it did
<p> During 1985 I was invited to test such a machine. While it did
not perform as claimed, repeatable data showed anomalous
results that did not seem to conform to traditional theory.</p>
<p> In particular, under certain assumptions about internally
<p> In particular, under certain assumptions about internally
generated output voltage, the increase in input power when power
was extracted from the generator over that measured due to
frictional losses with the generator unexcited seemed to be
either about 13% or 20% of the maximum computed generated power,
depending on interpretation.</p>
<p> The paper briefly reviews the homopolar generator, describes the
<p> The paper briefly reviews the homopolar generator, describes the
tests on this particular machine, summarizes and presents
tentative conclusions from the resulting data.</p>
<p> THE SUNBURST HOMOPOLAR GENERATOR</p>
<p> In July, 1985, I became aware of and was invited to examine and
<p> THE SUNBURST HOMOPOLAR GENERATOR</p>
<p> In July, 1985, I became aware of and was invited to examine and
test a so-called free-energy generator known as the Sunburst N
Machine.</p>
<p> This device, shown in Figs 1a and 1b, was proposed by Bruce
<p> This device, shown in Figs 1a and 1b, was proposed by Bruce
DePalma and constructed by Charya Bernard of the Sunburst
Community in Santa Barbara, CA, about 1979.</p>
<p> The term "free-energy" refers to the claim by DePalma [1]
<p> The term "free-energy" refers to the claim by DePalma [1]
(and others [2]) that it was capable of producing electrical
output power that was not reflected as a mechanical load to the
driving mechanism but derived from presumed latent spatial
energy.</p>
<p> Apart from mechanical frictional and electrical losses inherent
<p> Apart from mechanical frictional and electrical losses inherent
in the particular construction, the technique employed was
claimed to provide a basis for constructing a generator which
could supply the energy to provide not only its own motive power
but also additional energy for external use. From August 1985
to April 1986 I made a series of measurements on this particular
machine to test these claims.</p>
<p> GENERATOR DESCRIPTION</p>
<p> Details of the generator construction are shown in Figs. 2 and 3.</p>
<p> It consists essentially of an electromagnet formed by a coil of
<p> GENERATOR DESCRIPTION</p>
<p> Details of the generator construction are shown in Figs. 2 and 3.</p>
<p> It consists essentially of an electromagnet formed by a coil of
3605 turns of #10 copper wire around a soft iron core which
can be rotated with the magnetic field parallel to and
symmetrical around the axis of rotation.</p>
<p> At each end of the magnet are conducting bronze cylindrical
<p> At each end of the magnet are conducting bronze cylindrical
plates, on one of which are arranged (as shown in Fig. 3)
one set of graphite brushes for extracting output current
between the shaft and the outer circumference and a second
set of metering brushes for independently measuring the induced
voltage between these locations.</p>
<p> A third pair of brushes and slip rings supply the current for
<p> A third pair of brushes and slip rings supply the current for
the electromagnet. A thick sheath of epoxy-impregnated
fiberglass windings allow the magnet to be rotated at high speed.</p>
<p> The generator may be recognized as a so-called homopolar, or
<p> The generator may be recognized as a so-called homopolar, or
acyclic machine, a device first investigated and described
by Michael Faraday [3] in 1831 (Figs. 45) and shown
schematically in Fig. 6.</p>
<p> It consists of a cylindrical conducting disk immersed in an
<p> It consists of a cylindrical conducting disk immersed in an
axial magnetic field, and can be operated as a generator with
sliding brushes extracting current from the voltage induced
between the inner and outer regions of the disk when the
rotational energy is supplied by an external driving source.</p>
<p> The magnitude of the incremental radial generated voltage
<p> The magnitude of the incremental radial generated voltage
is proportional to both the strength of the magnetic field
and the tangential velocity, so that in a uniform magnetic
field the total voltage is proportional to the product of speed
times the difference between the squares of the inner and outer
brush radii.</p>
<p> The device may also be used as a motor when an external
<p> The device may also be used as a motor when an external
voltage produces an radial current between the sliding brushes.</p>
<p> There have been a number of commercial applications of
<p> There have been a number of commercial applications of
homopolar motors and generators, particularly early in this
century [4], and their operating principles are described in a
number of texts [5].</p>
<p> The usual technique is to use a stationary magnet to produce
<p> The usual technique is to use a stationary magnet to produce
the magnetic field in which the conducting disk (or
cylinder) is rotated.</p>
<p> Faraday found, however, (Fig 7) that it does not matter whether
<p> Faraday found, however, (Fig 7) that it does not matter whether
the magnet itself is stationary or rotating with the disk as long
as the conductor is moving in the field, but that rotating the
magnet with the conducting disk stationary did not produce an
induced voltage.</p>
<p> He concluded that a magnetic field is a property of space
<p> He concluded that a magnetic field is a property of space
itself, not attached to the magnet which serves to induce the
field [6].</p>
<p> DePalma stated [7] that when the conducting disk is attached
<p> DePalma stated [7] that when the conducting disk is attached
to a rotating magnet, the interaction of the primary magnetic
field with that produced by the radial output current results in
torque between the disk and the magnet structure which is not
reflected back to the mechanical driving source.</p>
<p> Lenz's law therefore does not apply, and the extraction of
<p> Lenz's law therefore does not apply, and the extraction of
output energy does not require additional driving power.
This is the claimed basis for extracting "free" energy.</p>
<p> Discussions of the torque experienced by a rotating magnet are also
<p> Discussions of the torque experienced by a rotating magnet are also
discussed in the literature [8].</p>
<p> Because the simple form shown in Fig. 6 has essentially
<p> Because the simple form shown in Fig. 6 has essentially
one conducting path, such a homopolar device is characterized
by low voltage and high current requiring a large magnetic field
for useful operation.</p>
<p> Various homopolar devices have been used for specialized
<p> Various homopolar devices have been used for specialized
applications [9] (such as generators for developing large
currents for welding, ship degaussing, liquid metal
magnetohydrodynamic pumps for nuclear reactor cooling,
torquemotors for propulsion, etc.), some involving quite high
power.</p>
<p> These have been extensively discussed in the literature,
<p> These have been extensively discussed in the literature,
dealing with such problems as developing the high magnetic
fields required (sometimes using superconducting magnets in
air to avoid iron saturation effects), the development of
@ -126,41 +127,41 @@ voltage drop because of the low output voltage generated,
and with counteracting armature reaction which otherwise would
reduce the output voltage because of the magnetic field
distortion resulting from the high currents.</p>
<p> From the standpoint of prior art, the design of the
<p> From the standpoint of prior art, the design of the
Sunburst generator is inefficient and not suitable for power
generation:</p>
<p> 1. The magnetic field is concentrated near the axis where
<p> 1. The magnetic field is concentrated near the axis where
the tangential velocity is low, reducing the generated
voltage.</p>
<p> 2. Approximately 4 kilowatts of power are required to
<p> 2. Approximately 4 kilowatts of power are required to
energize the magnet, developing enough heat so that the
device can only be operated for limited periods of time.</p>
<p> 3. The graphite brushes used have a voltage drop almost
<p> 3. The graphite brushes used have a voltage drop almost
equal to the total induced voltage, so that almost all of
the generated power is consumed in heating the brushes.</p>
<p> 4. The large contacting area (over 30 square inches) of
<p> 4. The large contacting area (over 30 square inches) of
the brushes needed for the high output current creates
considerable friction loss.</p>
<p> Since this machine was not intended as a practical generator but
<p> Since this machine was not intended as a practical generator but
as a means for testing the free energy principle, however,
from this point of view efficiency in producing external
power was not required or relevant.</p>
<p> DEPALMA'S RESULTS WITH THE SUNBURST HOMOPOLAR GENERATOR</p>
<p> In 1980 DePalma conducted tests with the Sunburst
<p> DEPALMA'S RESULTS WITH THE SUNBURST HOMOPOLAR GENERATOR</p>
<p> In 1980 DePalma conducted tests with the Sunburst
generator, describing his measurement technique and results in an
unpublished report [10].</p>
<p> The generator was driven by a 3 phase a-c 40 horsepower motor
<p> The generator was driven by a 3 phase a-c 40 horsepower motor
by a belt coupling sufficiently long that magnetic fields of
the motor and generator would not interact. A table from this
report giving his data and results is shown in Fig. 8.</p>
<p> For a rotational speed of 6000 rpm an output power of 7560 watts
<p> For a rotational speed of 6000 rpm an output power of 7560 watts
was claimed to require an increase of 268 watts of drive power
over that required to supply losses due to friction, windage,
etc. as measured with the output switch open.</p>
<p> If valid, this would mean that the output power was 28.2 times
<p> If valid, this would mean that the output power was 28.2 times
the incremental input power needed to produce it. Several
assumptions were made in this analysis:</p>
<p> 1. The drive motor input power was assumed to be the product
<p> 1. The drive motor input power was assumed to be the product
of the line voltage and current times the appropriate factor
for a three-phase machine and an assumed constant 70% power
factor.
@ -173,12 +174,12 @@ It might also be noted that the measured incremental line
current increase of 0.5 ampere (3.3%) as obtained with the
analog clamp-on a-c ammeter that was used was of limited
accuracy.</p>
<p> 2. The output power of the generator was taken to be the
<p> 2. The output power of the generator was taken to be the
product of the measured output current and the internally
generated voltage in the disk less the voltage drop due only
to internal disk resistance. Armature reaction was thus
neglected or assumed not to be significant.</p>
<p> 3. The generated voltage which produced the current in the main
<p> 3. The generated voltage which produced the current in the main
output brushes was assumed to be the same as that measured
at the metering brushes, and the decrease in metered voltage
from 1.5 to 1.05 volts when the output switch is closed was
@ -186,105 +187,105 @@ assumed to be due to the internal voltage drop resulting
from the output current flowing through the internal disk
resistance that is common to both sets of brushes and
calculated to 62.5 microohms.</p>
<p> Of these, the first assumption seems the most serious, and it is my
<p> Of these, the first assumption seems the most serious, and it is my
opinion that the results of this particular test were inaccurate.</p>
<p> Tim Wilhelm of Stelle, Illinois, who witnessed tests of the Sunburst
<p> Tim Wilhelm of Stelle, Illinois, who witnessed tests of the Sunburst
generator in 1981, had a similar opinion [11].</p>
<p> RECENT TESTS OF THE SUNBURST GENERATOR</p>
<p> Being intrigued by DePalma's hypothesis, I accepted the offer by
<p> RECENT TESTS OF THE SUNBURST GENERATOR</p>
<p> Being intrigued by DePalma's hypothesis, I accepted the offer by
Mr. Norman Paulsen, founder of the Sunburst Community, to
conduct tests on the generator which apparently had not been
used since the tests by DePalma and Bernard in 1979.</p>
<p> Experimental Setup</p>
<p> A schematic diagram of the test arrangement is shown in Fig. 9,
<p> Experimental Setup</p>
<p> A schematic diagram of the test arrangement is shown in Fig. 9,
with the physical equipment shown in Fig. 10. The generator
is shown coupled by a long belt to the drive motor behind it,
together with the power supplies and metering both contained
within and external to the Sunburst power and metering cabinet.</p>
<p> Figure 10b shows the panel of the test cabinet which provided
<p> Figure 10b shows the panel of the test cabinet which provided
power for the generator magnet and motor field. The 4-1/2 digit
meters on the panel were not functional and were not used;
external meters were supplied.</p>
<p> I decided to use an avaiable shunt-field d-c drive motor
<p> I decided to use an avaiable shunt-field d-c drive motor
to facilitate load tests at different speeds and to simplify
accurate motor input power measurements.</p>
<p> Page 5</p>
<p> Referring to Figure 9, variacs and full-wave bridge
<p> Page 5</p>
<p> Referring to Figure 9, variacs and full-wave bridge
rectifiers provided variable d-c supplies for the motor armature
and field and the homopolar generator magnet.</p>
<p> Voltages and currents were measured with Micronta model 11-191
<p> Voltages and currents were measured with Micronta model 11-191
3-1/2 digit meters calibrated to better than 0.1% against a
Hewlett Packard 740B Voltage Standard that by itself was
accurate to better than .005%.</p>
<p> Standard meter shunts together with the digital voltmeters were
<p> Standard meter shunts together with the digital voltmeters were
used to measure the various currents. With this
arrangement the generator speed could be varied smoothly from 0
to over 7000 rpm, with accurate measurement of motor input
power, metered generator output voltage Vg and generator output
current Ig.</p>
<p> Speed was measured with a General Radio model 1531 Strobotac
<p> Speed was measured with a General Radio model 1531 Strobotac
which had a calibration accuracy of better than 2% (as verified
with a frequency counter) and which allowed determination of
relative speed changes of a few rpm of less.</p>
<p> Small changes in either load or input power were clearly
<p> Small changes in either load or input power were clearly
evident because of the sensitivity of the Strobotac speed
measurement, allowing the motor input power to be adjusted
with the armature voltage variac to obtain the desired
constant speed with no acceleration or deceleration before
taking readings from the various meters.</p>
<p> Generator Tests</p>
<p> Various tests were conducted with the output switch open to
<p> Generator Tests</p>
<p> Various tests were conducted with the output switch open to
confirm that generated voltage at both the output brushes (Vbr)
and metering brushes (Vg) were proportional to speed and magnetic
field, with the polarity reversing when magnetic field or
direction of rotation were reversed.</p>
<p> Tracking of Vbr and Vg with variation of magnetic field is shown
<p> Tracking of Vbr and Vg with variation of magnetic field is shown
in Fig. 11, in which it is seen that the output voltages are not
quite linearly related to magnet current, probably due to core
saturation.</p>
<p> The more rapid departure of Vg from linearity may be due to
<p> The more rapid departure of Vg from linearity may be due to
the different brush locations as seen on Fig 3, differences
in the magnetic field at the different brush locations, or other
causes not evident. An expanded plot of this voltage
difference is shown in Fig. 12, and is seen to considerably
exceed meter error tolerances.</p>
<p> Figure 11 also shows an approximate 300 watt increase in drive
<p> Figure 11 also shows an approximate 300 watt increase in drive
motor armature power as the magnet field was increased from
0 to 19 amperes.</p>
<p> (The scatter of input power measurements shown in the upper curve
<p> (The scatter of input power measurements shown in the upper curve
of Fig. 11 resulted from the great sensitivity of the motor
armature current to small fluctuations in power line voltage,
since the large rotary inertia of the 400 pound generator did
not allow speed to rapidly follow line voltage changes).</p>
<p> At first it was thought that this power loss might be due to
<p> At first it was thought that this power loss might be due to
the fact that the outer output brushes were arranged in a
rectangular array as shown in Fig. 3.</p>
<p> Since they were connected in parallel but not equidistant from
<p> Since they were connected in parallel but not equidistant from
the axis the different generated voltages would presumably
result in circulating currents and additional power dissipation.</p>
<p> Measurement of the generated voltage as a function of
<p> Measurement of the generated voltage as a function of
radial distance from the axis as shown in Fig. 13, however,
showed that almost all of the voltage differential occurred
between 5 and 12 cm, presumably because this was the region of
greatest magnetic field due to the centralized iron core.</p>
<p> The voltage in the region of the outer brushes was almost
<p> The voltage in the region of the outer brushes was almost
constant, with a measured variation of only 3.7% between the
extremes, so that this did not seem to explain the increase in
input power. The other likely explanation seems to be that there
are internal losses in the core and other parts of the metal
structure due to eddy currents, since these are also moving
conductors in the field.</p>
<p> In any event, the increase in drive power was only about 10% for
<p> In any event, the increase in drive power was only about 10% for
the maximum magnet current of 19 amperes.</p>
<p> Figure 14 typifies a number of measurements of input power
<p> Figure 14 typifies a number of measurements of input power
and generator performance as a function of speed and various
generator conditions.</p>
<p> Since the generator output knife switch procedure was very stiff
<p> Since the generator output knife switch procedure was very stiff
and difficult to operate the procedure used was to make a
complete speed run from zero to the maximum speed and descending
again to zero with the switch open, taking readings at each
speed increment with the magnet power both off and on.</p>
<p> The procedure was then repeated with the switch closed. (It
<p> The procedure was then repeated with the switch closed. (It
was noted that during the descending speed run the input power
was a few percent lower than for the same speed during the
earlier ascending speed run; this was presumably due to
@ -292,101 +293,101 @@ reduced friction as the brushes and/or bearings became
heated. In plotting the data the losses for both runs were
averaged which gave a conservative result since the losses
shown in the figures exceed the minimum values measured).</p>
<p> The upper curve (a) shows the motor armature input power
<p> The upper curve (a) shows the motor armature input power
with a constant motor field current of 6 amperes as the speed
is varied with no generator magnet excitation and is seen to
reach a maximum of 4782 watts as the speed is increased to 6500
rpm.</p>
<p> This presumably represents the power required to overcome
<p> This presumably represents the power required to overcome
friction and windage losses in the motor, generator, and drive
belt, and are assumed to remain essentially constant whether
the generator is producing power or not [12].</p>
<p> Curve 14b shows the increase of motor armature power over that
<p> Curve 14b shows the increase of motor armature power over that
of curve (a) that results from energizing the generator magnet
with a current of 16 amperes but with the generator output
switch open so that there is no output current (and hence
no output power dissippation).</p>
<p> This component of power (which is related to the increase of
<p> This component of power (which is related to the increase of
drive motor power with increased magnet current as shown in Fig.
11 as discussed above) might also be present whether or not the
generator is producing output current and power, although this is
not so evident since the output current may affect the
magnetic field distribution.</p>
<p> Curve 14c shows the further increase of motor armature input
<p> Curve 14c shows the further increase of motor armature input
power over that of curves (a) plus (b) that results when the
output switch is closed, the generator magnet is energized and
output current is produced.</p>
<p> It is certainly not zero or negligible but rises to a maximum of
<p> It is certainly not zero or negligible but rises to a maximum of
802 watts at 6500 rpm. The total motor armature input power
under these conditions is thus the sum of (a), (b), and
(c) and reaches a maximum of 6028 watts at 6500 rpm.</p>
<p> The big question has to do with the generated output power.
<p> The big question has to do with the generated output power.
The measured output current at 6500 rpm was 4776 amperes; the
voltage at the metering brushes was 1.07 volts.</p>
<p> Using a correction factor derived from Fig. 12 and assuming a
<p> Using a correction factor derived from Fig. 12 and assuming a
common internal voltage drop due to a calculated disk
resistance of 38 microohms, a computed internal generated
potential of 1.28 volts is obtained which if multiplied by
the measured output current indicates a generated power of
6113 watts.</p>
<p> All of this power is presumably dissipated in the internal
<p> All of this power is presumably dissipated in the internal
and external circuit resistances, the brush loss due both to
the brush resistance and the voltage drops at the contact
surfaces between the brushes and the disk (essentially an arc
discharge), and the power dissipated in the 31.25 microohm meter
shunt.</p>
<p> It still represents power generated by the machine, however,
<p> It still represents power generated by the machine, however,
and exceeds the 802 watts of increased motor drive power due
solely to closing the generator output switch and causing
output current to flow by a factor of 7.6 to 1.</p>
<p> If the 444 watts of increased input power that resulted
<p> If the 444 watts of increased input power that resulted
from energizing the magnet with the output switch open is assumed
to have been converted to generated output power and hence
should be included as part of the total increased drive motor
power required to produce generated output, the computed 6113
watts of generated power still exceeds the total input power of
444 watts plus 802 watts by a factor of 4.9 to 1.</p>
<p> The computed output power even slightly exceeds the total
<p> The computed output power even slightly exceeds the total
motor armature input power including all frictional and windage
losses of 6028 watts under these conditions (although the
total system effeciency is still less than 100% because of the
generator magnet power of approximately 2300 watts and motor
field power of about 144 watts which must be added to the
motor armature power to obtain total system input power).</p>
<p> It would thus seem that if the above assumptions are valid
<p> It would thus seem that if the above assumptions are valid
that DePalma correctly predicted that much of the generated
power with this kind of machine is not reflected back to the
motive source. Figure 15 summarizes the data discussed above.</p>
<p> To further examine the question of the equivalence between
<p> To further examine the question of the equivalence between
the internally generated voltage at the main output brushes and
that measured at the metering brushes, a test was made of the
metered voltage as a function of speed with the generator magnet
energized with a current of 20 amperes both with the output
switch open and closed. The resulting data is shown in Fig. 16.</p>
<p> The voltage rises to about 1.32 volts at 6000 rpm with the
<p> The voltage rises to about 1.32 volts at 6000 rpm with the
switch open (which is close to that obtained by DePalma) and
drops 0.14 volts when the switch is closed and the measured
output current is 3755 amperes, corresponding to an effective
internal resistance of 37 microohms.</p>
<p> Even if this were due to other causes, such as armature reaction,
<p> Even if this were due to other causes, such as armature reaction,
it does not seem likely that there would be a large potential
drop between the output and metering brushes because of
the small distance, low magnetic field (and radial differential
voltage), and large mass of conducting disk material.</p>
<p> Internal currents many times the measured output current of
<p> Internal currents many times the measured output current of
almost 4000 amperes would be required for the voltage
difference between the outer metering and output brushes to
be significant and invalidate the conclusions reached above.</p>
<p> A further method of testing the validity of the assumed
<p> A further method of testing the validity of the assumed
generated output potential involved an examination of the
voltage drop across the graphite brushes themselves.</p>
<p> Many texts on electrical machinery discuss the brush drop
<p> Many texts on electrical machinery discuss the brush drop
in machines with commutators or slip rings.</p>
<p> All of those examined agree that graphite brushes typically have
<p> All of those examined agree that graphite brushes typically have
a voltage drop that is essentially constant at approximately one
volt per brush contact when the current density rises above 10-15
amperes per square centimeter.</p>
<p> To compare this with the Sunburst machine the total brush
<p> To compare this with the Sunburst machine the total brush
voltage was calculated by subtracting the IR drop due to the
output current in the known (meter shunt) and calculated (disk,
shaft, and brush lead) resistances from the assumed
@ -394,64 +395,64 @@ internally generated output voltage. The result in Fig. 17
shows that the brush drop obtained in this way is even less than
that usually assumed, as typified by the superimposed curve
taken from one text.</p>
<p> It thus seems probable that the generated voltage is
<p> It thus seems probable that the generated voltage is
not significantly less than that obtained from the metering
brushes, and hence the appropriateness of the computed output
power is supported.</p>
<p> CONCLUSIONS</p>
<p> We are therefore faced with the apparent result that the
<p> CONCLUSIONS</p>
<p> We are therefore faced with the apparent result that the
output power obtained when the generator magnet is
energized greatly exceeds the increase in drive power over
that needed to supply losses with the magnet not energized.
This is certainly anomalous in terms of convential theory.
Possible explanations?</p>
<p> 1. There could be a large error in the measurements resulting
<p> 1. There could be a large error in the measurements resulting
from some factor such as noise which caused the digital
meters to read incorrectly or grossly inaccurate current
shunt resistances.</p>
<p> If the measured results had shown that the computed generated
<p> If the measured results had shown that the computed generated
output power exceeded the input drive power by only a few percent
this explanation would be reasonable and would suggest that more
careful calibration and measurements might show that the results
described above were due to measurement error.</p>
<p> With the data showing such a large ratio of generated power to
<p> With the data showing such a large ratio of generated power to
input power increase, however, in my opinion this
explanation of the results seems unlikely.</p>
<p> (A later test showed that the digital meters are insensitive
<p> (A later test showed that the digital meters are insensitive
to a large a-c ripple superimposed on the measured d-c, but
within their rated accuracy of 0.1% give a true average value).</p>
<p> 2. There could be a large difference between the measured
<p> 2. There could be a large difference between the measured
voltage at the metering brushes and the actual generated
voltage in the output brush circuit due to armature
reaction, differences in the external metering and output
circuit geometry, or other unexplained causes.</p>
<p> As discussed above the various data do not seem to support this
<p> As discussed above the various data do not seem to support this
possibility.</p>
<p> 3. DePalma may have been right in that there is indeed a
<p> 3. DePalma may have been right in that there is indeed a
situation here whereby energy is being obtained from a
previously unknown and unexplained source.</p>
<p> This is a conclusion that most scientists and engineers would
<p> This is a conclusion that most scientists and engineers would
reject out of hand as being a violation of accepted laws of
physics, and if true has incredible implications.</p>
<p> 4. Perhaps other possibilities will occur to the reader.</p>
<p> The data obtained so far seems to have shown that while DePalma's
<p> 4. Perhaps other possibilities will occur to the reader.</p>
<p> The data obtained so far seems to have shown that while DePalma's
numbers were high, his basic premise has not been disproved.
While the Sunburst generator does not produce useful output power
because of the internal losses inherent in the design, a
number of techniques could be used to reduce the friction
losses, increase the total generated voltage and the
fraction of generated power delivered to an external load.</p>
<p> DePalma's claim of free energy generation could perhaps then
<p> DePalma's claim of free energy generation could perhaps then
be examined.</p>
<p> I should mention, however, that the obvious application of using
<p> I should mention, however, that the obvious application of using
the output of a "free-energy" generator to provide its own motive
power, and thus truly produce a source of free energy, has
occured to a number of people and several such machines have
been built.</p>
<p> At least one of these known to me [13], using what seemed to
<p> At least one of these known to me [13], using what seemed to
be a good design techniques, was unsuccessful.</p>
<p> FOOTNOTES</p>
<p> 1. DePalma, 1979a,b,c, 1981, 1983, 1984, etc.
<p> FOOTNOTES</p>
<p> 1. DePalma, 1979a,b,c, 1981, 1983, 1984, etc.
2. For example, Satelite News, 1981, Marinov, 1984, etc.
3. Martin, 1932, vol. 1, p.381.
4. Das Gupta, 1961, 1962; Lamme, 1912, etc.
@ -474,118 +475,118 @@ losses, while small, would be appreciable, however; their
inclusion would further increase the ratio of generated to
drive power so that the results described are conservative.
13. Wilhelm, 1981, and personal communication.</p>
<p> REFERENCES</p>
<p> [Bewley, 1949] - L. V. Bewley, letter re [Cohn, 1949a]; ELECTRICAL
<p> REFERENCES</p>
<p> [Bewley, 1949] - L. V. Bewley, letter re [Cohn, 1949a]; ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING, Dec. 1949, p.1113-4. (Claims error in Cohn's paper)</p>
<p> [Bewley, 1952] - L. V. Bewley, FLUX LINKAGES &amp; ELECTROMAGNETIC
<p> [Bewley, 1952] - L. V. Bewley, FLUX LINKAGES &amp; ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION, Macmillan, NY, 1952. (Explanation of induction
phenomena and the Faraday generator)</p>
<p> [Bumby, 1983] - J. R. Bumby, SUPERCONDUCTING ROTATING ELECTRICAL
<p> [Bumby, 1983] - J. R. Bumby, SUPERCONDUCTING ROTATING ELECTRICAL
MACHINES, Claredon Press, 1983. (Homopolar designs, high current
brushes including liquid metal)</p>
<p> [Cohn, 1949a] - George I. Cohn, "Electromagnetic Induction",
<p> [Cohn, 1949a] - George I. Cohn, "Electromagnetic Induction",
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, May 1949, p441-7. (Unipolar generator as
paradox)</p>
<p> [Cohn, 1949b] - George Cohn, letter re [Savage, 1949]; ELECTRICAL
<p> [Cohn, 1949b] - George Cohn, letter re [Savage, 1949]; ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING, Nov 1949, p1018. (Responds to criticism by Savage)</p>
<p> [Crooks, 1978] - M. J. Crooks et al, "One-piece Faraday generator:
<p> [Crooks, 1978] - M. J. Crooks et al, "One-piece Faraday generator:
A paradoxical experiment from 1851", Am. J. Phys. 46(7), July
1978, p729-31. (Derives Faraday generator performance using
Maxwell's equations)</p>
<p> [Cullwick, 1957] - E. G. Cullwick, ELECTROMAGNETISM AND RELATIVITY,
<p> [Cullwick, 1957] - E. G. Cullwick, ELECTROMAGNETISM AND RELATIVITY,
Longmans &amp; Green, London, 1957. (Chapter 10, "A Rotating
Conducting Magnet", pp.141-60, discusses question of flux rotation
with magnet)</p>
<p> [Das Gupta, 1961] - A. K. Das Gupta, "Design of self-compensated
<p> [Das Gupta, 1961] - A. K. Das Gupta, "Design of self-compensated
high current comparatively higher voltage homopolar generators",
AIEE Trans. Oct 1961, p567-73. (Discusses very high current
homopolar generator design)</p>
<p> [Das Gupta, 1962] - A. K. Das Gupta, "Commutatorless D-C generators
<p> [Das Gupta, 1962] - A. K. Das Gupta, "Commutatorless D-C generators
capable to supply currents more than one million amperes, etc"
AIEE Trans. Oct 1962, p399-402. (Discusses very high current low
voltage Faraday generators)</p>
<p> [DePalma, 1979a] - Bruce DePalma, EXTRACTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY
<p> [DePalma, 1979a] - Bruce DePalma, EXTRACTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY
DIRECTLY FROM SPACE: THE N-NACHINE, Simularity Institute, Santa
Barbara CA, 6 Mar 1979. (Discusses homopolar generator or N-Machine as free-energy source)</p>
<p> [DePalma, 1979b] - Bruce DePalma, "The N-Machine", Paper given at
<p> [DePalma, 1979b] - Bruce DePalma, "The N-Machine", Paper given at
the World Symposium on Humanity, Pasadena, CA, 12 April 1979.
(Describes background, development of "free-energy" theories)</p>
<p> [DePalma, 1979c] - Bruce DePalma, ROTATION OF A MAGNETIZED
<p> [DePalma, 1979c] - Bruce DePalma, ROTATION OF A MAGNETIZED
GYROSCOPE, Simularity Institute Report #33, 16 July 1979.
(Describes design of Sunburst homopolar generator)</p>
<p> [DePalma, 1980] - Bruce DePalma, "Performance of the Sunburst N
<p> [DePalma, 1980] - Bruce DePalma, "Performance of the Sunburst N
Machine", Simularity Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, 17 December
1980. (Description of tests and results)</p>
<p> [DePalma, 1981] - Bruce DePalma, "Studies on rotation leading to the
<p> [DePalma, 1981] - Bruce DePalma, "Studies on rotation leading to the
N-Machine", DePalma Institute, 1981 (transcript of talk?)
(Discusses experiments with gravity that led to development of
idea of free-energy machine)</p>
<p> [DePalma, 1983] - Bruce DePalma, THE ROTATION OF THE UNIVERSE,
<p> [DePalma, 1983] - Bruce DePalma, THE ROTATION OF THE UNIVERSE,
DePalma Institute Report #83, Santa Barbara, CA, 25 July 1983.
(Uses Faraday disc to discuss universal principles).</p>
<p> [DePalma, 1984] - Bruce DePalma, THE SECRET OF THE FARADAY DISC,
<p> [DePalma, 1984] - Bruce DePalma, THE SECRET OF THE FARADAY DISC,
DePalma Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, 2 Feb 1984. (Claims
explanation of Faraday disc as a free-energy device)</p>
<p> [Kimball, 1926] - A. L. Kimball, Jr., "Torque on revolving
<p> [Kimball, 1926] - A. L. Kimball, Jr., "Torque on revolving
cylindrical magnet", PHYS. REV. v.28, Dec 1928, p.1302-8.
(Alternative analysis of torque in a homopolar device to that of
Zeleny and Page, 1924)</p>
<p> [Kosow, 1964] - Irving L. Kosow, ELECTRICAL MACHINERY &amp; CONTROL,
<p> [Kosow, 1964] - Irving L. Kosow, ELECTRICAL MACHINERY &amp; CONTROL,
Prentice-Hall, 1964. (Discusses high current homopolar (acyclic)
generators)</p>
<p> [Lamme, 1912] - B. G. Lamme, "Development of a successful direct-current 2000-kW unipolar generator", AIEE Trans. 28 June 1912,
<p> [Lamme, 1912] - B. G. Lamme, "Development of a successful direct-current 2000-kW unipolar generator", AIEE Trans. 28 June 1912,
p1811-40. (Early discussion of design of high power homopolar
generator)</p>
<p> [Marinov, 1984]- Stefan Marinov, THE THORNY WAY OF TRUTH, Part II;
<p> [Marinov, 1984]- Stefan Marinov, THE THORNY WAY OF TRUTH, Part II;
Graz, Austria, 1984 (Advertisement in NATURE). (Claims free-energy generator proved by DePalma, Newman)</p>
<p> [Martin, 1932] - Thomas Martin (ed), FARADAY'S DIARY, Bell, 1932,
<p> [Martin, 1932] - Thomas Martin (ed), FARADAY'S DIARY, Bell, 1932,
in 5 vols. (Transcription and publication of Faraday's original
diaries)</p>
<p> [Nasar, 1970] - S. Nasar, ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES
<p> [Nasar, 1970] - S. Nasar, ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES
&amp; SYSTEMS, Prentice-Hall, 1970. (Discusses principles and
applications of acyclic (homopolar) machines)</p>
<p> [Satellite News, 1981] - "Researchers see long-life satellite power
<p> [Satellite News, 1981] - "Researchers see long-life satellite power
systems in 19th century experiment", Research news, SATELLITE
NEWS, 15 June 1981. (Reports DePalma's claim for free-energy
generator)</p>
<p> [Savage, 1949] - Norton Savage, letter re [Cohn, 1949a]; ELECTRICAL
<p> [Savage, 1949] - Norton Savage, letter re [Cohn, 1949a]; ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING, July 1949, p645. (Claims error in Cohn's paper)</p>
<p> [Wilhelm, 1980] - Timothy J. Wilhelm, INVESTIGATIONS OF THE N-EFFECT
<p> [Wilhelm, 1980] - Timothy J. Wilhelm, INVESTIGATIONS OF THE N-EFFECT
ONE-PIECE HOMOPOLAR DYNAMOS, ETC. (Phase I), Stelle, IL, 12 Sept
1980. (Discusses tests on DePalma's N-Machine)</p>
<p> [Wilhelm, 1981] - Timothy J. Wilhelm, INVESTIGATIONS OF THE N-EFFECT
<p> [Wilhelm, 1981] - Timothy J. Wilhelm, INVESTIGATIONS OF THE N-EFFECT
ONE-PIECE HOMOPOLAR DYNAMOS, ETC. (Phase II), Stelle, IL, 10 June
1981. (Design and tests of improved homopolar generator/motor)</p>
<p> [Zeleny, 1924] - John Zeleny &amp; Leigh Page, "Torque on a cylindrical
<p> [Zeleny, 1924] - John Zeleny &amp; Leigh Page, "Torque on a cylindrical
magnet through which a current is passing", PHYS. REV. v.24, 14
July 1924, p.544-59. (Theory and experiment on torque in a
homopolar device)</p>
<p> (Sysop note: The following figure also had an accompanying drawing)</p>
<p> Figure 5 - Transcription of the first experiment showing generation
<p> (Sysop note: The following figure also had an accompanying drawing)</p>
<p> Figure 5 - Transcription of the first experiment showing generation
of electrical power in a moving conductor by Michael
Faraday</p>
<p> 99*. Made many expts. with a copper revolving plate, about 12 inches
<p> 99*. Made many expts. with a copper revolving plate, about 12 inches
in diameter and about 1/5 of inch thick, mounted on a brass
axle.</p>
<p> To concentrate the polar action two small magnets 6 or 7 inches
<p> To concentrate the polar action two small magnets 6 or 7 inches
long, about 1 inch wide and half an inch thick were put against
the front of the large poles, transverse to them and with their
flat sides against them, and the ends pushed forward until
sufficiently near; the bars were prevented from slipping down
by jars and shakes by means of string tied round them.</p>
<p> 100. The edge of the plate was inserted more of less between the two
<p> 100. The edge of the plate was inserted more of less between the two
concentrated poles thus formed. It was also well amalgamated,
and then contact was made with this edge in different places by
conductors formed from equally thick copper plate and with the
extreme end edges grooved and amalgamated so as to fit on to
and have contact with the edges of the plate. Two of these
were attached to a piece of card board by thread at such</p>
<p> *[99]
<p> *[99]
(Sysop note: a sketch appeared in this area)</p>
<p> (Sysop note: The following figure also had an accompanying drawing)</p>
<p> Figure 7 - Test of a rotating magnet by Michael Faraday, December
<p> (Sysop note: The following figure also had an accompanying drawing)</p>
<p> Figure 7 - Test of a rotating magnet by Michael Faraday, December
26, 1831.</p>
<p> 255. A copper disc was cemented on the top of a cylinder magnet,
<p> 255. A copper disc was cemented on the top of a cylinder magnet,
paper intervening, the top being the marked pole; the magnet
supported so as to rotate by means of string, and the wires of
the galvanometer connected with the edge and the axis of the
@ -593,43 +594,43 @@ copper plate. When the magnet and disc together rotated
unscrew the marked end of the needle went west. When the
magnet and disc rotated screw the marked end of the needle
went east.</p>
<p> 256. This direction is the same as that which would have resulted
<p> 256. This direction is the same as that which would have resulted
if the copper had moved and the magnet been still. Hence
moving the magnet causes no difference provided the copper
moves. A rotating and a stationary magnet cause the same
effect.</p>
<p> 257. The disc was then loosed from the magnet and held still
<p> 257. The disc was then loosed from the magnet and held still
whilst the magnet itself was revolved; but now no effect upon
the galvanometer. Hence it appears that, of the metal circuit
in which the current is to be formed, different parts must
move with different angular velocities. If with the same, no
current is produced, i.e. when both parts are external to the
magnet.</p>
<p> (Sysop note: The following figure also had an accompanying drawing)</p>
<p> Figure 8 - Test data from report by Bruce DePalma</p>
<p> PERFORMANCE OF THE SUNBURST HOMOPOLAR GENERATOR</p>
<p> machine speed: 6000 r.p.m.
<p> (Sysop note: The following figure also had an accompanying drawing)</p>
<p> Figure 8 - Test data from report by Bruce DePalma</p>
<p> PERFORMANCE OF THE SUNBURST HOMOPOLAR GENERATOR</p>
<p> machine speed: 6000 r.p.m.
drive motor current no load 15 amperes
drive motor current increase
when N machine is loaded 1/2 ampere max.</p>
<p> Voltage output of N generator no load 1.5 volts d.c.
<p> Voltage output of N generator no load 1.5 volts d.c.
Voltage output of N generator loaded 1.05 v.d.c.
Current output of N generator 7200 amperes
(225 m.v. across shunt @ 50 m.v./1600 amp.)</p>
<p> Power output of N machine 7560 watts = 10.03 H.p.</p>
<p> Incremental power ratio = 7560/268 28.2 watts out/watts in</p>
<p> Internal resistance of generator 62.5 micro-phms</p>
<p> Reduction of the above data gives as the equivalent circuit for the
<p> Power output of N machine 7560 watts = 10.03 H.p.</p>
<p> Incremental power ratio = 7560/268 28.2 watts out/watts in</p>
<p> Internal resistance of generator 62.5 micro-phms</p>
<p> Reduction of the above data gives as the equivalent circuit for the
machine:</p>
<p> (Sysop note: a drawing R(internal) = 62.5 micro-ohms
<p> (Sysop note: a drawing R(internal) = 62.5 micro-ohms
appeared in this area) R(brush) = 114.25 " "
R(shunt) = 31.25 " "</p>
<p> BRUCE DEPALMA
<p> BRUCE DEPALMA
17 DECEMBER 1980</p>
<p> Page 14</p>
<p> Figure 15 - Summary of test results at 6500 rpm</p>
<p> I II III</p>
<p> MAGNET POWER OFF ON ON
<p> Page 14</p>
<p> Figure 15 - Summary of test results at 6500 rpm</p>
<p> I II III</p>
<p> MAGNET POWER OFF ON ON
OUTPUT SWITCH OPEN OPEN CLOSED
SPEED 6500 6500 6500 RPM
MAGNET CURRENT 0 16 16
@ -646,20 +647,21 @@ GENERATED VOLTAGE 1.280 (1.280)
VOLTS
GENERATED POWER 0 0 (6113)
WATTS</p>
<p> HOMOPOLAR GENERATOR TEST - BIG SPRINGS RANCH APRIL 26, 1986</p>
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<p> HOMOPOLAR GENERATOR TEST - BIG SPRINGS RANCH APRIL 26, 1986</p>
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</div>
</div>
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@ -1,101 +1,103 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
ENERGY FROM SPACE
An Engineer's Invention Excites Interest</p>
<p> In a tiny room in a Bombay suburb, an electrical engineer works
<p> In a tiny room in a Bombay suburb, an electrical engineer works
on a machine that seems to have been conceived in a Sci-Fi book - a
generator which can ostensibly produce electricity from nothing.</p>
<p> But the machine's creator, Paramahamsa Tewari, 51, is not an
<p> But the machine's creator, Paramahamsa Tewari, 51, is not an
eccentric inventor from one of Sukumar Ray's fantastic tales. He is
a senior engineer with the Department of Atomic Energy's Nuclear
Power Corporation (NPC).</p>
<p> Tewari created a minor sensation 10 years ago when he produced the
<p> Tewari created a minor sensation 10 years ago when he produced the
theory that space is filled with a dynamic medium whose swirling
motion is the source of all matter and energy.</p>
<p> He called it the Space Vortex Theory (SVT) which postulated that at
<p> He called it the Space Vortex Theory (SVT) which postulated that at
the heart of the electron was a void whose high speed rotation
within a vacuum could produce energy from space.</p>
<p> Interestingly, it was the Theosophical Society which had first
<p> Interestingly, it was the Theosophical Society which had first
published Tewari's theory by arranging a special lecture in 1977 at
Adyar in Madras.</p>
<p> The theosophists were excited by Tewari's ideas since they were
<p> The theosophists were excited by Tewari's ideas since they were
remarkably close to observations about the electron put forward by
Annie Besant's associate, the clairvoyant Charles W. Leadbeater, in
the book "Occult Chemistry."</p>
<p> However, the first indication that Tewari's ideas about the
<p> However, the first indication that Tewari's ideas about the
structure of space were more than just a mystic vision came earlier
this year at a conference in Hanover organised by the German
Association of Gravity Field Energy.</p>
<p> The Space Power Generator (SPG) invented by Tewari won the first
<p> The Space Power Generator (SPG) invented by Tewari won the first
prize of Rs 25000 from among 25 similar machines presented at the
conference by scientists from all over.</p>
<p> Tewari's generator is actually a simple machine, consisting
<p> Tewari's generator is actually a simple machine, consisting
basically of a magnetised cylinder rotating at high speed with the
help of a motor.</p>
<p> Power from this device is extracted by connecting a wire between the
<p> Power from this device is extracted by connecting a wire between the
surface of the cylinder and its axis. According to the engineer inventor, the SPG produces two-and-a-half to three-and-a-half times
more power than it consumes, defying the basic physical law of
conservation of energy which says that the output of energy cannot
be more than the input.</p>
<p> Tewari says the excess power comes from the inter-atomic space of
<p> Tewari says the excess power comes from the inter-atomic space of
the rotating cylinder - it is the movement of the "voids" in the
spinning cylinder which creates additional energy out of the space
between the machine's axis and the magnet.</p>
<p> Tewari admits that his theory sounds incredible taking into account
<p> Tewari admits that his theory sounds incredible taking into account
the existing laws and that he would never have developed it had he
been trained as a physicist and not an engineer, since it is so
divergent from conventional physics.</p>
<p> But, he says, it would have been difficult for him to go on with
<p> But, he says, it would have been difficult for him to go on with
work on the SVT and the generator were it not for encouragement from
two US physicists, John A. Wheeler, director of the Centre for
Theoretical Physics at the University of Texas, Austin, and Bruce
DePalma, formerly a lecturer in physics at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.</p>
<p> "But for DePalma, I wouldn't have been able to tie up my theory,"
<p> "But for DePalma, I wouldn't have been able to tie up my theory,"
says Tewari. "He was working on similar ideas and kept sending his
results to me."</p>
<p> Though Tewari, who is slated for transfer to the NPC's Kaiga Project
<p> Though Tewari, who is slated for transfer to the NPC's Kaiga Project
in Karnataka as chief project engineer, has pursued his interest in
physics in his spare time, he has received infrastructural support
from the NPC for putting together his extraordinary new machine.</p>
<p> The SPG was built under Tewari's supervision at the Tarapur Atomic
<p> The SPG was built under Tewari's supervision at the Tarapur Atomic
Plant. "Tewari's prototype SPG can be considered a major
breakthrough," says S. L. Kati, managing director of NPC.</p>
<p> Before leaving for Hanover, Tewari addressed a meeting of scientists
<p> Before leaving for Hanover, Tewari addressed a meeting of scientists
and engineers at the Bhaba Atomic Research Centre on his theory.</p>
<p> But most physicists remained sceptical about his findings.</p>
<p> Undaunted, he is experimenting with a new model of the SPG since his
<p> But most physicists remained sceptical about his findings.</p>
<p> Undaunted, he is experimenting with a new model of the SPG since his
return, which he feels will be an improvement. He eventually hopes
to create a prototype for a generator which could deliver 50 kw to
100 kw of electricity.</p>
<p> "The encouragement I received abroad has been a great help, and
<p> "The encouragement I received abroad has been a great help, and
hopefully within a year, I will be able to build an experimental
model which could ultimately prove commercially viable," he says.</p>
<p> Tewari, of course, is not the only engineer hoping to build the
<p> Tewari, of course, is not the only engineer hoping to build the
ultimate power generation machine - one which will run perpetually
since it will extract energy from space - as the Hanover conference
demonstrated.</p>
<p> In fact, DePalma, the first inventor to create such a machine, is
<p> In fact, DePalma, the first inventor to create such a machine, is
presently conducting experiments in California in anticipation of a
breakthrough which could lead to commercial production.</p>
<p> Their work promises to create ultimately a machine which appears to
<p> Their work promises to create ultimately a machine which appears to
come straight out of a futuristic fantasy.</p>
<p> - M. Rahman</p>
<p>X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
<p> - M. Rahman</p>
<p>X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
Rat Head Ratsnatcher 510-524-3649
Burn This Flag Zardoz 408-363-9766
realitycheck Poindexter Fortran 415-567-7043
Lies Unlimited Mick Freen 415-583-4102</p>
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
arcane knowledge, political extremism, diversive sexuality,
insane speculation, and wild rumours. ALL-TEXT BBS SYSTEMS.</p>
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
where you live, or what your phone number is. We are not Big Brother.</p>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

32
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@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
WBAI Pacifica Radio New York
Interview with Mark Swaney
By: Paul DeRienzo.</p>
<p>WBAI radio interview with Mark Swaney from "Faithful Arkansas"
<p>WBAI radio interview with Mark Swaney from "Faithful Arkansas"
a citizens group, speaking of Bill Clinton's and George Bush's
connection with the CIA covert drug smuggling operation in
Mena Arkansas in support of the Contras.
@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ PAUL DeRIENZO:
How would he have known that was the plane?
MARK SWANEY: </p>
<p>Oh that's never been explained. Along with a number of aspects
<p>Oh that's never been explained. Along with a number of aspects
in this famous story. We're in contact with Terry Reid's defense
attorney in Witchita and she's promised to send us all of the
documents --we have some of the documents already that indicate
@ -76,11 +77,11 @@ documents --we have some of the documents already that indicate
PAUL DeRIENZO:</p>
<p>Is that the same Buddy Young by the way who's head of Governor
<p>Is that the same Buddy Young by the way who's head of Governor
Clinton's security detail.
MARK SWANEY:</p>
<p>Yes he is.
<p>Yes he is.
PAUL DeRIENZO:
@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ of Mena Arkansas --that was determinates of a lot of these
Iran-Contra resupply flights.
MARK SWANEY:</p>
<p>Yes, in fact Terry Reid has stated in that same article that
<p>Yes, in fact Terry Reid has stated in that same article that
you have that it was the *hub* of the Contra resupply effort.
Many people are not aware that Arkansas was very heavily and
very deeply involved in the Iran-Contra affair all during the
@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ PAUL DeRIENZO:
Hassenfusse's plane was based there.
MARK SWANEY: </p>
<p>Pardon me.
<p>Pardon me.
PAUL DeRIENZO:
@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ Hassenfusse's plane, the plane that was shot down, was based
in Mena Arkansas.
MARK SWANEY:</p>
<p>That plane was based there formally before Barry Seal was
<p>That plane was based there formally before Barry Seal was
murdered just a few months before it was shot down. That
was Barry Seal's own personal airplane. But anyway what
you need to do, if you're a CIA or a drug smuggler is you
@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ that came out just a couple of days ago that Larry Nichols
has dropped a lawsuit that he had instituted in 1990 against
Governor Clinton that came after his 1988 dismissal from that
state job for miss-use of agency telephones.</p>
<p>Can you tell us who Larry Nichols was.
<p>Can you tell us who Larry Nichols was.
MARK SWANEY:
@ -400,13 +401,13 @@ wonder why should I even bother voting -- who's there to vote for.
I mean both sides the Democrats and the Republicans are involved.
MARK SWANEY: </p>
<p>That's another part of the story --you know the best way to buy
<p>That's another part of the story --you know the best way to buy
off an election is to pay off both candidates. There's significant
Republican interest in seeing Bill Clinton get the nomination
from the standpoint that they will be assured then that none
of the issues of the Iran-Contra affair are likely to be talked
about. Certainly Clinton doesn't want to talk about them.</p>
<p>We tried before we knew that Mr. Clinton was involved in this --
<p>We tried before we knew that Mr. Clinton was involved in this --
we only came across this information 5 or 6 months ago and
for two years now we've been doing demonstrations, writing
letters collecting petitions holding informational gatherings
@ -440,12 +441,13 @@ Governor's office we said -freedom of information act
to back up your statement that you are willing to help the
Polk County investigators do their own state investigation
in this affair. And he could not produce a single thing.</p>
<p>"Why of course the people don't want war... It is the leaders...who
<p>"Why of course the people don't want war... It is the leaders...who
determine the policy and it is always a simple matter to drag the
people along...all you have to do is tell them they are being attacked
and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the
country to danger. It works the same in any country.</p>
<p>Hermann Goering, 1936
<p>Hermann Goering, 1936
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

84
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@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
CONTRAS USED COCAINE TO BUY ARMS
BY VINCE BIELSKI and DENNIS BERNSTEIN</p>
<p> WASHINGTON--Senator John Kerry (D-Mass) and his staff said recently
<p> WASHINGTON--Senator John Kerry (D-Mass) and his staff said recently
they are "confident" that money from the sale of narcotics helped finance
the contras and that the arms network set up by Lt. Col. Oliver North could
be involved.</p>
<p> North was fired from the staff of the National Security Council by
<p> North was fired from the staff of the National Security Council by
President Reagan this week after the Administration discovered that North
arranged for the transfer $30 million from the sale of arms to Iran to
Swiss bank accounts controlled by the contras.</p>
<p> "I'm confident that the contras have received drug money. They have
<p> "I'm confident that the contras have received drug money. They have
received illegal shipments of weapons and that U.S. officials knew of it,"
Kerry said, in calling for a special prosecutor to look into these other
allegations.</p>
<p> John Weiner, a Kerry aide, said while congressional investigators do
<p> John Weiner, a Kerry aide, said while congressional investigators do
not know if North was directly involved, they do have evidence linking the
"North network" to the cocaine-arms operation. According to a report
produced by Kerry's staff, North established a network, involving retired
@ -24,30 +25,30 @@ arms to the contras during the two-year congressional ban on U.S. support.
After the downing of the C-123 cargo plane over Nicaragua, Administration
officials also acknowledged that North set up the private arms operation to
the contras.</p>
<p> Weiner and several other sources charge that individuals involved in
<p> Weiner and several other sources charge that individuals involved in
the network traffic in cocaine to help buy weapons for the contras.</p>
<p> "We have received a variety of allegations about drug connections to
<p> "We have received a variety of allegations about drug connections to
the contras and to parts of the North network. As to whether Oliver North
was directly involved in that I can't say. But parts of the North network
allegedly were. And that needs to be looked at very seriously," he said.</p>
<p> The Senate Foreign Relations committee is expected to investigate
<p> The Senate Foreign Relations committee is expected to investigate
these charges when Congress reconvenes in January.</p>
<p> The role that cocaine played in funding the network has been part of a
<p> The role that cocaine played in funding the network has been part of a
two-year investigation carried out by the Christic Institute, a Washington-based law firm. Dan Sheehan, the attorney directing the investigation, said
the proceeds from the sale of cocaine has been "one significant source of
funding for the contras. He said he has subsantial evidence to prove that
the contras and their Cuban-American supporters are smuggling one ton of
cocaine into the United States each week.</p>
<p> The Drug Enforcement Administration estimates that one ton of cocaine
<p> The Drug Enforcement Administration estimates that one ton of cocaine
has a street value of between $26 and $50 million. Sheehan said a portion
the profits are used to purchase weapons.</p>
<p> The cocaine ring, involving mostly major Columbian cocaine trafficker,
<p> The cocaine ring, involving mostly major Columbian cocaine trafficker,
or "cocaine lords," and Cuban-Americans from Miami had been operating for
years before the North network began in 1984. John Mattes, an attorney for
one of the Cuban-Americans involved in the North network, said that the
cocaine traffickers and the arms network "got together as a marriage of
convenience."</p>
<p> "The Columbians saw that the contra base in Costa Rica was an ideal
<p> "The Columbians saw that the contra base in Costa Rica was an ideal
transhipment point. Their planes would land there and refuel. They also
benefit from the pilots, planes and intelligence information which the arms
suppliers had and which they make extensive use of," Mattes said. In
@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ return, Mattes said the Columbians paid the contras $10000 to $25000 for
each plane carry cocaine which landed in Costa Rica for refueling. The
Christic Institute's allegations are all contained in a civil suit filed in
May 1986 in U.S. District Court in the Southern District of Florida.</p>
<p> The suit is brought by two U.S. journalists, Martha Honey and Tony
<p> The suit is brought by two U.S. journalists, Martha Honey and Tony
Avirgan, who charge that the cocaine/arms conspiracy was responsible for
the May 1984 assassination attempt on contra leader Eden Pastora in La
Penca, Nicaragua. The journalists are sueing for personal injuries they
@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ conspiracy is continuing to bring about one ton or 1000 kilos of cocaine
into the United States each week." Jesus Garcia, a former corrections
officer in Dade County, Florida, said he was actively involved in the
cocaine-arms operation.</p>
<p> He is one of Sheehan and Kerry's main sources of information. In a
<p> He is one of Sheehan and Kerry's main sources of information. In a
telephone interview from prison, where Garcia is no serving a three-year
term for possession of a firearm, he said "it is common knowledge here in
Miami that that this whole contra operation in Costa Rica was paid for with
@ -75,100 +76,101 @@ In May of 1983, according to the suit, two Cuban-Americans, Rene Corbo and
Felipe Vidal joined forces with John Hull, a U.S. citizen who owns 1750
acres of land in northern Costa Rica, "to recruit, train, finance (and)
arm" a Cuban-American mercenary force to attack Nicaragua.</p>
<p> To finance the mercenary force, the Cuban-Americans, Hull and others
<p> To finance the mercenary force, the Cuban-Americans, Hull and others
made arrangements with two known Columbian cocaine trafficers, Pablo
Escobar and Jorge Ochoa, "to provide hundreds of pounds of cocaine on a
regular basis," according to the suit. Garcia said that individuals
involved in the arms supply operation told him that Ochoa was supplying
cocaine to the contras.</p>
<p> The cocaine was flown from Columbia to Hull's ranch, Sheehan said,
<p> The cocaine was flown from Columbia to Hull's ranch, Sheehan said,
where the planes would refuel. Sheehan said he has obtained records of
Corbo buying huge gasoline tanks in Costa Rica which are used for refueling
the planes. The Christic Institute learned about the cocaine shipments from
members of Costa Rican Rural Guard, workers on Hull's land who unloaded the
illegal substance from the small planes, and the pilots who transported the
cocaine.</p>
<p> Corbo and Vidal belong to the Brigade 2506, an anti-Castro group in
<p> Corbo and Vidal belong to the Brigade 2506, an anti-Castro group in
Miami whose members were recruited and hired by the CIA to fight in the Bay
of Pigs invasion agaisnt Cuba. Kerry's staff report charges that "Hull...
has been identified by a wide range of sources, including Eden Pastora,
mercenaries, Costa Rican officials, and contra supporters as "deeply
involved with military support for the contras...and has been identified by
a wide-range of sources...as a CIA or NSC liaison to the contras."</p>
<p> According to Steven Carr and Peter Glibbery, two mercenaries based on
<p> According to Steven Carr and Peter Glibbery, two mercenaries based on
land operated by Hull who were captured by the Costa Rican Rural Guard in
1985, Hull introduced himself to them as "the chief liaison for the FDN
(National Democratic Force) and the CIA." Hull received $10000 a month
from the NSC, according to the report. The NSC denies having made payments
to Hull.</p>
<p> Hull has denied that he is assisting the contras and that he is
<p> Hull has denied that he is assisting the contras and that he is
working for the U.S. government.</p>
<p> Sheehan said that the cocaine is flown from the land operated by Hull
<p> Sheehan said that the cocaine is flown from the land operated by Hull
to Memphis and then to Denver. The drug is also packed into container ships
at the Costa Rican port of Limon and transported to Miami, New Orleans and
San Francisco.</p>
<p> Francisco Chanes, a Cuban-American, is the major importer and
<p> Francisco Chanes, a Cuban-American, is the major importer and
distributor of the cocaine coming in from Costa Rica, according to the
suit. Sheehan said he learned of Chanes' role from Drug Enforcement
Administration agents who investigated Chanes, Corbo and Vidal.</p>
<p> During a January 1986 interview with FBI agents, Garcia said he told
<p> During a January 1986 interview with FBI agents, Garcia said he told
the agents that Chanes and Corbo were also involved in the contra supply
operation.</p>
<p> Garcia said the agents responded by saying that Chanes and Corbo were
<p> Garcia said the agents responded by saying that Chanes and Corbo were
already the subjects of a FBI narcotics trafficing investigation. Mattes,
Garcia's attorney who was present at the interview, said he also heard the
agents say that the FBI was investigating Chanes and Corbo.</p>
<p> Sheehan said money from the sale of cocaine is deposited in one bank
<p> Sheehan said money from the sale of cocaine is deposited in one bank
in Miami and two in Central America and then withdrawn to purchase weapons
and explosives.</p>
<p> Garcia said he was personally involved in a March 1985 shipment of 6
<p> Garcia said he was personally involved in a March 1985 shipment of 6
tons of arms to Costa Rica from Miami. In July 1986, an official from the
U.S. Attorney's office in Miami confirmed to the Miami Herald that "we now
believe there were some weapons" illegally shipped to the contras by their
U.S. supporters from the Fort Lauderdale International airport in 1985.</p>
<p> Garcia said he saw both these weapons and three kilograms of cocaine
<p> Garcia said he saw both these weapons and three kilograms of cocaine
stored at the home of Chanes in Miami in the company of Chanes and Carr.</p>
<p> "They cocaine was kept in a dresser, about ten feet away from the
<p> "They cocaine was kept in a dresser, about ten feet away from the
weapons. Carr told me that the three keys (kilograms) was what was left
from a larger shipment," Garcia said.[EP</p>
<p> He said he had no direct evidence that the weapons in Chanes' home
<p> He said he had no direct evidence that the weapons in Chanes' home
were purchased with the proceeds from the sale of cocaine. He said that
Carr told him that the three kilograms were part of a larger shipment of
cocaine brought to the United States from Costa Rica in container ships
belonging Ocean Hunter, a seafood importing company owned by Chanes.</p>
<p> Garcia said he helped load the weapons into a van which were then
<p> Garcia said he helped load the weapons into a van which were then
taken to the aiport in Miami. Glibbery said he witnessed the arrival of
these weapons on airstrips located on land operated by Hull in Costa Rica,
according to the Kerry report.</p>
<p> The suit also names Theodore Shackley, former CIA associate deputy
<p> The suit also names Theodore Shackley, former CIA associate deputy
director for world wide covert operations, and retired Army Gen. John
Singlaub as the main weapons suppliers.</p>
<p> According to the suit, Shackley "knowingly accept(ed) the proceeds
<p> According to the suit, Shackley "knowingly accept(ed) the proceeds
from illegal sales of narcotics in payment for illegal arms shipments."
Singlaub has made "admissions to various reporters that he has sent guns
and bullets to the contras," according to the report.</p>
<p>********************
<p>********************
Reasearch and Editorial Assistance: Connie Blitt</p>
<p> Articles by Vince Bielski (San Fransisco-based) and Dennis Bernstein
<p> Articles by Vince Bielski (San Fransisco-based) and Dennis Bernstein
(new York) have appeared in Newsday, Philadelphia Inquirer, Plain Dealer,
Denver Post, Dallas Times Herald, Dallas Morning News, Baltimore Sun, San
Fransisco Examiner, Oakland Tribune, San Jose Mercury, Arizona Daily Star,
Seattle Times, Minnieapolis Star and Tribune, and others.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p>X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
<p>X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
Rat Head Ratsnatcher 510-524-3649
Burn This Flag Zardoz 408-363-9766
realitycheck Poindexter Fortran 415-567-7043
Lies Unlimited Mick Freen 415-583-4102</p>
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
arcane knowledge, political extremism, diversive sexuality,
insane speculation, and wild rumours. ALL-TEXT BBS SYSTEMS.</p>
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
where you live, or what your phone number is. We are not Big Brother.</p>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

36
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@ -1,32 +1,33 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> A QUICK LESSON IN DO-IT-YOURSELF EMBALMING</p>
<p>FROM 'THE BATHROOM ALMANAC' BY GUS MCLEAVY (FREDERICK FELL PUBLISHERS, INC.)</p>
<p>TYPED IN 80 COLUMNS BY BIG BAD BARBARIAN (PARDON MY BAD TASTE.)</p>
<p> TO BEGIN, YOU'LL NEED THREE TO SIX GALLONS OF EMBALMING FLUID. IF YOU
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> A QUICK LESSON IN DO-IT-YOURSELF EMBALMING</p>
<p>FROM 'THE BATHROOM ALMANAC' BY GUS MCLEAVY (FREDERICK FELL PUBLISHERS, INC.)</p>
<p>TYPED IN 80 COLUMNS BY BIG BAD BARBARIAN (PARDON MY BAD TASTE.)</p>
<p> TO BEGIN, YOU'LL NEED THREE TO SIX GALLONS OF EMBALMING FLUID. IF YOU
CAN'T FIND A BRAND NAME FLUID YOU CAN MIX YOUR OWN, USING DYED AND PERFUMED
FORMALDEHYDES, GLYCERINE, BORAX, PHENOL, ALCOHOL, AND WATER. THE PROPORTIONS
AREN'T TOO IMPORTANT TO THE FINISHED PRODUCT, AS DR. JESSE CARR WILL EXPLAIN
LATER.</p>
<p> FIRST OF ALL, THE MOUTH MUST BE SEWN TOGETHER AT THE INSIDE OF THE LIPS.
<p> FIRST OF ALL, THE MOUTH MUST BE SEWN TOGETHER AT THE INSIDE OF THE LIPS.
(THE NEEDLE IS BROUGHT OUT THROUGH THE NOSTRIL, USUALLY THE LEFT ONE.) THEN
YOU TAKE A TROCAR, A LONG HOLLOW NEEDLE ATTACHED TO A TUBE. DRAIN THE CONTENTS
OF THE ABDOMINAL AND CHEST CAVITIES, AND REPLACE THE REMOVED MATTER WITH CAVITY
FLUID. PUMP OUT THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM, REPLACE THE BLOOD AND PLASMA WITH THE
ENBALMING SOLUTION, AND THAT'S ABOUT IT. IN EIGHT TO TEN HOURS THE TISSUES WILL
BE FIRM AND DRY, AND READY FOR 'COSMETIC RESTORATION.'</p>
<p> CAREFUL, THOUGH! REGULAR ENBALMING FLUID WORKS DIFFERENTLY ON VARIOUS
<p> CAREFUL, THOUGH! REGULAR ENBALMING FLUID WORKS DIFFERENTLY ON VARIOUS
BODIES ACCORDING TO THE CAUSE OF DEATH. WHILE IT WILL GIVE A PLEASANT PINK GLOW
TO THE FLESH OF A VICTIM OF CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING, WHEN IT IS USED ON
SOMEONE WHO DIED OF JAUNDICE IT IMPARTS A GREEN TINGE THAT REQUIRES A LOT OF
MAKE-UP TO CONCEAL.</p>
<p> ALTHOUGH IT IS WIDELY BELIEVED TO PRESERVE A BURIED BODY, EMBALMING IN
<p> ALTHOUGH IT IS WIDELY BELIEVED TO PRESERVE A BURIED BODY, EMBALMING IN
FACT DOES NO SUCH THING. IF IT HAS ANY WORTHWHILE PURPOSE AT ALL, IT IS TO MAKE
THE OPEN CASKET FUNERAL MORE PALATABLE. DR. JESSE CARR IS NO FRIEND OF THE
MORTUARY INDUSTRY, BUT HE IS A FORMER CHIEF OF PATHOLOGY AT SAN FRANCISCO
GENERAL HOSPITAL AND PROFESSOR OF PATHOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
MEDICAL SCHOOL, AND HERE'S WHAT HE HAS TO SAY ABOUT IT:</p>
<p> AN EXHUMED BODY IS A REPUGNANT, MOLDY, FOUL-LOOKING OBJECT. IT'S NOT
<p> AN EXHUMED BODY IS A REPUGNANT, MOLDY, FOUL-LOOKING OBJECT. IT'S NOT
THE IMAGE OF ONE WHO HAS BEEN LOVED . . . THE BODY ITSELF MAY BE
INTACT, AS FAR AS CONTOURS AND SO ON; BUT THE SILK LINING OF THE
CASKET IS ALL STAINED WITH BODY FLUIDS, THE WOOD IS ROTTING, AND THE
@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ THAT THRIVE IN AN AIRLESS ATMOSPHERE, YOU SEE. THESE ARE THE
PUTREFACTIVE BACTERIA, AND THE RESULTS OF THEIR GROWTH ARE PRETTY
HORRIBLE . . . YOU'RE BETTER OFF WITH A SHROUD, AND NO CASKET AT
ALL.</p>
<p> ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
<p> ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The PIRATES' HOLLOW //
// 415-236-2371 //
// over 12 Megs of Elite Text Files //
@ -47,20 +48,21 @@ ALL.</p>
// "The Gates of Hell are open night and day; //
// Smooth is the Descent, and Easy is the way.." //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////</p>
<p>X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
<p>X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X</p>
<p> Another file downloaded from: NIRVANAnet(tm)</p>
<p> &amp; the Temple of the Screaming Electron Jeff Hunter 510-935-5845
Rat Head Ratsnatcher 510-524-3649
Burn This Flag Zardoz 408-363-9766
realitycheck Poindexter Fortran 415-567-7043
Lies Unlimited Mick Freen 415-583-4102</p>
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
<p> Specializing in conversations, obscure information, high explosives,
arcane knowledge, political extremism, diversive sexuality,
insane speculation, and wild rumours. ALL-TEXT BBS SYSTEMS.</p>
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
<p> Full access for first-time callers. We don't want to know who you are,
where you live, or what your phone number is. We are not Big Brother.</p>
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
<p> "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

166
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@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> ."". "NO STONE UNTURNED"
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> ."". "NO STONE UNTURNED"
." ". R A R A T REPORT
~~ ~~
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
BILL CROUSE, EDITOR FEB/MARCH 87 (c) 1987 NUMBER 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> POST WWII SIGHTINGS </p>
<p> The cold war began shortly after WWII. Turkey became one of the stages
<p> POST WWII SIGHTINGS </p>
<p> The cold war began shortly after WWII. Turkey became one of the stages
where this drama of confrontation between superpowers was played. Along with
Jupiter missiles, the Americans set up elaborate listening devices in Turkey
to monitor Soviet activity. Cat and mouse games to gauge Soviet readiness
@ -19,14 +20,14 @@ near the Soviet border, there were many fly-bys around the mountain. During
one such excursion, a Turkish pilot participating in the maneuvers volunteered
to show some of the American pilots Noah's Ark. Schwinghammer took all this in
a light vein but went along. </p>
<p> The editor of AR discussed this incident with Schwinghammer about two years
<p> The editor of AR discussed this incident with Schwinghammer about two years
ago. The only thing really clear in his memory was that it definitely looked
like a structure of some kind. He likened it to the long rectangular chicken
houses he had seen in the midwest. It didn't really hit him that this could
be Noah's Ark until he saw the movie In Search of Noah's Ark on TV.
Schwinghammer still is not sure what it was but he maintains it definitely was
a structure. </p>
<p> An interesting thing to note here about Schwinghammer is that he later flew
<p> An interesting thing to note here about Schwinghammer is that he later flew
many bombing missions in Vietnam with the particular responsibility of
spotting the targets on the ground. We mention this to point out that the man
was trained to spot objects from a plane.
@ -35,12 +36,12 @@ To read more on the Schwinghammer experience, see Berlitz' first book
Doomsday 1999 A.D. and the update in his latest book mentioned in this issue.
Schwinghammer now claims that the object he saw looked like the Hagopian
description as drawn by Elfred Lee. </p>
<p> Schwinghammer had a recollection of the U-2 pilots also seeing something in
<p> Schwinghammer had a recollection of the U-2 pilots also seeing something in
photos. They flew out of the same base in Adana. As you will recall from the
Gary Powers' incident the Americans were flying reconnoissance missions deep
into the heart of the Soviet Union. On many occasions this took them right
over Ararat. </p>
<p> In the spring of 1985, one Sunday morning, we received a phone call at 7:00
<p> In the spring of 1985, one Sunday morning, we received a phone call at 7:00
a.m. with the caller excitedly telling us that he knew someone who had seen
photographs of the Ark while in the Air Force. After garnering some of the
facts, we made an appointment to see this man to check out his story.
@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ this action ever became necessary. Our man remembers film coming in from
eastern Turkey. After he and others processed the film it was turned over to
another crew who were responsible for the analysis. What he remembers is the
perplexity these men had over a certain object high in the snows of Ararat. </p>
<p> It seems they could not figure out what the Turks could have built of that
<p> It seems they could not figure out what the Turks could have built of that
size at that extreme altitude. What could it be? Finally, he recalled
hearing one of them jokingly exclaim: "It must be Noah's Ark!" Being a
Christian at the time, our friend pricked up his ears and went over for a
@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ of the ice with most of it still buried. Since he was in top security he told
no one of the incident. Being a distant event he apparently felt it was O.K.
to now share the experience with the hope that it might yield some clue to the
Ark's whereabouts. </p>
<p> Upon discharge from the Air Force this gentleman enrolled in a Baptist
<p> Upon discharge from the Air Force this gentleman enrolled in a Baptist
college near this Air Force base to prepare for the ministry. While at this
college, he recalls another incident while strolling around the student lounge
one day. To his surprise he noticed on the bulletin board a photo cut out of
@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ when he realized it was from the roll he had processed only a few years
previously in the lab. He wondered who dared disclose the photograph because
he remembered how his superiors drilled into them the subject of secrecy and
the penalty involved. </p>
<p> To this day he does not know if it was Noah's Ark but he wonders what else
<p> To this day he does not know if it was Noah's Ark but he wonders what else
it could have been. This man (who wishes to remain anonymous) was once a
pastor of a large Baptist church in Kansas City. Today he is a marriage and
family counselor in a large clinic in Dallas. We know this man personally and
@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ a file labeled Noah's Ark and a slide purporting to be the Ark while stationed
at an Air Force base in the midwest (not the same base). We are not privy to
all the details of the General's testimony, but as far as we know, nothing new
has turned up despite the General's promise to try and locate the photographs. </p>
<p> In 1953 an American employed by an American oil company not only claimed to
<p> In 1953 an American employed by an American oil company not only claimed to
have seen the Ark while flying by in a helicopter, he also took a number of
photographs. Upon returning to the states this man, George J. Greene, was
unsuccessful in trying to raise support for a ground expedition. Some time
@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ later he died, or was murdered in South America. Many people however, saw his
photographs, too many in fact for this to have been a fictitious story. A
more complete account of Greene's discovery can be found in Noah's Ark: Fact
or Fable by Violet Cummings (213ff). </p>
<p> For two very good reasons we are now 99% convinced that what George Greene
<p> For two very good reasons we are now 99% convinced that what George Greene
saw was a large rock formation that is known to most Ark researchers. The
particular formation we refer to came to light in the mid-seventies as a
result of an expedition led by Tom Crotser of the Holy Ground Mission. The
@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ visible. Ark researchers have looked this photo over carefully and have
questioned its authenticity. It appeared to have been retouched. We now know
for a fact that it was indeed retouched, but not with any fraudulent intent,
so says Mr. David Fry, of Cleburne, TX a former acquaintance of Crotser's. </p>
<p> Fry met Crotser in a photo print shop in Dallas where he noticed Crotser's
<p> Fry met Crotser in a photo print shop in Dallas where he noticed Crotser's
scenic mountain photos. When he was informed that the mountain scenery was
Ararat, the two learned they had a mutual interest in Biblical history. Fry
agreed to assist Crotser in the analysis of the photo containing an
@ -113,49 +114,49 @@ through a magnifying lense. Fry simply enhanced these lines and presented the
photo to Crotser who then proceded to publicly proclaim the lines as planking
on a structure. He also began announcing to the press that the structure was
Noah's Ark. </p>
<p> The object in question is positively located on the eastern rim of the
<p> The object in question is positively located on the eastern rim of the
Ahora Gorge at approximately 12000 feet. It was photographed by Bob Stuplich
from the air in 1983 and by expeditions on the ground. </p>
<p> There are two reasons to link the Greene and Crotser sightings. Our first
<p> There are two reasons to link the Greene and Crotser sightings. Our first
reason for concluding that Greene's and Crotser's objects are one and the same
is their similarity to the sketch made by Fred Drake who claimed to have
viewed Greene's photographs. </p>
<p> Mr. Fry was kind enough to lend us a photograph of the object which he
<p> Mr. Fry was kind enough to lend us a photograph of the object which he
said was made from one of the Crotser's slides. The object was shot at eye
level from the western rim of the gorge much the same as Greene would have
done from the helicopter, only from further away. </p>
<p> To us the similarity is striking! The object lies almost due north and
<p> To us the similarity is striking! The object lies almost due north and
south exactly as Greene described it. The object is on a kind of rock shelf
over-looking a shear drop-off. When viewing Stuplich's aerial photos it
appears that a side shot would also look just as Drake sketched it. Cummings
also reports that Greene was flying over the northeastern side of the mountain
(p.219). </p>
<p> The fact that the object is at about 12000 feet also supports our
<p> The fact that the object is at about 12000 feet also supports our
contention. This is about the ceiling for a helicopter in the early '50s. We
did some checking on this awhile back and found that there was a high
performance French helicopter that could have flown to the summit of the
mountain, but it is doubtful that Greene would have had one of these at his
disposal. </p>
<p> This of course does not seal the case in concrete. We will never know for
<p> This of course does not seal the case in concrete. We will never know for
certain until we actually see Greene's photos. However, we said that there
were two reasons why we are convinced that Greene saw the same rock formation
that Crotser photographed in 1974. </p>
<p> Rod Younquist, engineer and veteran of several trips to Ararat, related to
<p> Rod Younquist, engineer and veteran of several trips to Ararat, related to
AR that he once met members of Crotser's expedition who informed him that they
had shown their photographs to people who had also viewed Greene's missing
photographs. Upon viewing the Holy Ground Mission photographs their response
was: "Oh, where did you get George Greene's photographs?" Hence our second
reason is the fact that Greene's friends mistakenly identified the Crotser
photographs as Greene's. </p>
<p> When Fry saw some of our slides of this object from different vantage
<p> When Fry saw some of our slides of this object from different vantage
points he too became doubtful. However, he said it really looks convincing
when viewed stereo-scopically. He would like to see more photographs to have
added confirmation. We agree. Perhaps one of our readers may have a close up
of this formation. </p>
<p>(In subsequent issues we will continue our investigation of post WWII
<p>(In subsequent issues we will continue our investigation of post WWII
sightings.) </p>
<p>EVOLUTION CONTRA CHRISTIANITY </p>
<p> Why are evolutionists so opposed to the subject of special creation? Is
<p>EVOLUTION CONTRA CHRISTIANITY </p>
<p> Why are evolutionists so opposed to the subject of special creation? Is
it due to the overwhelming superiority of the evidence? We think not. The
real reason these two positions are so at loggerheads is much deeper than
evidence. The conflict begins back at the presuppositional level.
@ -165,8 +166,8 @@ views rest on these presuppositions or assumptions. What we have between
Evolution and Christianity is a collision of world views. We thought it would
be helpful to our readers to pinpoint what some of these conflicting
assumptions are. First, we will list these side by side: </p>
<p> Christian Evolutionary </p>
<p> 1. Man fell from a 1. Living things
<p> Christian Evolutionary </p>
<p> 1. Man fell from a 1. Living things
higher estate. are evolving
(devolution) to higher forms.
@ -174,44 +175,44 @@ higher estate. are evolving
2. There is a qual-2. Only a quantitative difference
between man and the
animals. </p>
<p> 3. God's providence 3. Chance.
<p> 3. God's providence 3. Chance.
in nature. </p>
<p> 4. True moral values. 4. Only mores.
<p> 4. True moral values. 4. Only mores.
5. Open universe. 5. Closed universe.
6. Man needs re-6. Man needs more
demption. time. </p>
<p> 7. There is purpose 7. No purpose.
<p> 7. There is purpose 7. No purpose.
in the universe. </p>
<p> In future issues it is our plan to expound on these assumptions point by
<p> In future issues it is our plan to expound on these assumptions point by
point so our readers will know from whence the Creation-Evolution controversy
arises. </p>
<p>ARK MOVIES </p>
<p> We've had several responses to our inquiry in the January issue concerning
<p>ARK MOVIES </p>
<p> We've had several responses to our inquiry in the January issue concerning
the Bart LaRue movie, The Ark of Noah. We now have our own copy and have
viewed it several times with great interest. Our tape library now contains
quite a few hours of various Ark films and we thought it might be a service to
our readers to review what we've learned about other Ark films and where our
readers might have access to them. </p>
<p> What intrigues us is that more than four films about the search for Noah's
<p> What intrigues us is that more than four films about the search for Noah's
Ark appeared in one year, 1976! Incidentally, we know of at least eight or
nine books on the subject of the Ark and the Flood that appeared between '72
and '76. Certainly this must have inspired film-makers to take advantage of
the interest generated by the books. </p>
<p> We don't know who qualifies as being first, but two of the films produced
<p> We don't know who qualifies as being first, but two of the films produced
that year are feature-length and were shown in theaters. A videotape of the
aforementioned Bart LaRue film can still be ordered from: United
Entertainment, Inc., 6535 E. Skelley Dr., Tulsa, OK 74145. The cost is
$39.95. Their phone number is 918-622-6460. </p>
<p> This movie is of interest to Ark researchers because of its historic
<p> This movie is of interest to Ark researchers because of its historic
footage from Navarra, Search Foundation, and the Archaeological Research
Foundation. The movie itself plods along, contains many historical
inaccuracies, and is anti-Turkish in tone. LaRue himself is persona non-grata
in Turkey due to his illegal climb of the mountain while filming for the
movie. Viewers will also have difficulty discerning the real thing from what
is re-enactment. </p>
<p> Another major feature length movie, In Search of Noah's Ark, was made in
<p> Another major feature length movie, In Search of Noah's Ark, was made in
1976 by Sunn Classic Pictures. A major book of the same title was released
the same year. The authors of the book are Dave Balsiger and Charles E.
Sellier, Jr. Balsiger was the ghost-writer for the English version of
@ -221,13 +222,13 @@ Noah's Ark has been seen by millions and is frequently shown on late night TV.
A video of this movie can probably be ordered from your local video store.
This is a better film, but it leaves you with the impression that the Ark has
been found and that the evidence is more credible than we would allow. </p>
<p> Ken Anderson Films of Winona Lake, IN produced the film Noah's Ark and the
<p> Ken Anderson Films of Winona Lake, IN produced the film Noah's Ark and the
Genesis Flood. Jack Dabner, now with Seven Star Productions, in Long Beach,
CA headed up the research effort and narrated this film. It appeared first in
1976. It is approximately an hour in length and rents for $52.
Unfortunately, it is not available on videotape. The film can be rented
through local rental agencies who handle Ken Anderson films. </p>
<p> Films for Christ, distributes a film mainly dealing with the Genesis
<p> Films for Christ, distributes a film mainly dealing with the Genesis
Flood. It has been translated into many languages and is still used
frequently in churches and by missionaries. The emphasis is apologetic and
evangelistic. Its title is The World that Perished. It contains an excellent
@ -238,14 +239,14 @@ Christ, 2628 W. Birchwood Cir., Mesa, AZ 85202. We were told that this film
is based on a book of the same name authored by Dr. John Whitcomb of Grace
Theological Seminary. We are acquainted with this book, and can attest that
it is a work of high quality. We highly recommend it to our readers. </p>
<p> Last summer, a Dutch film crew joined the Irwin team for the purpose of
<p> Last summer, a Dutch film crew joined the Irwin team for the purpose of
making a documentary for Dutch television. A video (VHS) of this is available
from High Flight Foundation, Box 1387, Colorado Springs, CO 80901. Purchase
price is $20, or $10 to rent. The title of this video is: Waar is De Ark Van
Noach? Some of the dialogue is in Dutch but the majority is English. It
contains footage from a rare flight over the mountain, has a sense of drama,
and contains clear gospel testimonies by Col. Irwin and his team members. </p>
<p> We are also aware of another film released in '86 produced by Montana
<p> We are also aware of another film released in '86 produced by Montana
Film, a German Company. This film is 43 minutes in length and has been shown
on German television. This company films mountain-climbing events all over
the world and the fact that they included footage about the search for the Ark
@ -257,18 +258,18 @@ the Ark of Noah. An English-version video cassette is available, but we are
not aware of any U.S. distributors at this time. Inquiries can be sent to
their German address: Montana Film, Am Fort Elisabeth 15, D-6500 Mainz, W.
Germany. </p>
<p> We have knowledge that a Canadian film crew was present at Ararat in '85
<p> We have knowledge that a Canadian film crew was present at Ararat in '85
with the intent of making a documentary for Canadian Broadcasting, however, we
have no details at this time as to whether or not one was made or shown in
Canada. </p>
<p> To our knowledge, these are all the "Ark Movies" formally "published." If
<p> To our knowledge, these are all the "Ark Movies" formally "published." If
any of our readers are aware of others please let us know as we would like to
share that information. </p>
<p>GOPHER WOOD---A PROCESS? </p>
<p>submitted by
<p>GOPHER WOOD---A PROCESS? </p>
<p>submitted by
Dr. Don Shockey
Albuquerque, NM </p>
<p> When asked what the Ark of Noah was constructed from we all immediately
<p> When asked what the Ark of Noah was constructed from we all immediately
know the answer. We can respond without hesitation by replying--"gopher
wood." That is correct, and is exactly what the KJV of the Bible states.
Genesis 6:14: "make thee an ark of gopher wood." The New International
@ -282,13 +283,13 @@ scientifically examine the wood and attempt to resolve once and for all what
type of wood was used in its construction. All seem to agree that it would be
some type of hard wood. Guesses have included white oak, cypress, etc. even a
type of tree no longer on earth has been suggested. </p>
<p> The following is offered to our AR readers and Ark researchers as a
<p> The following is offered to our AR readers and Ark researchers as a
possible interpretation of the term "gopher wood." </p>
<p> Recently, during a professional seminar in Texas a doctor approached me,
<p> Recently, during a professional seminar in Texas a doctor approached me,
and a conversation began when I learned he was born in Israel and has a mother
who is 94 still living in Jerusalem. I asked him what gopher wood, as stated
in Genesis, really meant? The following is his reply: </p>
<p> "From a certain kind of resinous tree, when one makes an incision into the
<p> "From a certain kind of resinous tree, when one makes an incision into the
bark and collects the resin or sap, he can use it as glue by applying it at
the joint between two pieces of wood. After letting it dry over-night, he
will not be able to break the joint. The wood will break before the joined
@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ is not used very often in modern times since this sap will discolor any wood
it happens to come into contact with. This is what Noah used to construct the
Ark. 'Gopher wood' or 'gophering' is a process not a particular tree."
(Emphasis mine). </p>
<p> He further suggested that Noah used the "gophering process" to fashion the
<p> He further suggested that Noah used the "gophering process" to fashion the
large timbers from many different pieces of hardwood that could have been some
type of hard oak tree. What, specifically, we can only guess. This
information turned on a light within my thinking. What he described would be
@ -308,16 +309,16 @@ command. The original meaning should be traced back to determine if a gopher
wood process has any validity. As of this writing, a minister from
Albuquerque is to visit the Holy Land and will attempt to secure information
about this resin which we will test. I will update AR on this project. </p>
<p>BOOKS </p>
<p> In the November issue we noted that Charles Berlitz, author of the Bermuda
<p>BOOKS </p>
<p> In the November issue we noted that Charles Berlitz, author of the Bermuda
Triangle would be authoring a book on Noah's Ark and the Flood. We are
pleased to announce that this book is now available in major bookstore chains.
The book is titled The Lost Ship of Noah. It is published by G.P. Putnam's
Sons, and sells for $17.95 (hardback), 187 pp. </p>
<p> Berlitz is an author of the Erich von Daniken mold. He is particularly
<p> Berlitz is an author of the Erich von Daniken mold. He is particularly
interested in the myths and symbols of ancient cultures. It is his thesis
that behind them are actual historical events from which they arose. </p>
<p> This new book by Berlitz is an elaboration of a former book--Doomsday 1999
<p> This new book by Berlitz is an elaboration of a former book--Doomsday 1999
A.D. published in 1981. He believes there was not only a great world-wide
catastrophe in the past, i.e. a world-wide flood, but that there will likely
be another. He bases this prediction on two things: the course of modern
@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ events whereby man seems to be destroying his environment, and the numerous
prophecies from a variety of cultures and religions. He sees the majority of
these prophecies as being authentic revelations that are this very moment
moving toward fulfillment. </p>
<p> In The Lost Ship of Noah Berlitz seeks to bring his readers up-to-date on
<p> In The Lost Ship of Noah Berlitz seeks to bring his readers up-to-date on
the search for Noah's Ark on Mt. Ararat, and sets forth the cases for a
previous world-wide deluge, and the probability of future global destruction.
Since most of the previous books on the Ark were written in the 70s Berlitz
@ -337,74 +338,74 @@ many arks that saved representatives of their respective cultures from the
catastrophic flood-waters. In fact, he cites evidence of other ships being
found in mountains and anticipates that more will undoubtedly be uncovered
(see p. 166ff). </p>
<p> All Ark enthusiasts will appreciate the many photos by Ahmet Arslan and Jay
<p> All Ark enthusiasts will appreciate the many photos by Ahmet Arslan and Jay
Bitzer, who was this editor's photographer in a 1985 expedition. While most
Christians will not accept his multiple ark theory we commend him for making a
clear case for a universal flood. SUMMER OF '87 </p>
<p> About this time of the year, the Ark Grapevine is humming with news about
<p> About this time of the year, the Ark Grapevine is humming with news about
expedition plans, new objects spotted in old photos, and new theories about
location, etc. </p>
<p> Permits are generally applied for in January. Plans are being made to
<p> Permits are generally applied for in January. Plans are being made to
raise funds. Intense research is being carried out. Regular calls are made
to the Turkish embassy, and there is an "air" of secrecy. </p>
<p> AR is not a "tell all" sheet. If someone informs us about their plans or
<p> AR is not a "tell all" sheet. If someone informs us about their plans or
research in confidence, we don't print it. Right now we are aware of some
pretty exciting research going on and some interesting developments that we
hope to report to you at the right time. </p>
<p> Currently we are aware of about 7 or 8 groups that are applying for
<p> Currently we are aware of about 7 or 8 groups that are applying for
research permits for Mt. Ararat. Foreign groups are also getting involved.
We are aware of French, Norwegian and Japanese groups who are interested in
the search for the Ark. There is the possibility that a helicopter will be
used this summer for the first time. They will need adequate financing and
much prayer to pull this off. </p>
<p> It is also our hope that the ship-shaped formation southeast of Ararat will
<p> It is also our hope that the ship-shaped formation southeast of Ararat will
be properly excavated this summer. We will also endeavor to keep you up-to-date on this strange shape which the Turkish government is claiming to be the
Ark of Noah.
</p>
<p>POLITICAL AND WEATHER WATCH </p>
<p> We are still getting unconfirmed reports of a horrendous winter in Eastern
<p>POLITICAL AND WEATHER WATCH </p>
<p> We are still getting unconfirmed reports of a horrendous winter in Eastern
Turkey. We have news reports stating that areas in Turkey and Greece have
received snow where it has never snowed before! </p>
<p> On the political side we are happy to report that the U.S. has signed a new
<p> On the political side we are happy to report that the U.S. has signed a new
five year treaty with Turkey. Our government will be paying $1 billion for
the privilege of maintaining our military bases. </p>
<p> The following article appeared in Insight, Mar. 30, 1987: </p>
<p> "A report from Ankara's Security Department has accused Libya and Syria of
<p> The following article appeared in Insight, Mar. 30, 1987: </p>
<p> "A report from Ankara's Security Department has accused Libya and Syria of
supplying arms and logistic support to Kurdish separatist terrorists in Turkey
and Iraq. The allegation was made during the trial of five persons accused of
smuggling arms into Turkey from Syria for the Kurds. Most of the insurgents
are members of the Kurdish Labor Party, a Marxist-Leninist organization with
headquarters in Syria. </p>
<p> The groups said to be receiving the supplies are the Kurdish Democratic
<p> The groups said to be receiving the supplies are the Kurdish Democratic
Party, Kurdish Workers Party and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan. </p>
<p> According to Western analysts, following the Turkish bombing of Kurdish
<p> According to Western analysts, following the Turkish bombing of Kurdish
camps in Iraq last August, the flow of arms (some believed to be a gift of
Libya's Col. Muammar Quaddafi) across the Syrian border is beginning to
increase in numbers and sophistication." </p>
<p> This one appeared in the Rocky Mountain News, 3/9/87: </p>
<p> "Assailants believed to be Kurdish guerrillas raided a Turkish village near
<p> This one appeared in the Rocky Mountain News, 3/9/87: </p>
<p> "Assailants believed to be Kurdish guerrillas raided a Turkish village near
the Syrian border, killing six children and two adults, the Anatolia news
agency said yesterday. </p>
<p> The assailants fired automatic weapons and hurled hand grenades at two
<p> The assailants fired automatic weapons and hurled hand grenades at two
homes in the village of Acikyol on Saturday night, the news agency said. </p>
<p> Most of the guerrillas operating in the region are linked to the Kurdish
<p> Most of the guerrillas operating in the region are linked to the Kurdish
Labor Party, which wants to set up an independent Kurdish state in eastern and
southeastern Turkey." </p>
<p> A note of interest with regard to the previous news article: The incident
<p> A note of interest with regard to the previous news article: The incident
referred to took place very close to one of the traditional resting places of
Noah's Ark--Nisibis. We will be doing a major article on the other
traditional resting places of Noah's Ark in a future issue. </p>
<p>BITS AND PIECES </p>
<p> In the November issue, we mentioned another forthcoming book by Rene
<p>BITS AND PIECES </p>
<p> In the November issue, we mentioned another forthcoming book by Rene
Noorbergen which would defend the thesis that the ship-shaped object south of
Ararat is the Ark. We have been informed that this book will not be out until
June. </p>
<p>* Back issues of ARARAT REPORT are available on the same donation basis. </p>
<p>* A continuously updated outline and bibliography is available on the search
<p>* Back issues of ARARAT REPORT are available on the same donation basis. </p>
<p>* A continuously updated outline and bibliography is available on the search
for Noah's Ark. Please send $2.00 for postage and copying. </p>
<p>* A comprehensive bibliography on the subject of "Kibowtology" (Ark research)
<p>* A comprehensive bibliography on the subject of "Kibowtology" (Ark research)
is under preparation. Target date: early summer. </p>
<p>* Christian Information Ministries, International, which publishes the ARARAT
<p>* Christian Information Ministries, International, which publishes the ARARAT
REPORT, is a faith ministry. That is, we depend on the gifts of God's people
to sustain us. The ARARAT REPORT is sent as a free gift to those who enable
this ministry to continue through their giving. If you own a personal
@ -413,11 +414,12 @@ INFORMED CHRISTIAN NETWORK, write or call to receive a password. All back
issues of ARARAT REPORT are downloadable from our database. THE INFORMED
CHRISTIAN NETWORK is a growing library of Christian Information that we are
seeking to make available to the Body of Christ. </p>
<p>* We would like to make our readers aware of Origins Research &amp; Information
<p>* We would like to make our readers aware of Origins Research &amp; Information
Service, 137 Oak Crest Dr., Lafayette, LA 70503. For $1.00 they will send an
introductory packet of Creationist material. </p>
<p>* We invite letters to the editor. We will print those that will make a
<p>* We invite letters to the editor. We will print those that will make a
contribution to the overall discussion.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

278
pre-src-xml/exec_ord.xml
View File

@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Path: uuwest!control.spies.com!spies!sgiblab!sgigate!olivea!stratus!florida!lpb
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Path: uuwest!control.spies.com!spies!sgiblab!sgigate!olivea!stratus!florida!lpb
From: lpb@florida.swdc.stratus.com (Len Bucuvalas)
Newsgroups: alt.conspiracy
Subject: Re: Executive Orders
@ -9,16 +10,16 @@ Date: 11 Nov 92 18:58:32 GMT
References: <special>BxGKI1.HDn@usenet.ucs.indiana.edu</special>
Sender: news@SWDC.Stratus.COM
Lines: 1615</p>
<p>This is in reply to the original poster. What is is what
<p>This is in reply to the original poster. What is is what
can happen. What is not, has happened, and what may be will
happen.</p>
<p>My 2 cents worth of gobbledygook for the day! ;^)</p>
<p>This file describes, FEMA, all EOs, and provides examples of
<p>My 2 cents worth of gobbledygook for the day! ;^)</p>
<p>This file describes, FEMA, all EOs, and provides examples of
their use.</p>
<p>Len
<p>Len
========================================================================</p>
<p>SUBJECT: FEMA GULAG</p>
<p>
<p>SUBJECT: FEMA GULAG</p>
<p>
SECRET CONCENTRATION CAMPS
@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ to put Executive Orders into effect in "times of increased
international tension or financial crisis". He is also to
perform such additional functions as the President
may direct.</p>
<p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------
<p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Dangerous Fact Not Generally Known
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ AGAINST INVASION; AND ON APPLICATION OF THE LEGISLATURE, OR OF THE
EXECUTIVE (WHEN THE LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE CONVENED) AGAINST
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE." "REGIONAL GOVERNMENT IS NOT A REPRESENTATIVE
REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT!"</p>
<p> When Government gets out of hand and can no longer be controlled
<p> When Government gets out of hand and can no longer be controlled
by the people, short of violent overthrow as in 1776, there are
two sources of power which are used by the dictatorial government
to keep the people in line: the Police Power and the Power of the
@ -104,12 +105,12 @@ local Governments. These powers have been taken over, with the
permission of the Federal Legislature and the State Governments,
by the Executive Branch of the Federal Government and all attempts
to reclaim that lost power have been defeated.</p>
<p> Stated simply: the dictatorial power of the Executive rests primarily
<p> Stated simply: the dictatorial power of the Executive rests primarily
on three basis: Executive Order 11490, Executive Order 11647, and
the Planning, Programming, Budgeting System which is operated
through the new and all-powerful Office of Management and
Budget.</p>
<p> E. O. 11490 is a compilation of some 23 previous Executive Orders,
<p> E. O. 11490 is a compilation of some 23 previous Executive Orders,
signed by Nixon on Oct. 28, 1969, and outlining emergency functions
which are to be performed by some 28 Executive Departments and
Agencies whenever the President of the United States declares
@ -128,10 +129,10 @@ Branch can:
* Take over farms, ranches, timberized properties
* Regulate the amount of your own money you may withdraw from
your bank, or savings and loan institution</p>
<p> All of these and many more items are listed in 32 pages incorporating
<p> All of these and many more items are listed in 32 pages incorporating
nearly 200000 words, providing and absolute bureaucratic
dictatorship whenever the President gives the word.</p>
<p>--&gt; Executive Order 11647 provides the regional and local mechanisms
<p>--&gt; Executive Order 11647 provides the regional and local mechanisms
--&gt; and manpower for carrying out the provisions of E. O. 11490.
--&gt; Signed by Richard Nixon on Feb. 10, 1972, this Order sets up Ten
--&gt; Federal Regional Councils to govern Ten Federal Regions made up
@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ dictatorship whenever the President gives the word.</p>
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Don sez: </p>
<p>*Check out this book for the inside scoop on the "secret" Constitution.*
<p>*Check out this book for the inside scoop on the "secret" Constitution.*
SUBJECT: - "The Proposed Constitutional Model" Pages 595-621
Book Title - The Emerging Constitution
@ -149,9 +150,9 @@ Dewey Decimal - 342.73 T915E
ISBN - 0-06-128225-10
Note Chapter 14
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</p>
<p> The 10 Federal Regions
<p> The 10 Federal Regions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
<p> REGION I: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode
<p> REGION I: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, Vermont.
Regional Capitol: Boston
REGION II: New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, Virgin Island.
@ -175,63 +176,63 @@ REGION IX: Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada.
Regional Capitol: San Fransisco
REGION X: Alaska, Oregon, Washington, Idaho.
Regional Capitol: Seattle</p>
<p> Supplementing these Then Regions, each of the States is, or is to
<p> Supplementing these Then Regions, each of the States is, or is to
be, divided into subregions, so that Federal Executive control
is provided over every community.</p>
<p> Then, controlling the bedgeting and the programming at every
<p> Then, controlling the bedgeting and the programming at every
level is that politico-economic system known as PPBS.</p>
<p> The President need not wait for some emergency such as an impeachment
<p> The President need not wait for some emergency such as an impeachment
ouster. He can declare a National Emergency at any time, and freeze
everything, just as he has already frozen wages and prices. And
the Congress, and the States, are powerless to prevent such an
Executive Dictatorship, unless Congress moves to revoke these
extraordinary powers before the Chief Executive moves to invoke
them.</p>
<p> THESE EXECUTIVE ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE THE INTENT AND
<p> THESE EXECUTIVE ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE THE INTENT AND
PURPOSE OF ARTICLE 4 SECTION 3. THERE IS NO PROVISION IN THIS
SECTION OR THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES FOR FORMING A
REGIONAL STATE OUT OF A GROUP OF STATES! FURTHER, THESE EXECUTIVE
ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE THE 9TH AND 10TH
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION!</p>
<p> By Proclaiming and Putting Into Effect Executive Order No. 11490,
<p> By Proclaiming and Putting Into Effect Executive Order No. 11490,
the President would put the United States under TOTAL MARTIAL LAW
AND MILITARY DICTATORSHIP! The Guns Of The American People Would
Be Forcibly Taken!</p>
<p>--------------------------------END:REF1----------------------------------------
<p>--------------------------------END:REF1----------------------------------------
################################################################################
--------------------------------REF2:FEMA---------------------------------------</p>
<p>Newsgroups: misc.activism.progressive
<p>Newsgroups: misc.activism.progressive
Subject: 1988 National Emergencies Act--&gt; Consolidating the Imperial Executive
Followup-To: alt.activism.d
Lines: 691</p>
<p>&gt;Sender: Activists Mailing List <special>ACTIV-L@UMCVMB.BITNET</special>
<p>&gt;Sender: Activists Mailing List <special>ACTIV-L@UMCVMB.BITNET</special>
&gt;From: dave 'who can do? ratmandu!' ratcliffe
&gt; <special>dave@ratmandu.corp.sgi.com</special>
</p>
<p>Keywords: "To preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution, so help me God."
</p>
<p>Keywords: "To preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution, so help me God."
Lines: 696</p>
<p> Bushie-Tail used the Gulf War Show to greatly expand the powers of the
<p> Bushie-Tail used the Gulf War Show to greatly expand the powers of the
presidency. During this shell game event, the Executive Orders signed
into "law" continued Bushie's methodical and detailed program to bury
any residual traces of the constitutional rights and protections of U.S.
citizens. The Bill of Rights--[almost too late to] use 'em or lose 'em:</p>
<p> || The record of Bush's fast and loose approach to ||
<p> || The record of Bush's fast and loose approach to ||
|| constitutionally guaranteed civil rights is a history of ||
|| the erosion of liberty and the consolidation of an imperial ||
|| executive. ||</p>
<p> -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<p> -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From "Covert Action Information Bulletin," Number 37, Summer, 1991 (see
bottom 2 pages for subscription &amp; back issues info on this quarterly):</p>
<p> Domestic Consequences of the Gulf War
<p> Domestic Consequences of the Gulf War
Diana Reynolds
Reprinted with permission of CAIB. Copyright 1991</p>
<p> Diana Reynolds is a Research Associate at the Edward R. Murrow Center,
<p> Diana Reynolds is a Research Associate at the Edward R. Murrow Center,
Fletcher School for Public Policy, Tufts University. She is also an
Assistant Professor of Politics at Broadford College and a Lecturer at
Merrimack College.</p>
<p> A war, even the most victorious, is a national misfortune.
<p> A war, even the most victorious, is a national misfortune.
--Helmuth Von Moltke, Prussian field marshall</p>
<p> George Bush put the United States on the road to its second war in
<p> George Bush put the United States on the road to its second war in
two years by declaring a national emergency on August 21990. In
response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, Bush issued two Executive
Orders (12722 and 12723) which restricted trade and travel with Iraq
@ -244,7 +245,7 @@ budget agreement with Congress which had frozen defense spending, to
entrench further the U.S. economy in the mire of the military-industrial complex, to override environmental protection regulations,
and to make free enterprise and civil liberties conditional upon an
executive determination of national security interests.</p>
<p> The State of Emergency
<p> The State of Emergency
In time of war a president's power derives from both constitutional
and statutory sources. Under Article II, Section 2 of the
Constitution, he is Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. Although
@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ presidential emergency powers were apprehensive about the domestic
ramifications of any national emergency declared by George Bush. In
light of Bush's record (see "Bush Chips Away at Constitution" Box
below) and present performance, their fears appear well-founded.</p>
<p> The War at Home
<p> The War at Home
It is too early to know all of the emergency powers, executive
orders and findings issued under classified National Security
Directives[2] implemented by Bush in the name of the Gulf War. In
@ -301,7 +302,7 @@ in this six month period suggests an unusual amount of government
resources utilized to direct the national emergency state. In
contrast, government salaries for one year of the state of emergency
with Iran[4] cost only $430000.</p>
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
| Bush Chips Away at Constitution
| George Bush, perhaps more than any other individual in
U.S. history, has expanded the emergency powers of
@ -400,12 +401,12 @@ September 2, 1990; Bernard Weintraub, "Bush Considers
Calling Guard To Fight Drug Violence in Capital," "New
York Times," March 21, 1989.
--------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p>---Continued in FEMA pt 2 ------------------------------------------------
<p>---Continued in FEMA pt 2 ------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: alt.activism,alt.conspiracy
Subject: FEMA Summary Pt 2
Lines: 467</p>
<p>----FEMA pt 2 continued ----------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Even those Executive Orders which have been made public tend to
<p>----FEMA pt 2 continued ----------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Even those Executive Orders which have been made public tend to
raise as many questions as they answer about what actions were
considered and actually implemented. On January 8, 1991, Bush signed
Executive Order 12742, National Security Industrial Responsiveness,
@ -424,7 +425,7 @@ flow of energy in case of a prolonged engagement or disruption of
supply. Antitrust waivers were also being pursued and oil companies
were engaged in emergency preparedness exercises with the Department
of Energy.[5]</p>
<p> Wasting the Environment
<p> Wasting the Environment
In one case the use of secret powers was discovered by a watchdog
group and revealed in the press. In August 1990, correspondence
passed between Colin McMillan, Assistant Secretary of Defense for
@ -476,7 +477,7 @@ weapons. Bush signed the law, although he had rejected the identical
measure the year before because it did not give him the executive
power to waive all sanctions if he thought the national interest
required it.[11] The new bill, however, met Bush's requirements.</p>
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
| BUSH'S EXECUTIVE ORDERS
| * EO 12722 "Blocking Iraqi Government Property and
Prohibiting Transactions With Iraq," Aug. 2, 1990.
@ -513,7 +514,7 @@ Area," Feb. 14, 1991.
| * EO 12751 "Health Care Services for Operation Desert
Storm," Feb. 14, 1991.
--------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Going Off Budget
<p> Going Off Budget
Although some of the powers which Bush assumed in order to conduct
the Gulf War were taken openly, they received little public discussion
or reporting by the media.
@ -524,15 +525,15 @@ Congress and the President one of the first U.S. casualties of the
war. While on one hand the deal froze arms spending through 1996, it
also allowed Bush to put the cost of the Gulf War "off budget." Thus,
using its emergency powers, the Bush administration could:</p>
<p> * incur a deficit which exceeds congressional budget authority;</p>
<p> * prevent Congress from raising a point of order over the
<p> * incur a deficit which exceeds congressional budget authority;</p>
<p> * prevent Congress from raising a point of order over the
excessive spending;[12]</p>
<p> * waive the requirement that the Secretary of Defense submit
<p> * waive the requirement that the Secretary of Defense submit
estimates to Congress prior to deployment of a major defense
acquisition system;</p>
<p> * and exempt the Pentagon from congressional restrictions on
<p> * and exempt the Pentagon from congressional restrictions on
hiring private contractors.[13]</p>
<p> While there is no published evidence on which powers Bush actually
<p> While there is no published evidence on which powers Bush actually
invoked, the administration was able to push through the 1990 Omnibus
Reconciliation Act. This legislation put a cap on domestic spending,
created a record $300 billion deficit, and undermined the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act intended to reduce the federal deficit. Although
@ -548,7 +549,7 @@ Tomahawk, Hellfire and HARM missiles from its regular budget to the
supplemental budget; added normal wear and tear of equipment to
supplemental appropriations; and made supplemental requests which
ignore a planned 25% reduction in the armed forces by 1995.[16]</p>
<p> The Cost In Liberty Lost
<p> The Cost In Liberty Lost
Under emergency circumstances, using 50 USC sec. 1811, the
President could direct the Attorney General to authorize electronic
surveillance of aliens and American citizens in order to obtain
@ -569,7 +570,7 @@ East and explained that the Agency intended to open a file on each of
the students. Anti-war groups have also reported several break-ins of
their offices and many suspected electronic surveillance of their
telephones.[19]</p>
<p> Pool of Disinformation
<p> Pool of Disinformation
Emergency powers to control the means of communications in the U.S.
in the name of national security were never formally declared. There
was no need for Bush to do so since most of the media voluntarily and
@ -597,7 +598,7 @@ until after the war ended. It was then dismissed when the judge ruled
that since the war had ended, the issues raised had become moot. The
legal status of the restrictions--initially tested during the U.S.
invasions of Grenada and Panama--remains unsettled.</p>
<p> A National Misfortune
<p> A National Misfortune
It will be years before researchers and journalists are able to
ferret through the maze of government documents and give a full
appraisal of the impact of the President's emergency powers on
@ -616,10 +617,10 @@ U.S. assists Kuwait in cleaning up its environmental disaster, it will
increase pollution at home. Indeed, as the long-dead Prussian field
marshal prophesied, "a war, even the most victorious, is a national
misfortune."</p>
<p> FOOTNOTES:</p>
<p> 1. The administrative guideline was established under Reagan in Executive
<p> FOOTNOTES:</p>
<p> 1. The administrative guideline was established under Reagan in Executive
Order 12656, November 181988, "Federal Register," vol. 23, no. 266.</p>
<p> 2. For instance, National Security Council policy papers or National
<p> 2. For instance, National Security Council policy papers or National
Security Directives (NSD) or National Security Decision Directives
(NSDD) have today evolved into a network of shadowy, wide-ranging and
potent executive powers. These are secret instruments, maintained in
@ -628,29 +629,29 @@ an excellent discussion see: Harold C. Relyea, The Coming of Secret
Law, "Government Information Quarterly," Vol. 5, November 1988; see
also: Eve Pell, "The Backbone of Hidden Government," "The Nation,"
June 191990.</p>
<p> 3. "Letter to Congressional Leaders Reporting on the National Emergency
<p> 3. "Letter to Congressional Leaders Reporting on the National Emergency
With Respect to Iraq," February, 11, 1991, "Weekly Compilation of
Presidential Documents: Administration of George Bush," (Washington,
DC: U.S. Government Printing Office), pp. 158-61.</p>
<p> 4. The U.S. now has states of emergency with Iran, Iraq and Syria.</p>
<p> 5. Allanna Sullivan, "U.S. Oil Concerns Confident Of Riding Out Short Gulf
<p> 4. The U.S. now has states of emergency with Iran, Iraq and Syria.</p>
<p> 5. Allanna Sullivan, "U.S. Oil Concerns Confident Of Riding Out Short Gulf
War," "Wall Street Journal Europe," January 7, 1991.</p>
<p> 6. Colin McMillan, Letter to Michael Deland, Chairman, Council on
<p> 6. Colin McMillan, Letter to Michael Deland, Chairman, Council on
Environmental Quality (Washington, DC: Executive Office of the
President), August 24, 1990; Michael R. Deland, Letter to Colin
McMillan, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Production and Logistics
(Washington, DC: Department of Defense), August 291990.</p>
<p> 7. Keith Schneider, "Pentagon Wins Waiver Of Environmental Rule," "New York
<p> 7. Keith Schneider, "Pentagon Wins Waiver Of Environmental Rule," "New York
Times," January 30, 1991.</p>
<p> 8. 33 U.S. Code (USC) sec. 1902 9(b).</p>
<p> 9. 33 USC sec. 2503 l(b).</p>
<p> 10. 50 USC sec. 1521(b) (3)(A).</p>
<p> ll. Adam Clymer, "New Bill Mandates Sanctions On Makers of Chemical Arms,"
<p> 8. 33 U.S. Code (USC) sec. 1902 9(b).</p>
<p> 9. 33 USC sec. 2503 l(b).</p>
<p> 10. 50 USC sec. 1521(b) (3)(A).</p>
<p> ll. Adam Clymer, "New Bill Mandates Sanctions On Makers of Chemical Arms,"
"New York Times," February 22, 1991.</p>
<p> 12. 31 USC O10005 (f); 2 USC O632 (i), 6419 (d), 907a (b); and Public
<p> 12. 31 USC O10005 (f); 2 USC O632 (i), 6419 (d), 907a (b); and Public
Law 101-508, Title X999, sec. 13101.</p>
<p> 13. 10 USC sec. 2434/2461 9F.</p>
<p> 14. When the Pentagon expected the war to last months and oil prices to
<p> 13. 10 USC sec. 2434/2461 9F.</p>
<p> 14. When the Pentagon expected the war to last months and oil prices to
skyrocket, it projected the incremental cost of deploying and
redeploying the forces and waging war at about $70 billion. The
administration sought and received $56 billion in pledges from allies
@ -659,13 +660,13 @@ estimates of casualties and the war's duration were highly inflated,
today their budget estimates remain at around $70 billion even though
the Congressional Budget office estimates that cost at only $40
billion, $16 billion less than allied pledges.</p>
<p> 15. Michael Kamish, "After The War: At Home, An Unconquered Recession,"
<p> 15. Michael Kamish, "After The War: At Home, An Unconquered Recession,"
"Boston Globe," March 6, 1991; Peter Passell, "The Big Spoils From a
Bargain War," "New York Times," March 3, 1991; and Alan Abelson, "A
War Dividend For The Defense Industry?" "Barron's," March 18, 1991.</p>
<p> 16. Lawrence Korb, "The Pentagon's Creative Budgetry Is Out of Line,"
<p> 16. Lawrence Korb, "The Pentagon's Creative Budgetry Is Out of Line,"
"International Herald Tribune," April 5, 199l.</p>
<p> 17. Many of the powers against aliens are automatically invoked during a
<p> 17. Many of the powers against aliens are automatically invoked during a
national emergency or state of war. Under the Alien Enemies Act (50
USC sec. 21), the President can issue an order to apprehend, restrain,
secure and remove all subjects of a hostile nation over 13 years old.
@ -676,17 +677,17 @@ classes of aliens from entry into the U.S. when their entry may be
"detrimental to the interests of the United States" (8 USC sec. 1182(f));
imposition of travel restrictions on aliens within the U.S. (8 USC sec.
1185); and requiring aliens to be fingerprinted (8 USC sec. 1302).</p>
<p> 18. Ann Talamas, "FBI Targets Arab-Americans," "CAIB," Spring 1991, p. 4.</p>
<p> 19. "Anti-Repression Project Bulletin" (New York: Center for
<p> 18. Ann Talamas, "FBI Targets Arab-Americans," "CAIB," Spring 1991, p. 4.</p>
<p> 19. "Anti-Repression Project Bulletin" (New York: Center for
Constitutional Rights), January 23, 1991.</p>
<p> 20. James DeParle, "Long Series of Military Decisions Led to Gulf War News
<p> 20. James DeParle, "Long Series of Military Decisions Led to Gulf War News
Censorship," "New York Times," May 5, 1991.</p>
<p> 21. James LeMoyne, "A Correspondent's Tale: Pentagon's Strategy for the
<p> 21. James LeMoyne, "A Correspondent's Tale: Pentagon's Strategy for the
Press: Good News or No News," "New York Times," February 17, 1991.</p>
<p>______________________________________________________________________________
<p>______________________________________________________________________________
Covert Action INFORMATION BULLETIN</p>
<p> Back Issues</p>
<p>No. 1 (July 1978): Agee on CIA; Cuban exile trial; consumer research-Jamaica.*
<p> Back Issues</p>
<p>No. 1 (July 1978): Agee on CIA; Cuban exile trial; consumer research-Jamaica.*
No. 2 (Oct. 1978): How CIA recruits diplomats; researching undercover
officers; double agent in CIA.*
No. 3 (Jan. 1979): CIA attacks CAIB; secret supp. to Army field manual;
@ -766,36 +767,36 @@ Officials; Special: Destabilizing Africa: Chad, Uganda, S. Africa,
Angola, Mozambique, Zaire; Haiti; Panama; Gulf War; COINTELPRO "art."
No. 37 (Summer 1990): Special: Gulf War: Media; U.N.; Libya; Iran;
Domestic costs; North Korea Next? Illegal Arms Deals.</p>
<p> * Available in Photocopy only</p>
<p> Subscriptions (4 issues/year) (check one)</p>
<p> ___$17 one year ___$32 two years U.S.
<p> * Available in Photocopy only</p>
<p> Subscriptions (4 issues/year) (check one)</p>
<p> ___$17 one year ___$32 two years U.S.
___$22 one year ___$42 two years Canada/Mexico
___$27 one year ___$52 two years Latin America/Europe
___$29 one year ___$56 two years Other
$5 per year addition charge for institutions</p>
<p> Books, etc.
<p> Books, etc.
$25 "Dirty Work II: The CIA in Africa," Ray, et al.
$10 "Deadly Deceits: 25 Years in CIA," McGehee
$8 "Secret Contenders: CIA and Cold War," Beck
$6.50 "White Paper/Whitewash," Agee/Poelchau
$10 "On The Run," Agee
$1 "No CIA" buttons (additionals $.50)</p>
<p> BACK ISSUES: Circle above, or list below. $6 per copy in U.S.
<p> BACK ISSUES: Circle above, or list below. $6 per copy in U.S.
Airmail: Canada/Mexico add $2; other countries add $4.</p>
<p> CAIB, P.O. Box 34583, Washington, DC 20043</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
<p> CAIB, P.O. Box 34583, Washington, DC 20043</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.</p>
<p>---------------------------------END:REF2---------------------------------</p>
<p>---------------------------------REF3:FEMA--------------------------------</p>
<p>Article 2132 of alt.activism:
<p>---------------------------------END:REF2---------------------------------</p>
<p>---------------------------------REF3:FEMA--------------------------------</p>
<p>Article 2132 of alt.activism:
Newsgroups: alt.activism
Subject: Plan to suspend the Constitution (1984; maybe 1991?)
Distribution: usa
Organization: Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
Lines: 72</p>
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
------------------------------------------------------------------
/** mideast.forum: 216.5 **/
** Written 8:11 pm Jan 17, 1991 by nlgclc in cdp:mideast.forum **
@ -807,10 +808,10 @@ Bradlee Jr.(Donald I. fine, $21.95. 573 pp.)
Reviewed by Dennis M. Culnan Copyright 1990, Gannett News Service All
Rights Reserved Short excerpt posted here under applicable copyright
laws</p>
<p>[Oliver] North managed to network himself into the highest levels of
<p>[Oliver] North managed to network himself into the highest levels of
the CIA and power centers around the world. There he lied and
boastfully ignored the constitutional process, Bradlee writes.</p>
<p>Yet more terrifying is the plan hatched by North and other Reagan
<p>Yet more terrifying is the plan hatched by North and other Reagan
people in the Federal Emergency Manpower Agency (FEMA): A blueprint
for the military takeover of the United States. The plan called for
FEMA to become "emergency czar'' in the event of a national emergency
@ -820,33 +821,33 @@ civilian agencies, and would have broad powers to appoint military
commanders and run state and local governments. Finally, it would
have the authority to order suspect aliens into concentration camps
and seize their property.</p>
<p>When then-Attorney General William French Smith got wind of the plan,
<p>When then-Attorney General William French Smith got wind of the plan,
he killed it. After Smith left the administration, North and his FEMA
cronies came up with the Defense Resource Act, designed to suspendend
the First Amendment by imposing censorship and banning strikes.</p>
<p>Where was it all heading? The book's answer: "REX-84 Bravo, a
<p>Where was it all heading? The book's answer: "REX-84 Bravo, a
National Security Decision Directive 52 that would become operative
with the president's declaration of a state of national emergency
concurrent with a mythical U.S. military invasion of an unspecified
Central American country, presumably Nicaragua.''</p>
<p>Bradlee writes that the Rex exercise was designed to test FEMA's
<p>Bradlee writes that the Rex exercise was designed to test FEMA's
readiness to assume authority over the Department of Defense, the
National Guard in all 50 states, and "a number of state defense
forces to be established by state legislatures.'' The military would
then be "deputized,'' thus making an end run around federal law
forbidding military involvement in domestic law enforcement.</p>
<p>Rex, which ran concurrently with the first annual U.S. show of force
<p>Rex, which ran concurrently with the first annual U.S. show of force
in Honduras in April 1984, was also designed to test FEMA's ability to
round up 400000 undocumented Central American aliens in the United
States and its ability to distribute hundreds of tons of small arms to
"state defense forces.''</p>
<p>Incredibly, REX 84 was similar to a plan secretly adopted by Reagan
<p>Incredibly, REX 84 was similar to a plan secretly adopted by Reagan
while governor of California. His two top henchmen then were Edwin
Meese, who recently resigned as U.S. attorney general, and Louis
Guiffrida, the FEMA director in 1984.</p>
<p>If the review makes you nervous, you should read the book!</p>
<p>--Chip Berlet ** End of text from cdp:mideast.forum **</p>
<p>--------------------------------END:REF3-----------------------------------
<p>If the review makes you nervous, you should read the book!</p>
<p>--Chip Berlet ** End of text from cdp:mideast.forum **</p>
<p>--------------------------------END:REF3-----------------------------------
###########################################################################
--------------------------------REF4:FEMA----------------------------------
Article 2231 of alt.activism:
@ -854,7 +855,7 @@ Newsgroups: alt.activism,alt.conspiracy
Subject: WILL GULF WAR LEAD TO REPRESSION AT HOME? (_Guardian_ article)
Organization: Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
Lines: 188</p>
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
------------------------------------------------------------------
This is the front-page article of the Jan. 16 issue of "The
Guardian," which describes some of the U.S. government's planning
@ -862,83 +863,83 @@ for martial law in the event of the Gulf war. This is truly a
scary scenario that should concern all civil libertarians and
patriots.
------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> WILL GULF WAR LEAD TO REPRESSION AT HOME?
<p> WILL GULF WAR LEAD TO REPRESSION AT HOME?
by Paul DeRienzo and Bill Weinberg</p>
<p>On August 2, 1990, as Saddam Hussein's army was consolidating control
<p>On August 2, 1990, as Saddam Hussein's army was consolidating control
over Kuwait, President George Bush responded by signing two executive
orders that were the first step toward martial law in the United
States and suspending the Constitution.</p>
<p>On the surface, Executive Orders 12722 and 12723, declaring a
<p>On the surface, Executive Orders 12722 and 12723, declaring a
"national emergency," merely invoked laws that allowed Bush to freeze
Iraqi assets in the United States.</p>
<p>The International Emergency Executive Powers Act permits the president
<p>The International Emergency Executive Powers Act permits the president
to freeze foreign assets after declaring a "national emergency," a
move that has been made three times before -- against Panama in 1987,
Nicaragua in 1985 and Iran in 1979.</p>
<p>According to Professor Diana Reynolds, of the Fletcher School of
<p>According to Professor Diana Reynolds, of the Fletcher School of
Diplomacy at Boston's Tufts University, when Bush declared a national
emergency he "activated one part of a contingency national security
emergency plan." That plan is made up of a series of laws passed since
the presidency of Richard Nixon, which Reynolds says give the
president "boundless" powers.</p>
<p>According to Reynolds, such laws as the Defense Industrial
<p>According to Reynolds, such laws as the Defense Industrial
Revitalization and Disaster Relief Acts of 1983 "would permit the
president to do anything from seizing the means of production, to
conscripting a labor force, to relocating groups of citizens."</p>
<p>Reynolds says the net effect of invoking these laws would be the
<p>Reynolds says the net effect of invoking these laws would be the
suspension of the Constitution.</p>
<p>She adds that national emergency powers "permit the stationing of the
<p>She adds that national emergency powers "permit the stationing of the
military in cities and towns, closing off the U.S. borders, freezing
all imports and exports, allocating all resources on a national
security priority, monitoring and censoring the press, and warrantless
searches and seizures."</p>
<p>The measures would allow military authorities to proclaim martial law
<p>The measures would allow military authorities to proclaim martial law
in the United States, asserts Reynolds. She defines martial law as the
"federal authority taking over for local authority when they are
unable to maintain law and order or to assure a republican form of
government."</p>
<p>A report called "Post Attack Recovery Strategies," about rebuilding
<p>A report called "Post Attack Recovery Strategies," about rebuilding
the country after a nuclear war, prepared by the right-wing Hudson
Institute in 1980, defines martial law as dealing "with the control of
civilians by their own military forces in time of emergency."</p>
<p>The federal agency with the authority to organize and command the
<p>The federal agency with the authority to organize and command the
government's response to a national emergency is the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA). This super-secret and elite agency was
formed in 1979 under congressional measures that merged all federal
powers dealing with civilian and military emergencies under one
agency.</p>
<p>FEMA has its roots in the World War I partnership between government
<p>FEMA has its roots in the World War I partnership between government
and corporate leaders who helped mobilize the nation's industries to
support the war effort. The idea of a central national response to
large-scale emergencies was reintroduced in the early 1970s by Louis
Giuffrida, a close associate of then-California Gov. Ronald Reagan and
his chief aide Edwin Meese.</p>
<p>Reagan appointed Giuffrida head of the California National Guard in
<p>Reagan appointed Giuffrida head of the California National Guard in
1969. With Meese, Giuffrida organized "war-games" to prepare for
"statewide martial law" in the event that Black nationalists and
anti-war protesters "challenged the authority of the state." In 1981,
Reagan as president moved Giuffrida up to the big leagues, appointing
him director of FEMA.</p>
<p>According to Reynolds, however, it was the actions of George Bush in
<p>According to Reynolds, however, it was the actions of George Bush in
1976, while he was the director of the Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA), that provided the stimulus for centralization of vast powers in
FEMA.</p>
<p>Bush assembled a group of hawkish outsiders, called Team B, that
<p>Bush assembled a group of hawkish outsiders, called Team B, that
released a report claiming the CIA ("Team A") had underestimated the
dangers of Soviet nuclear attack. The report advised the development
of elaborate plans for "civil defense" and post-nuclear government.
Three years later, in 1979, FEMA was given ultimate responsibility for
developing these plans.</p>
<p>Aware of the bad publicity FEMA was getting because of its role in
<p>Aware of the bad publicity FEMA was getting because of its role in
organizing for a post-nuclear world, Reagan's FEMA chief Giuffrida
publicly argued that the 1865 Posse Comitatus Act prohibited the
military from arresting civilians.</p>
<p>However, Reynolds says that Congress eroded the act by giving the
<p>However, Reynolds says that Congress eroded the act by giving the
military reserves an exemption from Posse Comitatus and allowing them
to arrest civilians. The National Guard, under the control of state
governors in peace time, is also exempt from the act and can arrest
civilians.</p>
<p>FEMA Inspector General John Brinkerhoff has written a memo contending
<p>FEMA Inspector General John Brinkerhoff has written a memo contending
that the government doesn't need to suspend the Constitution to use
the full range of powers Congress has given the agency. FEMA has
prepared legislation to be introduced in Congress in the event of a
@ -946,35 +947,35 @@ national emergency that would give the agency sweeping powers. The
right to "deputize" National Guard and police forces is included in
the package. But Reynolds believes that actual martial law need not be
declared publicly.</p>
<p>Giuffrida has written that "Martial Rule comes into existence upon a
<p>Giuffrida has written that "Martial Rule comes into existence upon a
determination (not a declaration) by the senior military commander
that the civil government must be replaced because it is no longer
functioning anyway." He adds that "Martial Rule is limited only by the
principle of necessary force."</p>
<p>According to Reynolds, it is possible for the president to make
<p>According to Reynolds, it is possible for the president to make
declarations concerning a national emergency secretly in the form of a
Natioanl Security Decision Directive. Most such directives are
classified as so secret that Reynolds says "researchers don't even
know how many are enacted."</p>
<p>DOMESTIC SPYING</p>
<p>Throughout the 1980s, FEMA was prohibited from engaging in
<p>DOMESTIC SPYING</p>
<p>Throughout the 1980s, FEMA was prohibited from engaging in
intelligence gathering. But on July 6, 1989, Bush signed Executive
Order 12681, pronouncing that FEMA's National Preparedness Directorate
would "have as a primary function intelligence, counterintelligence,
investigative, or national security work." Recent events indicate that
domestic spying in response to the looming Middle East war is now
under way.</p>
<p>Reynolds reports that "the CIA is going to various campuses asking for
<p>Reynolds reports that "the CIA is going to various campuses asking for
information on Middle Eastern students. I'm sure that there are
intelligence organizations monitoring peace demonstrations."
According to the University of Connecticut student paper, the Daily
Campus, CIA officials have recently met there to discuss talking with
Middle Eastern students.</p>
<p>The New York Times reports that the FBI has ordered its agents around
<p>The New York Times reports that the FBI has ordered its agents around
the country to question Arab-American leaders and business people in
search of information on potential Iraqi "terrorist" attacks in
response to a Gulf war.</p>
<p>A 1986 Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) document entitled
<p>A 1986 Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) document entitled
"Alien Terrorists and Other Undesirables: A Contingency Plan" outlines
the potential round-up and incarceration in mass detainment camps of
U.S. residents who are citizens of "terrorist" countries, chiefly in
@ -985,22 +986,22 @@ refugees in the event of a U.S. invasion of the region. One of the 10
military bases established as detainment camps by REX-84 ALPHA, Camp
Krome, Fla., was designated a joint FEMA-Immigration service
interrogation center.</p>
<p>Recently, FEMA has been criticized in the media for inadequate
<p>Recently, FEMA has been criticized in the media for inadequate
response to the October, 1989 San Francisco earthquake. What the
mainstream press has failed to cover is the agency's planned role in
repressing domestic dissent in the event of an invasion abroad.</p>
<p>Source: The Guardian, Jan 16 1991</p>
<p> The Guardian is an independent radical news weekly. Subscriptions are
<p>Source: The Guardian, Jan 16 1991</p>
<p> The Guardian is an independent radical news weekly. Subscriptions are
available at $33.50 per year from The Guardian, 33 West 17th St., New
York, NY 10011</p>
<p> Origin:Socialism_On_Line 203-274-4639</p>
<p> from the Radical_Politics conference on
<p> Origin:Socialism_On_Line 203-274-4639</p>
<p> from the Radical_Politics conference on
The NY Transfer BBS 718-448-2358 &amp; 718-448-2683</p>
<p>** End of text from cdp:mideast.forum **</p>
<p>----------------------------END:REF4------------------------------------
<p>** End of text from cdp:mideast.forum **</p>
<p>----------------------------END:REF4------------------------------------
########################################################################
----------------------------REF5:NSDD 145-------------------------------</p>
<p>DATE OF UPLOAD: November 17, 1989
<p>DATE OF UPLOAD: November 17, 1989
ORIGIN OF UPLOAD: Omni Magazine
CONTRIBUTED BY: Donald Goldberg
========================================================
@ -1011,12 +1012,12 @@ ParaNet felt it important as an offering to our readers who
depend so much upon communications as a way to stay informed.
This article raises some interesting implications for the future
of communications.</p>
<p>THE NATIONAL GUARDS
<p>THE NATIONAL GUARDS
(C) 1987 OMNI MAGAZINE MAY 1987
(Reprinted with permission and license to ParaNet Information
Service and its affiliates.)</p>
<p>By Donald Goldberg</p>
<p> The mountains bend as the fjord and the sea beyond stretch
<p>By Donald Goldberg</p>
<p> The mountains bend as the fjord and the sea beyond stretch
out before the viewer's eyes. First over the water, then a sharp
left turn, then a bank to the right between the peaks, and the
secret naval base unfolds upon the screen.
@ -1072,7 +1073,7 @@ Defense (DoD) officials have quietly implemented a number of
policies, decisions, and orders that give the military
unprecedented control over both the content and public use of
data and communications. For example:</p>
<p>**The Pentagon has created a new category of "sensitive" but
<p>**The Pentagon has created a new category of "sensitive" but
unclassified information that allows it to keep from public
access huge quantities of data that were once widely accessible.
**Defense Department officials have attempted to rewrite key laws
@ -1440,7 +1441,7 @@ mechanisms are already in place; and few barriers remain to
guarantee that what we hear, see, and read will come to us
courtesy of our being members of a free and open society and not
courtesy of the Pentagon.</p>
<p>---------------------------END FEMA SUMMARY----------------------
<p>---------------------------END FEMA SUMMARY----------------------
--
*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*@*
@ -1448,4 +1449,5 @@ The accountability of government has gone to the point where the very
use of the law is the instrument of illegality.
-- Ralph Nader @ Harvard Law School, 1/15/92
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

266
pre-src-xml/executiv.xml
View File

@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
SUBJECT: FEMA GULAG</p>
<p>
<p>
SECRET CONCENTRATION CAMPS
@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ to put Executive Orders into effect in "times of increased
international tension or financial crisis". He is also to
perform such additional functions as the President
may direct.</p>
<p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------
<p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Dangerous Fact Not Generally Known
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ AGAINST INVASION; AND ON APPLICATION OF THE LEGISLATURE, OR OF THE
EXECUTIVE (WHEN THE LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE CONVENED) AGAINST
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE." "REGIONAL GOVERNMENT IS NOT A REPRESENTATIVE
REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT!"</p>
<p> When Government gets out of hand and can no longer be controlled
<p> When Government gets out of hand and can no longer be controlled
by the people, short of violent overthrow as in 1776, there are
two sources of power which are used by the dictatorial government
to keep the people in line: the Police Power and the Power of the
@ -88,12 +89,12 @@ local Governments. These powers have been taken over, with the
permission of the Federal Legislature and the State Governments,
by the Executive Branch of the Federal Government and all attempts
to reclaim that lost power have been defeated.</p>
<p> Stated simply: the dictatorial power of the Executive rests primarily
<p> Stated simply: the dictatorial power of the Executive rests primarily
on three basis: Executive Order 11490, Executive Order 11647, and
the Planning, Programming, Budgeting System which is operated
through the new and all-powerful Office of Management and
Budget.</p>
<p> E. O. 11490 is a compilation of some 23 previous Executive Orders,
<p> E. O. 11490 is a compilation of some 23 previous Executive Orders,
signed by Nixon on Oct. 28, 1969, and outlining emergency functions
which are to be performed by some 28 Executive Departments and
Agencies whenever the President of the United States declares
@ -112,10 +113,10 @@ Branch can:
* Take over farms, ranches, timberized properties
* Regulate the amount of your own money you may withdraw from
your bank, or savings and loan institution</p>
<p> All of these and many more items are listed in 32 pages incorporating
<p> All of these and many more items are listed in 32 pages incorporating
nearly 200000 words, providing and absolute bureaucratic
dictatorship whenever the President gives the word.</p>
<p>--&gt; Executive Order 11647 provides the regional and local mechanisms
<p>--&gt; Executive Order 11647 provides the regional and local mechanisms
--&gt; and manpower for carrying out the provisions of E. O. 11490.
--&gt; Signed by Richard Nixon on Feb. 10, 1972, this Order sets up Ten
--&gt; Federal Regional Councils to govern Ten Federal Regions made up
@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ dictatorship whenever the President gives the word.</p>
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Don sez: </p>
<p>*Check out this book for the inside scoop on the "secret" Constitution.*
<p>*Check out this book for the inside scoop on the "secret" Constitution.*
SUBJECT: - "The Proposed Constitutional Model" Pages 595-621
Book Title - The Emerging Constitution
@ -133,9 +134,9 @@ Dewey Decimal - 342.73 T915E
ISBN - 0-06-128225-10
Note Chapter 14
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</p>
<p> The 10 Federal Regions
<p> The 10 Federal Regions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
<p> REGION I: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode
<p> REGION I: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, Vermont.
Regional Capitol: Boston
REGION II: New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, Virgin Island.
@ -159,63 +160,63 @@ REGION IX: Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada.
Regional Capitol: San Fransisco
REGION X: Alaska, Oregon, Washington, Idaho.
Regional Capitol: Seattle</p>
<p> Supplementing these Then Regions, each of the States is, or is to
<p> Supplementing these Then Regions, each of the States is, or is to
be, divided into subregions, so that Federal Executive control
is provided over every community.</p>
<p> Then, controlling the bedgeting and the programming at every
<p> Then, controlling the bedgeting and the programming at every
level is that politico-economic system known as PPBS.</p>
<p> The President need not wait for some emergency such as an impeachment
<p> The President need not wait for some emergency such as an impeachment
ouster. He can declare a National Emergency at any time, and freeze
everything, just as he has already frozen wages and prices. And
the Congress, and the States, are powerless to prevent such an
Executive Dictatorship, unless Congress moves to revoke these
extraordinary powers before the Chief Executive moves to invoke
them.</p>
<p> THESE EXECUTIVE ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE THE INTENT AND
<p> THESE EXECUTIVE ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE THE INTENT AND
PURPOSE OF ARTICLE 4 SECTION 3. THERE IS NO PROVISION IN THIS
SECTION OR THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES FOR FORMING A
REGIONAL STATE OUT OF A GROUP OF STATES! FURTHER, THESE EXECUTIVE
ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE THE 9TH AND 10TH
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION!</p>
<p> By Proclaiming and Putting Into Effect Executive Order No. 11490,
<p> By Proclaiming and Putting Into Effect Executive Order No. 11490,
the President would put the United States under TOTAL MARTIAL LAW
AND MILITARY DICTATORSHIP! The Guns Of The American People Would
Be Forcibly Taken!</p>
<p>--------------------------------END:REF1----------------------------------------
<p>--------------------------------END:REF1----------------------------------------
################################################################################
--------------------------------REF2:FEMA---------------------------------------</p>
<p>Newsgroups: misc.activism.progressive
<p>Newsgroups: misc.activism.progressive
Subject: 1988 National Emergencies Act--&gt; Consolidating the Imperial Executive
Followup-To: alt.activism.d
Lines: 691</p>
<p>&gt;Sender: Activists Mailing List <special>ACTIV-L@UMCVMB.BITNET</special>
<p>&gt;Sender: Activists Mailing List <special>ACTIV-L@UMCVMB.BITNET</special>
&gt;From: dave 'who can do? ratmandu!' ratcliffe
&gt; <special>dave@ratmandu.corp.sgi.com</special>
</p>
<p>Keywords: "To preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution, so help me God."
</p>
<p>Keywords: "To preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution, so help me God."
Lines: 696</p>
<p> Bushie-Tail used the Gulf War Show to greatly expand the powers of the
<p> Bushie-Tail used the Gulf War Show to greatly expand the powers of the
presidency. During this shell game event, the Executive Orders signed
into "law" continued Bushie's methodical and detailed program to bury
any residual traces of the constitutional rights and protections of U.S.
citizens. The Bill of Rights--[almost too late to] use 'em or lose 'em:</p>
<p> || The record of Bush's fast and loose approach to ||
<p> || The record of Bush's fast and loose approach to ||
|| constitutionally guaranteed civil rights is a history of ||
|| the erosion of liberty and the consolidation of an imperial ||
|| executive. ||</p>
<p> -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<p> -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From "Covert Action Information Bulletin," Number 37, Summer, 1991 (see
bottom 2 pages for subscription &amp; back issues info on this quarterly):</p>
<p> Domestic Consequences of the Gulf War
<p> Domestic Consequences of the Gulf War
Diana Reynolds
Reprinted with permission of CAIB. Copyright 1991</p>
<p> Diana Reynolds is a Research Associate at the Edward R. Murrow Center,
<p> Diana Reynolds is a Research Associate at the Edward R. Murrow Center,
Fletcher School for Public Policy, Tufts University. She is also an
Assistant Professor of Politics at Broadford College and a Lecturer at
Merrimack College.</p>
<p> A war, even the most victorious, is a national misfortune.
<p> A war, even the most victorious, is a national misfortune.
--Helmuth Von Moltke, Prussian field marshall</p>
<p> George Bush put the United States on the road to its second war in
<p> George Bush put the United States on the road to its second war in
two years by declaring a national emergency on August 21990. In
response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, Bush issued two Executive
Orders (12722 and 12723) which restricted trade and travel with Iraq
@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ budget agreement with Congress which had frozen defense spending, to
entrench further the U.S. economy in the mire of the military-industrial complex, to override environmental protection regulations,
and to make free enterprise and civil liberties conditional upon an
executive determination of national security interests.</p>
<p> The State of Emergency
<p> The State of Emergency
In time of war a president's power derives from both constitutional
and statutory sources. Under Article II, Section 2 of the
Constitution, he is Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. Although
@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ presidential emergency powers were apprehensive about the domestic
ramifications of any national emergency declared by George Bush. In
light of Bush's record (see "Bush Chips Away at Constitution" Box
below) and present performance, their fears appear well-founded.</p>
<p> The War at Home
<p> The War at Home
It is too early to know all of the emergency powers, executive
orders and findings issued under classified National Security
Directives[2] implemented by Bush in the name of the Gulf War. In
@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ in this six month period suggests an unusual amount of government
resources utilized to direct the national emergency state. In
contrast, government salaries for one year of the state of emergency
with Iran[4] cost only $430000.</p>
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
| Bush Chips Away at Constitution
| George Bush, perhaps more than any other individual in
U.S. history, has expanded the emergency powers of
@ -384,12 +385,12 @@ September 2, 1990; Bernard Weintraub, "Bush Considers
Calling Guard To Fight Drug Violence in Capital," "New
York Times," March 21, 1989.
--------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p>---Continued in FEMA pt 2 ------------------------------------------------
<p>---Continued in FEMA pt 2 ------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: alt.activism,alt.conspiracy
Subject: FEMA Summary Pt 2
Lines: 467</p>
<p>----FEMA pt 2 continued ----------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Even those Executive Orders which have been made public tend to
<p>----FEMA pt 2 continued ----------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Even those Executive Orders which have been made public tend to
raise as many questions as they answer about what actions were
considered and actually implemented. On January 8, 1991, Bush signed
Executive Order 12742, National Security Industrial Responsiveness,
@ -408,7 +409,7 @@ flow of energy in case of a prolonged engagement or disruption of
supply. Antitrust waivers were also being pursued and oil companies
were engaged in emergency preparedness exercises with the Department
of Energy.[5]</p>
<p> Wasting the Environment
<p> Wasting the Environment
In one case the use of secret powers was discovered by a watchdog
group and revealed in the press. In August 1990, correspondence
passed between Colin McMillan, Assistant Secretary of Defense for
@ -460,7 +461,7 @@ weapons. Bush signed the law, although he had rejected the identical
measure the year before because it did not give him the executive
power to waive all sanctions if he thought the national interest
required it.[11] The new bill, however, met Bush's requirements.</p>
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
<p> ____________________________________________________________________
| BUSH'S EXECUTIVE ORDERS
| * EO 12722 "Blocking Iraqi Government Property and
Prohibiting Transactions With Iraq," Aug. 2, 1990.
@ -497,7 +498,7 @@ Area," Feb. 14, 1991.
| * EO 12751 "Health Care Services for Operation Desert
Storm," Feb. 14, 1991.
--------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> Going Off Budget
<p> Going Off Budget
Although some of the powers which Bush assumed in order to conduct
the Gulf War were taken openly, they received little public discussion
or reporting by the media.
@ -508,15 +509,15 @@ Congress and the President one of the first U.S. casualties of the
war. While on one hand the deal froze arms spending through 1996, it
also allowed Bush to put the cost of the Gulf War "off budget." Thus,
using its emergency powers, the Bush administration could:</p>
<p> * incur a deficit which exceeds congressional budget authority;</p>
<p> * prevent Congress from raising a point of order over the
<p> * incur a deficit which exceeds congressional budget authority;</p>
<p> * prevent Congress from raising a point of order over the
excessive spending;[12]</p>
<p> * waive the requirement that the Secretary of Defense submit
<p> * waive the requirement that the Secretary of Defense submit
estimates to Congress prior to deployment of a major defense
acquisition system;</p>
<p> * and exempt the Pentagon from congressional restrictions on
<p> * and exempt the Pentagon from congressional restrictions on
hiring private contractors.[13]</p>
<p> While there is no published evidence on which powers Bush actually
<p> While there is no published evidence on which powers Bush actually
invoked, the administration was able to push through the 1990 Omnibus
Reconciliation Act. This legislation put a cap on domestic spending,
created a record $300 billion deficit, and undermined the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act intended to reduce the federal deficit. Although
@ -532,7 +533,7 @@ Tomahawk, Hellfire and HARM missiles from its regular budget to the
supplemental budget; added normal wear and tear of equipment to
supplemental appropriations; and made supplemental requests which
ignore a planned 25% reduction in the armed forces by 1995.[16]</p>
<p> The Cost In Liberty Lost
<p> The Cost In Liberty Lost
Under emergency circumstances, using 50 USC sec. 1811, the
President could direct the Attorney General to authorize electronic
surveillance of aliens and American citizens in order to obtain
@ -553,7 +554,7 @@ East and explained that the Agency intended to open a file on each of
the students. Anti-war groups have also reported several break-ins of
their offices and many suspected electronic surveillance of their
telephones.[19]</p>
<p> Pool of Disinformation
<p> Pool of Disinformation
Emergency powers to control the means of communications in the U.S.
in the name of national security were never formally declared. There
was no need for Bush to do so since most of the media voluntarily and
@ -581,7 +582,7 @@ until after the war ended. It was then dismissed when the judge ruled
that since the war had ended, the issues raised had become moot. The
legal status of the restrictions--initially tested during the U.S.
invasions of Grenada and Panama--remains unsettled.</p>
<p> A National Misfortune
<p> A National Misfortune
It will be years before researchers and journalists are able to
ferret through the maze of government documents and give a full
appraisal of the impact of the President's emergency powers on
@ -600,10 +601,10 @@ U.S. assists Kuwait in cleaning up its environmental disaster, it will
increase pollution at home. Indeed, as the long-dead Prussian field
marshal prophesied, "a war, even the most victorious, is a national
misfortune."</p>
<p> FOOTNOTES:</p>
<p> 1. The administrative guideline was established under Reagan in Executive
<p> FOOTNOTES:</p>
<p> 1. The administrative guideline was established under Reagan in Executive
Order 12656, November 181988, "Federal Register," vol. 23, no. 266.</p>
<p> 2. For instance, National Security Council policy papers or National
<p> 2. For instance, National Security Council policy papers or National
Security Directives (NSD) or National Security Decision Directives
(NSDD) have today evolved into a network of shadowy, wide-ranging and
potent executive powers. These are secret instruments, maintained in
@ -612,29 +613,29 @@ an excellent discussion see: Harold C. Relyea, The Coming of Secret
Law, "Government Information Quarterly," Vol. 5, November 1988; see
also: Eve Pell, "The Backbone of Hidden Government," "The Nation,"
June 191990.</p>
<p> 3. "Letter to Congressional Leaders Reporting on the National Emergency
<p> 3. "Letter to Congressional Leaders Reporting on the National Emergency
With Respect to Iraq," February, 11, 1991, "Weekly Compilation of
Presidential Documents: Administration of George Bush," (Washington,
DC: U.S. Government Printing Office), pp. 158-61.</p>
<p> 4. The U.S. now has states of emergency with Iran, Iraq and Syria.</p>
<p> 5. Allanna Sullivan, "U.S. Oil Concerns Confident Of Riding Out Short Gulf
<p> 4. The U.S. now has states of emergency with Iran, Iraq and Syria.</p>
<p> 5. Allanna Sullivan, "U.S. Oil Concerns Confident Of Riding Out Short Gulf
War," "Wall Street Journal Europe," January 7, 1991.</p>
<p> 6. Colin McMillan, Letter to Michael Deland, Chairman, Council on
<p> 6. Colin McMillan, Letter to Michael Deland, Chairman, Council on
Environmental Quality (Washington, DC: Executive Office of the
President), August 24, 1990; Michael R. Deland, Letter to Colin
McMillan, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Production and Logistics
(Washington, DC: Department of Defense), August 291990.</p>
<p> 7. Keith Schneider, "Pentagon Wins Waiver Of Environmental Rule," "New York
<p> 7. Keith Schneider, "Pentagon Wins Waiver Of Environmental Rule," "New York
Times," January 30, 1991.</p>
<p> 8. 33 U.S. Code (USC) sec. 1902 9(b).</p>
<p> 9. 33 USC sec. 2503 l(b).</p>
<p> 10. 50 USC sec. 1521(b) (3)(A).</p>
<p> ll. Adam Clymer, "New Bill Mandates Sanctions On Makers of Chemical Arms,"
<p> 8. 33 U.S. Code (USC) sec. 1902 9(b).</p>
<p> 9. 33 USC sec. 2503 l(b).</p>
<p> 10. 50 USC sec. 1521(b) (3)(A).</p>
<p> ll. Adam Clymer, "New Bill Mandates Sanctions On Makers of Chemical Arms,"
"New York Times," February 22, 1991.</p>
<p> 12. 31 USC O10005 (f); 2 USC O632 (i), 6419 (d), 907a (b); and Public
<p> 12. 31 USC O10005 (f); 2 USC O632 (i), 6419 (d), 907a (b); and Public
Law 101-508, Title X999, sec. 13101.</p>
<p> 13. 10 USC sec. 2434/2461 9F.</p>
<p> 14. When the Pentagon expected the war to last months and oil prices to
<p> 13. 10 USC sec. 2434/2461 9F.</p>
<p> 14. When the Pentagon expected the war to last months and oil prices to
skyrocket, it projected the incremental cost of deploying and
redeploying the forces and waging war at about $70 billion. The
administration sought and received $56 billion in pledges from allies
@ -643,13 +644,13 @@ estimates of casualties and the war's duration were highly inflated,
today their budget estimates remain at around $70 billion even though
the Congressional Budget office estimates that cost at only $40
billion, $16 billion less than allied pledges.</p>
<p> 15. Michael Kamish, "After The War: At Home, An Unconquered Recession,"
<p> 15. Michael Kamish, "After The War: At Home, An Unconquered Recession,"
"Boston Globe," March 6, 1991; Peter Passell, "The Big Spoils From a
Bargain War," "New York Times," March 3, 1991; and Alan Abelson, "A
War Dividend For The Defense Industry?" "Barron's," March 18, 1991.</p>
<p> 16. Lawrence Korb, "The Pentagon's Creative Budgetry Is Out of Line,"
<p> 16. Lawrence Korb, "The Pentagon's Creative Budgetry Is Out of Line,"
"International Herald Tribune," April 5, 199l.</p>
<p> 17. Many of the powers against aliens are automatically invoked during a
<p> 17. Many of the powers against aliens are automatically invoked during a
national emergency or state of war. Under the Alien Enemies Act (50
USC sec. 21), the President can issue an order to apprehend, restrain,
secure and remove all subjects of a hostile nation over 13 years old.
@ -660,17 +661,17 @@ classes of aliens from entry into the U.S. when their entry may be
"detrimental to the interests of the United States" (8 USC sec. 1182(f));
imposition of travel restrictions on aliens within the U.S. (8 USC sec.
1185); and requiring aliens to be fingerprinted (8 USC sec. 1302).</p>
<p> 18. Ann Talamas, "FBI Targets Arab-Americans," "CAIB," Spring 1991, p. 4.</p>
<p> 19. "Anti-Repression Project Bulletin" (New York: Center for
<p> 18. Ann Talamas, "FBI Targets Arab-Americans," "CAIB," Spring 1991, p. 4.</p>
<p> 19. "Anti-Repression Project Bulletin" (New York: Center for
Constitutional Rights), January 23, 1991.</p>
<p> 20. James DeParle, "Long Series of Military Decisions Led to Gulf War News
<p> 20. James DeParle, "Long Series of Military Decisions Led to Gulf War News
Censorship," "New York Times," May 5, 1991.</p>
<p> 21. James LeMoyne, "A Correspondent's Tale: Pentagon's Strategy for the
<p> 21. James LeMoyne, "A Correspondent's Tale: Pentagon's Strategy for the
Press: Good News or No News," "New York Times," February 17, 1991.</p>
<p>______________________________________________________________________________
<p>______________________________________________________________________________
Covert Action INFORMATION BULLETIN</p>
<p> Back Issues</p>
<p>No. 1 (July 1978): Agee on CIA; Cuban exile trial; consumer research-Jamaica.*
<p> Back Issues</p>
<p>No. 1 (July 1978): Agee on CIA; Cuban exile trial; consumer research-Jamaica.*
No. 2 (Oct. 1978): How CIA recruits diplomats; researching undercover
officers; double agent in CIA.*
No. 3 (Jan. 1979): CIA attacks CAIB; secret supp. to Army field manual;
@ -750,36 +751,36 @@ Officials; Special: Destabilizing Africa: Chad, Uganda, S. Africa,
Angola, Mozambique, Zaire; Haiti; Panama; Gulf War; COINTELPRO "art."
No. 37 (Summer 1990): Special: Gulf War: Media; U.N.; Libya; Iran;
Domestic costs; North Korea Next? Illegal Arms Deals.</p>
<p> * Available in Photocopy only</p>
<p> Subscriptions (4 issues/year) (check one)</p>
<p> ___$17 one year ___$32 two years U.S.
<p> * Available in Photocopy only</p>
<p> Subscriptions (4 issues/year) (check one)</p>
<p> ___$17 one year ___$32 two years U.S.
___$22 one year ___$42 two years Canada/Mexico
___$27 one year ___$52 two years Latin America/Europe
___$29 one year ___$56 two years Other
$5 per year addition charge for institutions</p>
<p> Books, etc.
<p> Books, etc.
$25 "Dirty Work II: The CIA in Africa," Ray, et al.
$10 "Deadly Deceits: 25 Years in CIA," McGehee
$8 "Secret Contenders: CIA and Cold War," Beck
$6.50 "White Paper/Whitewash," Agee/Poelchau
$10 "On The Run," Agee
$1 "No CIA" buttons (additionals $.50)</p>
<p> BACK ISSUES: Circle above, or list below. $6 per copy in U.S.
<p> BACK ISSUES: Circle above, or list below. $6 per copy in U.S.
Airmail: Canada/Mexico add $2; other countries add $4.</p>
<p> CAIB, P.O. Box 34583, Washington, DC 20043</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
<p> CAIB, P.O. Box 34583, Washington, DC 20043</p>
<p> KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p> ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.</p>
<p>---------------------------------END:REF2---------------------------------</p>
<p>---------------------------------REF3:FEMA--------------------------------</p>
<p>Article 2132 of alt.activism:
<p>---------------------------------END:REF2---------------------------------</p>
<p>---------------------------------REF3:FEMA--------------------------------</p>
<p>Article 2132 of alt.activism:
Newsgroups: alt.activism
Subject: Plan to suspend the Constitution (1984; maybe 1991?)
Distribution: usa
Organization: Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
Lines: 72</p>
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
------------------------------------------------------------------
/** mideast.forum: 216.5 **/
** Written 8:11 pm Jan 17, 1991 by nlgclc in cdp:mideast.forum **
@ -791,10 +792,10 @@ Bradlee Jr.(Donald I. fine, $21.95. 573 pp.)
Reviewed by Dennis M. Culnan Copyright 1990, Gannett News Service All
Rights Reserved Short excerpt posted here under applicable copyright
laws</p>
<p>[Oliver] North managed to network himself into the highest levels of
<p>[Oliver] North managed to network himself into the highest levels of
the CIA and power centers around the world. There he lied and
boastfully ignored the constitutional process, Bradlee writes.</p>
<p>Yet more terrifying is the plan hatched by North and other Reagan
<p>Yet more terrifying is the plan hatched by North and other Reagan
people in the Federal Emergency Manpower Agency (FEMA): A blueprint
for the military takeover of the United States. The plan called for
FEMA to become "emergency czar'' in the event of a national emergency
@ -804,33 +805,33 @@ civilian agencies, and would have broad powers to appoint military
commanders and run state and local governments. Finally, it would
have the authority to order suspect aliens into concentration camps
and seize their property.</p>
<p>When then-Attorney General William French Smith got wind of the plan,
<p>When then-Attorney General William French Smith got wind of the plan,
he killed it. After Smith left the administration, North and his FEMA
cronies came up with the Defense Resource Act, designed to suspendend
the First Amendment by imposing censorship and banning strikes.</p>
<p>Where was it all heading? The book's answer: "REX-84 Bravo, a
<p>Where was it all heading? The book's answer: "REX-84 Bravo, a
National Security Decision Directive 52 that would become operative
with the president's declaration of a state of national emergency
concurrent with a mythical U.S. military invasion of an unspecified
Central American country, presumably Nicaragua.''</p>
<p>Bradlee writes that the Rex exercise was designed to test FEMA's
<p>Bradlee writes that the Rex exercise was designed to test FEMA's
readiness to assume authority over the Department of Defense, the
National Guard in all 50 states, and "a number of state defense
forces to be established by state legislatures.'' The military would
then be "deputized,'' thus making an end run around federal law
forbidding military involvement in domestic law enforcement.</p>
<p>Rex, which ran concurrently with the first annual U.S. show of force
<p>Rex, which ran concurrently with the first annual U.S. show of force
in Honduras in April 1984, was also designed to test FEMA's ability to
round up 400000 undocumented Central American aliens in the United
States and its ability to distribute hundreds of tons of small arms to
"state defense forces.''</p>
<p>Incredibly, REX 84 was similar to a plan secretly adopted by Reagan
<p>Incredibly, REX 84 was similar to a plan secretly adopted by Reagan
while governor of California. His two top henchmen then were Edwin
Meese, who recently resigned as U.S. attorney general, and Louis
Guiffrida, the FEMA director in 1984.</p>
<p>If the review makes you nervous, you should read the book!</p>
<p>--Chip Berlet ** End of text from cdp:mideast.forum **</p>
<p>--------------------------------END:REF3-----------------------------------
<p>If the review makes you nervous, you should read the book!</p>
<p>--Chip Berlet ** End of text from cdp:mideast.forum **</p>
<p>--------------------------------END:REF3-----------------------------------
###########################################################################
--------------------------------REF4:FEMA----------------------------------
Article 2231 of alt.activism:
@ -838,7 +839,7 @@ Newsgroups: alt.activism,alt.conspiracy
Subject: WILL GULF WAR LEAD TO REPRESSION AT HOME? (_Guardian_ article)
Organization: Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
Lines: 188</p>
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
------------------------------------------------------------------
This is the front-page article of the Jan. 16 issue of "The
Guardian," which describes some of the U.S. government's planning
@ -846,83 +847,83 @@ for martial law in the event of the Gulf war. This is truly a
scary scenario that should concern all civil libertarians and
patriots.
------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p> WILL GULF WAR LEAD TO REPRESSION AT HOME?
<p> WILL GULF WAR LEAD TO REPRESSION AT HOME?
by Paul DeRienzo and Bill Weinberg</p>
<p>On August 2, 1990, as Saddam Hussein's army was consolidating control
<p>On August 2, 1990, as Saddam Hussein's army was consolidating control
over Kuwait, President George Bush responded by signing two executive
orders that were the first step toward martial law in the United
States and suspending the Constitution.</p>
<p>On the surface, Executive Orders 12722 and 12723, declaring a
<p>On the surface, Executive Orders 12722 and 12723, declaring a
"national emergency," merely invoked laws that allowed Bush to freeze
Iraqi assets in the United States.</p>
<p>The International Emergency Executive Powers Act permits the president
<p>The International Emergency Executive Powers Act permits the president
to freeze foreign assets after declaring a "national emergency," a
move that has been made three times before -- against Panama in 1987,
Nicaragua in 1985 and Iran in 1979.</p>
<p>According to Professor Diana Reynolds, of the Fletcher School of
<p>According to Professor Diana Reynolds, of the Fletcher School of
Diplomacy at Boston's Tufts University, when Bush declared a national
emergency he "activated one part of a contingency national security
emergency plan." That plan is made up of a series of laws passed since
the presidency of Richard Nixon, which Reynolds says give the
president "boundless" powers.</p>
<p>According to Reynolds, such laws as the Defense Industrial
<p>According to Reynolds, such laws as the Defense Industrial
Revitalization and Disaster Relief Acts of 1983 "would permit the
president to do anything from seizing the means of production, to
conscripting a labor force, to relocating groups of citizens."</p>
<p>Reynolds says the net effect of invoking these laws would be the
<p>Reynolds says the net effect of invoking these laws would be the
suspension of the Constitution.</p>
<p>She adds that national emergency powers "permit the stationing of the
<p>She adds that national emergency powers "permit the stationing of the
military in cities and towns, closing off the U.S. borders, freezing
all imports and exports, allocating all resources on a national
security priority, monitoring and censoring the press, and warrantless
searches and seizures."</p>
<p>The measures would allow military authorities to proclaim martial law
<p>The measures would allow military authorities to proclaim martial law
in the United States, asserts Reynolds. She defines martial law as the
"federal authority taking over for local authority when they are
unable to maintain law and order or to assure a republican form of
government."</p>
<p>A report called "Post Attack Recovery Strategies," about rebuilding
<p>A report called "Post Attack Recovery Strategies," about rebuilding
the country after a nuclear war, prepared by the right-wing Hudson
Institute in 1980, defines martial law as dealing "with the control of
civilians by their own military forces in time of emergency."</p>
<p>The federal agency with the authority to organize and command the
<p>The federal agency with the authority to organize and command the
government's response to a national emergency is the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA). This super-secret and elite agency was
formed in 1979 under congressional measures that merged all federal
powers dealing with civilian and military emergencies under one
agency.</p>
<p>FEMA has its roots in the World War I partnership between government
<p>FEMA has its roots in the World War I partnership between government
and corporate leaders who helped mobilize the nation's industries to
support the war effort. The idea of a central national response to
large-scale emergencies was reintroduced in the early 1970s by Louis
Giuffrida, a close associate of then-California Gov. Ronald Reagan and
his chief aide Edwin Meese.</p>
<p>Reagan appointed Giuffrida head of the California National Guard in
<p>Reagan appointed Giuffrida head of the California National Guard in
1969. With Meese, Giuffrida organized "war-games" to prepare for
"statewide martial law" in the event that Black nationalists and
anti-war protesters "challenged the authority of the state." In 1981,
Reagan as president moved Giuffrida up to the big leagues, appointing
him director of FEMA.</p>
<p>According to Reynolds, however, it was the actions of George Bush in
<p>According to Reynolds, however, it was the actions of George Bush in
1976, while he was the director of the Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA), that provided the stimulus for centralization of vast powers in
FEMA.</p>
<p>Bush assembled a group of hawkish outsiders, called Team B, that
<p>Bush assembled a group of hawkish outsiders, called Team B, that
released a report claiming the CIA ("Team A") had underestimated the
dangers of Soviet nuclear attack. The report advised the development
of elaborate plans for "civil defense" and post-nuclear government.
Three years later, in 1979, FEMA was given ultimate responsibility for
developing these plans.</p>
<p>Aware of the bad publicity FEMA was getting because of its role in
<p>Aware of the bad publicity FEMA was getting because of its role in
organizing for a post-nuclear world, Reagan's FEMA chief Giuffrida
publicly argued that the 1865 Posse Comitatus Act prohibited the
military from arresting civilians.</p>
<p>However, Reynolds says that Congress eroded the act by giving the
<p>However, Reynolds says that Congress eroded the act by giving the
military reserves an exemption from Posse Comitatus and allowing them
to arrest civilians. The National Guard, under the control of state
governors in peace time, is also exempt from the act and can arrest
civilians.</p>
<p>FEMA Inspector General John Brinkerhoff has written a memo contending
<p>FEMA Inspector General John Brinkerhoff has written a memo contending
that the government doesn't need to suspend the Constitution to use
the full range of powers Congress has given the agency. FEMA has
prepared legislation to be introduced in Congress in the event of a
@ -930,35 +931,35 @@ national emergency that would give the agency sweeping powers. The
right to "deputize" National Guard and police forces is included in
the package. But Reynolds believes that actual martial law need not be
declared publicly.</p>
<p>Giuffrida has written that "Martial Rule comes into existence upon a
<p>Giuffrida has written that "Martial Rule comes into existence upon a
determination (not a declaration) by the senior military commander
that the civil government must be replaced because it is no longer
functioning anyway." He adds that "Martial Rule is limited only by the
principle of necessary force."</p>
<p>According to Reynolds, it is possible for the president to make
<p>According to Reynolds, it is possible for the president to make
declarations concerning a national emergency secretly in the form of a
Natioanl Security Decision Directive. Most such directives are
classified as so secret that Reynolds says "researchers don't even
know how many are enacted."</p>
<p>DOMESTIC SPYING</p>
<p>Throughout the 1980s, FEMA was prohibited from engaging in
<p>DOMESTIC SPYING</p>
<p>Throughout the 1980s, FEMA was prohibited from engaging in
intelligence gathering. But on July 6, 1989, Bush signed Executive
Order 12681, pronouncing that FEMA's National Preparedness Directorate
would "have as a primary function intelligence, counterintelligence,
investigative, or national security work." Recent events indicate that
domestic spying in response to the looming Middle East war is now
under way.</p>
<p>Reynolds reports that "the CIA is going to various campuses asking for
<p>Reynolds reports that "the CIA is going to various campuses asking for
information on Middle Eastern students. I'm sure that there are
intelligence organizations monitoring peace demonstrations."
According to the University of Connecticut student paper, the Daily
Campus, CIA officials have recently met there to discuss talking with
Middle Eastern students.</p>
<p>The New York Times reports that the FBI has ordered its agents around
<p>The New York Times reports that the FBI has ordered its agents around
the country to question Arab-American leaders and business people in
search of information on potential Iraqi "terrorist" attacks in
response to a Gulf war.</p>
<p>A 1986 Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) document entitled
<p>A 1986 Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) document entitled
"Alien Terrorists and Other Undesirables: A Contingency Plan" outlines
the potential round-up and incarceration in mass detainment camps of
U.S. residents who are citizens of "terrorist" countries, chiefly in
@ -969,22 +970,22 @@ refugees in the event of a U.S. invasion of the region. One of the 10
military bases established as detainment camps by REX-84 ALPHA, Camp
Krome, Fla., was designated a joint FEMA-Immigration service
interrogation center.</p>
<p>Recently, FEMA has been criticized in the media for inadequate
<p>Recently, FEMA has been criticized in the media for inadequate
response to the October, 1989 San Francisco earthquake. What the
mainstream press has failed to cover is the agency's planned role in
repressing domestic dissent in the event of an invasion abroad.</p>
<p>Source: The Guardian, Jan 16 1991</p>
<p> The Guardian is an independent radical news weekly. Subscriptions are
<p>Source: The Guardian, Jan 16 1991</p>
<p> The Guardian is an independent radical news weekly. Subscriptions are
available at $33.50 per year from The Guardian, 33 West 17th St., New
York, NY 10011</p>
<p> Origin:Socialism_On_Line 203-274-4639</p>
<p> from the Radical_Politics conference on
<p> Origin:Socialism_On_Line 203-274-4639</p>
<p> from the Radical_Politics conference on
The NY Transfer BBS 718-448-2358 &amp; 718-448-2683</p>
<p>** End of text from cdp:mideast.forum **</p>
<p>----------------------------END:REF4------------------------------------
<p>** End of text from cdp:mideast.forum **</p>
<p>----------------------------END:REF4------------------------------------
########################################################################
----------------------------REF5:NSDD 145-------------------------------</p>
<p>DATE OF UPLOAD: November 17, 1989
<p>DATE OF UPLOAD: November 17, 1989
ORIGIN OF UPLOAD: Omni Magazine
CONTRIBUTED BY: Donald Goldberg
========================================================
@ -995,12 +996,12 @@ ParaNet felt it important as an offering to our readers who
depend so much upon communications as a way to stay informed.
This article raises some interesting implications for the future
of communications.</p>
<p>THE NATIONAL GUARDS
<p>THE NATIONAL GUARDS
(C) 1987 OMNI MAGAZINE MAY 1987
(Reprinted with permission and license to ParaNet Information
Service and its affiliates.)</p>
<p>By Donald Goldberg</p>
<p> The mountains bend as the fjord and the sea beyond stretch
<p>By Donald Goldberg</p>
<p> The mountains bend as the fjord and the sea beyond stretch
out before the viewer's eyes. First over the water, then a sharp
left turn, then a bank to the right between the peaks, and the
secret naval base unfolds upon the screen.
@ -1056,7 +1057,7 @@ Defense (DoD) officials have quietly implemented a number of
policies, decisions, and orders that give the military
unprecedented control over both the content and public use of
data and communications. For example:</p>
<p>**The Pentagon has created a new category of "sensitive" but
<p>**The Pentagon has created a new category of "sensitive" but
unclassified information that allows it to keep from public
access huge quantities of data that were once widely accessible.
**Defense Department officials have attempted to rewrite key laws
@ -1366,4 +1367,5 @@ by NSTAC at the DoD's request and is contained in a series of
internal Pentagon documents obtained by Omni. Collectively this
series is known as the Satellite Survivability Report. Completed
in 1984, it is the on</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

68
pre-src-xml/fakeaids.xml
View File

@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
DESIGNER DISEASES</p>
<p> AIDS As Biological &amp; Psychological Warfare</p>
<p> by Waves Forrest</p>
<p>Despite repeated denials from Defense Department officials,
<p> AIDS As Biological &amp; Psychological Warfare</p>
<p> by Waves Forrest</p>
<p>Despite repeated denials from Defense Department officials,
allegations persist that AIDS is a genetically altered virus,
which has been deliberately released to wipe out homosexuals
and/or non-whites in the U.S. and reduce populations in third
world countries.</p>
<p>At first glance it seems like the epitome of paranoia to accuse
<p>At first glance it seems like the epitome of paranoia to accuse
the military of conspiring to exterminate citizens of their own
country, and even some of their own troops. However, the vast
majority of military personnel could be completely unaware of
@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ compelling, that the AIDS virus was artificially engineered, and
planted in several different locations at about the same time
through vaccination programs, and possibly blood bank
contamination.</p>
<p>At a House Appropriations hearing in 1969, the Defense
<p>At a House Appropriations hearing in 1969, the Defense
Department's Biological Warfare (BW) division requested funds to
develop through gene-splicing a new disease that would both
resist and break down a victim's immune system. "Within the next
@ -33,9 +34,9 @@ maintain our relative freedom from infectious diseases." (See -
A Higher Form of Killing: The Secret Story of Chemical and
Biological Warfare by R. Harris and J. Paxman, p 266, Hill and
Wang, pubs.) The funds were approved.</p>
<p>AIDS appeared within the requested time frame, and has the exact
<p>AIDS appeared within the requested time frame, and has the exact
characteristics specified.</p>
<p>In 1972, the World Health Organization published a similar
<p>In 1972, the World Health Organization published a similar
proposal: "An attempt should be made to ascertain whether viruses
can in fact exert selective effects on immune function, e.g.,
by ...affecting T cell function as opposed to B cell function.
@ -44,14 +45,14 @@ response to the virus itself may be impaired if the infecting
virus damages more or less selectively the cells responding to
the viral antigens." (Bulletin of the W.H.O., vol. 47, p 257-274.) This is a clinical description of the function of the AIDS
virus.</p>
<p>The incidence of AIDS infections in Africa coincides exactly with
<p>The incidence of AIDS infections in Africa coincides exactly with
the locations of the W.H.O. smallpox vaccination program in the
mid-1970's (London Times, May 11, 1987). Some 14000 Haitians
then on UN secondment to Central Africa were also vaccinated in
this campaign. Personnel actually conducting the vaccinations
may have been completely unaware that the vaccine was anything
other than what they were told.</p>
<p>A striking feature of AIDS is that it's ethno-selective. The
<p>A striking feature of AIDS is that it's ethno-selective. The
rate of infection is twice as high among Blacks, Latinos and
Native Americans as among whites, with death coming two to three
times as swiftly. And over 80% of the children with AIDS and 90%
@ -59,21 +60,21 @@ of infants born with it are among these minorities. "Ethnic
weapons" that would strike certain racial groups more heavily
than others have been a long-standing U.S. Army BW objective.
(Harris and Paxman, p 265)</p>
<p>Under the current U.S. administration biological warfare research
<p>Under the current U.S. administration biological warfare research
spending has increased 500 percent, primarily in the area of
genetic engineering of new disease organisms.</p>
<p>The "discovery" of the AIDS virus (HTLV3) was announced by Dr.
<p>The "discovery" of the AIDS virus (HTLV3) was announced by Dr.
Robert Gallo at the National Cancer Institute, which is on the
grounds of Fort Detrick, Maryland, a primary U.S. Army biological
warfare research facility. Actually, the AIDS virus looks and
acts much more like a cross between a bovine leukemial virus and
a sheep visna (brain-rot) virus, cultured in a human cell culture, than any virus of the HTLV group.</p>
<p>The closest thing in this case to a "smoking test tube" so far is
<p>The closest thing in this case to a "smoking test tube" so far is
the AIDS virus itself. If it was possible for such a monstrosity
to occur naturally it would have done so ages ago and decimated
mankind at that time. Some other life form would presently be in
control of this planet (assuming that is not already the case).</p>
<p>The Hepatitis B vaccine study in 1978 appears to have been the
<p>The Hepatitis B vaccine study in 1978 appears to have been the
initial means of planting the infection in New York City. The
test protocol specified non-monogamous males only, and
homosexuals received a different vaccine from heterosexuals. At
@ -82,16 +83,16 @@ had received the Hepatitis B test vaccine in 1978. By 1984, 64%
of the vaccine recipients had AIDS, and the figures on the
current infection rate for the participants of that study are
held by the U.S. Department of Justice, and "unavailable."</p>
<p>The AIDS epidemic emerged full-blown in the three U.S. cities
<p>The AIDS epidemic emerged full-blown in the three U.S. cities
with "organized gay communities" before being reported elsewhere,
including Haiti or Africa, so it is epidemiologically impossible
for either of those countries to be the origin point for the U.S.
infections.</p>
<p>Another indication AIDS had multiple origin points is that the
<p>Another indication AIDS had multiple origin points is that the
14-month doubling time of the disease cannot nearly account for
the current number of cases if we assume only a small number of
initial infections starting in the late 1970s.</p>
<p>Before dismissing the possibility that a U.S. Army BW facility
<p>Before dismissing the possibility that a U.S. Army BW facility
would participate in genocide, bear in mind that hundreds of top
Nazis were imported into key positions in the U.S. military-intelligence establishment following WW II. U.S. military
priorities were then re-oriented from defeating Nazis to
@ -102,25 +103,25 @@ the Century by E.H. Cookridge, Random House.) There's no proof
those Nazis ever gave up their long-term goals of conquest and
genocide, just because they changed countries. Fascism was and
is an international phenomenon.</p>
<p>It's not as if this was total reversal of previous U.S. military
<p>It's not as if this was total reversal of previous U.S. military
policy, however. Hitler claimed to have gotten his inspiration
for the "final solution" from the extermination of Native
Americans in the U.S. For that matter the first example of germ
warfare in the U.S. was in 1763 when some of the European
colonists gave friendly Indians a number of blankets that had
been infected with smallpox, causing many deaths.</p>
<p>One indication of the actual U.S. military priorities regarding
<p>One indication of the actual U.S. military priorities regarding
BW was the importation of the entire Japanese germ warfare unit
(#731) following WW II. These people killed over 3000 POWs,
including many Americans, in a variety of grisly experiments, yet
they were granted complete amnesty and given American military
positions in exchange for sharing their research findings with
their U.S. Army counterparts.</p>
<p>Consider also the callous attitude displayed by top military
<p>Consider also the callous attitude displayed by top military
officials toward veterans suffering from the after-effects of
exposure to Agent Orange and radiation from nuclear weapons
tests.</p>
<p>In fact, since the end of WW II over 200 experimental BW tests
<p>In fact, since the end of WW II over 200 experimental BW tests
have been conducted on civilians and military personnel in the
U.S. One example was the test spraying from Sept. 20-26, 1950 of
bacillus globigi and syraceus maracezens over 117 square miles of
@ -137,12 +138,12 @@ the New York subway system, conducted by the U.S. Army's Special
Operations Division. Due to the vast number of people exposed it
would virtually impossible to identify, let alone prove, and
specific health problems resulting directly from this test.</p>
<p>Despite the loyalty of the vast majority of U.S. military
<p>Despite the loyalty of the vast majority of U.S. military
personnel toward their country, there are clearly some military
officials who have very different intentions, and they occupy
high enough positions to impose their priorities on military
programs and get away with it, so far.</p>
<p>The first detailed charges regarding AIDS as a BW weapon were
<p>The first detailed charges regarding AIDS as a BW weapon were
published in the Patriot newspaper in New Delhi, India, on July
4, 1984. It is hard to say where the investigations of this
story in the Indian press might have led, if they had not been
@ -150,12 +151,12 @@ sidetracked by two major domestic disasters shortly thereafter:
the assassination of Indira Gandhi on Oct. 31 and the Bhopal
Union Carbide plant "accident" that killed several thousand and
injured over 200000 on Dec. 3.</p>
<p>The Soviet press picked up the story on October 1985, making it
<p>The Soviet press picked up the story on October 1985, making it
easy for U.S. Defense Department spokesmen to dismiss the charges
as "Soviet propaganda," even though many other countries carried
it. The Soviets recently retracted the charges, in the new
spirit of US-USSR cooperation.</p>
<p>A variation on the AIDS-BW theory that is popular in far-right
<p>A variation on the AIDS-BW theory that is popular in far-right
publications is that AIDS was developed in Soviet laboratories
for use against the U.S. An obvious problem with this idea is
that the victims of choice of a Soviet BW attack would be anti-communists, not minorities or homosexuals, who are generally more
@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ USSR, is conducting this campaign against one another. Although
concealed in apparent conflicts between nations, the real
culprits are multi-national fascists on both "sides" still bent
on massive population reductions and global domination.</p>
<p>Other motives include the old "divide and conquer" principle;
<p>Other motives include the old "divide and conquer" principle;
AIDS is inspiring fear and mistrust between people, and scaring
them away from relating to each other at the basic level of
sexuality. It is acting as a barrier to the attempted cultural
@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ students surveyed last year as to which decade they'd most like
to have grown up in, 90% chose the 60's. The last thing pro-war
fascists want is another "love generation," especially if it is
more politically sophisticated than the last one.</p>
<p>Apparently, homosexuals were an initial target in the U.S.
<p>Apparently, homosexuals were an initial target in the U.S.
because their sexual practices would help in the rapid spread of
the disease, and because it was correctly assumed that very few
non-homosexual citizens would pay much attention during the early
@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ disease" would interfere with rational analysis and discussion of
AIDS. Bear in mind that homosexuals were among the first to be
exterminated in Nazi Germany, before Jews or other minorities, so
fewer citizens would object.</p>
<p>The details of precisely how the AIDS virus was synthesized, mass
<p>The details of precisely how the AIDS virus was synthesized, mass
cultured, and spread by incorporating into vaccination programs
are available but fairly intricate. It is beyond the scope of
this report to present a crash course in virology, epidemiology,
@ -193,19 +194,20 @@ fascism. Readers are encouraged to obtain and study the
references cited here, and demand a full inquiry. Those
officials who are actually involved in the coverup will reveal it
by their inaction when pressed to investigate.</p>
<p>Evil is hard to confront, especially on the preposterous scale we
<p>Evil is hard to confront, especially on the preposterous scale we
have here. If you acknowledge the presence of those who think
their only hope for survival is to kill off two thirds of all the
other kinds, and their ability to manage it, you then pretty much
have to do something about it.</p>
<p>Three good sources, each which lists many other key references,
<p>Three good sources, each which lists many other key references,
are: Covert Action Information Bulletin #28 ($5), Box 50272,
Washington, D.C. 20004; Bio-Attack Alert ($20), Dr. Robert
Strecker, 1501 Colorado Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90041; Radio Free
America #16 by Dave Emery and Nip Tuck (3 tapes, $10), Davkore
Co., 1300-D Space Park Way, Mountain View, CA 94043.</p>
<p>This report was originally printed in - Critique - Exposing
<p>This report was originally printed in - Critique - Exposing
Consensus Reality, P.O. Box 11368, Santa Rosa, CA 95406. $15.00
for three issues (one year).
</p>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> 102nd Congress
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> 102nd Congress
2nd Session</p>
<p> Amendment No.
<p> Amendment No.
Offered by M.</p>
<p>1. SEC. 1. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES
<p>1. SEC. 1. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES
2. (a) The Congress finds:
3. (1) that telecommunications systems and networks are often
4 used in the furtherance of criminal activities including
@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ Offered by M.</p>
20 intercept communications, would impede the ability of such
21 agencies effectively to carry out their responsibilities.
22</p>
<p>1 The purpose of this Act are:
<p>1 The purpose of this Act are:
2 (1) to clarify the duty of providers of electronic
3 communication services and private branch exchange operators to
4 provide such assistance as necessary to ensure the ability of
@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ Offered by M.</p>
9 communication services or private branch exchange operators, will
10 accomodate the need of government agencies lawfully to intercept
11 communications.</p>
<p>12 SEC. 2. Title II of the Communictions Act of 1934 is amended
<p>12 SEC. 2. Title II of the Communictions Act of 1934 is amended
13 by adding at the end thereof the following new sections:
14 "Sec__. GOVERNMENT REQUIREMENTS
15 "(a) The Federal Communications Commission shall,
@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ Offered by M.</p>
24 private branch exchange operators as may be necessary
25 to maintain the ability of the government to lawfully
26 intercept communication</p>
<p>1 "(2) require that any telecommunications
<p>1 "(2) require that any telecommunications
2 equipment or technology which impedes the ability of
3 the government to lawfully intercept communications and
4 and which has been introduced into a telecommunications
@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ Offered by M.</p>
24 such regulations.
25 "(c) For the purposes of administering and enforcing
26 the provisions of this section and the regulations</p>
<p>1 prescribed hereunder, the Commission shall have the same
<p>1 prescribed hereunder, the Commission shall have the same
2 authority, power, and functions with respect to providers of
3 electronic communication services or private branch exchange
4 operators as the Commission has in administering and
@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ Offered by M.</p>
25 "(f) To the extent consistent with the setting or
26 implementation of just and reasonable rates, charges and
</p>
<p>1 classifications, the Commission shall authorize the
<p>1 classifications, the Commission shall authorize the
2 compensation of any electronic communication service
3 providers or other entities whose rates or charges are
4 subject to its jurisdiction for the reasonable costs
@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ l9 "(h) Notwithstanding section 552b of Title 5, United
23 registrations issued or to be issued under the authority of
24 this section shall be closed to the public.
25 "(i) Definitions -- As used in this section --</p>
<p>1 "(l) 'provider of electronic communication
<p>1 "(l) 'provider of electronic communication
2 service' or 'private branch exchange operator' means
3 any service which profices to users thereof the ability
4 to send or receive wire, oral or electronic
@ -155,14 +156,14 @@ l5 set forth in section 2510 (4) of Title 18, United States
23 means any equipment or technology, used or to be used
24 by any providers of electronic communication services
25 or private branch exchange operators, which is for the</p>
<p>1 transmission or recept of wire, oral or electronic
<p>1 transmission or recept of wire, oral or electronic
2 communications."</p>
<p>3 SEC 3. Section 510, Title V, P.L. 97-259 is amended deleting the
<p>3 SEC 3. Section 510, Title V, P.L. 97-259 is amended deleting the
4 phrase "section 301 or 302a" and substituting the phrase "section
5 301, 302a, or ____.</p>
<p> DIGITAL TELEPHONY AMENDMENT
<p> DIGITAL TELEPHONY AMENDMENT
(report language)</p>
<p>Significant changes are being made in the systems by which
<p>Significant changes are being made in the systems by which
communications services are provided. Digital technologies,
fiber optics, and other telecommunications transmission
technologies are coming into widespread use. These changes
@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ in communications systems and technologies make it increasingly
difficult for government agencies to implement lawful orders or
authorizations to intercept communications in order to enfore
the laws and protect the national security.</p>
<p>With the assistance of providers of electronic communication
<p>With the assistance of providers of electronic communication
services, these technological advances need not impede
the ability of government agencies to carry out their
responsibilities. This bill would direct the Federal
@ -189,8 +190,8 @@ it is transmitted. It is thus the intent and purpose of the
bill only to maintain the government's current communications
interception capability where properly ordered or authorized.
No expansion of that authority is sought.</p>
<p> ANALYSIS</p>
<p>
<p> ANALYSIS</p>
<p>
Subsection 2(a) and (b) would require the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) to issue any regulations deemed necessary to
ensure that telecommunications equipment and technology used
@ -202,29 +203,30 @@ currently used by such providers or operators that impede this
ability until brought into compliance with the regulations.
Compliance with FCC regulations issued under this section would
be required within 180 days of their issuance.</p>
<p>Subsection 2(c) provides that the Commission's authority to
<p>Subsection 2(c) provides that the Commission's authority to
implement and enforce the provisions of this section are the same
as those it has with respect to common carriers subject to its
jurisdiction.</p>
<p>Subsection 2(d) would give the Attorney General the authority to
<p>Subsection 2(d) would give the Attorney General the authority to
request injunctive relief against non-complying service providers
or private branch exchange operators.</p>
<p>Subsection 2(e) provides civil penalty authority for willful
<p>Subsection 2(e) provides civil penalty authority for willful
violations of the regulations of up to $10000 per day for each
violation.</p>
<p>Subsection 2(f) would permit the FCC to provide rate relief to
<p>Subsection 2(f) would permit the FCC to provide rate relief to
service providers subject to its rate-setting jurisdiciton for
the costs associated with modifying equipment or technologies to
carry out the purposes of the bill.</p>
<p>Subsections 2(g), (h), and (i) require the Attorney General
<p>Subsections 2(g), (h), and (i) require the Attorney General
to advise the Commission regarding the specific needs and
performance criteria required to maintain government intercept
capabilities, require the FCC to ensure that the standards and
specifications it promulgates may be implemented on a royalty-free basis, and authorize the Attorney General to require that
particular Commission rulemaking proceedings to implement the Act
be closed to the public.</p>
<p>Subsection 2(j) provides definitions for key terms used in this
<p>Subsection 2(j) provides definitions for key terms used in this
section.
</p>
</div>
</div>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
</p>
<p>SUBJECT: FEMA GULAG</p>
<p>
<p>SUBJECT: FEMA GULAG</p>
<p>
SECRET CONCENTRATION CAMPS</p>
<p>The September issue of THE OSTRICH reprinted a story from the
<p>The September issue of THE OSTRICH reprinted a story from the
CBA BULLETIN which listed the following principal civilian concentration camps established in GULAG USA under the =Rex '84= program:
Ft. Chaffee, Arkansas; Ft. Drum, New York; Ft. Indian Gap, Pennsylvania; Camp A. P. Hill, Virginia; Oakdale, California; Eglin
Air Force Base, Florida; Vendenberg AFB, California; Ft. Mc Coy,
@ -36,13 +37,13 @@ imposition of "Emergency" to suppress unrest. =Henry Kissinger=
and his clients hardly missed a day's profits in their deals with
the butchers of Tiananmen Sqaure. Are you next?
*************************************************************************</p>
<p>SUBJECT: Executive Orders</p>
<p>
<p>SUBJECT: Executive Orders</p>
<p>
APPLICABLE EXECUTIVE ORDERS</p>
<p>The following =Executive Orders=, now recorded in the Federal
<p>The following =Executive Orders=, now recorded in the Federal
Register, and therefore accepted by Congress as the law of the
land, can be put into effect at any time an emergency is declared:</p>
<p>10995--All communications media seized by the Federal Government.
<p>10995--All communications media seized by the Federal Government.
10997--Seizure of all electrical power, fuels, including
gasoline and minerals.
10998--Seizure of all food resources, farms and farm equipment.
@ -62,10 +63,10 @@ to put Executive Orders into effect in "times of increased
international tension or financial crisis". He is also to
perform such additional functions as the President
may direct.</p>
<p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------
<p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Dangerous Fact Not Generally Known
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
<p>THESE EXECUTIVE ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE ARTICLE
<p>THESE EXECUTIVE ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE ARTICLE
4 SECTION 4 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. "THE
UNITED STATES SHALL GUARANTEE TO EVERY STATE IN THIS UNION A
REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT, AND SHALL PROTECT EACH OF THEM
@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ AGAINST INVASION; AND ON APPLICATION OF THE LEGISLATURE, OR OF THE
EXECUTIVE (WHEN THE LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE CONVENED) AGAINST
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE." "REGIONAL GOVERNMENT IS NOT A REPRESENTATIVE
REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT!"</p>
<p>When Government gets out of hand and can no longer be controlled
<p>When Government gets out of hand and can no longer be controlled
by the people, short of violent overthrow as in 1776, there are
two sources of power which are used by the dictatorial government
to keep the people in line: the Police Power and the Power of the
@ -84,12 +85,12 @@ local Governments. These powers have been taken over, with the
permission of the Federal Legislature and the State Governments,
by the Executive Branch of the Federal Government and all attempts
to reclaim that lost power have been defeated.</p>
<p>Stated simply: the dictatorial power of the Executive rests primarily
<p>Stated simply: the dictatorial power of the Executive rests primarily
on three basis: Executive Order 11490, Executive Order 11647, and
the Planning, Programming, Budgeting System which is operated
through the new and all-powerful Office of Management and
Budget.</p>
<p>E. O. 11490 is a compilation of some 23 previous Executive Orders,
<p>E. O. 11490 is a compilation of some 23 previous Executive Orders,
signed by Nixon on Oct. 28, 1969, and outlining emergency functions
which are to be performed by some 28 Executive Departments and
Agencies whenever the President of the United States declares
@ -108,18 +109,18 @@ Branch can:
* Take over farms, ranches, timberized properties
* Regulate the amount of your own money you may withdraw from
your bank, or savings and loan institution</p>
<p>All of these and many more items are listed in 32 pages incorporating
<p>All of these and many more items are listed in 32 pages incorporating
nearly 200000 words, providing and absolute bureaucratic
dictatorship whenever the President gives the word.</p>
<p>--&gt; Executive Order 11647 provides the regional and local mechanisms
<p>--&gt; Executive Order 11647 provides the regional and local mechanisms
--&gt; and manpower for carrying out the provisions of E. O. 11490.
--&gt; Signed by Richard Nixon on Feb. 10, 1972, this Order sets up Ten
--&gt; Federal Regional Councils to govern Ten Federal Regions made up
--&gt; of the fifty still existing States of the Union.</p>
<p>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
<p>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Don sez:</p>
<p>*Check out this book for the inside scoop on the "secret" Constitution.*</p>
<p>SUBJECT: - "The Proposed Constitutional Model" Pages 595-621
<p>*Check out this book for the inside scoop on the "secret" Constitution.*</p>
<p>SUBJECT: - "The Proposed Constitutional Model" Pages 595-621
Book Title - The Emerging Constitution
Author - Rexford G. Tugwell
Publisher - Harpers Magazine Press,Harper and Row
@ -127,9 +128,9 @@ Dewey Decimal - 342.73 T915E
ISBN - 0-06-128225-10
Note Chapter 14
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</p>
<p>The 10 Federal Regions
<p>The 10 Federal Regions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
<p>REGION I: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode
<p>REGION I: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, Vermont.
Regional Capitol: Boston
REGION II: New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, Virgin Island.
@ -153,55 +154,55 @@ REGION IX: Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada.
Regional Capitol: San Fransisco
REGION X: Alaska, Oregon, Washington, Idaho.
Regional Capitol: Seattle</p>
<p>Supplementing these Then Regions, each of the States is, or is to
<p>Supplementing these Then Regions, each of the States is, or is to
be, divided into subregions, so that Federal Executive control
is provided over every community.</p>
<p>Then, controlling the bedgeting and the programming at every
<p>Then, controlling the bedgeting and the programming at every
level is that politico-economic system known as PPBS.</p>
<p>The President need not wait for some emergency such as an impeachment
<p>The President need not wait for some emergency such as an impeachment
ouster. He can declare a National Emergency at any time, and freeze
everything, just as he has already frozen wages and prices. And
the Congress, and the States, are powerless to prevent such an
Executive Dictatorship, unless Congress moves to revoke these
extraordinary powers before the Chief Executive moves to invoke
them.</p>
<p>THESE EXECUTIVE ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE THE INTENT AND
<p>THESE EXECUTIVE ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE THE INTENT AND
PURPOSE OF ARTICLE 4 SECTION 3. THERE IS NO PROVISION IN THIS
SECTION OR THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES FOR FORMING A
REGIONAL STATE OUT OF A GROUP OF STATES! FURTHER, THESE EXECUTIVE
ORDERS GROSSLY AND FLAGRANTLY VIOLATE THE 9TH AND 10TH
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION!</p>
<p>By Proclaiming and Putting Into Effect Executive Order No. 11490,
<p>By Proclaiming and Putting Into Effect Executive Order No. 11490,
the President would put the United States under TOTAL MARTIAL LAW
AND MILITARY DICTATORSHIP! The Guns Of The American People Would
Be Forcibly Taken!</p>
<p>--------------------------------END:REF1------------------------------------------MORE--(40%)</p>
<p>
<p>--------------------------------END:REF1------------------------------------------MORE--(40%)</p>
<p>
################################################################################
--------------------------------REF2:FEMA---------------------------------------</p>
<p>
<p>
Bushie-Tail used the Gulf War Show to greatly expand the powers of the
presidency. During this shell game event, the Executive Orders signed
into "law" continued Bushie's methodical and detailed program to bury
any residual traces of the constitutional rights and protections of U.S.
citizens. The Bill of Rights--[almost too late to] use 'em or lose 'em:</p>
<p>|| The record of Bush's fast and loose approach to ||
<p>|| The record of Bush's fast and loose approach to ||
|| constitutionally guaranteed civil rights is a history of ||
|| the erosion of liberty and the consolidation of an imperial ||
|| executive. ||</p>
<p>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<p>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From "Covert Action Information Bulletin," Number 37, Summer, 1991 (see
bottom 2 pages for subscription &amp; back issues info on this quarterly):</p>
<p>Domestic Consequences of the Gulf War
<p>Domestic Consequences of the Gulf War
Diana Reynolds
Reprinted with permission of CAIB. Copyright 1991</p>
<p>Diana Reynolds is a Research Associate at the Edward R. Murrow Center,
<p>Diana Reynolds is a Research Associate at the Edward R. Murrow Center,
Fletcher School for Public Policy, Tufts University. She is also an
Assistant Professor of Politics at Broadford College and a Lecturer at
Merrimack College.</p>
<p>A war, even the most victorious, is a national misfortune.
<p>A war, even the most victorious, is a national misfortune.
--Helmuth Von Moltke, Prussian field marshall</p>
<p>George Bush put the United States on the road to its second war in
<p>George Bush put the United States on the road to its second war in
two years by declaring a national emergency on August 21990. In
response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, Bush issued two Executive
Orders (12722 and 12723) which restricted trade and travel with Iraq
@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ budget agreement with Congress which had frozen defense spending, to
entrench further the U.S. economy in the mire of the military-industrial complex, to override environmental protection regulations,
and to make free enterprise and civil liberties conditional upon an
executive determination of national security interests.</p>
<p>The State of Emergency
<p>The State of Emergency
In time of war a president's power derives from both constitutional
and statutory sources. Under Article II, Section 2 of the
Constitution, he is Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. Although
@ -243,7 +244,7 @@ presidential emergency powers were apprehensive about the domestic
ramifications of any national emergency declared by George Bush. In
light of Bush's record (see "Bush Chips Away at Constitution" Box
below) and present performance, their fears appear well-founded.</p>
<p>The War at Home
<p>The War at Home
It is too early to know all of the emergency powers, executive
orders and findings issued under classified National Security
Directives[2] implemented by Bush in the name of the Gulf War. In
@ -271,7 +272,7 @@ in this six month period suggests an unusual amount of government
resources utilized to direct the national emergency state. In
contrast, government salaries for one year of the state of emergency
with Iran[4] cost only $430000.</p>
<p>____________________________________________________________________
<p>____________________________________________________________________
| Bush Chips Away at Constitution
| George Bush, perhaps more than any other individual in
U.S. history, has expanded the emergency powers of
@ -370,4 +371,5 @@ September 2, 1990; Bernard Weintraub, "Bush Considers
Calling Guard To Fight Drug Violence in Capital," "New
York Times," March 21, 1989.
--------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
----FEMA pt 2 continued ----------------------------------------------</p>
<p>
<p>
Even those Executive Orders which have been made public tend to
raise as many questions as they answer about what actions were
@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ flow of energy in case of a prolonged engagement or disruption of
supply. Antitrust waivers were also being pursued and oil companies
were engaged in emergency preparedness exercises with the Department
of Energy.[5]</p>
<p>Wasting the Environment
<p>Wasting the Environment
In one case the use of secret powers was discovered by a watchdog
group and revealed in the press. In August 1990, correspondence
passed between Colin McMillan, Assistant Secretary of Defense for
@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ weapons. Bush signed the law, although he had rejected the identical
measure the year before because it did not give him the executive
power to waive all sanctions if he thought the national interest
required it.[11] The new bill, however, met Bush's requirements.</p>
<p>____________________________________________________________________
<p>____________________________________________________________________
| BUSH'S EXECUTIVE ORDERS
| * EO 12722 "Blocking Iraqi Government Property and
Prohibiting Transactions With Iraq," Aug. 2, 1990.
@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ Area," Feb. 14, 1991.
| * EO 12751 "Health Care Services for Operation Desert
Storm," Feb. 14, 1991.
--------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p>Going Off Budget
<p>Going Off Budget
Although some of the powers which Bush assumed in order to conduct
the Gulf War were taken openly, they received little public discussion
or reporting by the media.
@ -123,15 +124,15 @@ Congress and the President one of the first U.S. casualties of the
war. While on one hand the deal froze arms spending through 1996, it
also allowed Bush to put the cost of the Gulf War "off budget." Thus,
using its emergency powers, the Bush administration could:</p>
<p>* incur a deficit which exceeds congressional budget authority;</p>
<p>* prevent Congress from raising a point of order over the
<p>* incur a deficit which exceeds congressional budget authority;</p>
<p>* prevent Congress from raising a point of order over the
excessive spending;[12]</p>
<p>* waive the requirement that the Secretary of Defense submit
<p>* waive the requirement that the Secretary of Defense submit
estimates to Congress prior to deployment of a major defense
acquisition system;</p>
<p>* and exempt the Pentagon from congressional restrictions on
<p>* and exempt the Pentagon from congressional restrictions on
hiring private contractors.[13]</p>
<p>While there is no published evidence on which powers Bush actually
<p>While there is no published evidence on which powers Bush actually
invoked, the administration was able to push through the 1990 Omnibus
Reconciliation Act. This legislation put a cap on domestic spending,
created a record $300 billion deficit, and undermined the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act intended to reduce the federal deficit. Although
@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ Tomahawk, Hellfire and HARM missiles from its regular budget to the
supplemental budget; added normal wear and tear of equipment to
supplemental appropriations; and made supplemental requests which
ignore a planned 25% reduction in the armed forces by 1995.[16]</p>
<p>The Cost In Liberty Lost
<p>The Cost In Liberty Lost
Under emergency circumstances, using 50 USC sec. 1811, the
President could direct the Attorney General to authorize electronic
surveillance of aliens and American citizens in order to obtain
@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ East and explained that the Agency intended to open a file on each of
the students. Anti-war groups have also reported several break-ins of
their offices and many suspected electronic surveillance of their
telephones.[19]</p>
<p>Pool of Disinformation
<p>Pool of Disinformation
Emergency powers to control the means of communications in the U.S.
in the name of national security were never formally declared. There
was no need for Bush to do so since most of the media voluntarily and
@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ until after the war ended. It was then dismissed when the judge ruled
that since the war had ended, the issues raised had become moot. The
legal status of the restrictions--initially tested during the U.S.
invasions of Grenada and Panama--remains unsettled.</p>
<p>A National Misfortune
<p>A National Misfortune
It will be years before researchers and journalists are able to
ferret through the maze of government documents and give a full
appraisal of the impact of the President's emergency powers on
@ -215,10 +216,10 @@ U.S. assists Kuwait in cleaning up its environmental disaster, it will
increase pollution at home. Indeed, as the long-dead Prussian field
marshal prophesied, "a war, even the most victorious, is a national
misfortune."</p>
<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
<p>1. The administrative guideline was established under Reagan in Executive
<p>FOOTNOTES:</p>
<p>1. The administrative guideline was established under Reagan in Executive
Order 12656, November 181988, "Federal Register," vol. 23, no. 266.</p>
<p>2. For instance, National Security Council policy papers or National
<p>2. For instance, National Security Council policy papers or National
Security Directives (NSD) or National Security Decision Directives
(NSDD) have today evolved into a network of shadowy, wide-ranging and
potent executive powers. These are secret instruments, maintained in
@ -227,29 +228,29 @@ an excellent discussion see: Harold C. Relyea, The Coming of Secret
Law, "Government Information Quarterly," Vol. 5, November 1988; see
also: Eve Pell, "The Backbone of Hidden Government," "The Nation,"
June 191990.</p>
<p>3. "Letter to Congressional Leaders Reporting on the National Emergency
<p>3. "Letter to Congressional Leaders Reporting on the National Emergency
With Respect to Iraq," February, 11, 1991, "Weekly Compilation of
Presidential Documents: Administration of George Bush," (Washington,
DC: U.S. Government Printing Office), pp. 158-61.</p>
<p>4. The U.S. now has states of emergency with Iran, Iraq and Syria.</p>
<p>5. Allanna Sullivan, "U.S. Oil Concerns Confident Of Riding Out Short Gulf
<p>4. The U.S. now has states of emergency with Iran, Iraq and Syria.</p>
<p>5. Allanna Sullivan, "U.S. Oil Concerns Confident Of Riding Out Short Gulf
War," "Wall Street Journal Europe," January 7, 1991.</p>
<p>6. Colin McMillan, Letter to Michael Deland, Chairman, Council on
<p>6. Colin McMillan, Letter to Michael Deland, Chairman, Council on
Environmental Quality (Washington, DC: Executive Office of the
President), August 24, 1990; Michael R. Deland, Letter to Colin
McMillan, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Production and Logistics
(Washington, DC: Department of Defense), August 291990.</p>
<p>7. Keith Schneider, "Pentagon Wins Waiver Of Environmental Rule," "New York
<p>7. Keith Schneider, "Pentagon Wins Waiver Of Environmental Rule," "New York
Times," January 30, 1991.</p>
<p>8. 33 U.S. Code (USC) sec. 1902 9(b).</p>
<p>9. 33 USC sec. 2503 l(b).</p>
<p>10. 50 USC sec. 1521(b) (3)(A).</p>
<p>ll. Adam Clymer, "New Bill Mandates Sanctions On Makers of Chemical Arms,"
<p>8. 33 U.S. Code (USC) sec. 1902 9(b).</p>
<p>9. 33 USC sec. 2503 l(b).</p>
<p>10. 50 USC sec. 1521(b) (3)(A).</p>
<p>ll. Adam Clymer, "New Bill Mandates Sanctions On Makers of Chemical Arms,"
"New York Times," February 22, 1991.</p>
<p>12. 31 USC O10005 (f); 2 USC O632 (i), 6419 (d), 907a (b); and Public
<p>12. 31 USC O10005 (f); 2 USC O632 (i), 6419 (d), 907a (b); and Public
Law 101-508, Title X999, sec. 13101.</p>
<p>13. 10 USC sec. 2434/2461 9F.</p>
<p>14. When the Pentagon expected the war to last months and oil prices to
<p>13. 10 USC sec. 2434/2461 9F.</p>
<p>14. When the Pentagon expected the war to last months and oil prices to
skyrocket, it projected the incremental cost of deploying and
redeploying the forces and waging war at about $70 billion. The
administration sought and received $56 billion in pledges from allies
@ -258,13 +259,13 @@ estimates of casualties and the war's duration were highly inflated,
today their budget estimates remain at around $70 billion even though
the Congressional Budget office estimates that cost at only $40
billion, $16 billion less than allied pledges.</p>
<p>15. Michael Kamish, "After The War: At Home, An Unconquered Recession,"
<p>15. Michael Kamish, "After The War: At Home, An Unconquered Recession,"
"Boston Globe," March 6, 1991; Peter Passell, "The Big Spoils From a
Bargain War," "New York Times," March 3, 1991; and Alan Abelson, "A
War Dividend For The Defense Industry?" "Barron's," March 18, 1991.</p>
<p>16. Lawrence Korb, "The Pentagon's Creative Budgetry Is Out of Line,"
<p>16. Lawrence Korb, "The Pentagon's Creative Budgetry Is Out of Line,"
"International Herald Tribune," April 5, 199l.</p>
<p>17. Many of the powers against aliens are automatically invoked during a
<p>17. Many of the powers against aliens are automatically invoked during a
national emergency or state of war. Under the Alien Enemies Act (50
USC sec. 21), the President can issue an order to apprehend, restrain,
secure and remove all subjects of a hostile nation over 13 years old.
@ -275,17 +276,17 @@ classes of aliens from entry into the U.S. when their entry may be
"detrimental to the interests of the United States" (8 USC sec. 1182(f));
imposition of travel restrictions on aliens within the U.S. (8 USC sec.
1185); and requiring aliens to be fingerprinted (8 USC sec. 1302).</p>
<p>18. Ann Talamas, "FBI Targets Arab-Americans," "CAIB," Spring 1991, p. 4.</p>
<p>19. "Anti-Repression Project Bulletin" (New York: Center for
<p>18. Ann Talamas, "FBI Targets Arab-Americans," "CAIB," Spring 1991, p. 4.</p>
<p>19. "Anti-Repression Project Bulletin" (New York: Center for
Constitutional Rights), January 23, 1991.</p>
<p>20. James DeParle, "Long Series of Military Decisions Led to Gulf War News
<p>20. James DeParle, "Long Series of Military Decisions Led to Gulf War News
Censorship," "New York Times," May 5, 1991.</p>
<p>21. James LeMoyne, "A Correspondent's Tale: Pentagon's Strategy for the
<p>21. James LeMoyne, "A Correspondent's Tale: Pentagon's Strategy for the
Press: Good News or No News," "New York Times," February 17, 1991.</p>
<p>______________________________________________________________________________
<p>______________________________________________________________________________
Covert Action INFORMATION BULLETIN</p>
<p>Back Issues</p>
<p>No. 1 (July 1978): Agee on CIA; Cuban exile trial; consumer research-Jamaica.*
<p>Back Issues</p>
<p>No. 1 (July 1978): Agee on CIA; Cuban exile trial; consumer research-Jamaica.*
No. 2 (Oct. 1978): How CIA recruits diplomats; researching undercover
officers; double agent in CIA.*
No. 3 (Jan. 1979): CIA attacks CAIB; secret supp. to Army field manual;
@ -365,34 +366,35 @@ Officials; Special: Destabilizing Africa: Chad, Uganda, S. Africa,
Angola, Mozambique, Zaire; Haiti; Panama; Gulf War; COINTELPRO "art."
No. 37 (Summer 1990): Special: Gulf War: Media; U.N.; Libya; Iran;
Domestic costs; North Korea Next? Illegal Arms Deals.</p>
<p>* Available in Photocopy only</p>
<p>Subscriptions (4 issues/year) (check one)</p>
<p>___$17 one year ___$32 two years U.S.
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$5 per year addition charge for institutions</p>
<p>Books, etc.
<p>Books, etc.
$25 "Dirty Work II: The CIA in Africa," Ray, et al.
$10 "Deadly Deceits: 25 Years in CIA," McGehee
$8 "Secret Contenders: CIA and Cold War," Beck
$6.50 "White Paper/Whitewash," Agee/Poelchau
$10 "On The Run," Agee
$1 "No CIA" buttons (additionals $.50)</p>
<p>BACK ISSUES: Circle above, or list below. $6 per copy in U.S.
<p>BACK ISSUES: Circle above, or list below. $6 per copy in U.S.
Airmail: Canada/Mexico add $2; other countries add $4.</p>
<p>CAIB, P.O. Box 34583, Washington, DC 20043</p>
<p>--
<p>CAIB, P.O. Box 34583, Washington, DC 20043</p>
<p>--
daveus rattus</p>
<p>yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p>KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p>ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
<p>yer friendly neighborhood ratman</p>
<p>KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p>ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.</p>
<p>
<p>
KOYAANISQATSI</p>
<p>ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
<p>ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>
</p>
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p>/** mideast.forum: 216.5 **/
<p>/** mideast.forum: 216.5 **/
** Written 8:11 pm Jan 17, 1991 by nlgclc in cdp:mideast.forum **
An excellent book which deals with the REX 84 detention plan is:</p>
<p>- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
<p>- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"Guts and Glory: The Rise and Fall of Oliver North,'' by Ben
Bradlee Jr. (Donald I. fine, $21.95. 573 pp.)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Reviewed by Dennis M. Culnan Copyright 1990, Gannett News Service All
Rights Reserved Short excerpt posted here under applicable copyright
laws</p>
<p>[Oliver] North managed to network himself into the highest levels of
<p>[Oliver] North managed to network himself into the highest levels of
the CIA and power centers around the world. There he lied and
boastfully ignored the constitutional process, Bradlee writes.</p>
<p>Yet more terrifying is the plan hatched by North and other Reagan
<p>Yet more terrifying is the plan hatched by North and other Reagan
people in the Federal Emergency Manpower Agency (FEMA): A blueprint
for the military takeover of the United States. The plan called for
FEMA to become "emergency czar'' in the event of a national emergency
@ -27,36 +28,36 @@ civilian agencies, and would have broad powers to appoint military
commanders and run state and local governments. Finally, it would
have the authority to order suspect aliens into concentration camps
and seize their property.</p>
<p>When then-Attorney General William French Smith got wind of the plan,
<p>When then-Attorney General William French Smith got wind of the plan,
he killed it. After Smith left the administration, North and his FEMA
cronies came up with the Defense Resource Act, designed to suspendend
the First Amendment by imposing censorship and banning strikes.</p>
<p>Where was it all heading? The book's answer: "REX-84 Bravo, a
<p>Where was it all heading? The book's answer: "REX-84 Bravo, a
National Security Decision Directive 52 that would become operative
with the president's declaration of a state of national emergency
concurrent with a mythical U.S. military invasion of an unspecified
Central American country, presumably Nicaragua.''</p>
<p>Bradlee writes that the Rex exercise was designed to test FEMA's
<p>Bradlee writes that the Rex exercise was designed to test FEMA's
readiness to assume authority over the Department of Defense, the
National Guard in all 50 states, and "a number of state defense
forces to be established by state legislatures.'' The military would
then be "deputized,'' thus making an end run around federal law
forbidding military involvement in domestic law enforcement.</p>
<p>Rex, which ran concurrently with the first annual U.S. show of force
<p>Rex, which ran concurrently with the first annual U.S. show of force
in Honduras in April 1984, was also designed to test FEMA's ability to
round up 400000 undocumented Central American aliens in the United
States and its ability to distribute hundreds of tons of small arms to
"state defense forces.''</p>
<p>Incredibly, REX 84 was similar to a plan secretly adopted by Reagan
<p>Incredibly, REX 84 was similar to a plan secretly adopted by Reagan
while governor of California. His two top henchmen then were Edwin
Meese, who recently resigned as U.S. attorney general, and Louis
Guiffrida, the FEMA director in 1984.</p>
<p>If the review makes you nervous, you should read the book!</p>
<p>--Chip Berlet ** End of text from cdp:mideast.forum **</p>
<p>--------------------------------END:REF3-----------------------------------
<p>If the review makes you nervous, you should read the book!</p>
<p>--Chip Berlet ** End of text from cdp:mideast.forum **</p>
<p>--------------------------------END:REF3-----------------------------------
###########################################################################
--------------------------------REF4:FEMA----------------------------------</p>
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
<p>[PeaceNet forward from AML (ACTIV-L) -- see bottom for more info]
------------------------------------------------------------------
This is the front-page article of the Jan. 16 issue of "The
Guardian," which describes some of the U.S. government's planning
@ -64,83 +65,83 @@ for martial law in the event of the Gulf war. This is truly a
scary scenario that should concern all civil libertarians and
patriots.
------------------------------------------------------------------</p>
<p>WILL GULF WAR LEAD TO REPRESSION AT HOME?
<p>WILL GULF WAR LEAD TO REPRESSION AT HOME?
by Paul DeRienzo and Bill Weinberg</p>
<p>On August 2, 1990, as Saddam Hussein's army was consolidating control
<p>On August 2, 1990, as Saddam Hussein's army was consolidating control
over Kuwait, President George Bush responded by signing two executive
orders that were the first step toward martial law in the United
States and suspending the Constitution.</p>
<p>On the surface, Executive Orders 12722 and 12723, declaring a
<p>On the surface, Executive Orders 12722 and 12723, declaring a
"national emergency," merely invoked laws that allowed Bush to freeze
Iraqi assets in the United States.</p>
<p>The International Emergency Executive Powers Act permits the president
<p>The International Emergency Executive Powers Act permits the president
to freeze foreign assets after declaring a "national emergency," a
move that has been made three times before -- against Panama in 1987,
Nicaragua in 1985 and Iran in 1979.</p>
<p>According to Professor Diana Reynolds, of the Fletcher School of
<p>According to Professor Diana Reynolds, of the Fletcher School of
Diplomacy at Boston's Tufts University, when Bush declared a national
emergency he "activated one part of a contingency national security
emergency plan." That plan is made up of a series of laws passed since
the presidency of Richard Nixon, which Reynolds says give the
president "boundless" powers.</p>
<p>According to Reynolds, such laws as the Defense Industrial
<p>According to Reynolds, such laws as the Defense Industrial
Revitalization and Disaster Relief Acts of 1983 "would permit the
president to do anything from seizing the means of production, to
conscripting a labor force, to relocating groups of citizens."</p>
<p>Reynolds says the net effect of invoking these laws would be the
<p>Reynolds says the net effect of invoking these laws would be the
suspension of the Constitution.</p>
<p>She adds that national emergency powers "permit the stationing of the
<p>She adds that national emergency powers "permit the stationing of the
military in cities and towns, closing off the U.S. borders, freezing
all imports and exports, allocating all resources on a national
security priority, monitoring and censoring the press, and warrantless
searches and seizures."</p>
<p>The measures would allow military authorities to proclaim martial law
<p>The measures would allow military authorities to proclaim martial law
in the United States, asserts Reynolds. She defines martial law as the
"federal authority taking over for local authority when they are
unable to maintain law and order or to assure a republican form of
government."</p>
<p>A report called "Post Attack Recovery Strategies," about rebuilding
<p>A report called "Post Attack Recovery Strategies," about rebuilding
the country after a nuclear war, prepared by the right-wing Hudson
Institute in 1980, defines martial law as dealing "with the control of
civilians by their own military forces in time of emergency."</p>
<p>The federal agency with the authority to organize and command the
<p>The federal agency with the authority to organize and command the
government's response to a national emergency is the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA). This super-secret and elite agency was
formed in 1979 under congressional measures that merged all federal
powers dealing with civilian and military emergencies under one
agency.</p>
<p>FEMA has its roots in the World War I partnership between government
<p>FEMA has its roots in the World War I partnership between government
and corporate leaders who helped mobilize the nation's industries to
support the war effort. The idea of a central national response to
large-scale emergencies was reintroduced in the early 1970s by Louis
Giuffrida, a close associate of then-California Gov. Ronald Reagan and
his chief aide Edwin Meese.</p>
<p>Reagan appointed Giuffrida head of the California National Guard in
<p>Reagan appointed Giuffrida head of the California National Guard in
1969. With Meese, Giuffrida organized "war-games" to prepare for
"statewide martial law" in the event that Black nationalists and
anti-war protesters "challenged the authority of the state." In 1981,
Reagan as president moved Giuffrida up to the big leagues, appointing
him director of FEMA.</p>
<p>According to Reynolds, however, it was the actions of George Bush in
<p>According to Reynolds, however, it was the actions of George Bush in
1976, while he was the director of the Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA), that provided the stimulus for centralization of vast powers in
FEMA.</p>
<p>Bush assembled a group of hawkish outsiders, called Team B, that
<p>Bush assembled a group of hawkish outsiders, called Team B, that
released a report claiming the CIA ("Team A") had underestimated the
dangers of Soviet nuclear attack. The report advised the development
of elaborate plans for "civil defense" and post-nuclear government.
Three years later, in 1979, FEMA was given ultimate responsibility for
developing these plans.</p>
<p>Aware of the bad publicity FEMA was getting because of its role in
<p>Aware of the bad publicity FEMA was getting because of its role in
organizing for a post-nuclear world, Reagan's FEMA chief Giuffrida
publicly argued that the 1865 Posse Comitatus Act prohibited the
military from arresting civilians.</p>
<p>However, Reynolds says that Congress eroded the act by giving the
<p>However, Reynolds says that Congress eroded the act by giving the
military reserves an exemption from Posse Comitatus and allowing them
to arrest civilians. The National Guard, under the control of state
governors in peace time, is also exempt from the act and can arrest
civilians.</p>
<p>FEMA Inspector General John Brinkerhoff has written a memo contending
<p>FEMA Inspector General John Brinkerhoff has written a memo contending
that the government doesn't need to suspend the Constitution to use
the full range of powers Congress has given the agency. FEMA has
prepared legislation to be introduced in Congress in the event of a
@ -148,35 +149,35 @@ national emergency that would give the agency sweeping powers. The
right to "deputize" National Guard and police forces is included in
the package. But Reynolds believes that actual martial law need not be
declared publicly.</p>
<p>Giuffrida has written that "Martial Rule comes into existence upon a
<p>Giuffrida has written that "Martial Rule comes into existence upon a
determination (not a declaration) by the senior military commander
that the civil government must be replaced because it is no longer
functioning anyway." He adds that "Martial Rule is limited only by the
principle of necessary force."</p>
<p>According to Reynolds, it is possible for the president to make
<p>According to Reynolds, it is possible for the president to make
declarations concerning a national emergency secretly in the form of a
Natioanl Security Decision Directive. Most such directives are
classified as so secret that Reynolds says "researchers don't even
know how many are enacted."</p>
<p>DOMESTIC SPYING</p>
<p>Throughout the 1980s, FEMA was prohibited from engaging in
<p>DOMESTIC SPYING</p>
<p>Throughout the 1980s, FEMA was prohibited from engaging in
intelligence gathering. But on July 6, 1989, Bush signed Executive
Order 12681, pronouncing that FEMA's National Preparedness Directorate
would "have as a primary function intelligence, counterintelligence,
investigative, or national security work." Recent events indicate that
domestic spying in response to the looming Middle East war is now
under way.</p>
<p>Reynolds reports that "the CIA is going to various campuses asking for
<p>Reynolds reports that "the CIA is going to various campuses asking for
information on Middle Eastern students. I'm sure that there are
intelligence organizations monitoring peace demonstrations."
According to the University of Connecticut student paper, the Daily
Campus, CIA officials have recently met there to discuss talking with
Middle Eastern students.</p>
<p>The New York Times reports that the FBI has ordered its agents around
<p>The New York Times reports that the FBI has ordered its agents around
the country to question Arab-American leaders and business people in
search of information on potential Iraqi "terrorist" attacks in
response to a Gulf war.</p>
<p>A 1986 Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) document entitled
<p>A 1986 Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) document entitled
"Alien Terrorists and Other Undesirables: A Contingency Plan" outlines
the potential round-up and incarceration in mass detainment camps of
U.S. residents who are citizens of "terrorist" countries, chiefly in
@ -187,22 +188,22 @@ refugees in the event of a U.S. invasion of the region. One of the 10
military bases established as detainment camps by REX-84 ALPHA, Camp
Krome, Fla., was designated a joint FEMA-Immigration service
interrogation center.</p>
<p>Recently, FEMA has been criticized in the media for inadequate
<p>Recently, FEMA has been criticized in the media for inadequate
response to the October, 1989 San Francisco earthquake. What the
mainstream press has failed to cover is the agency's planned role in
repressing domestic dissent in the event of an invasion abroad.</p>
<p>Source: The Guardian, Jan 16 1991</p>
<p>The Guardian is an independent radical news weekly. Subscriptions are
<p>Source: The Guardian, Jan 16 1991</p>
<p>The Guardian is an independent radical news weekly. Subscriptions are
available at $33.50 per year from The Guardian, 33 West 17th St., New
York, NY 10011</p>
<p>
<p>
----------------------------END:REF4------------------------------------
########################################################################
----------------------------REF5:NSDD 145-------------------------------</p>
<p>DATE OF UPLOAD: November 17, 1989
<p>DATE OF UPLOAD: November 17, 1989
ORIGIN OF UPLOAD: Omni Magazine
CONTRIBUTED BY: Donald Goldberg</p>
<p>========================================================
<p>========================================================
PARANET INFORMATION SERVICE BBS
========================================================
Although this article does not deal directly with UFOs,
@ -210,13 +211,13 @@ ParaNet felt it important as an offering to our readers who
depend so much upon communications as a way to stay informed.
This article raises some interesting implications for the future
of communications.</p>
<p>
<p>
THE NATIONAL GUARDS
(C) 1987 OMNI MAGAZINE MAY 1987
(Reprinted with permission and license to ParaNet Information
Service and its affiliates.)</p>
<p>By Donald Goldberg</p>
<p>The mountains bend as the fjord and the sea beyond stretch
<p>By Donald Goldberg</p>
<p>The mountains bend as the fjord and the sea beyond stretch
out before the viewer's eyes. First over the water, then a sharp
left turn, then a bank to the right between the peaks, and the
secret naval base unfolds upon the screen.
@ -272,7 +273,7 @@ Defense (DoD) officials have quietly implemented a number of
policies, decisions, and orders that give the military
unprecedented control over both the content and public use of
data and communications. For example:</p>
<p>**The Pentagon has created a new category of "sensitive" but
<p>**The Pentagon has created a new category of "sensitive" but
unclassified information that allows it to keep from public
access huge quantities of data that were once widely accessible.
**Defense Department officials have attempted to rewrite key laws
@ -640,4 +641,5 @@ mechanisms are already in place; and few barriers remain to
guarantee that what we hear, see, and read will come to us
courtesy of our being members of a free and open society and not
courtesy of the Pentagon.</p>
</div>
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<p> HELP BUNGLED AND DISORGANIZED</p>
<p> By Martin Mann and George Nicholas
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> HELP BUNGLED AND DISORGANIZED</p>
<p> By Martin Mann and George Nicholas
Exclusive to The SPOTLIGHT</p>
<p>Washington, DC -- One after another, two violent, cataclysmic disasters
<p>Washington, DC -- One after another, two violent, cataclysmic disasters
struck the United States in the fall of 1989. Hurricane Hugo roared
through the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico and the Carolinas in September.
Within weeks, northern California was shaken by the Loma Prieta earthquake
that left hundreds of thousands of victims and billions of dollars in
damage in its wake.</p>
<p> Having spent "over $25 billion on setting up FEMA," American taxpayers
<p> Having spent "over $25 billion on setting up FEMA," American taxpayers
were entitled to expect "quick and efficient help" from it in the face of
such shattering calamities. But the response by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) to these upheavals was "bungled" and
"disorganized," says Ray Groover, who reported on the hurricane for a San
Juan, Puerto Rico, newspaper and is now studying for a graduate degree in
journalism at Columbia University in New York.</p>
<p> Since the Disaster Relief Act of 1988, FEMA has been responsible for
<p> Since the Disaster Relief Act of 1988, FEMA has been responsible for
coordinating the "[disaster] preparedness, response and recovery actions of
state and local governments." Unable to live up to these responsibilities
during the 1989 crisis, the agency drew sharp criticism from the press and
from Congress, whose leaders assigned the General Accounting Office (GAO)
to conduct the first-ever detailed investigation of FEMA.</p>
<p> For a year, GAO field examiners interviewed hundreds of disaster
<p> For a year, GAO field examiners interviewed hundreds of disaster
victims, state and local relief workers, journalists and other witnesses.
The agency has assembled a 71-page report on U.S. relief operations.</p>
<p> WATCHDOG AGENCY RATES FEMA</p>
<p> Having obtained an advance copy of that survey, a team of SPOTLIGHT
<p> WATCHDOG AGENCY RATES FEMA</p>
<p> Having obtained an advance copy of that survey, a team of SPOTLIGHT
reporters found that the congressional watchdog agency rated FEMA's ability
to deal with natural disasters as being "inefficient," "weak" and
"dilatory."</p>
<p> Noting that "emergency management includes three phases:
<p> Noting that "emergency management includes three phases:
preparedness, response and recovery," GAO probers warned that FEMA failed
to operate "as efficiently as possible" in all these areas.</p>
<p> There was evidence of "inadequate planning ... inadequate or no
<p> There was evidence of "inadequate planning ... inadequate or no
standard operating procedures ... [and a] lack of coordination" wherever
FEMA's bureaucrats intervened, the GAO report concluded. Among the results
of these botched relief attempts were "delays in providing disaster
assistance and duplicate payments for some [of FEMA's] activities," the
congressional overseers discovered.</p>
<p> One example of FEMA's failure cited by the GAO survey team involved
<p> One example of FEMA's failure cited by the GAO survey team involved
4000 low-income units wholly destroyed in California's devastating October
1989 earthquake. "Thirteen months later, only 114 units had been processed
and approved for [rehabilitation] funding," the report reveals. Similarly,
10 months after Hurricane Hugo, most of the families left homeless "had not
yet been provided with housing assistance from FEMA."</p>
<p> DIRECTORS SHELL GAME</p>
<p> Warned that the GAO report will expose FEMA as incompetent and
<p> DIRECTORS SHELL GAME</p>
<p> Warned that the GAO report will expose FEMA as incompetent and
wasteful, President George Bush fired agency Director Julius Becton, an
elderly three-star general, whose principal qualifications for flag rank
was Henry Kissinger's wish to promote "minority" officers, Defense
Department sources say.</p>
<p> Becton was replace by Wallace Stickney, a former New Hampshire state
<p> Becton was replace by Wallace Stickney, a former New Hampshire state
official whose colorless and low-profile reputation is expected to dampen
the fireworks the GAO report might otherwise touch off about the inadequacy
of federal relief operations.</p>
<p> But simply shifting directors "does not answer the real question: If
<p> But simply shifting directors "does not answer the real question: If
[FEMA officials] seem uninterested and negligent when it comes to disaster
response, what are FEMA's thousands of bureaucrats working on?" asked
Groover.</p>
<p> The answer, a SPOTLIGHT investigation has found, is that FEMA's
<p> The answer, a SPOTLIGHT investigation has found, is that FEMA's
leadership is developing programs that will not merely "[ensure] the
continuity of the federal government in any national emergency-type
situation," as decreed by President Gerald Ford in Executive Order 11921,
but REPLACE the nation's Constitutional statecraft with a centralized
"command system."</p>
<p>Reproduced with permission from a special supplement to _The Spotlight_,
<p>Reproduced with permission from a special supplement to _The Spotlight_,
May 25, 1992. This text may be freely reproduced provided acknowledgement
to The Spotlight appears, including this address:</p>
<p> The SPOTLIGHT
<p> The SPOTLIGHT
300 Independence Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20003</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>FEVERFEW: A HERBAL REMEDY FOR MIGRAINE?</p>
<p>"Some of the world's most effective medicines began their
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>FEVERFEW: A HERBAL REMEDY FOR MIGRAINE?</p>
<p>"Some of the world's most effective medicines began their
careers as herbal remedies: digitalis came from foxglove, aspirin
from willow bark, and morphine from poppy blossoms. Potentially
the newest plant to cross over from folklore to mainstream
treatment is a member of the chyrsanthemum family known as common
feverfew or, botanically, Tanacetum parthenium.</p>
<p>"The name 'feverfew' indicates the belief, dating from the
<p>"The name 'feverfew' indicates the belief, dating from the
middle ages, that the herb was a good treatment for fever and
certain other ailments, including arthritis, psoriasis, and
headaches. In modern England, eating feverfew leaves has become
@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ feverfew. The typical users eats 1-4 fresh leaves a day. Food
is usually taken at the same time to mask the leaves' bitter
taste. Tablets and capsules containing dried feverfew have also
begun to appear in...health food store shelves.</p>
<p>"To evaluate the remedy, a group of British researchers
<p>"To evaluate the remedy, a group of British researchers
designed a controlled study. However, they did not feel free to
give feverfew to people who had never taken it, because the agent
has not gone through animal studies, as is appropriate before a
@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ been dosing themselves with feverfew for long periods of time as
a way to reduce migraine attacks. So, instead of setting up a
test in which the drug was GIVEN to subjects, investigators from
the clinic set up a test in which feverfew was TAKEN AWAY.</p>
<p>"The doctors identified patients who were dosing themselves
<p>"The doctors identified patients who were dosing themselves
with feverfew and asked them to participate in a study. During
the research period, the subjects would take their medication
either as freeze-dried herb or as a placebo (presented in
@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ because the frequency of headache and nausea virtually tripled,
and severity also increased markedly. These results support the
claim that a daily dose of something contained in feverfew may be
effective in preventing migraine attacks.</p>
<p>"The people studied had no serious ill effects while taking
<p>"The people studied had no serious ill effects while taking
feverfew, but that was to be expected, as they had been taking
the herb for some time. People who had tried the plaint and then
quit because they couldn't tolerate would have been excluded from
@ -51,10 +52,11 @@ this study. Feverfew is capable of producing rather marked
allergic reactions; some people who try it develop sores in the
mouth or, less commonly, a generalized inflammation of the mouth
and tongue.</p>
<p>This first test of the effectiveness of feverfew must be
<p>This first test of the effectiveness of feverfew must be
regarded as preliminary. It will no doubt lead to more thorough
testing, as it should. Even if feverfew pans out as preventive
medicine for migraine, it probably will not prove to be the
'answer.' But it may join the growing list of effective
treatments for a very unpleasant disorder."</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>FOREIGN POLICY AND FOREIGN WARS</p>
<p>By RICHARD M. EBELING</p>
<p>When the Founding Fathers wrote and then defended the case for
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>FOREIGN POLICY AND FOREIGN WARS</p>
<p>By RICHARD M. EBELING</p>
<p>When the Founding Fathers wrote and then defended the case for
passage of the Constitution in 1787-1788, they did so with a
strong belief in the natural rights of man, rights that Thomas
Jefferson had so eloquently expressed in the Declaration of
@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ Independence in 1776. But their idealism was tempered with
stark realism, based on historical knowledge and personal
experience, about both human nature and the nature of
governments.</p>
<p>The separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers
<p>The separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers
was considered essential if the human inclination toward
political abuse of power was to be prevented. "No political
truth is certainly of greater intrinsic value, or is stamped
@ -20,12 +21,12 @@ stated James Madison in The Federalist Papers, "than that
and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or
many, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may
justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny."</p>
<p>Division of power and responsibilities, therefore, was seen as
<p>Division of power and responsibilities, therefore, was seen as
an essential--though neither a perfect nor guaranteed--tool to
assure that the freedom and property of individuals would not
become political plunder to be devoured by either majorities
or minorities.</p>
<p>Issues concerning war and peace and individual liberty were of
<p>Issues concerning war and peace and individual liberty were of
deep concern to the Founding Fathers for the same reason. When
the matter came up at the convention as to which branch of
government would have the authority to "make war,"
@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ out of war than into it." And George Mason of Virginia also
was "against giving the power of war to the Executive, because
[he was] not safely to be trusted with it." Mason "was for
clogging rather than facilitating war."</p>
<p>Thus, in the final, ratified Constitution, the Congress, in
<p>Thus, in the final, ratified Constitution, the Congress, in
Article I, Section 8, was given the sole authority, "To
Declare War," while the President, in Article II, Section 2,
was made "Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the
@ -51,24 +52,24 @@ authority over the military was established, with
Constitutionally divided power over its application in war:
Congress declared war, and the President oversaw its
execution.</p>
<p>The Founding Fathers possessed no misconceptions about the
<p>The Founding Fathers possessed no misconceptions about the
potentially aggressive nature of governments toward their
neighbors. John Jay, in The Federalist Papers, insightfully
enumerated the various motives, rationales and passions that
had led nations down the road to war through the ages.</p>
<p>But neither did they have any illusions that Americans could
<p>But neither did they have any illusions that Americans could
be any less susceptible to similar motives and passions. The
Constitution, through a division of powers, was meant to put
procedural hurdles and delays in the way before the passions
of the moment could result in declarations of war and the
initiation of hostilities against other nations.</p>
<p>Yet, in spite of these Constitutional restraints, the United
<p>Yet, in spite of these Constitutional restraints, the United
States has participated in four foreign wars in the 20th
century--two World Wars, the Korean "police action" and the
Vietnam conflict--and in three of these, the United States was
neither directly attacked nor threatened by a foreign enemy.
Why, then, did we intervene?</p>
<p>The answer lies in the ideology of the welfare state. First in
<p>The answer lies in the ideology of the welfare state. First in
the years preceding World War I, and then again in the 1930s,
American intellectuals and politicians undertook grand
experiments in social engineering. The Progressive Era of
@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ implementation of the politics of government intervention and
economic regulation. It was the duty and responsibility of the
state to manage, oversee and control the social and economic
affairs of the citizenry.</p>
<p>The social engineers believed that people left alone to manage
<p>The social engineers believed that people left alone to manage
their own affairs invariably went astray, with the result
being poverty, economic exploitation and social decay.
Enlightened leadership, under wise government, would provide
@ -87,14 +88,14 @@ that the governmental policy-makers knew, in their hearts,
that they had the knowledge and expertise to provide. The
good wanted state power so they could benefit their fellow
men.</p>
<p>And what was good for Americans at home, surely would be no
<p>And what was good for Americans at home, surely would be no
less beneficial for the masses of people across the oceans.
Was not Europe a caldron of political intrigue and corruption?
Were not the people of Asia, Africa and Latin America
suffering in squalor and ignorance, the victims of tribal
despots and imperialist exploitors--easy prey to that even
greater threat of communist propaganda and revolution?</p>
<p>America's first crusade was in 1917, when Woodrow Wilson,
<p>America's first crusade was in 1917, when Woodrow Wilson,
insisting that the United States had the moral duty to take
the lead and "make the world safe for democracy," had asked
for, and got, a declaration of war from Congress. Americans,
@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ when instead of democracy, they saw that all that came out of
our participation in that noble crusade had been communism in
Russia, fascism in Italy, Nazism in Germany and imperialist
spoils for the victorious European allies.</p>
<p>But World War II seemed to offer the opportunity for a second
<p>But World War II seemed to offer the opportunity for a second
chance. The American "arsenal of democracy" would free the
world of Hitler and Imperial Japan and then pursue an
international course of permanent foreign intervention to
@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ create "a better world." What the world got was the Cold War,
with the Soviet Union gaining an Eastern European empire, and
with China being lost behind what became known as the
communist "Bamboo Curtain."</p>
<p>America's rewards were global commitments that required
<p>America's rewards were global commitments that required
hundreds of thousands of American soldiers permanently
stationed in Europe; two bloody wars in Asia that cost the
lives of over a hundred thousand Americans; a huge defense
@ -125,12 +126,12 @@ in his book, Freedom and Federalism, in the heyday of
Keynesian economics in the 1950s and 1960s, defense spending
became a tool for "priming the pump" and guaranteeing "full
employment" through government expenditures.</p>
<p>But communism is now dying under the weight of its own
<p>But communism is now dying under the weight of its own
political corruption and economic failures. And the European
and Asian countries that benefited from decades of being on
the American defense and foreign aid dole have decided they
want to grow up and manage their own affairs.</p>
<p>But rather than be delighted that the Cold War Welfare State
<p>But rather than be delighted that the Cold War Welfare State
can finally be ended, American political and foreign policy
makers are petrified. The global social engineers in
Washington are suddenly faced with a world that doesn't want
@ -140,13 +141,13 @@ America in Europe," maintain Washington's political control
and influence over international affairs and guarantee that
America will remain "in harm's way," potentially drawn into
numerous controversies and conflicts around the world.</p>
<p>If it is undesirable for the United States government to
<p>If it is undesirable for the United States government to
intervene in the economic and social affairs of its citizenry
--as the advocate of individual freedom steadfastly believes
--then it is equally undesirable for the United States
government to intervene in the internal affairs of other
nations, or the conflicts that sometimes arise among nations.</p>
<p>The first duty of the American government is to protect the
<p>The first duty of the American government is to protect the
life, liberty and property of the citizens of the United
States from foreign aggressors. Once a government sets itself
the task of trying to rectify the errors and choices of its
@ -154,20 +155,20 @@ own citizens, it soon begins sliding down a slippery slope in
which the end result is state supervision and regulation of
all of its citizens' activities, and all in the name of a
higher "social good."</p>
<p>Just as our neighbors often do things of which we do not
<p>Just as our neighbors often do things of which we do not
approve, or which we do not consider good or wise, so do other
nations. But to follow the path of attempting to set the world
straight can lead to nothing but perpetual intervention and
war in the name of world peace and global welfare. And these
have been precisely the results of America's global crusade to
save the world since 1945.</p>
<p>The end of communism, and the economic growth of Europe and
<p>The end of communism, and the economic growth of Europe and
Asia, give us a new opportunity to foreswear the global
welfare state, free ourselves from foreign political and
military entanglements, and follow George Washington's wise
advice of free commercial relationships with all, but foreign
alliances and intrigues with none.</p>
<p>Professor Ebeling is the Ludwig von Mises Professor of
<p>Professor Ebeling is the Ludwig von Mises Professor of
Economics at Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, Michigan, and also
serves as vice-president of academic affairs of The Future of
Freedom Foundation, P.O. Box 9752, Denver, CO 80209.
@ -179,4 +180,5 @@ PO Box 9752, Denver, Colorado 80209, 303-777-3588.
Permission granted to reprint; please give appropriate credit
and send one copy of reprinted material to the Foundation.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>FOIA FILES KIT - INSTRUCTIONS</p>
<p>USING THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>FOIA FILES KIT - INSTRUCTIONS</p>
<p>USING THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT
REVISED EDITION
Fund for Open Information and Accountability, Inc.
339 Lafayette Street, New York, NY 10012
(212) 477-3188</p>
<p>INSTRUCTIONS</p>
<p> The Freedom of Information Act entitles you to request any
<p>INSTRUCTIONS</p>
<p> The Freedom of Information Act entitles you to request any
record maintained by a federal Executive branch agency. The
agency must release the requested matieral unless it falls into
one of nine exempt categores, such as "national security,"
@ -17,8 +18,8 @@ records.
This kit contains all the material needed to make FOIA
requests for records on an individual, an orgnaization or on a
particular subject matter or event.</p>
<p>HOW TO MAKE A COMPLETE REQUEST</p>
<p> Step 1: Select the appropriate smaple letter. Fill in the
<p>HOW TO MAKE A COMPLETE REQUEST</p>
<p> Step 1: Select the appropriate smaple letter. Fill in the
blanks in the body of the letter. Read the directions printed to
the right of each letter in conjunction with the following
instructions:
@ -57,8 +58,8 @@ matter/event.
Address each letter to the FOIA/PA office of the appropraite
agency. Be sure to make clearly on the envelope: ATTENTION--FOIA
REQUEST.</p>
<p>FEE WAIVER</p>
<p> You will notice that the sample letters include a request
<p>FEE WAIVER</p>
<p> You will notice that the sample letters include a request
for fee waiver. Many agencies automatically waive fees if a
request results in the release of only a small number of
documents, e.g. 250 pages or less. Under the Act, you are
@ -82,8 +83,8 @@ the information you are seeking will benefit the public. If your
request for a waiver is denied, you should appeal that denial,
citing the ways in which your request meets the standards set out
above.</p>
<p>MONITORING THE PROGRESS OF YOUR REQUEST</p>
<p> Customarily, you will receive a letter from each agency
<p>MONITORING THE PROGRESS OF YOUR REQUEST</p>
<p> Customarily, you will receive a letter from each agency
within 10 days stating that your request has been received and is
being processed. You may be asked to be patient and told that
requests are handled cafeteria style. You have no alternative but
@ -106,9 +107,9 @@ hand for the various tasks: phone consultations, writing the
newsletter, correspondence, articles, preparation for media
appearances, congressional testimony or litigation, if that
course is adopted.</p>
<p>HOW TO MAKE SURE YOU GET EVERYTHING YOU ARE ENTITLED TO ...
<p>HOW TO MAKE SURE YOU GET EVERYTHING YOU ARE ENTITLED TO ...
AND WHAT TO DO IF YOU DO NOT</p>
<p> After each agency has searched and processed your request,
<p> After each agency has searched and processed your request,
you will receive a letter that announces the outcome, encloses
the released documents, if any, and explains where to direct an
appeal if any material has been withheld. There are four possible
@ -146,8 +147,8 @@ the files of the agency claiming it has none. For example, look
for correspondence, or references to correspondence, to or from
that agency. If you determine that there are reasonable grounds,
file an administrative appeal (see instructions below).</p>
<p>HOW TO CHECK FOR COMPLETENESS</p>
<p> Step 1: Before reading the documents, turn them over and
<p>HOW TO CHECK FOR COMPLETENESS</p>
<p> Step 1: Before reading the documents, turn them over and
number the back of each page sequentilaly. The packet may contain
documents from the agency's headquarters as well as several field
office files. Separate the documents into their respective office
@ -203,8 +204,8 @@ Finally, any other file numbers that appear on the document
should be noted, particularaly in the subject of the file is of
interest and is one you have not requested. You may want to make
an additional request for some of these files.</p>
<p>HOW TO MAKE AN ADMINISTRATIVE APPEAL</p>
<p> Under the FOIA, a dissatified requester has the right of
<p>HOW TO MAKE AN ADMINISTRATIVE APPEAL</p>
<p> Under the FOIA, a dissatified requester has the right of
administrative appeal. the name and address of the proper appeal
office will be given to you by each agency in its final response
letter.
@ -220,12 +221,12 @@ reviewed.
If you are still dissatisfied after the administrative
appeal process, the FOIA gives you the right to bring a lawsuit
in federal district court on an expedited basis.</p>
<p>SAMPLE FBI REQUEST LETTER</p>
<p>Date:</p>
<p>To: FOIA/PA Unit
<p>SAMPLE FBI REQUEST LETTER</p>
<p>Date:</p>
<p>To: FOIA/PA Unit
Federal Bureau of Investigation</p>
<p> This is a request under the Freedom of Information Act.</p>
<p> I request a complete and thorough search of all filing
<p> This is a request under the Freedom of Information Act.</p>
<p> I request a complete and thorough search of all filing
systems and locations for all records maintained by your agency
pertaining to and/or captioned: ______
_____________________________________________________
@ -233,16 +234,16 @@ _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
formal name]
_____________________________________________________</p>
<p>_____________________________________________________</p>
<p>including, without limitations, files and documents captioned, or
<p>_____________________________________________________</p>
<p>including, without limitations, files and documents captioned, or
whose captions include</p>
<p>_____________________________________________________
<p>_____________________________________________________
[insert changes in name, commonly used names,
_____________________________________________________
acronyms, sub-groups, and the like]
_____________________________________________________</p>
<p>_____________________________________________________</p>
<p> This request specifically includes "main" files and "see
<p>_____________________________________________________</p>
<p> This request specifically includes "main" files and "see
references," including, but not limited to numbered and lettered
sub files, "DO NOT FILE" files, and control files. I also request
a search of the ELSUR Index,a nd the COINTELPRO Index. I request
@ -290,16 +291,16 @@ rather than write if there are any questions or if you need
additional information from me.
I expect a response to this request within ten (10) working
days, as provided for in the Freedom of Information Act.</p>
<p>Sincerely,</p>
<p>name: _______________________________________________</p>
<p>address: ____________________________________________</p>
<p> ____________________________________________</p>
<p>telephone: __________________________________________</p>
<p>signature: __________________________________________</p>
<p>SAMPLE AGENCY REQUEST LETTER</p>
<p>DATE:
<p>Sincerely,</p>
<p>name: _______________________________________________</p>
<p>address: ____________________________________________</p>
<p> ____________________________________________</p>
<p>telephone: __________________________________________</p>
<p>signature: __________________________________________</p>
<p>SAMPLE AGENCY REQUEST LETTER</p>
<p>DATE:
TO: FOIA/PA Unit</p>
<p> This is a request under the Freedom of Information Act.
<p> This is a request under the Freedom of Information Act.
I request a complete and thorough search of all filing
systems and locations for all records maintained by your agency
pertaining to and/or captioned
@ -308,16 +309,16 @@ ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
formal name]
______________________________________________________</p>
<p>______________________________________________________</p>
<p>including, without limitation, files and documents captioned, or
<p>______________________________________________________</p>
<p>including, without limitation, files and documents captioned, or
whose captions include:</p>
<p>______________________________________________________
<p>______________________________________________________
[insert changes in name, commonly used names,
______________________________________________________
acronyms, sub-groups and the like]
______________________________________________________</p>
<p>______________________________________________________</p>
<p> I also request all "see references" to these names, a search
<p>______________________________________________________</p>
<p> I also request all "see references" to these names, a search
of the ELSUR Index or any similar technique for locating records
of electronic surveillance.
This request is also a request for any corresponding files
@ -356,14 +357,14 @@ rather than write if there are any questions or if you need
additional information from me.
I expect a response to this request within ten (10) working
days, as provided for in the Freedom of Information Act.</p>
<p>Sincerely,</p>
<p>name: _______________________________________________</p>
<p>address: ____________________________________________</p>
<p> ____________________________________________</p>
<p>telephone: (___)_______________________________________</p>
<p>signature: __________________________________________</p>
<p>SAMPLE ADMINISTRATIVE APPEAL LETTER</p>
<p>Date:
<p>Sincerely,</p>
<p>name: _______________________________________________</p>
<p>address: ____________________________________________</p>
<p> ____________________________________________</p>
<p>telephone: (___)_______________________________________</p>
<p>signature: __________________________________________</p>
<p>SAMPLE ADMINISTRATIVE APPEAL LETTER</p>
<p>Date:
To: FOIA/PA Appeals Office
RE: Request numer [Add this if the agency has given your request
a number]
@ -431,17 +432,17 @@ the material withheld is properly exempt, I intend to initial a
lawsuit to compel its disclosure. [You can say that you intend to
sue, if that is your present inclination; you may still decide
ultimately not to file suit.]</p>
<p>Sincerely yours,</p>
<p>name: ____________________________________________</p>
<p>address: ____________________________________________</p>
<p> ____________________________________________</p>
<p>signature: ___________________________________________</p>
<p>[Mark clearly on envelope: Attention: Freedom of Information
<p>Sincerely yours,</p>
<p>name: ____________________________________________</p>
<p>address: ____________________________________________</p>
<p> ____________________________________________</p>
<p>signature: ___________________________________________</p>
<p>[Mark clearly on envelope: Attention: Freedom of Information
Appeals]</p>
<p>FBI ADDRESSES AND PHONE NUMBERS</p>
<p>FBI Headquarters, J. Edgar Hoover Bldg, Washington, D.C., 20535,
<p>FBI ADDRESSES AND PHONE NUMBERS</p>
<p>FBI Headquarters, J. Edgar Hoover Bldg, Washington, D.C., 20535,
202-324-5520 (FOI/PA Unit)</p>
<p>Field Offices
<p>Field Offices
Albany, NY 12207, U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, 518-465-7551
Albuquerque, NM 87101, Federal Office Bldg., 505-247-1555
Alexandria, VA 22314, 300 N. Lee St., 703-683-2681
@ -500,31 +501,31 @@ Seattle, WA 98174, 915 2nd Ave., 206-622-0460
Springfield, IL 62702, 535 W. Jefferson St., 217-522-9675
Tampa, FL 33602, Federal Office Bldg., 813-228-7661
Washington, DC 20535, 9th and Pennsylvania Ave. NW, 202-324-3000</p>
<p>FEDERAL AGENCIES (SELECTED ADDRESSES)</p>
<p>Central Intelligence Agency
<p>FEDERAL AGENCIES (SELECTED ADDRESSES)</p>
<p>Central Intelligence Agency
Information and Privacy Coordinator
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C. 20505
202-351-5659</p>
<p>Civil Service Commission
<p>Civil Service Commission
Appropriate Bureau (Bureau of Personnel Investigation,
Bureau of Personnel Information Systems, etc.)
Civil Service Commission
1900 E Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20415
202-632-4431</p>
<p>Commission on Civil Rights
<p>Commission on Civil Rights
General Counsel, U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
1121 Vermont Ae., N.W. Room 600
Washington, D.C. 20415
202-254-6610</p>
<p>Consumer Product Safety Commission
<p>Consumer Product Safety Commission
Office of the Secretary
Consumer Product Safety Commission
1111 18th St., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20207
202-624-7700</p>
<p>Department of Defense/Dept. of Air Force
<p>Department of Defense/Dept. of Air Force
Freedom of Information Manager
Headquarters, USAF/DADF
Washington, D.C. 20330-5025
@ -533,4 +534,5 @@ Washington, D.C. 20330-5025
</p>
</div>
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@ -1,60 +1,61 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> 24 page printout, page 1 to 23+note of 322</p>
<p> Reproducible Electronic Publishing can defeat censorship.</p>
<p> This file, its printout, or copies of either
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> 24 page printout, page 1 to 23+note of 322</p>
<p> Reproducible Electronic Publishing can defeat censorship.</p>
<p> This file, its printout, or copies of either
are to be copied and given away, but NOT sold.</p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
<p> Bank of Wisdom
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
**** ****</p>
<p> FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p> A Documented Record of the Foundations of the
<p> FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p> A Documented Record of the Foundations of the
Christian Religion</p>
<p> by
<p> by
Joseph Wheless</p>
<p> Lately Major, Judge Advocate, U.S.A.; Associate Editor
<p> Lately Major, Judge Advocate, U.S.A.; Associate Editor
(in section of comparative Law) of American Bar
Association Journal; Life Member of American
Law Institute; etc.
**** ****</p>
<p> Dedicated
<p> Dedicated
In grateful appreciation</p>
<p> TO
<p> TO
Henry L. Mencken
Dean of American Letters and Critics
Theologian Emeritus of
a Treaties on the Gods</p>
<p> Published by
<p> Published by
"PSYCHIANA"
Moscow, Idaho</p>
<p> Copyright 1930
<p> Copyright 1930
**** ****
FOREWORD</p>
<p> THE DISEASE AND THE CURE</p>
<p> "ALL TRUTH is safe, and nothing else is
<p> THE DISEASE AND THE CURE</p>
<p> "ALL TRUTH is safe, and nothing else is
safe; and he who keeps back the truth, or
withholds it from men, from motives of expediency, is either a coward or a criminal, or
both."
MAX MULLER,
The Science of Religion, p. 11.</p>
<p> "The time has come for honest men to denounce
<p> "The time has come for honest men to denounce
false teachers and attack false gods."
Luther Burbank</p>
<p> MAN IS A RELIGIOUS ANIMAL -- is incurably religious," are
<p> MAN IS A RELIGIOUS ANIMAL -- is incurably religious," are
commonplaces of clerical rhetoric. The priestly "Doctors of
Divinity" who unctuously utter these pious -- and apocryphal --
platitudes -- fathered by the wish, -- urge the incurable state of
mind -- the religious neurosis of their patients in proof of the </p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
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<p>divinely ordered nature of the malady, as patent of the necessity
<p>divinely ordered nature of the malady, as patent of the necessity
and importance of their "sacred science" of soul-cure, and the
divine warrant for their continuance in perpetuity in their
practice upon otherwise damned humanity.</p>
<p> It is the ghostly Doctors themselves, however, who by their
<p> It is the ghostly Doctors themselves, however, who by their
quackeries have created the fiction of the disease, and who
purposely keep the patient opiated and on the crutches of Faith, in
order to "make their calling and election sure," and to perpetuate
@ -75,8 +76,8 @@ largest lake in Hell is formed by the blood which the followers of
the 'Prince of Peace' have shed in advancing his cause," -- and
their selfish own, -- as we shall abundantly see in the following
pages.</p>
<p> FAITH IN A FATAL DECLINE</p>
<p> Howbeit, their pulpits and their press are lugubriously vocal
<p> FAITH IN A FATAL DECLINE</p>
<p> Howbeit, their pulpits and their press are lugubriously vocal
with Jeremiads bewailing the ever-swelling tide of Unbelief in the
land, -- throughout Christendom. The Church statistics, notoriously
padded after the Biblical model of the Censuses in the Wilderness,
@ -105,18 +106,18 @@ classes." (N.Y. Herald-Tribune, Jan. 31, 1930.) A curious
confession of likely cause and effect, -- in the mental calibre of
the credent -- is stated by the Reverend publicity counsel of a
[viii] national Church: "All sermons should be keyed to the </p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
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<p>mentality of a fifteen-year-old youth. ... Half the people of the
<p>mentality of a fifteen-year-old youth. ... Half the people of the
United States have the mentality of a fifteen-year-old youth. Most
church-goers enjoyed the 'children's sermon' more than the one on
religious philosophy. ... The average man can carry only one idea
at a time." (Herald-Tribune, Jan. 28, 1930.) -- Verily, "Of such is
the Kingdom of Heaven."</p>
<p> All Fools' Day seems to be a sort of New Year's for
<p> All Fools' Day seems to be a sort of New Year's for
ecclesiastical statistics and general stock-taking of the faithful:
annually at that time the very religious Christian Herald publishes
its collect of figures on Church membership; the Catholic Directory
@ -167,12 +168,12 @@ New York: if each had the exaggerated membership of 1000, -- let
the reader do his own figuring and note the result. And foreign
immigration of the Faithful has been sadly curtailed of late by
law.</p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
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<p> The true significance to the Church of the great slump in its
<p> The true significance to the Church of the great slump in its
membership -- and hence revenues, is crudely "given away" by the
Very Rev. Episcopal Bishop of Long Island, lamenting like
conditions in his Diocese: "The growth of population during the
@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ world-wide in scope, to unsettle Christian ideals and Christian
institutions, both in Russia and elsewhere" (Ib. May 13, 1930); --
which, judging by the age-old gigantic failure of both -- as herein
we shall see, -- is not so much to be wondered.</p>
<p> So far as Russia is concerned -- (and the fact and the reason
<p> So far as Russia is concerned -- (and the fact and the reason
for it apply as well to every other "Christian" country), -- the
reason is truly stated by the pious Editor of Atlantis in a
Jeremiad of confession before the Institute of Citizenship just
@ -225,12 +226,12 @@ precisely so that the olden Pagan sneer at the early Christians is
perfectly befitting their successors today: "There is no wild beast
so ferocious as Christians who differ concerning their faith."
(Lecky, Rationalism in Europe, ii, 31.)</p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
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<p> To conclude this review of pregnant figures and confessions,
<p> To conclude this review of pregnant figures and confessions,
two luminous revelations are in one day made of cause and effect.
Says the eminent Rev. President of the National Bible Institute:
"... because the Bible has ceased to have authority either in the
@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ may eat it; or thou mayst sell it unto an alien"! (Deut. xiv, 21.)
So the dead cats of Faith are flung out of the sanctuary as unfit
for the Knowing, but are peddled to the ignorant heathen for
whatever the refuse may bring of clerical revenue.</p>
<p> Like conditions exist in all priest-ridden lands. The Rt. Rev.
<p> Like conditions exist in all priest-ridden lands. The Rt. Rev.
Archbishop of Canterbury in his call for the decennial Lambeth
Conference for 1930, at which over sixty of the Episcopal bishops
of this country are to attend, sounds a fateful monition: "The new
@ -266,13 +267,13 @@ of England has lapsed into semi-heathenism; ... our half-filled
churches." (Herald-Tribune, April 20, 1930.) Such creed-searchings
and churchly lamentations over their moribund condition may be
multiplied into volumes.</p>
<p> Some potent cure thus seems to be at work. This curative
<p> Some potent cure thus seems to be at work. This curative
specific is simply increasing popular knowledge: "Know the truth
and the truth shall make you free," is the Golden Recipe for the
religious disorder. What Cicero said of the Pythian Oracles may as
truly be applied to every form of priestcraft: "When men began to
be less credulous, their power vanished."</p>
<p> Day by day, as knowledge increaseth and spreads amongst the
<p> Day by day, as knowledge increaseth and spreads amongst the
people in the pews as well as among the parsons, does it become
more difficult and embarrassing for the pulpiteers to "put over"
their tales of myth and magic to the hearers of the Word. Even the
@ -284,12 +285,12 @@ educator, Dr. Reinold Niebuhr, professor of Christian Ethics in
that hotbed of every heresy, the Union Theological Seminary, in his
textbook suggestively entitled 'Leaves from the Notebook of a Tamed
Cynic,' makes this confession of recognized Dishonesty in the mass </p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
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<p>of clerical teaching and preaching: "As a teacher your only
<p>of clerical teaching and preaching: "As a teacher your only
interest is to discover the truth. 'As a preacher you must conserve
other interest besides the truth.' It is your business to deal
circumspectly with the whole religious inheritance lest the virtues
@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ circumspectly with the whole religious inheritance lest the virtues
iconoclasm. That is a formidable task and a harassing one; for one
can never be quite sure where pedagogical caution ends AND
DISHONESTY BEGINS"! (Quoted by Alva Johnston in N.Y. Herald Tribune, March 8, 1930.)</p>
<p> The great Church Father, Bishop St. Augustine (of whom more
<p> The great Church Father, Bishop St. Augustine (of whom more
hereafter), was wise to the psychology of -- at least -- Pagan
religion -- the mode of its incipience and the manner of its age-long persistence. The priests and the priest-taught, he tells,
instilled the virus of superstition into their victims when "small
@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ traditions of their ancestors, drinking in this superstition with
their mother's milk." (Augustine, City of God, xxii, 6.) Thinks one
that this cunning modus operandi is confined only to Pagan
priestcrafts and superstitions?</p>
<p> If, instead of the saintly Doctors of Hebrew-Christian
<p> If, instead of the saintly Doctors of Hebrew-Christian
Divinity, injecting their saving "opiate of the people" into the
cradled babes of Christ, it were the abhorred Doctors of Mohammedan
or Mormon Divinity who got to the cradles first, -- those infant
@ -320,34 +321,34 @@ could all the Christian purges for Sin and pills for Salvation of
Soul, later administered, serve for effective catharsis of the
venom of those Christianly-hated "superstitions, drunk in with
their mother's milk."</p>
<p> This truth is strikingly stated in an eloquent period by
<p> This truth is strikingly stated in an eloquent period by
Ingersoll, and stunningly confirmed and confessed by the syndicated
Prophet of Protestantism below to be quoted. The former opens his
classic Why I Am an Agnostic, with these trenchant words:</p>
<p> "For the most part we inherit our opinions. We are the heirs
<p> "For the most part we inherit our opinions. We are the heirs
of habits and mental customs. Our beliefs, like the fashions of our
garments, depend on where we were born. We are molded and fashioned
by our surroundings. Environment is a sculptor -- a painter.</p>
<p> "If we had been born in Constantinople, the most of us would
<p> "If we had been born in Constantinople, the most of us would
have said: 'There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his
prophet.' If our parents had lived on the banks of the Ganges, we
would have been worshippers of Siva, longing for the heaven of
Nirvana.</p>
<p> "As a rule, children love their parents, believe what they
<p> "As a rule, children love their parents, believe what they
teach, and take great pride in saying that the religion of mother
is good enough for them. ...</p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
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FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p> "The Scotch are Calvinists because their fathers were. The
<p> "The Scotch are Calvinists because their fathers were. The
Irish are Catholics because their fathers were. The English are
Episcopalians because their fathers were, and the Americans are
divided into a hundred sects because their fathers were. ...
Children are sometimes superior to their parents, modify their
ideas, change their customs, and arrive at different conclusions."</p>
<p> The truth thus uttered by the great Agnostic finds its
<p> The truth thus uttered by the great Agnostic finds its
confirmation curiously wrung from the lips of the Bellwether of
would-be "reconciliationists" of primitive Superstition and modern
Science. In a metropolitan newspaper carrying his syndicated "Daily
@ -375,7 +376,7 @@ Creed; it is the virus of the superstition-germ first injected
which infects the credulity-center of the brain and colors too-oft
through life the whole concept of "religious truth" in the mind of
the patient.</p>
<p> The psychology of the priestly maxim -- "Disce primum quod
<p> The psychology of the priestly maxim -- "Disce primum quod
credendum est -- Learn first what is to be believed," and the
persistent virulence of the virus thus injected, is aptly signified
by the Rev. Wenner, 83-year old Bellwether of Lutheranism in
@ -386,7 +387,7 @@ stable nature of the religious education we give the youth of our
sect. From the age of six onward we instruct them in the tenets of
our faith, and they usually abide." (N.Y. Herald-Tribune, Oct. 10,
1929.)</p>
<p> The predilect precept of the Doctors of every brand of
<p> The predilect precept of the Doctors of every brand of
Divinely forever is: "Catch 'em in the cradle, and get 'em
inoculated before they know." In the bib and rattle period, the
childish brain is a soft, clean surface, "soft as wax to be molded
@ -395,12 +396,12 @@ whatever is first impressed or imposed upon it: true religion or
false, Christ or Crishna or Santa Claus, Holy Ghost or the ghosts
of Afric superstition. "Give us a child until it is seven, and
we've got it cinched for life," is the ghoulish axiom of all the </p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
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FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>Faiths: "Suffer little children to come unto me, for of such is the
<p>Faiths: "Suffer little children to come unto me, for of such is the
Kingdom of Heaven," -- as of the heathen Nirvana. How godly a work
is it to sear the thoughtless child mind with the brand of Faith;
how infamous and damnable to offer to the "immature" and inept
@ -452,15 +453,15 @@ prayer-assault on High Heaven is made, to counsel God what he ought
to do to the Russians for their "godless" efforts to save the
children of that Church-cursed land from the superstitions of
priestcraft.</p>
<p> In an ironical letter to the English press, in which he
<p> In an ironical letter to the English press, in which he
"enters the lists against the British critics of Moscow's anti-clerical policy," George Bernard Shaw, writing under a transparent
Russian pseudonym, says: "In Russia we take religious questions </p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
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FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>very seriously. We protect our children very carefully against
<p>very seriously. We protect our children very carefully against
proselytizers of our fantastic sects until they are old enough to
make up their own minds. To us, it is inconceivable that a
government would tolerate the inculcation upon helpless children of
@ -476,7 +477,7 @@ England is filling its temples with traders, persecuting its
clergy, and bringing up children to be scoffers to whom religion
means nothing but hypocrisy and humbug." (Herald-Tribune, April 7,
1930.)</p>
<p> Thus the Church enchains the Reason. The proudest boast today
<p> Thus the Church enchains the Reason. The proudest boast today
of the Church for its ex-Pagan Saint Augustine, is that: "as soon
as a contradiction -- [between his "philosophy" and his religious
doctrines] -- arises, he never hesitates to subordinate his
@ -485,7 +486,7 @@ this great ex-Pagan Saint of the Church surrenders his reason to
faith, and avers: "I would not believe the Gospels to be true,
unless the authority of the Catholic Church constrained me"!
(Augustine, De Genesi.)</p>
<p> Ingersoll, in one of his glowing, devastating periods of
<p> Ingersoll, in one of his glowing, devastating periods of
oratory, said: "Somebody ought to tell the truth about the Bible!"
That I have already essayed quite comprehensively to do. In my
recent work, Is It God's Word? (Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York,
@ -495,7 +496,7 @@ Impostures of Theology," as my thesis is defined in my sub-title.
"A farrago of palpable nonsense," in the words of the Dean of
American critics, is about all that remains of Holy Writ as the
pretended "Word of God," as the result of that searching analysis.</p>
<p> That study was limited, in most part, to the sacred texts for
<p> That study was limited, in most part, to the sacred texts for
the internal evidences, which themselves so abundantly afford, of
their own falsity and primitive-minded fatuity. On the other phase
of inquiry I there limited myself to the suggestive remark: "The
@ -503,7 +504,7 @@ gospels are all priestly forgeries over a century after their
pretended dates" (p. 279; cf. p. 400), purposing then to complement
the work by this sequel or companion volume, treating the frauds
and forgeries of religion and the Church.</p>
<p> Taking up now more particularly the second phase of my
<p> Taking up now more particularly the second phase of my
subject, I here propose to treat of the inveterate forgeries,
frauds, impostures, and mendacities of Priestcraft and its
Theology. I shall be explicit and plain spoken, and unmistakably
@ -512,40 +513,40 @@ priestcraft of Christendom, for purposes of domination by fear and
greedy exploitation through imposture upon credulity, has consigned
to earthly fire and sword, and to eternal damnation all who dared
to dissent or to protest; the priestly word "miscreant," </p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
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FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>misbeliever, has become the synonym for everything foul and
<p>misbeliever, has become the synonym for everything foul and
criminal in human nature. The day of reckoning and of repudiation
is at hand; Priestcraft has here its destroying answer, in very
plain and unafraid words.</p>
<p> This book is a grave indictment, impossible to be made or to
<p> This book is a grave indictment, impossible to be made or to
be credited unless supported at every point by incontrovertible
facts. These I promise to produce and array in due and devastating
order.</p>
<p> THE INDICTMENT</p>
<p> I charge, and purpose to prove, from unimpeachable texts and
<p> THE INDICTMENT</p>
<p> I charge, and purpose to prove, from unimpeachable texts and
historical records, and by authoritative clerical confessions,
beyond the possibility of denial, evasion, or refutation:</p>
<p> 1. That the Bible, in its every Book, and in the strictest
<p> 1. That the Bible, in its every Book, and in the strictest
legal and moral sense, is a huge forgery.</p>
<p> 2. That every Book of the New Testament is a forgery of the
<p> 2. That every Book of the New Testament is a forgery of the
Christian Church; and every significant passage in those Books, on
which the fabric of the Church and its principal Dogmas are
founded, is a further and conscious later forgery, wrought with
definite fraudulent intent.</p>
<p> 3. Especially, and specifically, that the "famous Petrine
<p> 3. Especially, and specifically, that the "famous Petrine
text" -- "Upon this Rock I will build my church" -- the cornerstone
of the gigantic fabric of imposture, -- and the other, "Go, teach
all nations," -- were never uttered by the Jew Jesus, but are
palpable and easily proven late Church forgeries.</p>
<p> 4. That the Christian Church, from its inception in the first
<p> 4. That the Christian Church, from its inception in the first
little Jewish-Christian religious societies until it reached the
apex of its temporal glory and moral degradation, was a vast and
tireless Forgery-mill.</p>
<p> 5. That the Church was founded upon, and through the Dark Ages
<p> 5. That the Church was founded upon, and through the Dark Ages
of Faith has battened on -- (yet languishes decadently upon) --
monumental and petty forgeries and pious frauds, possible only
because of its own shameless mendacity and through the crass
@ -553,28 +554,28 @@ ignorance and superstition of the sodden masses of its deluded
votaries, purposely kept in that base condition for purposes of
ecclesiastical graft and aggrandizement through conscious and most
unconscionable imposture.</p>
<p> 6. That every conceivable form of religious lie, fraud and
<p> 6. That every conceivable form of religious lie, fraud and
imposture has ever been the work of Priests; and through all the
history of the Christian Church, as through all human history, has
been -- and, so far as they have not been shamed out of it by
skeptical ridicule and exposure, yet is, the age-long stock in
trade and sole means of existence of the priests and ministers of
all the religions.</p>
<p> 7. That the clerical mind, which "reasons in chains," is, from
<p> 7. That the clerical mind, which "reasons in chains," is, from
its vicious and vacuous "education," and the special selfish
interests of the priestly class, incapable either of the perception
or the utterance of truth, in matters where the interests of
priestcraft are concerned.</p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
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<p> As the Catholic-Protestant-Skeptic Bayle, of seventeenth
<p> As the Catholic-Protestant-Skeptic Bayle, of seventeenth
century fame, said: "I am most truly a Protestant; for I protest
indifferently against all systems and all sects" of religious
imposture.</p>
<p> My accusal, therefore, is not limited in purpose, scope or
<p> My accusal, therefore, is not limited in purpose, scope or
effect to any one Church or sect, but is aimed alike at all of the
discordant factions of ancient Jewish and more modern Christian
faith. For, as has been well said, "Faith is not knowledge, no more
@ -587,7 +588,7 @@ prostitute their reason, as to believe with infallible faith what
they are unable to prove with infallible arguments."
(Chillingworth, Religion of Protestants, pp. 66, 412.) With
infallible facts I purpose to blast the false pretenses of Priest-forged Faith.</p>
<p> It is matter of fact, that for some 1500 years of this Era
<p> It is matter of fact, that for some 1500 years of this Era
there was but one "True Church" of Christ; and that Church claims
with conscious pride the origin and authorship of all the New
Testament Books, out of its own Holy bosom, by its own canonized
@ -613,8 +614,8 @@ Christianity, and for the centuries since have industriously and
knowingly been engaged in passing the stolen counterfeit upon their
own unsuspecting flocks; they are therefore equally guilty with the
original Forgers of the Faith.</p>
<p> OUTLINE OF CASE AND PROOFS</p>
<p> The proofs of my indictment are marvelously easy. They are to
<p> OUTLINE OF CASE AND PROOFS</p>
<p> The proofs of my indictment are marvelously easy. They are to
be found in amplest retore of history and accredited ecclesiastic
authorities, and in abounding incautious admissions made by the
Recredited spokesmen of the Accused: upon these I shall freely and
@ -622,18 +623,18 @@ fully draw for complete proofs of my every specification. These
damning things of the Church, scattered through many clerical
volumes and concealed in many archives, are not well known to the
pious or preoccupied layman. My task is simply to bring together </p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
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.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>the documentary proofs and expose them before the astonished eves
<p>the documentary proofs and expose them before the astonished eves
of the modern reader; that is the prime merit of my work. To
accomplish this purpose with unimpeachable certitude, I need and
make no apology for the liberal use of quotation marks in
presenting the ensuing startling array of accusations and
confessions; to be followed by the plenary proofs.</p>
<p> As in the judicial process, I shall, before proceeding to the
<p> As in the judicial process, I shall, before proceeding to the
concrete proofs, define first the crime charged, and outline the
scope of the evidence to be presented. I shall first make a prima
facie justification of the charges, by citing a few generalities of
@ -641,8 +642,8 @@ confession of guilt, with corroborations by weighty supporting
authorities, and thus create the proper "atmosphere" for the
appreciation of the facts. Then shall come the shaming proofs in
astounding detail.</p>
<p> FORGERY DEFINED</p>
<p> Forgery, in legal and moral sense, is the utterance or
<p> FORGERY DEFINED</p>
<p> Forgery, in legal and moral sense, is the utterance or
publication, with intent to deceive or defraud, or to gain some
advantage, of a false document, put out by one person in the name
of and as the genuine work of another, who did not execute it, or
@ -651,10 +652,10 @@ execute the original. This species of falsification extends alike
to all classes of writings, promissory notes, the coin or currency
of the realm, to any legal or private document, or to a book. All
are counterfeit or forged if not authentic and untampered.</p>
<p> A definition by a high ecclesiastical authority may
<p> A definition by a high ecclesiastical authority may
appropriately be cited, as it thoroughly defines the chronic
clerical crime. The Catholic Encyclopedia thus defines the crime:</p>
<p> "Forgery (Lat. falsum) differs very slightly from fraud. It
<p> "Forgery (Lat. falsum) differs very slightly from fraud. It
consists in the deliberate untruthfulness of an assertion, or in
the deceitful presentation of an object, and is based on an
intention to deceive and to injure while using the externals of
@ -664,7 +665,7 @@ forgery, and is equivalent to forgery proper. ... The Canonical
legislation [dealt principally with] the production of absolutely
false documents and the alteration of authentic ... for the sake of
certain advantages. ...</p>
<p> "Canon law connects forgery and the use of forged documents,
<p> "Canon law connects forgery and the use of forged documents,
on the presumption that he who would make use of such documents
must be either the author or instigator of the forgery. In canon
law forgery consists not only in the fabrication or substitution of
@ -674,33 +675,33 @@ document or any substantial point, such as names, dates, signature,
seal, favor granted, by erasure, by scratching out or writing one
word over another, and the like." (Catholic Encyclopedia, vi, 135,
136.)</p>
<p> Under every phase and phrase of this its own clerics legal
<p> Under every phase and phrase of this its own clerics legal
definition, the Church is guilty, -- is most guilty.</p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
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FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p> A "beginning of miracles" of confession of ecclesiastical
<p> A "beginning of miracles" of confession of ecclesiastical
guilt of forgery of Church documents is made in the same above
article by the Encyclopedia, -- very many others will follow in due
course from the same source:</p>
<p> "Substitution of false documents and tampering with genuine
<p> "Substitution of false documents and tampering with genuine
ones was quite a trade in the Middle Ages. Innocent III (1198)
points out nine species of forgery [of ecclesiastical records]
which had come under his notice." (CE. vi, 136.)</p>
<p> But such frauds of the Church were not confined to the Middle
<p> But such frauds of the Church were not confined to the Middle
Ages; they begin even with the beginning of the Church and infest
every period of its history for fifteen hundred years and defile
nearly every document, both of "Scriptures" and of Church
aggrandizement. As truly said by Collins, in his celebrated
Discourse of Free Thinking:</p>
<p> "In short, these frauds are very common in all books which are
<p> "In short, these frauds are very common in all books which are
published by priests or priestly men. ... For it is certain they
may plead the authority of the Fathers for Forgery, Corruption and
mangling of Authors, with more reason than for any of their
Articles of Faith." (p. 96.)</p>
<p> Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea, the great "Father of Church
<p> Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea, the great "Father of Church
History" (324 A.D.) whom Niebuhr terms "a very dishonest writer,"
-- of which we shall see many notable instances, -- says this: "But
it is not our place to describe the sad misfortunes which finally
@ -712,7 +713,7 @@ which we can vindicate the Divine judgment. ... But we shall
introduce into this history in general only those events which may
be useful first to ourselves and afterwards to posterity."
(Ecclesiastical History, viii, 2; N&amp;PNF. i, 323-324.)</p>
<p> Eusebius himself fraudulently "subscribed to the [Trinitarian]
<p> Eusebius himself fraudulently "subscribed to the [Trinitarian]
Creed formed by the Council of Nicra, but making no secret, in the
letter which he wrote to his own Church, of the non-natural sense
in which he accepted it." (Cath. Encyc. v, 619.) As St. Jerome
@ -733,12 +734,12 @@ bears for its title this scandalous proposition: 'How it may be
Lawful and Fitting to use Falsehood as a Medicine, and for the
Benefit of those who Want to be Deceived'" -- (quoting the Greek
title; Gibbon, Vindication, p. 76).</p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
13
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FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p> St. John Chrysostom, the "'Golden Mouthed," in his work 'On
<p> St. John Chrysostom, the "'Golden Mouthed," in his work 'On
the Priesthood,' has a curious panegyric on the clerical habit of
telling lies -- "Great is the force of deceit! provided it is not
excited by a treacherous intention."' (Comm. on I Cor. ix, 19;
@ -751,12 +752,12 @@ Apology for His Life, Appendix G, p. 345-6.) He says nothing of his
favorites, the Latin Fathers; but we shall hear them described, and
amply see them at work lying in their zeal for God's honor, and to
their own dishonor.</p>
<p> The Great Latin Father St. Jerome (c. 340-420), who made the
<p> The Great Latin Father St. Jerome (c. 340-420), who made the
celebrated Vulgate Version of the Bible, and wrote books of the
most marvelous Saint-tales and martyr-yarns, thus describes the
approved methods of Christian propaganda, of the Fathers, Greek and
Latin alike, against the Pagans:</p>
<p> "To confute the opposer, now this argument is adduced and now
<p> "To confute the opposer, now this argument is adduced and now
that. One argues as one pleases, saying one thing while one means
another. ... Origen, Methodius, Eusebius, and Apollinaris write at
great length against Celsus and Porphyry. Consider how subtle are
@ -764,7 +765,7 @@ the arguments, how insidious the engines with which they overthrow
what the spirit of the devil has wrought. Sometimes, it is true,
they are compelled to say not what they think but what is needful.
...</p>
<p> "I say nothing of the Latin authors, of Tertullian, Cyprian,
<p> "I say nothing of the Latin authors, of Tertullian, Cyprian,
Minutius, Victorianus, Lactantius, Hilary, lest I should appear not
so much to be defending myself as to be assailing others. I will
only mention the APOSTLE PAUL. ... He, then, if anyone, ought to be
@ -777,7 +778,7 @@ which they are taken have no controversial bearing at all ... the
line so often adopted by strong men in controversy -- of justifying
the means by the result." (Jerome, Epist. to Pammachus, xlviii, 13;
N&amp;PNF. vi, 72-73; See post, p. 230.)</p>
<p> Of Eusebius and the others he again says, that they "presume
<p> Of Eusebius and the others he again says, that they "presume
at the price of their soul to assert dogmatically whatever first
comes into their head." (Jerome, Epist. li, 7; id. p. 88.) And
again, of the incentive offered by the gullible ignorance of the
@ -790,12 +791,12 @@ illustrated in numberless instances. He tells us of the river
Ganges in India, which "has its source in Paradise"; that in India
"are also mountains of gold, which however men cannot approach by
reason of the griffins, dragons, and huge monsters which haunt </p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
14
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FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>them; for such are the guardians which avarice needs for its
<p>them; for such are the guardians which avarice needs for its
treasures." (Epist. cxxv, 6; N&amp;PNF. vi, 245.) He reaches the climax
in his famous Lives of sundry Saints. He relates with all fervor
the marvelous experiences of the "blessed hermit Paulus," who was
@ -832,7 +833,7 @@ roared in mourning, then with their paws dug a grave just wide and
deep enough to bold the corpse; came over and licked the hands and
feet of Anthony, and ambled away. (Jerome, Life of Paulus the First
Hermit, N&amp;PNF. vi, 299 seq.)</p>
<p> So gross and prevalent was the clerical habit of pious lies
<p> So gross and prevalent was the clerical habit of pious lies
and pretenses "to the glory of God," that St. Augustine, about 395
A.D., wrote a reproving treatise to the Clergy, De Mendacio (On
Lying), which he found necessary to supplement in 420 with another
@ -851,12 +852,12 @@ suppressio veri, of suppression or concealment of the truth for the
sake of Christian "edification," a device for the encouragement of
credulity among the Faithful which has run riot through the
centuries and flourishes today among the priests and the ignorant </p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
15
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FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>pious: "It is lawful, then, either to him that discourses,
<p>pious: "It is lawful, then, either to him that discourses,
disputes, and preaches of things eternal, or to him that narrates
or speaks of things temporal pertaining to edification of religion
or piety, to conceal at fitting times whatever seems fit to be
@ -882,14 +883,14 @@ which he told about it, believed in furness of faith and infantile
credulity every word of the noble Bishop of Hippo, giving thanks to
God that the words of life and salvation had been by him carried to
so remarkable a tribe of God's curious children.</p>
<p> Pope Gregory the Great (590-604), in one momentary lapse in
<p> Pope Gregory the Great (590-604), in one momentary lapse in
his own arduous labors of propagating "lies to the glory of God,"
made the pious gesture, "God does not need our lies"; but His
Church evidently did, for the pious work went lyingly on; a work
given immense impetus by His Holiness Gregory himself, in his
mendacious Dialogues and other papal output, -- with little
abatement unto this day.</p>
<p> A further admission of the inveteracy of ecclesiastical
<p> A further admission of the inveteracy of ecclesiastical
forgery and fraud may be cited from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
Speaking deprecatingly of the "incredible liberty of discussion"
which to the shock and scandal of the pious prelates "prevailed in
@ -897,7 +898,7 @@ Rome under the spell of the Renaissance," -- when men's minds were
beginning to awaken from the intellectual and moral stupor of the
Dark Ages of Faith, the Catholic thesaurus of archaic superstition
and "Catholic Truth," admits:</p>
<p> "This toleration of evil [sic; i.e.: -- the free discussion of
<p> "This toleration of evil [sic; i.e.: -- the free discussion of
Church doctrines and documents] -- bore one good consequence: it
allowed historical criticism to begin fair. There was need for a
revision which is not yet complete, ranging over all that has been
@ -905,24 +906,24 @@ handed down from the Middle Ages under the style and title of the
Fathers, the Councils, the Roman and other official, archives. In
all these departments forgery and interpolations as well as
ignorance had wrought mischief on a great scale." (CE. xii, 768.)</p>
<p> To these preliminary confessions of the guilty Church may be
<p> To these preliminary confessions of the guilty Church may be
added the corroborating testimony of several eminently accredited
historical authorities.</p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
16
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p> Middleton, in his epochal Free Inquiry into the lying habits
<p> Middleton, in his epochal Free Inquiry into the lying habits
and miracles of the Churchmen, says: "Many spurious books were
forged in the earliest times of the Church, in the name of Christ
and his apostles, which passed upon all the Fathers as genuine and
divine through several successive ages." (Middleton, Free Inquiry,
Int. Disc. p. xcii; London, 1749.)</p>
<p> The same author, whose book set England ringing with its
<p> The same author, whose book set England ringing with its
exposures of the lies and fraudulent miracles of the Church, makes
this acute and accurate summing up of his evidences:</p>
<p> "It will not appear strange to those who have given any
<p> "It will not appear strange to those who have given any
attention to the history of mankind, which will always suggest this
sad reflection:' That the greatest zealots in religion, or the
leaders of sects and parties, whatever purity or principles they
@ -933,18 +934,18 @@ of ecclesiastical history declares, who made any scruple in those
ages of using the hyperbolical style to advance the honor of God
and the salvation of men." (Free Inq. p. 83; citing Jo., Hist.
Eccles. p. 681.)</p>
<p> Lecky, the distinguished author of the History of European
<p> Lecky, the distinguished author of the History of European
Morals, devotes much research into what he describes as "the
deliberate and apparently perfectly unscrupulous forgery, of a
whole literature, destined to further the propagation either of
Christianity as a whole, or of some particular class of tenets."
(Lecky, Hist. of European Morals, vol. i, p. 375.)</p>
<p> In his very notable History of Rationalism speaking of that
<p> In his very notable History of Rationalism speaking of that
Christian "epoch when faith and facts did not cultivate an
acquaintance," the same author, Lecky, thus describes the state of
intellectual and moral obliquity into which the Church had forced
even the ablest classes of society:</p>
<p> "During that gloomy period the only scholars in Europe were
<p> "During that gloomy period the only scholars in Europe were
priest and monks, who conscientiously believed that no amount of
falsehood was reprehensible which conduced to the edification of
the people. ... All their writings, and more especially their
@ -954,21 +955,21 @@ succeeding ages, And the very men who scattered these fictions
broadcast over Christendom, taught at the same time that credulity
was a virtue and skepticism a crime." (Lecky, Hist. of Rationalism,
i, 896.)</p>
<p> In the same work last quoted, Lecky again, speaking of what he
<p> In the same work last quoted, Lecky again, speaking of what he
terms "the pious frauds of theologians," which, he shows were
"systematized and raised to the dignity of a regular doctrine,"
says of the pious Fathers:</p>
<p> "The Fathers laid down as a distinct proposition that pious
<p> "The Fathers laid down as a distinct proposition that pious
frauds were justifiable and even laudable, and if they had not laid
this down they would nevertheless have practiced them as a
necessary consequence of their doctrine of exclusive salvation.
Immediately all ecclesiastical literature became tainted with a </p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
17
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>spirit of the most unblushing mendacity. Heathenism was to be
<p>spirit of the most unblushing mendacity. Heathenism was to be
combatted, and therefore prophecies of Christ by Orpheus and the
Sibyls -- were forged, lying wonders were multiplied. ... Heretics
were to be convinced, and therefore interpolations of old writings
@ -978,18 +979,18 @@ importance of dogmas was held. Generation after generation it
became more universal; it continued till the very sense of truth
and the very love of truth seemed blotted out from the minds of
men." (Lecky, Rationalism in Europe, i, 396-7.)</p>
<p> There is thus disclosed a very sharp and shaming contrast
<p> There is thus disclosed a very sharp and shaming contrast
between the precept of the Lord Buddha: "Thou shalt not attempt,
either by words or action, to lead others to believe that which is
not true," and the confessed debasing principle of the Church, that
the maintenance of its creed -- (even by the methods of fraud,
forgery and imposture above hinted and to be evidenced) -- is
superior to the principles of morality:</p>
<p> "To undo the creed is to undo the Church. The integrity of the
<p> "To undo the creed is to undo the Church. The integrity of the
rule of faith is more essential to the cohesion of a religious
society than the strict practice of its moral precepts"! (CE. vii,
259).</p>
<p> With its consciousness of the shifty and shady practices of
<p> With its consciousness of the shifty and shady practices of
it's "sacred" profession, the Christian priestcraft differs not
from the Pagan in the sneer of Cicero: "Cato mirari se aiebat, quod
non rideret haruspex, cum haruspicem vidisset, -- Cato used to
@ -1000,7 +1001,7 @@ said by the "universal scholar" Grotius: "Ecclesiastical history
consists of nothing but the wickedness of the governing clergy, --
Qui legit historiam Ecclesiasticam, quid legit nisi Episcoporum
vicia?" (Epistolae, p. 7, col. 1).</p>
<p> The universality of the frauds and impostures of the Church,
<p> The universality of the frauds and impostures of the Church,
above barely hinted at, and the contaminating influence of such
example, are by now sufficiently evident; they will be seen to
taint and corrupt every phase of the Church and of the
@ -1012,7 +1013,7 @@ cause, and for the same ends, make use of forged miracles" (A Free
Inquiry, Introd. Discourse, p. lxxxvii); -- as well as of forged
Gospels, Epistles, Creeds, Saint-tales -- vast extensions of pious
frauds of which we shall see a plethora of examples.</p>
<p> The proofs here to be arrayed for conviction are drawn from
<p> The proofs here to be arrayed for conviction are drawn from
original sources, chiefly those inexhaustible mines of priestly
perversions of fact and truth, the labored and ludicrous volumes of
the "Fathers of the Church," and its most accredited modern
@ -1020,12 +1021,12 @@ American spokesman, the Catholic Encyclopedia. Hence it cannot be
justly complained that this presentation of facts of Church history
is unfair or untrue; all but every fact of secular and of Church
history herein recounted to the shame and guilt of Holy Church is </p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
18
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>taken verbatim from the Church's own histories and historians.
<p>taken verbatim from the Church's own histories and historians.
These clerical works of confession and confusion are for the most
part three ponderous sets of volumes; they are readily accessible
for verification of my recitals, and for further instances, in good
@ -1035,25 +1036,25 @@ places of the finds here recorded. Cited so often, space will be
saved for more valuable uses by citing by their initials, -- which
will become very familiar -- my chief ecclesiastical authorities,
towit:</p>
<p> The Ante-Niceite Fathers, cited as ANF.; A Collection of the
<p> The Ante-Niceite Fathers, cited as ANF.; A Collection of the
extant Writings of all the Founders of Christianity down to the
Council of Nicaea, or Nice, in 325 A.D. American Reprint, eight
volumes. The Christian Literature Publishing Co., Buffalo, N.Y.,
1885.</p>
<p> The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, cited as N&amp;PNF.; First and
<p> The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, cited as N&amp;PNF.; First and
Second Series; many volumes; same publishers.</p>
<p> The Catholic Encyclopedia, cited as CE.; fifteen volumes and
<p> The Catholic Encyclopedia, cited as CE.; fifteen volumes and
index, published under the Imprimatur of Archbishop Farley; New
York, Robert Appleton Co., 1907-9.</p>
<p> The Encyclopedia Biblica, cited as EB., four volumes; Adam &amp;
<p> The Encyclopedia Biblica, cited as EB., four volumes; Adam &amp;
Charles Black, London, 1899; American Reprint, The Macmillan Co.,
New York, 1914.</p>
<p> The clerical confessions of lies and frauds in the ponderous
<p> The clerical confessions of lies and frauds in the ponderous
volumes of the Catholic Encyclopedia alone suffice, and to spare,
to wreck the Church and to destroy utterly the Christian religion.
We shall see.</p>
<p> RELIGIOUS LAWS OF OUTLAWRY</p>
<p> The land, the religious world, even today is ringing with the
<p> RELIGIOUS LAWS OF OUTLAWRY</p>
<p> The land, the religious world, even today is ringing with the
furious din of religious intolerance, bigotry and persecution;
pestiferous medieval laws are imposed to stop the voice of Science
teaching truths which impugn the ignorant myths of Bible and
@ -1076,12 +1077,12 @@ blessed volume, and in further token that, if he should swerve from
the truth, he may be justly deprived of all the blessings of the
Gospel, and be made liable to that vengeance which he has
imprecated on his own head." (Consol. Stat. N.C., 1919, sec. 3189.)</p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
19
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p> Under this infamous statute, in the late so-called Gastonia,
<p> Under this infamous statute, in the late so-called Gastonia,
N.C. murder trial, the wife of one of the defendants, who had
testified that her husband was not present and had no part in the
shooting, was challenged as a witness and impeached, her testimony
@ -1130,19 +1131,19 @@ on to the death, till every trace of these infamies is purged out
of the statute books of these sovereign States! This is due and
solemn notice and defiance to the intolerant religious oppressors
and their deluded dupes.</p>
<p> Medieval laws against the fictitious crime of "Blasphemy"
<p> Medieval laws against the fictitious crime of "Blasphemy"
survive in a dozen American States, protecting by law the Christian
superstition of the old Hebrew God. A model of them all is this
infamous enactment of the Church-ridden Massachusetts: "Whoever
wilfully blasphemes the holy name of God by denying, cursing or
contumeliously reproaching God, his creation, government or final
judging of the world, or by cursing or contumeliously reproaching </p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
20
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>Jesus Christ or the Holy Ghost -- [the whole Divine Family], -- or
<p>Jesus Christ or the Holy Ghost -- [the whole Divine Family], -- or
by cursing or contumeliously reprioaching or exposing to contempt
or ridicule, the holy word of God contained in the holy scriptures
shall be punished by imprisonment in jail for not more than one
@ -1181,7 +1182,7 @@ was arraigned before the Recorder, who "released him with a
warning," and he consummated the violation by delivering the
forbidden rolls to the angry Holy Namers. (Herald-Tribune, May 14,
1930.)</p>
<p> Now, throughout the State, and in far off Ohio, at the
<p> Now, throughout the State, and in far off Ohio, at the
instigation of the parsons, these pestiferous pious laws are being
forced into enforcement, headlined -- "Blue Law Net Busy in
Jersey," and recorded: "hundreds of names and addresses were in the
@ -1198,12 +1199,12 @@ legislation to enforce obsolete religious observance by
disbelievers, in a land whose every constitution proclaims the
complete separation of State and Church! But for the defiance of
fearless heroes of Rationalism who have through the ages contended,</p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
21
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>and suffered martyrdom by rack and stake in defense of human
<p>and suffered martyrdom by rack and stake in defense of human
liberty, rack and stake and fiendish torture would yet be the
penalty, rather than fine and jail, for violators of the odious
proscriptions of Church and Church-minded, Church-driven,
@ -1236,10 +1237,10 @@ people and press. The very pious Editor of the Christian Herald has
just published a book on "The Church in Politics," in which with
cynical frankness he asserts its right and discloses its odious
methods.</p>
<p> These odious things are all the work and blighting effects of
<p> These odious things are all the work and blighting effects of
the unholy 'Odium Theologicum' of Priestcraft, poisoning men's
minds with the rancor of obsolete superstitious beliefs.</p>
<p> Remove the cause, the cure is automatically and quickly
<p> Remove the cause, the cure is automatically and quickly
effected. To contribute to the speedier consummation of this
supreme boon is the motive and justification of this book. It gives
to the unctuous quack "Doctors of Divinity" a copious dose out of
@ -1248,7 +1249,7 @@ its deadly effect upon themselves, haply their "incurably
religious" duped patients may begin to evidence hopeful symptoms of
a wholesome, speedy and complete cure from their priest-made
malady.</p>
<p> "Fraud," says Ingersoll, "is hateful to its victims." The
<p> "Fraud," says Ingersoll, "is hateful to its victims." The
compelling proofs of duplicitous fraud of priestcraft and Church
exposed in this book must convince even the most credulous and
devout Believer, that the system of "revealed religion" which he
@ -1257,19 +1258,19 @@ suffered in his system ever since, is simply a veneered Paganism,
unrevealed and untrue; is a huge scheme of priestly imposture to
exploit the credulous and to live in power and wealth at his
expense. Luther hit the bull's-eye of the System -- before he </p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
22
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>established another to pass the same old counterfeit: The Church
<p>established another to pass the same old counterfeit: The Church
exists mostly for wealth and self-aggrandizement; to quit paying
money to the priests would kill the whole scheme in a couple of
years. This is the sovereign remedy. Let him that hath ears to
hear, hear; and govern himself accordingly. Every awakened Believer
must feel outraged in his dignity and self-respect, and in disgust
must repudiate the Creed and its impostors.</p>
<p> When a notorious Criminal is arraigned at the bar of Justice
<p> When a notorious Criminal is arraigned at the bar of Justice
and put to trial for deeds of crime and shame, it is his crimes,
his criminal career and record, which are the subject of inquiry ,
-- which are exposed and denounced -- for conviction. No weight in
@ -1280,66 +1281,67 @@ duplicity. Thus the Church and its Creed are here arraigned on
their record of Crime, -- "extenuating naught, naught setting down
in malice"; -- simply exposing truly its own convicting record and
confessions of its criminality, for condign judgment upon it.</p>
<p> Goliath of Gath was a very big Giant; but a small pebble,
<p> Goliath of Gath was a very big Giant; but a small pebble,
artfully slung, brought him to a sudden and violent collapse, a
huge corpse. This TNT. bomb of a book, loaded with barbed facts, is
flung full in facie ecclesiae -- into the face of the Forgery-founded Church and all her discordant broods. The "gates of hell"
will be exploded!</p>
<p> But yesteryear the Church of God in might
<p> But yesteryear the Church of God in might
Has stood against the world; now lies she here,
And none so poor to do her reverence!</p>
<p> JOSEPH WHELESS</p>
<p>New York City
<p> JOSEPH WHELESS</p>
<p>New York City
780 Riverside Drive
June 1, 1930</p>
<p> CONTENTS</p>
<p>Foreword: vii</p>
<p>I: PAGAN FRAUDS-CHRISTIAN PRECEDENTS 3</p>
<p>II: HEBREW HOLY FORGERIES 45</p>
<p>III: CHRISTIAN "SCRIPTURE" FORGERIES 91</p>
<p>IV: THE SAINTLY "FATHERS" OF THE FAITH 123</p>
<p>V: THE "GOSPEL" FORGERIES 172</p>
<p>VI: THE CHURCH FORGERY MILL 238</p>
<p>VII: THE "TRIUMPH" OF CHRISTIANITY 295</p>
<p> INDEX Follows page 400</p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
<p> CONTENTS</p>
<p>Foreword: vii</p>
<p>I: PAGAN FRAUDS-CHRISTIAN PRECEDENTS 3</p>
<p>II: HEBREW HOLY FORGERIES 45</p>
<p>III: CHRISTIAN "SCRIPTURE" FORGERIES 91</p>
<p>IV: THE SAINTLY "FATHERS" OF THE FAITH 123</p>
<p>V: THE "GOSPEL" FORGERIES 172</p>
<p>VI: THE CHURCH FORGERY MILL 238</p>
<p>VII: THE "TRIUMPH" OF CHRISTIANITY 295</p>
<p> INDEX Follows page 400</p>
<p> BANK of WISDOM
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
23
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p> NOTE:</p>
<p> You are reading
<p> NOTE:</p>
<p> You are reading
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY
by
Joseph Wheliss</p>
<p> 1930</p>
<p> In order to better understand the text, it is necessary to
<p> 1930</p>
<p> In order to better understand the text, it is necessary to
know the abreviated referances that Mr. Wheliss uses throughout the
text. If you are interested in knowing the source material it is
adviseable to take note of these oft-used references now. EFF</p>
<p> Abbreviations for most often used sources:</p>
<p> The libraries of the Union Theological Seminary and of
<p> Abbreviations for most often used sources:</p>
<p> The libraries of the Union Theological Seminary and of
Columbia University, in New York City, were the places of the finds
here recorded. Cited so often, space will be saved for more
valuable uses by citing by their initials, -- which will become
very familiar -- my chief ecclesiastical authorities, towit:</p>
<p>ANF.; The Ante-Nicene Fathers, cited as ANF.; A Collection of
<p>ANF.; The Ante-Nicene Fathers, cited as ANF.; A Collection of
the extant Writings of all the Founders of Christianity
down to the Council of Nicaea, or Nice, in 325 A.D.
American Reprint, eight volumes. The Christian Literature
Publishing Co., Buffalo, N.Y., 1885. [xxx]</p>
<p>N&amp;PNF.; The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, cited as N&amp;PNF.;
<p>N&amp;PNF.; The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, cited as N&amp;PNF.;
First and Second Series; many volumes; same publishers.</p>
<p>CE.; The Catholic Encyclopedia, cited as CE.; fifteen volumes
<p>CE.; The Catholic Encyclopedia, cited as CE.; fifteen volumes
and index, published under the Imprimatur of Archbishop
Farley; New York, Robert Appleton Co., 1907-9.</p>
<p>EB., The Encyclopedia Biblica, cited as EB., four volumes;
<p>EB., The Encyclopedia Biblica, cited as EB., four volumes;
Adam &amp; Charles Black, London, 1899; American Reprint, The
Macmillan Co., New York, 1914.</p>
<p> Reproducible Electronic Publishing can defeat censorship.</p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
<p> Reproducible Electronic Publishing can defeat censorship.</p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
UNCOUNTED NOTE PAGE
</p>
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<p> 24 page printout, pages 89 to 111 of 322
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<p> 24 page printout, pages 89 to 111 of 322
CHAPTER III</p>
<p> CHRISTIAN "SCRIPTITRE" FORGERIES</p>
<p> "Nothing stands in need of Lying but a LIE."</p>
<p> To such an extent are the origins of the Christian Religion
<p> CHRISTIAN "SCRIPTITRE" FORGERIES</p>
<p> "Nothing stands in need of Lying but a LIE."</p>
<p> To such an extent are the origins of the Christian Religion
wrapped in obscurity, due to the labyrinthine confusions and
contradictions and forgeries of its early records, that it is quite
impossible to extricate, with any degree of confidence, a thread of
historic truth from the tangle.</p>
<p> The 27 New Testament booklets, attributed to eight individual
<p> The 27 New Testament booklets, attributed to eight individual
"Apostolic" writers, and culled from some 200 admitted forgeries
called Gospels, Acts, and Epistles, constitute the presient
"Canonical" or acceptedly inspired compendium of the primitive
@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ rendering one or the other untrue, neather can be assumed with
assurance; the actuality of either, and of all, is thus made
doubtful, and is subject to total rejection as our study of the
booklets develops.</p>
<p> On such provisional assumption that sundry of the things
<p> On such provisional assumption that sundry of the things
recorded possibly may have happened as in one manner or the other
related, we are able to reach several obvious conclusions as to the
order and approximate times of those dubiously-assumed happenings.
@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ abundantly see, of the shifty and fraudulent methods of
ecclesiatitical "history"-writing and propaganda, we may be
prepared for some rude upsettings of our inherited traditions of
Christian fact and faith.</p>
<p> The central character of the Christian faith, Jesus, to assume
<p> The central character of the Christian faith, Jesus, to assume
him as a historical personage, was a Jew, as were, by tradition,
his disciples and entourage. As is, of course, well known:
"Christianity took its rise in Judaism; its Founder and His
@ -48,25 +49,25 @@ they were grievously deceived and disappointed, as, too the world
knows; "Christ's humble and obscure life, ending in the ignominious
death on the cross, was the very opposite of what the Jews expected
of their Christ." (CE. i, 620.)</p>
<p> Jesus was a native of Galilee, "his own country" (Mt. ii, 23;
<p> Jesus was a native of Galilee, "his own country" (Mt. ii, 23;
xiii, 54-55), or of Judaea, "his own country" (.John iv, 43-44). He
was born "in the days of Herod the King" (Mt. ii, 1), about 6 B.C.,
or "when Cyrenius was governor of Syria" (Luke ii, 1-7), about 7
A.D., or some 13 years later. (CE. viii, 377; EB. i, 307-8.) The
destructive contradictions as to his lineage and parentage, and </p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
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<p>other essential particulars, are reserved for opportune notice.
<p>other essential particulars, are reserved for opportune notice.
Jesus became a Jewish sectarian religious teacher of the zealot
reformer type; so zealous that his own family thought him insane
and sent out to apprehend him (Mark iii, 31); many of the people
said of him, "He hath a devil, and is mad" (John x, 20); his own
disciples, seeing his raid into the Temple after the money-changers, shook their heads and muttered the proverb: "The zeal of
thine house hath eaten me up" (John ii, 17).</p>
<p> His ministry, of about one year, according to the first three
<p> His ministry, of about one year, according to the first three
Gospels, of some three yeurs according to the fourth, was, by his
own repeated assertion, limited exclusively to his own Jewish
people: "I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of
@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ x, 7), -- the exclusively Hebraic Kingdom of the Baptist (Mt. iii,
2), as of the Jewish Messianic apocrypha which we have noticed.
Jesus lived at the height of the "age of apocryphal literature,"
and in due time got into it, voluminously.</p>
<p> Before his death, time and again he made and repeated the
<p> Before his death, time and again he made and repeated the
assurance -- the most positive and iterated of all the sayings
attributed to him -- of the immediate end of the world, and of his
quick triumphant return to establish the Kingdom of God in the new
@ -106,18 +107,18 @@ in heaven, or in this new Kingdom of Heaven on the new earth:
"Salvation is of the Jews." (John iv, 22.) It was 144000 Jews, the
"scaled" saints, who alone constituted the original Jewish "Kingdom
of God" (Rev. vii).</p>
<p> With these explicit data we arrive at the first obvious and
<p> With these explicit data we arrive at the first obvious and
positive conclusion: With the expectation of a quick and sudden end
of the world and of all things human, no books were written on the
subject in that generation or, for a little leeway, the next or so,
after the death of the expected returning King. The scant, number
of credulous Jews who accepted this preachment as "Gospel truth" </p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
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<p>and lived in this expectation, were nourished with neighborhood
<p>and lived in this expectation, were nourished with neighborhood
gossip and oral traditions of the "good news," and needed and had
no written books of inspired record of these things. Thus many
years passed. Only as the dread consummation was delayed, and the
@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ being still unrealized -- these books began to be written, we can
accurately determine something of the order of their writing, and
finally, though negatively, the approximate times when they were
written, by ascertaining when they were not yet written.</p>
<p> We have seen that for a century and more the only "Scriptures"
<p> We have seen that for a century and more the only "Scriptures"
used by the Jewish propagandists of the Christ were the Greek
Septuagint translations of the old hebrew sacred writings, "the Law
and the Prophets" (CE. v, 702; i, 635); supplemented by sundry
@ -173,23 +174,23 @@ Therefore the conclusion is inevitable that when those 23 Acts and
Epistles were written, none of the four "Gospel" biographies of
Jesus the Christ had yet seen the light. "Written Gospels are
neither mentioned nor implied in the NT epistles, nor in that, of </p>
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<p>Clemens Romanus, nor, probably, in that of Barnabas, nor in the
<p>Clemens Romanus, nor, probably, in that of Barnabas, nor in the
Didache. luke (i, 1-4) implies that 'many gospels' were current"
(EB. ii, 1809), at the time that Gospel was written.</p>
<p> The Acts and Epistles, therefore, with Revelation, were
<p> The Acts and Epistles, therefore, with Revelation, were
written before any of the Gospel biographies. If these Christ-histories had existed, how eagerly would they have been seized upon
to garnish and glorify the preachment of the early propagandists of
the Faith that failed at the Cross, -- and would have perished
wholly but. for the allbelieving Pagan Gentiles, who, when they
heard it, "were glad, and glorified the word of the lord" (Acts
xiii, 48), as orally delivered.</p>
<p> "THE AGE OF APOCRYPHAL LITERATURE"</p>
<p> As the long years passed and one generation of disappointed
<p> "THE AGE OF APOCRYPHAL LITERATURE"</p>
<p> As the long years passed and one generation of disappointed
"Messiah" Jews was gathered unto its fathers and was followed by
another, the believers in the promised "second coming" for the
establishment of the Jewish Kingdom grew restles, and made
@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ answer; and time and again they cajole the impatient eredtilous:
shall come, will come." (Heb. x, 36, 37; cf. 1 Thess. iv, l6-18; 2
Thess. iii, 5; James v, 7, 8; et passim.) But he isn't come yet,
these 2000 years.</p>
<p> It was at this critical juncture, to revive and stimulate the
<p> It was at this critical juncture, to revive and stimulate the
jaded hope of the Jewish believers and to spread the propaganda
amongst the all-believing Pagaiis, that the written Christ-tales
began to be worked up by the Christian propagandists. Before their
@ -230,20 +231,20 @@ of false histories, gospels, epistles and revelations which have
survived, entire or fragmentary, or by title only, through the long
intervening centuries of faith, and of which 27 are yet cherished
as of Divine inspiration.</p>
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<p> "THE IDEA OF INSPIRATION"</p>
<p> Before sketching the welter of these lying works of Christian
<p> "THE IDEA OF INSPIRATION"</p>
<p> Before sketching the welter of these lying works of Christian
hands and childish minds, we may define, by high priestly
authority, the status of the problem of divine inspiration, and
just how the notion of "canonicity" or official inspiration, came
to be, now attributed to, now withdrawn from, this heterogeneous
mass or mess of pious scribblings, and finally clung to only 27 of
yet asserted sanctity. These admissions are very illuminating.</p>
<p> We have aeen that the Hebrew Old Testament itself "reveals no
<p> We have aeen that the Hebrew Old Testament itself "reveals no
formal notion of inspiration," though, we are assured, "the later
Jews must have possessed the idea" (CE. iii, 269); -- thus only an
idea or notion somehow acquired, but not through divine
@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ forgeries "each of them has at one tune or another been treated as
canonical" or divinely inspired. (EB. i, 250.) Whether the
Christian notion or idea as to the divine inspiration of their own
new forgeries was of any better quality may now appear.</p>
<p> The New Testament and the inspired Apostles are silent on the
<p> The New Testament and the inspired Apostles are silent on the
subject and left the matter to serious doubts and disputations for
many centuries: "There are no indications in the New Testament ...
of a definite new Canon bequeathed by the Apostles to the Church,
@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ by, Apostles"! (Ib. p. 275.) This is a strikingly queer bit of
clerical dialectic, and leaves the question of the "some way" of
revelation to the Apostles and of their transmission of the "dogma"
to posterity, in a nebulously unsatisfying state.</p>
<p> Further, the dubious and disputed status of the sacred
<p> Further, the dubious and disputed status of the sacred
writings through centuries, and the ultimate settlement of the
controversies by the 'ipse dixit' of a numerical majority of the
Council of Trent, in 1546, -- after the Reformation had forced the
@ -289,12 +290,12 @@ centuries." (CE., iii, 274.) The 'modus operandi' of the Holy
Council in ultimately "canonizing" Jerome's old Vulgate Version,
and its motive for doing so, are thus exposed by the keen pen of
the author of the Rise and Fall:</p>
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<p> "When the Council of Trant resolved to pronounce sentence on
<p> "When the Council of Trant resolved to pronounce sentence on
the Cannon of Scripture, the opinion which prevented, after some
debate, was to declare the Latin Vulgate authentic and 'almost'
infallible; and this sentence, which was guarded by formidable
@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ followed the example of the Church hopeless of reform and swallowed
the canon whole, as we have it today, -- minus, of course, the
'Tobit,' 'Judith,' and like inspired buffooneries of the True
Bible.</p>
<p> Such books and the vicissitudes of their authority are thus
<p> Such books and the vicissitudes of their authority are thus
described: "Like the Old Testament, the New has its deutero-canonical [i.e. doubted] books and portions of books, their
canonicity having formally been a subject of some controversy in
the Church. These are, for entire books: the Epistle to the
@ -329,8 +330,8 @@ question the inspiration of these passages." (CE. iii, 274.)
Besides the forgery of the above and other books as a whole, we
shall see many other instances of "interpolated" or forged passages
in the Christian books.</p>
<p> "THE LYING PEN OF THE SCRIBES"</p>
<p> Speaking of the doubtful historicity of the celebrated AEsop
<p> "THE LYING PEN OF THE SCRIBES"</p>
<p> Speaking of the doubtful historicity of the celebrated AEsop
of the famous Fables which go under his name, a critic well states
a valid test of historicity: "We may well doubt, however, whether
he (AEsop) ever existed; we have the most varied accounts of him,
@ -346,12 +347,12 @@ of all of his Apostles and of many of the shining lights of the new
Christian faith, just as we have seen was done in the Jewish
forgerier; in the names of the Old Testament notables from Adam on
down the catalogue.</p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
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<p> Leaving for the moment aside the 27 presently accepted
<p> Leaving for the moment aside the 27 presently accepted
booklets of the N.T., and admitting the many Christian forgeries of
Christ-fables, CE. thus apologetically explains: "The genuine
Gospels are silent about long stretches of the life of our Lord,
@ -374,7 +375,7 @@ which their forefathers had from time immemorial believed, lent a
ready ear to assertions which, to more hesitating or better-instructed minds, would have seemed to carry imposture on their
very face." (Draper, The Intellectaal Development of Europe, i,
309.)</p>
<p> This being thus frankly confessed, our clerical writer
<p> This being thus frankly confessed, our clerical writer
describes the general character of these pious frauds: "The
Christian apocryphal writings in general imitate the books of the
N.T.) and therefore, with a few exceptions, fall under the
@ -394,8 +395,8 @@ the sake of Christ. Their pious plea is: "Amor Christi est cui
satisfecimus." (Ib. p. 606.) Of these pious frauds it adds: "The
quasi-evangelistic compositions concerning Christ ... are all of
Orthodox origin." (Ib. p. 607.)</p>
<p> "CHRISTIAN EVIDENCES" -- FORGED</p>
<p> When the new Faith went forth to conquer the Pagan world for
<p> "CHRISTIAN EVIDENCES" -- FORGED</p>
<p> When the new Faith went forth to conquer the Pagan world for
Christ, the pious Greek Fathers and priests of the Propaganda soon
felt the need of something of more up-to-date effectiveness than
Old Testament text and Sibylline Oracles, they needed something
@ -405,35 +406,35 @@ tangible, visible; compellingly authentic proofs. Like arms of
proof for the holy warfare, the invincible weapons of truth -- "the
whole armour of God" -- they forged outright for the conquest of
the unbeliever. What more convincing and compelling proofs of Jesus</p>
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<p>the Christ, his holy Apostles, and their wondrous works of over a
<p>the Christ, his holy Apostles, and their wondrous works of over a
century ago, than the following authentic and autograph documents
and records, held before doubting eyes:</p>
<p> A "GOSPEL" WRITTEN BY JESUS CHRIST'S OWN HAND;</p>
<p> LETTERS AND PORTRAITS OF JESUS CHRIST AND HIS PERSONAL
<p> A "GOSPEL" WRITTEN BY JESUS CHRIST'S OWN HAND;</p>
<p> LETTERS AND PORTRAITS OF JESUS CHRIST AND HIS PERSONAL
CORRESPONDENCE;</p>
<p> LETTERS WRITTEN BY HIS VIRGIN MOTHER;</p>
<p> PILATE'S OFFICIAL REPORT TO THE EMPEROR OF THE TRIAL AND
<p> LETTERS WRITTEN BY HIS VIRGIN MOTHER;</p>
<p> PILATE'S OFFICIAL REPORT TO THE EMPEROR OF THE TRIAL AND
CRUCIFICTION OF JESUS, WITH PILATE'S CONFESSION OF FAITH;</p>
<p> THE REPLY OF TIBERIUS, AND THE TRIAL OF PILATE;</p>
<p> OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS OF THE ROMAN SENATE ABOUT JESUS,</p>
<p> GOSPELS, EPISTLES, ACTS, BY EVERY ONE OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES;</p>
<p> OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS; OF CHURCH LAW AND GOVERNMENT, WRITTEN IN
<p> THE REPLY OF TIBERIUS, AND THE TRIAL OF PILATE;</p>
<p> OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS OF THE ROMAN SENATE ABOUT JESUS,</p>
<p> GOSPELS, EPISTLES, ACTS, BY EVERY ONE OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES;</p>
<p> OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS; OF CHURCH LAW AND GOVERNMENT, WRITTEN IN
GREEK, BY THE APOSTLES;</p>
<p> RECORDS OF THE EARLIEST "POPES" AND "APOSTOLIC SUCCESSION;</p>
<p> SCORES OF OTHER PIOUS FORGED DOCUMENTS TO BE RELATED BELOW.</p>
<p> Armed with lying credentials and "proofs" of the fictitious
<p> RECORDS OF THE EARLIEST "POPES" AND "APOSTOLIC SUCCESSION;</p>
<p> SCORES OF OTHER PIOUS FORGED DOCUMENTS TO BE RELATED BELOW.</p>
<p> Armed with lying credentials and "proofs" of the fictitious
persons and performances for which credence must be won among the
credulous pagans, the priests and Vicars of God propagated their
stupendous "LIES to the glory of God" and the exaltation of the
Church. We shall catelogue these crude forgeries somewhat more
fully, and look into some of the more notorious.</p>
<p> FORGED GOSPELS, ACTS, EPISTLES</p>
<p> Half a hundred of false and forged Apostolic "Gospels of Jesus
<p> FORGED GOSPELS, ACTS, EPISTLES</p>
<p> Half a hundred of false and forged Apostolic "Gospels of Jesus
Christ," together with more numerous orher "Scripture" forgeries,
was the output, so far as known now, of the lying pens of the pious
Christians of the first two centuries of the Christian "Age of
@ -454,12 +455,12 @@ Third Gospel (cf. Luke i, 1-4). The titles of some fifty such works
have come down to us. ... It is only, however, in connection with
some twenty of these 'Gospels' that some information has been
preserved. ... Most of them, as far as can be made out, are late </p>
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<p>productions, the apocryphal character of which is generally
<p>productions, the apocryphal character of which is generally
admitted by contemporary [i.e., present day] scholars." Naming
first as Nos. 1-4 "The Canonical Gospels," now falsely labelled
with the names of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, the twenty best
@ -469,7 +470,7 @@ Philip; of Thomas; the Proto-Evangelium of James, Gospel of
Nicodemus (Acta Pilati); of the Twelve Apostles; of Basilides; of
Valentius; of Marcion; of Eve; of Judas; the Writing Genna Marias;
the Gospel Teleioseos. (CE. vi, 656.)</p>
<p> Individual Gospels were forged in the names of each of the
<p> Individual Gospels were forged in the names of each of the
Twelve Apostles, severally, and a joint fabrication under the name
of "The Gospel of the Twelve," was put into the mouths of the
twelve Apostles, using the first person to give the ear-marks of
@ -487,7 +488,7 @@ sayings attributed to him in the Four. He was also made responsible
for a so-called Gospel of St. Matthew, dating from the 4th or 5th
century, which "purports to have been written by Matthew and
translated by St. Jerome." (CE.. i, 608,)</p>
<p> This authority also lists the famous Protevangetium Jacobi, or
<p> This authority also lists the famous Protevangetium Jacobi, or
Infancy Gospel of James, the Arabic Gospel of the Infancy, that of
Gamaliel, the Gospel according to the Hebrews, also According to
the Egyptians; of the Nazarenes; Gospels of St. Peter, of St.
@ -514,12 +515,12 @@ was dead and the soul carried to heaven from her home and the dead
body laid in the grave, where it comes to life again for the
Heaven-trip. This clumsy fable, says CE., considerably "influenced
the Fathers" (Ib. i, 608), who were notoriously ehildish-minded. A </p>
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<p>very noted and notorious forgery was the Gospel of Paul and Thecla,
<p>very noted and notorious forgery was the Gospel of Paul and Thecla,
of which Father Tertullian relates, that this story wag fabricated
by an Elder of Asia Minor, who, when convicted of the fraud --
[this being the only known instance of such action], -- confessed
@ -541,7 +542,7 @@ of Rome of that name; very voluminous, and written about 140 A.D.,
not a line of New Testament "scriptures" do they quote, but they
quote freely from the O.T. and from various Jewish, Christian and
Pagan works. (EB. iii, 3486.)</p>
<p> Besides the above complete "Gospel" forgeries, there are
<p> Besides the above complete "Gospel" forgeries, there are
several more, and fragments of others, which purport to contain
"sayings" attributed to Jesus which are not contained in the Four
Gospels; and which are known as Agrapha, that is, things not
@ -561,7 +562,7 @@ Gospels not regarded as genuine, as Mt. vi, 13b; xvii, 21; Mk. xvi,
9-20; John vii, 53; viii, 2; also alleged quotations from the Old
Testament in the New Testament not found in the Old Testament."
(NIE. 1, 240.)</p>
<p> Of apocryphal Acts of Apostles we are edified by the Acts, or
<p> Of apocryphal Acts of Apostles we are edified by the Acts, or
Travels, (Greek, Pereodui) of Peter, (and separately) of John, of
Thomas, of Andrew, and of Paul; another Acts of Philip, Acts of
Matthew, of Bartholomew, of John, of judas Thomas. There is a whole
@ -574,12 +575,12 @@ Apocalypses abound, of which that of Peter, the Vision of Hermas,
the Vision of Paul, the Apocalypge of Paul, the Apocalypse of the
Virgin Mary. The didactic Preaching of Peter, the Teaching of the
Apostles, or Didache, containing warnings against Judaism and </p>
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<p>polytheism, and words of Jesus to the Apostles; another set
<p>polytheism, and words of Jesus to the Apostles; another set
containing a lament of Peter for his denial of Jesus, and various
ethical maxims a Syriac Preaching of Simon Cephas; a collection of
Hymns or Odes of Solomon. As if these were not enough for Christian
@ -591,7 +592,7 @@ standpoint." (NIE. i, 748.) A very celebrated forgery was the
Shepherd of Hermas, forged by Hermas,' supposed brother of Pius,
Bishop of Rome, about 150 A.D. See the vast catalogue (CE. i,
601-615).</p>
<p> A whole literature of Christian forgery grew up and had
<p> A whole literature of Christian forgery grew up and had
immense vogue under the designation of Acts Pilati, or Acts of
Pilate. One of the most popular of these was called the Gospel of
Nicodemus, of which CE,. says: "The alleged Hebrew orignal is
@ -634,12 +635,12 @@ commencement, might spread everywhere over the world." (Eusebius,
HE. II, 2.) Father Justin Martyr, in his Apologia, "appeals
confidently as a proof of them to the 'Acta' or records of Pilate,
existing in the imperial archives." Eusebius, relates spurious </p>
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<p>anti-Christian Acts of Pilate composed in the fourth century, the
<p>anti-Christian Acts of Pilate composed in the fourth century, the
Acta Pilati or Gospel of Nicodemus, Anphora Pilati, Paradoseis; a
still later fabrication is the Latin Epistola Pilati ad Tiberium,
Also the Letter of Herod to Pilate and Letter of Pilate to Herod;
@ -655,7 +656,7 @@ Acts of the Apostles was formed in the Frankish Church in the sixth
century, probably by a monk." (Ib. p. 610.) There were also "the
works accredited to Dionysius the Areopagite, who was not the
author of the works bearing his name." (lb. p. 638.)</p>
<p> Of highest importance because "these Acts are the chief source
<p> Of highest importance because "these Acts are the chief source
for details of the martyrdom of the two great Apostles," as admits
the CE., special notice is made of the "Catholic" Acts of Sts.
Peter and Paul, of which many MSS of "the legend" existed, the
@ -679,7 +680,7 @@ the Vatican,' and Paul on the Ostian Way. These Acts are the chief
source for details of the martyrdom of the two great Apostles. They
are also noteworthy as emphasizing the close concord between the
Apostolic founders of the Roman Church." (CE. i, 611-12.)</p>
<p> The reader is desired to bear well in mind the foregoing
<p> The reader is desired to bear well in mind the foregoing
paragraph, and particularly the last two sentences, the former of
immense significance when we come to review the falsified fiction
of the foundation of the Roman Church by Peter, -- the "chief
@ -691,13 +692,13 @@ Hermas, the Epistle of Barnabas, the Didache or Teaching of the
Twelve Apostles, and the Apostolic Canons and Constitutions, though
formally apocryphal, really belong to patristic literature" (CE. i,
601), -- that is, they are forged writings of the Fathers.</p>
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<p> THE FORGFD "APOSTLES' CREED"</p>
<p> The "Apotitles' Creed," forged by the Fathers several
<p> THE FORGFD "APOSTLES' CREED"</p>
<p> The "Apotitles' Creed," forged by the Fathers several
centuries after the Apostles, must be added to the Patristic list.
Of this famous Creed, which every Christian presumably knows by
rote and piously recites in numberless services, CE. again
@ -710,7 +711,7 @@ foreshadowed still earlier in a sermon attributed to St. Ambrose,
which takes notice that the Creed was 'pieced out by twelve
separate workmen.'" (CE. i, 629.) Indeed, "not a few works have
been falsely attributed to St. Ambrose." (CE. i, 387; cf. p. 406.)</p>
<p> We may smile at the peculiarly clerical way in which CE. would
<p> We may smile at the peculiarly clerical way in which CE. would
"whitewash" the great Bishop of Milan, St. Ambrose (e. 340-397),
from the lie direct which admittedly he told in that Sermon, --
saying that the Bishop simply "takes notice that the creed was
@ -724,8 +725,8 @@ p. 265; quoted in The New Testament Apocrypha, New York, The Truth
Seeker Co.) -- a work which I feel impelled to commend to all who
wish to know at first hand the 25 remarkable Chureh "Gospel"
forgeries there collected.</p>
<p> THE FORGED ATHANASIAN CREED</p>
<p> In likewise the celebrated Athanasian Creed of the Church,
<p> THE FORGED ATHANASIAN CREED</p>
<p> In likewise the celebrated Athanasian Creed of the Church,
attributed to St. Athanasius and so held by the Church "until the
seventeenth century" (CE. ii, 34), with most evil resiilts, is now
an admitter forgery. In words of Gibbon: "St. Athanasius is not the
@ -735,8 +736,8 @@ of the Western provinces. Gennadius, patriarch of Constitantinoble,
was so much amazed by this extraordinary composition, that he
frankly pronounced it to be the work of a drunken man." (Petav.
Dogmat. Theologica, tom. ii, 1, vii, c. 8, p. 687; Gibbon, p. 598.)</p>
<p> JESUS CHRIST'S FORGED LETTERS</p>
<p> We may look for a moment at several of the most notorious of
<p> JESUS CHRIST'S FORGED LETTERS</p>
<p> We may look for a moment at several of the most notorious of
the forgeries perpetrated for the glory of God and for imposture
upon the superstitious Christians to enhance Pagan credtulity in
the tales of Christ. If the Gospel tales were true, why should God
@ -747,12 +748,12 @@ lies, and what better proof of his actuality than to exhibit
letters written by him in his own handwriting? The "Little Liars of
the Lord" were equal to the forgery of the signature of their God,
-- false letters in his name, as above cited from that exhaustless </p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
<p> Bank of Wisdom
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101
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>mine of clerical falsities, the Catholic Encyclopedia, which again
<p>mine of clerical falsities, the Catholic Encyclopedia, which again
describes them, and proves that they 'Were forged by their great
Bisbop of Caesaria: "The historian Eusebius records [HE. I, xii],
a legend which he himself firmly believes concerning a
@ -771,7 +772,7 @@ the archives of Edessa." (CE. i, 610.) Again it is said by CE.,
that these forged letters, with the portrait, were "accepted by
Eusebius without hesitation, and used by Addision in his work on
Christian Evidences as genuine" (Ib. vi, 217).</p>
<p> It should be mentioned, first, that Abgar was not a personal
<p> It should be mentioned, first, that Abgar was not a personal
name of a King of Edessa, but was a generic title of all the rulers
of that small state: "By this title all the toparchs of Edessa were
called, just as the Roman Emperors were called Caesars, the Kings
@ -797,22 +798,22 @@ down to the present hour. There is, however, nothing to prevent our
hearing the very letters themselves, which have been taken by us
from the archives, and are in words to this effect, translated from
Aramaic into Greek.</p>
<p> "'Copy of the letter which was written by King Abgar to Jesus,
<p> "'Copy of the letter which was written by King Abgar to Jesus,
and sent to him by the hand of Ananias -- [the Bishop was the
Ananias in this tale, and aptly named his letter-carrier], -- the
Tabularius, to Jerusalem:</p>
<p> 'Abgar the Black, sovereign of the country, to Jesus, the good
<p> 'Abgar the Black, sovereign of the country, to Jesus, the good
Saviour, who has appeared in the country of Jerusalem: Peace. I
have heard about Thee, and about the healing which is wrought by
Thy hands without drugs and roots. For, as it is reported, Thou
makest the blind to see, and the lame to walk; and Thou cleansest
the lepers, and Thou castest out unclean spirits and demons, and </p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
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102
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>Thou healest those who are tormented with lingering diseases, and
<p>Thou healest those who are tormented with lingering diseases, and
Thou raisest the dead. And when I heard all these things about
Thee, I settled in my mind one of two things: either that Thou art
God, who has come down from heaven, and doest these things; or that
@ -822,10 +823,10 @@ Thyself to come to me, and heal this disease which I have. For I
have also heard that the Jews murmur against Thee, and wish to do
Thee harm. But I have a city, small and beautiful, which is
sufficient for two.'</p>
<p> "Copy of those things which were written by Jesus in reply by
<p> "Copy of those things which were written by Jesus in reply by
the hand of Ananias, the Tabularius, to Abgar, sovereign of the
country: --</p>
<p> 'Blessed is he that believeth in me, not having seen me. For
<p> 'Blessed is he that believeth in me, not having seen me. For
it is written concerning me, that those who see me will not believe
in me, and that those will believe who have not seen me, and will
be saved. But touching that which thou hast written to me, that I
@ -835,7 +836,7 @@ it, then I shall be taken up to Him that sent me; and, when I have
been taken up, I will send to thee one of my disciples, that he may
heal thy disease, and give salvation to thee and to those who are
with thee.'</p>
<p> "To these letters moreover, is appended the following, also in
<p> "To these letters moreover, is appended the following, also in
the Aramaic tongue", -- here following the official record of the
visit of one "Thaddaeus the apostle, one of the Seventy," and him
wonderful works in Edessa. "These things were done in the year 340.
@ -854,7 +855,7 @@ informed us of the miracles of Jesus.". With respect to the other
letters testimonial, it is recorded: "Abgar had not yet received
answers to these letters when he died, having reigned thirty-eight
years." (Ibid. pp. 657-741, 706.)</p>
<p> These crass episcopal forgeries were welcomed into the Church,
<p> These crass episcopal forgeries were welcomed into the Church,
and for fifteen centuries have gone unrebuked by Pope or Church.
Even since the Reformation so strong was the belief in the Abgar-Jesus forgeries, that notable prelates in England including
Archbishop Cave, have "strenuously contended for their admission
@ -863,20 +864,20 @@ that common people in England have this Epistle in their houses, in
many places, fixed in a frame, with the picture of Christ before
it; and that they generally, with much honesty and devotion, regard
it as the word of God, and the genuine Epistle of Christ." (Quoted </p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
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103
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>in editorial note to the Epistles, in The Lost Books of the Bible,
<p>in editorial note to the Epistles, in The Lost Books of the Bible,
p. 62.) To such state of superstitious credulity does the Church
with its pious impostures prostitute the minds of its ignorant and
credulous votaries. The portrait of Jesus, referred to above, is
said, in other versions of the Letter, to have been sent by Jesus
to the King; this portrait is now displayed at both Rome and Genoa.
(NIE. i, 38.)</p>
<p> OTHER FORGERIES FOR CHRIST'S SAKE</p>
<p> The pious fancy of the Fathers forged another official Letter,
<p> OTHER FORGERIES FOR CHRIST'S SAKE</p>
<p> The pious fancy of the Fathers forged another official Letter,
in the name of what CE. calls "a fictitious person," one Lentulus,
pretended predecessor of Pilate as governor of Judaea, to the Roman
Senate, giving a description of the personal appearance of Jesus
@ -895,7 +896,7 @@ the Roman Senate." (Ib. vi, 235.) But St. Augustine, says CE.,
Christ, and that the type of features was still undetermined, so
that we have absolutely no knowledge of His appearance." (De
Trinitate, lib. vii, ch. 45; CE. vi, 211, n.)</p>
<p> This, however, is contrary to the venerated Church fable and
<p> This, however, is contrary to the venerated Church fable and
artistic forgery current under the title of "St. Veronica's Veil,"
based on the tale in Luke (xxvii, 27) of the woman of Jerusalem who
offered to Jesus a linen cloth to wipe his face as he was carrying
@ -923,13 +924,13 @@ pious woman who, according to [Bishop] Gregory of Tours, brought to
the neighboring town of Bazas some drops of the blood of John the
Baptist, at whose beheading she was present," and CE. doesn't even
wink. (Ib.)</p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
<p> Bank of Wisdom
Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
104
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p> JOSEPHUS FORGERY TESTIFIES OF JESUS</p>
<p> So many confessed Christian forgeries in Pagan and Christian
<p> JOSEPHUS FORGERY TESTIFIES OF JESUS</p>
<p> So many confessed Christian forgeries in Pagan and Christian
names having been wrought to testify to Jesus Christ, it was, "one
naturally expects," says CE., that a Jewish "writer so well
informed as Josephus" must know and tell about Jesus; "one
@ -955,7 +956,7 @@ now for the much-debated section, sandwiched, in a whole chapter on
"Seditions of the Jews," between the accounts of two massacres of
his countrymen and "another sad calamity"; and thus we read -- note
the parentheses of CE. (viii, 376): --</p>
<p> "About this time," quotes CE., "appeared Jesus, a wise man (if
<p> "About this time," quotes CE., "appeared Jesus, a wise man (if
indeed it is right to call Him a man; for He was a worker of
astonishing deeds, a teacher of such men an receive the truth with
joy), and He drew to Himself many Jews (and many also of the
@ -965,7 +966,7 @@ cross, those who had first loved Him did not abandon Him. (For He
appeared to them alive on the third day, the holy prophets having
foretold this and countless other marvels about Him.) The tribe of
Christians named after Him did not cease to this day." (see. 3.)</p>
<p> About this time, also "another sad calamity [?] put the Jews
<p> About this time, also "another sad calamity [?] put the Jews
into disorder," (sec. 4). continues Josephus. CE. devotes over
three long columns to the task of trying to prove that this section
3, or at least "the portions not in parentheses," -- is genuine,
@ -982,12 +983,12 @@ named after Him." But whatever Josephus may have said about Jesus
is, indeed, not "a testimony so important" -- when we remember what
he did aver that he saw with his own eyes; the pillar of salt into
which Mrs. Lot was turned; and Eleazar the magician drawing the </p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
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Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
105
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>devil by a ring and Solomonic incantations, through the nose of one
<p>devil by a ring and Solomonic incantations, through the nose of one
possessed, before Vespasian and all his army. If Josephus had
written that he knew Jesus the Christ personally, and had
personally seen him ascend into heaven through the roof of the room
@ -995,7 +996,7 @@ in Jerusalem (Mk. xvi, 19, 20), or from the open countryside by
Bethany (Lk. xxiv, 50, 51), or "on the mount called Olivet" (Acts
i, 9, 12), -- we should remember that pillar of salt and that
devil-doctor, and smile.</p>
<p> But, when and how did this famous passage get into The
<p> But, when and how did this famous passage get into The
Antiquities of the Jews? it, is pertinent to ask. The first mention
ever made of this passage, and its text, are in the Church History
of that "very dishonest writer," Bishop Eusebius, in the fourth
@ -1031,22 +1032,22 @@ James, and expressly says that Josephus ought to have spoken of
Jesus instead of James; though Origen does not correctly describe
the reference to James; and the James passage, if not that also
about John, has a suspicious savor of interpolation.</p>
<p> For a clear understanding of this, I will quote the passage of
<p> For a clear understanding of this, I will quote the passage of
Origen in his work against Celsus; it completely refutes the claim
that Josephus wrote the disputed and forged section 3. Origen says:</p>
<p> "I would like to say to Celsus, who represents the Jew
<p> "I would like to say to Celsus, who represents the Jew
accepting John somehow as a Baptist, who baptized Jesus, that the
existence of John the Baptist, baptizing for the remission of sins,
is related by one who lived no great time after John and Jesus. For
in the 18th book of his Antiquities of the Jews, Josephus bears
witness to John as having been a Baptist, and as promising
purification to those who underwent the rite. Now this writer, </p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
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FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>although not believing in Jesus as the Christ, in seeking after the
<p>although not believing in Jesus as the Christ, in seeking after the
cause of the fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the temple
[said that it was 'to avenge James the Just'], whereas he ought to
have said that the conspiracy against Jesus was the cause of these
@ -1057,7 +1058,7 @@ the Jews as a punishment for the death of James the Just, who was
a brother of Jesus (called Christ), -- the Jews having put him to
death, although he was a man most distinguished for his justice."
(Origen, Contra Celsum, I, xlvii; ANF. iv, 416.)</p>
<p> Josephus is thus quoted as bearing witness to John the
<p> Josephus is thus quoted as bearing witness to John the
Baptist, not as the Heaven-sent "forerunner" of the Christ, but
simply as a Jewish religious teacher and baptizer on his own
account; and not a word by Josephus about the Christ, in whom it is
@ -1072,7 +1073,7 @@ purification of the body, as any washing would be. To vindicate
Josephus against Origen, the former's words are quoted. Josephus
recounts the defeat of Herod by Aretas, king of Arabia Petrea; and
goes on to say: --</p>
<p> "Now some of the Jews thought that the destruction of
<p> "Now some of the Jews thought that the destruction of
Herod's army came from God, and that very justly, as a
punishment of what he did against John, that was called the
Baptist; for Herod slew him, who was a good man, and commanded
@ -1093,18 +1094,18 @@ might make him repent of it when it should be too late.
Accordingly, he was sent a prisoner, out of Herod's suspicious
temper, to Macherus, the castle I before mentioned, and was
there put to death." (Josephus, Antiq. Jews, Bk. XVIII, v, 2.)</p>
<p> Beginning in section 4. of the same Book, and at length in
<p> Beginning in section 4. of the same Book, and at length in
various chapters, Josephus goes into details regarding Salome; but
never a word of the famous dance-act and of the head of John the
Baptist being brought in on a charger to gratify her murderous
whim: the historical reason for the murder of John was political,
not amorous or jealous, as related by Gospel-truth.</p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
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Box 926, Louisville, KY 40201
107
.
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p> Father Origen again falls into error in citing Josephus, this
<p> Father Origen again falls into error in citing Josephus, this
time in the dubious passage where Josephus, who does not believe in
the Christ, yet gives him that title in speaking of the death of
James. With typical clerical bent Father Origen imputes the fall of
@ -1119,13 +1120,13 @@ which was in 62 A.D., the appointment by Nero of Albinus as his
successor, and the murder of James at the instigation of the high
priest Ananus, before Albinus can arrive. this sentence is to be
read in the text of Josephus:</p>
<p> "Festus was now dead, and Albinus was but upon the road;
<p> "Festus was now dead, and Albinus was but upon the road;
so he (Ananus) assembled the sanhedrin of judges, and brought
before them the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ, whose
name was James, and some others; and when he had formulated an
accusation against them all breakers of the law, he delivered
them to be stoned." (Jos., Antiq. Jews, Bk. XX, ix, i.)</p>
<p> Bishop Eusebius cannot pass over this chance to turn another
<p> Bishop Eusebius cannot pass over this chance to turn another
Jewish testimony for his Christ; he says that "The wiser part of
the Jews were of the opinion that this -- (the killing of James) --
was the cause of the immediate siege of Jerusalem ... Josephus also
@ -1134,7 +1135,7 @@ things,' he says, 'happened to the Jews to avenge James the Just,
who was the brother of him that is called Christ, and whom the Jews
had slain, notwithstanding his preeminent justice.'" (Euseb. Hist.
Eccles. Bk. II, ch. 23.)</p>
<p> The reader may judge of the integrity of these pretended
<p> The reader may judge of the integrity of these pretended
Jewish testimonies to the Baptist and to the brother of the Christ,
both suspicious per se, and both falsely cited by Father Origen,
who in all this could not find the famous section 3, first found a
@ -1145,7 +1146,7 @@ Bishop who forged the Letter of his Christ, and lied about finding
it in the Edessa archives, really "found," in the sense of
invented, or forged, the Josephus passages first heard of in his
Church History?</p>
<p> But Bishop Eusebius, with a sort of "stop thief" forethought,
<p> But Bishop Eusebius, with a sort of "stop thief" forethought,
himself imputes forgery to those who would question or discredit
his own pious inventions, while with unctuous fervor pretended
truth he appeals to the wonderful "testimonies of Josephus," which
@ -1157,17 +1158,17 @@ themselves, both respecting John the Baptist and our Savior, what
subterfuge can be left, to prevent those from being convicted
destitute of all shame, who have forged the acts against them?"
(Eusebius, HE. I, xi.) The Bishop justly pronounces his own </p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
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FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>condemnation. This, says Gibbon, "is an example of no vulgar
<p>condemnation. This, says Gibbon, "is an example of no vulgar
forgery." (Chap. xvi.) In view of the convicting circumstances, and
of his notoriously bad record, it, is not uncharitable to impute
this Josephus forgery to Bishop Eusebius.</p>
<p> THE OWL-ANGEL FORGERY</p>
<p> Another story of Pagan superstition related by Josephus, and
<p> THE OWL-ANGEL FORGERY</p>
<p> Another story of Pagan superstition related by Josephus, and
twisted by the Christian invention of Bishop Eusebius and the
sacred writers of Acts into inspired "history" and truth of God, is
the celebrated angel-owl passage relating to the tragic death of
@ -1180,13 +1181,13 @@ mortal, as a god; but his mortality was quickly made evident by his
sudden illness and death. It may be explained that the word "angel"
(Greek, angelos) means simply "messenger" or herald. Thus proceeds
Josephus:</p>
<p> "But" he [Herod] presently afterward looked up, he saw an
<p> "But" he [Herod] presently afterward looked up, he saw an
owl sitting upon a certain rope over his head, and immediately
understood that this bird was a messenger [Gr. angelos] of
ill-tidings." Herod was shortly seized with "severe pains in
his belly," and died after five days of suffering." (Jos.
Antiq. Jews, XIX, viii, 2.)</p>
<p> This was too Paganish and prosaic for the pious Christian
<p> This was too Paganish and prosaic for the pious Christian
fancy of Bishop Eusebius; so while he was forging the "Jesus
passage," he proceeded to give Christian embellishment for
edification to the "owl" story, with its use of the word "angelos."
@ -1215,12 +1216,12 @@ immediately to be an omen of evil'! Thus far Josephus: in which
statement, as in others, I can but admire his agreement with the
divine Scriptures"! (Eusebius, HE. II, x.) An angel hanging on a
rope over one's head might well have been taken by a superstitious </p>
<p> Bank of Wisdom
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FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p>person as ominous of something -- maybe of a hung angel. This pious
<p>person as ominous of something -- maybe of a hung angel. This pious
story, with the owl piously metamorphosed into an angel, was
apparently cribbed from Josephus also by the writer of Acts, or
maybe "interpolated" into it by the fanciful Bishop. There we find
@ -1236,13 +1237,13 @@ the simple Pagan superstition. Herod probably died from acute
indigestion caused by the excesses of the festivities, or from an
attack of peritonitis or appendicitis. Profane history of the event
does not chronicle the devouring, avenging worms of God.</p>
<p> The forgery of pious documents of every imaginable character
<p> The forgery of pious documents of every imaginable character
was among the most constant and zealous activities of the holy
propagandists of the Christian Faith, from the beginning to the
critical era when forgeries were no longer possible or profitable.
A fitting close to this review is the following omnibus confession
-- the Churches cheating each other by forgeries:</p>
<p> "Indeed, in later times, we hear of recovered autographs
<p> "Indeed, in later times, we hear of recovered autographs
of Apostolic writings in the controversies about the Apostolic
origin of some Churches or about claims for metropolitan
dignity. So the autograph of the Gospel of St. Matthew was
@ -1255,7 +1256,7 @@ question. We regard it as useless to record what may be found
on these topirg in the vast amount of matter that makes up the
apocryphal Acts of the Apostles and other legendary
documents." (CE. 635.)</p>
<p> Among some of these not already mentioned are found "The
<p> Among some of these not already mentioned are found "The
Gospel of Our Lord Jesus Christ, the Canons of Pseudo-Hippolytus,
The Egyptian Church Ordinance." (CE. i, 636.) Also: "In the last
years of the fifth century a famous document attributed to Popes
@ -1273,54 +1274,55 @@ ignorant "Christians, who for the most part are untrained and
illiterate persons," as shown in the Octavius of Minucius Felix (V,
xi), and the whole Church, were gulled by these frauds for a
thousand years.</p>
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FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p> Before looking into the forgery of the New Testament Books, we
<p> Before looking into the forgery of the New Testament Books, we
shall first draw, from their own words, cameo pen-sketches of those
great men of God and of Holy Church, who under the fond name of
Fathers, but with the minds and devious ways of little children,
forged the sacred documents of the Faith, and by their pious labors
of fraud and forgery founded what is credulously called the Church
of Christ and the Most Holy Christian Faith.</p>
<p> FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p> Abbreviations used for most often used sources:</p>
<p> The libraries of the Union Theological Seminary and of
<p> FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY</p>
<p> Abbreviations used for most often used sources:</p>
<p> The libraries of the Union Theological Seminary and of
Columbia University, in New York City, were the places of the finds
here recorded. Cited so often, space will be saved for more
valuable uses by citing by their initials, -- which will become
very familiar -- my chief ecclesiastical authorities, towit:</p>
<p> The Ante-Nicene Fathers, cited as ANF.; A Collection of the
<p> The Ante-Nicene Fathers, cited as ANF.; A Collection of the
extant Writings of all the Founders of Christianity down to the
Council of Nicaea, or Nice, in 325 A.D. American Reprint, eight
volumes. The Christian Literature Publishing Co., Buffalo, N.Y.,
1885. [xxx]</p>
<p> The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, cited as N&amp;PNF.; First and
<p> The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, cited as N&amp;PNF.; First and
Second Series; many volumes; same publishers.</p>
<p> The Catholic Encyclopedia, cited as CE.; fifteen volumes and
<p> The Catholic Encyclopedia, cited as CE.; fifteen volumes and
index, published under the Imprimatur of Archbishop Farley; New
York, Robert Appleton Co., 1907-9.</p>
<p> The Encyclopedia Biblica, cited as EB., four volumes; Adam &amp;
<p> The Encyclopedia Biblica, cited as EB., four volumes; Adam &amp;
Charles Black, London, 1899; American Reprint, The Macmillan Co.,
New York, 1914.</p>
<p> Reproducible Electronic Publishing can defeat censorship.</p>
<p> The UNITED STATES of America
<p> Reproducible Electronic Publishing can defeat censorship.</p>
<p> The UNITED STATES of America
must again become
The Free Market-Place of Ideas.</p>
<p> The Bank of Wisdom is always looking for more of these old,
<p> The Bank of Wisdom is always looking for more of these old,
hidden, suppressed and forgotten books that contain needed facts
and information for today. If you have such books please contact
us, we need to give them back to America.</p>
<p> **** ****
<p> **** ****
You are reading
FORGERY IN CHRISTIANITY
by
Joseph Wheliss
1930</p>
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</p>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p> in
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p> in
********************* EVERYDAY LIFE ********************</p>
<p> by
<p> by
T.B. PAWLICKI
______________________________
I I
@ -14,255 +15,255 @@ I VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA I
I V8W 1H6 I
I CANADA I
I______________________________I </p>
<p> Thank you for participating in a pioneering publishing </p>
<p>venture. </p>
<p> Mass communication has progressed through four major </p>
<p>transformations. The first revolution separated the author from </p>
<p>his audience by means of writing; the LITERATI became a secret </p>
<p>society of COGNOSCENTI that used its exclusive knowledge to </p>
<p>dominate the ignorant masses. Modern democracy began when movable </p>
<p>type made it possible for a message to be received by everyone </p>
<p>who could read. Recently, radio broadcasting countered the first </p>
<p>and second revolutions by delivering messages to everyone who </p>
<p>can't read; television is likely to be the MATADOR of democracy. </p>
<p>The capital cost of printing plants and broadcasting studios </p>
<p>limits the messengers to parties of power and wealth, whose </p>
<p>messages are determined to maintain the STATUS QUO --- natcherly </p>
<p>--- especially their own status plus all the more quid they can </p>
<p>quo. The tragic consequence of mass communications has been the </p>
<p>dissemination of tendencious knowledge to enslave the minds of </p>
<p>mankind, rather than free us to experience our own ignorance </p>
<p>until we learn better. A truly free press for truly free minds </p>
<p>could not exist until the personal home photocopier brought </p>
<p>publishing within the economic capacity of every person with a </p>
<p>message and postage. As well as reducing the cost of copying to a </p>
<p>few pennies per kilowatt hour, the computer completes the </p>
<p>revolution of mass communications by restoring audience feedback. </p>
<p>As camels and soups show, quality goes down as participation </p>
<p>increases, but participation is better for the participators; </p>
<p>eventually, participators support higher standards.</p>
<p> Since authors began to write, instead of speaking directly </p>
<p>to their audience, ideas have flowed in one direction, only. It </p>
<p>is, however, as impossible to teach without learning as it is to </p>
<p>learn without teaching, which is why so little is learned from </p>
<p>reading books. For the first time since the advent of writing, </p>
<p>the computer makes it possible for readers to contribute to the </p>
<p>discourse and transform a lecture into a dialogue, a </p>
<p>conversation, a seminar, a workshop, a global town meeting.</p>
<p> Finding a publisher for my first book, How To Build A
<p> Thank you for participating in a pioneering publishing </p>
<p>venture. </p>
<p> Mass communication has progressed through four major </p>
<p>transformations. The first revolution separated the author from </p>
<p>his audience by means of writing; the LITERATI became a secret </p>
<p>society of COGNOSCENTI that used its exclusive knowledge to </p>
<p>dominate the ignorant masses. Modern democracy began when movable </p>
<p>type made it possible for a message to be received by everyone </p>
<p>who could read. Recently, radio broadcasting countered the first </p>
<p>and second revolutions by delivering messages to everyone who </p>
<p>can't read; television is likely to be the MATADOR of democracy. </p>
<p>The capital cost of printing plants and broadcasting studios </p>
<p>limits the messengers to parties of power and wealth, whose </p>
<p>messages are determined to maintain the STATUS QUO --- natcherly </p>
<p>--- especially their own status plus all the more quid they can </p>
<p>quo. The tragic consequence of mass communications has been the </p>
<p>dissemination of tendencious knowledge to enslave the minds of </p>
<p>mankind, rather than free us to experience our own ignorance </p>
<p>until we learn better. A truly free press for truly free minds </p>
<p>could not exist until the personal home photocopier brought </p>
<p>publishing within the economic capacity of every person with a </p>
<p>message and postage. As well as reducing the cost of copying to a </p>
<p>few pennies per kilowatt hour, the computer completes the </p>
<p>revolution of mass communications by restoring audience feedback. </p>
<p>As camels and soups show, quality goes down as participation </p>
<p>increases, but participation is better for the participators; </p>
<p>eventually, participators support higher standards.</p>
<p> Since authors began to write, instead of speaking directly </p>
<p>to their audience, ideas have flowed in one direction, only. It </p>
<p>is, however, as impossible to teach without learning as it is to </p>
<p>learn without teaching, which is why so little is learned from </p>
<p>reading books. For the first time since the advent of writing, </p>
<p>the computer makes it possible for readers to contribute to the </p>
<p>discourse and transform a lecture into a dialogue, a </p>
<p>conversation, a seminar, a workshop, a global town meeting.</p>
<p> Finding a publisher for my first book, How To Build A
--------------
Flying Saucer, took nearly ten years; nearly ten more years
-------------
passed while my market grew to critical mass by word of mouth. </p>
<p>Now people are reading my first book as if the ideas were as hot </p>
<p>as tomorrow's news, but a whole generation has grown up to </p>
<p>drinking age --- and another generation has died of cirrhotic </p>
<p>livers --- since I was working out those early insights. My </p>
<p>ideas develop so rapidly that I had to rewrite the manuscript </p>
<p>every year until it was published. Once printed, however, the </p>
<p>printing plates are as immutable as graven stone. As soon as I </p>
<p>began to write my personal correspondence on computer, I </p>
<p>realized that this electronic medium keeps discoveries alive and </p>
<p>growing through pooling contributions in ways not feasible by </p>
<p>any other means of communication. The entire industry is built</p>
<p>by fielding half-baked ideas and then improving them with </p>
<p>consumer feedback, as it goes along; no other industry advances </p>
<p>so fast, and in no other industry do the suppliers lag behind </p>
<p>the advances made by their own demanders. And thus it came to </p>
<p>pass as I was speaking to the Global Sciences Congress, held at </p>
<p>Denver in August, l987, that the idea came to me to offer my </p>
<p>audience my current manuscripts explaining HYPERSPACE to
<p>Now people are reading my first book as if the ideas were as hot </p>
<p>as tomorrow's news, but a whole generation has grown up to </p>
<p>drinking age --- and another generation has died of cirrhotic </p>
<p>livers --- since I was working out those early insights. My </p>
<p>ideas develop so rapidly that I had to rewrite the manuscript </p>
<p>every year until it was published. Once printed, however, the </p>
<p>printing plates are as immutable as graven stone. As soon as I </p>
<p>began to write my personal correspondence on computer, I </p>
<p>realized that this electronic medium keeps discoveries alive and </p>
<p>growing through pooling contributions in ways not feasible by </p>
<p>any other means of communication. The entire industry is built</p>
<p>by fielding half-baked ideas and then improving them with </p>
<p>consumer feedback, as it goes along; no other industry advances </p>
<p>so fast, and in no other industry do the suppliers lag behind </p>
<p>the advances made by their own demanders. And thus it came to </p>
<p>pass as I was speaking to the Global Sciences Congress, held at </p>
<p>Denver in August, l987, that the idea came to me to offer my </p>
<p>audience my current manuscripts explaining HYPERSPACE to
----------
everyone who would participate by also sharing their ideas on </p>
<p>computer discs.</p>
<p> Ideally, a book of this nature should be transmitted over </p>
<p>wires to be downloaded by Special Interest Groups on </p>
<p>international networks. In the present state of the art, </p>
<p>however, computers still cannot replace paper. This </p>
<p>unrealistically jealous industry has not yet made files </p>
<p>universally readable, like sound and film tapes, and it is still </p>
<p>impractical to transmit text formats and illustrations through </p>
<p>wires. Even after the computer industry gets its parameters </p>
<p>together, all of us early worms will remain stuck with our </p>
<p>capital investments. Therefore, I have decided to print my </p>
<p>manuscripts onto discs for postal distribution to the computers </p>
<p>being used now.
<p>computer discs.</p>
<p> Ideally, a book of this nature should be transmitted over </p>
<p>wires to be downloaded by Special Interest Groups on </p>
<p>international networks. In the present state of the art, </p>
<p>however, computers still cannot replace paper. This </p>
<p>unrealistically jealous industry has not yet made files </p>
<p>universally readable, like sound and film tapes, and it is still </p>
<p>impractical to transmit text formats and illustrations through </p>
<p>wires. Even after the computer industry gets its parameters </p>
<p>together, all of us early worms will remain stuck with our </p>
<p>capital investments. Therefore, I have decided to print my </p>
<p>manuscripts onto discs for postal distribution to the computers </p>
<p>being used now.
---</p>
<p> This enterprise will succeed only if each reader will make </p>
<p>at least two copies and pass them on. Some readers may not know </p>
<p>three other people with compatible computers, so it is hoped </p>
<p>that readers with the most popular computer models will pass on </p>
<p>to their computing friends as many copies as they feel this </p>
<p>publication is worth. If anyone can make conversions to </p>
<p>unpopular computers, a copy returned to me will be passed on to </p>
<p>other readers out in left field.</p>
<p> This brings us to the matter of copyrights. Most people
<p> This enterprise will succeed only if each reader will make </p>
<p>at least two copies and pass them on. Some readers may not know </p>
<p>three other people with compatible computers, so it is hoped </p>
<p>that readers with the most popular computer models will pass on </p>
<p>to their computing friends as many copies as they feel this </p>
<p>publication is worth. If anyone can make conversions to </p>
<p>unpopular computers, a copy returned to me will be passed on to </p>
<p>other readers out in left field.</p>
<p> This brings us to the matter of copyrights. Most people
----------
believe that anyone may freely copy published material in any </p>
<p>numbers for any purpose as long as the copies are not sold for a </p>
<p>profit (*1). If legal process were not so expensive, a lot of </p>
<p>copycats would learn how very mistaken they are. Copyright </p>
<p>entitles the author to assign legal permission to make copies and </p>
<p>set the conditions of contract. Although I am assigning all my </p>
<p>readers the right to make copies and distribute this literature </p>
<p>freely, the formal copyright remains mine. Any party enterprising </p>
<p>enough to reproduce these discs by the hundred for sale at a </p>
<p>profit will very likely interest my attorney to offer a royalty </p>
<p>contract as a more attractive alternative to a court ordered </p>
<p>remedy. Any party that fails to include my byline and copyright </p>
<p>notice will be taken to task for the more serious offense of</p>
<p>plagiarism.
<p>numbers for any purpose as long as the copies are not sold for a </p>
<p>profit (*1). If legal process were not so expensive, a lot of </p>
<p>copycats would learn how very mistaken they are. Copyright </p>
<p>entitles the author to assign legal permission to make copies and </p>
<p>set the conditions of contract. Although I am assigning all my </p>
<p>readers the right to make copies and distribute this literature </p>
<p>freely, the formal copyright remains mine. Any party enterprising </p>
<p>enough to reproduce these discs by the hundred for sale at a </p>
<p>profit will very likely interest my attorney to offer a royalty </p>
<p>contract as a more attractive alternative to a court ordered </p>
<p>remedy. Any party that fails to include my byline and copyright </p>
<p>notice will be taken to task for the more serious offense of</p>
<p>plagiarism.
----------</p>
<p> Heckling is a part of all public speaking, and most of the </p>
<p>fun. If hecklers had a fair chance to give their opinions, many </p>
<p>of them would have more to say than the speakers, and some may </p>
<p>have better ideas. The only way a reader can add his two bits </p>
<p>worth to a discourse is by scribbling in the margins of public </p>
<p>library books. Anything that can be done will be done, so </p>
<p>hecklers will always be with us, and so will graffiti, along </p>
<p>with carefully considered letters to editors. Since it is so </p>
<p>easy to add and subtract opinions to a magnetic publication, a </p>
<p>lot of opinionated readers are going to do it. The main purpose </p>
<p>of this venture is to turn audience feedback into an advantage </p>
<p>--- for everyone --- by encouraging constructive criticism </p>
<p>guided by rules for fair comment within the laws governing </p>
<p>copyright and public utterance.</p>
<p> By the nature of this medium, this publication is going to </p>
<p>be shared by an unknown number of readers. Those who want to </p>
<p>give us the benefit of their superior information are asked to </p>
<p>follow these rules. On those matters that readers can wait for, </p>
<p>please append your comments to the end of the file. If you feel </p>
<p>that your information needs to be interjected, then mark the </p>
<p>beginning and end of your contribution with lines or stars.</p>
<p>Please include your name and the date so that we know whom to </p>
<p>credit. If you find mistakes of fact, your immediate correction </p>
<p>is eagerly asked for. Critics looking for an argument improve </p>
<p>their chances by including their addresses. If you are so </p>
<p>offended by some statements that you are compelled to make </p>
<p>deletions, please mark your censorship with a notice of the </p>
<p>amount of text you deleted, in numbers of lines or bytes, and </p>
<p>include your name and date to prove the courage of your </p>
<p>convictions. Anyone who wants to retain his copyright on </p>
<p>contributions is advised to include notice of their legal claim </p>
<p>so that no one will assume that all commentaries and </p>
<p>contributions are in the public domain. Expect disputes; </p>
<p>democracy is not for weak stomachs and faint hearts.</p>
<p> Depending on the number of readers who distribute more </p>
<p>copies, and the number of contributions added --- not to mention </p>
<p>subtracted --- my original text will be unrecognizable by the </p>
<p>time this print passes through a dozen recopies. There is no way </p>
<p>to know whether all contributors have marked the changes they </p>
<p>make. Neither is there any way to know whether they have their </p>
<p>facts correct, unless they cite their sources for reference. </p>
<p>Furthermore, these discs are communicated person-to-person </p>
<p>through private, first-class mail, making the message into a </p>
<p>conversation between acquaintances rather than a publication to </p>
<p>strangers; it is permissible to say things in private and </p>
<p>personal mail that is regarded as unethical, if not illegal, in </p>
<p>public utterance. Therefore, all readers must always remember </p>
<p>and bear in mind that the copy they are reading is a </p>
<p>BOUILLABAISSE stirred by many cooks, not a FILET MIGNON SAUTEED </p>
<p>by a chef. Unless you receive a copy that you can certify as </p>
<p>unaltered from the original, do not believe anything that </p>
<p>offends your common sense and don't hold the original author or </p>
<p>signed contributors responsible for statements and/or context </p>
<p>that may have been altered by hecklers who prefer to remain </p>
<p>anonymous (*2). My own editors have altered my manuscripts until </p>
<p>I could hardly recognize my publications as my own compositions </p>
<p>--- usually for the better. If some party suffers personal </p>
<p>injury from this special interest group disc, everyone who </p>
<p>receives it becomes suspect. This is an utterly novel kind of </p>
<p>case for the courts to rule on, not quite so much privileged </p>
<p>privacy as a closed computer conference but still a one-on-one </p>
<p>private correspondence. I dare say that honest mistakes will be </p>
<p>excused with a pointed finger, but deliberate malice producing </p>
<p>suffering to an identifiable person, when proven unjustified in </p>
<p>these litiginous times, will be liable to legal penalties. We may </p>
<p>protect ourselves from slanderous or obscene remarks by scanning </p>
<p>each disc immediately before mailing, to check that no one else </p>
<p>has run the copy and added comments disgraceful to polite </p>
<p>company.</p>
<p> I have enough discoveries in my head to keep me writing </p>
<p>full time for ten years --- I should live so long. In the </p>
<p>likelihood that my insurance is vastly underrated, I am </p>
<p>curtailing my research and graphic design in order to put as </p>
<p>much of my time as I can into getting my ideas written. </p>
<p>Unfortunately, the charter members of this publishing revolution </p>
<p>will receive bare bones of text, a dearth shared by everyone who </p>
<p>buys Version 1.0 of any program. The economy of electronic </p>
<p>publication, however, enables me to update my text whenever I </p>
<p>get a break, add animated illustrations in colour, and enliven </p>
<p>the text with creative layouts in future editions. Most </p>
<p>important of all, as copies eventually find their way back to me </p>
<p>with accumulated reader input, new editions can be issued with </p>
<p>the latest and most extensive information --- better than </p>
<p>anything I can do. This publication can be considered as a book </p>
<p>written by its best qualified readers. In order to receive </p>
<p>updates and new books, all readers will have to send me their </p>
<p>names and addresses, regardless whence they received their </p>
<p>copies. Please bear in mind that my resources are exceedingly </p>
<p>limited, and expect to wait like a Christian for me to follow up </p>
<p>in my spare time. I expect this enterprise to be taken over by </p>
<p>more resourceful enthusiasts.</p>
<p> The definitive version of this disc book will be written on </p>
<p>an APPLE IIc, in ASCII files; the animated illustrations will be </p>
<p>rendered with DAZZLE DRAW and FANTAVISION --- if I can't find </p>
<p>more practical graphics programs. I invested in the APPLE system </p>
<p>because I believed all the press reports that the computer field </p>
<p>has more APPLE trees planted than anything else. I am deceived; </p>
<p>MS-DOS is the most widely used operating system on this scene. </p>
<p>This original version, however, is written on a KAYPRO II </p>
<p>operated by CP/M 2.2 in WORDSTAR 3.3. files. It will take me </p>
<p>time to convert WORDSTAR files to ASCII, and then convert both </p>
<p>to MS-DOS. The few graphics included on this disc are drawn with </p>
<p>keyboard characters. Since the ASCII code is standardized only </p>
<p>for alphanumeric characters, computers using different keyboard </p>
<p>codes will produce surprising characters --- the trouble is not </p>
<p>in the disk or your computer.</p>
<p> As long as computers remain inconvenient to read in bed or </p>
<p>on public transportation, I shall concurrently try to find </p>
<p>publishers for paper versions of my disc books. These discs hold </p>
<p>the beginning of a 75000 word paper book, heavily illustrated </p>
<p>with animated illustrations included on disc, under the title </p>
<p>TIME TRAVEL --- The Secret Science of The UFOs. Availing myself
<p> Heckling is a part of all public speaking, and most of the </p>
<p>fun. If hecklers had a fair chance to give their opinions, many </p>
<p>of them would have more to say than the speakers, and some may </p>
<p>have better ideas. The only way a reader can add his two bits </p>
<p>worth to a discourse is by scribbling in the margins of public </p>
<p>library books. Anything that can be done will be done, so </p>
<p>hecklers will always be with us, and so will graffiti, along </p>
<p>with carefully considered letters to editors. Since it is so </p>
<p>easy to add and subtract opinions to a magnetic publication, a </p>
<p>lot of opinionated readers are going to do it. The main purpose </p>
<p>of this venture is to turn audience feedback into an advantage </p>
<p>--- for everyone --- by encouraging constructive criticism </p>
<p>guided by rules for fair comment within the laws governing </p>
<p>copyright and public utterance.</p>
<p> By the nature of this medium, this publication is going to </p>
<p>be shared by an unknown number of readers. Those who want to </p>
<p>give us the benefit of their superior information are asked to </p>
<p>follow these rules. On those matters that readers can wait for, </p>
<p>please append your comments to the end of the file. If you feel </p>
<p>that your information needs to be interjected, then mark the </p>
<p>beginning and end of your contribution with lines or stars.</p>
<p>Please include your name and the date so that we know whom to </p>
<p>credit. If you find mistakes of fact, your immediate correction </p>
<p>is eagerly asked for. Critics looking for an argument improve </p>
<p>their chances by including their addresses. If you are so </p>
<p>offended by some statements that you are compelled to make </p>
<p>deletions, please mark your censorship with a notice of the </p>
<p>amount of text you deleted, in numbers of lines or bytes, and </p>
<p>include your name and date to prove the courage of your </p>
<p>convictions. Anyone who wants to retain his copyright on </p>
<p>contributions is advised to include notice of their legal claim </p>
<p>so that no one will assume that all commentaries and </p>
<p>contributions are in the public domain. Expect disputes; </p>
<p>democracy is not for weak stomachs and faint hearts.</p>
<p> Depending on the number of readers who distribute more </p>
<p>copies, and the number of contributions added --- not to mention </p>
<p>subtracted --- my original text will be unrecognizable by the </p>
<p>time this print passes through a dozen recopies. There is no way </p>
<p>to know whether all contributors have marked the changes they </p>
<p>make. Neither is there any way to know whether they have their </p>
<p>facts correct, unless they cite their sources for reference. </p>
<p>Furthermore, these discs are communicated person-to-person </p>
<p>through private, first-class mail, making the message into a </p>
<p>conversation between acquaintances rather than a publication to </p>
<p>strangers; it is permissible to say things in private and </p>
<p>personal mail that is regarded as unethical, if not illegal, in </p>
<p>public utterance. Therefore, all readers must always remember </p>
<p>and bear in mind that the copy they are reading is a </p>
<p>BOUILLABAISSE stirred by many cooks, not a FILET MIGNON SAUTEED </p>
<p>by a chef. Unless you receive a copy that you can certify as </p>
<p>unaltered from the original, do not believe anything that </p>
<p>offends your common sense and don't hold the original author or </p>
<p>signed contributors responsible for statements and/or context </p>
<p>that may have been altered by hecklers who prefer to remain </p>
<p>anonymous (*2). My own editors have altered my manuscripts until </p>
<p>I could hardly recognize my publications as my own compositions </p>
<p>--- usually for the better. If some party suffers personal </p>
<p>injury from this special interest group disc, everyone who </p>
<p>receives it becomes suspect. This is an utterly novel kind of </p>
<p>case for the courts to rule on, not quite so much privileged </p>
<p>privacy as a closed computer conference but still a one-on-one </p>
<p>private correspondence. I dare say that honest mistakes will be </p>
<p>excused with a pointed finger, but deliberate malice producing </p>
<p>suffering to an identifiable person, when proven unjustified in </p>
<p>these litiginous times, will be liable to legal penalties. We may </p>
<p>protect ourselves from slanderous or obscene remarks by scanning </p>
<p>each disc immediately before mailing, to check that no one else </p>
<p>has run the copy and added comments disgraceful to polite </p>
<p>company.</p>
<p> I have enough discoveries in my head to keep me writing </p>
<p>full time for ten years --- I should live so long. In the </p>
<p>likelihood that my insurance is vastly underrated, I am </p>
<p>curtailing my research and graphic design in order to put as </p>
<p>much of my time as I can into getting my ideas written. </p>
<p>Unfortunately, the charter members of this publishing revolution </p>
<p>will receive bare bones of text, a dearth shared by everyone who </p>
<p>buys Version 1.0 of any program. The economy of electronic </p>
<p>publication, however, enables me to update my text whenever I </p>
<p>get a break, add animated illustrations in colour, and enliven </p>
<p>the text with creative layouts in future editions. Most </p>
<p>important of all, as copies eventually find their way back to me </p>
<p>with accumulated reader input, new editions can be issued with </p>
<p>the latest and most extensive information --- better than </p>
<p>anything I can do. This publication can be considered as a book </p>
<p>written by its best qualified readers. In order to receive </p>
<p>updates and new books, all readers will have to send me their </p>
<p>names and addresses, regardless whence they received their </p>
<p>copies. Please bear in mind that my resources are exceedingly </p>
<p>limited, and expect to wait like a Christian for me to follow up </p>
<p>in my spare time. I expect this enterprise to be taken over by </p>
<p>more resourceful enthusiasts.</p>
<p> The definitive version of this disc book will be written on </p>
<p>an APPLE IIc, in ASCII files; the animated illustrations will be </p>
<p>rendered with DAZZLE DRAW and FANTAVISION --- if I can't find </p>
<p>more practical graphics programs. I invested in the APPLE system </p>
<p>because I believed all the press reports that the computer field </p>
<p>has more APPLE trees planted than anything else. I am deceived; </p>
<p>MS-DOS is the most widely used operating system on this scene. </p>
<p>This original version, however, is written on a KAYPRO II </p>
<p>operated by CP/M 2.2 in WORDSTAR 3.3. files. It will take me </p>
<p>time to convert WORDSTAR files to ASCII, and then convert both </p>
<p>to MS-DOS. The few graphics included on this disc are drawn with </p>
<p>keyboard characters. Since the ASCII code is standardized only </p>
<p>for alphanumeric characters, computers using different keyboard </p>
<p>codes will produce surprising characters --- the trouble is not </p>
<p>in the disk or your computer.</p>
<p> As long as computers remain inconvenient to read in bed or </p>
<p>on public transportation, I shall concurrently try to find </p>
<p>publishers for paper versions of my disc books. These discs hold </p>
<p>the beginning of a 75000 word paper book, heavily illustrated </p>
<p>with animated illustrations included on disc, under the title </p>
<p>TIME TRAVEL --- The Secret Science of The UFOs. Availing myself
----------- ------------------------------
of the impermanent and quasiconversational nature of magnetic </p>
<p>correspondence, I have included many speculations and tangents </p>
<p>on these disks to stimulate response; these unessential essays </p>
<p>will be deleted from the paper version. The heaviest reading is </p>
<p>the Second Chapter; once you establish the theoretical </p>
<p>foundation laid in my repetitive manner of logic, the rest of </p>
<p>the book is freeway, much like the First Chapter. For the first </p>
<p>time, the theory and engineering of time travel are explained in </p>
<p>sufficient practical detail for young physicists to begin </p>
<p>constructing their own Philadelphia Experiments in their home </p>
<p>workshops; at least one researcher I know is doing it already, </p>
<p>in California. Let me know whether you are willing to buy </p>
<p>TIME TRAVEL --- The Secret Science of The UFOs at a prepublication
<p>correspondence, I have included many speculations and tangents </p>
<p>on these disks to stimulate response; these unessential essays </p>
<p>will be deleted from the paper version. The heaviest reading is </p>
<p>the Second Chapter; once you establish the theoretical </p>
<p>foundation laid in my repetitive manner of logic, the rest of </p>
<p>the book is freeway, much like the First Chapter. For the first </p>
<p>time, the theory and engineering of time travel are explained in </p>
<p>sufficient practical detail for young physicists to begin </p>
<p>constructing their own Philadelphia Experiments in their home </p>
<p>workshops; at least one researcher I know is doing it already, </p>
<p>in California. Let me know whether you are willing to buy </p>
<p>TIME TRAVEL --- The Secret Science of The UFOs at a prepublication
----------- ------------------------------
price of $10 or a postpublication price of $16. Send no money. I </p>
<p>only want to know whether there is a market for a paper book </p>
<p>before I invest more than I can afford to print it. I apologize </p>
<p>for my inability to acknowlege subscribers to this paper book by </p>
<p>individual letters, as they are received; at a dollar a letter, </p>
<p>the cost of mailing is prohibitive. Subscribers will be notified </p>
<p>individually to write their cheques when the response is </p>
<p>sufficient to underwrite publication. In the meantime, enquiries </p>
<p>from royalty publishers are welcome. Zees is a bootstrap </p>
<p>production, Dollink --- my apologies to Zsa Zsa. </p>
<p> END OF FORWARD </p>
<p>*1 This is the belief taken by the Government of the United
<p>only want to know whether there is a market for a paper book </p>
<p>before I invest more than I can afford to print it. I apologize </p>
<p>for my inability to acknowlege subscribers to this paper book by </p>
<p>individual letters, as they are received; at a dollar a letter, </p>
<p>the cost of mailing is prohibitive. Subscribers will be notified </p>
<p>individually to write their cheques when the response is </p>
<p>sufficient to underwrite publication. In the meantime, enquiries </p>
<p>from royalty publishers are welcome. Zees is a bootstrap </p>
<p>production, Dollink --- my apologies to Zsa Zsa. </p>
<p> END OF FORWARD </p>
<p>*1 This is the belief taken by the Government of the United
States, especially its Public Broadcasting System. Assuredly,
what the lord hath given us starving authors with one hand, he
taketh away by truckloads driven by the other. With legal
protection like we got, we are better off with our pirates.
Unless you are a government authorized freebooter, however, the
first hand lays down the law.</p>
<p> Readers who copy programs published in magazines are
<p> Readers who copy programs published in magazines are
subject to the same legal strictures. The magazine publishers do
not assign its readers the right to make copies of their text to
give to their friends, much less sell.</p>
<p>*2 The most heavily edited and censored book in the world is
<p>*2 The most heavily edited and censored book in the world is
the Holy Bible, yet its readers are convinced every copy is the
original and every last Word of God. Evidently, God has
afterthoughts --- The New Testament. The Holy Koran is an even
@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ later Word of the very same God compiled from the very same
orginal Scriptures. And don't forget the equally Holy Book of
Mormon. I can relate to Him; I am also compelled to rewrite my
original words innumerable times as I get my act together. </p>
<p> I believe the Bible; it is the publishers I question. I
<p> I believe the Bible; it is the publishers I question. I
have no doubt that God inspires all His chosen publishers, but I
wonder whether He chose every publisher; after all, the Bible is
in public domain. If God inspired the American Constitution, in
@ -279,4 +280,5 @@ First Amendment --- entitling Larry Flint to turn a dollar in
the pre-eminently profitable religious market. It isn't belief
in the Bible that fomented the most vicious wars, but belief in
the infallible veracity of the publishers.</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>FREE TRADE VERSUS PROTECTIONISM</p>
<p>By RICHARD M. EBELING</p>
<p>A specter is haunting the economies of the world. It is the
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>FREE TRADE VERSUS PROTECTIONISM</p>
<p>By RICHARD M. EBELING</p>
<p>A specter is haunting the economies of the world. It is the
specter of protectionism. In one country after the other,
cries are heard that international trade, rather than bringing
mutual prosperity, imposes economic hardship on some nations
@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ so that others may gain. Trading practices among nations are
declared to be "unfair." Jobs are supposedly lost through
"cheap" imports flooding domestic markets. Balance of trade
deficits threaten the financial stability of not only third-world countries, but the United States as well.</p>
<p>And the solutions proposed are the same everywhere: demands
<p>And the solutions proposed are the same everywhere: demands
are made for the imposition or stiffening of trade
restrictions--the raising of barriers in the path of trade
among nations. It is claimed that limitations on amounts of
@ -19,12 +20,12 @@ tariffs that make foreign goods more costly or quotas that
prohibit the quantities which may be imported, will increase
the market share of domestic companies as well as enhance
employment opportunities at home.</p>
<p>The reasoning seems straightforward and sensible. However, it
<p>The reasoning seems straightforward and sensible. However, it
suffers from one handicap: It is dead wrong! When implemented,
protectionist policies bring economic harm, as well as lower
standards of living, for the people of every nation choosing
to follow this path.</p>
<p>If the protectionist argument is correct, that buying Japanese
<p>If the protectionist argument is correct, that buying Japanese
goods, for example, is harmful to American industry and jobs
as a whole, then the same logic would have to imply that
importing New Mexico goods is harmful to Texas industry and
@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ suspect? Because people still suffer from the tribal notion
that suggests that the accident of a political boundary across
the face of a map must imply antagonism between the human
beings who live on different sides of that boundary.</p>
<p>International trade is nothing more than an extension of the
<p>International trade is nothing more than an extension of the
social division of labor across national borders. And the same
advantages that arise from a division of labor between members
of the same nation apply among members of different nations.
@ -44,20 +45,20 @@ member of the world economic community tending to specialize
in that line of production in which he has a comparative
advantage (a relative superiority) in relation to his trading
neighbors.</p>
<p>Through such a division of tasks and activities, the wealth
<p>Through such a division of tasks and activities, the wealth
and prosperity of every nation is increased, as compared to a
situation in which individuals or nations are required to
obtain what they desire through their own efforts, in economic
isolation from their fellow men.</p>
<p>But what of the particular charges presently leveled against
<p>But what of the particular charges presently leveled against
our foreign trading partners? What about the detrimental
effects which supposedly result from the trading policies of
other nations? Let us examine some of these charges:</p>
<p>1. Unfair Trading Practices. A number of nations have been
<p>1. Unfair Trading Practices. A number of nations have been
accused of unfairly subsidizing the export of goods to
America, i.e., at prices which are below their "actual" cost
of production.</p>
<p>The world is going through a dramatic technological and
<p>The world is going through a dramatic technological and
economic revolution, with many underdeveloped nations finally
entering the industrialized era. Their lower prices often
merely reflect their lower costs of production, as they shift
@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ they earn the purchasing power to buy more from America.
American exports, therefore, increase because the only way for
foreigners to buy more from Americans is for Americans to sell
more to foreigners.</p>
<p>To the extent that foreign governments do subsidize some
<p>To the extent that foreign governments do subsidize some
products sold in the U.S., this means that Americans are able
to buy them below what would have otherwise been the market
price. In other words, we are given a bargain, a bargain that
@ -79,11 +80,11 @@ to make other things that we would not have been able to
produce without this bargain. It is the citizens of those
other nations who should be outraged since they, not us, have
to foot the tax bill to pay for the subsidies.</p>
<p>2. Foreign Products Cause Loss of Jobs. The charge is made
<p>2. Foreign Products Cause Loss of Jobs. The charge is made
that the sale of foreign goods in America "steals" markets
away from American companies, with a resulting loss of jobs in
America.</p>
<p>This argument ignores the fact that these foreign goods must
<p>This argument ignores the fact that these foreign goods must
be paid for. It is true that jobs in those sectors of the
economy which directly compete against certain foreign
products may be lost. But other jobs are created in those
@ -92,19 +93,19 @@ interested in purchasing from Americans. The sale of foreign
goods in America may change the locale and types of
employments in the U.S., but it need not result, over time, in
any net loss of jobs.</p>
<p>Furthermore, with free trade, Americans end up spending less
<p>Furthermore, with free trade, Americans end up spending less
of their income on certain products because they are bought
more cheaply from foreign suppliers. This leaves them with
extra dollars by which they are able to increase their demand
for other goods on the market. The net effect, therefore, is
to stimulate even more employment opportunities than
previously existed.</p>
<p>3. The Balance of Trade Deficit and Foreign Investment. The
<p>3. The Balance of Trade Deficit and Foreign Investment. The
leading issue during the last several years has been the
charge that America buys more abroad than it sells, resulting
in a trade deficit that threatens the economic stability of
the United States.</p>
<p>It is true that in terms of tangible or visible goods, the
<p>It is true that in terms of tangible or visible goods, the
U.S. has been buying more than it has sold. But this overlooks
the overall trade "balance sheet." Instead of buying American
commodities with the dollars they have earned, foreign earners
@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ of dollars have returned some of them to America in the form
of savings in the credit markets, or as direct investment in
U.S. industry. The overall balance of payments between the
United States and the rest of the world has balanced.</p>
<p>When this is pointed out, the concern expressed is that
<p>When this is pointed out, the concern expressed is that
foreigners are "buying up America." "They" will control "us."
Actually, however, when the foreign investment is "indirect,"
i.e., loaned to Americans through the banking system, this
@ -123,12 +124,12 @@ wisely used, the money borrowed will be paid back, with
interest. And, in a few years, the productive capital in
America will be greater and more efficient. Industry will
still be in "our" hands.</p>
<p>But what if the investment is direct? Won't foreigners
<p>But what if the investment is direct? Won't foreigners
"control" America by buying out existing companies or starting
up new businesses which successfully compete against American-owned firms? Again, this reflects the collectivist notions of
past ages, notions which think of those who belong to other
nations--"tribes"--as inherently dangerous enemies.</p>
<p>But those of other nations who invest in America are actually
<p>But those of other nations who invest in America are actually
"our" captives--if one wishes to use this form of reasoning.
They have invested their savings in America because it has
offered the most attractive economic and political
@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ environment. Their own fortunes and futures are linked to
continuing American prosperity; and they must manage their
investments in judicious, market-oriented directions if they
are to generate the profits for which they hope.</p>
<p>But what if "they" pulled out? Would that not hurt "us" by
<p>But what if "they" pulled out? Would that not hurt "us" by
disrupting "our" economy? In such a case, the physical plant
and equipment remain in America. To "pull out," they would
have to find willing buyers. And to do that, they would have
@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ compared to other countries. But are these not the same
incentives and motives which guide Americans who invest and
save in New York rather than California, or in the U.S. rather
than some other country?</p>
<p>While there will always be necessary adjustments to new and
<p>While there will always be necessary adjustments to new and
changing circumstances, free trade between nations ultimately
benefits all who participate. Protectionism can only lead us
down a road of impoverishment and international commercial
@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ the flourishing commerce of Germany, France, England and even
Japan. Why? Because America's prosperity and economic future
are dependent upon the economic prosperity of all of those
with whom it trades in the international division of labor.</p>
<p>Professor Ebeling is the Ludwig von Mises Professor of
<p>Professor Ebeling is the Ludwig von Mises Professor of
Economics at Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, Michigan, and also
serves as vice-president of academic affairs for The Future of
Freedom Foundation, P.O. Box 9752, Denver, CO 80209.
@ -170,4 +171,5 @@ PO Box 9752, Denver, Colorado 80209, 303-777-3588.
Permission granted to reprint; please give appropriate credit
and send one copy of reprinted material to the Foundation.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>Subject: Leaflet: Freemasonry and Society</p>
<p>This is the text of a leaflet published by by the Board of
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>Subject: Leaflet: Freemasonry and Society</p>
<p>This is the text of a leaflet published by by the Board of
General Purposes of the United Grand Lodge of England in 1987.</p>
<p> Freemasonry and Society</p>
<p>Introduction:
<p> Freemasonry and Society</p>
<p>Introduction:
This leaflet is intended to expand a topic mentioned in the
leaflet "What is Freemasonry". It explains the United Grand Lodge of
England's view on Freemasonry and Society.</p>
<p>Respect for the law:
<p>Respect for the law:
Freemasonry demands from its members a respect for the law of any
country in which a man may work and live.</p>
<p>Principles:
<p>Principles:
The principles of Freemasonry do not in any way conflict with its
members' duties as citizens, whether at work or at home or in public
life, but on the contrary should strengthen them in fulfulling their
@ -24,33 +25,34 @@ made clear directly or by inference several times during a Freemason's
early career so that no Freemason can pretend to be ignorant of it. A
Freemason who transgresses this rule may be suspended from Masonic
activities or even expelled.</p>
<p>Family:
<p>Family:
Freemasonry should not be allowed to harm a man's family or
other connections by taking too much of his time or his money or
causing him to act in any other way against their interests.</p>
<p>Duty as a citizen:
<p>Duty as a citizen:
A Freemason's duty as a citizen must always prevail over any
obligation to other Freemasons, and any attempt to shield a Freemason
who has acted dishonourably or unlawfully or to confer an unfair
advantage on another Freemason is contrary to this prime duty.</p>
<p>Personal or business difficulties:
<p>Personal or business difficulties:
If it could be proved by evidence that any personal failure or
business difficulty was attributable to 'Masonic influence', Masonic
authority would take a serious view of the fact, as it would be
contrary to the principles of Freemasonry.</p>
<p>Secrecy:</p>
<p>* Freemasonry is not a secret society.</p>
<p>* Like many other societies, it regards some of its internal affairs
<p>Secrecy:</p>
<p>* Freemasonry is not a secret society.</p>
<p>* Like many other societies, it regards some of its internal affairs
as private matters for its members.</p>
<p>* There is no secret about its aims and principles. Copies of the
<p>* There is no secret about its aims and principles. Copies of the
constitutions and rules can be obtained from Freemasons' Hall by
interested members of the public.</p>
<p>* The secrets of Freemasonry are concerned with its traditional modes
<p>* The secrets of Freemasonry are concerned with its traditional modes
of recognition. Its ceremonies are private.</p>
<p>* In ordinary conversation there is very little about Freemasonry
<p>* In ordinary conversation there is very little about Freemasonry
which may not be discussed.
* On inquiry for acceptable reasons, Freemsons are free and will be
proud to acknowledge their own membership.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<div class="article">
<p>A CAPITALIST LOOKS AT FREE TRADE</p>
<p>By WILLIAM L. LAW</p>
<p>Protectionists seeking relief from the rigors of foreign
<xml>
<div class="article">
<p>A CAPITALIST LOOKS AT FREE TRADE</p>
<p>By WILLIAM L. LAW</p>
<p>Protectionists seeking relief from the rigors of foreign
competition bring to mind Milton Friedman's dictum, "The great
enemies of free enterprise are businessmen and intellectuals--
businessmen because they want socialism for themselves and
free enterprise for everyone else; intellectuals, because they
want free enterprise for themselves and socialism for everyone
else."</p>
<p>I speak from personal experience. Baseball-glove leather was
<p>I speak from personal experience. Baseball-glove leather was
the principal product of our firm until 1957 when ball gloves
of Japanese manufacture appeared and ultimately gained seventy
percent of the United States' market. Today, we tan no
@ -19,12 +20,12 @@ investigated the matter in some depth and found that I could
not in good faith urge protectionist action on my political
representatives; such action would have been wrong
economically, politically and morally.</p>
<p>My sentiments stem from the fact that I look upon myself not
<p>My sentiments stem from the fact that I look upon myself not
as a tanner whose product is leather, but as a capitalist
whose product is profit. That climate most beneficial to
capitalists--and to workers--is one in which there exists a
minimum of governmental interference.</p>
<p>The protectionist argument is almost as widespread today as it
<p>The protectionist argument is almost as widespread today as it
was two hundred years ago when Adam Smith in his treatise An
Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of The Wealth of Nations so
brilliantly demonstrated its fallacies. Fortunately, we have
@ -32,8 +33,8 @@ the work of Smith and his many successors, plus the empirical
lessons on the benefits of free trade--our fifty states united
in one common market are a notable example--to demonstrate the
advantages of free exchange.</p>
<p>No improvement can be made on Smith's understanding:</p>
<p> It is the highest impertinence of kings and
<p>No improvement can be made on Smith's understanding:</p>
<p> It is the highest impertinence of kings and
ministers, to pretend to watch over the economy of
private people, and to restrain their expense, either
by sumptuary laws, or by prohibiting the importation
@ -43,14 +44,14 @@ society. Let them look well after their own expense,
and they may safely trust private people with theirs.
If their own extravagance does not ruin the state,
that of their subjects never will. . . .</p>
<p> To give the monopoly of the home market to the
<p> To give the monopoly of the home market to the
produce of domestic industry . . . must, in almost
all cases be either a useless or a hurtful regulation.
If the produce of domestic industry can be bought
there as cheap as that of foreign industry, the
regulation is evidently useless. If it cannot, it
must generally be hurtful.</p>
<p> It is the maxim of every prudent master of a family,
<p> It is the maxim of every prudent master of a family,
never to attempt to make at home what it will cost
him more to make than to buy. The tailor does not
attempt to make his own shoes, but buys them of a
@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ the same thing, with the price of a part of it, whatever
else they have occasion for. What is prudence in the
conduct of every private family, can scarce be folly in
that of a great kingdom. . . .</p>
<p> That it was the spirit of monopoly which originally
<p> That it was the spirit of monopoly which originally
both invented and propagated this [protectionist]
doctrine cannot be doubted; and they who first taught
it were by no means such fools as they who believed it.
@ -77,30 +78,30 @@ pains to prove it; nor could it ever have been called
in question had not the interested sophistry of
merchants and manufacturers confounded the common sense
of mankind.</p>
<p>The "sophistry" of which Smith speaks is in essence that being
<p>The "sophistry" of which Smith speaks is in essence that being
advanced today by protectionists: "The U.S. is a high-wage
country; its industry is unable to compete with that in low-wage countries; imports are increasing, and unless remedial
measures are adopted, our industries will be destroyed and
large-scale unemployment will ensue."</p>
<p>But fortunately, we have the the rationale and arguments for
<p>But fortunately, we have the the rationale and arguments for
free trade.</p>
<p>We trade to obtain goods that are either unobtainable
<p>We trade to obtain goods that are either unobtainable
domestically, such as chrome ore, diamonds, and teak wood, or
that can be obtained more cheaply abroad, such as baseball
gloves or textiles.</p>
<p>And free trade raises wages! Trade between individuals,
<p>And free trade raises wages! Trade between individuals,
between states, between nations is beneficial, and far from
reducing the living standards of the participants, greatly
improves them. And the country with the freest trade policy
enjoys the maximum advantage.</p>
<p>I repeat: trade raises wages! Those who think otherwise fail
<p>I repeat: trade raises wages! Those who think otherwise fail
to understand that wages in the U.S. are the world's highest
for a reason: American industry has the world's highest
average-capital investment per worker ($125000) and,
therefore, has the highest average productivity per worker.
And while we have high wages, because of the multiplier--
tools, we also have low labor costs!</p>
<p>Certainly, labor-intensive industries, i.e., textiles, find it
<p>Certainly, labor-intensive industries, i.e., textiles, find it
difficult to compete inside a capital-intensive country.
After all, a Chinese worker with minimal capital--a needle--
and working for $20 a week, will produce handmade lace at a
@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ lower cost than an American worker using the same needle and
receiving $200 a week. While their productivity will be the
same, the Chinese labor cost will be one-tenth of the U.S.
cost.</p>
<p>But give the American worker a giant mechanical shovel and, at
<p>But give the American worker a giant mechanical shovel and, at
the world's highest wage, he will produce the world's cheapest
coal. With advanced technology, workers will produce the
lowest-cost coal, wheat, jet aircraft and countless other
@ -116,11 +117,11 @@ goods. And so, we import lace and ball gloves and petroleum,
and we export jet planes and wheat and chemicals. To attempt
to "retaliate" against lower costs in certain foreign
industries is an exercise in folly.</p>
<p>Moreover, contrary to popular belief, imports don't cause
<p>Moreover, contrary to popular belief, imports don't cause
unemployment, nor do immigration or automation. Unemployment
exists only when money wages are arbitrarily raised or held
above the market price.</p>
<p>The Great Depression is the classic case of "iatrogenic"
<p>The Great Depression is the classic case of "iatrogenic"
unemployment, i.e., induced by the economic doctor. For
example, when the stock market crashed in 1929, it
precipitated a deflation and concomitant lowering of all
@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ war effort; and instead of trying to support wages, the
government took the opposite position and introduced controls
to hold wages down. Unemployment soon disappeared and industry
expanded.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, a false lesson was learned--that war is the
<p>Unfortunately, a false lesson was learned--that war is the
health of the economy. (Our current secretary of state,
justifying the military intervention in the Middle East,
reflected this when he stated, "If you want to sum it up in
@ -143,14 +144,14 @@ one word, it's jobs.") The truth, of course, is that war is
actually the enemy of prosperity (and freedom) and that full
employment is actually the normal condition of a truly free
economy.</p>
<p>Protectionism is the age-old road to reduced exports,
<p>Protectionism is the age-old road to reduced exports,
increased unemployment, lower standards of living, war, and so
many other problems associated with government intervention in
economic activity. Free trade, on the other hand, is the way
to increased exports, full employment, higher standards of
living, peace, and so many other benefits associated with
economic freedom.</p>
<p>Mr. Law is chairman of the board of Cudahy Tanning Company in
<p>Mr. Law is chairman of the board of Cudahy Tanning Company in
Cudahy, Wisconsin.
------------------------------------------------------------
@ -160,4 +161,5 @@ PO Box 9752, Denver, Colorado 80209, 303-777-3588.
Permission granted to reprint; please give appropriate credit
and send one copy of reprinted material to the Foundation.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</xml>

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