Clean up to arxiv (and move any ml related to the agentic repo) (#8)

Deep_Art/examples/03-fine-tuning.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,947 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Fine-tuning a Pretrained Network for Style Recognition\n",
+    "\n",
+    "In this example, we'll explore a common approach that is particularly useful in real-world applications: take a pre-trained Caffe network and fine-tune the parameters on your custom data.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The upside of such approach is that, since pre-trained networks are learned on a large set of images, the intermediate layers capture the \"semantics\" of the general visual appearance. Think of it as a very powerful feature that you can treat as a black box. On top of that, only a few layers will be needed to obtain a very good performance of the data."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "First, we will need to prepare the data. This involves the following parts:\n",
+    "(1) Get the ImageNet ilsvrc pretrained model with the provided shell scripts.\n",
+    "(2) Download a subset of the overall Flickr style dataset for this demo.\n",
+    "(3) Compile the downloaded Flickr dataset into a database that Caffe can then consume."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import os\n",
+    "os.chdir('..')\n",
+    "import sys\n",
+    "sys.path.insert(0, './python')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import caffe\n",
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "from pylab import *\n",
+    "%matplotlib inline"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# This downloads the ilsvrc auxiliary data (mean file, etc),\n",
+    "# and a subset of 2000 images for the style recognition task.\n",
+    "!data/ilsvrc12/get_ilsvrc_aux.sh\n",
+    "!scripts/download_model_binary.py models/bvlc_reference_caffenet\n",
+    "!python examples/finetune_flickr_style/assemble_data.py \\\n",
+    "    --workers=-1 --images=2000 --seed=1701 --label=5"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Let's show what is the difference between the fine-tuning network and the original caffe model."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "1c1\r\n",
+      "< name: \"CaffeNet\"\r\n",
+      "---\r\n",
+      "> name: \"FlickrStyleCaffeNet\"\r\n",
+      "4c4\r\n",
+      "<   type: \"Data\"\r\n",
+      "---\r\n",
+      ">   type: \"ImageData\"\r\n",
+      "15,26c15,19\r\n",
+      "< # mean pixel / channel-wise mean instead of mean image\r\n",
+      "< #  transform_param {\r\n",
+      "< #    crop_size: 227\r\n",
+      "< #    mean_value: 104\r\n",
+      "< #    mean_value: 117\r\n",
+      "< #    mean_value: 123\r\n",
+      "< #    mirror: true\r\n",
+      "< #  }\r\n",
+      "<   data_param {\r\n",
+      "<     source: \"examples/imagenet/ilsvrc12_train_lmdb\"\r\n",
+      "<     batch_size: 256\r\n",
+      "<     backend: LMDB\r\n",
+      "---\r\n",
+      ">   image_data_param {\r\n",
+      ">     source: \"data/flickr_style/train.txt\"\r\n",
+      ">     batch_size: 50\r\n",
+      ">     new_height: 256\r\n",
+      ">     new_width: 256\r\n",
+      "31c24\r\n",
+      "<   type: \"Data\"\r\n",
+      "---\r\n",
+      ">   type: \"ImageData\"\r\n",
+      "42,51c35,36\r\n",
+      "< # mean pixel / channel-wise mean instead of mean image\r\n",
+      "< #  transform_param {\r\n",
+      "< #    crop_size: 227\r\n",
+      "< #    mean_value: 104\r\n",
+      "< #    mean_value: 117\r\n",
+      "< #    mean_value: 123\r\n",
+      "< #    mirror: true\r\n",
+      "< #  }\r\n",
+      "<   data_param {\r\n",
+      "<     source: \"examples/imagenet/ilsvrc12_val_lmdb\"\r\n",
+      "---\r\n",
+      ">   image_data_param {\r\n",
+      ">     source: \"data/flickr_style/test.txt\"\r\n",
+      "53c38,39\r\n",
+      "<     backend: LMDB\r\n",
+      "---\r\n",
+      ">     new_height: 256\r\n",
+      ">     new_width: 256\r\n",
+      "323a310\r\n",
+      ">   # Note that lr_mult can be set to 0 to disable any fine-tuning of this, and any other, layer\r\n",
+      "360c347\r\n",
+      "<   name: \"fc8\"\r\n",
+      "---\r\n",
+      ">   name: \"fc8_flickr\"\r\n",
+      "363c350,351\r\n",
+      "<   top: \"fc8\"\r\n",
+      "---\r\n",
+      ">   top: \"fc8_flickr\"\r\n",
+      ">   # lr_mult is set to higher than for other layers, because this layer is starting from random while the others are already trained\r\n",
+      "365c353\r\n",
+      "<     lr_mult: 1\r\n",
+      "---\r\n",
+      ">     lr_mult: 10\r\n",
+      "369c357\r\n",
+      "<     lr_mult: 2\r\n",
+      "---\r\n",
+      ">     lr_mult: 20\r\n",
+      "373c361\r\n",
+      "<     num_output: 1000\r\n",
+      "---\r\n",
+      ">     num_output: 20\r\n",
+      "384a373,379\r\n",
+      ">   name: \"loss\"\r\n",
+      ">   type: \"SoftmaxWithLoss\"\r\n",
+      ">   bottom: \"fc8_flickr\"\r\n",
+      ">   bottom: \"label\"\r\n",
+      ">   top: \"loss\"\r\n",
+      "> }\r\n",
+      "> layer {\r\n",
+      "387c382\r\n",
+      "<   bottom: \"fc8\"\r\n",
+      "---\r\n",
+      ">   bottom: \"fc8_flickr\"\r\n",
+      "393,399d387\r\n",
+      "< }\r\n",
+      "< layer {\r\n",
+      "<   name: \"loss\"\r\n",
+      "<   type: \"SoftmaxWithLoss\"\r\n",
+      "<   bottom: \"fc8\"\r\n",
+      "<   bottom: \"label\"\r\n",
+      "<   top: \"loss\"\r\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "!diff models/bvlc_reference_caffenet/train_val.prototxt models/finetune_flickr_style/train_val.prototxt"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "For your record, if you want to train the network in pure C++ tools, here is the command:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "<code>\n",
+    "build/tools/caffe train \\\n",
+    "    -solver models/finetune_flickr_style/solver.prototxt \\\n",
+    "    -weights models/bvlc_reference_caffenet/bvlc_reference_caffenet.caffemodel \\\n",
+    "    -gpu 0\n",
+    "</code>\n",
+    "\n",
+    "However, we will train using Python in this example."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "iter 0, finetune_loss=3.360094, scratch_loss=3.136188\n",
+      "iter 10, finetune_loss=2.672608, scratch_loss=9.736364\n",
+      "iter 20, finetune_loss=2.071996, scratch_loss=2.250404\n",
+      "iter 30, finetune_loss=1.758295, scratch_loss=2.049553\n",
+      "iter 40, finetune_loss=1.533391, scratch_loss=1.941318\n",
+      "iter 50, finetune_loss=1.561658, scratch_loss=1.839706\n",
+      "iter 60, finetune_loss=1.461696, scratch_loss=1.880035\n",
+      "iter 70, finetune_loss=1.267941, scratch_loss=1.719161\n",
+      "iter 80, finetune_loss=1.192778, scratch_loss=1.627453\n",
+      "iter 90, finetune_loss=1.541176, scratch_loss=1.822061\n",
+      "iter 100, finetune_loss=1.029039, scratch_loss=1.654087\n",
+      "iter 110, finetune_loss=1.138547, scratch_loss=1.735837\n",
+      "iter 120, finetune_loss=0.917412, scratch_loss=1.851918\n",
+      "iter 130, finetune_loss=0.971519, scratch_loss=1.801927\n",
+      "iter 140, finetune_loss=0.868252, scratch_loss=1.745545\n",
+      "iter 150, finetune_loss=0.790020, scratch_loss=1.844925\n",
+      "iter 160, finetune_loss=1.092668, scratch_loss=1.695591\n",
+      "iter 170, finetune_loss=1.055344, scratch_loss=1.661715\n",
+      "iter 180, finetune_loss=0.969769, scratch_loss=1.823639\n",
+      "iter 190, finetune_loss=0.780566, scratch_loss=1.820862\n",
+      "done\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "niter = 200\n",
+    "# losses will also be stored in the log\n",
+    "train_loss = np.zeros(niter)\n",
+    "scratch_train_loss = np.zeros(niter)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "caffe.set_device(0)\n",
+    "caffe.set_mode_gpu()\n",
+    "# We create a solver that fine-tunes from a previously trained network.\n",
+    "solver = caffe.SGDSolver('models/finetune_flickr_style/solver.prototxt')\n",
+    "solver.net.copy_from('models/bvlc_reference_caffenet/bvlc_reference_caffenet.caffemodel')\n",
+    "# For reference, we also create a solver that does no finetuning.\n",
+    "scratch_solver = caffe.SGDSolver('models/finetune_flickr_style/solver.prototxt')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# We run the solver for niter times, and record the training loss.\n",
+    "for it in range(niter):\n",
+    "    solver.step(1)  # SGD by Caffe\n",
+    "    scratch_solver.step(1)\n",
+    "    # store the train loss\n",
+    "    train_loss[it] = solver.net.blobs['loss'].data\n",
+    "    scratch_train_loss[it] = scratch_solver.net.blobs['loss'].data\n",
+    "    if it % 10 == 0:\n",
+    "        print 'iter %d, finetune_loss=%f, scratch_loss=%f' % (it, train_loss[it], scratch_train_loss[it])\n",
+    "print 'done'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Let's look at the training loss produced by the two training procedures respectively."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "scrolled": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7fbb36f0ad50>,\n",
+       " <matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7fbb36f0afd0>]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 5,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
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+       "UlvRigAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fbb37f20990>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "plot(np.vstack([train_loss, scratch_train_loss]).T)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Notice how the fine-tuning procedure produces a more smooth loss function change, and ends up at a better loss. A closer look at small values, clipping to avoid showing too large loss during training:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7fbb347a8310>,\n",
+       " <matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7fbb347a8590>]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 6,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "image/png": [
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+       "asoJ3sysppzgzcxq6j+vUsbacqJa4gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fbb37f207d0>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "plot(np.vstack([train_loss, scratch_train_loss]).clip(0, 4).T)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Let's take a look at the testing accuracy after running 200 iterations. Note that we are running a classification task of 5 classes, thus a chance accuracy is 20%. As we will reasonably expect, the finetuning result will be much better than the one from training from scratch. Let's see."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Accuracy for fine-tuning: 0.570000001788\n",
+      "Accuracy for training from scratch: 0.224000000954\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "test_iters = 10\n",
+    "accuracy = 0\n",
+    "scratch_accuracy = 0\n",
+    "for it in arange(test_iters):\n",
+    "    solver.test_nets[0].forward()\n",
+    "    accuracy += solver.test_nets[0].blobs['accuracy'].data\n",
+    "    scratch_solver.test_nets[0].forward()\n",
+    "    scratch_accuracy += scratch_solver.test_nets[0].blobs['accuracy'].data\n",
+    "accuracy /= test_iters\n",
+    "scratch_accuracy /= test_iters\n",
+    "print 'Accuracy for fine-tuning:', accuracy\n",
+    "print 'Accuracy for training from scratch:', scratch_accuracy"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Huzzah! So we did finetuning and it is awesome. Let's take a look at what kind of results we are able to get with a longer, more complete run of the style recognition dataset. Note: the below URL might be occassionally down because it is run on a research machine.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "http://demo.vislab.berkeleyvision.org/"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "description": "Fine-tune the ImageNet-trained CaffeNet on new data.",
+  "example_name": "Fine-tuning for Style Recognition",
+  "include_in_docs": true,
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  },
+  "priority": 4
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}

Deep_Art/examples/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+file(GLOB_RECURSE examples_srcs "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/examples/*.cpp")
+
+foreach(source_file ${examples_srcs})
+  # get file name
+  get_filename_component(name ${source_file} NAME_WE)
+    
+  # get folder name
+  get_filename_component(path ${source_file} PATH)
+  get_filename_component(folder ${path} NAME_WE)
+    
+  add_executable(${name} ${source_file})
+  target_link_libraries(${name} ${Caffe_LINK})
+  caffe_default_properties(${name})
+
+  # set back RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+  set_target_properties(${name} PROPERTIES
+    RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/examples/${folder}")
+
+  caffe_set_solution_folder(${name} examples)
+
+  # install
+  install(TARGETS ${name} DESTINATION bin)
+
+  if(UNIX OR APPLE)
+    # Funny command to make tutorials work
+    # TODO: remove in future as soon as naming is standartaized everywhere
+    set(__outname ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/examples/${folder}/${name}${Caffe_POSTFIX})
+    add_custom_command(TARGET ${name} POST_BUILD
+                       COMMAND ln -sf "${__outname}" "${__outname}.bin")
+  endif()
+endforeach()

Deep_Art/examples/dream.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,537 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "colab_type": "text",
+    "id": "AeF9mG-COZNE"
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "## Loading DNN model\n",
+    "In this notebook we are going to use a [GoogLeNet](https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/tree/master/models/bvlc_googlenet) model trained on [ImageNet](http://www.image-net.org/) dataset, which is set in the ```model_path``` variable:\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "colab_type": "text",
+    "id": "RMhGdYHuOZM8"
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# Deep Dreams (with Caffe) adapted by marina von steinkirch\n",
+    "\n",
+    "This notebook demonstrates how to use the [Caffe](http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/) neural network framework to \n",
+    "produce \"dream\" visuals shown in the \n",
+    "[Google Research blog post](http://googleresearch.blogspot.ch/2015/06/inceptionism-going-deeper-into-neural.html). **#deepdream**\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## Dependencies\n",
+    "\n",
+    "* Standard Python scientific stack: [NumPy](http://www.numpy.org/), [SciPy](http://www.scipy.org/), [PIL](http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/), [IPython](http://ipython.org/). \n",
+    "* [Caffe](http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/) deep learning framework ([installation instructions](http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html)).\n",
+    "* Google [protobuf](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) library that is used for Caffe model manipulation.\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "cellView": "both",
+    "colab_type": "code",
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "id": "Pqz5k4syOZNA"
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import os\n",
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "import scipy.ndimage as nd\n",
+    "import PIL.Image\n",
+    "from cStringIO import StringIO\n",
+    "from IPython.display import clear_output, Image, display\n",
+    "from google.protobuf import text_format\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import caffe\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# GPU support for CUDA and Caffe.\n",
+    "caffe.set_mode_gpu()\n",
+    "# Select GPU device if multiple devices exist.\n",
+    "caffe.set_device(0)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Set the background image to build the dream on top of it.\n",
+    "BACKGROUND_IMG = 'd2.jpg'\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Set the image to control the dream on.\n",
+    "CONTROL_IMAGE = 'd3.jpg'\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def showarray(a, fmt='jpeg'):\n",
+    "    \"\"\" Display the image in the notebook. \"\"\"\n",
+    "    a = np.uint8(np.clip(a, 0, 255))\n",
+    "    f = StringIO()\n",
+    "    PIL.Image.fromarray(a).save(f, fmt)\n",
+    "    display(Image(data=f.getvalue()))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "cellView": "both",
+    "colab_type": "code",
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "id": "i9hkSm1IOZNR"
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "model_path = '../models/bvlc_googlenet/'\n",
+    "net_fn = os.path.join(model_path, 'deploy.prototxt')\n",
+    "param_fn = os.path.join(model_path, 'bvlc_googlenet.caffemodel')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Patching model to be able to compute gradients.\n",
+    "# Note that you can also manually add \"force_backward: true\" line to \"deploy.prototxt\".\n",
+    "model = caffe.io.caffe_pb2.NetParameter()\n",
+    "text_format.Merge(open(net_fn).read(), model)\n",
+    "model.force_backward = True\n",
+    "open('tmp.prototxt', 'w').write(str(model))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "net = caffe.Classifier('tmp.prototxt', param_fn,\n",
+    "                       mean = np.float32([104.0, 116.0, 122.0]), # ImageNet mean, training set dependent\n",
+    "                       channel_swap = (2,1,0)) # the reference model has channels in BGR order instead of RGB\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# A couple of utility functions for converting to and from Caffe's input image layout.\n",
+    "def preprocess(net, img):\n",
+    "    return np.float32(np.rollaxis(img, 2)[::-1]) - net.transformer.mean['data']\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def deprocess(net, img):\n",
+    "    return np.dstack((img + net.transformer.mean['data'])[::-1])"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "colab_type": "text",
+    "id": "UeV_fJ4QOZNb"
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "##  Producing dreams"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "colab_type": "text",
+    "id": "9udrp3efOZNd"
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "The \"dream\" images is just a gradient ascent process that tries to maximize the **L2** norm of activations of a particular DNN layer. \n",
+    "\n",
+    "Here are a few simple tricks that we found useful for getting good images:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "* offset image by a random jitter,\n",
+    "* normalize the magnitude of gradient ascent steps,\n",
+    "* apply ascent across multiple scales (octaves),\n",
+    "\n",
+    "First, we implement a basic gradient ascent step function, applying the first two tricks:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "cellView": "both",
+    "colab_type": "code",
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "id": "pN43nMsHOZNg"
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "def objective_L2(dst):\n",
+    "    dst.diff[:] = dst.data \n",
+    "\n",
+    "def make_step(net, step_size=1.5, end='inception_4c/output', \n",
+    "              jitter=32, clip=True, objective=objective_L2):\n",
+    "    '''Basic gradient ascent step.'''\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    src = net.blobs['data'] # input image is stored in Net's 'data' blob\n",
+    "    dst = net.blobs[end]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    ox, oy = np.random.randint(-jitter, jitter+1, 2)\n",
+    "    src.data[0] = np.roll(np.roll(src.data[0], ox, -1), oy, -2) # apply jitter shift\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "    net.forward(end=end)\n",
+    "    objective(dst)  # specify the optimization objective\n",
+    "    net.backward(start=end)\n",
+    "    g = src.diff[0]\n",
+    "    # apply normalized ascent step to the input image\n",
+    "    src.data[:] += step_size/np.abs(g).mean() * g\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    src.data[0] = np.roll(np.roll(src.data[0], -ox, -1), -oy, -2) # unshift image\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "    if clip:\n",
+    "        bias = net.transformer.mean['data']\n",
+    "        src.data[:] = np.clip(src.data, -bias, 255-bias)    "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "colab_type": "text",
+    "id": "nphEdlBgOZNk"
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "Next we implement an ascent through different scales. We call these scales \"octaves\"."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "cellView": "both",
+    "colab_type": "code",
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "id": "ZpFIn8l0OZNq"
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "def deepdream(net, base_img, iter_n=10, octave_n=4, octave_scale=1.4, \n",
+    "              end='inception_4c/output', clip=True, **step_params):\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    # prepare base images for all octaves\n",
+    "    octaves = [preprocess(net, base_img)]\n",
+    "    for i in xrange(octave_n-1):\n",
+    "        octaves.append(nd.zoom(octaves[-1], (1, 1.0/octave_scale,1.0/octave_scale), order=1))\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    src = net.blobs['data']\n",
+    "    detail = np.zeros_like(octaves[-1]) # allocate image for network-produced details\n",
+    "    for octave, octave_base in enumerate(octaves[::-1]):\n",
+    "        h, w = octave_base.shape[-2:]\n",
+    "        if octave > 0:\n",
+    "            # upscale details from the previous octave\n",
+    "            h1, w1 = detail.shape[-2:]\n",
+    "            detail = nd.zoom(detail, (1, 1.0*h/h1,1.0*w/w1), order=1)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "        src.reshape(1,3,h,w) # resize the network's input image size\n",
+    "        src.data[0] = octave_base+detail\n",
+    "        for i in xrange(iter_n):\n",
+    "            make_step(net, end=end, clip=clip, **step_params)\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "            # visualization\n",
+    "            vis = deprocess(net, src.data[0])\n",
+    "            if not clip: # adjust image contrast if clipping is disabled\n",
+    "                vis = vis*(255.0/np.percentile(vis, 99.98))\n",
+    "            showarray(vis)\n",
+    "            print octave, i, end, vis.shape\n",
+    "            clear_output(wait=True)\n",
+    "            \n",
+    "        # extract details produced on the current octave\n",
+    "        detail = src.data[0]-octave_base\n",
+    "    # returning the resulting image\n",
+    "    return deprocess(net, src.data[0])"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "colab_type": "text",
+    "id": "QrcdU-lmOZNx"
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "Now we are ready to let the neural network reveal its dreams! Let's take a Dali image as a starting point:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "cellView": "both",
+    "colab_type": "code",
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "executionInfo": null,
+    "id": "40p5AqqwOZN5",
+    "outputId": "f62cde37-79e8-420a-e448-3b9b48ee1730",
+    "pinned": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "img = np.float32(PIL.Image.open(BACKGROUND_IMG))\n",
+    "showarray(img)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "colab_type": "text",
+    "id": "Z9_215_GOZOL"
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "Running the next code cell starts the detail generation process. You may see how new patterns start to form, iteration by iteration, octave by octave."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "cellView": "both",
+    "colab_type": "code",
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "executionInfo": null,
+    "id": "HlnVnDTlOZOL",
+    "outputId": "425dfc83-b474-4a69-8386-30d86361bbf6",
+    "pinned": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "_=deepdream(net, img)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "colab_type": "text",
+    "id": "Rp9kOCQTOZOQ"
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "The complexity of the details generated depends on which layer's activations we try to maximize. Higher layers produce complex features, while lower ones enhance edges and textures, giving the image an impressionist feeling:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "cellView": "both",
+    "colab_type": "code",
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "executionInfo": null,
+    "id": "eHOX0t93OZOR",
+    "outputId": "0de0381c-4681-4619-912f-9b6a2cdec0c6",
+    "pinned": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "_=deepdream(net, img, end='inception_3b/5x5_reduce')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "colab_type": "text",
+    "id": "rkzHz9E8OZOb"
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "We encourage readers to experiment with layer selection to see how it affects the results. Execute the next code cell to see the list of different layers. You can modify the `make_step` function to make it follow some different objective, say to select a subset of activations to maximize, or to maximize multiple layers at once. There is a huge design space to explore!"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "cellView": "both",
+    "colab_type": "code",
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "id": "OIepVN6POZOc"
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "net.blobs.keys()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "colab_type": "text",
+    "id": "vs2uUpMCOZOe"
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "What if we feed the `deepdream` function its own output, after applying a little zoom to it? It turns out that this leads to an endless stream of impressions of the things that the network saw during training. Some patterns fire more often than others, suggestive of basins of attraction.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "We will start the process from the same sky image as above, but after some iteration the original image becomes irrelevant; even random noise can be used as the starting point."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "cellView": "both",
+    "colab_type": "code",
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "id": "IB48CnUfOZOe"
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "!mkdir frames\n",
+    "frame = img\n",
+    "frame_i = 0"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "cellView": "both",
+    "colab_type": "code",
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "id": "fj0E-fKDOZOi"
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "h, w = frame.shape[:2]\n",
+    "s = 0.05 # scale coefficient\n",
+    "\n",
+    "for i in xrange(1):\n",
+    "    frame = deepdream(net, frame)\n",
+    "    PIL.Image.fromarray(np.uint8(frame)).save(\"frames/%04d.jpg\"%frame_i)\n",
+    "    frame = nd.affine_transform(frame, [1-s,1-s,1], [h*s/2,w*s/2,0], order=1)\n",
+    "    frame_i += 1"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "colab_type": "text",
+    "id": "XzZGGME_OZOk"
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "Be careful running the code above, it can bring you into very strange realms!"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "cellView": "both",
+    "colab_type": "code",
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "executionInfo": null,
+    "id": "ZCZcz2p1OZOt",
+    "outputId": "d3773436-2b5d-4e79-be9d-0f12ab839fff",
+    "pinned": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "Image(filename='frames/0029.jpg')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Controlling dreams\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The image detail generation method described above tends to produce some patterns more often the others. One easy way to improve the generated image diversity is to tweak the optimization objective. Here we show just one of many ways to do that. Let's use one more input image. We'd call it a \"*guide*\"."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "guide = np.float32(PIL.Image.open(CONTROL_IMAGE))\n",
+    "showarray(guide)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Note that the neural network we use was trained on images downscaled to 224x224 size. So high resolution images might have to be downscaled, so that the network could pick up their features. The image we use here is already small enough.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Now we pick some target layer and extract guide image features."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "end = 'inception_3b/output'\n",
+    "h, w = guide.shape[:2]\n",
+    "src, dst = net.blobs['data'], net.blobs[end]\n",
+    "src.reshape(1,3,h,w)\n",
+    "src.data[0] = preprocess(net, guide)\n",
+    "net.forward(end=end)\n",
+    "guide_features = dst.data[0].copy()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Instead of maximizing the L2-norm of current image activations, we try to maximize the dot-products between activations of current image, and their best matching correspondences from the guide image."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "def objective_guide(dst):\n",
+    "    x = dst.data[0].copy()\n",
+    "    y = guide_features\n",
+    "    ch = x.shape[0]\n",
+    "    x = x.reshape(ch,-1)\n",
+    "    y = y.reshape(ch,-1)\n",
+    "    A = x.T.dot(y) # compute the matrix of dot-products with guide features\n",
+    "    dst.diff[0].reshape(ch,-1)[:] = y[:,A.argmax(1)] # select ones that match best\n",
+    "\n",
+    "_=deepdream(net, img, end=end, objective=objective_guide)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "This way we can affect the style of generated images without using a different training set."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "colabVersion": "0.3.1",
+  "default_view": {},
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.11"
+  },
+  "views": {}
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}