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<title>jfk-0002</title>
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<h1 id="title-index">Politics-Conspiracies-Project</h1>
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<h2>jfk-0002</h2>
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<p> THE KENNEDY FILES
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FILE #2</p>
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<p> Copyright 1992 by Mark D. Turner
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P.O. Box 1955, Bluefield, WV 24701-6955
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The Outer Limits BBS - 703-322-2529</p>
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<p>=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
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This file may be freely distributed but Mark D. Turner retains all
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copyrights. Do not make any changes to this file, please. Comments
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and suggestions for future issues are appreciated.
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=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-</p>
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<p> THE AUDIO RECORDING</p>
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<p>Many people are familiar with the <span class="PERSON">Zapruder</span> film and some even know of
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the other photographic evidence in the Kennedy assassination. These
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will be covered in future issues. A lesser known item is an audio
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recording of the shots.</p>
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<p>Behind and to the left of Kennedy's car was a policeman riding a
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motorcycle. Apparently, his microphone's "push-to-talk" button was
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stuck in the on position and a recording machine at Dallas police
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headquarters taped the entire assassination. The Warren Commission
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turned the recording over to the FBI who claimed to find nothing
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which resembled gunshots. Then it was given to Dr. Lawrence Kersta
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of Bell Telephone Acoustics & Speech Research Laboratory who said
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there were "six nonvoiced noises." The Warren Report did not reveal
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his test results. Interestingly, the original tape has disappeared
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from the National Archives.</p>
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<p> THE 1978 ANALYSIS</p>
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<p>In May, 1978, The House Select Committee on Assassinations turned
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the recording over to Dr. James Barger of Bolt, Beranek and Newman
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who had previously examined the infamous Watergate tapes. The firm
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had only a short time to analyze the sounds as the Committee was
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entering its final months. The tape was filtered and digitized so
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that repetitive noises such as engines could be removed and wave-forms could be produced. They found at least six impulses (and
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possibly as many as nine) which could have been gunshots.</p>
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<p>The Committee, based on the <span class="PERSON">Zapruder</span> film, set a certain time frame
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that the shots had to fit within. All six impulses occurred at the
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at the correct time. The sounds also matched patterns of gunfire
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recorded through a radio system similar to the Dallas police depart-ments. The former Chief Counsel of the Assassinations Committee,
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Robert Blakey, has said on several occasions "There were six or seven
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shots on the tape." Of course, Oswald could not have fired near this
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many shots in the 5.6 second period that most experts agree on (based
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on the <span class="PERSON">Zapruder</span> film). Also, only three empty cartridges were found
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at Oswald's supposed firing spot.</p>
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<p>Next, BBN recommended firing test shots in Dealey Plaza to see if they
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matched any of the six impulses. By setting up microphones at various
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positions and firing from different places, unique acoustic finger-prints could be taken. Each combination of positions would result in
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a unique spacing of the shot's noise and echoes.</p>
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<p> MICROPHONE LOCATION</p>
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<p>One thing that made the measurements more difficult was the use of
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stationary microphones rather than moving ones such as the one which
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originally recorded the shots. When the scientists studied the 26
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echoes for each shot and computed the location of the original micro-phone, it resulted in an accuracy within one foot. One set of data
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matched better than 95% as the position of the open mike and it was
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the location of motorcycle policeman H.B. McLain.</p>
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<p>McLain was then interviewed and estimated that he was "about 150 feet"
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behind Kennedy. The acoustic evidence showed the open mike was 154
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behind the car when the third shot was fired. Photographs also show
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McLain to be in this position at the time. The sound experts also
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stated that the mike was on the left side of the motorcycle and
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pointed toward the ground. McLain confirmed this along with the fact
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that he frequently had open mike problems. The tape also contained
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the sounds of the motorcycle quickly accelerating about 30 seconds
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after the last shot, then slowing, idling, and disappearing. This
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matches what is known to have happened following the shooting, with
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the recording ending as McLain flipped on his siren and thereby
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closed the microphone.</p>
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<p> THE SNIPERS' NESTS</p>
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<p>A major mistake with the reenactment was that shots were only fired
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from two locations: the Texas School Book Depository and the grassy
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knoll. Other locations were ignored although there has been much
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evidence that three or more gunmen may have participated. The first
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and sixth impulses did not match gunfire from either of the two
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tested locations and so were dismissed by the Committee. They did
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carefully word the report to state that they did not match the two
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tested firing spots rather than stating that they were not gunshots.
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They could have been gunshots fired from other positions. The first
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impulse is 1/2 second before the second. The sixth is 7/10 of a
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second after the fifth. If the two are indeed shots, then there were
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at least 3 and possibly 4 gunmen! Interestingly, there is very
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possibly a seventh shot on the tape. At one point another mike was
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keyed and caused a heterodyning on the tape. This is at the point
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that the <span class="PERSON">Zapruder</span> film shows Kennedy react to a possible hit to his
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back.</p>
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<p>Of the four impulses that the Committee accepted as gunshots, the
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third matched gunfire from the grassy knoll. Because of the echo
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patterns, it had to come from the grassy knoll and not from elsewhere,
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such as an engine backfiring. The grassy knoll shot was also pre-ceeded by an N-wave (supersonic shock wave) which proved it was a
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gunshot (bullets are supersonic). Experts stated that there was
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better than a 95 percent chance that there was a shot from the
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grassy knoll.</p>
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<p>Although Chairman Stokes privately admitted that they knew the head
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shot came from the front, no one on the Committee was willing to admit
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publically that the fatal shot had been fired by someone other than
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Oswald. They decided to claim that the third shot (the grassy knoll
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shot) was a miss and that Oswald had fired the fatal head shot. When
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the recording was synchronized with the <span class="PERSON">Zapruder</span> film, though, this
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claim did not match perfectly with the other shots. When the grassy
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knoll shot was synchronized with the head shot everything fell into
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place. Still, the Committee would not admit that the third shot was
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the head shot.</p>
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<p>Even when the third shot is considered to be a miss and that the other
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three were hits, then another problem arises: the first and second
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shots are only 1.66 seconds apart. Therefore, Oswald couldn't have
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fired the first two because of the speed required. Of course, much
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evidence shows that Oswald wasn't even on the sixth floor of the
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Depository and various guns seem to have been spotted by people that
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day. Was another man firing a quicker rifle from the sixth floor?</p>
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<p> ODDITIES</p>
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<p>A very strange and suspicious sound also appears just before the end
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of the tape: an electronic beeping in Morse code for "victory."
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Where did this originate? We'll probably never know for sure but Jim
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Hicks appears in Dealey Plaza photos with a radio and admitted his
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role in the assassination to Jim Garrison. Possibly he was the com-munications man for the snipers as some researchers believe. He
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certainly resembles the man who the CIA supposedly photographed at
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the Soviet embassy in Mexico City two months BEFORE the murder using
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Oswald's name. Not long after talking to Garrison, Hicks was locked
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away in a military hospital for the insane.</p>
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<p>Evaluations of the tape show that more than one microphone was open
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during the shooting. Actually, four may have been keyed which leads
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one to wonder if there was an attempt to disrupt police communications
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at the crucial time.</p>
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<p> PROBLEMS WITH THE RECORDING</p>
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<p>Dr. Barger's examination of the tape found two 60 hertz hums on the
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recording. The original copy should have had one hum. Two hums show
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that it is a copy of the original. Where did the original recording
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disappear to? Researchers believe the tape was tampered with which
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unfortunately gives critics reason to question the authenticity of
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the recording. There is a second police department recording of a
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second channel. A policeman's voice can be heard on both tapes saying
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the same thing. On the second tape it is apparent that he didn't say
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it until about one minute after the shooting. On the first (and im-portant tape) it appears just after the shooting. Critics claim this
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proves the tape is not a recording of shots at all but of some other
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noise. The problem with this is that the shots scientifically match
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the shots fired for the Committee's test. They can be nothing but
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shots and can not have been fired from anywhere except the Depository
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and grassy knoll. They also can not have been recorded anywhere but
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the motorcycle following the president' car.</p>
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<p>Why does the statement appear at the wrong place on the tape? The
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secret probably lies in the two 60 hertz hums. In the CIA's cover-up,
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the tape was taken and something was removed that was incriminating.
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A new copy was made which resulted in the second hum and the timing
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descrepancy. The CIA didn't realize that the tape contained the shots
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since they apparently don't stand out if you're not looking for them.
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They most likely edited out a policeman saying something about one of
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the other gunmen.</p>
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<p>Critics have also been quick to point out the sound of a carillon bell
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on the recording about seven seconds after the final shot. When the
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Committee looked for such a bell in 1978 they couldn't find one. The
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FBI even pointed this out in a report. Of course, just because the
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bell couldn't be found in 1978 doesn't mean it wasn't there in 1963.
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A news broadcast from Dealey Plaza on the first anniversary of the
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murder picked up the bell. Also, a tape still exists of a carillon
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bell which a bank twelve blocks from Dealey Plaza was using to play
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"Hail to the Chief" as Kennedy was driven through Dallas. The bell
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could be heard all over Dallas, including at Dealey Plaza.</p>
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<p> CONCLUSION</p>
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<p>So, in the end we are left with four impulses that are definitely
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shots. In addition there are possibly three more. The four proven
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shots breakdown as follows:</p>
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<p> Shot 1 - School Book Depository
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Shot 2 - School Book Depository
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Shot 3 - Grassy Knoll
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Shot 4 - School Book Depository</p>
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<p>Although it is still not known by the average man on the street, the
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Assassinations Committee decided that there was a second gunman and
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that he did indeed fire from the grassy knoll. It's apparent that
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this unknown gunman fired the fatal head shot which the government
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still wants us to believe Oswald fired. Of course, Oswald may have
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been involved, but then again maybe he was just a patsy like he
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claimed. Whatever his role was, it's time for the government to help
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track down the others that were involved.</p>
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</body>
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</html>
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